ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (273)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (273)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (273)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Beilstein-Institut
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Fuji Technology Press
  • Hindawi
  • The Royal Society
  • Wiley
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (176)
  • 1980-1984  (97)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1940-1944
  • 2018
  • 2016
  • 1991  (176)
  • 1983  (97)
  • 1950
  • Technology  (273)
  • Sociology
  • Geography
  • Computer Science
  • Biology
Collection
  • Articles  (273)
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (273)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Chemical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Beilstein-Institut
  • +
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994  (176)
  • 1980-1984  (97)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • +
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 211-212 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 213-213 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991) 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 215-215 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 217-217 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a bioactive bone cement using CaO—SiO—2—P2O5—CaF2 glass powders and ammonium phosphate solution, and investigaed ist histological and mechanical characteristics in vivo. A bone defect was drilled in the proximal metaphysis of the rat tibia and filled with the bioactive bone cement in paste form or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement in the dough state. The cements were allowed to harden in situ. Histological examinationdemonstrated direct bonding between the new cement and bone by 4 weeks. The bioactive bone cement did not degrade up to 24 weeks postimplantation. The inflammatory reaction to the bioactive bone cement was less intense than the reaction induced by PMMA. Changes in the mechanical properties of the cement in vivo were studied by implanting hardened cylindrical specimens of both types of cement into the hindlimb muscles of ras of rats for 12 weeks. The compressive strength of the bioactive cement increased significantly after implantation, and reached 68 MPa in 1 week and 73 MPa in 4 weeks. These values were comparable to those of PMMA, and were maintained up to 12 weeks after implantation. This bioacive bone cement hadens in situ within a few minutes with negligible rise of temperature and can be easily handled as a paste for filling bone cavities of different shapes. In addition, this cement has good osteoconductive and bone bonding potential and fairly high mechanical strength. Therefore, this new cement could be used both as a bioactive bone cement and bone defect filler.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: It is common experience that carbon fiber braids, which are passed through osseous tunnels, are not incorporated by osteointergration. Rather, they are separated from the boy walls of the tunnels by a granulomatous-cicatrizing interface membrane. In the exceptional case, however, Bony ingrowth into the braid occurs without an intervening soft tissular layer. Bony ingrowth may be contingent on the stability of the carbon fiber braid within the osseous tunnel.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Bioactive glass powders, with a composition of SiO2-CaO-P2O5,have been successfully synthesized via a sol-gel process at considerably loer temperatures than required for conventional melting method. Bioactive glass powders made via conventional methods form an interfacial bond wih none when they are implanted. Bonding is correlated with the formation of a surface hydroxyapatite layer. This study examinded the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer in Tris-buffered solution as a function of SiO2 content of sol-gel derived powders. A FT-IRRS technique was used to monitor the formation of the hydroxyapatite on the surface of the powders. X-ray diffraction analysis and BET were also used to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the sol-gel derived bioactive powders. It was discovered that: (a) the rate of hydroxyapatite formation decreased wih increasing SiO2 content for powders whose SiO2 content was less than 90 mol%; (b) a hydroxyapatite film does not form for the powders whose SiO2 content is more than 90 mol%; (c) the SiO2 limit, beyond which the powders lost their bioactivity, was much higher for bioactive glass powders mad through sol-gel process (90%) than those made by conventional melting methods (60%). These results indicate that it is possible to significantly expand the bioactive composition range through microstructural control made possible by sol-gel processing techniques.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Classically, calcium hydroxide is used as a pulp capping agent in humans to form a dentinal bridge over vital dental pulp tissue. The aim of the present study was to determine whether synthetic hydroxyapatite could be used as a substitute. For this purpose, pulp capping with microsized hydroxyapatite (mean size = 38 nm ± 15 nm) was done under lacal anesthesia in 12 normal premolars, to be extracted for orthodontic purposes form 12 different young patients, having given their informed consent. Clinically, the healing was uneventful in all patients, having given their informed consent. Clinically, the healing was uneventful in all patients. Half of the teeth were extracted at 3 months and the other half at 6 months. The pulps were studied under light microscopy and under scanning and transmission electron microscopy using nondecalcified sections. In all cases, a continuous, well-calcified bridge was observed and no inflammatory cells were present in the residual pulp. In some cases denticles containing some synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals were found in the radicular pulp. The calcified bridge was made up by osteodentine and near the pulp tubular dentine with a layer of predentine and odontoblasts were noted. Odontoblastic processes were lacated in deninal tubules and the intertubular dentine showed interwoven calcified collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals with a mean length of 0.1 μm along their c axis.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 251-259 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A novel biotechnology is introduced by way of the successful synthesis of nanocrystalline Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) decoys having specific in vivo immunogenie activity. Assembled from ultrafine suface modified tin oxide and purified DNA-free isolated EBV envelope proteins, the decoys consisted of 〉150 nm units whose electophoretic mobilities were similar to whole EBV; whose outer coats were strongly immunoreactive with murine monoclonal anti-EBV antibodies; and which elicited immunospecific niutralizing anti-EBV antibodies in the rabbit. The development of this carier techonology for vaccine preparations is suggested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In vitro transmucosal permeation of (14C)-dibutyl phthalate [(14C)DBP], across intact mucosal hamster tissue compared to keratin-stripped mucosal tissue indicated no significant difference (p ≈ 0.069) in (14C)-DBP. However, significantly greater (p 〈 0.022) DBP was found to be concentrated in the keratin-stripped after a period of 6 h. The amount of (14C)-DBP permeating both tissues followed a similar linear increase for next 3 h. However, between 3 and 4 h, the rate of permeation through the untraumatized tissue significantly decreased. This was followed by a rapid linear increase for the next 3 h. In contrast, the cumulative amount of (14C)-DBP permeating the traumatized tissue showed a linear correlation (r = 0.995) over the 6-h period. A theoretical two-layer model was constructed to allow computer simulations of the (14C)-DBP permeation. It was indicated that an average diffusion coefficient for a single DBP molecule through the intact keratin layer would be ∼ 100 times less than through the remaining layer of the model. The model has enabled a possible explanation to be put forward, describing the role of the keratin layer in the permeation of plasticizer mucosal tissue.