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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Positivity 1 (1997), S. 319-330 
    ISSN: 1572-9281
    Schlagwort(e): delay equations ; stability ; positive solutions ; spectral growth condition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We prove stability for a semilinear delay equation, whose nonlinearity is majorized by a linear positive operator. The key ingredients are a spectral condition, positivity of solutions to the linear problem, and lattice properties of the Banach space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Schlagwort(e): differential inclusion ; invariance ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The properties of invariance, stability, asymptotic stability and attainability of a given compact set $$K \subset \mathbb{R}^n $$ with respect to a differential inclusion, have weak and strong versions: the weak version requires existence of a trajectory with the corresponding property, while the strong one requires this property for all trajectories. The following statement is proven in the paper (under slight restrictions) for each of the above-mentioned properties: if K has the weak property with respect to $$\dot x \in F(x) $$ , then there is a (regulation) mapping G such that G(x) ⊂ F(x) ∀ x and G has the strong property with respect to $${\dot x}$$ ε G(x). In addition, certain regularity of the set of solutions of the last inclusion is claimed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 365-375 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Schlagwort(e): set-valued mappings ; vector optimization ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We establish optimization results for set-valued mappings, with the image space given by a topological vector space partially ordered by a cone. Moreover, we obtain stability results relative to parametrized optimization problems. We use a weak semicontinuity concept related to the order structure of the image space and show how compactness assumptions used in previous papers can be lightened.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Queueing systems 27 (1997), S. 205-226 
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): multiclass queueing networks ; ergodicity ; stability ; performance analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We develop the use of piecewise linear test functions for the analysis of stability of multiclass queueing networks and their associated fluid limit models. It is found that if an associated LP admits a positive solution, then a Lyapunov function exists. This implies that the fluid limit model is stable and hence that the network model is positive Harris recurrent with a finite polynomial moment. Also, it is found that if a particular LP admits a solution, then the network model is transient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 9 (1997), S. 463-505 
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Schlagwort(e): Difference equations ; random perturbation ; averaging ; diffusion approximation ; randomly perturbed iterations ; stability ; 3SR60 ; 60H15 ; 60J99
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Let (X, ℬ) and (Y,C) be two measurable spaces withX being a linear space. A system is determined by two functionsf(X): X→ X andϕ:X×Y→X, a (small) positive parameterε and a homogeneous Markov chain {y n } in (Y,C) which describes random perturbations. States of the system, say {x n ɛ ∈X, n=0, 1,⋯}, are determined by the iteration relations:x n+1 ɛ =f(x n ɛ )+ɛϕ(x n ɛ ,Yn+1) forn≥0, wherex 0 ɛ =x 0 is given. Here we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutionx n ɛ asε → 0 andn → ∞ under various assumptions on the data. General results are applied to some problems in epidemics, genetics and demographics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Set-valued analysis 5 (1997), S. 377-390 
    ISSN: 1572-932X
    Schlagwort(e): differential inclusions ; stability ; boundedness of solutions ; Lyapunov functions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract For Lipschitzian differential inclusions, we prove that the existence of suitable Lyapunov functions is necessary for uniform stability and uniform boundedness of solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Queueing systems 26 (1997), S. 343-363 
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Schlagwort(e): retrial queues ; stability ; ergodicity ; renovation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider the following Type of problems. Calls arrive at a queue of capacity K (which is called the primary queue), and attempt to get served by a single server. If upon arrival, the queue is full and the server is busy, the new arriving call moves into an infinite capacity orbit, from which it makes new attempts to reach the primary queue, until it finds it non-full (or it finds the server idle). If the queue is not full upon arrival, then the call (customer) waits in line, and will be served according to the FIFO order. If λ is the arrival rate (average number per time unit) of calls and μ is one over the expected service time in the facility, it is well known that μ 〉 λ is not always sufficient for stability. The aim of this paper is to provide general conditions under which it is a sufficient condition. In particular, (i) we derive conditions for Harris ergodicity and obtain bounds for the rate of convergence to the steady state and large deviations results, in the case that the inter-arrival times, retrial times and service times are independent i.i.d. sequences and the retrial times are exponentially distributed; (ii) we establish conditions for strong coupling convergence to a stationary regime when either service times are general stationary ergodic (no independence assumption), and inter-arrival and retrial times are i.i.d. exponentially distributed; or when inter-arrival times are general stationary ergodic, and service and retrial times are i.i.d. exponentially distributed; (iii) we obtain conditions for the existence of uniform exponential bounds of the queue length process under some rather broad conditions on the retrial process. We finally present conditions for boundedness in distribution for the case of nonpatient (or non persistent) customers.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of global analysis and geometry 15 (1997), S. 277-297 
    ISSN: 1572-9060
    Schlagwort(e): mean curvature ; $$r$$ -mean curvature ; sphere ; stability ; stable
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We deal with compact hypersurfaces immersed in space forms with constant $$r$$ -mean curvature. They are critical points for a variational problem. We show they are stable if and only if they are geodesic spheres, generalizing results on constant curvature hypersurfaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 49 (1997), S. 35-54 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Schlagwort(e): dynamical systems ; stability ; pseudo orbit tracing property ; nonstandard analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is known that it is not possible to introduce C0 -structural stability for whole systems in topological dynamics. Using the methods of Nonstandard Analysis, we suggest four different purely topological stability concepts for dynamical systems on compact subsets of Rn. Classically these amount to considering the space of all systems on a given subset of Rn as the fundamental entity when deforming a continuous system (instead of the space of all continuous systems as is normally done in topological dynamics). For two of the introduced stability concepts, we will show that all minimal flows are stable in this sense. Besides this, we will show that one of our stability concepts is related to what is called the pseudo orbit tracing property in a recently published book by Aoki and Hiraide and compare some of our results to the theory of dynamical systems as presented there.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 67 (1997), S. 181-204 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Schlagwort(e): Hamiltonian systems ; symplectic mappings ; normal forms ; resonances ; stability ; three degrees of freedom
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We analyze four-dimensional symplectic mappings in the neighbourhood of an elliptic fixed point whose eigenvalues are close to satisfy a third-order resonance. Using the perturbative tools of resonant normal forms, the geometry of the orbits and the existence of elliptic or hyperbolic one-dimensional tori (fixed lines) is worked out. This allows one to give an analytical estimate of the stability domain when the resonance is unstable. A comparison with numerical results for the four-dimensional Hénon mapping is given.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 69 (1997), S. 271-281 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Schlagwort(e): restricted three-body problem ; libration points ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The existence and stability of triangular libration points in the relativistic restricted three-body problem has been studied. It is found that L4,5 are unstable in the whole range 0 ≤ µ ≤ 1/2 in contrast to the classical restricted three-body problem where they are stable for 0 〈 µ 〈 µ0, where µ is the mass parameter and µ0 = 0.03852....
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 69 (1997), S. 317-330 
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Schlagwort(e): artificial satellite ; Nekhoroshev's theory ; normal form ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigate the significance of long time stabilty predictions in the light of Nekhoroshev's theory by studying the orbits of artificial satellites. As a simplified model problem we consider the so-called J2problem for an earth's satellite, neglecting luni-solar perturbations and nonconservative effects. We consider a wide range of orbits, excluding those which are too close to the critical inclination. Most of the orbits turn out to be stable for times larger than the estimated age of the solar system, thus proving that, as far as dissipation can be neglected, stability in Nekhoroshev's sense may be effective for physically realistic systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 67 (1997), S. 447-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Schlagwort(e): Key words rotation ; stability ; energy criterion ; variational analysis ; functional analysis ; eigenvalue problem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Summary Stability of a heavy rotating rod with a variable cross section is studied by energy method. Bifurcation points for the system of equilibrium equations are analyzed. It is shown that for the case when the rotation speed exceeds the critical one, the trivial solution ceases to be the minimizer of the potential energy, so that rod loses stability, according to the energy criteria. Also, a new estimate of the maximal rod deflection in the post-critical state is obtained.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Fusarium ; F. moniliforme ; grain ; Lesotho ; mating population ; Nigeria ; taxonomy ; Zimbabwe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Several Fusarium species have been found associated with millet and sorghum in Nigeria, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. Amongst these, some isolates were originally identified as short- and long-chained types of F. nygamai. However, there was some question as to the correct identification of the long chained types. This study reclassified some of the isolates with long microconidial chains as F. moniliforme. Morphologically, these strains do not produce chlamydospores like F. nygamai, but produce swollen hyphal cells or resistant hyphae. The isolates in this study were crossed with the mating-type tester strains of Gibberella fujikuroi (F. moniliforme and G. nygamai (F. nygamai). Of the isolates with long chains of microconidia and other characteristics of F. moniliforme, 36% crossed with mating population ''A'' of G. fujikuroi. Of the isolates with characteristics of F. nygamai, 65% crossed with the testers used to produce the teleomorph of F. nygamai. Mating tests support the separation of the sample population into F. moniliforme and F. nygamai. The results of this study show that genetics can be an aid in resolving some problems in fungal taxonomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 375-378 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Candida novakii ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two strains of an undescribed species of the genus Candida were isolated from decaying wood of Quercus sp. A description of the new species Candida novakii is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 29-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): phylogeny ; prosthecobacter ; taxonomy ; Verrucomicrobia ; Verrucomicrobiae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four strains of nonmotile, prosthecate bacteria were isolated in the 1970s and assigned to the genus Prosthecobacter. These strains were compared genotypically by DNA/DNA reassociation and 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analyses. Genotypic comparisons were complemented with phenotypic characterizations. Together, these studies clearly indicate each Prosthecobacter strain represents a novel species of bacteria. We propose three new species of Prosthecobacter, P. dejongeii strain FC1, P. vanneervenii strain FC2, and P. debontii strain FC3; P. fusiformis is reserved for the type strain of the genus, strain FC4. Additionally, we propose the genera Prosthecobacter and Verrucomicrobium, currently members of the order Verrucomicrobiales, to comprise a novel higher order taxonomic group, the division Verrucomicrobia div. nov. and the class Verrumicrobiae class nov. Many novel members of the Verrucomicrobia, as revealed by molecular ecology studies, await isolation and description.