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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 82-90 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Phosphate ; Precipitation ; Kinetics ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La cinétique de la formation et de la transformation des précipités de phosphate de calcium, obtenus en mélangeant de volumes égaux de solutions à 6×10−3 M de calcium total et/ou phosphate total est étudiée à 25°C. Les solutions de phosphate sont préajustées à un pH de 7.4. Les changements de pH et de turbidité des solutions sont suivis simultanément en fonction du temps. Les précipités sont isolés à des intervalles de temps variables et caractérisés par diverses méthodes physico-chimiques. Initialement un précipité avec un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.5, amorphe aux rayons X et en diffraction électronique, est formé. Le spectre IR indique la présence de PO 4 3− et de HPO 4 2− . Après une période métastable, on observe la précipitation d'un matériel cristallin dans ou sur la phase amorphe. Vingt quatre heures après préparation de l'échantillon les précipités présentent surtout les caractères du phosphate octocalcique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Bildung und Transformation von Calciumphosphat-Niederschlägen wurde bei 25°C untersucht. Es wurden dazu gleiche Volumen von Lösungen gemischt, bei einer Konzentration von 6×10−3M totales Calcium und/oder totales Phosphat. Die Phosphatlösungen wurden zuerst auf pH 7,4 eingestellt. Veränderungen des pH und Trübung der Lösungen wurden gleichzeitig als eine Funktion der Zeit aufgezeichnet. Niederschläge wurden in verschiedenen Zeitintervallen isoliert und mit verschiedenen physiko-chemischen Methoden charakterisiert. Am Anfang wurde ein Niederschlag mit einem molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,5, im Röntgenbild und in der Elektronendiffraktion amorph, gebildet. Infrarotspektren deuteten die Anwesenheit von PO 4 3− - und HPO 4 2− -Ionen an. Nach einer metastabilen Periode erfolgte ein Niederschlag aus kristallinem Material innerhalb oder auf der amorphen Substanz. 24 Std nach der Herstellung der Proben zeigten die Niederschläge in der Hauptsache die Charakteristiken von Octocalciumphosphat.
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of the formation and transformation of calcium phosphate precipitates obtained by mixing equal volumes of solutions, 6×10−3 M in total calcium and/or total phosphate was investigated at 25°. The phosphate solutions were preadjusted to pH 7.4. Changes of the pH and turbidity of the solutions were followed simultaneously as a function of time. Precipitates were isolated at various time intervals and characterized by different physicochemical methods. Initially a precipitate with a molar Ca/P ratio of 1.5, amorphous to X-ray and electron diffraction was formed. IR spectra indicated the presence of PO 4 3− and HPO 4 2− ions. After a period of metastability, precipitation of a crystalline material within or upon the amorphous matter occurred. Twenty four hours after sample preparation the precipitates showed mainly the characteristics of octacalcium phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 171-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Amorphous ; Crystalline ; Calcium phosphate ; Chemistry ; Composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des échantillons non lavés de phosphate de calcium amorphe (ACP) contiennent une fraction labile, non remplaçable, riche en phosphate acide avec un rapport Ca/P faible: cette fraction est perdue de façon irréversible au cours du lavage. De l'ACP frais, précipité entre pH 6.6–10.6, varie dans un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.18 à 1.50 et dans un rapport HPO 4 2− /P total de 33.0% à 10.1%. A pH 7.40, de l'ACP frais a un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.36±0.02 et contient 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Les résultats obtenus avec du précipité non lavé ne peuvent s'expliquer par du Ca2+ emprisonné et de l'HPO 4 2− ou du Na+, Cl− et CO 3 2− exogènes. Les phosphates de calcium amorphes constituent une classe de sels ayant des caractères chimiques variables et des propriétés physiques identiques, comparables au verre. Le CaHPO4·xH2O non cristallin peut être un ACP, surtout au cours des phases précoces de formation. A des pH physiologiques, l'ACP se transforme en petits cristaux applatis contenant de fortes quantités de phosphate acide facilement remplaçable. Le fait de laver la couche de surface produit un changement chimique dans les nouveaux cristaux: des cristaux non lavés donnent des diagrammes de diffraction d'apatite peu cristallins, ainsi que des spectres infra-rouges peu nets, intermédiaires entre des apatites et du phosphate octocalcique. Des explications structurales sont proposées et les compositions minérales amorphe/cristalline de l'os et du cartilage sont recalculées.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Ungewaschene Proben von amorphem Calciumphosphat (ACP) enthalten eine unersetzliche labile Fraktion, welche reich an saurem Phosphat ist und ein niederes Ca/P-Verhältnis hat und welche während des Waschprozesses unwiderruflich verloren geht. Natives ACP, welches im pH-Bereich 6,6–10,6 ausgefällt wurde, variierte im molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis zwischen 1,18 und 1,50 und in HPO 4 2− /totales P zwischen 33,0 und 10,1%. Bei pH 7,40 hatte natives ACP ein molares Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,36±0,02 und enthielt 22,8 (±2,2)% HPO 4 2− . Die Werte beim ungewaschenen Niederschlag rühren weder von aus dem Überstand aufgenommenem Ca2+ und HPO2−, noch von außen kommendem Na+, Cl− und CO 3 2− her. Die amorphen Calciumphosphate werden als eine Klasse von Salzen erkannt, welche veränderliche chemische, aber identische glasartige physicochemische Eigenschaften haben. Nicht kristallines CaHPO4·xH2O kann auch ein ACP sein, besonders in den frühen Bildungsstadien. Bei physiologischem pH verwandelt sich ACP in kleine plattenförmige Kristalle, welche große Mengen von leicht ersetzbarem saurem Phosphat enthalten. Das Waschen dieser Oberflächenschicht erzeugte chemische Veränderungen in den resultierenden Kristallen; ungewaschene Kristalle zeigten ein Diffraktionsmuster, das nur schwach demjenigen des kristallinen Aspatites glich, aber ein schlecht aufgelöstes Infrarotspektrum, welches zwischen Apatit und Octocalciumphosphat war. Es werden strukturelle Erklärungen für alle diese Phenomena diskutiert, und revidierte amorph/kristalline Mineralzusammensetzungen von Knochen und Knorpel wurden neu berechnet.
    Notizen: Abstract Unwashed samples of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) contain an irreplaceable labile fraction, rich in acid phosphate and low in Ca/P ratio, which is irreversibly lost during the washing process. Native ACP precipitated in the pH range 6.6–10.6 varied in Ca/P molar ratio from 1.18 to 1.50 and in HPO 4 2− /total P from 33.0% to 10.1%. At pH 7.40, native ACP had a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.36±0.02 and contained 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Unwashed precipitate data could not be attributed to either trapped supernatant Ca2+ and HPO 4 2− or extraneous Na+, Cl−, and CO 3 2− . The amorphous calcium phosphates are recognized as a class of salts having variable chemical but identical glass-like, physicochemical properties. Non-crystalline CaHPO4·xH2O may also be an ACP, especially during early formative stages. At physiological pH, ACP transforms to small platy crystals containing large amounts of readily-replaceable acid phosphate. Washing this surface layer produced chemical alterations in the resultant crystals; unwashed crystals had poorly-crystalline apatitic diffraction patterns but exhibited poorly-resolved infrared spectra intermediate between apatite and octacalcium phosphate. Structural explanations for all these phenomena are discussed, and revised bone and cartilage amorphous/crystalline mineral compositions have been re-calculated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene and various kraft softwood lignins was studied. Expression of the results as the usual “per cent graft” was impossible, because grafting caused the lignin to become extractable in solvents for the styrene homopolymer. However, evaluation of the effects of various solvents on the degree of reaction was made through an indirect, and possibly more characteristic, measure. Grafting was least pronounced under conditions of low lignin accessibility (e.g., when less than 10% methanol was present), but increased with the addition of better lignin solvents or with higher methanol concentrations. The precipitating nature of the latter conditions was also found to contribute to an accelerated rate of grafting. Surprisingly, the graft copolymer was found to degrade at higher doses. Proof of grafting is offered in a fractionation scheme. Measurement of the molecular weight of the polystyrene separated from the lignin backbone allows the estimation of approximately one polystyrene graft per lignin molecule in benzene-extractable copolymers. Two glass transition temperatures could be detected in several fractionated copolymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Color stability in irradiated PVC may be achieved by (1) structural modification to block dehydrochlorination, (2) addition of radiation protectors, or (3) addition of radical scavengers. This study explores the latter approaches. Twenty-six compounds representing a variety of structural types were screened for their effectiveness as measured by subsequent color development. Fifteen of the compounds imparted partial or complete postirradiation stability. Possible stabilizer mechanisms are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 83-97 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The ultraviolet degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) films was studied in a photoreactor which supplied energy near 3000 Å. It was noted that the rate of degradation and color development was increased when the level of residual solvent in the cast films was increased. Two solvents were employed in the study: tetrahydrofuran and dichloroethane. The amount of residual solvent was correlated with the height of a characteristic peak at 2800 Å for tetrahydrofuran and 1900 Å for dichloroethane. Films which had very small traces of solvent showed excellent resistance to ultraviolet degradation, even in the absence of ultraviolet stabilizers. The analysis of solubility data showed that chain scission was controlling in the early stages of exposure, while crosslinking was controlling at later stages. As a result, it was not possible to apply Charlesby's treatment of radiation-induced degradation. Comparison with the results obtained by other workers for degradation at 2537 Å showed that degradation at this wavelength was much faster than degradation at 3000 Å. Furthermore, degradation at 2537 Å appeared to be controlled by crosslinking at all stages of exposure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 139-155 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In this paper we define a new structural parameter of polymers, and show how this may be employed. This parameter, for which only the structure and the density are needed, is the relative number of network bonds per unit volume; it is written