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Heat generated by tooth reduction and restoration procedures may be harmful to the pulp. Water spray during those procedures aids in maintaining lowered pulpal temperatures. A device that lowers intrapulpal temperatures has been developed and tested in an animal model. The animal's pulp chamber temperatures were lowered to 15.5°C and 12.4°C and maintained at those temperatures for 20 min. Histological examination disclosed no inflammatory reaction to the testing. Therefore, this device may aid in reducing the trauma of dental preparation procedures as well as other effects of lowered temperature on the biology of the dental pulp.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 59-60 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials-related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and standards-related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information, but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.And last, a caveat - since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in November 1990.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microspheres impregnated with barium sulphate and methyl iothalamate, having diameters raning from 100 to 1500 μm were prepared by the glutaraldehyde cross-linking of an aqueous dispersion of PVA containing the radiopaques in paraffin oil using dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOS) as the stabilizing agent and thionyl chloride as the catalyst. while the use of thionyl chloride allowed the formation of spherical, nonaggregatory beads, other catalysts such as magnesium chloride and hydrochloric acid gave rise to an agglomerated product. The radiopaques were found to be firmly trapped inside the microspheres as they did not leach out on prolonged standing in water, on sonication, or on steam sterilization. Microspheres with pores and channels were also made by incorporating a fine powder of methyl methacrylate along with barium sulphate during their preparation and washing out the polymer after the microspheres were formed. The porous nature of such microspheres was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microspheres containing the radiopaques exhibited hydrophilicity, swelling ability, and compressibility to a significant extent. the radiopaque nature of the microspheres was confirmed by their x-ray images. In vitro tests using heparinized calf blood showed that the microspheres were nonhaemolytic in nature. These microspheres may find application as radiopaque emboli in particulate embolization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: One-hundred-fifteen retrieved, porous-coated, uncemented patellar knee components of a wide variety of designs were examined for type and amount of tissue ingrowth and for wear and creep of the polyethylene-articulating surface. Examples of well-fixed patellar components of all designs presented regions of bone ingrowth independent of pore size, number of fixation pegs, and the presence or absence of coating on the pegs. Polyethylene breakdown, including delamination, pitting, subsurface cracking, and separation from the metal backing, was common. Comparative analysis indicates that solutions exist and include increasing congruency and polyethylene thickness and eliminating metal fixation buttons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We have developed a new poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) of increased physical strength through a new manufacturing process. Its mechanical properties have been found to be preferable as a substitute for articular cartilage. To evaluate its biocompatibility as an artificial articular cartilage, a series of in vivo tests within the intraarticular, as well as the intramuscular, environment were conducted. Tissue reactions of cartilage, bone, synovium, and muscle to PVA-H were studied histologically. In the experimental group, in which PVA-H was implanted, inflammatory reactions of all of these tissues were very slight. In the control group, in which ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was implanted, although tissue reactions of bone and muscle were as slight as in the experimental group, those of cartilage and synovium were somewhat more conspicuous. By way of these findings, the better biocompatibility of PVA-H was documented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: New and used polypropylene tailstrings from the Copper 7 (Cu-7) intrauterine device were examined by a combination of analytical techniques. Optical microscopy, scanning acoustic and electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and chemical etching were employed to elucidate both the surface and interior morphology of new Cu-7 tailstrings. Tailstrings removed from women following varying periods of use were investigated with optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, a subset of the used tailstrings were cultured to identify the types of microorganisms associated with them. Our findings show that unused Cu-7 tailstrings are in various stages of degradation owing to a combination of factors which include the high-draw ratio employed during manufacturing, the method of packaging, and the use of a particulate colourant. Furthermore, it is evident that used Cu-7 tailstrings undergo major deterioration while in situ because of the unfavorable interactions between the highly drawn polypropylene and the physiological environment. These results indicate that the polypropylene tailstrings as manufactured for use with the Cu-7 IUD fail to meet accepted design criteria for biomedical implants.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 109-113 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Initial rigid fixation is essential for bone ingrowth into a porous-coated prosthesis. In this study, the amount of micromotion between a cut tibial surface and a custom tibial base-plate mounted with various types of screw fixation was measured. Motion transducers were placed at the corners of the baseplate to detect liftoff and subsidence. Central and eccentric loads were then applied. The variables tested included screw number and position, as well as screw length and type of bone purchase.A four-screw peripheral configuration had less micromotion than a three-screw triangulated configuration, and both had less micromotion than a two-screw central condyle configuration. Long screws with cancellous purchase and screws with cortical purchase had less micromotion than short screws with cancellous purchase.These results indicate that important variables which contribute to the initial rigidity of a cementless tibial implant using screw fixation include screw number, configuration, length, and type of bone purchase.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we have reviewed the feasibility of using a shock wave lithotripter to loosen the interface between the bone and acrylic bone cement for revision arthroplasty. We have reviewed the physics of shock wave and its applications in medicine, especially its interaction with tissues. The calculations show that the energy is greatly reduced at the interface both in the soft tissue-bone interface and cement-bone interface. On the other hand, a tensile and compressive pressure can be operated at the cement-bone interface that can cause the interface to break if the pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the cement-bone interface.Subsequent papers will deal with in vitro and in vivo application of the shock wave in the treatment of the cement-bone interface in order to weaken it and consequently for easier extraction of bone cement from the intramedullary canal.