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  • Articles  (1,245)
  • Other Sources  (73)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (963)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Seismology
  • 1980-1984  (765)
  • 1950-1954  (553)
  • 1981  (765)
  • 1951  (553)
Collection
  • Articles  (1,245)
  • Other Sources  (73)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (765)
  • 1950-1954  (553)
Year
Topic
  • 1
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    Regional relationships among earthquake magnitude scales (1981)
    In:  Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 19, no. B2, pp. 649-663, pp. B02317, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Scaling ; Magnitude ; Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Three-dimensional spontaneous rupture propagation and implications for the earthquake source mechanism (1981)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Warszawa, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 67, no. 36, pp. 375-393, pp. B05310, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Fracture ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Theory of time-dependent rupture in the earth (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 86, no. 36, pp. 6039-6051, pp. B05310, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Friction ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Seismology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Preliminary reference earth model (1981)
    In:  Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 25, no. 24, pp. 297-356, pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; PREM ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Contributions to the knowledge of the geometrical and physical parameters of the Vrancea earthquake foci (1981)
    In:  Rev. Roum. Géol., Géophys. et Géogr. - Géophysique, Münster, 3, vol. 25, no. 3-4, pp. 17-34, pp. L12311, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismology ; EUROPROBE (Geol. and Geophys. in eastern Europe) ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    The character of high-frequency strong ground motion (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 71, no. 7055, pp. 2071-2095, pp. B05S07, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; Spectrum ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Hybrid ray-mode formulation of SH motion in a two-layer half-space (1981)
    In:  Bull. seism. Soc. Am., Helsinki, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 1763-1781, pp. 2265, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: SH waves ; Layers ; Seismology ; NOModelling ; Synthetic seismograms ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Monitoring an underground repository with modern seismological methods (1981)
    In:  Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 517-527, pp. 1121, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; nuclear ; waste ; disposal
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Analysis of peak ground motion in terms of a model of inhomogeneous faulting (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, August, vol. 86, no. 3-4, pp. 3901-3912, pp. 1610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Seismology ; Inhomogeneity ; Fracture ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Mantle P-wave velocity structure beneath Antarctica (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., New York, August, vol. 71, no. 3-4, pp. 1061-1074, pp. B05S05, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Seismology ; P-waves ; residues ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Peak horizontal accelerations and velocity from strong-motion records including records from the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., (submitted), Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment University of Iceland, vol. 71, no. 1-2, pp. 2011-2038, pp. TC1011, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; Earthquake ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Three-dimensional expression of seismic particle motions by the trajectory ellipsoid and its application to the seismic data observed in the Kanto district, Japan (1981)
    In:  J. Phys. Earth, Bonn, 3-4, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 221-239, pp. B01401, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Description: Ellipsoid-Least-Squares-Fit
    Keywords: Seismology ; Polarization ; Three component data ; JPE
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Length of rupture from the Swabian Alb event on 3. September 1978. Derived from the Pn duration at GRF (1981)
    In:  Geol. Jb., Würzburg, Physica-Verlag, vol. E21, no. 1, pp. 13-25, pp. L24313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: P-waves ; Fracture ; Fracture time (duration) ; Earthquake ; Seismology ; Seismic arrays
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Source inversion of seismic waveforms: The Koyna, India, earthquakes of 13 September 1967 (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 1-24, pp. L15S20, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Inversion ; Source parameters ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    A stochastic fault model. 2. Time-dependent case (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, EGS-Gauthier-Villars, vol. 86, no. 1-4, pp. 10821-10834, pp. L23608
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source parameters ; Statistical investigations ; Fault zone ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Seismogram synthesis using normal mode superposition: The locked mode approximation (1981)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Münster, 3, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 37-69, pp. L23301, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: NOModelling ; Layers ; Seismology ; Synthetic seismograms ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    Depth resolution of earthquakes in central Asia by moment tensor inversion of long-period Rayleigh waves: Effects of phase velocity variations across Eurasia and their calibration (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Oslo, Wiley, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 5963-5984, pp. L02304, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Moment tensor ; Inversion ; Seismicity ; Rayleigh waves ; Phase velocity ; Hypocentral depth ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    Data-adaptive polarization filters for multichannel geophysical data (1981)
    In:  Geophysics, Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 1423-1431, pp. 1009, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Filter- ; Polarization
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Characteristic earthquakes on intraplate normal faults (1981)
    In:  Earthquake Notes, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 71, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    The 1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake and the Appalachian detachment (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 86, no. 1-4, pp. 7874-7894, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismology ; Geol. aspects ; Tectonics ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    Detection probabilities for earthquakes in Sweden (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 243-244, pp. 8045, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Detectors ; Kulhanek ; Wahlstroem ; Wahlstrom
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    An automatic measurement of arrival time of seismic waves and its application to an on-line processing system (1981)
    In:  Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst., Corvallis, x + 406 pp., Oregon State University Press, vol. 55, no. 1-4, pp. 449-484, pp. L13610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Travel time ; Data analysis / ~ processing
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Conversion phases from mantle transition zones. Identification of seismic sources - earthquake or underground explosion (1981)
    D. Reidel Publ. Comp.
    In:  London, D. Reidel Publ. Comp., vol. special paper 359, ix + 190 pp., no. 2, pp. 497-504, (ISBN 0-8137-2359-0)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Seismology ; ConvolutionR ; Source ; Nuclear explosion
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Principles and Applications of Microearthquake Networks (1981)
    Academic Press
    In:  New York, 293 pp., Academic Press, vol. 34, no. 22, pp. 65-70, (ISBN 0-691-12183-4, 2005 (481 pp. + CD-ROM))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismic networks ; Handbook of geophysics ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    Focal mechanism solutions and their tectonic implications for the eastern Alpine-Himalayan region (1981)
    Am. Geophys. Un.
    In:  Professional Paper, Zagros, Hindu Kush, Himalaya: Geodynamic Evolution, Washington, D. C., Am. Geophys. Un., vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 243-271, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Earthquake magnitude - Recent research and current trends (1981)
    In:  Earth-Sci. Rev., Ottawa, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 315-398, pp. L14310
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Magnitude ; Seismology ; Review article ; Bath
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Crustal structures in China from surface waves (1981)
    In:  Acta Seismologica Sinica, Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 3, no. 1-3, pp. 335-350, pp. B05S09, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Surface waves ; CRUST ; China ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    Focal depths and moment tensor representations of shallow earthquakes associated with the great Sumba earthquake (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 86, no. 8, pp. 9357-9374, pp. B05S21, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Earthquake ; Hypocentral depth ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    An automatic seismic signal detection algorithm based on the Walsh transform (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Bonn, Pergamon, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1351-1360, pp. 2050, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Detectors ; sta ; Transformations ; squ ; median ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1980 (1981)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., vol. 27, no. 1-4, pp. 72-92
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    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Magnitude ; Seismology ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 31
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    Crustal Q structure in the United States from multi-mode surface waves (1981)
    In:  Bull. seism. Soc. Am., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 161-181, pp. B09401, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Attenuation ; Surface waves ; NOModelling ; CRUST ; Seismology ; Quality factor ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    Determination of source parameters from seismograms of mining tremors and the inverse problem for a seismic source (1981)
    Polish Academy of Sciences
    In:  Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Warszawa, Polish Academy of Sciences, vol. A-11(147), no. 18, pp. 16-1 to 16-4, pp. 1869, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source parameters ; Inversion ; Induced seismicity ; Mining geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 86, no. 3-4, pp. 2825-2852, pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Seismology ; Source ; Seismicity ; Wave form analysis ; JGR ; Dziewonski
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Fundamental spheroidal mode observations of aspherical heterogeneity (1981)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 64, no. 5-6, pp. 605-634, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: NOModelling ; Inhomogeneity ; Seismology ; GJRaS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    A broadband study of the 13 August 1978 Santa Barbara earthquake (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 71, no. B12, pp. 1701-1718, pp. B12406, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Broad-band ; Earthquake ; BSSA
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  • 36
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    Seismic Waves and Sources (1981)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 1108 pp., Springer, vol. 96, pp. 225, (ISBN 0-471-95596-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: FROTH ; RUB ; GMG ; 3.15.80 ; Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Waves ; Wavelet processing ; SModelling ; Dislocation ; Elasticity theory of dislocations ; Source
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Identification of Seismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion (1981)
    Reidel
    In:  Amsterdam, Reidel, vol. 65, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-521-80380-2 (hb), 0521-00859-X (pb))
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Nuclear explosion ; Seismology ; Discrimination ; Source
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 38
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    Earthquake Mechanics (1981)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Cambridge, XIII+248 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 7, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0231-12739-1 hb, 0231127383 pb)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 39
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    Earthquake Prediction (1981)
    AGU
    In:  Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 4, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; Seismicity ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    A study of crustal and upper mantle structure of Northwestern Turkey (1981)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Tokyo, Railway Tech. Res. Inst., vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 33-35, pp. B06403, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; Travel time ; GRL ; Necioglu
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 41
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    International Symposium on the Analysis of Seismicity and Seismic Hazard and Seismic Risk, 18. - 23. May 1981 (1981)
    Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    In:  Proceedings, 1., Prag, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, vol. 10, no. WS-693 7-83, pp. 235-239, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake hazard ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 42
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    A technique for the inversion of regional data in source parameter studies (1981)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Washington, D.C., AGU, vol. 86, no. B12, pp. 1679-1685, pp. B12406, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source parameters ; Inversion ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 43
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    Seismic quiescence in the Western Hellenic Arc may foreshadow large earthquakes (1981)
    In:  Nature, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 289, no. 11, pp. 785-787, pp. L05306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 44
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    Seismic discrimination problems at regional distances (1981)
    D. Reidel Publishing Company
    In:  Professional Paper, Identification of Seismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion, Berlin, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 695-740, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Discrimination
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Prediction-oriented seismology (1981)
    Reidel
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Current Research in Earthquake Prediction, Dordrecht, Reidel, vol. I, no. XVI:, pp. 221-300, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: stresses ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    Broad-band seismometry - a unified approach towards a kinematic and dynamic interpretation of seismograms (1981)
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Identification of Seismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion, Leiden, Noordhoff, vol. 11, no. XVI:, pp. 763-786, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Broad-band ; Seismic arrays ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Nuclear explosion ; Review article
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 47
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    Phase identification and event location at regional distance using small-aperture array data (1981)