Ner (basis 1 cm3), and it is used in conjunction with the average connectivity or connection number CN of the network atoms, where the word connection also refers only to network bonds. The relationship of these two numbers makes it possible to present a unified picture of all polymers, organic and inorganic, including such highly condensed networks as diamond. By plotting Ner against CN, the region in which inorganic and organic polymers occur can be seen. This is called the polymer zone, and it is evident that carbon polymers occupy only a small part of it. From this graph, an arbitrary measure of bond packing efficiency can be deduced for carbon polymers. In addition, the process of graphitization and carbonization can be followed graphically within the polymer zone. Ner is also related to certain physical properties such as bulk modulus, hardness, and cubical coefficient of expansion, which depend (among other things) on the tightness of bond arrangement. The resultant correlations can be used to predict the value of Ner required to achieve given values of these properties for the more rigid structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) has been irradiated with UV light of different wavelengths and in various atmospheres. The extent of degradation was monitored by measuring the tensile strength, molecular weight, carboxylic acid endgroups, and fluorescence emission of the polymer. The importance of wavelengths 〈315 nm in causing deterioration was demonstrated to be mainly due to strong surface absorption which results in surface crazing and ultimate fracture under stress. Irradiation in nitrogen and under vacuum were found to give similar results, but with oxygen present in the system several significant differences were observed. In nonoxidative irradiations, crosslinking and discoloration of the polymer occurred. Under oxidative conditions, chain scissions and fluorescent material build-up resulted, whereas no crosslinking and only slight discoloration was observed. The possibility of a photo-oxidation reaction has thus been suggested, involving hydroperoxide formation, to explain the discrepancy in results obtained for the two types of environments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 345-352 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The preparation of 3,3′-dichloro-5,5′-diaminobenzidine and its polymeric reaction products with pyromellitic dianhydride and 3,4,3′,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride are described. The soluble amine-acid-amide form of the polymer is stable at higher concentrations than the corresponding polymers from 3,3′-diaminobenzidine or 3,3′,4,4′-tetraaminodiphenyl ether. Infrared spectra indicate that polybenzimidazopyrrolone structure is formed after cure. The preparation and properties of films and glass-reinforced laminates prepared from the polymers are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 395-406 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A variance range analysis of the x-ray line profiles for seven cottons (native, ureatreated, and mercerized) has been carried out to get two estimates of the crystallite size from (1) the slope and (2) the variance intercept. Assuming the crystallite length of cellulose to be the same in ramie and native cottons under ideal conditions of growth, the relative fluctuation of the repeat length along the b-axis has been calculated for all the samples. This degree of paracrystalline lattice distortions is negatively correlated with the fiber bundle strength at zero gauge and appears to be the same as the imperfections referred to in the weak link theories of fiber strength. While the orientation parameters are also well correlated with strength, the degree of crystallinity does not seem to have any influence. Wilson's rigorous mathematical treatment of the number-average particle size, in relation to the two estimates from the variance slope and intercept as well as the particle size distribution, has been successfully applied for the first time to cotton fibers leading to a clearer understanding of crystallite size-strength relationship.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 449-460 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A copolymer (MW = 1800) of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MAn) was esterified with an excess amount of an alcohol mixture, and then the relation between the esterification rates of the individual alcohols and the contents of the esters in the esterific copolymer was examined. At first, the rate constant of an individual esterification was obtained for four different alcohols (n-butanol, i-amylalcohol, and benzylalcohol) in a noncatalyst system. Then, the mixed esterification of n-butanol and i-amylalcohol was carried out; from the analysis of the ester contents, the following equation was obtained: $$ {{\left[ {{\rm P}_{\rm 1} } \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left[ {{\rm P}_{\rm 1} } \right]} {\left[ {{\rm P}_{\rm 2} } \right]}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left[ {{\rm P}_{\rm 2} } \right]}} = {{k_1 \left[ {{\rm B}_{\rm 1} } \right]_0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{k_1 \left[ {{\rm B}_{\rm 1} } \right]_0 } {k_2 \left[ {{\rm B}_{\rm 2} } \right]_0 .}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {k_2 \left[ {{\rm B}_{\rm 2} } \right]_0 .}} $$ From this result, it was concluded that, in esterification with alcohols involving n species, the content of the individual ester can be expressed by the following equation: $$ {{\left[ {{\rm P}_j } \right]} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left[ {{\rm P}_j } \right]} {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left[ {{\rm P}_i } \right]} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left[ {{\rm P}_i } \right]} }} = {{k_j \left[ {{\rm B}_j } \right]_0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{k_j \left[ {{\rm B}_j } \right]_0 } {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {k_i \left[ {{\rm B}_i } \right]_0 } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {k_i \left[ {{\rm B}_i } \right]_0 } }} $$ where [P] = concentration of esters in the copolymer, [B]0 = initial concentration of alcohols, and k = rate constant of esterification (i,j = 1,2…,n).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 539-543 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 865-870 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The difference between the hydraulic permeability K under a pressure gradient and the diffusive permeability P under a concentration gradient can be explained by the incipient viscous flow at high degree of swelling. This flow is opposed by the friction resistance of the macromolecules of the highly swollen membrane. It comes to an end at a critical swelling Hc when the number of permeant molecules is not more sufficient for a complete solvation of the macromolecules of the membrane. Below this swelling, K equals PV1/RT, where V1 is the molar volume of the permeant, and above it the difference K - PV1/RT is proportional to H/(1 - H) - Hc/(1 - Hc). The proportionality factor depends on the friction coefficient of the macromolecular segments and on the average lateral chain clustering. The data on poly(glycerol methacrylate) suggest that on the average the aggregates contain two chains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 917-920 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A two-component reactive system consisting of a poly(chromium(III) bisphosphinate) and dioctylphosphinic acid reacts to form a poly(chromium(III) trisphosphinate). Extensive thermomechanical hysteresis is displayed throughout the temperature range -180°C to 〉300°C by specimens containing filaments of glass. Thermal pretreatment to about 400°C (the limit of thermal stability) eliminated these instabilities. These results correlate with the reported brittle and tough character of films of the poly(chromium (III) bisphosphinate) and poly(chromium (III) trisphosphinate), respectively. Regardless of thermal history (between 200°C and 400°C), the polymer system displayed three major transition regions: the glass transition centered at about 0°C, another centered at about 230°C, and a third at about -200°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 945-954 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Sorption kinetics and equilibria for CO2 in polycarbonate were studied over a range of temperatures from 35° to 65°C and pressures from 3 to 22 atm. The dual mode sorption model of Vieth et al. was used to test the data, and a comparison was made with previous work on glassy polystyrene. Further evidence of the validity of generality of the model in providing a consistent picture of small-molecule diffusion in glassy polymers was thereby provided. The technical feasibility of membrane separation of H2 from a H2/CO2 mixture by selective permeation through polycarbonate was examined at 50°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 987-1008 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Statistical analysis of inherent viscosities (LVN), shear modulus (G*), and melting temperature (Tm) interval data for isotactic polypropylene-linear polyethylene (HDPE) blends was performed in order to verify their microheterogeneity. High shear measurements in viscometric (Poiseuille's) flow were carried out on four replicated compositions of the blends. Least-squares treatment of the results yielded power law parameters for the blends differing in composition. The significance of differences between the blends of various HDPE content was tested using the multiple-range (Duncan's) test, and tentative conclusions are drawn on the composition dependence of the melt flow viscosities of the blends.