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991) 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 141-142 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials-related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and also on standards-related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information, but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.And last, a caveat-since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in March 1991.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ultrastructural properties of precipitated apatites were characterized before and after sintering at 900 and 1250 °C using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The apatite crystals were oriented with respect to the electron beam so that the crystals could be examined in relation to the high resolution images of the (001) and (100) planes. The ultrastructural properties were found to be affected by sintering temperature. Numerous lattice defects, including atomic vacancies, dislocations and two types of grain boundaries were observed. In addition, a new type of three-dimensional lattice defect was frequently observed in the apatites sintered at 900 °C. This type of lattice defect has the character of a hexagonal parallelipiped void, probably resulting from an aggregation of atomic vacancies. Calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate) prepared by precipitation and subsequent sintering to temperatures above 1100 °C are presently used as bone grafts. The amount and kind of defects such as those observed in this study have significant implications on the extent of the degradation of these materials in vivo.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Glass plates of the chemical composition: CaO (29.0), SiO2 (31.0), Fe2O3 (40.0), B2O3 (3.0), P2O5 (3.0) in weight ratio were heated to 1050 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min and then cooled to laboratory temperature. The resulting glass-ceramic containing magnetite and wollastonite crystals showed high-saturation magnetization. The bonding ability of this new glass-ceramic to bone tissue was evaluated using rabbit tibiae, and compared with glass of the same composition. This glass-ceramic formed a Ca, P-rich layer on its surface and bonded tightly with bone within 8 weeks of implantation. However, the glass did not form this Ca, P-rich layer, nor had it bonded with bone at 25 weeks. The bone-heating ability of this glass-ceramic was investigated by applying a max. 300-Oe, 100-kHz magnetic field. The granules of the glass-ceramic filled in the rabbit tibiae heated the whole surrounding bone to more than 42 °C and maintained this temperature for 30 min. Bioactive ceramics reinforce the mechanical strength of bone tissue. Furthermore, this heat-generating bioactive glass-ceramic can be used for hyperthermic treatment of bone tumors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In order to apply the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECWSL) technique to the loosening of the bone-cement interface for the extraction of the cement during revision arthroplasty it is essential to know the dose-response characteristics. The present study shows that the number of shocks needed to break the interface between a 2- and 6-mm-thick bovine femoral bone and bone cement is similar to the fatigue behavior of a material, that is, Log(N) = C(kV) + D, where N is the number of shock impulses, kV is the power setting of the lithotripter machine in kilovolts, and C and D are constants. Iso-pressure distribution of the traveling shock wave front through a simulated bone in a Plexiglass® tube using Fuji® pressure film showed quantitative pressure contours from which one can understand the effective area of shock wave and its distribution. The most effective area of the shock wave was about 1.5 cm in diameter at 23 and 25 kV with pressure at least 7.0 MPa which is more than sufficient to break the bone-cement interface in tension.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 209-210 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and also on standards-related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions, of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information, but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.At last, a caveat-since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in June 1991.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 281-283 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The patent literature can be a morass of confusion. It is complicated by legalese, often uncommunicative titles, and difficult, as well as cryptic, categorization. To kiip current with the broad arena of patents on biomaterials and medical devices is much more difficult than keeping current with the scientific literature of the international journals.It is the goal of my column to provide readers with techniques and tools to better utilize this rich source of scientific information. Also, I intend to provide focused surveys of recent patents in specific areas relating to biomaterials and medical devices. Finally, I will try to include discussion of what constitures patentable material and educate those of us who are new to patent literature and new to the requirements of applying for patents for our discoveries.I appeal to the readership to submit requests for specific areas to be addressed in this column. The interaction will enrich us all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a biodegradable poly(L-lactide) (P—L—LA) screw for osteosynthesis under a load-bearing condition. A proximal tibial osteotomy on 25 rabbits was fixed with a biodegradable screw made of P—L—LA. A follow-up study was done at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. In another 25 rabbits, the tibial osteotomy was fixed with stainless steel (SUS) screws of the same size as the P—L—LA screws with a similar follow-up period. Radiographic, histological, microradiographic, and oxytetracycline-labeling studies showed healing of the osteotomy within 4 to 8 weeks. The displacement of frag-ments and the mass of newly formed bone around the screws were measured by histomorphometric analysis. There was no significant difference in the displacement of the fragments in these two groups and new bone was more abundantly detected in the P—L—LA group than in the SUS group. Histologically, no inflammatory lesion was detected in either group. All osteotomies united without delay and the displacement was minimal, although no external support was applied and the rabbits were allowed to move freely after the operation. The results of this study suggest a possible use for a P—L—LA screw in the clinical treatment of human bone fractures.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A test methodology was developed for exposing degradable polymer test specimens to a simulated chemical and mechanical body environment and then testing them periodically to detect changes in stress-strain behavior. Poly(ortho ester) specimens were exposed to cyclic loading in aerated tris-buffered saline (pH = 7.4) at 37°C. Specimens were removed at various time periods and the mechanical properties determined. To determine the effects of cyclic loading alone, additional specimens were cycled in air for the same cyclic periods and tested in the same manner. To determine the effects of a constant load on degradation rate, other specimens were subjected to a static load while exposed to trisbuffered saline. Additional specimens were subjected to immersion in tris-buffered saline without loading.Exposure to tris-buffered saline alone had a small effect on the rate of change of the mechanical properties of the poly(ortho ester) specimens while cyclic loading in air alone had no effect. However a combination of both exposure to tris-buffered saline and a static load decreased the flexural yield strength by 29% and the modulus of elasticity by 20% after 40 days, and a combination of both exposure to tris-buffered saline and cyclic loading decreased both the flexural strength and modulus by 75% after 40 days.