    D. Reidel Publ. Co.
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Identification of Seismic Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosion, Moscow, D. Reidel Publ. Co., vol. 65, no. Subvol. a, pp. 467-481, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; NOR ; PIC ; f-k-Analysis ; Seismic arrays ; NOISE ; AUD ; Location ; Nuclear explosion
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  • 48
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    Seismological significance of the 1977-1978 eruptions and magma intrusion process of Usu Volcano, Hokkaido (1981)
    In:  J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 311-344, pp. L24617, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Source
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  • 49
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    Richtantenne für Erdbebenwellen (1981)
    In:  Umschau, New York, Scientific American, vol. 81, no. B9, pp. 443, pp. B09309, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismic arrays ; Seismology
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  • 50
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    Results of recent South Carolina seismological studies (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, AGU, vol. 71, no. 5636, pp. 1883-1902, pp. L14317, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Review article ; Seismicity ; Source parameters ; Seismology ; BSSA
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  • 51
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    Earthquake Interpretations. A Manual For Reading Seismograms (1981)
    William Kaufmann, Inc.
    In:  Los Altos, California, William Kaufmann, Inc., vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 52
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    International Symposium on the Analysis of Seismicity and Seismic Hazard and Seismic Risk, 18. - 23. May 1981 (1981)
    Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
    In:  Proceedings, 2., Prag, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, vol. 10, no. WS-693 7-83, pp. 235-239, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake risk ; Earthquake hazard ; Proceedings of a conference
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  • 53
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    Untersuchungen zum Bruchvorgang des Rumänischen Erdbebens am 4.3.1977 und Bestimmung des seismischen Moments mit Hilfe von synthetischen Seismogrammen für P-Wellen (1981)
    Geophysikalisches Inst.
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Univ. Karlsruhe, Geophysikalisches Inst., vol. 1034, no. 77-3, pp. 262-277, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; seismic Moment ; Earthquake ; Synthetic seismograms ; Rakers
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  • 54
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    Properties of ambient seismic noise and summary of noise spectrum in the vicinity of RSTN sites (1981)
    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    In:  informal report, Houston, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 339-350, no. UCID-18928, pp. 344, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; NOISE ; Spectrum ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity
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  • 55
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    Use of stochastic models in seismology (1981)
    In:  Houston, no. 18, pp. 143-179
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Statistical investigations ; Inhomogeneity
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  • 56
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    The anelasticity of the earth's mantle in the European area (1981)
    In:  Tectonophysics, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, vol. 72, no. 5705, pp. 181-201, pp. 2389, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Inelastic ; Attenuation ; Elasticity ; earth mantle
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  • 57
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    The Denver earthquakes of 1967-1968 (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 731-745, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; Earthquake catalog ; BSSA
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  • 58
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    A numerical study of peak ground motion scaling (1981)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Zagreb, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1963-1979, pp. L02307, (ISSN 0343-5164)
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    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; BSSA
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  • 59
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    Amplitudenverlauf von seismischen Kernphasen und der Geschwindigkeits- und Dichtesprung an der Grenze des inneren Kern, mit einem Anhang über die Synthese theoretischer Seismogramme mit Hilfe der schnellen Hankeltransformation (1981)
    Universität Karlsruhe
    In:  Dissertation, Grenoble, Universität Karlsruhe, vol. 10, no. GL-TR-89-0230, pp. 95-134, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; PKP ; earth Core ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile ; Synthetic seismograms ; Transformations ; Hage
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  • 60
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    Regional phase processors (1981)
    VELA Seismological Center
    In:  report, Arlington, Virginia, VELA Seismological Center, vol. 10, no. VSC-TR-81-19, pp. 484-486, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Description: Polar. filter (von Smart, 1977) zur Detektion u Bestimmung des Azimuts, Anwendung auf P und Lg-Phasen in kurz-periodischen Daten der Station RKON. unterschiedlich zitiert bei Christ. und ...
    Keywords: Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Filter- ; Detectors ; Polarization
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  • 61
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    Informationsreise der seismologischen Delegation aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in die Volksrepublik China, 1.-25. März 1981 (1981)
    Inst. of Geophys., Univ. Frankfurt
    In:  Reisebericht an die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Bad Bergzabern, Inst. of Geophys., Univ. Frankfurt, vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 1-217
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Project report/description
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXIX. Synthese des Trisaccharids aus N-Acetylglucosamin, Galactose und Rhamnose einer O-determinanten Kette von Escherichia Coli (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3079-3101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building units for Oligosaccharides, XXIX. Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Chain of N-Acetylglucosamine, Galactose and Rhamnose of an O-Determinant from Escherichia coli. Dependence of Stereoselectivity of the α-Glycoside Synthesis on the Reactivity of the PyranosylhalideThe mercury salt catalysed reaction of substituted α-D-galactosyl halides with the reactive 4-OH groups of the rhamnosides 18 and 19 were studied. The order of reactivity of the halides increases with the following substituents: O-acetyl 〈 O-glucosyl 〈 O-benzyl. The order of selectivity, towards the α-glycoside, was the reverse. The selectivity can be improved by either decreasing the reactivity of the glycosyl halide, in the case of highly reactive hydroxyl groups, or by decreasing the nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl groups, in the case of highly reactive halides. Various trisaccharides, like 58 which represents the repeating-unit of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75, were synthesized from N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and rhamnose.
    Notes: Die Quecksilbersalz-katalysierte α-Glycosidsynthese von gemischt substituierten α-D-Galactosylhalogeniden mit den reaktiven 4-OH-Gruppen der Rhamnoside 18 und 19 wird untersucht. Die Reaktivität der Halogenide nimmt bei Anwesenheit der folgenden Substituenten zu: O-Acetyl 〈 O-Glycosyl 〈 O-Benzyl. Parallel dazu nehmen die Selektivität und der Anteil and α-Glycosid ab. Notwendige Selektivitätsverbesserungen können bei zu reaktiven OH-Gruppen durch Verminderung der Reaktivität des Glycosylhalogenids, bei zu reaktiven Glycosylhalogeniden durch Verminderung der Reaktivität der OH-Gruppe erzielt werden. Verschiedene Trisaccharideinheiten aus N-Acetylglucosamin, Galactose und Rhamnose werden synthetisiert, wobei 58 einer Teil-struktur der repeating-unit der O-Determinante des Lipopolysaccharids aus Escherichia coli O 75 entspricht.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140915
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    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXXI. Synthese der Repeating-Unit der O-spezifischen Kette des Lipopolysaccharides des Bakteriums Escherichia coli O 75 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3115-3125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXXI. Synthesis of the Repeating-Unit of the O-Specific Chain of the Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75Reaction of the trisaccharidehalide-block 12 with the benzyl rhamnoside 13 gave a tetrasaccharide which, after complete removal of the protecting groups, yielded the branched tetrasaccharid 1 (see german summary). This represents the repeating-unit of the O-specific chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 75. A simular reaction between the block 12 and the 8-ethoxycarbonyloctyl rhamnoside 19 leads to the tetrasaccharide 20 which contains a suitable spacer-unit for coupling with a protein to give a synthetic antigen.
    Notes: Durch eine Synthese, bei der der Trisaccharidhalogenid-Block 12 verwendet wird, läßt sich nach vollständiger Entblockierung das verzweigte Tetrasaccharid erhalten, das die repeating-unit der O-spezifischen Kette des Bakteriums Escherichia coli O 75 darstellt. Durch Verknüpfung des Blocks 12 mit dem Rhamnosid 19, einem Glycosid des 8-Ethoxycarbonyloctanols, wurde das spacer-haltige Tetrasaccharid 20 synthetisiert. Dieses ist ein Hapten, das zur Anknüpfung an ein Protein und somit zur Gewinnung eines synthetischen Antigens geeignet ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140917
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    Substituierte einkernige Carbonyleisendihydride (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3549-3557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Substituted Mononucleus Carbonyliron HydridesSubstitution of H2Fe(CO)4 by ligands like L = As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3 and P(OC6H5)3 in 1:1 ratio leads to fac monosubstituted compounds H2Fe(CO)3L. A 1:2 ratio results in the isolation of disubstituted complexes H2Fe(CO)2L2, L = P(OCH2)3CC2H5, P(OC6H5)3. The structure of H2Fe(CO)3As(C6H5)3 Was elucidated by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Substitution von H2Fe(CO)4 mit Liganden L = As(C6H5)3, Sb(C6H5)3 und P(OC6H5)3 im Molverhältnis 1:1 Führt zu fac-Monosubstitutionsverbindungen H2Fe(CO)3L. Im Verhältnis 1:2 können trans-Disubstitutionskomplexe H2Fe(CO)2L2, L = P(OCH2)3CC2H5, P(OC6H5)3, erhalten werden. Von H2Fe(CO)3As(C6H5)3 wurde eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse ausgeführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141108
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    Reaktivität des Silaethens Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolyse von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X z. B. (PhO)2PO2) in Anwesenheit von Silaethen-Fängern (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3518-3532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. (PhO)2PO2) in the Presence of Silaethene Trapping ReagentsSilaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe32 (1), generated as a reaction intermediate by the thermal elimination of LiX from Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2, combines with the reactants a-b (e. g. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si—OMe) with insertion in the a-b bond, with a = b-c-H (e. g. CH2=CMe—CH2—H) under ene-reaction and with (e. g. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC=N) under [2 +4]-, [2 + 3]- [2 + 2]- as well as [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition. Some of the cycloadducts, so obtained, are thermolabile and decompose under cycloreversion, which may lead to the formation of 1 and also to Me2Si=NSiMe3. The following order of relative reactivity of 1-trapping reagents has been found (formation of 1 at -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-butadien 〈 2.3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSin=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3SiN=N=N.