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene to cellulose has been studied in vacuo at 30°C and at dose rates from (0.37 to 8.73) × 10-2 W/kg. Dioxan was used as solvent for monomer and polystyrene homopolymer, and water (2% total volume) was incorporated as swelling agent for cellulose. The concentration of styrene in the bulk medium was varied from 0.432 to 3.46 moles/l., and the rates of both grafting and homopolymerization were shown to be proportional to [monomer] · [intensity]1/2. The value of 3.3 × 10-4 l. mole-1 sec-1 derived for kp2/kt in homopolymerization is similar to that for normal free-radical polymerization of styrene. However, reduced termination during grafting yielded a much higher value (58 l. moles-1 sec-1). Degradation of cellulose in the absence of monomer was followed viscometrically, and values of 13.5 and 24.6 were derived for G (scission) in vacuo and in air, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The separation of various liquid mixtures including systems of chloroform-hydrocarbons or ethyl ether, water-alcohols and water-nucleophilic organic solvents have been investigated by the pervaporation technique. Membranes were obtained by grafting Lewis base onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films. The PTFE backbone has been chosen for its mechanical and chemical resistance. N-Vinylpyrrolidone and 4-vinylpyridine were selected because of their great affinity for the electrophilic compounds. In all cases, the compound which has the greatest affinity for the membrane pervaporates selectively through modified PTFE films. Selectivity and rates were studied. It is concluded that because selectivity is very important, total separation of different mixtures is possible at a good yield, with a faster rate when the temperature is increased or the thickness of the membrane is decreased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1109-1123 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polybutadiene rubbers of well-defined and varying molecular weight were prepared by anionic polymerization and used in the preparation of mass-polymerized polystyrene blends. The particle size of the dispersed rubber phase was varied by (1) controlling the relative viscosity, at phase inversion, of the two liquid phases composed of polystyrene and polybutadiene in styrene monomer; (2) by varying the intensity of mixing, and (3) by adding preformed polystyrene to the prepolymer, prior to phase inversion. The mechanical and dynamic properties of the resulting blends are found to be determined mainly by the particle size of the dispersed rubber phase, independently from the method used to obtain such size. The weight fraction of rubber phase, rather than the weight fraction of rubber charged, is found to correlate with the blend modulus and may also affect its level of toughness. Low molecular weight rubbers are found capable of efficient blend reinforcement, if the excessively small rubber particle size obtained by conventional processes is enlarged by incorporation of preformed polystyrene prior to phase inversion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1155-1166 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes the results of simultaneous dynamic measurements in tension and torsion made on propellant samples. The complex dynamic moduli E′, E″, G′, and G″ at low frequencies were determined within a temperature range from room temperature to -90°C. Time temperature shift factors and reduced master curves for both tension and shear properties are discussed. The effect of dewetting on the dynamic properties in tension and shear was also investigated. A preliminary attempt is made to compute the degree of dewetting in a propellant by applying Beer-Lambert's law.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1191-1212 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A change in the degree of vulcanization in a carbon black-filled rubber is shown not to affect the change of in-phase shear modulus with strain amplitude, provided the amount of filler is kept constant. Similar results are found with the change of out-of-phase modulus and phase angle with strain amplitude. A similar value of change of in-phase shear modulus with strain amplitude (G′0 - G′∞) is found for a vulcanized and unvulcanized tire tread rubber; this behavior is attributed for the breakdown of the secondary three-dimensional carbon black aggregated network. Detailed consideration is given to other factors such as hydrodynamic, shape factor, and relaxation effects which contribute to the difference between the shear modulus of the gum rubber and the filled rubber when all the carbon black structure has been broken down. The consequence of the breakdown of the secondary aggregated structure of carbon black are considered in terms of factors affecting heat build-up in tires.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1281-1293 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A semiempirical model for estimation of viscosities of concentrated polymer solutions1 can be applied to mixtures of polymers in a common solvent. The data required for estimation of mixture viscosity are: solvent viscosity, polymer molecular weight, density, concentration, and intrinsic viscosity in the particular solvent. Calculated and experimental viscosities agree to within a few per cent for the relatively nonpolar systems for which comparative data are available. The model does not appear to be adequate for mixtures in which there are extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions.Results of the new model are equivalent to those of an empirical equation2 reported to be effective for fairly concentrated binary polymer mixtures.Specific interactions between polymeric solutes can be conveniently assessed by comparing measured mixture viscosity to that calculated from the model presented. It is not clear, however, that such assessments have any fundamental significance, since the interactions which are calculated depend on the assumptions inherent in the estimation of the “ideal” mixture viscosity. The same reservations apply to other models which have been proposed for this purpose.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1911-1924 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Equipment and techniques are described which have been developed for determining the drawing behavior of fibers from novel polymers which are available only in very small quantities. Emphasis is placed upon information obtained from the stress-strain diagrams of the fibers during drawing. A parameter, the reinforcement factor, is described which reflects the degree of orientation induced by drawing short lengths of fiber in a discontinuous manner. This parameter exhibits maxima at various combinations of temperature and draw rate, and the relationship between the corresponding temperatures and draw rates is shown to be logarithmic. The parameter is used to predict temperatures and draw rates which will give fibers having a high degree of orientation and good tensile properties when drawn continuously. The application of these techniques to give acceptable fibers from poly(m-phenylene adamantane-1,3-dicarboxamide) is described. This material is of interest as one possessing a high degree of thermal stability, and the best fibers produced to date have a tenacity of 4.0 g per denier, an initial modulus of 60 g per denier, and a break extension of 16.0%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1925-1935 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Styrene-grafted nylon 6 fibers which had been prepared by the UV irradiation method were investigated by dynamic viscoelasticity and dilatometry. It was found that nylon 6 is relaxed and polystyrene is simultaneously plasticized by nylon 6 during grafting. These phenomena are interpreted as follows. The grafting process causes nylon 6 to have a lower glass transition temperature and increases grafting frequency of polystyrene to nylon 6 by increasing the chemical junctions between the two components, so that they necessarily become more compatible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1947-1952 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The grafting of isoprene as well as a comonomer mixture of isoprene and acrylonitrile onto a backbone of high molecular weight poly(propylene oxide) with tertiary-butyl peroctoate gave a gumstock which is sulfur curable to a product having interesting elastomeric properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1937-1946 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Starch xanthates with degrees of substitution (D.S.) ranging from 0.08 to 0.58 were reacted with high or low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI, two of six times the stoichiometric amount) to form starch poly(ethylenimino thiourethanes). Aqueous thiourethane solutions were mixed with commercial styrene-butadiene and acrylonitrile-butadiene latices, and the solids were coprecipitated by adding 1M ZnSO4 and 1N H2SO. The master batches (filtered, dried at 70°C), having 15 to 50 parts of starch (equivalent) per 100 parts of rubber (phr), were masticated and compounded in a sulfur-accelerator recipe and press cured to yield vulcanizates of improved physical characteristics compared to control vulcanizates. About 0.22 D.S. produced best results. With this D.S. xanthate and a 3.5 ratio of 100,000 MW PEI, a 25 phr starch loading gave maximum tensile strength (2720 psi) in a styrene-butadiene vulcanizate. Hardness generally increased with increasing D.S. and starch contents. The thiourethane decreased compression set and increased abrasion resistance. The former was lowest and the latter highest at ca. 0.20 D.S. and 25 phr starch. Both set and abrasion were lowest with thiourethane prepared from xanthate made in a “Roto-feed” process rather than a “Ko-Kneader” operation. Rebound was not appreciably changed, and increase of volume swelling in water was small upon thiourethane incorporation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1953-1958 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A series of epoxy resins based on the diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The ratio of molecular volume of a lightly branched molecule to that of a linear molecule of the same weight was found to vary as the square root of the ratio of the average maximal dimensions of the chain. At high degrees of chain branching, the ratio of the latter was to the power of three halves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1959-1965 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The kinetics of primary crystallization from the melt of nylon 6-piperazine adipate and nylon 6-piperazine terephthalate copolyamides were measured dilatometrically. It was found that the crystallization rate of the samples under investigation decreases with increase in the percentage comonomer content and rigidity of molecules over the entire temperature range investigated. The Avrami exponent n varied with temperature, values being from 2 to 4.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2091-2104 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The thermomechanical spectra of two series of amorphous polyolefins represented by $\rlap{--} [{\rm CH}_2 )_m {\rm - C}\left( {{\rm CH}_3 } \right)_2 \rlap{--} ]_n$ and $\rlap{--} [\left( {{\rm CH}_2 } \right)_m \bond {\rm C}\left( {{\rm CH}_3 } \right)\left( {{\rm C}_2 {\rm H}_5 } \right)\rlap{--} ]_n$, where m = 1, 2, and 3, are presented from -180°C to above the glass transition temperatures. The polymers were obtained by cationic polymerization of α-olefins. The mechanical spectra show a maximum in glass transition temperature and secondary transition temperature for the second member of each series. This maximum is interpreted in terms of a proposed geometrical intermolecular interlocking which is considered to be at a maximum for the second member of the series and serves to restrict the submolecular motions associated with the transitions. The proposal is discussed in terms of its consequences upon free volume, density, cohesive energy density, and chain flexibility.