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 149-158 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): keratinophilic fungi ; Neoarachnotheca ; Neoarachnotheca keratinophila ; Nannizziopsis tropicalis ; Onygenales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Neoarachnotheca is proposed as a new genus of Onygenales. The outstanding generic characteristics are white, spherical ascomata with a wall formed by a network of hyphae and spherical, subhyaline ascospores with an irregular sheath. Nt. keratinophila, the type species, characterized by wavy peridial hyphae has been isolated from marine and river sediments and Myriodontium keratinophilum is its anamorph. Nannizziopsis tropicalis is proposed as a new species based on a strain isolated from soil in Burundi. RFLPs analysis of ITS and 5.8S rDNA support these proposals. The differences with related genera are discussed.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 88 (1997), S. 691-711 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Quasicrystals ; nonperiodic tilings ; classical lattice-gas models ; ground states ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We give strong evidence that noncrystalline materials such as quasicrystals or incommensurate solids are not exceptions, but rather are generic in some regions of phase space. We show this by constructing classical lattice-gas models with translation-invariant finite-range interactions and with a unique quasiperiodic ground state which is stable against small perturbations of two-body potentials. More generally, we provide a criterion for stability of nonperiodic ground states.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Schlagwort(e): Biological control ; insects ; pathogens ; germination ; taxonomy ; genetic variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) are of economic importance worldwide. In Europe, Amaranthus retroflexus is one of the ten weed species of greatest economic importance. It is a serious problem weed in several field crops (e.g. maize), as well as in vegetables, orchards and grape vines. It is an annual spreading by seeds which have a long viabilityand are dispersed principally by wind and water, but also by machinery. There is great variability in seed germination which renders control with post-emergence herbicides difficult. In addition, triazine herbicide-resistant populations occur in ten European countries. The aim of this subproject of COST action 816 is to investigate the possibilities of classical and inundative biological control of Amaranthus spp., to characterize potentialbiological control agents and to develop methods for their integration with current phytosanitary measures in the target crops. The project was initiated with an extended literaturesurvey followed by field surveys for insects and pathogens associated with Amaranthus spp. in several European countries. Promising isolates of fungal pathogens have been tested ondetached leaves and whole plants, and initial studies on the application of pathogens causing damping off in seedlings have been made. Further, the variability of different provenances ofAmaranthus spp. in response to fungal attack has been investigated
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 20 (1997), S. 131-155 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Schlagwort(e): robot adaptive control ; basis function-like networks ; stability ; discrete variable structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Stable neural network-based sampled-data indirect and direct adaptivecontrol approaches, which are the integration of a neural network (NN)approach and the adaptive implementation of the discrete variable structurecontrol, are developed in this paper for the trajectory tracking control ofa robot arm with unknown nonlinear dynamics. The robot arm is assumed tohave an upper and lower bound of its inertia matrix norm and its states areavailable for measurement. The discrete variable structure control servestwo purposes, i.e., one is to force the system states to be within the stateregion in which neural networks are used when the system goes out of neuralcontrol; and the other is to improve the tracking performance within the NNapproximation region. Main theory results for designing stable neuralnetwork-based sampled data indirect and direct adaptive controllers aregiven, and the extension of the proposed control approaches to the compositeadaptive control of a flexible-link robot is discussed. Finally, theeffectiveness of the proposed control approaches is illustrated throughsimulation studies.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 19 (1997), S. 411-436 
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Schlagwort(e): assembly planning ; stability ; robot ; forward ; operations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The paper presents an approach to sequence planning consisting in determining assembly sequences defined in terms of mating and non-mating operations and based on a dynamic expansion of the assembly tree obtained using a knowledge base management system. The planner considers the case of a single-robot assembly workcell. The use of stability and the detailed definition of sequences also by means of several non-mating operations are shown to be powerful instruments in the control of the tree expansion. Forward assembly planning has been chosen, in order to minimize the number of stability checks. Backtracking is avoided by combining precedence relations and stability analysis. Hard and soft constrains are introduced to drive the tree expansion. Hard constraints are precedence relations and stability analysis. All operations are associated to costs, which are used as soft constraints. The operation based approach enables one to manage even non-mating operations and to easily overcome the linearity constraint. Costs enable the planner to manage the association among tools and components. The first section of the paper concerns Stability Analysis that is subdivided into Static and Dynamic Stability Analysis. The former is mainly involved in analyzing gravity effects; the latter is mainly involved in evaluate inertia effects due to manipulation. Stability Analysis is implemented in a simplified form. Fundamental assumptions are: no rotational equilibrium condition is considered; for each reaction force only direction and versus, but not magnitude, are considered; friction is neglected. The second section discusses the structure of the planner and its implementation. The planner is a rule based system. Forward chaining and hypothetical reasoning are the inference strategies used. The knowledge base and the data base of the system are presented and the advantages obtained using a rule based system are discussed. The third section shows two planning examples, showing the performance of the system in a simple case and in an industrial test case, the assembly of a microwave branching filter composed of 26 components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 49 (1997), S. 1501-1507 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): calcium sulphide ; gypsum ; oxidation ; phosphogypsum ; reduction ; stability ; thermogravimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Using a heating rate of 2°C min−1, CaS reacts with oxygen in air from 700°C to form CaSO4, with a complete conversion at 1100°C. Synthesis of CaS from the reaction between CaSO4 containing compounds and carbon compounds in air would not be possible, as the carbon reacts from 600°C with oxygen in the air to give CO2. Heating stoichiometric amounts of carbon and pure CaSO4, synthetic gypsum or phosphogypsum in a nitrogen atmosphere, results in the formation of CaS from 850°C. Using a heating rate of 10°C min−1, the formation of CaS is completed at 1080°C. Addition of 5% Fe2O3 as a catalyst lowers the starting temperature of the reaction to 750°C. Activation energy values at different fraction reaction values (α) differ between 340 and 400 kJ mol−1. The relationship between the activation energy values and conversion (α) indicates that the reaction proceeds via multiple steps.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): DSC ; NMR ; 8-quinolinol compounds ; TG-DTG ; stability ; thermal decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Solid M-Ox compounds, whereM represents Mg(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and NbO(III), and Ox is 8-quinolinol, have been prepared. Thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared absorption spectra (IR) have been used to characterize and to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of these compounds.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 807-814 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): DTA ; stability ; substituted InF3 glasses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The thermal properties and devitrification behaviour of substituted InF3 glasses were studied by means of differential thermal analysis. A comparison of various simple quantitative methods to assess the level of stability of multicomponent fluoride glass systems was also made. Most of these methods are based on critical temperatures. In this paper, a new parameter,k d(T), is introduced to the stability criteria. The stabilities of several substituted InF3 glasses were evaluated experimentally and correlated with the activation energies of crystallization via this new kinetic criterion and compared with those evaluated by other criteria.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): heart mitochondria ; lability ; muscle mitochondria ; oxidative phosphorylation ; stability ; taurine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We modified the isolation procedure of muscle and heart mitochondria. In human muscle, this resulted in a 3.4 fold higher yield of better coupled mitochondria in half the isolation time. In a preparation from rat muscle we studied factors that affected the stability of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) and found that it decreased by shaking the preparation on a Vortex machine, by exposure to light and by an increase in storage temperature. The decay was found to be different for each substrate tested. The oxidation of ascorbate was most stable and less sensitive to the treatments. When mitochondria were stored in the dark and the cold, the decrease in oxidative phosphorylation followed first order kinetics. In individual preparations of muscle and heart mitochondria, protection of oxidative phosphorylation was found by adding candidate stabilizers, such as desferrioxamine, lazaroids, taurine, carnitine, phosphocreatine, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox-C and ruthenium red, implying a role for reactive oxygen species and calcium-ions in the in vitro damage at low temperature to oxidative phosphorylation. In heart mitochondria oxphos with pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine was most labile followed by glutamate, succinate and ascorbate.We studied the effect of taurine, hypotaurine, carnitine, and desferrioxamine on the decay of oxphos with these substrates. 1 mM taurine (n = 6) caused a significant protection of oxphos with pyruvate, glutamate and palmitoylcarnitine, but not with the other substrates. 5 mM L-carnitine (n = 6), 1 mM hypotaurine (n = 3) and 0.1 mM desferrioxamine (n = 3) did not protect oxphos with any of the substrates at a significant level. These experiments were undertaken in the hope that the in vitro stabilizers can be used in future treatment of patients with defects in oxidative phosphorylation. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 61–66, 1997)