    Notes: Das durch thermische LiX-Eliminierung aus Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 als Reaktionszwischenstufe erzeugbare Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) reagiert mit Reaktanden a-b (z. B. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si-OMe) unter Insertion in die a-b-Bindung, mit a = b-c-H (z. B. CH2 CMe—CH2—H) unter En-Reaktion und mit (z. B. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC≡N) unter [2 +4]-, [2+3]-[2 + 2]- sowie [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition ab. Die erhaltenen Cycloaddukte sind zum Teil thermolabil und zerfallen unter Cycloreversion u. a. unter Bildung von 1 sowie auch Me2Si=NSiMe3. Folgende Reihe relativer Reaktivitäten von 1-Fängern wurde gefunden (Erzeugung von 1 bei -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-Butadien 〈 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ Isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3Sin=N=N.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141106
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    Aliphatische Azoverbindungen, XIII: cis- und trans-1-Azonorbornan (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3533-3548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aliphatic Azo Compounds, XIII: cis- and trans-1-AzonorbornaneThe rates of isomerisation of cis-1-azonorbornane to the trans-isomer at 96.6°C in a series of aprotic solvents follow a linear correalation with ET30. The small slope of the correlation -0.034 argues for isomerisation via semilinearisation in agreement with theory. In protic solvents the isomerisation proceeds faster possibly due to a faster isomerisation by bond rotation which could be favoured by H-bonding. The heat and the activation parameters of the isomerisation and the activation parameters of thermal decomposition of trans-1-azonorbornane allow the construction of a complete enthalpy diagram of this system. The structure of cis-1-azonorbornane was determined by X-ray analysis at -60°C. The observed angle deformations and the normal NN-bond lengths are reproduced by force field calculations.
    Notes: Die Isomerisierungsgeschwindigkeit von cis- in trans-1-Azonorbornan (1) folgt bei 96.6°C linear dem Polaritätsparameter ET30 in verschiedenen aprotischen Lösungsmitteln. Die geringe Steigung -0.034 dieser Korrelation deutet auf einen theoretisch vorgeschlagenen einfachen Inversionsmechanismus. In protischen Lösungsmitteln verläuft die Isomerisierung viel schneller, wofür ein durch H-Drücken begünstigter Rotationsmechanismus Möglich gehalten wird. Reaktionsenthalpie und Aktivierungsparameter der cis-trans-Isomerisierung und die Aktivierungsparameter der Thermolyse von trans-1-Azonorbornan gestatten die Aufstellung eines vollständigen Enthalpiediagramms. Die Struktur von cis-1 wurde durch Röntgenanalyse bei -60°C bestimmt. Die starke Winkeldeformation und der normale NN-Abstand im Kristall werden durch Kraftfeldrechnungen richtig wiedergegeben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141107
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    Metallcarbonyl-Synthesen, X: Synthese neuer Niob- und Tantal-Halbsandwichkomplexe. Molekülstruktur der Stammverbindung (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3558-3571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metalcarbonyl Syntheses, X: Synthesis of New Niobium and Tantalum Halfsandwich Complexes. Molecular Structure of the Parent Compound (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4The halfsandwich complexes (η5-C5H4CH3)Nb(CO)4 (3a), [η5-C5(CH3)5]Nb(CO)4 (3b), (η5-C5H4CH3)Ta(CO)4 (3c), and [η5-C5(CH3)5]Ta(CO)4 (3d) are accessible by reductive high-pressure carbonylation of the corresponding NbV- and TaV precursors (η5-C5R4R′)MCl4 (2a-d). Successive introduction of methyl groups in the cyclopentadienyl ring facilitates the reduction of the halogeno complexes 2a-d; moreover, the niobium complexes are more susceptible to reduction than their tantalum counterparts. Upon photolysis of the carbonyl complexes 3a-d in tetrahydrofuran, the solvens complexes of type (η5-C5R4R′)M(CO)3(THF) (4a-d) are generated. The parent compound (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1) has a regular square-pyramidal structure as shown by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die Halbsandwich-Komplexe (η-5C5H4CH3)Nb(CO)4 (3a), [η5-C5(CH3)5]Nb(CO)4 (3b), (η5-C5H4CH3)Ta(CO)4 (3c) und [η5-C5(CH3)5]Ta(CO)4 (3d) sind durch reduzierende Hochdruckcarbonylierung der entsprechenden NbV-bzw. TaV-vorstufen (η5-C5R4R′)MCl4 (2a-d) synthetisierbar. Die Reduzierbarkeit der Halogeno-Komplexe, 2a-d, wird durch sukzessive Einführung von Methyl-Substituenten in den Cyclopentadienyl-Ring erleichtert und ist bei den Niob-Verbindungen mit milderen Reduktionsmitteln als bei den analogen Tantal-Komplexen möglich. Bei der Photolyse von 3a-d in Tetrahydrofuran entstehen die Solvens-Komplexe (η5-C5R4R′)M(CO)3(THF) (4a-d). Die Stammsubstanz (η5-C5H5)Nb(CO)4 (1) wurde röntgenstrukturanalytisch untersucht und besitzt eine unverzerrt tetragonal-pyramidale Molekülstruktur.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141109
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    Komplexe von Germanium(II)-chlorid mit 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethan: Ein Halb-Chelat und ein Doppel-Ylid (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3572-3580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes of Germanium Dichloride with 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane: A Semi-Chelate and A Double-Ylide1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) reacts with the germanium dichloride dioxane complex depending on the stoichiometric ratio to give a 1:2 dppe-bridged bis(germylene) complex (1) or a 1:1 complex (2) that shows equilibration of both phosphorus atoms in 31P-NMR. The crystal structure of 2 has been determined from single crystal X-ray data. The compound crystallizes with 8 units dppe-GeCl2· 1/2 C6H6 in a unit cell of symmetry A 2/a-C2h6 in a monoclinic system. The dppe-GeCl2 molecules contain a novel semi-chelating type of coordination of the dppe ligand [distorted Ψ-trigonal bipyramidal coordination at Ge11 with an exceptionally long distance Ge-P(apical)]. 2 thus represents an intermediate structure between chelate complex and phosphorus ylid.
    Notes: 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethan (dppe) reagiert mit dem Germanium(II)-chlorid-Dioxankomplex je nach Mengenverhältnis zu einem dppe-verbrückten Bis(germylen)-Komplex (1) oder zu einem 1:1-Komplex (2), der sich durch die Äquivalenz der Phosphanfunktionen in Lösung (31PNMR) auszeichnet. 2 kristallisiert mit 1/2 C6H6 monoklin mit acht Einheiten der Formal dppe-GeCl2· 1/2 C6H6 in der Elementarzelle, Raumgruppe A 2/a-C2h6. Die verzerrt Ψ-trigonal-bipyramidale Koordination um Ge11 mit ungewöhnlich langem Abstand Ge-p(apikal) weist 2 als Komplex mit halb-chelierendem dppe-Liganden aus (Zwischenstellung zwischen Chelatkomplex und einfachem \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^{\rm + } - \mathop {{\rm Ge}}\limits^{\rm - } - {\rm Ylid} $\end{document}).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141110
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    Autoxidation von Trialkylboranen, II: 1H-NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Mechanismus der Redoxreaktion zwischen Trialkylboranen und Dialkyl(alkylperoxy)boranen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3581-3588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Autoxidation of Trialkylboranes, II: 1H NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on the Mechanism of the Redox Reaction between Trialkylboranes und Dialkyl(alkylperoxy)boranesThe intermolecular redox reaction between dimethyl(methylperoxy)borane and [D9]trimethylborane, triethylborane, tri-n-propylborane, triisopropylborane, and tri-n-butylborane, as well as between [D9]dimethyl(methylperoxy)borane and trimethylborane was investigated directly in an NMR spectrometer. From the CIDNP effects a mechanism of this redox reaction was deduced, which can be considered as generally valid for any reaction between (alkylperoxy)boranes and alkylboranes. According to this mechanism, the alkoxy group of the peroxide is transferred to the boron atom of the alkylborane after homolysis of the O—O bond. The four-coordinate boron compound eliminates instantly an alkyl radical, which forms a radical pair in the singlet state with the boroxyle radical left after the homolysis of the peroxide.
    Notes: Die intermolekularen Redoxreaktionen Zwischen Dimethyl(methylperoxy)boran und [D9]Trimethylboran, Triethylboran, Tri-n-propylboran, Triisopropylboran und Tri-n-butylboran sowie zwischen [D9]Dimethyl(methylperoxy)boran und Trimethylboran wurden in Lösung im 1H-NMR-Spektrometer untersucht. Aus den CIDNP-Effekten wird ein allgemeingültiger Mechanismus der Redoxreaktion zwischen (Alkylperoxy)boranen und Alkylboranen abgeleitet. Danach wird in einem Stoßkomplex zwischen (Alkylperoxy)boranen und Alkylboran durch Homolyse der O—O-Bindung gezielt die Alkoxygruppe des Peroxids auf das Boratom des Alkylborans übertragen. Das vierfach koordinierte Alkoxyalkylboran stößt sofort ein Alkyl-Radikal ab, welches mit dem Boroxylradikal aus der Spaltung des Peroxids zu einem Radikalpaar mit Singulett-Konfiguration der Radikalelektronen zusammenfindet.