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: As-polymerized poly(L-lactide) test rods were sterilized by seven different specially designed computer-operated autoclaving programs. As a control, common hospital sterilization was performed. In all cases, the molecular weight decreased after sterilization. A short time high-temperature sterilization lead to less molecular weight decrease than a low sterilization temperature cycle with a longer sterilization time. Regular hospital sterilization significantly reduced the elongation at break and also resulted in a decrease of 35% in tensile strength. The program causing minimal damage to the material properties was studied in detail. This program, with a steriliztioan period of 60 s and 129°C, was effective for PLLA steriliztation and also looks very promising for sterilization of other thermo- and moisture-labile polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 37-40 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that synthetic calcium phosphate ceramics are biocompatible materials capable of providing scaffolding for new bone growth as well as osteogenesis. In particular, hydroxylapatite (HA) is less soluble than β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) which has a higher degree of bioactivity. An implant made of dense hydroxylapatite shows substantially less bone growth than an implant made of a suitable HA/TCP ratio.1 Therefore, since biological response to the two materials is different, it is essential to have some means of determining the ratio of hydroxylapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate to ensure quality control of the synthetic ceramic as well as optimum biological response. In this study, a calibration curve was developed for x-ray diffractometer examination of mixtures of HA and β-TCP. The accuracy of using the diffractometer was compared to the accuracy of a powder camera, and it was determined that the diffractometer correctly identified the ratio within a range of 3% while the powder camera was accurate within a 20% range. This study showed that with an appropriate calibration curve, the HA/TCP ratio can be determined to a greater degree of accuracy using an x-ray diffractometer than by powder camera methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Anteior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts made from expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) were examined after failure (n = 7; 3 instabilities, 2 partial and 2 complete ruptures) to provide information about secondary fixation mechanisms via ingrowth of the different tissues. The ultrastructural evaluation clearly evidenced the existence of two main interface areas of ePTFE ACL-replacement: First, in areas without a dense cellular infiltrate there was interdigitating collagen producing a dense ePTFE-collagen network. Additionally, in a few areas of the graft/bone-tunnel interface a fibrous cartilage or bone regenerate could be demonstrated to be in contact with the prosthesis. Second, there was a dense infiltration of macrophages and multinuclear giant cells, partially containing birefringent material of implant origin, with and without a neosynovia-like reaction product, indicating a disturbance of tissue integration of the prosthesis. In areas of inflammation there was no bone development and only few collagen interdigitation with the graft material. This study provides further knowledge about mechanisms of secondary graft fixation due to tissue ingrowth. The interdigitation of collagen fibers and ePTFE filaments provides interfaces which should be at least partially resistant against load.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 55-56 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 57-58 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 63-65 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991) 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: National population-based estimates on the magnitude and distribution of orthopedic implant devices in the United States have not been available to date. The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) collaborated with the Centers for Disease Control's National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS) in the design and conduct of a nationwide medical device implant survey to generate the first national population-based prevalence estimates of orthopedic implant devices. A Medical Device Implant Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey was administered in personal household interviews to a national sample of 47,485 households, which included 122,310 individuals.An estimated 6.5 million orthopedic implants were in use in the general US population in 1988, including 1.6 million artificial joints and 4.9 million fixation devices. As a group, orthopedic implants comprised nearly half of all medical device implants in use, 43.4%. The majority of artificial joint recipients were 65 years of age or older, white, and male. the majority of fixation device recipients were less than 45 years of age, white, and male. The limitations and strengths of these population-based estimates are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The field of biomaterials has grown rapidly over the last three decades in the academic, industrial, and regulatory sectors. Beginning as a research thrust, which led to courses at a few universities, biomaterials education has evolved into distinct curriculum in over 60 institutions in the United States and Canada alone.Rapid growth, however, can cause problems. In an effort to determine the present status and future needs in each sector, as well as begin to assess if the needs of industry are being met by present academic programs, two surveys were sent out.As shown by the two surveys, academic programs have been increasing in both size and quality while industry has also been expanding, as indicated by the many small companies involved in biomaterials. The shift toward graduate programs is in keeping with the perceived educational needs of potential employers. The majority of academic programs appear to be providing the training and coursework desired by employers. Further information, however, is needed to determine if the number of graduates trained in biomaterials is adequate, or in fact excessive.It is, therefore, recommended that a more comprehensive survey, sent to the biomaterials companies listed in the FDA registry, be undertaken. In addition, a survey to each academic program that addresses hiring of recent graduates would also be beneficial. It does appear that certain standards for curricula could be agreed upon, although the field has probably not evolved sufficiently for accreditation or professional registration to be addressed yet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The present study was conducted to compare the push-out strength of the treated and control samples obtained after implantation of intramedullary rod in canine femurs with bone cement to simulate the femoral stem implantation for 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Contralateral femur served as control. The result showed a significant decrease in push-out interfacial strength after shock wave treatment (average 48.4% decrease compared with control, p 〈 0.0001) which is similar to the in vitro results. There was no significant difference if the shock treatment was applied and left for 2 weeks or 4 weeks compared to the ones tested immediately after sacrifice. There were some soft tissue damage immediately following shock treatment in the focal area but this returned to normal in 2 weeks. Human cadaveric femoral bones and the canine bone (the dosage level was higher for the human bone than canine). The number of impacts used to extract the bone cement plug out of a human femur segment (5-cm long) decreased about 68% at 23 and 25 kV treatment power level. These preliminary studies indicate that the shock wave can be utilized to reduce the interfacial strength of the bone and bone cement although more studies are needed to assess its efficacy in terms of cost, long-term effect on patients and the exact mechanism of the loosening before this technique can be used clinically.