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 523-527 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): UF membranes ; alumina ; zirconia coating ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract For improving chemical and thermal stability of γ -Al2O3 membranes boehmite (AlOOH) sol-particles are coated with Zr4+-species with two techniques. These techniques are heterogeneous precipitation (HP-method) and “surface-reaction-followed-by-polycondensation” (SRPC-method). A continuous coating layer is formed at relative low Zr4+-concentration, about one monolayer coverage of boehmite particles, and with the HP-method. For larger concentrations and for the SRPC-method small particles (order 1 nm) of Zr4+-species are formed on the surface of the boehmite particles. After drying and calcination up to 1000°C no continuous layer of a zirconia phase could be detected for all samples. However the thermal stability of the porous structure is improved. Phase transitions of alumina occur at temperatures of 1100°C and the porous structure of the membrane material is then destabilized.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 523-527 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Schlagwort(e): UF membranes ; alumina ; zirconia coating ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract For improving chemical and thermal stability of γ-Al2O3 membranes boehmite (AlOOH) sol-particles are coated with Zr4+-species with two techniques. These techniques are heterogeneous precipitation (HP-method) and “surface-reaction-followed-by-polycondensation” (SRPC-method). A continuous coating layer is formed at relative low Zr4+-concentration, about one monolayer coverage of boehmite particles, and with the HP-method. For large concentrations and for the SRPC-method small particles (order 1 nm) of Zr4+-species are formed on the surface of the boehmite particles. After drying and calcination up to 1000°C no continuous layer of a zirconia phase could be detected for all samples. However the thermal stability of the porous structure is improved. Phase transitions of alumina occur at temperatures of 1100°C and the porous structure of the membrane material is then destabilized.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ; ecology ; Lanceispora amphibia ; mangrove ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Lanceispora amphibia gen. et sp. nov. in the Amphisphaeriaceae is described from senescent and fallen leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Southwest Islands, Japan. The fungus produces immersed ascomata in leaf tissue, cylindrical asci with an apical ring staining blue with iodine, and oblanceolate ascospores with a septum above the middle. Studies on the fungal succession on the mangrove leaves revealed thatL. amphibia infects senescent leaves on the tree and inhabits intertidal fallen leaves, showing the highest frequency of occurrence at the late stage of decomposition. In culture the optimal conditions for hyphal growth were 20 ppt salinity and 30°C, and those for sexual reproduction were 10 ppt salinity and 25°C. Growth at 0 ppt (fresh water) was depressed. The fungus has amphibious habits, growing on the tree and in intertidal water; and it is adapted to the high osmotic conditions in leaf tissues of the mangrove tree and to the subtropical, brackish water environment of mangrove forests.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Bauhinus ; Microbotryum ; taxonomy ; Ustilago ; ustomycetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A study of the type specimen ofUstilago jehudana resulted in the correction of the diagnosis. The sori are localized in the host gynoecium but not in the anthers. Morphological characters of the sori and ustospores of the later describedU. moenchiae-manticae are identical with these ofU. jehudana. Ustilago moenchiae-manticae is reduced here to a synonym ofU. jehudana. The smut is reported as new to Bulgaria on a new host, viz.,Moenchia erecta. A new combination,Bauhinus jehudanus, is proposed.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 176-187 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Schlagwort(e): Spherical surface ; pseudospectral method ; vorticity equations ; stability ; convergence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The pseudospectral method for solving vorticity equations on spherical surface is discussed. An interpolation procedure, which is different from the usual ones, is proposed. Based on such an interpolation, the pseudospectral scheme is constructed. Its generalized stability and convergence are analyzed rigorously. The theoretical analysis and computational skills can also be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations defined on spherical surface.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 55-69 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): discomycetes ; ITS rDNA phylogeny ; morphology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The systematics ofScleromitrula andVerpatinia of the family Sclerotiniaceae is reevaluated on the basis of morphological, cultural and molecular criteria.Scleromitrula shiraiana, Verpatinia species andCiborinia candolleana share gross morphological, microanatomical and cultural features which clearly distinguish them from the closely relatedCiborinia andRutstroemia species. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S gene) of nuclear ribosomal DNA demonstrate that the stipitate-capitate specimens ofScleromitrula andVerpatinia species plus the stipitate-cupulateCiborinia candolleana constitute a monophyletic clade separate from a clade including the type species ofCiborinia. Scleromitrula is emended to includeS. shiraiana, the new speciesS. rubicola, C. candolleana, and specimens formerly assigned toVerpatinia. A key to the accepted species ofScleromitrula is provided.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 71-73 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Ceratobasidiaceae ; Japan ; taxonomy ; Ypsilonidium bananisporum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ypsilonidium bananisporum sp. nov. belonging to Ceratobasidiales is described and illustrated. This fungus has all the characteristics of the genusYpsilonidium including reticulate-hypochnoid basidiomes, broad hyphae branching at right angles, broadly clavate basidia with two sterigmata, and basidiospores germinating by repetition. It differs from all hitherto known species in the genus by producing suballantoid to banana-shaped basidiospores, measuring 19.5–22×5.5–6 μm.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Israel ; Mycomycetes ; Physarales ; Stemonitales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ten taxa of myxomycetes growing mainly withEucalyptus, oak and pine are described. They were found in Upper Galilee, Mt. Carmel and Central parts of the country and all are new to Israel.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): hyphomycetes ; identification ; taxonomy ; Tuberculariaceae ; Tuberculariales
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Mycoleptodiscus terrestris from black pepper roots in the Dominican Republic is described together with some notes and photomicrographs.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 429-431 
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): coelomycete ; Japan ; Microsphaeropsis rugospora ; soil fungus ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract In an exploratory survey of soil-borne mitosporic fungi as producers of secondary metabolites useful to the pharmaceutical industry, a pale yellow pycnidial coelomycete was encountered and isolated on potato-dextrose agar. The fungus was characterized as follows: rapid growth on common media, conidiomata which are non-pulvinate, semi-immersed to immersed, nearly globose, glabrous, with a slightly papillate ostiole; pale yellowish brown, translucent, membranaceous peridium; discrete, ampulliform, monophialidic conidiogenous cells; and onecelled, dark brown, globose, thick-walled, rugose conidia which germinate very easily. In accordance with this profile, our isolate is included in the genusMicrosphaeropsis Höhnel. (Morgan-Jones, 1974a, b; Sutton, 1977, 1980; Morgan-Jones and White, 1987; Heiny et al., 1992; Katumoto, 1992). However, it proved to be sufficiently different from all described species ofMicrosphaeropsis to warrant its description as a new species.
    Notizen: Abstract A new species ofMicrosphaeropsis (Sphaeropsidales, Coelomycetes),M. rugospora, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by its rapid growth on common media such as oatmeal and potato-carrot agars; semi-immersed to immersed, nearly globose, papillate pycnidias; pale yellowish brown, translucent, membranaceous peridium; monophialidic, ampulliform conidiogenous cells; and one-celled, dark brown, globose conidia ornamented with distinct tubercles. The holotype was isolated from the cultivated soil in Tanegashima Island, southern Japan.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Rosaceae ; Rosa sect.Caninae ; Systematics ; taxonomy ; genetic variation ; hemisexual ; apomixis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Difficulties in delimiting well-defined entities in the dogroses (Rosa sect.Caninae) has resulted in very variable taxonomic treatments. The present study was undertaken to provide a background for taxonomy as well as plant breeding. Morphometric diversity was analysed on seedlings obtained from field collections in South Sweden of three species,Rosa dumalis, R. rubiginosa andR. villosa. A canonical variates analysis showed that the three species are relatively distinct whereas two subspecies ofR. dumalis were less well discriminated. Analyses of variance demonstrated that intraspecific variation is pronounced inR. dumalis and, to a lesser extent, inR. villosa.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 241-264 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Boraginaceae ; Boragineae ; Anchusella ; A. variegata ; A. cretica ; Lycopsis ; Anchusa ; Mediterranean flora ; macromorphology ; micromorphology ; karyology ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The two closely related speciesLycopsis variegata andAnchusa cretica, formerly placed inAnchusa subg.Rivinia, were compared with the type species ofLycopsis andAnchusa, on the basis of a set of macro and microcharacters. The presence of only two fertile stamens as well as other peculiar characters in flower structure, androecium, gynoecium, pollen and fruit, supports the institution of the new genusAnchusella, consisting ofA. variegata andA. cretica. Karyological and eco-chorological aspects are consistent with morphological data in pointing to the autonomy of this genus, which appears characterized by autapomorphic, advanced traits.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia faba ; V. kalakhensis ; Seed albumins ; HPLC ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Previously reported electrophoretic seed albumin data have shown an unexpected association ofVicia faba withV. kalakhensis. In the present work, seed albumins ofV. faba (subsp.paucijuga and subsp.faba) were compared with those ofV. kalakhensis using ionexchange (IE) and reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two subspecies ofV. faba displayed similar seed albumin profiles. On the other hand, seed albumin profiles ofV. faba andV. kalakhensis showed no major protein peak in common either in IE-HPLC or RP-HPLC chromatograms. The reported differences in seed albumin composition ofV. faba andV. kalakhensis are consistent with other taxonomical data showingV. faba to be genetically distant from the wild relatives.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Plant systematics and evolution 208 (1997), S. 239-248 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fabaceae ; Vicia ; sect.Hypechusa ; sect.Peregrinae ; Electrophoresis ; seed albumins ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This work is a continuation of electrophoretic investigations aimed at revealing a wild relative ofVicia faba. Electrophoretic analysis (PAGE) of seed albumins covered 52 accessions representing eightVicia species of sect.Hypechusa and two species of sect.Peregrinae. Most of the examined species showed an intraspecific variation due to differences between accessions and/or individual variation within accessions. In spite of the intraspecific variation, marked interspecific differences were recorded. However, none of the investigated species displayed electrophoretic seed albumin patterns similar to those reported earlier forV. faba. Contribution of the obtained results to characterization of the examined taxa is discussed.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Acta mechanica Sinica 13 (1997), S. 366-376 
    ISSN: 1614-3116
    Schlagwort(e): vibro-impact ; stability ; multiplicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The coexisting periodic impacting motions and their multiplicity of a kind of dual component systems under harmonic excitation are analytically derived. The stability condition of a periodic impacting motion is given by analyzing the propagation of small, arbitrary perturbation from that motion. In numerical simulations, the periodic impacting motions are classified according to the system states before and after an impact. The numerical results show that there exist many types of vibro-impacts and the bifurcation of periodic vibro-impacts is not smooth.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Numerical algorithms 14 (1997), S. 343-359 
    ISSN: 1572-9265
    Schlagwort(e): progressive interpolation ; stability ; spline ; shape parameters ; geometric continuity ; 41A05 ; 41A15 ; 65D05 ; 65D07
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we study several interpolating and smoothing methods for data which are known “progressively”. The algorithms proposed are governed by recurrence relations and our principal goal is to study their stability. A recurrence relation will be said stable if the spectral radius of the associated matrix is less than one. The iteration matrices depend on shape parameters which come either from the connection at the knots, or from the nature of the interpolant between two knots. We obtain various stability domains. Moving the parameters inside these domains leads to interesting shape effects.