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2131-2139 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The proton spin-lattice relaxation and dielectric relaxation were studied in some polymers at the solid-polymer interface was constructed from several filled polymers. A useful model of surface layer which can be considered as consisting of a great number of small solid particles covered with a polymer layer. The following systems were studied: polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), their copolymers and cellulose acetate in the presence of different content of fine particles of aerosil and Teflon. It was established that the decrease of surface layer thickness shifts the minimum of spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of high temperature process to higher temperature and minimum T1 of low temperature process to lower temperature. The same was found for dielectric losses reflecting the motion of side groups and of segments. From temperature dependence of T1 and tan δ for both relaxation processes the apparent energies of activation were calculated. On the base of dielectric relaxation data the circular diagram of complex dielectric constant was constructed and by the Cole-Cole method the dispersion parameter α for polymers at the interface was calculated. These data also show the broadening of relaxation spectra in surface layers. The results are discussed in terms of the restriction of possible conformation of chains at the interface and their interaction with surface. It was established that character of molecular motion changes at the interface is dependent on the mode of molecular motion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2153-2155 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2175-2184 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Capillary flow data were obtained for a 27.5% solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. The solution temperature was 50°C, and the range of apparent shear rates investigated was 1.7 × 105 to 1.7 × 106 sec-1. Capillaries having tapered entrance angles of 37.88° to 120.63° were used. A power-law model was adequate to describe the shear stress at the wall (τw) and the corrected shear rate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$(\dot \gamma )$\end{document} relationship. Entrance angle affected the entrance pressure drop corrected for kinetic energy, (ΔP0,c); ΔP0,c increased as the angle widened. Treating the entrance flow as an elongational flow situation facilitated superposition of the Delta;P0,c data on a single curve. Estimated elongational viscosities decreased with increasing applied stress.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2159-2173 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Differential thermal analysis, or DTA, is a technique for determining the properties of materials from the thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. Dielectric measurement is also a powerful tool for probing the structure of materials, but from another direction. Dielectric analysis is a measure of the dipole response within dielectric materials to an applied electric field. This response is controlled by the spatial arrangement and viscoelastic properties of dielectric materials. Dielectric thermal analysis is being increasingly used in research and process control, offering the advantages of being nonobtrusive and easily instrumented and having a broad theoretical basis which can be correlated with results from other methods such as dynamic mechanical relaxation measurements, NMR, neutron relaxation, birefringence, and, of course, DTA. Because of the nonobtrusive nature of dielectric measurement, it can be run concurrently with other analytical techniques without disturbing their results. When dielectric analysis is run concurrently with other methods of analysis such as DTA, we often receive fresh insights and cross-checking on such behavior as polymeric crosslinking, molecular weight increase, and Tg - viscoelastic behavior in general. The results and conclusions drawn for such investigations are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2207-2213 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Contact angles are reported for the systems ethanol-water, n-propanol-water, and benzene-cyclohexane measured at atmospheric pressure and 25.0°C, in equilibrium with their vapors, on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces of known roughness. Comparison of the data with those reported by other workers has shown that the discordancy in values can be attributed solely to the various preparation techniques producing surfaces of differing roughnesses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2239-2247 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The compatibility of the mixtures poly(vinyl chloride) - ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and poly(vinyl chloride) - chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was studied by the method of dynamic mechanical testing. The character of G′ and G″ was confronted with the Takayanagi model. In all cases a limited compatibility of the components was observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2249-2255 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The applicability of the formula f(t) = n(t)RT(α - α-2) suggested by Tobolsky as the basis of chemorheology has been discussed. In this expression, f(t) is the stress after t hours, n(t) is the crosslinking density (mole/cc) after t hours, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and α is the extension ratio. We have discussed the applicability of this formula, in another words, whether the degraded stress f(t) calculated from this formula would be consistent with the initial stress ft(0) of other polymer if the degraded crosslinking density values n(t) are equal to those of nt(0), the initial density values n(0) of other polymer. Natural rubber vulcanizates and SBR vulcanizates were used as samples in these experiments. Assuming n(t) = σ(t) n(0), α(t′) = 1, the applicability of the above formula was recognized from our experimental results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2257-2268 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of the combination of solvent and nonsolvent on the column fractionation of polypropylene were investigated. Decalin, kerosene, and α-chloronaphthalene were employed as the solvents, whereas ethyl and butyl carbitol were employed as the nonsolvents. It was found that the molecular weight distribution of the fractions was not very significantly affected by the combination of solvent and nonsolvent. By applying Caplan's theory, namely, that M̄-1/2 is a linear function of the weight fraction of solvent contained in the eluent (where M is the average molecular weight of a fraction), we concluded that to conduct a good fractionation both the solvent and the nonsolvent should be poorer solvents for the polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2291-2315 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An apparatus was constructed which would allow vinyl-type monomers (and others) to polymerize at ambient temperatures in the presence of an inductively coupled RF field. The details of the construction of the system are reported along with preliminary results obtained from nine monomers: styrene, methylvinyldichlorosilane, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, ethylene, and 1,3-butadiene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2317-2341 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study has been made on the plasma polymerization of styrene monomer in a cold, low-power, inductively coupled RF plasma. Styrene monomer yielded an insoluble, crosslinked film which was slightly colored. A kinetic study is reported for styrene. The effects of power level, bleed rate of monomer, pressure, and reactor geometry on the rate of polymer formation are reported. A mechanism is postulated for plasma polymerization. It was found that the initiation step was the rate controlling step and that the reaction followed a cationic polymerization scheme. Both crosslinking and discoloration of the polymers occur at the time of polymerization and are not a result of exposure of the reacted polymer to the plasma. The polymerization was shown to take place in the bulk phase as well as on the reaction wall surfaces.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2269-2290 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The phenomenon of plasticizer acceptance by poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in hotprocess dry blending is examined via scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and torque rheometer measurements. The effects of granule porosity, resin molecular weight, and synthesis recipe in PVC manufacture by the suspension process are related to the rate of plasticizer acceptance. For a PVC resin to dry blend, i.e., to become a free-flowing powder when mixed with plasticizer under hot-processing conditions, the resin granules must be porous. Porosity arises from interstices between primary PVC particles. At a given granule porosity, an increase in primary particle agglomeration adversely affects dry blend performance. At constant molecular weight and for resins manufactured by a given recipe, dry-blend performance is quantitatively described by granule porosity. With an increase in resin molecular weight, a greater granule porosity is required to maintain an equivalent dry-blend time (DBT). Accordingly, for most suspending agent recipes, DBT is dependent directly upon granule porosity and inversely upon molecular weight. However, if the suspending agent used in resin manufacture is an excessively rapid film former, dry-blend performance with molecular weight variation is dependent upon the suspending agent's concentration, not upon granule porosity, which must be adequate, nor upon the resin's molecular weight. An interfacial film-forming suspending agent enhances fusion of primary PVC particles at the suspension granule - water interface, increasing the granule's “pericellular membrane” thickness. This membrane, a PVC skin, does not significantly influence dry-blend performance with low- or intermediate-viscosity plasticizers. The particle skin does impede dry-blend rates with high-viscosity, poorly solvating plasticizers, but this effect can be negated in part by increasing the diameter of pore openings in the topographical skin. Dry blending occurs below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC with low-viscosity plasticizers and above the Tg with high-viscosity, poorly solvating modifiers. The influence of resin and plasticizer variables indicates the dry-blend phenomenon to be a diffusion-controlled process. The rate of dry blending is dependent upon two mechanisms: (1) the rate of pore penetration - which exposes the plasticizer to a much greater surface area than if it remained exterior, encapsulating the granule - and (2) the rate of plasticizer diffusion into the PVC matrix.