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    Hochfluorierte Phosphor-Ylide und Phosphoniumsalze (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3589-3598 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Highly Fluorinated Phosphorus Ylides and Phosphonium SaltsThe (perfluoroalkyl)iodophosphanes n-C6F13PI2 and (n-C6F13)2PI, obtained from n-C6F13I and white phosphorus at 235°C under pressure, are converted into the chlorides n-C6F13PCI2 and (n-C6F13)2PCl with HgCl2. The chlorides are methylated with LiCH3 to form the methylphosphanes n-C6F13P(CH3)2, (6) and CH3P(n-C6F13)2 (5), respectively. Only 6, but not 5, can be quaternized with CH3I to yield a phosphonium salt, [n-C6F13P(CH3)3]I (8). In reactions of 8 with strong bases no corresponding ylide is generated, but a phosphorane n-C6F13P(CH3)4 is obtained instead. More highly fluorinated phosphonium salts could not be prepared. - The Phosphanes (CH3)2PC6F5 (11) and CH3P(C6F5)2 (12) yield onium salts [(CH3)3PC6F5]X (13) and [(CH3)2P(C6F5)2]X (14), resp., when treated with methylating agents. P(C6F5)3 undergoes dearylation reactions under comparable conditions. 13 and 14 are transformed into dark red unstable ylides, which oligomerize with autocondensation and could not be identified. From 12 and C6F5CH2Br a red ylide 17 is obtained, via the onium salt 16, which can be isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. Stable yellow ylides R3P=CHC6F5 (19a-c, R = CH3, i-C3H7, C6H5) are generated similarly from the phosphonium salts [R3PCH2C6F5]Br. Reduction of the carbanion nucleophilicity by the C6F5 groups appears to prevent autocondensation in these cases.
    Notes: Die aus weißem Phosphor und n-C6F13I bei 235°C unter Druck dargestellten (Perfluoralkyl)iodphosphane n-C6F13PI2 und (n-C6F13)2PI werden mit HgCl2 in die Chloride n-C6F13PCl2 and (n-C6F13)2PCl umgewandelt und diese mit LiCH3 in die Methylphosphane n-C6F13P(CH3)2 (6) und CH3P(n-C6F13)2 (5) übergeführt. Von diesen ist nur 6 mit CH3I quartärisierbar. Das entstehende Salz [n-C6F13P(CH)3)3]I (8) ergibt mit starken Basen nicht das korrespondierende Ylid, sondern das Phosphoran n-C6F13P(CH3)4 (10). Höher fluorierte Phosphoniumsalze sind nicht zugänglich. - Die Phosphane (CH3)2PC6F5 (11) und CH3P(C6F5)2 (12) ergeben mit Methylierungsmitteln noch die Oniumsalze [(CH3)3PC6F5]X (13)bzw. [(CH3)2P(C6F5)2]X (14). P(C6F5)3 erleidet dagegen unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen eine Entarylierung. 13 und 14 werden von starken Basen in tief rote instabile Ylide übergeführt, die durch Autokondensation oligomerisieren und nicht faßbar sind. Mit C6F5CH2Br entsteht aber aus 12 über das Oniumsalz 16 ein rotes Ylid 17, das isoliert und spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden kann. Analog ergeben sich aus Salzen [R3PCH2C6F5]Br stabile gelbe Ylide R3P=CHC6F5 (19a-c, R = CH3, i-C3H7 und C6H5). Die Verminderung der Carbanion-Nucleophilie dieser Ylide durch die C6F5-Gruppe verhindert die Autokondensation.
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    Oxidative Additionen an 2-Amino-4,4,5,5-tetrakis(trifluormethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholan (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3609-3624 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidative Additions to 2-Amino-4,4,5,5-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholaneOxidative addition of HF, Cl2 and (CF3)2CO to the title compound 6 furnishes the phosphoranes 2, 9, and 3, respectively. In the case of NH4[OC(CF3)C(CF3)2OH] (4) the hydrospirophosphorane 1 is obtained via a substitution reaction followed by an oxidative addition. Compound 9 is a precursor for the aminotetraalkoxyphosphoranes 5, 8, and the very stable phosphazene 10 which is formed by loss of HCl by thermolysis. Due to a slow ligand exchange the 19F NMR spectrum of phosphorane 3 exhibits eight magnetically non equivalent CF3 groups. By means of 19F homodecoupling experiments extensive through space coupling is found in the molecule. The x-ray structure analysis of 3 shows a slight distortion from the trigonal bipyramidal geometry at phosphorus. For comparison, F2PNH2 and tBu2PNH2 react with (CF3)2 to form (CF3)2C=NH, the aminofluorophosphorane 11, F2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (13) bzw. von tBu2P(=o) (12) and tBu2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (14), respectively.
    Notes: Durch oxidative Addition von HF, Cl2 und (CF3)2CO and die Titelverbindung 6 entstehen die Phosphorane 2, 9 und 3; mit NH4[OC(CF3)2C(CF3)2OH] (4) wird unter Abspaltung von NH3 und oxidativer Addition das Hydrophosphoran 1 erhalten. Durch Substitution von Chlor lassen sich aus 9 die Aminoalkoxyphosphorane 5 und 8 synthetisieren, während die Thermolyse unter HCl-Abspaltung zu dem äußerst beständigen Phosphazen 10 führt. Verbindung 3 zeigt im 19F-NMR-Spektrum wegen eingeschränkter dynamischer Prozesse acht magnetisch nicht äquivalente CF3-Gruppen. Durch 19F-Homoentkopplungsexperimente werden weitreichende Raumkopplungen nachgewiesen. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3 ergibt eine annähernd trigonal-bipyramidale Koordination des Phosphors, F2PNH2 und tBu2PNH2, zur vergleichenden Betrachtung herangezogen, reagieren mit Hexafluoraceton unter Bildung von (CF3)2C=NH sowie des Amino-fluorphosphorans 11 und des Phosphorsäureesters F2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (13) bzw. von tBu2P(=O)H (12) und tBu2P(=O)OCH(CF3)2 (14).
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    Au55[P(C6H5)3]12CI6  -  ein Goldcluster ungewöhnlicher Größe (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3634-3642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6- a Gold Cluster of an Exceptional sizeThe reduction of (C6H5)3PAuCl with B2H6 in benzene yields Au9,2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl which is characterized by means of molecular weight determinations as Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6. A simple model, based on an arrangement of close-packed gold atoms, leads to a gold cluster the structure of which is in good agreement with the unusual chemical composition. The Mößbauer spectrum of the compound shows four different kinds of gold atoms: a metallic part (Au13-nucleus), Au atoms coordinated by P(C6H5)3 and Cl ligands, resp., as well as uncoordinated surface gold. The complex can be decomposed by bromine and iodine to (C6H5)3PAuCl, (C6H5)3PAuBr(I), and metallic gold. The thermolysis at 50°C leads to [(C6H5)3P]2AuCl and gold quantitatively.
    Notes: Die Reduktion von C6H5)3PAuCl mit B2H6 in Benzol ergibt Au9,2[P(C6H5)3]2Cl, das mittels Molmassebestimmungen als Au55[P(C6H5)3]12Cl6 charakterisiert wurde. Ein einfaches Modell, beruhend auf einer Anordnung dichtest gepackter Goldatome, führt zu einem Goldcluster, dessen Aufbau mit der ungewöhnlichen chemischen Zusammensetzung in guter Übereinstimmung ist. Das Mößbauer-Spektrum der Verbindung zeigt vier Sorten von Goldatomen: einen metallischen Anteil (Au13-Kern), durch P(C6H5)3-bzw. Cl-Liganden Koordinierte Au-Atome, sowie unkoordi-niertes Oberflächengold. Mit Brom und lod läß sich der Komplex zu (C6H5)3PAuCl, (C6H5)3 PAuBr(I) und metallischem Gold abbauen. Die Thermolyse bei 50°C führt quantitativ zu [(C6H5)3P]2AuCl und Gold.
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    Cyanamidiumsalze: Bildung und Bau (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3655-3666 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyanamidium Salts: Their Formation and Molecular StructureThe hexachloroantimonate 6a, is prepared by methylation of di-tert-butylcarbodiimide. According to an X-ray analysis, 6a is not a carbodiimidium salt 1) but a cyanamidium salt with C2ν symmetry of the molecular frame. the cyanamidium salts 6a - j, are prepared either by alkylation of carbodiimides1) or by alkylation of disubstituted cyanamides. Trisubstituted ureas or their thio analogues are not suitable starting materials for the preparation of compounds 6. Reactions of the cyanamidium salts 6 with HCl, water, and diethylamine are described.
    Notes: Das durch Methylierung von Di-tert-butylcarbodiimid erhältliche Hexachloroantimonate 6a liegt nach einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse nicht als Carbodiimidium-1), sondern als Cyanamidiumsalz mit C2ν-Symmetrie des Molekülgerüstes vor. Die Cyanamidiumsalze 6a - j werden außer durch Alkylierung von Carbodiimiden 1) auch durch Alkylierung von disubstituierten Cyanamiden erhalten. Trisubstituierte Harnstoffe oder Thioharnstoffe sind keine geeigneten Ausgangsverbindungen zur Darstellung der salze 6. Es werden Umsetzungen der cyanamidiumsalze 6 mit HCl, Wasser und Diethylamin beschrieben.
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    Übergangsmetallaktivierte organische Verbindungen, X: Synthese und Eigenschaften von all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrrolen) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3674-3683 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition metal Activated Organic compounds, X: Synthesis and Properties of all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrroles)all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrroles) with 2 - 6, 8 and 16 pyrrole units (2 - 8) were synthesized by lithiation of N-methylpyrrole, subsequent reaction with transition metal halides (best yields with NiCl2 as a rule) and repetitions of these processes. These compounds are surprisingly sensitive to heat and light.
    Notes: all-α-Poly(N-methylpyrrole) mit 2 - 6, 8 und 16 Pyrroleinheiten (2 - 8) wurden durch Lithiierung von N-Methylpyrrol, Umsetzung mit Übergangsmetallhalogeniden (beste Ausbeute meist mit NiCl2) und Wiederholungen dieser Prozesse synthetisiert. Diese Verbindungen sind überraschend empfindlich gegen Hitze und Licht.