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  • 42
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    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 423-433 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; stability ; rain-forest ; logging ; fragmentation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract By comparing results from studies on the response of bird communities to selective logging and fragmentation of tropical moist forest and assessing whether different local faunas are differently affected, this paper examines whether communities in areas of unstable ecoclimatic histories may be more robust to change than those which evolved in places which were paleoecologically stable. Studies on selective logging in Asia and forest fragmentation in Latin America do not confidently demonstrate differences in the resilience of bird communities between stable and unstable areas. However, studies of selective logging and forest fragmentation in Africa give much stronger evidence for differences in fragility of local avifaunas, which correspond to what would be predicted from the paleoecological stability. Unfortunately, the currently available studies do not provide a basis for rigorous testing of the hypothesis. Comparison is constrained by lack of suitable controls, incomparable census methods, inadequate description of the disturbance regimes, and differences in the intensity of disturbance. It is suggested that well coordinated studies in many different areas, with good and standardized documentation of many habitat variables, may have considerable importance.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Acta mathematicae applicatae sinica 13 (1997), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1618-3932
    Schlagwort(e): Inverse problem ; hyperbolic equations ; eigenvalue problem ; spectral function ; integral kernel ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the inverse boundary value problem of the hyperbolic system of first-order differential equations is discussed. The estimate of the solution and the quantitative analysis about its stability are obtained, and some stability criteria are established.
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
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    Aquatic ecology 31 (1997), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): Daphnia ; microcosm ; three compartment microecosystem ; threshold food concentration ; stability ; state space
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A microecosystem consisting of three subsystems roughly representing the trophic levels of autotrophs, herbivores and decomposers was developed. A recirculating flow of water connected the three subsystems. Analysis of the data over a period of 7500 days indicates that the system has remained in the same state and has the prospect of being ‘immortal’. The Daphnia population showed periods of large oscillations, but also long periods of almost constant numbers. External factors were responsible for the initiation of the oscillations. The threshold food level for population increase was lower than mostly is found for individual growth, indicating adaptation to low food concentrations.
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
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    Discrete event dynamic systems 7 (1997), S. 209-232 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Schlagwort(e): Stochastic recurrence equations ; performance evaluation ; ergodicity ; stability ; subadditive ergodic theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper deals with the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic dynamics of discrete event systems. In this paper we focus on a wide class of models arising in several fields and particularly in computer science. This class of models may be characterized by stochastic recurrence equations in ℝK of the form T(n+1) = φ n+1(T(n)) where φ n is a random operator monotone and 1—linear. We establish that the behaviour of the extremas of the process T(n) are linear. The results are an application of the sub-additive ergodic theorem of Kingman. We also give some stability properties of such sequences and a simple method of estimating the limit points.
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of scientific computing 12 (1997), S. 361-369 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Schlagwort(e): Alternating-direction implicit ; difference scheme ; stability ; convergence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract A new alternating-direction implicit (ADI) scheme for solving three-dimensional parabolic differential equations has been developed based on the idea of regularized difference scheme. It is unconditionally stable and second-order accurate. Further, it overcomes the drawback of the Douglas scheme and is to be very well to simulate fast transient phenomena and to efficiently capture steady state solutions of parabolic differential equations. Numerical example is illustrated.
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of scientific computing 12 (1997), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Schlagwort(e): Transport models ; shallow water ; splitting methods ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigate the use of splitting methods for the numerical integration of three-dimensional transport-chemistry models. In particular, we investigate various possibilities for the time discretization that can take advantage of the parallelization and vectorization facilities offered by multi-processor vector computers. To suppress wiggles in the numerical solution, we use third-order, upwind-biased discretization of the advection terms, resulting in a five-point coupling in each direction. As an alternative to the usual splitting functions, such as co-ordinate splitting or operator splitting, we consider a splitting function that is based on a three-coloured hopscotch-type splitting in the horizontal direction, whereas full coupling is retained in the vertical direction. Advantages of this splitting function are the easy application of domain decomposition techniques and unconditional stability in the vertical, which is an important property for transport in shallow water. The splitting method is obtained by combining the hopscotch-type splitting function with various second-order splitting formulae from the literature. Although some of the resulting methods are highly accurate, their stability behaviour (due to horizontal advection) is quite poor. Therefore we also discuss several new splitting formulae with the aim to improve the stability characteristics. It turns out that this is possible indeed, but the price to pay is a reduction of the accuracy. Therefore, such methods are to be preferred if accuracy is less crucial than stability; such a situation is frequently encountered in solving transport problems. As part of the project TRUST (Transport and Reactions Unified by Splitting Techniques), preliminary versions of the schemes are implemented on the Cray C98 4256 computer and are available for benchmarking.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of scientific computing 12 (1997), S. 353-360 
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Schlagwort(e): Alternating-direction implicit ; difference scheme ; stability ; convergence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract A generalized Peaceman–Rachford alternating-direction implicit (ADI) scheme for solving two-dimensional parabolic differential equations has been developed based on the idea of regularized difference scheme. It is to be very well to simulate fast transient phenomena and to efficiently capture steady state solutions of parabolic differential equations. Numerical example is illustrated.
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  • 49
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    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 7 (1997), S. 309-323 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Schlagwort(e): relaxation labeling processes ; consistency ; growth transformations ; Liapunov functions ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We present some new results which definitively explain thebehavior of the classical, heuristic nonlinear relaxation labelingalgorithm of Rosenfeld, Hummel, and Zucker in terms of theHummel-Zucker consistency theory and dynamical systems theory. Inparticular, it is shown that, when a certain symmetry condition is met,the algorithm possesses a Liapunov function which turns out to be (thenegative of) a well-known consistency measure. This follows almostimmediately from a powerful result of Baum and Eagon developed in thecontext of Markov chain theory. Moreover, it is seen that most of theessential dynamical properties of the algorithm are retained when thesymmetry restriction is relaxed. These properties are also shown tonaturally generalize to higher-order relaxation schemes. Someapplications and implications of the presented results are finallyoutlined.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Schlagwort(e): adaptive behaviour ; community dynamics ; functional response ; regulation ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A comparatively recent focus in consumer–resource theory has been the examination of whether adaptive foraging by consumers, manifested through the functional response, can stabilize consumer–resource dynamics. We offer a brief synthesis of progress on this body of theory and identify the conditions likely to lead to stability. We also fill a gap in our understanding by analysing the potential for adaptively foraging herbivores, which are constrained by time available to feed and digestive capacity, to stabilize dynamics in a single-herbivore/two-plant resource system. Because foraging parameters of the adaptive functional response scale allometrically with herbivore body size, we parameterized our model system using published foraging data for an insect, a small mammal and a large mammal spanning four orders of magnitude in body size, and examined numerically the potential for herbivores to stabilize the consumer–resource interactions. We found in general that the herbivore–plant equilibrium will be unstable for all biologically realistic herbivore population densities. The instability arose for two reasons. First, each herbivore exhibited destabilizing adaptive consumer functional responses (i.e. density-independent or inversely density-dependent) whenever they selected a mixed diet. Secondly, the numerical response of herbivores, based on our assumption of density-independent herbivore population growth, results in herbivores reaching densities that enable them to exploit their resource populations to extinction. Our results and those of studies we reviewed indicate that, in general, adaptive consumers are unlikely to stabilize the dynamics of consumer–resource systems solely through the functional response. The implications of this for future work on consumer–resource theory are discussed.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; Ostracoda ; China ; ancient lakes ; saline lakes ; biogeography ; checklist ; Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli n.sp.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli n.sp. isdescribed from the Chinese Lake Erhai, a freshwaterlagoon of the ancient saline lake Qinghai. The speciesbelongs to the acuminata-group of the genus andis characterized by the shape of both male and femalevalves and by the morphology of the female genitallobe and of lobe ‘a’ in the hemipenis. The new speciesis quite rare in its type locality and might beendemic to the ancient Qinghai basin. A checklist ofRecent non-marine Chinese ostracods is offered inappendix.
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  • 52
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    Hydrobiologia 365 (1997), S. 33-46 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Phylogeny ; cladistics ; taxonomy ; systematics ; classification ; evolution ; history ; chronicle ; Nemertea ; Hoplonemertea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract I review how some influential nemertean systematistshave perceived and illustrated phylogenetic trees andargue that the nineteenth century nemerteantaxonomists still influence many contemporarynemertean taxonomists to a high degree. By showing hownineteenth century systematics differs from moremodern views on trees, I hope to convey the advantagesof a cladistic approach to tree-thinking and nemerteansystematics. Furthermore I propose a systematizationof the Eureptantia that illustrates the cladisticapproach to tree-thinking but, more importantly, isalso a better representation of eureptantic phylogenythan previous classifications.
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  • 53
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    Hydrobiologia 356 (1997), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Lecanidae ; N.E. India ; Tripura ; taxonomy ; distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Thirty-five species of the family Lecanidae are examined from Tripura state in North-Eastern India. Of these, Lecane levistyla and L. scutata are interesting cold-water forms; L. batillifer is an Australasian element; L. acanthinula and L. sinuata are Oriental endemics and L. braumi, L. lateralis and L. simonneae are palaeotropical species. The lecanid fauna also includes the pantropical L. thienemanni and L. sola while the remainder are cosmopolitan and tropicopolitan elements.
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  • 54
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    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Branchiopoda ; Branchinella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; India
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa) was long considered a widely, though disjunctly, distributed species occurring from Japan through eastern Asia to southern India. Attempts by Raj (1951, 1961) to make the Indian populations a new variety (B. k. var. madurai) on the basis of antennal and frontal appendage morphology and on its distribution pattern, were considered unconvincing by later authors. Our new comparison of Japanese and Indian specimens has revealed several differences. The resting egg shells of B. kugenumaensis from Japan have irregular polygonal fields; whereas, the shells of the Indian taxon have lip-like units covered with spinules. Furthermore, there are lobes lateral to the basal penes in the Indian specimens that are lacking in the Japanese taxon. As well as differences in antennal and frontal appendage morphology. These differences correspond with previous illustrations of populations from both geographic regions and lead us to consider Raj's proposed subspecies as a valid species. This brings the number of accepted species in the genus Branchinella to 34. More specimens will need to be evaluated from the area between India and Japan to determine if B. maduraiensis is endemic to the Indian subcontinent or is more broadly distributed on the Asian mainland.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 360 (1997), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; ecology ; caves ; Chydoridae ; Slovenia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Alona stochi n.sp., a third blind cave-dwellingcladoceran from the Dinaric region, was found onseveral occasions in a small cave 30 km south-east ofLjubljana (Slovenia). It is related to Alonahercegovinae Brancelj, 1990 and A. sketiBrancelj, 1992. Several characters suggest that itbelongs to a primitive group within the genus Alona.A. stochi was found in a 'semi-cave' environment, accompanied by a cave-associated fauna(Amphibia: Proteus anguinus, Decapoda: cf. Troglocaris schmidti, Copepoda: Troglodiaptomussketi, Diacyclops tantalus, charon,Elaphoidella stammeri).