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 269-271 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel disc covalently immobilized with Type I collagen, fibronectin, and an adhesive oligopeptide and preseeded with corneal epithelial cells was implanted in rabbit cornea using a technique of lamellar keratoplasty, and the tissue response was studied by light and electron microscopy. Covalent immobilization of type I colagen on the surfaceof hydrogel was found to support growth and adhesion of the corneal epithelium in vitro. the in vivo experiment showed that cell seeding could prevant infection of the hydrogel. However, the implanted disc was rejected from the host cornea by epithelial downgrowth and the exchange between the seeded cells and host corneal epithelia was not observed until 14 days after surgery. The rejection might have occurred because of unsatisfactory fixation of the hydrogel to the host cornea.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 277-280 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991) 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Fibroblasts in culture and in vitro have been shown to interact with certain surface morphological phenomena. It was the aim of the present study to determine cellular morphological interactions with surface grooves of subcellular dimensions. The silicon oxide layer of a wafer was photoetched, which resulted in a regular micromorphology with linear rectangular shaped microbars and microgrooves 1, 1.5, and 2 μm in diameter and distance from each other. Human fibroblasts were seeded on the sterile specimen and incubated for 48 h. Fluorescence microscopy of the plates revealed that all the cells were aligned parallel to the etched grooves on the test specimen, whereas on the controls the cells were randomly orientated. It could be demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy that single cels were flattened over the surface and conformed to the silicon microgrooves. This indicates that fibroblasts are orienting during adhesion and conform to the surface microtexture to gain a maximum contact area on the presented surface.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Surgical sutures that are directly attached to the surgical needle ends are called swaged sutures. A forming tool has been used to split one-half of the wire diameter of cardiovascular needles that forms a channel or receptacle for the suture. With the advent of lasers, uniform holes can now be produced in the ends of small-diameter cardiovascular needles. An advantage of the laser-produced hole is that its outer circumference is smooth; the channel swage has a linear slit that interrupts its smooth outer circumference. A standardized reproducible test has been developed that quantitates the force required to pull the needle end through a synthetic membrane that simulates vascular tissue. A swage produced by a laser encountered significantly less drag forces than that noted with a comparable size channel swage of cardiovascular needles.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 187-208 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The morbidity associated with autogenous bone graft harvest and the recent concern regarding the transmission of live virus through use of allografts, have been the impetus for research into a variety of materials that could take the place of these standard materials for bone grafting. The positive results reported with various ceramics and/or bone derivatives suggest the possibility of a material with osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive properties for use with or in place of bone graft. This review discusses a variety of bone graft and bone graft substitute materials. Among the osteoconductive materials outlined are the hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics as well as some reportedly osteoactive polymers. While osteoconduction is a favorable quality, much interest has focussed on the use of osteoinductive or osteogenic materials such as demineralized bone matrix or bone derivatives,that is, BMP, osteogenin, etc. It is increasingly apparent that these materials require a carrier vehicle for optimal expression of osteoactivity. Therefore, the review finishes with a comparison of the various materials suggested for use as carriers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degree of microleakage between a restoration and the cavity wall is difficult to quantify objectively. A silver-staining method is used and compared to the radioisotope method with results that indicate a superior definition and more accurate evaluation of microleakage. In addition to the accuracy, two advantages are presented: (1) scoring of the leakage can be refined and divided into more precise numbers, and (2) teeth can be observed directly in a microscope without resorting to the indirect interpretation of film or photograph.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 59-70 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous high-density polyethylene specimens were implanted in the femurs of mongrel canines. At the end of the residency period (3 or 6 months), the animals were sacrificed and the implants were retrieved. The work-of-fracture of the implant specimens was then determined using the technique of Tattersall and Tappin. The work required to fracture a specimen in three-point bending by controlled crack propagation through a triangular cross section was obtained directly from the load-deflection curve. The area of the resulting fracture surface was measured by macro-photographic techniques, and the work-of-fracture was calculated as work per unit area. The implants were subsequently sectioned and examined microradiographically to determine the extent of bone ingrowth. Bone specimens adjacent to the implants and porous high-density polyethylene controls (no ingrowth) were also tested to determine their work-of-fracture. The results showed that bone adjacent to the implant specimens had a higher work-of-fracture than normal medial, canine femoral bone and was not appreciably different from the composite. The work-of-fracture of porous high-density polyethylene was not significantly increased by an increase in bone infiltration, and this anomalous behavior was attributed to a degradation of the polyethylene during implant residence. Control studies supported this hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Removal of bilirubin by hemoperfusion with ion exchange resin particles is suggested to replace exchange transfusion of blood of jaundiced infants in some cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The hemoperfusion system developed here consists of a packed bed of a macroreticular resin which is made biocompatible by a coating of a monomolecular layer of albumin. The choice of the appropriate ionic form of the resin and the proper albumin coating and crosslinking procedure assures a high bilirubin adsorption capacity and excellent blood compatibility of the resin. The albumin coated resin removes in vitro 80-90% of the bilirubin initially present in the plasma. The results encourage in vivo clinical studies.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Double catheter systems consisting of a stiff outer catheter and a flexible, buoyant, flow-directed, inner catheter which is often balloon-tipped have been employed with increasing frequency recently in both therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Their use, however, has been restricted because of the excessive friction generated between the two catheters. In an attempt to decrease friction between polymers commonly used as catheter materials, oxidation of polyethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer, poly(vinyl chloride), silicone rubber, and polystyrene surfaces was induced by exposing the polymers to radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) in a helium environment. All polymers were surface characterized utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements before and after oxidation. This article describes the materials and methods used to fabricate and characterize the polymer surfaces and the results of the characterization. The results indicate that increases in oxygen concentration at the surface of the polymers and decreases in air-water contact angles occur with increased RFGD exposure time. Plateau values were usually obtained after 5-30 s exposure time, yet no apparent changes in surface topography were noted by scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophilic surfaces produced were stable for up to three months storage time in air.