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2353-2359 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A high-density polyethylene prepared at low pressures is characterized with respect to density, microscopic examination, mechanical properties, and diffusion. The data for the slowly cooled, nonisothermally crystallized polymer clearly indicate that the method of preparation grossly affects the final properties of the polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3003-3016 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Osmotic pressure experiments were conducted with PVC samples of different molecular weights dissolved in THF, using both a block osmometer and a Hewlett-Packard automatic osmometer equipped alternately with Schleicher and Schuell 07 and 08 membranes to optimize the procedure for accurate osmotic pressure measurements. It was found that, provided a flow of solvent could be maintained through the membrane and into the solution, an osmotic pressure of good accuracy was obtained even though the membrane was nominally much too coarse for the polymer analyzed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3035-3038 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3039-3040 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3041-3046 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3017-3034 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Earlier work revealed that the internal plasticization of polyacrylonitrile by the higher n-alkyl acrylates or N-n-alkylacrylamides yielded only brittle copolymers. This difficulty was circumvented in the present work by starting with copolymers of acrylonitrile and ethyl acrylate, over the range of compositions, and further modifying these by incrementally displacing the ethyl acrylate in each recipe by n-octadecyl acrylate through terpolymerization. In this way, the stepwise small reduction in Tg for the base ethyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymers was greatly increased for each of the terpolymers. Compositions were obtained ranging from glassy, brittle terpolymers, with glass transitions above room temperature, to soft plasticized polymers having sufficient polar networks retained from the nitrile to confer useful properties. The decline in the glass temperature was shown to be dependent on the free volume conferred by the side-chain methylene groups of each acrylate ester. In contrast, the decline in tensile and flexural strengths and moduli for the terpolymers having glass transitions above room temperature was produced entirely by the presence of the methylene groups of the 18-carbon ester. The glass transition region corresponded to room temperature when the acrylonitrile content of the base copolymer had been reduced to 50 mole-%. Terpolymers of this nitrile content and lower had the low moduli and large elongations of plasticized compositions. An equation was developed which correlated empirically the glass transitions and the mechanical properties with the weight fraction of the acrylate esters for the glassy terpolymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3047-3062 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The problem of drag reduction in a helically coiled tube is examined experimentally. The general problems involved in the correlation of drag reduction data are analyzed critically, and some important recommendations are made based on the findings of this work. A phenomenological approach is suggested for correlating the drag reduction data. An examination of the straight-tube data from the literature and the coiledtube data obtained in this work shows that for a variety of aqueous polymer solutions the data could be uniquely correlated by the following equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \beta = 0.2 + \frac{{0.8}}{{1 + \left( {{\rm De'}} \right)^{0.8} }} $\end{document} where β = reduced friction factor and De′ = modified Deborah number.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3063-3071 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The ultraviolet absorption spectra of Cadoxen solutions of hydrocellulose and hydrocellulose phenylosazones are described. With solutions of hydrocellulose no simple relationship between D.P. and absorbance was found. Solutions of hydrocellulose phenylosazone in Cadoxen show well-defined maxima at 277 nm and 390 nm and do not change over 1 hr when oxygen is excluded. The absorbance of the phenylosazone at 390 nm may be used to determine the D.P. of the hydrocellulose samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3073-3094 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The thermomechanical spectra of two new carborane-siloxane polymers containing five-boron carborane cages in the backbones are reported and discussed. The polymers are the homopolymer, HO—[Si(CH3)2—CB5H5C—Si(CH3)2—O—]nH, and the random copolymer with 20 mole-% of the ten-boron meta-carborane analogue, —[Si(CH3)2—CB10H10C—Si(CH3)2—O—]. The mechanical spectra (∼1 cps) were determined from -180° → +625° → -180°C (ΔT/Δl = 3.6°C/min for T 〉 25°C and 2°C/min for T 〈 25°C) using the semimicro thermomechanical technique, torsional braid analysis. In nitrogen, both polymers displayed secondary transitions at -140°C. The glass transition (Tg) for the homopolymer was -60°C and for the copolymer was -52°C. The homopolymer had a melting point of +70°C. The copolymer was amorphous. The high-temperature stability in nitrogen of both polymers appeared to be identical; thermal stiffening commenced at 400°C, continued to 625°C, and resulted in materials that were typical of highly crosslinked resins. In air, the homopolymer began to stiffen catastrophically near 270°C, while the copolymer began to stiffen similarly nearly 50°C higher. The intrinsic elastomeric nature together with the thermomechanical results prompted further study of the copolymer. Thermomechanical cycling studies in nitrogen and air are reported for the copolymer. Some correlating TGA and DTA are also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3095-3103 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Nine linear poly(carborane-siloxane) high-temperature elastomers which differ systematically in chemical structure were investigated by torsional braid analysis. The structural variations include two different carborane cage structures in the polymer chain (—CB10H10C— and —CB5H5C—) and the stepwise increase in the number of —Si(CH3)2—O— linkages associated with each cage in the repeat unit. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) was studied as the compositional limit of both series. The dynamic mechanical relaxations (at about 1 cps) of the materials are reported. These include the melting points of the semicrystalline polymers and the glass transitions and secondary transitions of all the polymers. The glass transition temperatures in each series were systematized using the well-known copolymer composition-versus-glass transition temperature relationship 1/Tg = W1/Tg1 + W2/Tg2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3113-3121 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The interaction of the acid dye Biebrich Scarlet (C.I. Acid Red 66) with α-, β-, and γ-keratoses obtained from wool fiber by performic acid oxidation was studied. The extrapolated saturation values of dye bound to protein and the association constants for the interactions were obtained. Maximum dye uptake was found for α-keratose, followed by γ- and β-keratoses, in that order. Incorporation of varying amounts of m-cresol in the dye solutions showed no significant effect. There was no indication of an interaction between m-cresol and the keratoses from direct studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3123-3131 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The thermal stabilities of polybutadienyllithium, polyisoprenyllithium, and polystyryllithium solutions have been determined in hydrocarbon solvents. Kinetic analysis indicated that a complex mechanism was involved in the thermolysis of polybutadienyllithium. The thermal stability was observed to increase with increasing lithium concentration, suggesting the presence of competitive reactions in addition to the expected elimination of lithium hydride. The thermal stability of the three systems studied was consistent with their reported degrees of association: dimeric polystyryllithium was less stable than tetrameric polyisoprenyllithium or hexameric polybutadienyllithium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3133-3144 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In addition to the expected elimination of lithium hydride, metalation and addition reactions have been observed as competitive, thermolytic reactions of polybutadienyllithium. The importance of these reactions at temperatures frequently utilized for the polymerization of butadiene was illustrated and the effect of these reactions on the macrostructure of polybutadiene determined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3207-3221 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The products obtained on degradation of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) in vacuo are described. The effects of molecular weight and pyrolysis temperature are discussed and the behavior compared with polystyrene under similar conditions. Product analysis has revealed significant differences between the products of degradation obtained from the two polymers, and mechanisms involving methyl-group migration have been proposed and discussed to account for the anomalous behavior of poly(p-N,N-dimethyl-aminostyrene). The liquid products of pyrolysis have been separated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography using the Kovats retention index, and quantitative analysis is also described. Analysis of the gaseous fraction by mass spectrometry is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3223-3236 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of the extent of degradation of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) on the quantity and composition of the residue and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the fraction volatile at pyrolysis temperature are discussed. The behavior of poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene) is compared to that of polystyrene. A significant difference has been found for the behavior of the residue from poly(p-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene), which is ascribed to a crosslinking reaction involving the dimethylamino substitutent. Mechanisms to account for the observed products of degradation have been suggested and are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3237-3244 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Fibers were spun from six different, wholly aromatic copolyamides of limited order. Tensile properties of the fibers were obtained at standard conditions and, for selected fibers, at elevated temperatures and after heat-aging at 300°C in air. The dry-heat shrinkage determined up to 400°C on selected fibers was relatively low; zero-strength temperatures ranged from 375°C to 495°C. Resistance to numerous chemical reagents was determined for one of the fibers and found to be comparable to that of the fibers from other wholly aromatic polyamides. Resistance to ultraviolet light appeared to be of the same order as that of unstabilized nylon 66.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3245-3251 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: On the basis of Mooney scorch measurements at 120°C and of continuous measurements of vulcanization in a Vuremo curemeter at 145°C, sulfenamides which function as inhibitors of the sulfur-free thiuram vulcanization have been investigated. It was found that the actual prevulcanization inhibitor is 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Its formation from sulfenamides is activated by zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate since the vulcanization of rubber by thiuram disulfides in the presence of zinc oxide is always accompanied by the formation of zinc dithiocarbamate. It seems probable that the inhibition effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is attributable to the formation of a complex with zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate which decreases the reaction rate in the initial steps of the sulfur-free thiuram vulcanization and thus causes the scorch delay.