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    Übergangsmetallaktivierte organische Verbindungen, IX: Synthese von Polyfuranen durch metallorganische oxidative Kupplung (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3667-3673 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Activated Organic Compounds, IX: Synthesis of Polyfurans by Organometallic Oxidative Coupling2,2′- (2a) and 3,3′-bifuran (3), hitherto only accessible by ring-forming syntheses in small yields, and the unknown compounds all-α-terfuran (2b) and all-α-quaterfuran (2c) have been prepared by convenient ring-Connecting syntheses in 85, 46, 16, or 53% yield, respectively. Lithiation of 2a and subsequent reacting with iodine afforded 5-iodo-2,2′-bifuran (6b, 46%). According to competition experiments acidity against n-butyllithium is increasing in the sequence furan 〈 2a, 〈 2b.
    Notes: 2,2′ - (2a) und 3,3′-Bifuran (3), bisher nur durch ringbildende mehrstufige Synthesen in geringer Ausbeute zugänglich, sowie die noch nicht beschriebenen Verbindungen all-α-Terfuran (2b) und all-α-Quaterfuran (2c wurden durch leicht durchführbare ringverknüpfende Synthesen in 85, 46, 16 bzw. 53proz. Ausbeute erhalten. Lithiierung von 2a und Umsetzung mit Iod führte zu 5-Iod-2,2′-bifuran (6b. 46%). Durch Konkurrenzversuche wurde ansteigende Acidität gegen n-Butyllithium in der Reihe Furan 〈 2a 〈 2b festgestellt.
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    Metallhydrazide, XIX: Addition bis(diethylaluminio)substituierter Amidrazone und Carbohydrazide an Nitrile (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3684-3690 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Hydrazides, XIX: Addition of Bis(diethylaluminio)-substituted Amidrazones and Carbohydrazides to NitrilesAmidrazones and carbohydrazides react with two equivalents of triethylaluminium to give bis (diethylaluminio) derivatives 1 and 7, respectively. In contrast to the corresponding mono(diethylaluminio)derivatives or disodium salts, these are capable of addition to nitriles with formation of N1-(aminomethylene)amidrazones(4; 81 - 95%) or N1-acylamidrazones (8 and 9; 56 - 85%), respectively.
    Notes: Amidrazone und Carbohydrazide reagieren mit zwei Äquivalenten Triethylaluminium zu Bis(diethylaluminio)-Derivaten 1 bzw. 7, die sich anders als die entsprechenden Mono(diethylaluminio)-Derivate oder Dinatriumsalze glatt an Nitrile addieren. Man erhält N1-(Aminomethylen)amidrazone (4; 81 - 95%) bzw. N1-Acylamidrazone (8 und 9; 56 - 85%).
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    Über die Bildung von Trichlorosulfonium (IV)-hexafluoro-arsenat(V) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3737-3739 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Formation of Trichlorosulfonium (IV) Hexafluoroarsenate(V)Sulfur reacts with chlorine and arsenic Trifluoride under pressure to give [SCl3]+[AsF6]-. As an intermediate oxidizing substance [AsCI4]+ is identified by spectroscopy. Depolarization-Raman-spectra confirm the assignment made in literature.
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    Additionen von Carbonsäure-Dianionen an α, β-ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen - Steuerung der 1,2-/1,4-Regioselektivität durch sterische Substituenteneffekte (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3701-3724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Additions of Carboxylic Acid Dianions to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds - Control of the 1,2-/1,4-Regioselectivity by Steric substituent EffectsDilithium carboxylic acid dianions 1 attack α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (2) 1,2-regiospecifically with formation of the unsaturated β-hydroxy carboxylic acids 3/4. Additionally, the addition of the phenylacetate dianion 1a can be conducted to the threo-isomer with high selectivity by reversible reaction. - α,β-Enones (8) add 1 irreversibly in 1,2- and 1,4-position. Depending on the substitution pattern, the whole range from pure 1,2- to pure 1,4-adduct is covered. The influence of the 1-counterion M and of the solvent is significant; the 1,4-portion increases with the complexing effect of M and with the Lewis-basicity of the solvent.
    Notes: Dilithiumcarbonsäure-Dianionen 1 addieren sich an α,β-ungesättigte Aldehyde (2) 1,2-regiospezifisch unter Bildung der γ,δ-ungesättigten β-Hydroxycarbonsäuren 3/4, wobei im falle des Phenylessigsäure-Dianions (1a)die Addition durch reversible Reaktionsführung zu hoher threo -Selektivität gesteuert werden kann. - α,β-Enone (8) nehmen 1 irreversibel in 1,2- und 1,4-Position auf, wobei nach Maßgabe der Substituenten das gesamte Spektrum von reinem 1,2- zu reinem 1,4-Addukt überstrichen wird. Bei gleichbleibendem Substitutionsmuster steigt der 1,4-Anteil mit der komplexierenden Wirkung der Gegenionen von 1 und mit der Lewis-Basizität des Solvens.
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    Synthese mittlerer und großer Ringe, II: Funktionalisierte Cyclodecene und Cyclodecadiene durch Ringerweiterung des Cyclooctins (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3725-3736 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Medium and Large Rings, II: Cyclodecenes and Cyclodecadienes with Functional Groups by Ring Expansion of CyclooctyneThe Diels-Alder adduct 1 from cyclooctyne and diethyl 3,4-furandicarboxylate gives by photolysis and subseqent thermolysis of the resulting oxaquadricyclane 2 the β,β′-bridged hexano-oxepin 3. Oxidative cleavage of one C=C double bond of 3 leads to the monocyclic cyclodecenone derivative 5 which can be converted to cyclodecadienes of the type 6 with an anellated butenolide ring. 6a - c, are chiral butadiene derivatives. 6a can be cleaved with acid or base to give the cyclodecenone 7 or the dicarboxylic acid 8.
    Notes: Das Diels-Alder-Addukt 1 aus cyclooctin und 3,4-Furandicarbonsäure-diethylester liefert durch Photolyse und anschließende Thermolyse des Oxaquadricyclans 2 das β,β′-überbrückte hexanooxepin 3. Die oxidative Spaltung einer C=C-Doppelbindung von3 führt zum monocyclischen cyclodecenon 5, das sich zu Cyclodecadienen des Typs 6 mit anelliertem Butenolidring abwandeln läßt. 6a - c enthalten eine chirale Butadien-Struktur. Durch Keton- bzw. Säurespaltung von 6a erhält man das Cyclodecenon 7 bzw. die Dicarbonsäure 8. Mögliche Anwendungen des Verfahrens, das die Einführung von funktionellen Gruppen an vier benachbarten C-Atomen des Zehnringes erlaubt, werden besprochen.
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    Lineare Oligophosphaalkane, III: Synthese und Stereochemie von Palladium(II)-Komplexen chiraler Tetraphosphaalkane H2-nRnP—[CH2]3 — PR′ — m[CH2]m — PR′ — [CH2]3 — PRnH2-n(R, R′, = Me, tBu; m = 2, 3; n = 1, 2) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3691-3700 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Linear Oligophosphaalkanes, III: Syntheses and stereochemistry of Palladium (II) Complexes of chiral Tetraphosphaalkanes H2-nRnP—[CH2]3 — PR′ — [CH2]m — PR′ — [CH2]3 — PRnH2-n(R, R′, = Me, tBu; m = 2, 3; n = 1, 2)The reaction of the chiral tetradentate ligands L of the title with K2PdCl4 affords the complexes Pd(L)Cl2 (2a - e), which for n = 1 may exist as ten (square pyramidal) or six (square planar coordination geometry) isomers. By suitable choice of the substituents R and size of the chelate rings (m + 3) the number of isomers may be reduced to two or three. The detailed investigation of the complexes 2a - e by means of 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy offers the possibility to identify their stereochemistry. - Monodeprotonation of 2a (R = Me; m = 3; n = 1) and 2d (R = Me; m = 2; n = 1) by KOH or the OH- Form of anion exchange resin yields the phosphido complexes 3a and d (not isolated). Both compounds are oxidized by air with formation of the phosphanoxidophosphane complexes 4a and d, which exist as two or three configurational isomers with units Pd—P(O)Me—.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der im Titel genannten vierzähnigen Liganden L mit k2PdCl4 liefert die Komplexe Pd(L)Cl2(2a-e)w, die für n = 1 in Form von zehn (quadratisch pyramidale Ligandenanordnung) bzw. sechs (planare Koordinationsgeometrie) Konfigurationsisomeren vorliegen können. Durch geeignete Wahl der substituenten R und der Chelatringgröße (m + 3) läßt sich die Zahl der Isomeren auf zwei bzw. drei reduzieren. Die detaillierte 31P{1H}-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung der Komplexe 2a - e erlaubt die Identifizierung der Stereochemie der Isomeren. - Die durch Monodeprotonierung von 2a (R = Me; m = 3; n = 1) und 2d(R = Me; m = 2; n = 1) mit KOH oder der OH- -Form eines Anionentauschers gebildeten Phosphidokomplexe 3a and d werden durch Luftsauerstoff zu den phosphanoxidophosphan-komplexen 4a und d oxidiert, bei denen zwei bzw. drei Konfigurationsisomere mit P-gebundenen Phosphanoxido-Einheiten Pd—P(O)Me— vorliegen.
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    Masthead (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141201
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    Reaktionen mit Aziridinen (Aziranen), XXVI: Aminkatalysierte Amidoethylierungen von β-Dicarbonylverbindungen Eine einfache Synthese von 2-Methylpyrrol-1,3-dicarbonester (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3599-3608 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines (Aziranes), XXVI: Amine Catalyzed Amidoethylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Simple Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylateEsters of nonsubstituted and monosubstituted malonic, cyanoacetic, and β-keto acids are easily C-amidoethylated by N-acylaziridines in the presence of triethylamine. In this amine catalyzed reaction the acylaziridines show different degrees of reactivity. Often the products cannot be obtained by the known amidoethylation procedure or but in smaller yields. The new product 3g may smoothly be converted to the pyrroline 9 and further to the 2-methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylate 10. - Divergent from earlier results, the primary amidoethylation product can be isolated from the known sodium salt reaction of tert-butyl acetoacetate with nonbulky acylaziridines. This product is cleaved by trifluoroacetic acid with remarkable easiness to yield the corresponding amidoethyl derivative of acetone.