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 249-260 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The new composite concept of microfilled composites has certain advantages, such as polishability, permanent smoothness, and high abrasion resistance. In the mouth, however, these new materials are not perfect and they often fail in stress-bearing restorations. In the present study, the weak links and imperfections of these materials are determined by means of direct and indirect SEM techniques. The chemical adhesion between polymer blocks and polymer matrix is questionable; fractures occur most often at the filler-matrix interface. In vivo, there is still a certain preferential wear of the resin matrix. In Estic Microfill, rear weak zones with starlike condensations are observed, which could be related to a certain incompatibility of its composing resins and/or to incomplete and inhomogeneous polymerization. In a fractured Isopast restoration, the polymer blocks are clearly revealed, scattered in a three-dimensional polymerized matrix network.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 205-227 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ion beam etching has provided a system which can produce a controllable surface morphology in the micron range without altering surface chemistry or surface energy. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) develops a surface texture having conical projections with average dimensions: height = 12 μm, base width = 4 μm, tip radius = 0.1 μm. Smooth and textured PTFE disks (1 cm diam. × 250 μm thick) were implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of Sprague-Dawley rats for time periods of 1 and 3 days and 1,2,3,4, and 8 weeks. Smooth control samples consisted of untreated surfaces and surfaces that were exposed to an ion beam environment producing a smooth surface. All smooth surfaces behaved identically by both histochemical and histological methods. Consequently, the ion beam environment had no effect on the soft tissue response. Textured surfaces, however, demonstrated increased cell adhesion and increased succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase staining in the interfacial cells. Interfacial cells consisted of foreign body giant cells and macrophages. These macrophages possessed increases in the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio, number and interdigitation of filopodia, and vacuolization as demonstrated by TEM. The textured surfaces also influence the kinetics of fibrous capsule formation. At 8 weeks, capsules associated with textured interfaces were reduced in thickness by 30% when compared to smooth surfaces. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the surface texture of an implant is a critical variable in determining the soft tissue response to a material.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 359-373 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Some physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a heparin-PVA hydrogel potentially useful as a thromboresistant coating for the preparation of small-diameter vascular prostheses and blood-sampling catheters have been determined. The molecular weight between crosslinks in the acetal crosslinked gel was approximately 8000, permitting proteins the size of albumin to enter the interior of the gel. The release rate of heparin from a gel containing 7 mg/g gel was 10-2 μg/g min which was significantly lower than the reported minimum required for thromboresistance of ionically heparinized materials. Nevertheless, in vitro biological activity was observed in both thrombin time and plasma recalcification time assays, which could not be attributed to the release of heparin into the incubated plasma. Correlation of final heparin contents with the amount of terminal amino acid residues in three samples of heparin suggests that the heparin is bound to the PVA in the gel through the amino acid terminus; this provides a plausible explanation for the retention of biological activity by the immobilized heparin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 389-391 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 395-410 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The flexural strength, microstructure and relative Ca and Si concentration at the surface of two commercial orthopedic aluminas were studied before and after aging up to 52 weeks in simulated body fluids or in subcutaneous implantation in rodents. There was no significant reduction in flexural strength after aging, but there was evidence of Ca and Si dissolution from the external grain boundary surfaces, particularly for specimens aged in demineralized water. No change occurred in the Ca and Si concentrations within the specimen's bulk during either in vivo or in vitro aging.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 669-678 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Biochemical features of pseudomembrane formed at the bone-cement interface of 13 failed total hip replacements were studied and histological examination of the pseudomembrane was conducted. The results of biochemical analyses revealed on average hydroxyproline, 86 μg/mg; water content, 57%; hexosamine, 12 μg/mg; glucosamine/galactosamine, 1.4%; and calcium, 2.1%. Approximately 78% of collagen was extracted with pepsin, whereas only 8 and 0.3% collagen were extracted with acetic acid and neutral salt, respectively. On further differential salting out of the extracted collagen, about 77% was type I collagen, 19% type III, and 2.6% type V. Unlike pseudoarthrosis of fracture, no type II collagen was identified. Overall biochemical features in the light of the histological appearance suggested that pseudomembrane resembles granulation tissue. Bone healing mechanisms at the bone-cement interface appear to differ from that of fracture healing.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 691-713 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Dental porcelain frits have been prepared by the gel route, a procedure involving solubilization of alkalies, boron, rare earth, and other compounds in an alumina-silica sol. Using this procedure, porcelain frits suitable for metal-ceramic application have been prepared that fire to maturity at temperatures lower than current commercial porcelains. Solubilities, translucencies, thermal expansion coefficients, dilatometric softening temperatures, and flexure strengths are within the ranges of current commercial porcelains. The high degree of dispersion of pigments and phosphors made possible by gel route technology and the technology's ability to disperse crystalline phases to strengthen porcelain offers many processing advantages. Gel route technology also offers a great degree of freedom in modifying porcelain properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Cell spreading and cell division rates of a transformed line of mouse lung fibroblasts were studied on various polymer surfaces in the presence of serum proteins. The bare polymer surfaces, as well as the protein-coated surfaces, were characterized by their polar (γsp) and dispersion (γsd) surface free energies. Cell spreading appeared to be dependent on the polar surface free energy. Cell spreading is low when the γsp of the bare surface is lower than 5 erg cm-2; marked spreading occurs when γsp is higher than 15 erg cm-2. A similar relationship was found between cell spreading and polarity of the protein-coated surfaces, although less pronounced than for the bare surfaces. Cell spreading appeared independent of the dispersion surface free energy. Cell division rate was the same on all surfaces tested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 819-828 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Strain measurement within the cement surrounding stemmed total hip femoral components was accomplished using PMMA encapsulated and embedded strain gauges. Cement strain measurement associated with a well-bonded stem-cement interface and an unbonded stem-cement interface (i.e., loose prosthesis) was performed. The presence of a stem-cement bond was found to reduce proximal cement strain magnitudes while having little effect on distal cement strain magnitudes. The assurance of a stem-cement bond on only the proximal third of the interface was found to have an effect similar to that of a complete stem-cement bond. The results of this experimental investigation confirm the theoretical prediction that the stem-cement bond is important in maintaining the integrity of the cement mantle surrounding a stemmed femoral component.