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
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    Hydrobiologia 360 (1997), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; Anomopoda ; Moinidae ; Moina ephemeralis ; taxonomy ; cladocerans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Moina ephemeralis n.sp. is described from SouthSlovakia. It belongs to the Moinagouldeni-lipini group. Together with Moinamacrocopa (Straus, 1820) it is the second specieswith a 2-egged ephippium from Central Europe. Thespecies was recorded in the plankton of a highlyeutrophic fish pond.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cladocera ; chydoridae ; taxonomy ; Mexico ; aloninae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Spinalona anophtalma n. gen. n. sp. is describedon parthenogenetic and ephippial females andmales from material collected in a temporary lagoonlocated in the Neovolcanic Province from Mexico at analtitude of 2507 m above sea level. It ischaracterized by a strong armature of the antenna,postabdomen and postabdominal claw, no compound eyeor ocellus, the exopod of thoracic limb IIIwith only four setae and that of P5 with only three setae.This new taxon has no relationwith blind Alona from hypogean habitats.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): marine nematodes ; Draconematidae ; Bathychaetosoma ; taxonomy ; revision ; phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The family Draconematidae is reviewed. Diagnoses of all taxa are updated or emended, basedupon an evaluation of diagnostic features. Aphylogenetic analysis at the genus level based onparsimony suggested that Tenuidraconema belongsto the Draconematinae. A new genus Bathychaetosoma is erected to accomodate B.uchidai (Kito, 1983). It is characterized by acephalic region with a smooth, non-thickened cuticleand numerous cephalic adhesion tubes located posteriorto the head region and extending over more than twohead diameters along the cervical region.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Diaptomidae ; Copepoda ; Calanoida ; taxonomy ; Allodiaptomus rarus n.sp. ; Thailand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A brief taxonomic review is made of the diaptomid copepods of Thailand. The updated list contains 21 species; the records of some species, however, are unreliable. Neodiaptomus botulifer Kiefer, N. yangtsekiangensis Mashiko, and Allodiaptomus calcarus Shen & Tai are redescribed. The extensive morphologic variability observed in N. botulifer casts serious doubt on the validity of Neodiaptomus malaindosinensis Lai & Fernando; hence the synonymy of these two species is discussed. It is clarified that Lai & Fernando (1981) and others had erroneously identified and/or described N. yangtsekiangensis and A. calcarus as Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelbel) and Neodiaptomus mephistopheles Brehm, respectively, and that the occurrence of the latter two species in Thailand is hardly likely. Mongolodiaptomus uenoi (Kikuchi) and Heliodiaptomus elegan Kiefer are reported for the first time from Thailand. Also included in this paper is an illustrated description of a new species, Allodiaptomus rarus n.sp., which is closely related to A. calcarus Shen & Tai.
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  • 60
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    Hydrobiologia 365 (1997), S. 149-156 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Nemertea ; North America ; taxonomy ; Micrura leidyi ; Fragilonemertes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An elongate, pencil-shaped, burrowing heteronemerteanthat fragments readily is commonly encountered in clamflats and sometimes in sandy beaches of the NewEngland states. It is usually a reddish color, bearsa caudal cirrus, and has been routinely recorded asMicrura leidyi. Histological examination ofdeep red to reddish purple individuals proved them tobe intertidal specimens of the normally deep waterTarrhomyos luridus. Living pink to redindividuals could be divided into two groups on thebasis of color pattern, but were indistinguishablehistologically. Comparison with Micrurafasciolata, the type species of the genus,showed morphological differences that do not representinterspecific variation, but indicate a separategeneric placement.
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  • 61
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    Journal of dynamical and control systems 3 (1997), S. 291-319 
    ISSN: 1573-8698
    Schlagwort(e): 34D15 ; 34E15 ; 34A60 ; 93C73 ; 93D20 ; 49N99 ; Singular perturbation ; differential inclusion ; control systems ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We study the continuity properties of the bundle of solutions to a differential inclusion subject to a singular perturbation, i.e., with respect to a scalar parameter ɛ multiplying a part of the derivatives. We give conditions under which every solution of the singularly perturbed inclusion is close, in a certain sense and for a sufficiently small ɛ, to a solution of the degenerate inclusion obtained for ɛ=0. These conditions include both stability and structural requirements (the later having no counterpart in the case of a differential equation). The main result obtained generalizes the well-known Tikhonov theorem for singularly perturbed differential equations.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): growth hormone ; stability ; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) ; microencapsulation ; degradation ; sustained release
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. The development of a sustained release formulation for recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) as well as other proteins requires that the protein be stable at physiological conditions during its in vivo lifetime. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres may provide an excellent sustained release formulation for proteins, if protein stability can be maintained. Methods. rhGH was encapsulated in PLGA microspheres using a double emulsion process. Protein released from the microspheres was assessed by several chromatrographic assays, circular dichroism, and a cell-based bioassay. The rates of aggregation, oxidation, diketopiperazine formation, and deamidation were then determined for rhGH released from PLGA microspheres and rhGH in solution (control) during incubation in isotonic buffer, pH 7.4 and 37°C. Results. rhGH PLGA formulations were produced with a low initial burst (〈20%) and a continuous release of rhGH for 30 days. rhGH was released initially from PLGA microspheres in its native form as measured by several assays. In isotonic buffer, pH 7.4 and 37°C, the rates of rhGH oxidation, diketopiperazine formation, and deamidation in the PLGA microspheres were equivalent to the rhGH in solution, but aggregation (dimer formation) occured at a slightly faster rate for protein released from the PLGA microspheres. This difference in aggregation rate was likely due to the high protein concentration used in the encapsulation process. The rhGH released was biologically active throughout the incubation at these conditions which are equivalent to physiological ionic strength and pH. Conclusions. rhGH was successfully encapsulated and released in its fully bioactive form from PLGA microspheres over 30 days. The chemical degradation rates of rhGH were not affected by the PLGA microspheres, indicating that the internal environment of the microspheres was similar to the bulk solution. After administration, the microspheres should become fully hydrated in the subcutaneous space and should experience similar isotonic conditions and pH. Therefore, if a protein formulation provides stability in isotonic buffer, pH 7.4 and 37°C, it should allow for a safe and efficacious sustained release dosage form in PLGA microspheres.
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  • 63
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    Pharmaceutical research 14 (1997), S. 606-612 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): hIGF-I ; benzyl alcohol ; preferential interaction ; stability ; preservative
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. The solubility and physical stability of human Insulin-like Growth Factor I (hIGF-I) were studied in aqueous solutions with different excipients. Methods. The solubility of hIGF-I was determined by UV-absorption and quantification of light blocking particles. The physical stability of hIGF-I was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results. Human IGF-I precipitated at low temperature in the presence of 140 mM benzyl alcohol and 145 mM sodium chloride. CD data showed that the tertiary structure of hIGF-I during these conditions was perturbed compared to that in 5 mM phosphate buffer. In the presence of benzyl alcohol 290 mM mannitol stabilized hIGF-I. Sodium chloride or mannitol by themselves had no effect on either the solubility or the tertiary structure. Benzyl alcohol was attracted to hIGF-I, whereas sodium chloride was preferentially excluded. The attraction of benzyl alcohol was reinforced by sodium chloride leading to salting-out of hIGF-I. The CD-data indicated interactions of benzyl alcohol with phenylalanine in hIGF-I. Thermal denaturation of hIGF-I occurred in all solutions with sodium chloride, whereas mannitol or benzyl alcohol had no effect on the thermal stability. The thermal stability of hlGF-I was thus decreased in 145 mM sodium chloride although it was excluded from hIGF-I. Conclusions. The self-association and thermal aggregation of hIGF-I is driven by hydrophobic interactions. Benzyl alcohol is attracted to hIGF-I and induces changes in the tertiary structure causing hydrophobic attraction of the protein at low temperatures.
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  • 64
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    Plant systematics and evolution 204 (1997), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Saxifragaceae s. l. ; Eremosyne pectinata ; rbcL sequence analysis ; chloroplast DNA ; molecular systematics ; phylogenetic analysis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Earlier analyses ofrbcL sequences clarified phylogenetic relationships of 16 of 17 subfamilies ofSaxifragaceae s. l. This study investigates the affinities of the monotypicEremosynoideae, the only subfamily ofSaxifragaceae s. l. not examined previously forrbcL sequence variation. Our analyses suggest thatEremosyne is only distantly related to core members ofSaxifragaceae s. l. (i.e.Saxifragoideae = Saxifragaceae s. str.); it is allied instead with members ofAsteridae. A particularly close relationship is indicated betweenEremosyne andEscallonia, another traditional member ofSaxifragaceae s. l. that also appears as part ofAsteridae. Inclusion ofEremosyne withinAsteridae is in agreement with embryology, as well as with 18S rDNA sequence data.
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  • 65
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    Plant systematics and evolution 205 (1997), S. 265-287 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Verbenaceae ; Lamiaceae ; Iridoid glucosides ; cladistic analysis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The familiar limits ofVerbenaceae are controversial, ranging from a sensu lato arrangement of seven subfamilies until a sharply defined sensu stricto group consisting of only some genera from subfam.Verbenoideae. Iridoid contents of genera belonging toVerbenaceae s. l. were examined through a cladistic analysis, using outgroup analysis to evaluate character polarity within the ingroup. The cladogram obtained shows the distribution of the species according to their iridoid content.
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  • 66
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    Journal of economics 66 (1997), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): diffusion of innovations ; Walrasian equilibrium ; stability ; O31
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract When all products in the economy are weak gross substitutes, preferences are homothetic, and firms face menu costs then all prices in an industry move together at the same rate. In the closed-loop Nash noncooperative equilibrium, all firms invest in productivity and reduce real prices. As a result, in the case of quadratic menu costs, the outputs of industries and the economy go up along S-shaped time paths characteristic of diffusion of innovations.