    Notes: Unsubstituierte und monosubstituierte Malonester, Cyanessigester und β-Ketoester werden in Gegenwart von Triethylamin durch N-Acylaziridine leicht am C amidoethyliert, dabei zeigt sich eine Reaktivitätsabstufung der N-Acylaziridine. Die Produkte sind oft durch die bisher bekannte Amidoethylierung nicht oder nicht in so guten Ausbeuten zugänglich. Das neue Produkt 3g läßt sich glatt zum Pyrrolin 9 und weiter zum 2-Methylpyrrol-1,3-dicarbonester 10 umwandeln. - Abweichend von bisherigen Ergebnissen kann man aus Acetessigsäure-tert-butylester nach der bekannten Natriumsalzmethode auch mit nichtsperrigen Acylaziridinen das Primärprodukt fassen, das mit Trifluoressigsäure bemerkenswert leicht zum entsprechenden Amidoethylderivat des Acetons gespalten wird.
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    Elektrochemische Synthesen, XVIII: Reaktionen des Naphthalinradikalkations mit Nucleophilen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3643-3654 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical Syntheses, XVIII: Reactions of the Radical Cation of Naphthalene with NucleophilesSolid naphthalene radical cation hexafluorophosphate at -77°C reacts with tetrabutylammonium cyanide, acetate, thiocyanate, and chloride in dichloromethane in up to 38% current efficiency referred to the corresponding naphthalene derivatives.
    Notes: Festes Naphthalinradikalkation-hexafluorophosphat reagiert bei -77°C in Dichlormethan mit Tetrabutylammonium-cyanid,- acetat, -thiocyanat und -chlorid mit bis zu 38% Stromausbeute zu den entsprechenden Naphthalinderivaten.
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    Umlagerungen vinyloger Carbonsäurechloride, XXX: Thermische Umlagerungen von chlor- und organylthiosubstituierten (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-Pentadienalen und -onen zu (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-Pentadienthiosäure-S-estern (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3625-3633 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Rearrangements of Vinylogous Acyl Chlorides, XXX: Thermal Rearrangements of Chloro- and Organylthio-substituted (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-Pentadienals and -ones to (2Z, 4Z)-2,4-PentadienethioatesThe pentadienals 2 are prepared by reduction of the corresponding acyl Chlorides 1. The ketone 2d is synthesized from 1b with lithium tert-butyl(phenylthio)cuprate. Elimination of methyl chloride and cyclization occurs on treatment of 1a with AlCl3 giving the 2H-thiopyran-2-one 8. In boiling carbontetrachloride the aldehydes 2 rearrange by 1,5-chlorine shift completely and stereospecifically into the thioates 3. The analogous reaction 2d → 3d is no stereospecific. As expected, compounds 2 and 3 may be converted into the same 4H-pyran-4-ones 6. The rearrangement 2 → 3 is accelerated by RS-groups instead of chlorine in the 5-position and decelerated in the 3-position. The substituent influences and the reaction mechanism are discussed.
    Notes: Die Pentadienale 2 werden durch Reduktion der entsprechenden Säurechloride 1, dargestellt. Das Keton 2d wird aus 1b mit Lithium-tert-butyl(phenylthio)cuprat synthetisiert. 1a spaltet unter der Wirkung von AlCl3 Methylchlorid ab und cyclisiert zum 2H-Thiopyran-2-on 8. Die Aldehyde 2 lagern sich in siedendem Tetrachlorkohlenstoff unter 1,5-Chlorwanderung vollständig und stereospezifisch in die Thioester 3 um. Die analoge Reaktion 2d → 3d ist nicht stereospezifisch. Erwartungsgemäß liefern die Verbindungen 2 und 3 die gleichen 4H-Pyran-4-one 6. Die Umlagerung 2 → 3 wird durch RS-Gruppen an Stelle von Chloratomen in 5-Stellung beschleunigt und in 3-Stellung verlangsamt. Die Substituenteneinflüsse und der Reaktionsmechanismus werden diskutiert.
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    Das Energieprofil des o-Chinodimethan ⇄ Benzocyclobuten-Gleichgewichtes, II (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3741-3750 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Profile of the o-Quinodimethane ⇄ Benzocyclobutene Equilibrium, IIThe kinetics of the decomposition of keton 3 yielding o-quinodimethane (2) (Ea = 25.6 kcal/mol; A = 3.1 × 1013s-1) and its cyclisation to benzocyclobutene (1) (Ea = 26.9 kcal/mol; A = 2.1 × 1012 S-1) is measured by shock tube technic. From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium 1 ⇄ 2 which is studied by the same method, the enthalpy of formation of o-quinodimethane 2 is established to be ΔHfo (g) = 60.8 kcal/mol.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Stoßrohr-Technik werden ausgehend vom Keton 3 Aktivierungsparameter für die Bildung des o-Chinodimethans (2) (Ea = 25.6kcal/mol; A = 3.1 × 10 13 S-1) und dessen Weiterreaktion zum Benzocyclobuten (1) (Ea = 26.9 kcal/mol; A = 2.1 × 1012 S-1) bestimmt. Mit der gleichen Technik wird aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Gleichgewichtes 1 ⇄ 2 die Bildungsenthalpie des o-Chinodimethans (2) zu ΔHfo (g) = 60.8 kcal/mol abgeleitet.
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    Stereoisomerisierungen von Keteniminen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3751-3771 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereoisomerization of Ketene IminesBarriers to racemization in solution of the ketene imines 1a-y and X-ray structures of the ketene imines 1s and z are described. Similar to allenes all ketene imines have dihedral angles of 90° between the C-and N-substituents. The barriers to racemization range from 30 to 63 kJmol-1 and are lowered by electron attracting substituents on C and N. The barriers of m-and p-substituted N-arylketene imines give a linear Hammett correlation with σ- constants. N-Arylketene imines racemize through inversion at nitrogen and simultaneous rotation of the aryl group around the N- aryl bond.
    Notes: Es werden Racemisierungsbarrieren der Ketenimine 1a-y in Lösung und Röntgenstrukturanalysen der Ketenimine 1s und z beschrieben. Alle Ketenimine haben ein allenartig gewinkeltes Molekülgerüst mit Torsionswinkeln von 90° zwischen den C- und N-Substituenten. Die Racemisierungsbarrieren (ΔG≠) liegen zwischen 30 und 63 KJmol -1 und werden durch elektronenziehende Substituenten am C- und N-Ende erniedrigt. Die Racemisierungsbarrieren m-und p-substituierter N-Arylketenimine korrelieren nach Hammett linear mit σ- - Werten. N-Arylketenimine racemisieren durch inversion am Stickstoff und synchrone Rotation des Arylrestes um die N-Arylbindung.
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    Alkine und Cumulene, XV: Über die Photodimerisierung konjugierter Enine (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3772-3788 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkynes and Cumulenes, XV: On the Photodimerization of Conjugated EnynesOn irradiation in the presence of triplet sensitizers having a triplet energy 〉 250 KJ/mol, vinylacetylene (1a) dimerizes to cis-and trans-1,2-diethynylcyclobutane (cis and trans-2) as well as minor amounts of 4-ethynyl-1-vinylcyclobutene (3). The effect of substituents on the course of the reaction is investigated: whereas alkyl, vinyl, and phenyl substituents, respectively, in the 4-position of 1a do not influence the photoaddition, 2-substituted enynes yield the corresponding cyclobutanes in poor yields only. Finally, 1-substituted vinylacetylenes (besides the substituents mentioned above the influence of ethynyl, chloro, and methoxy groups has been investigated) do not provide photodimers; they are cis-trans-isomerized instead. The mechanism of the photoaddition is discussed.
    Notes: Vinylacetylen (1a) dimerisiert bie Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Triplettsensibilisatoren mit einer Triplettenergie 〉 250 KJ/mol zu cis- und trans-1,2-Diethinylcyclobutan (cis- und trans-2) sowie kleineren Mengen an 4-Ethinyl-1-vinylcyclobuten (3). Die Auswirkung von Substituenten auf diese Reaktion wird untersucht: während Alkyl-, Vinyl- und Phenylsubstituenten in 4-Stellung von 1a keinen Einfluß auf die Photoaddition haben, dimerisieren 2-substituierte Enine nur noch in schlechten Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Cyclobutanen. Schließlich bilden. 1-Substituierte Vinylacetylene (außer den obigen Substituenten wurde der Einfluß von Ethinyl-, Chlor - und Methoxyresten untersucht) keine Photodimeren, sondern werden lediglich cis-trans-isomerisiert. Der Mechanismus der Photoaddition wird diskutiert.
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    Wanderungstendenzen cyclischer, polycyclischer und methylverzweigter Alkylreste bei der Beckmann-Umlagerung (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3831-3854 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Migration Aptitudes of Cyclic, Polycyclic, and Branched Alkyl Groups in the Beckmann RearrangementsThe migration aptitudes of polycyclic bridgehead groups, cycloalkyl groups as well as of β-γ-and δ-branched alkyl groups in the Chapman variant of the Beckmann rearrangement were determined. From these data it is concluded that at transition state 2 the migrating group is not resembling a planarised carbenium ion R+, but rather a pentacoordinated carbonium ion structure. Because only small geometrical changes occur in the migrating group vertical stabilisation4) of charge at transition state is believed to have significant influence on the migration aptitudes.