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 855-864 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We report development of special macroporous semipermeable membranes and diffusion chambers made of polymerized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), synthesized specifically to enclose living insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. This material was selected to minimize the fibrotic encapsulation which has limited hybrid artificial pancreas efforts with other membranes, including Millipore and Nuclepore filters. The pore density and pore size distribution were dependent on the ratio of water to HEMA monomer and also on the crosslinker (EGDMA) concentration. A macroporous membrane resulted only when the ratio of water/HEMA monomer was greater than 50%. 125I-insulin permeability was studied in vitro. A technique is also described to fuse the membranes to form diffusion chambers used for implantation into diabetic rats.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 899-899 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 903-903 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A single particle and four blended Cu-rich amalgam systems were immersed in 37 °C solutions for 1-20 months in order to determine the characterization and sequence of corrosion product formation. X-ray diffraction and SEM/EDS were used to characterize the products. The same sequence of formation occurred in all systems in Ringer's and 0.1% Ringer's solutions. The times at which each product formed varied with the brand of the amalgam and the concentration of the solution. The initial products were ZnSn(OH)6 in Zn-containing systems and SnO2 in most other systems. Cu2O formed next, followed by CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2. Immersion in 1% Na2S yielded only HgS on all brands. A combination of 1% Na2S and Ringer's solution yielded CaSn(OH)6 after 2 months and Cu2O at later periods. Artificial saliva resulted in a retardation of corrosion product formation and only limited amounts of a Sn-rich product could be found after 20 months. Interactions of the various components appear to alter the nature and rate of corrosion product formation on these systems and additional systematic investigations are necessary to understand the influence of these interactions on corrosion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 945-957 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Quantitative hemolysis assays of acrylate and methacrylate esters provided estimates of the intrinsic hemolytic activity (Hi the slope of the concentration-response curve) and the concentrations effecting 5% (H5) and 50% (H50) hemolysis. The dependence of hemolytic activity and LD50 (mice) on physical properties (lipophilicity, molar refraction, and molecular volume) of the esters was determined by multiple regression analysis. The observed correlations were: Hi, R2 = 0.94; H5, R2 = 0.95; H50, R2 = 0.94; and LD50, R2 (all compounds) = 0.80, R2 (all compounds less the methyl esters) = 0.94. The difference of the methyl esters was associated with the smaller steric volume of the methyl ester substituent and the presence (methacrylates) or absence (acrylates) of the branched methyl group. Associative steric contributions of the branched methyl group and the ester substituents were probably responsible for greater variability in the methyacrylate series. The results were consistent with the conclusion that the mechanism of the action of the esters is membrane mediated and relatively nonspecific and that in vivo biotransformation was not a significant factor. Also, long-term toxic liability of the esters may be more closely related to intrinsic toxicity than acute toxicity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 993-1002 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A series of porous polymeric sorbents and activated carbon were used to remove di-isopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) from human plasma and normal saline. The sorptive capacities of the commercially available sorbents Amberlite XAD-4, XAD-2, XN1010, and XE348, and Calgon 400 were determined. Butyl- and palmityl-grafted XAD-4 were prepared with graft efficiencies of 32 and 6%, respectively, and tested for sorptive capacities. DIMP removal efficiencies were compared to dialysis with a 1.8 m2 Cordis-Dow hollow fiber artificial kidney (HFAK). Butyl-grafted XAD-4 and active carbon outperformed the other sorbents in removing DIMP from both saline and plasma. An order of magnitude reduction in removal ability was noted for all the adsorbents when the mobile media was plasma. Pronounced plasma precipitation was elicited by activated carbon, an effect not observed with any of the polymeric resins tested. The removal efficiencies on a 18.0 g basis of XAD-4, butyl-grafted XAD-4, and active carbon were comparable to that of the HFAK used in this study. These sorbents, however, possess a macroscopic surface area of approximately 0.1 m2, an order of magnitude lower than that of the HFAK. This reduction in contact area is believed to reduce substantially the possibility of undesirable molecular and cellular effects.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Normal and carbon-fiber-reinforced (1 wt. %) bone cement samples were tested in compression at various strain rates. Both the compressive strength and proportional limit increased in general with increasing strain rate. Similar strain-rate sensitivity was also shown by the carbon-fiber-reinforced bone cement. The mechanical properties, namely the modulus of elasticity, the proportional limit, and the compressive strength of the carbon-fiber-reinforced bone cement showed highly significant positive correlations with the strain rate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 1079-1087 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 39-51 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An in vitro study assessing the kinetics of drug release from antibiotic-fibrin seal compounds and the antibacterial efficacy of the delivered drug has been performed. Antibiotic sensitivity and the amount of drug released was measured by means of agar diffusion test. Standard and experimental curves were established for each antibiotic and each bacterial test in order to evaluate the quantities of the drug released during each 24 h period. The reconstitution of lyophilized human fibrin with an aqueous solution containing an antibiotic resulted in only minor modification of the clotting process, with the exception of those solutions containing cefotaxim and mezlocillin which failed to clot altogether and were excluded from further study. The evaluation of the kinetics of elution of the antibiotics from the fibrin clots showed that all of the antibiotics had been almost completely released by 96 h. The delivered amount of each drug was enough to maintain the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) until the 4th day of culture for the most of antibiotics, resulting in a prolonged release of the drug.