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3265-3274 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The thermal decomposition and resultant disposal of waste poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is facilitated by preliminary exposure to ionizing radiation, such as energetic electrons, in an oxygen atmosphere. The results of isothermal and temperature-programmed thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and effluent gas analysis in nitrogen and in oxygen indicate that the major effect of irradiation is to render PVC increasingly susceptible to oxidation. The presence of oxygen during heating enhances the decomposition. Crystalline order in PVC is destroyed by irradiation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3253-3263 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The kinetics of simultaneous thermal and hydrolytic degradation of poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCHDT) were evaluated by using a 1.5-in.-diam. melt extruder (≈20/1 length/diameter ratio) as a reactor. The effects of extrusion temperature (295°-330°C), residence time (2.6-17.5 min), and moisture content (〈0.001% to 0.2%) of the supply polymer on degradation were determined. The rate of degradation was measured in terms of the rate at which inherent viscosity (I.V.) decreased and the rate at which carboxyl endgroup concentration increased. The contributions of both thermal and hydrolytic degradation to the total degradation of PCHDT could be separated because the hydrolysis was rapid enough that it could be considered as occurring prior to thermal degradation. Thus, the hydrolysis merely adjusted the initial properties of the supply polymer, which was then subjected to thermal degradation. Equations were developed from an analysis of the kinetic data based on a random chain scission mechanism. The activation energies for decrease in I.V. and increase in carboxyl endgroup concentration of PCHDT from thermal degradation were determined as 33.5 and 41 kcal/mole, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3353-3360 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Two independently derived distribution function methods validate both the calibration curve and the dispersion correction of the “effective linear calibration” method used in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Experimental conditions are specified for making the method more useful by permitting linear extrapolation of the calibration line, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ V_R = C_1 + C_2 \log M, $\end{document} and for using a minimum number of standards. The independent methods quantitatively relate known differential of integral distribution functions for standard samples to their respective chromatograms. As such, they are useful calibration methods also, but are limited in scope and range.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3381-3385 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Blends of poly(p-fluorostyrene) (PpFS), poly(o-fluorostyrene) (PoFS), poly(styrene-co-p-fluorostyrene) (SP46), poly(styrene-co-o-fluorostyrene) (SO49), with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and with polystyrene (PS), have been prepared by compression molding of coprecipitated polymers. Compatibility of these systems has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Detection of one or two glass transition regions was used to classify the blends as compatible or incompatible. Homopolymers of pFS and oFS were found to be incompatible with PPO and PS. The SP46 copolymer and SO49 copolymer were compatible with PPO in all proportions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 367-382 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The isothermal pyrolysis of 100 mg samples of shredded newsprint, both untreated and 1% HCI washed, at pressures below 1 torr has been examined between 260°C and 340°C. Pyrolysis occurs via a rapid initial reaction followed by a slower degradation that can be modeled as first order in remaining newsprint. The effect of a 1% HCI wash pretreatment is to increase the fractional tar yield by 40%, to decrease the gas yield by an equivalent amount, and to increase the extent of initial reaction. Arrhenius parameters have been obtained for rate constants describing both the initial and the slower degradation reactions for both untreated and acid washed newsprint.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Mechanical processing of cotton cellulose by means of a fiber cutter resulted in the disaggregation and defiberation of fiber bundles, shortening of fiber length, and loss of degree of polymerization. It is evident that the mechanical energy supplied by shear forces is sufficient to cause homolytic scission of cellulose main chains. Mechanoradicals formed in the interim were verified by ESR studies. The crystallinity of cellulose was not influenced by mechanical treatments, but accessibility of the polymer was substantially increased due to the creation of new surfaces. The mechanically treated fiber inclined to proceeded oxidative chain reaction during aging. Regardless of their treatment conditions, cellulose fiber reached its limiting lower molecular weight after 100 days of aging.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 45-56 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The argument is presented that a primary determinant for polymer ignition is the rate of heat input during thermal decomposition. An experimental protocol is described in which a conventional thermogravimetric analyzer is used to monitor the behavior of polymeric solids brought to ignition by exposure to preheated air. The data obtained are used to establish the minimum heating rate required for ignition and the initial decomposition temperature at that critical rate. These two properties are then combined to give a numerical ranking value which seems to be a reasonable indicator of a material's ignitability hazard potential. Data for a variety of polymers and mixed systems are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 57-75 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Ultrahigh strength polyethylene fibers can be generated by stress-induced crystallization from a supercooled solution subjected to Couette flow, usually referred to as the “surface-growth” process. Under appropriate conditions, continuous fiber production can be realized for a period as long as 19 days, whereas under other circumstances a rapid interruption of the growth process is met. The present investigation deals with the origin of fiber fracture during “surface growth.” The limiting values of process variables required to maintain continuous growth have been established. Interruption of the continuous growth can occur in three different ways: (1) formation of a closed fiberloop around the rotor; (2) limited crystal growth rate; (3) rapid crystallization, leading to depletion of the gel on the rotor surface. The gel layer is being formed by adsorption of long molecules on to the rotor surface and subsequent “reptation,” resulting in a dense entanglement network of these molecules. These factors determine the boundaries of the triangularly shaped domain for continuous growth in a graph of the two main variables, namely the takeup speed and the rotor speed. Furthermore, it was noticed that the introduction of a wedge-shaped groove in the surface of the Couette rotor leads to a substantial reduction of failure. Continuous growth could be established in the temperature range from 103-125°C when p-xylene was used as a solvent. For p-xylene solutions at a crystallization temperature of 110°C and using a teflon rotor of 115 mm diameter, a maximum takeup speed and rotor speed were 16 and 180 mm/s, respectively. Basically the restrictions of the process appeared to be due to the limited rate of crystallization and rate of adsorption of polyethylene molecules on the surface of the rotor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 647-658 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Heat of reaction and kinetic parameters were determined by differential scanning calorimetry for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, reaction of hydrogen peroxide with lignocellulosic materials, glucose and pinitol, and for the reaction of the same materials with produced or introduced oxygen. The heat of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide obtained in N2 (720 cal/g H2O2) was in fair agreement with literature data, considering the different temperature and pressure conditions. The heats of reaction of hydrogen peroxide and lignocelluloses were higher when determined in N2 (1670-2500 cal/g H2O2) than in O2 (1450-2020 cal/g H2O2) atmosphere. The activation energy for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide amounted to 20.3 kcal/mol in N2 and 15.9 kcal/mol in O2 with frequency factors of 5.7 × 109 and 3.7 × 107 min-1, respectively. The activation energies for the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and lignocellulosic materials tested were similar and not influenced by the atmospheric composition, ranging overall between 19.7 and 22.4 kcal/mol. The corresponding frequency factors ranged between 2.77 × 109 and 2.23 × 1011.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 145-159 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The polymerization of butadiene in toluene using Co(acac)3-(i-Bu)3Al-H2O catalyst system was studied. Presented are the effects of the addition order, aging time, and composition of catalysts on rates, polymer microstructure, and molecular weights. The polymerization was found to be initiated by the Co(acac)3-hydrolized aluminum alkyl complex. The chain propagation proceeds according to a first-order reaction with respect to monomer and active species and is a strong function of Al/H2O with an optimum ratio of 1.0, but independent of Al/Co. The nature of polymerization seems to change as Al/H2O increases from less than 1 to greater than 1. Transfer reaction is significant. From the kinetic data it was found that the termination reaction is most likely to be by combination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Crosslinking of 4,4′(bismaleimido)diphenyl ether (BM) was investigated in presence of bis(m-aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide (BAP), tris(m-aminophenyl)phosphine oxide (TAP), diaminodiphenyl ether (E) and 3,3-bis(p-aminophenyl)phthalide (AP). These crosslinked resins were examined for thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. A slight decrease in initial decomposition temperature, the temperature of maximum rate of weight loss, was observed, though the char yield in nitrogen atmosphere at 800°C did not change appreciably. Glass-cloth-reinforced laminates were fabricated from BM and amine mixtures. An improvement in mechanical properties was observed in the presence of phosphorus-containing di- and triamines.