    Notes: Die Wanderungstendenzen von polycyclischen Brückenkopfresten, Cycloalkylresten sowie β, γ-und -δ-verzweigten Alkylresten bei der Chapman-Variante der Beckmann-Umlagerung wurden bestimmt. Sie zeigen, daß die wandernde Gruppe im Übergangszustand 2 nicht Carbenium-Ionen-Charakter hat, sondern nach weitgehender Beibehaltung ihrer Geometrie eher einer Fünffach koordinierten Carboniumstruktur entspricht, die im Zuge der Umlagerungsreaktion vertikal stabilisiert4 werden kann.
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    Vom Ionenpaar zum Radikalkomplex: Koordinationsverbindungen des reduzierten 2,2′-Bipyridins mit Organometall-Kationen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3789-3800 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From Ion Pairs to Radical Complexes: Coordination Compounds of Reduced 2,2′-Bipyridine with Organometallic CationsReduced 2,2′-bipyridine, bipy-·, forms paramagnetic complexes with organometallic cations RnM+ containing metals of the first three groups of the periodic system (n = 0, 1,2). The persistent radicals [RnM)bipy]· have been identified and studied by high resolution electron spin resonance. Their ESR coupling constants can be correlated excellently with results from HMO calculations and exhibit a typical sequence of cations RnM+: K+, Na+, Li+, PhMg+, PhZn+, Me2Ga+, PhBe+, Ph2B+, R2Al+. This series exemplifies the continuous variation from genuine paramagnetic „ion pairs“ mostly covalently bonded radical complexes.
    Notes: Reduziertes 2,2′-Bipyridin, bipy-·, bildet paramagnetische Komplexe mit metallorganischen Kationen RnM+ aus den ersten drei Gruppen des Periodensystems (n = 0, 1, 2). Die beständigen Radikale [(RnM) bipy]· lassen sich durch hochauflösende Elektronenspinresonanz nachweisen und untersuchen. Ihre ESR-Kopplungskonstanten können vorzüglich mit den Ergebnissen von HMO-Berechnungen korreliert werden, man erhält so eine charakteristische Reihenfolge der Kationen RnM+: K+, Na+, Li+, PhMg+, PhZn+, Me2Ga+, PhBe+, Ph2B+, R2Al+. Diese Serie überdeckt lückenlos den Bereich von echten, paramagnetischen „Ionenpaaren“ bis hin zu überwiegend kovalent aufgebauten Radikalkomplexen.
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    Borimide und Borylnitrene beim Zerfall von Diaminoazidoboranen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3801-3812 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Imides and Borylnitrenes by Decomposition of DiaminoazidoboranesGas phase thermolysis of azidoboranes (R2N)2BN3 (1a, b) at 450-485°C gives the products 2a (by retro ene-reaction) and 4b (by intramolecular 1,2-alkylohydrogenation), respectively, both from boron imides R2N—B=N—NR2 (9a, b) as intermediates; furthermore, 3a is isolated from the thermolysis of 1a via a borylnitrene (R2N)2B—N by intramolecular 1,1-alkylohydrogenation. The photolysis of 1a, b generates the borylnitrenes 10a, b as intermediates, which are stabilized by an intermolecular reaction to 7a and 8b, respectively; the nitrene 10a can be trapped by ethyloboration with BEt3.
    Notes: Bei der Gasphasenthermolyse der Azidoborane (R2N)2BN3 (1a, b) bei 450-485°C erhält man Produkte 2a bzw. 4b, die aus den Borimiden R2N — B = N — NR2 (9a, b) durch eine Retro-En-Reaktion bzw. durch eine intramolekulare 1,2-Alkylohydrierung der B=N-Bindung hervorgehen; die Thermolyse von 1a führt daneben zu 3a, einem Folgeprodukt der intramolekularen 1,1-Alkylohydrierung des entsprechenden Borylnitrens (R2N)2B—N. Die Photolyse von 1a, b ergibt die Borylnitrene 10a, b als Zwischenstufen, die intermolekular zu 7a bzw. 8b weiterreagieren; das Nitren 10a läßt sich mit BEt3 durch Ethyloborierung abfangen.
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    Alkylwanderungen bei Sextettumlagerungen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3813-3830 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Migration of Alkyl Group in Sextett RearrangementsThe migration aptitude of alkyl groups in the Beckmann-, the Criegee-, and the isonitrile-nitrile rearrangements were investigated. The relative rearrangement rates of substituted benzyl groups are an expression of the charge on the migrating carbon at transition state. From the relative rates of migration of exo- and endo- 2- norbornyl group the geometrical changes at the migrating carbon are estimated. Finally, The different influence of α-branching in the migrating group is discussed for these and some other rearrangements.
    Notes: Die Wanderungstendenzen von Alkylgruppen bei der Beckmann- Criegee- und Isonitril-Nitril-Umlagerung werden untersucht. Aus den relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der substituierten Benzylreste werden Rückschlüsse auf die Ladungsverteilung im Übergangszustand dieser Reaktionen gezogen und aus dem Verhältnis der Wanderungstendenzen des exo und endo- 2- Norbornylrestes auf die Geometrie der wandernden Gruppe im Übergangszustand. Der in verschiedenen Sextettumlagerungen unterschiedliche Einfluß der α-Methylverzweigung in der wandernden Gruppe wird interpretiert.
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    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von und Reaktionen mit metallhaltigen Heterocyclen, XXI: Ringkontraktion, Kristallstrukturen, Eigenschaften und Stabilität von Manganacycloalkanen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3855-3862 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of, and Reaction with, Metal-Containing Heterocycles, XXI: Ring Contraction, Crystal Structures, Properties, and Stability of ManganacycloalkanesWhen the manganacyclohexane derivative (1) is warmed in a sealed tube to 100°C in n-hexane it is changed, probably via a hydridic alkenyl step, to the ring-contracted cyclopentane (2). Crystals of 1 and 2 are orthorhombic and monoclinic, space groups P212121 and P21/c, respectively, with Z = 4. In the Mn — C σ bond of 2 CO and SO2 can be inserted with formation of the cyclic compounds (3) and (4).
    Notes: Das Manganacyclohexan-Derivat (1) lagert sich beim Erwärmen im Einschlußrohr auf 100°C in n-Hexan, wahrscheinlich über eine hydridische Alkenylstufe, zum ringverengten Cyclopentan (2) um. 1 und 2 kristallisieren orthorhombisch bzw. monoklin in den Raumgruppen P212121 bzw. P21/c mit Z = 4. In die Mn — C-σ-Bindung von 2 läßt sich CO und SO2 einschieben unter Bildung der cyclischen Verbindungen (3) und (4).
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    Umsetzungen mit Monohydrazonen von Dicarbonylverbindungen, X: 2-(Dimethylhydrazono)propanal als Reagens zur Synthese von 1,4-Diketonen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3863-3877 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Monohydrazones of Dicarbonyl Compounds, X: 2-(Dimethylhydrazono)propanal as a Reagent for the Synthesis of 1,4-DiketonesMonohydrazones 7 of unsaturated 1,4-diketones can be prepared by the reaction of methyleneactive ketones 1a-x with 2-(dimethylhydrazono)propanal (5a). From these products unsaturated 8 and saturated 1,4-diketones (9) are obtained in high yield. Reduction of the diketone monodimethylhydrazones 7g, h, i, p, q with sodium borohydride and subsequent hydrolysis leads to the formation of furans 23and/or N-aminopyrroles 24. The synthesis of a Δ1-pyrrolin 30, which was isolated from the poison gland of the South African thief ant Solenopsis punctaticeps is described7.
    Notes: 2-(Dimethylhydrazono)propanal (5a) läßt sich mit CH-aciden Verbindungen 1a-x, die eine α-ständige Methylengruppe enthalten, zu Hydrazonopropyliden-Derivaten 7a-x umsetzen. Durch Hydrolyse erhält man ungesättigte, 1,4-Diketone 8 und durch deren Reduktion gesättigte 1,4-Diketone 9. Die Monohydrazone 7g, h, i, p, q ergeben nach Borhydrid-Reduktion und Hydrolyse Furane 23 und / oder N-Aminopyrrole 24. Katalytische Hydrierung des Diketon-monodimethyl hydrazons 29 liefert das Δ1-pyrrolin 30, ein Abwehrstoff der aus der Giftdrüse der südafrikanischen Feuerameise Solenopsis punctaticeps isoliert wurde7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141210
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    Molekül- und Kristallstrukturen zweier Carbodiphosphorane mit P—C—P-Bindungswinkeln nahe 120° (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3070-3078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular and Crystal Structures of Two Carbodiphosphoranes with P—C—P Bond Angles Near 120°sym-Dimethyltetraphenylcarbodiphosphorane (1) and the cyclic carbodiphosphorane 2 show in the crystalline state the smallest P=C=P bond angles (121.8(3) and 116.7 (7)°, respectively) observed so far among compounds of this type. The lengths of the ylidic P=C bonds (164.8 (4) pm in 1, 164.5 (12) and 165.3 (14) pm in 2) are within the double bond range. In 1 two phenyl rings are parallel with a mutual distance of 328 pm; in the crystal phenyl ring layers are formed. This favourable packing of the phenyl groups should be the reason for the small P—C—P bond angle, whose easy bending is thus demonstrated again.