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  • 67
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    Journal of economics 66 (1997), S. 271-282 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): Stackelberg model ; dynamic oligopoly ; stability ; C62 ; C73 ; D43
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We investigate the (dynamic) stability of a stackelberg oligopoly model of a market of a homogeneous good, with output competition, one Stackelberg leader and a number of identical followers. We assume that each firm incurs quadratic production-adjustment costs if it changes its output. We present a simple necessary and sufficient condition for stability of the model. Using the condition, we compare the stability of this model with the stability of two related Cournot models in which all firms present are followers. It turns out that the Stackelberg model is “more stable” than these two Cournot models.
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  • 68
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    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 53-62 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; AMMI ; cereals ; genotype-environment interaction ; joint regression ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Joint regression and Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) models were compared for i) capacity of describing genotype-location (GL) and genotype-environment (GE) interaction effects (environments = location-season combinations), assessed in terms of estimated variance of heterogeneity of genotype regressions and of the sum of the variances of significant interaction principal component (PC) axes, and ii) repeatability between cropping seasons of measures of genotype stability across locations. These measures were Finlay and Wilkinson's regression coefficient for joint regression, and the Euclidean distance from the origin of significant interaction PC axes (D) and the absolute value of PC 1 score (| PC 1 |) for AMMI. Shukla's stability variance (σsup2;) was considered in addition. The study included three data sets for durum wheat, two for maize and one each for bread wheat and oat. Relationships between climatic variables and GL interaction occurrence were also assessed. AMMI proved distinctly more valuable in six data sets for description of GE effects and in four for description of GL effects over seasons. Its superiority was not crop-specific and tended to occur when more, distinct environmental constraints affected genotype responses. When both methods were appropriate, they provided a similar ordination of sites and genotypes for GL effects. The models that adequately described GL interaction over seasons generally provided also stability measures that were moderately repeatable between seasons. D was better repeatable than | PC 1 | and σ& 2; in a few cases. Ordination of locations on GL interaction PC 1 tended to be consistent both between wheat and between maize data sets having either no seasons or no genotypes in common.
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  • 69
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 63-72 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): Europe ; lateral key ; Lolium ; morphology ; multivariate analysis ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract 88 herbarium specimens of the genus Lolium were scored for 22 characters, comprising 7 vegetative, 8 inflorescence and 7 seed characters. The aim was to review the species relationship and to produce a lateral key to the genus. The data were analysed using principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis and cluster analysis. All analyses separated L. perenne, L. multiflorum and L. temulentum from each other. The 2 varieties of L. rigidum showed varying degrees of separation from each other and from L. multiflorum. Their distinction as a species and as 2 varieties is discussed. L. perenne and L. rigidum were shown to contain the greatest similarity between species and L. temulentum was found to be the most distinct. A lateral key is proposed that separates the species on the basis of 11 morphological characters that are easily scored in the field.
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  • 70
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 199-209 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): geographical distribution ; natural populations ; taxonomy ; variability ; Vicia sativa agg.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological differences and ecogeographical characteristics of five species from Vicia sativa agg. in the area of former USSR were investigated. The key to V. sativa agg. species and subspecies as well as maps of their areals are presented. A complementary study of polymorphism at the phenotypical level of 58 local weedy and wild populations from different geographical regions was conducted to determine areas with higher variability of morphological characters used for intraspecific taxonomy and cultivar identification. The regions of greatest interest for curators and collectors of V. sativa agg. germplasm are some regions of Transcaucasus (Nagornyi Karabakh, Talysh range, Lenkoran valley) and South of Crimea.
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  • 71
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    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 411-428 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): conservation ; ecogeography ; herbarium specimens ; leguminosae ; taxonomy ; vicia narbonensis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract An ecogeographical analysis of the V. narbonensis complex and V. bithynica was conducted using herbarium specimens and genebank accessions. 956 specimens were included in the study from 26 herbaria, with geographical and ecological data recorded for each specimen. A distribution map of each taxa was produced, and the geographical and ecological preferences of each taxa were analysed and discussed. The taxa with the widest distribution were found to be V. narbonensis, V. bithynica and V. johannis, and the rarest taxa were V. galilaea var. galilaea and V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca. The complex includes three endemic species; V. hyaeniscyamus, V. kalakhensis and V. eristalioides. The complex as a whole, was most frequently collected from grasslands, as a weed in cultivated fields and in wasteland. It showed a strong preference for calcareous soils. It was found that the quality of the passport data varied widely, but that in general the specimens from more recent collections included more detailed passport data. Herbarium specimens are invaluable in ecogeographic studies as the information obtained can be used as a guide for future collecting missions and in determining areas of importance when collecting material for conservation. Finally as the whole plant is available, the identification of each specimen can be checked.
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  • 72
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    Environmental biology of fishes 48 (1997), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Ob River ; Lena River ; Yenisey River ; Kolyma River ; Indigirka River ; Lake Baikal ; taxonomy ; subspecies ; range ; pollution ; histological anomalies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A detailed analysis of the historical and contemporary range of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii, shows that the contemporary status of its populations and forms can be described as threatened or endangered. Recently, the abundance of the nominal subspecies, A. b. baerii, which inhabits mainly the Ob River basin, decreased sharply. Due to construction of hydroelectric dams, up to 40% of the spawning grounds became inaccessible for migrating sturgeon of this subspecies. The Lake Baikal subspecies, A. baerii baicalensis, is extremely rare and was included in the Russian Federation Red Data Book in 1983. The abundance of the east Siberian subspecies, A. baerii stenorrhynchus, inhabiting the basins of the east Siberia rivers, has also significantly decreased during the last few years. Its range in the Yenisey and Lena River basins is gradually being reduced. Gametogenesis is anomalous in a high number of females from all populations of this subspecies (in the Kolyma and Indigirka river stocks 80–100% of females were anomalous in 1987–1989). These anomalies seem to be caused by high levels of water pollution.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): Ateles geoffroyi ; chromosome painting ; cytogenetics ; evolution ; phylogeny ; Platyrrhini ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We hybridized human chromosome-specific DNA probes to metaphases of the New World monkey Ateles geoffroyito map the chromosomal homology between these two species. In the haploid Ateles geoffroyi karyotype the total number of signals was 51 for the 22 human autosomal probes used. Compared with Old World monkeys, the number of translocations found in the black-handed spider monkey karyotype was quite striking. The majority of these translocations are apparently Robertsonian and no reciprocal translocations were revealed. Nine autosomal human chromosome probes (11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) provided only two signals each per metaphase, but six of these were translocated to subregions of different spider monkey chromosomes. The other 13 autosomal human chromosome paints (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16) provided fragmented signals. Three human probes (5, 8, 10) provided signals located on two pairs of spider monkey chromosomes. Four human paints (2, 3, 4, 12) provided hybridization signals on three pairs of chromosomes. Probes 6, 7, 15 provided six signals each on two pairs of chromosomes; probe 16 gave eight signals on two pairs of spider monkey chromosomes and probe 1 gave 12 signals on four pairs of chromosomes. The synteny between segments to human 18/8 appears to be an apomorphic ancestral condition for all New World monkeys. A synteny between regions homologous to human 16/10, 5/7 and 2/16 HSA is probably an apomorphic ancestral condition for all Cebidae. The syntenic association 3/15 and 4/1 is an apomorphic condition for the Atelinae.
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  • 74
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    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 101-111 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Anostraca ; taxonomy ; limb structure ; Chirocephalus ; Turkey
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chirocephalus ponticus n.sp. (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Turkey is described. The new species is characterized by the form of the second antenna and the frontal appendages of the male. This species seems to be related to C. turkestanicus Daday. Furthermore, analysis of limb structure reveals differences between the three Chirocephalus species previously known from Turkey: C. paphlagonicus, C. vornatscheriand C. diaphanus. New localities for these species are reported.
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  • 75
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    Hydrobiologia 344 (1997), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Keratella sinensisn.sp. ; taxonomy ; Rotifera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new species of planktonic rotifer, Keratella sinensis n.sp.is described from Lake Yaoquan, Heilongjiang, P.R. China. Itprobably also occurs in the Republic of Korea and Japan. The newmorphospecies is characterised by an unusually smooth lorica, andstrongly reduced lateral anterior spines. It is the first exampleof a planktonic freshwater rotifer, endemic to North EastAsia.