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 97-107 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: UV-curable epoxy-acrylate coatings were used to protect poly(vinyl chloride) against superficial degradation. With α-hydroxy-acetophenone photoinitiators, the crosslinking polymerization develops in the ms time scale; 50% degree conversion is reached after irradiation times of 2.5 ms in a nitrogen atmosphere and 17 ms in air. The adhesion of the coating on to the PVC substrate can be greatly improved by inducing a photochemical grafting process. The best results are obtained by incorporating the photoinitiator into the top layer of the PVC sheet. Highly crosslinked epoxy-acrylate coatings are very stable toward UV radiations and chemical agents like organic solvents and strong acids. By their light-screening effect they provide an excellent protection against photodegradation for light-sensitive polymeric materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 283-294 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The room-temperature aging of two nitrile rubber-epoxy adhesives has been examined. Both are 121°C curing systems, based on DGEBA-type epoxy resins, one of which has been available for about 15 years while the other is a more recent development. It has been found that hydrolysis of the epoxide and polymerization both occur slowly, reducing the epoxide content and solubility. A major reduction in honeycomb peel strength of joints made with aged material was evident in the older system and to a lesser extent in the newer adhesive. This is a result of diminished adhesive flow. Tensile strength was less affected by aging.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 295-301 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Immobilization of Mortierella vinacea cells, which contain active α-galactosidase, by radiation polymerization at low temperatures was studied. The durability of the enzymatic activity of the immobilized cells was examined by repeating the batch enzyme reaction. The enzymatic activities of the immobilized cells obtained with hydrophilic monomers was affected by the concentrations of the cells and monomer in which optimum conditions were observed. The enzymatic activity of the immobilized cells obtained with hydrophilic monomer was compared to that of hydrophobic monomers. Michaelis constants of the immobilized cells varied with monomer concentration. The effect of addition of porous solid substances on the immobilization of the cells was studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 327-334 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Three high molecular weight polycaprolactones (M̄w = 35,000, 18,600, and 7,130) were utilized as the sole carbon source by five of six fungi tested by the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) agar plate method. The fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Chaetomium globosum, Pencillium funiculosum, and a Fusarium sp. Quantitative analysis of degradation was performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC analysis demonstrated differences between the activities of organisms which appeared similar by the ASTM method, and showed that, while all molecular weight species within each polymer were hydrolyzed, in several cases low molecular weight end products were not assimilated. Depending on the organism, the dominant factor determining degradability was either polymer molecular weight or degree of crystallinity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 355-366 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polyphenylquinoxalines (PPQ's) containing various amounts of crosslinkable pendant phenylethynyl groups were prepared from the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′-tetraaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-oxydibenzil, and 4,4′-oxybis(4″-phenylethynylbenzil). The distribution of the pendant phenylethynyl groups along the polymer chain was varied in an attempt to alter the properties of the polymers. Preliminary film, adhesive, and laminate properties of PPQ void of pendant crosslinkable groups and containing pendant phenylethynyl groups were determined. The thermally induced reaction of the phenylethynyl group crosslinked the polymer which resulted in better dimensional stability at elevated temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The degradability of three high molecular weight polycaprolactones (M̄w = 35,000, 18,600, and 7,130) and one low molecular weight polycaprolactone diol(M̄w = 2060) by mixed and pure cultures of microorganisms was assayed. A yeast, Cryptococcus laurentii, a gram-negative rod, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffi, and a gram-positive coryneform rod were used in the pure culture assays. The analysis of degradation by gel permation chromatography (GPC) allowed for quantitation independent of the growth of the organisms or the addition of supplementary growth factors. GPC analysis showed that the degradation effected by pure cultures was often enhanced when alternate carbon sources were present. This was not the case for mixed cultures. Mixed cultures. Mixed cultures completely metabolized polymer breakdown products while in some cases pure cultures did not.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 443-448 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of barium, lead and calcium cyanourate on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) and its compositions were investigated. In concentrations up to 2 vol. % they decreased the Tg and Tm of the polymer. Physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness) are improved. The thermostability (dynamic and static) increases with increasing concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 437-437 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 531-542 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Some physical and chemical properties of novolac and resole resins are described, IR spectra are given, and average structures of the examined resins are proposed. It was supposed that the gelation kinetics depend on the ratio of the reagents and on the structure of the resin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 587-593 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A novel phenomenon, termed precipitative polymerization, is described. In it, the BPA - phosgene reaction is conducted with simultaneous precipitation of polycarbonate granules. Very low organic-to-aqueous phase ratio and high pH medium are primarily required to cause this in-situ precipitation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 595-604 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Attempts have been made to understand the curing reactions in carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB), which happens to be the most practical binder in advanced solid composite propellants. The curing of CTPB has been studied for different ratios of curing agents (MAPO and Epoxide) by gel content, molecular weight, crosslink density, and penetration temperature measurements, and the optimum composition of curators for effective curing of CTPB has been determined. Activation energy calculations on the curing of CTPB with 9.5% epoxide and 0.5% MAPO in the temperature range 75-100°C gave 14.1 kcal/mol for which a diffusion-controlled or acid-catalyzed epoxide ring opening mechanism has been suggested for the curing process in CTPB.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 659-683 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The presence of silane coupling agents do not cause a change in network structure in clay-filled natural rubber vulcanizates, both in sulfur vulcanization and peroxide vulcanization systems. However, the improvement in technical properties in the presence of silane coupling agents is more in the peroxide vulcanization system and is accompanied by enhanced polymer - filler interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have been made in order to understand the failure behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1361-1370 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Anion exchange membranes containing amino groups, insoluble in acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions, were prepared from chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), and glutaraldehyde. Using the membrane in a diaphragm cell, one side being adjusted to be acidic and the other alkaline, it was possible to transport actively halogen ions through the membrane from the acidic side to the alkaline side against the concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane. The active transport of halogen ions through the membrane was significantly influenced by the pH difference and electric potential difference between both sides of the membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 795-805 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Literature data on the average molecular weights Mn, MW, Mz, and/or Mv for several polymers indicated that they fell outside the continuum originally proposed to model molecular weight distribution (MWD), where the log-normal (LN) distribution, or positively valued Gex parameters m and k, define the continuum. Following the papers of Kubin, it is possible to embrace these polymers in an extended continuum by including these parameters, both negatively valued, in it. To the extent that m ≥ -1 and k 〈 -5, the extended continuum models average molecular weights through Mz+2. The correspondence of Gex models of MWD of a polymer obtained from data on its Mn, Mw, and Mz with that obtained from data on its Mn, Mv, and Mw is indicated, using published data. The numerical value of the m parameter in a Gex model is of use in polymerization kinetics; when m values are obtained for each analysis from multiple analyses upon a given polymer, their consistency indicates the concordance of the three average molecular weights from each test run. The Gex parameters based upon Mn, Mw, and Mv or Mz can be used to estimate values for higher average molecular weights of linear, unimodal homopolymers. This is of use in interpreting rheological data on such polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 861-872 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A previous paper described an unusual crystallinity effect observed in ultrahigh molecular weight linear polyethylene (UHMW PE) and conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE). It was discovered that upon exposure to high energy radiation, these polymers experience a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity. The present paper describes another equally unexpected and surprising phenomenon observed in irradiated UHMW PE and HDPE. It was accidentally found that the irradiated polyethylenes exhibit an aging effect; their heat of fusion and hence their degree of crystallinity increases monotonically with the aging time (since initial irradiation) at ambient conditions. Surprisingly, the aging process in irradiated polyethylenes was observed to persist even after 31 months. The magnitude of the aging effect is a strong function of the initial molecular weight of the unirradiated polymers and the irradiation dose. The aging phenomenon could not be accelerated by thermal annealing. The exact mechanisms causing the aging phenomenon remain rather elusive at the present time, but possible reasons are explored.