    Notes: sym-Dimethyltetraphenylcarbodiphosphoran (1) und das cyclische Carbodiphosphoran 2 haben im Kristall mit 121.8 (3) bzw. 116.7 (7)° die kleinsten P=C=P-Bindungswinkel, die bisher bei Vertretern dieser Verbindungsklasse gefunden wurden. Die ylidischen P=C-Bindungslängen (164.8 (4) pm bei 1, 164.5 (12) bzw. 165.3 (14) pm bei 2) liegen im Doppelbindungsbereich. Bei 1 sind zwei Phenylringe mit einem Abstand von 328 pm parallel zueinander; im Kristall bilden sich Phenylring-Schichten aus. Diese günstige Packung der Phenylgruppen dürfte die Ursache für den kleinen P—C—P-Bindungswinkel sein, dessen leichte Deformierbarkeit damit erneut unter Beweis gestellt wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140914
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  • 95
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    Natürlich vorkommende Terpen-Derivate, 3061) Synthese eines Furansesquiterpens aus Eumorphia prostata (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Naturally Occuring Terpene Derivatives, 3061) Synthesis of a Furan Sesquiterpene from Eumorphia prostataStarting with 5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) through the intermediate 4 the cyclopentene carbaldyhydes 5 und 6 were synthesized. Wittig reaction led to the epimeric nitriles 7 und 8, which after conversion to the aldehydes 9 and 10 on reaction with β-furyllithium afforded the carbinols 11 and 12. Manganese dioxide oxidation yielded the ketones 13 and 14, their spectral data being in agreement with those of the natural compounds.
    Notes: Ausgehend von 5-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on (1) werden über das Zwischenprodukt 4 die Cyclopentancarbaldehyde 5 und 6 synthetisiert. Wittig-Reaktion führt zu den epimeren Nitrilen 7 und 8, die nach Überführung in die Aldehyde 9 und 10 durch Reaktion mit β-Furyllithium die Carbinole 11 und 12 liefern. Mangandioxid-Oxidation gibt die Ketone 13 und 14, deren spektroskopischen Daten mit denen der Naturstoffe übereinstimmen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140124
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  • 96
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    Über die Umsetzung von Benzofuroxan mit Ketonen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 246-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Benzofuroxan with KetonesReaction of branched-chain ketones 4 with benzofuroxan (1) in the presence of ammonia yields o-quinoid 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-2,3,3-trialkylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides 6. The same procedure with KOH catalysis gives the corresponding 2-hydroxy compounds. A synthesis of spiro compounds 16 by using acetylcycloalkanes 15 in this reaction is described. Under different reaction conditions. the reduction products of these compounds were 1,2-dihydro-2,2,3-trialkyl-1-quinoxalinol 4-oxides 19, 22, 23, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,2,3-trialkylquinoxalines 21, 24, 25 and 1,2-dihydro-2,2,3-trialkylquinoxalines 20, 26.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von verzweigten Ketonen 4 mit Benzofuroxan (1) in Gegenwart von Ammoniak werden o-chinoide 2-Amino-2,3-dihydro-2,3,3,-trialkylchinoxalin-1,4-dioxide (6), in Gegenwart von KOH die analogen 2-Hydroxyverbindungen erhalten. Der Einsatz von Acetylcycloalkanen (15) führt zur Synthese von Spiroverbindungen 16. Als Reduktionsprodukte der genannten Verbindungen werden 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,3-trialkyl-1-chinoxalinol-4-oxide 19, 22, 23, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2,2,3-trialkylchinoxaline 21, 24, 25 und 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,3-trialkylchinoxaline 20, 26 bei unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140127
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  • 97
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    Synthesen, ESR- und ENDOR-Untersuchungen hochverdrillter phenylsubstituierter Radikalanionen (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 254-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses ESR, and ENDOR Studies of Highly Twisted Phenyl Substituted Radical AnionsThe synthesis of a variety of phenyl substituted and partially deuterated derivatives of anthracene. naphthalene benzo[b]triphenylene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene is given. By performing ESR, ENDOR, and TRIPLE experiments the hyperfine coupling constants, including their signs, of the respective radical anions are determined. Regarding the spin distributions within the phenyl substituents it is shown that the conventional sequence of the hyperfine couplings |HparaH|≥ |HaorthoH| 〉 |HmetaH| is not always valid. These results are interpreted in terms of a significant π-σ-mixing, i. e. a phenyl hyperconjugation effect.
    Notes: Die Synthese phenylsubstituierter, zum Teil deuterierter Abkömmlinge des Anthracens, des Naphthalins, des Benzo[b]triphenylens und des Benzo[k]fluoranthens wird beschrieben. Mit Hilfe von ESR-, ENDOR- und TRIPLE-Experimenten werden die Hyperfeinkopplungskonstanten der korrespondierenden Radikalanionen einschließlich ihrer relativen Vorzeichen bestimmt und den jeweiligen Molekülpositionen zugeordnet. Für einige der untersuchten Systeme wird gezeigt, daß in der Spindichteverteilung der Phenylsubstituenten verdrillungsbedingte Abweichungen von der konventionellen Sequenz |HparaH|≥ |HaorthoH| 〉 |HmetaH| auftreten, die mit einer Phenylhyperkonjugation gedeutet werden können.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140128
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    Borimide beim thermischen Zerfall der Dialkyl[silyl(Silyloxy)-amino]borane (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 298-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Imides from the Thermal Decomposition of Dialkyl[sily(silyloxy)amino]boranesDialkyl[trimethylsilyl)(trimethylsilyloxy)amino]boranes R2B—N(OSiMe3SiMe3 (1a-c), prepared from (Me3Si)2N—OSiMe3 and R2BCl, can be thermolyzed in the liquid phase at 70°C to form (Me3SI)2O and a mixture of R2B—NR—Br—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (2a-c) and (RBNR)3 (3a-c). In the presence of an excess of BR′3, 1b, c can be transformed into (Me3Si)2O and diborylamines RR′B—NR—BR′2 (4b), c, (Me3Si)2O and a mixture of (RBNR)3 and polymer material are formed from the gas-phase thermolysis of 1b, c at 270°C The polymer (EtBNEt)n depolymerizes to the borazine 3b above 150°C. An intermediate from the gas-phase thermolysis of 1b can be trapped by liquid 1c, yielding 2c, A. conclusive explanation of all these observation is possible by the assumption that boron imides RB—NR(5a-c) occur as intermediates.
    Notes: Die aus (Me3Si)2N-OSiMe3 und R2BCl zugänglichen Dialkyl[trimethylsilyl)(trimethylsilyloxy)amino]borane R2B—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (1a-c zerfallen in flüssiger Phase bei 70°C unter Abspaltung von (Me3Si)2O in ein Gemisch aus R2B—NR—BR—N(OSiMe3)SiMe3 (2a-c) und (RBNR)3 (3a-c). Im Überschuß von BR′3 erhält man aus 1b, c neben (Me3Si)2O die Diborylamine RR′B—NR—BR′2 (4b-c). In der Gasphase entstehen bei 270°C aus 1b, c (Me3Si)2O und ein Gemisch aus (RBNR)3 und Polymeren. Das Polymere (EtBNEt)n depolymerisiert oberhalb 150°C zu 3b. Flüssiges 1c regiert mit einer aus 1b durch Gasphasenthermolyse gebildeten Zwischenstufe zum Abfangprodukt 2c′. Einer geschlossenen Deutung aller Befunde liegt die Annahme von Borimiden RB—NR (5a-c) als Zwischenstufen zugrunde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140133
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  • 99
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    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XXI1) Synthesen von Gentamicin X2 und am C-4′ und C-3′ modifizierter Gentamicine (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 322-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XXI1) Syntheses of Gentamicin X2 and Gentamicins Modified At C-4′ and C-3′The garamine derivative 18 can be coupled with the β-chloride 15 of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose to 20 from which, by deblocking procedure, gentamicin X2 (23) is available. In the same manner the 4′-amino- and 4′-chloro compound 24 and 25, resp., can be obtained. Coupling of 26 with 19 gives the product 27 from which the derivative 28 of gentamicin, modified at C-3′, is prepared.
    Notes: Das Garamin-Derivat 18 läßt sich mit dem β-Chlorid 15 der 2-Azido-2-desoxy-D-glucose zu 20 kuppeln, aus dem durch Entblockierung Gentamicin X2 (23) erhältlich ist. Auf gleichem Wege ist die 4′-Amino- und 4′-Chlorverbindung 24 bzw. 25 zu gewinnen. Ein am C-3′ modifiziertes Derivat 28 des Gentamicins ist nach Kupplung von 26 mit 19 aus dem Produkt 27 zugänglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140135
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  • 100
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    Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XX1) Synthese der Oligosaccharid-Determinanten der Blutgruppensubstanzen der Type 2 des ABH-Systems. Diskussion der α-Glycosid-Synthese (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 306-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Building Units for Oligosaccharides, XX1) Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Determinants of Blood Group Substances of Type 2 of the ABH System. Discussion of α-Glycoside SynthesisThe antigenic determinants of type 2 of blood-group substances A and B (23 and 24) (see German Summary) as well as blood-group substance H (17) were synthesized by selective glycosidation reactions combined with a series of blocking and deblocking steps. The possibilities and optimization of the α-glycoside synthesis are discussed. In hemagglutination inhibition tests the synthetic haptens A and B of type 2 and type 1 show a similar selective inhibitory effect. In case of hapten H, however, great differences can be observed. Here the type 2 exhibited a strong inhibition activity, whereas type 1 only showed an extremely low activity. The leads to the conclusion that in the determinants of the ABH-system on the surface of erythrocytes the chemical structure of type 2 is predominating.
    Notes: Durch eine Folge von selektiven Glycosid-Synthesen, kombiniert mit einer Serie von Blockierungs-und Entblockierungsschritten wurden die Determinanten der Type 2 der Blutgruppensubstanzen A und B und H α-L-Fuc-(1-2)-β-D-Gal-(1-4)-D-GlcNac (17) synthetisiert. Die Möglichkeiten und die Optimierung der α-Glycosid-Synthese werden diskutiert. Im Hämagglutinations-Inhibitionstest zeigen die synthetischen Haptene A und B der Type 2 und Type 1 eine ähnliche selektive Hemmwirkung. Starke Unterschiede sind aber beim Hapten H zu beobachten. Hier hemmt die Type 2 sehr stark, die Type 1 dagegen äußerst schwach. Hieraus ist zu schließen, daß in den Oberflächendeterminanten des ABH-Systems der Erythrozyten die chemische Struktur der Type 2 dominiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140134
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