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  • 76
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    Hydrobiologia 356 (1997), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): cyclopoid copepod ; taxonomy ; micro-characters ; freshwater ; Japan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Five cyclopoid species of the subfamily Cyclopinae, Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops dissimilis, M. ruttneri, Thermocyclops crassus and T. taihokuensis are described from small ponds in Kyushu, with attention being paid to micro-characters, such as spinules on the appendages. Two forms of C. vicinus were distinguished based on the segmentation of the antennule and the patterns of spinules on the antenna. The diagnostic characters of M. dissimilis in the original description are unusual for our specimens but the differences are considered as variations of the species.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 362 (1997), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Cladocera ; Thailand ; taxonomy ; distribution ; Leydigiopsis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Examination of 200 samples from 93 freshwater habitats in north-eastThailand revealed 60 taxa of Cladocera, of which 31 are new to the Thaifauna. Six species (Disparalona caudata Smirnov; Leydigialaevis Gurney; Leydigiopsis sp.; Macrothrix flabelligeraSmirnov; Macrothrix cf. paulensis Sars; and Pseudosidaramosa Daday) are new to Asia. The majority of the Cladocera recorded arecircumtropical species. Comments and figures are presented on several ofthe new records for Asia and Thailand.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): Key words HCO-10 ; vesicles ; encapsulation ; stability ; solubilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract  The characteristics of poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated caster oil ether (HCO-10) vesicles were studied for the standpoints of encapsulation efficiency, stability, solubilization and permeability or barrier efficiency. The vesicles of 5% HCO-10 had 6.24% of calcein-entrapment efficiency and 240 nm of mean diameter. The stability of HCO-10 vesicle suspensions was dependent on their concentrations. In the vesicle suspensions of 10% HCO-10 or more, both the size of the vesicles and the fluidity of the suspensions obviously varied with incubation time, indicating that a flocculation occurred; whereas, the vesicle suspension of 5% HCO-10 was relatively stable. The solubilization process of HCO-10 vesicles by SDS was similar to that of EggPC liposomes. The rate constants for permeation of Cl ion and calcein were 2.46×10-3 s-1 and 5.79×10-5 s-1, respectively, suggesting that HCO-10 vesicles possessed some barrier potential for Cl ion and calcein although they were smaller than those of liposomes. Furthermore, the efflux of the solute such as calcein from HCO-10 vesicles was maximum at 37 °C, where the vesicle membrane was presumably destabilized by dehydration of EOs in HCO-10 molecules.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 105 (1997), S. 38-40 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): α-haematite hydrosols ; stability ; urea ; ionic adsorption sequence ; water structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of urea on the stability of α-haematite hydrosols in the presence of various monovalent ions was studied on each side of the pzc (pH 8.2) by measurements of the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of the hydrosol. It was observed that for pHs lower than the pzc, the effect of urea depends strongly on the nature of coagulating ion and on the pH:The CCC values of IO 3 − increases with urea concentrations but those of ClO 4 − and Cl− decreases. For pHs higher than the pzc, an inversion of the cationic adsorption sequence was observed. This behavior is in a good agreement with the well-known action of urea on the structure of water and also with the general property of the α-haematite water interface.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 367-383 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Schlagwort(e): Viscoelastic flow ; arrays of cylinders ; stability ; porous media
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Low Reynolds number flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic Boger fluids past periodic square arrays of cylinders with a porosity of 0.45 and 0.86 has been studied. Pressure drop measurements along the flow direction as a function of flow rate as well as flow visualization has been performed to investigate the effect of fluid elasticity on stability of this class of flows. It has been shown that below a critical Weissenberg number (Wec), the flow in both porosity cells is a two-dimensional steady flow, however, pressure fluctuations appear above Wec which is 2.95±0.25 for the 0.45 porosity cell and 0.95±0.08 for the higher porosity cell. Specifically, in the low porosity cell as the Weissenberg number is increased above Wec a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs. However, in the high porosity cell a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a steady three-dimensional flow consisting of periodic cellular structures along the length of the cylinder in the space between the first and the second cylinder occurs while past the second cylinder another transition to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs giving rise to time- dependent cellular structures of various wavelengths along the length of the cylinder. Overall, the experiments indicate that viscoelastic flow past periodic arrays of cylinders of various porosities is susceptible to purely elastic instabilities. Moreover, the instability observed in lower porosity cells where a vortex is present between the cylinders in the base flow is amplifieds spatially, that is energy from the mean flow is continuously transferred to the disturbance flow along the flow direction. This instability gives rise to a rapid increase in flow resistance. In higher porosity cells where a vortex between the cylinders is not present in the base flow, the energy associated with the disturbance flow is not greatly changed along the flow direction past the second cylinder. In addition, it has been shown that in both flow cells the instability is a sensitive function of the relaxation time of the fluid. Hence, the instability in this class of flows is a strong function of the base flow kinematics (i.e., curvature of streamlines near solid surfaces), We and the relaxation time of the fluid.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 367-383 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Viscoelastic flow ; arrays of cylinders ; stability ; porous media
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Low Reynolds number flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic Boger fluids past periodic square arrays of cylinders with a porosity of 0.45 and 0.86 has been studied. Pressure drop measurements along the flow direction as a function of flow rate as well as flow visualization has been performed to investigate the effect of fluid elasticity on stability of this class of flows. It has been shown that below a critical Weissenberg number (We c ), the flow in both porosity cells is a two-dimensional steady flow, however, pressure fluctuations appear above We c which is 2.95±0.25 for the 0.45 porosity cell and 0.95±0.08 for the higher porosity cell. Specifically, in the low porosity cell as the Weissenberg number is increased above We c a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs. However, in the high porosity cell a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a steady three-dimensional flow consisting of periodic cellular structures along the length of the cylinder in the space between the first and the second cylinder occurs while past the second cylinder another transition to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs giving rise to time- dependent cellular structures of various wavelengths along the length of the cylinder. Overall, the experiments indicate that viscoelastic flow past periodic arrays of cylinders of various porosities is susceptible to purely elastic instabilities. Moreover, the instability observed in lower porosity cells where a vortex is present between the cylinders in the base flow is amplified spatially, that is energy from the mean flow is continuously transferred to the disturbance flow along the flow direction. This instability gives rise to a rapid increase in flow resistance. In higher porosity cells where a vortex between the cylinders is not present in the base flow, the energy associated with the disturbance flow is not greatly changed along the flow direction past the second cylinder. In addition, it has been shown that in both flow cells the instability is a sensitive function of the relaxation time of the fluid. Hence, the instability in this class of flows is a strong function of the base flow kinematics (i.e., curvature of streamlines near solid surfaces), We and the relaxation time of the fluid.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Aureobasidium pullulans ; black yeasts ; exopolysaccharides ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud is known to synthesize the exopolysaccharide pullulan, a poly-α-1,6-maltotriose. Nine strains were found to produce additional aubasidan-like EPS, i.e. glucans with α-1,4-D-, β-1,6-D- and β-1,3-D-glycosidic bonds. These strains had previously been found to deviate in genotypic characters. Additional physiological differences were found: the optimal nitrogen source for exopolysaccharide production in liquid medium was NaNO3 for aubasidan-producing strains, and (NH4)2SO4 for the remaining strains. A new variety, A. pullulans var. aubasidani Yurlova, is described for the strains producing aubasidan-like components. The new variety can be distinguished from A. pullulans var. pullulans by the absence of assimilation of methyl-α-D-glucoside and lactose.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (1997), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): fatty acids ; lipid composition ; Schizosaccharomycetales ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this study, the lipid fractions i.e. neutral (NL), phospho-(PL) and glycolipids (GL) with associated fatty acids (FAs) of 54 strains, representing the Schizosaccharomycetales, were analyzed during stationary growth phase and compared. Trace amounts of linoleic acid (18:2) were present in most of the strains representing Schizosaccharomyces. An increased percentage 18:2 was observed in the PL fraction when compared to the NL fraction. This is possibly related to membranes requiring polyunsaturated FAs for fluidity. On the basis of the percentage oleic acid (18:1) and 18:2 FAs in the different lipid fractions, the Schizosaccharomycetales can clearly be divided into two groups i.e. Group 1 (represented by the genus Hasegawaea) comprising strains producing relatively large amounts of 18:2 and relatively low amounts of 18:1 when compared to Group 2 (represented by the genus Schizosaccharomyces comprising Schizosaccharomyces octosporus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe). These results are in accordance with 18S and 26S rRNA base sequence analyses and emphasize the difference between the genera Hasegawaea and Schizosaccharomyces. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, it was found that these strains were all capable of producing gamma-linolenic acid. This further emphasizes the uniqueness of this order in the Dikaryomycota.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): meristematic fungi ; black yeasts ; oligotrophic fungi ; taxonomy ; physiology ; ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two strains of a new species of meristematic fungi, described as Phaeotheca triangularis, were isolated from moisteners of air-conditioning systems. The species is believed to be related to dothideaceous black yeasts. Its morphology, ultrastructure and nutritional physiology are reported.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 297-305 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Hormonema ; black yeasts ; meristematic fungi ; Dothideales ; physiology ; PCR-ribotyping ; ultrastructure ; taxonomy ; ecology ; phyllosphere ; Canary Islands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Two black yeast isolates from plants from the Canary Islands (Spain) are described and illustrated. Absence of Woronin bodies at simple septal pores, local coralloid terminal hyphal cells, indeterminate thallus maturation, the presence of budding cells and local conversion to meristematic growth all indicate a relationship to the Dothideaceae (Dothideales, Ascomycota). Morphological properties were consistent with the genus Hormonema Lagerberg & Melin, as defined by presence of percurrent conidiogenous loci alongside undifferentiated hyphae, and results of PCR-ribotyping supported this classification. The isolates were judged to belong to a hitherto undescribed species, characterized in particular by curved conidia soon developing transverse septa. The physiological profile of this species is also described.
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): black yeasts ; microcolonial fungi ; taxonomy ; microbial damage ; stone monuments ; marble
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new meristematic black yeast species, Sarcinomyces petricola, is described. All strains known to date were isolated from sun-exposed marble in the Mediterranean basin. On the basis of PCR-ribotyping and nutritional physiology, the species is classified as an anamorph member of the ascomycete family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales).
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Methanococcoides ; Methanohalophilus ; taxonomy ; 16S-rRNA gene sequence ; specific oligonucleotide probe
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A sequence analysis of the 16S-rRNA of Methanococcoides euhalobius revealed that this organism was highly related to members of the genus Methanohalophilus. On the basis of sequence data, an oligonucleotide probe specific to Methanohalophilus species was designed. Hybridization studies with this probe confirmed close relationship of Methanococcoides euhalobius to Methanohalophilus species. Therefore, we propose that Methanococcoides euhalobius should be transferred to the genus Methanohalophilus as Methanohalophilus euhalobius.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): phylogeny ; taxonomy ; rock fungi ; MCF ; meristematic fungi ; Coniosporium ; Sarcinomyces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Coniosporium perforans and C. apollinis, orginating from marble in the Mediterranean basin, are described as new species of rock inhabiting microcolonial fungi. The morphologically similar species Monodictys castaneae (Wallr.) S. Hughes, Phaeosclera dematioides Sigler et al., and a Coniosporium-like strain are compared using 18S rDNA phylogeny and Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer regions. Sarcinomyces crustaceus Lindner is additionally compared on the basis of 18S rDNA sequencing data. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Phaeosclera dematioides is related to the ascomycetous order Dothideales and Monodictys castaneae to the Pleosporales, whereas the three Coniosporium species studied are a sister group to the Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales). A similar affinity was suggested previously for the recently described meristematic rock-fungus Sarcinomyces petricola Wollenzien & de Hoog. Sarcinomyces crustaceus appears unrelated to this group, and hence the present new taxa cannot be described in this genus.