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 879-881 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 961-968 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A new way of directly synthesizing ethylene-styrene diblock copolymer by Ziegler-Natta catalysis was studied. It consists of using a soluble complex prepared by the reaction of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm polystyrene}\frac{{}}{{\overline {{\rm DP}_n } = x}}{\rm (butadiene)}\frac{{}}{{\overline {{\rm DP}_n } = 3}}{\rm Li} $$\end{document} with TiCl4 in the ratio r = [Li]/[Ti] = 2 to initiate the formation of the polyethylene block. The well-defined linear diblock structure was established both by GPC of the polyethylene block and by 13C NMR and DSC analyses of the copolymer. Moreover, by using such a catalytic system, the efficiency was found to be 0.88 with respect to carbon-titanium bond. This value is relatively high compared to those of conventional Ziegler-Natta catalytic systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 969-981 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A precise technique for determining dielectric constants at microwave frequencies from slotted line measurements is adapted to paper samples. The effects of refining, wet pressing, calendering, and TiO2 addition on the dielectric constants vs. moisture curves are reported and discussed. The observed in-plane dielectric anisotropy is discussed. The importance of considering geometry at the fiber level in explaining the dielectric behavior of paper is stressed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1011-1024 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The curing reaction of tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and ESR spin trapping techniques. A mechanism has been proposed, and the cure kinetics has been obtained at 177°C. The major conclusion is that cure proceeds mainly through chain extension, while crosslinking occurs through the reaction of hydroxyl groups with epoxides, resulting in formation of ether linkages.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1119-1123 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes the synthesis of aryl polyphosphonates from the reactions of phenylphosphonic dichloride [benzene phosphorus oxydichloride (BPOD)] with 4,4′-thiodiphenol (TDP) and with 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol (SDP) employing a dry chlorinated hydrocarbon polymerization solvent, an amine acid acceptor and under low temperature conditions. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers from BPOD/TDP are 146°C and 83°C, respectively, and the polymers begin to lose weight at about 395°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. These polymers have good flame retardancy (FR), as indicated by high limiting oxygen indices (LOI) of 50-60. Thermoplastic polybutylene terephthalate containing 7% BPOD/SDP or BPOD/TDP polymer as an FR additive has LOI values of 29 and 30, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1685-1700 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Glass transition temperatures are reported for poly(bisphenol-A-carbonate) plasticized by 0-12 wt % of the ultraviolet light stabilizers 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octooxy-benzophenone, and 2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxy-benzophenone. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermooptical analysis (TOA) were employed. The glass transition temperatures increased somewhat with shelf time for the room temperature air-dried 1-mil films drawn from methylene chloride solutions. A Bierbaum scratch hardness of 8.8 kg·mm-2 was observed for a 10-mil poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) film. The effect of load applied to the diamond point (Bierbaum scratch technique) on the shape of TOA transmitted light intensity vs. temperature curves for the resultant scratches was examined. Although the curve shapes are greatly affected, the characteristic TOA temperatures derived therefrom remain essentially unchanged. The glass transition regions are not quite as broad for these polymer/plasticizer blends as they are for compatible polymer/polymer blends. TTOA, the temperature at which birefringence disappears in the scratched films, is found identical to Tf (DSC), the temperature at which the specific heat transition is completed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1743-1750 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The influence of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) as flame retardant (FR) on poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) has been examined. The APP-HBCD system behaves as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) formulation, APP being the char-forming agent and HBCD the blowing agent. A negligible gas-phase mode of action was ascertained for HBCD with this substrate. A synergism between the two FR agents was observed, corresponding to about 50% increased efficacy with respect to the separate effects of the two components. Thermogravimetry (TG), oxygen index (OI), nitrous oxide index (NOI) experiments and phosphorous residue measurements were performed to substantiate the conclusion that a conclusion that a condensed phase mechanism of action accounts for all the facts observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1811-1813 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1829-1836 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The rheological properties of starch-water-sucrose pastes have been determined under steady and oscillatory shear conditions. The results show that the effect of sucrose at concentrations of less than about 20% w/w is to increase the apparent viscosity, yield stress, dynamic viscosity, and dynamic rigidity. At higher surose concentrations the yield stress and dynamic rigidity tend to zero while values of the dynamic viscosity and apparent viscosity are reduced compared with controls. Sucrose causes the dispersed gel particles in pastes to change volume, and it is suggested that this is one of the factors responsible for the observed effects of sucrose on rheological behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1871-1877 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The dynamic mechanical properties of several polyurethane and polyolefinic elastomers for use in circulatory assist devices have been studied. This work was a part of a project on the characterization of elastomers suitable for cardiovascular application. In this paper, changes in the dynamic modulus and internal friction of these elastomers (Avcothane-51®, Biomer®, butyl rubber, Pellethane®, and Hexsyn®) are described as a function of long-term static and dynamic exposure to whole human blood. The dynamic moduli of control of Pellethane and Hexsyn are higher than that of Avcothane, NBS butyl rubber, and Biomer at human body temperature (at 37°C). The dynamic moduli of Biomer specimen fatigued in whole human blood at 37°C are least affected in temperature range of 25°C to 140°C as compared with the control. The loss tangents are decreased slightly. It indicates small structural changes after fatigue in whole human blood. These five materials should be considered for use in most or some cardiovascular applications because their mechanical properties do not change appreciably. Biomer performs well under a variety of experimental conditions, long-term exposure to blood, uniaxial and biaxial fatigue test, and dynamic mechanical properties of specimen fatigued in whole human blood.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1909-1917 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A preparative method has been established for obtaining chitosan products which have a desired degree of deacetylation of up to virtually 100%. Effective deacetylation was attained by intermitently washing the intermediate product in water two or more times during the alkali treatment. The weight average molecular weight (M̄w) of the product, which was measured by gel permeation liquid chromatography, was about 5 × 105 at the highest deacetylation of nearly 100%, and the degradation of the molecular chain was not so significant. Tensile strength of the wet film increased markedly with increasing degree of deacetylation, while the dry film did not show a corresponding significant increase of the tensile strength. In the infrared spectra of chitosan film new sharp bands appeared especially at the high degree of deacetylation. This was attributed to increased “crystallization” brought about by high deacetylation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 1949-1956 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The pervaporation behaviors of methanol-water by poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) membrane at non-steady- and steady-state permeation were investigated. The values of t1/2 (time required to reach a half value of steady-state permeation flux) for methanol and water changed and did not change with the component in feed, respectively. Both of the average diffusion coefficients for methanol-and water-PMLG from the mixture changed exponentially with the sorption amount of methanol by the synergetic effect on diffusion. The difference in behavior of non-steady and steady state diffusion was explained by whether Do (diffusion coefficient at zero penetrant concentration) was influenced by the concentration distribution of penetrant in PMLG membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2451-2454 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2455-2461 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Oligoester alcohols are synthesized from the resudes from the distillation of crude dimethyl terephthalate and recrystallization of the fraction dimethyl terephthalate/dimethyl isophthalate, diols, triols, tetrols, and tall oil. The polyol component containing various oligoester alcohols is suitable for preparing rigid polyurethane foams with good thermal stability and improved resistance to combustion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2499-2508 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Trimethylsilylated (TMSS) and dimethylphenylsilylated silicic acids (DMPS) were prepared via extraction with tetrahydrofuran, started from aqueous sodium silicate. Characterization of these silylates based on the 13C and 29Si NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, and solution viscosity were conducted to study their molecular structures. It was found that the GPC elution volume was significantly deviated from the calibration curve and also the exponents in solution viscosity vs. molecular weight (M̄n) relationship were very low, almost 0.3. These solution properties suggest that such silylates have compact spherical structures with a high degree of branching, also supported from the other data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2541-2551 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The compatibility of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was examined using the microscopic, the dynamic mechanical, and the DSC techniques. Morphological examination revealed that at low PCL concentrations, when specimens are severaly quenched, a uniform microspherulitic structure is formed. The dynamic mechanical spectra, at isochronous conditions (110 Hz), indicate very limited mixing of the amorphous phase of the two components at the intermediate compositions. More drastic relaxation shifts were observed at the extremes of the composition range. Ultimate strength and elongation at break are characteristic of a mechanically compatible system at high and low PCL contents. In the intermediate composition range their low value indicates phase separation. DSC measurements showed a nonlinear dependence of bulk crystallinity on blend composition; also, that the presence of PE enhances the degree of PCL crystallinity. Thermal history strongly affects bulk crystallinity. At elevated temperatures, near the mp of PE, thermal treatment affects considerably the melting point of the PE crystals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
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