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 87 (1997), S. 1145-1164 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Fisher-Kolmogorov equation ; traveling fronts ; fixed points ; population dynamics ; bifurcations ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations for the process (D) $$A + B \to 2A,B + C \to 2B,C + A \to 2C$$ are extended to include the counteracting reactions (R) $$A + 2B \to 3B,B + 2C \to 3C,C + 2A \to 3A$$ which have a reaction rate α relative to the direct process (D). This process can be seen as a three-component version of the reaction which is described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation. The fixed points of the equations are studied as a function of α. It is shown that the equations admit solutions which consist of a series of traveling fronts. Other solutions exist which are traveling periodic waves. A very remarkable fact is that for these waves exact expressions can be constructed.
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): Erianthus ; genetic distance ; genomic RAPD-PCR ; germplasm evaluation ; sugarcane ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Saccharum (= Erianthus) native to North America is an untapped germplasm for genetic improvement of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). There are five species and two varieties native to North America: S. alopecuroideum, S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe vars. brevibarbe and contortum, S. coarctatum, and S. giganteum. There are three cytotypes of S. giganteum (2n = 30, 60, 90), and they overlap in gross morphology. Our objectives were to compare genetic diversity of North American and Old World members of Saccharum. Bulked DNA for five North American species, three Old World Erianthus spp. sect. Ripidium clones, and five sugarcane cultivars was tested by PCR with 13 RAPD primers. A total of 283 repeatable RAPD bands was scored for the nine taxa. Genetic distance coefficients ranged from 0.365 to 0.767 indicating substantial diversity among taxa. Taxa were assigned to one of three cluster groups: 1) S. baldwinii, S. brevibarbe var. contortum, S. coarctatum, and S. giganteum 2n = 90; 2) S. gig anteum 2n = 30 and 2n = 60, S. alopecuroideum, and sugarcane cultivars; and 3) Old World Erianthus spp. The RAPD analysis indicated that sugarcane was genetically more similar to North American Saccharum than it was to Old World Erianthus. This was unexpected given that North American Saccharum is geographically, cytologically, morphologically, and possibly reproductively isolated from Old World Erianthus and sugarcane. The data support the taxonomic separation of cytotypes of S. giganteum.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): classification ; genetic resources ; Oryza ; RAPD ; taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract RAPD analysis was carried out using 93 accessions held within the Oryza collection in the Genetic Resource Center at IRRI. These accessions had been designated as O. meridionalis, O. glumaepatula, O. nivara or O. rufipogon on the basis of the identification of the original collector although in some cases these had been subjected to subsequent taxonomic revision. Following numerical analysis of the RAPD data, we propose that five of the forty accessions designated as O. meridionalis and four of the 22 accessions designated as O. glumaepatula have been mis-identified. The relationship between accessions designated as O. nivara and O. rufipogon is complex, although it appears that some mis-identification has also occurred for these two taxa. The results indicate that RAPD technology can be used as a fast and accurate method to assist in the validation of the identification of wild Oryza species.
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): cluster analysis ; cultivar identification ; electrophoresis ; isozyme ; Rosa spp ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In order to study the polymorphism of the enzyme systems of rose cultivars, experimental conditions were determined to simultaneously extract three systems: esterase (EST), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which gave up to 9, 7 and 9 bands, respectively. The influence of environmental conditions on the polymorphism level was taken into account. Finally, the computation of the Jaccard distances from the distribution of the isozyme bands led to the improvement of the identification process within an Ancient Rose cultivar collection.
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; endemism ; stability ; conservation ; proceedings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Although levels of biological diversity may seem to be equivalent in different areas, diversity is created and maintained by a range of different ]processes: overlap of habitat on gradients; a dynamic mosaic of communities; and accumulation and evolution of taxa in extremely stable areas. These different communities will respond in very different ways to disturbance. The most fragile are those whose component taxa are genetically adapted to the stability of a predictable environment. These areas are often under pressure from local rural populations and require intensive local conservation management actions. In other areas, where diversity is adapted to dynamism, communities are more resilient to disturbance and conservation can be best effected by policy instruments.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Schlagwort(e): CHO cells ; DHFR ; IGFBP-1 ; stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Stable expression of human insulin-like growth factor of binding protein-1 (hIGFBP-1)at high levels has been achieved in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by co-transfection and subsequent co-amplification of expression vectors containing the hIGFBP-1 cDNA and a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA gene into DHFR-deficient cells. Stepwise selection of the DHFR+ transformants in increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) generated cells which had high copy numbers of the hIGFBP-1 gene (around 100 copies in cells amplified in medium containing 100 nM MTX). Expression of hIGFBP-1 in mixed clones was found to increase with increasing copy number and an apparent correlation between intra- and extracellular levels of hIGFBP-1 produced by these cells was observed. It was further observed that continuous cultivation over eight months in medium supplemented with 100 nM MTX increased the production of hIGFBP-1 25 times. The productivity did not increase further after five more months cultivation in MTX containing medium. A subcloning of this cell line gave clones with an even higher productivity. Further amplification in 500 nM or 1 uM MTX did not increase the hIGFBP-1 production.
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 325-346 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): Tropical Africa ; speciation ; stability ; diversity ; forests
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A widely accepted paradigm for speciation in tropical forests, the refuge theory, requires periodic habitat fragmentation driven by global climatic fluctuations to provide conditions for allopatric speciation. This implies that comparative species richness in refugia is due to loss of diverse communities in areas affected by climatic cycles. In this study we compare distribution patterns of bird and plant taxa which we consider to be of either deep phylogenetic lineages or recent radiations. It is demonstrated that lowland areas which have been postulated as Pleistocene refugia are dominated by species which represent lineages of pre-Pleistocene age. Since variations in species richness within these forest tracts reflect currently apparent environmental variables which might be considered to determine carrying capacity, we do not need to postulate that richness is the result of changes in forest cover in the past. Recently diversified taxa of plants and birds are found mainly at the periphery of the main rain forest blocks and in habitat islands outside them. Here, peak concentrations of young restricted-range species are often congruent with clusters of old and biogeographically relictual species. It is suggested that this reflects special intrinsic environmental properties of these areas, in the form of long-term environmental stability caused mainly by persistent orographic rain or mist. In this case, richness is not necessarily due to extinction outside these areas. Stability not only enables survival of relictual taxa, but also promotes morphological differentiation of radiating taxa, leading to aggregates of taxa of restricted distribution.
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 633-637 
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; taxonomy ; Chile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Chilean taxonomic community is reduced, with the largest fraction of taxonomists devoted to well known groups, such as vertebrates. Some invertebrates and plant taxa have no Chilean taxonomist working on them, all factors that hamper the inventory of the Chilean biota.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): stability ; ionic strength ; pH ; critical micelle concentration ; self-micellization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. PNU-67590A is a water-soluble micellar prodrug of methyl-prednisolone (MP). The major products of degradation of PNU-67590A are MP by hydrolysis and methylprednisolone 17-suleptanate (17-E) by 21 → 17 acyl migration. The effect of ionic strength on micelle formation and stability of PNU-67590A in aqueous solution was examined. Methods. PNU-67590A solutions at pH 2 and 8 and ionic strength of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M were maintained at 25°C in the dark to measure MP and 17-E levels over time. Results. The rate of degradation of micellar PNU-67590A at pH 8 was less than that of monomeric PNU-67590A, and vice versa at pH 2. Increase in ionic strength decreased both the critical micelle concentration of PNU-67590A and the degradation of micelle PNU-67590A at both pHs, resulting in improved overall stability of PNU-67590A. Conclusions. Formulation of PNU-67590A in a concentrated solution with high ionic strength will maximize stability and shelf-life.
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of optimization theory and applications 93 (1997), S. 635-638 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Schlagwort(e): Polynomial theory ; robustness ; Kharitonov theorem ; stability ; Hurwitz polynomials ; inverse Kharitonov problem ; Rouché theorem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The problem of the robust stability of a Hurwitz polynomial which is the characteristic polynomial of a discrete-time linear time-invariant system is investigated. A new approach based on the Rouché theorem of classical complex analysis is adopted. An interesting sufficient condition for robust stability is derived. Three examples are included to support the theoretical result.
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 27 (1997), S. 85-96 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): ST1435 ; stability ; high performance liquid chromatography ; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin ; hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin ; β-cyclodextrin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of cyclodextrins (CDs) on the chemical stability of the contraceptive steroid progestin, ST1435, in aqueous solution has been studied using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The effects of CD structure, temperature, and CD concentration on the rate of degradation were investigated. It was found that the drug degraded to different extents following a pseudo-first order reaction mechanism. The presence of the host molecules affected the degradation rate as a result of complexation which might result in protection of the labile moiety of the drug molecule against degradation. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin (HE-β-CD) retarded the degradation in contrast to β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) which accelerated the steroid degradation. The stabilizing action of HP-β-CD is larger than that of HE-β-CD. The degradation rate increased upon increasing temperature and the Arrhenius equation is valid. Lineweaver-Burk equation analysis indicated that the steroid included inside the CD cavity degraded three times more slowly than did the free ST1435 in solution. This equation further supported the formation of a 1 : 1 inclusion complex between ST1435 and HP-β-CD with a stability constant of 934.5 M-1 at 65°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of elasticity 48 (1997), S. 218-239 
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Schlagwort(e): stability ; nonlinear elasticity ; Mooney-Rivlin material ; incompressible material ; thick-walled tube
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The problem of instability of a hyperelastic, thick-walled cylindrical tube was first studied by Wilkes [1] in 1955. The solution was formulated within the framework of the theory of small deformations superimposed on large homogeneous deformations for the general class of incompressible, isotropic materials; and results for axially symmetrical buckling were obtained for the neo-Hookean material. The solution involves a certain quadratic equation whose characteristic roots depend on the material response functions. For the neo-Hookean material these roots always are positive. In fact, here we show for the more general Mooney–Rivlin material that these roots always are positive, provided the empirical inequalities hold. In a recent study [2] of this problem for a class of internally constrained compressible materials, it is observed that these characteristic roots may be real-valued, pure imaginary, or complex-valued. The similarity of the analytical structure of the two problems, however, is most striking; and this similarity leads one to question possible complex-valued solutions for the incompressible case. Some remarks on this issue will be presented and some new results will be reported, including additional results for both the neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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