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In order to study the interaction of calcium phosphate coatings with bone tissue, coated titanium cylinders with a standard size were implanted in dog femora. Coatings were made by plasma spraying powders of hydroxylapatite, β-whitlockite, and tetracalciumphosphate particles. The plasma spraying process tuns β-whitlockite into α-TCP. Bone bonding and bone formation were evaluated by mechanical push-out tests and histological observations. Hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate coatings show an interface strength after 3 months of implantation of 34.3 ± 6.5 MPa and 26.8 ± 3.9 MPa, respectively, while α-TCP and blanco titanium lead to an interface strength of 10.0 ± 3.5 MPa and 9.7 ± 1.3 MPa, respectively. Histological examinations revealed that hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate give rise to an excellent bone formation, while α-TCP and blanco titanium evoked remodeling and less bone contact.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The adhesion and detachment of platelets were studied on glass coatings of a series of copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA). Observations of the interactions of mepacrine labelled washed platelets with these surfaces from a flowing (500 s-1 wall shear rate) suspension in Tyrode's solution containing albumin and red cells were made with epifluorescent video microscopy (EVM). Total platelet adhesion, including platelets which adhere on first contact and platelets which attach temporarily before adhesion, and the number of detaching platelets were minimal for the 0 and 20% EMA copolymers, reached a maximum for the 50% EMA copolymer and showed reduced values for the 80% and 100% EMA copolymers. For the 50, 80, and 100% EMA copolymers, the adhesion values expressed, as a percentage of total contacting platelets, were not different. Albumin adsorption to these copolymers shows a continuous increase from the 0% to the 100% EMA copolymer. It is likely that the peak in platelet adhesion at the 50% EMA composition is related to: low protein adsorption on the 0 and 20% EMA copolymers, too little albumin adsorption to block adhesion on the 50% EMA copolymer, and full-scale blocking on the 80 and 100% EMA copolymers due to greater albumin adsorption.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 223-242 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The attachment, spreading, spreading rate, focal contact formation, and cytoskeletal organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated on substrates that had been covalently grafted with the cell adhesion peptides Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR). This approach was used to provide substrates that were adhesive to cells even in the absence of serum proteins and with no prior pretreatment of the surface with proteins of the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) family. This approach was used to dramatically enhance the cell-adhesiveness of substrates that were otherwise cell-nonadhesive and to improve control of cellular interactions with cell-adhesive materials by providing stably bound adhesion ligands. Glycophase glass was examined as a model cell-nonadhesive substrate prior to modification, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were examined as representative materials for biomedical applications. The peptides were surface-coupled by their N-terminal amine to surface hydroxyl moieties using tresyl chloride chemistry. Prior to peptide grafting, the PET and PTFE were surface hydroxylated to yield PETOH and PTFE-OH. The PET-OH was less cell-adhesive and the PTFE-OH was much more cell-adhesive than the native polymers. Radioiodination of a C-terminal tyrosine residue was used to quantify the amount of peptide coupled to the surface, and these amounts were 12.1 pmol/cm2 on glycophase glass, 139 fmol/cm2 on PET-OH, and 31 fmol/cm2 on PTFE-OH. Although the glycophase glass did not support adhesion or spreading even in the presence of serum, the RGD- and YIGSR-grafted glycophase glass did support adhesion and spreading, even when the only serum protein that was included was albumin. Although PET and PTFE-OH supported adhesion when incubated in serum-supplemented medium, neither of these materials supported adhesion with only albumin present, indicating that cell adhesion is mediated by adsorbed CAM proteins. When these materials were peptide-grafted, however, extensive adhesion and spreading did occur even when only albumin was present. Since the peptide grafting is quite easily controlled and is temporally stable, while protein adsorption is quite difficult to precisely control and is temporally dynamic, peptide grafting may be advantageous over other approaches employed to improve long-term cell adhesion to biomaterials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991) 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 281-293 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the torsional strength and ductility of CP titanium in the as received condition, heat treated below the α → β transition temperature, and glass bead blasted. Results were compared to as-received samples of implant quality 316L stainless steel. Little or no effect of any of the treatments was noted. The torsional strength of all titanium samples was comparable to 316L stainless and the torsional ductility of the titanium was significantly greater than 316L stainless (p 〈.01). These results are significantly different than those obtained when torsion testing bone screws of the same material. A hypothesis is proposed for the differences in these results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the kinetics of tint transfer in soft contact lenses. A mathematical model taking into account both diffusion and chemical reactions is proposed and physicochemical parameters are determined. It is shown that bulk tinting is more effective in practice than surface tinting.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 421-421 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of an endothelial cell (EC) lining on intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis of Dacron grafts was assessed in a canine model. Enzymatically derived autologous EC were used to seed 14 to 17 cm long, 4 mm I.D., knitted Dacron aortoiliac grafts implanted in an end-to-side manner in six dogs (Group I). Unseeded grafts were similarly implanted in six control dogs (Group II). All animals received acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg po qd) 24 h prior to graft placement and for 2 weeks postoperatively. Distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (AIH) and luminal surface EC coverage were quantitated at the conclusion of a 16-week study period. Patency for Group I and Group II grafts were 90% and 55%, respectively (p = 0.07). Maximum AIH, defined as the maximum reduction of luminal cross-sectional area at the distal anastomosis, was not significantly different between Group I (13.1 ± 8.0%) and Group II (15.1 ± 7.3%) conduits. However, AIH was inversely related to the extent of luminal EC coverage (r = -0.6, p 〈 0.05), thus greater endothelialization was associated with decreased AIH. These data support the idea that EC coverage of the luminal surface of prosthetic vascular grafts may limit the development of AIH.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 791-795 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 773-789 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In vitro enzymatic degradation of nonporous films of segmented poly(etherurethane) (Pellethane 2363-80AE) was investigated by incubating the biomaterial in concentrated trypsin solutions for 5 months at room temperature. Chemical degradation of films was monitored by surface analysis techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyattenuated total reflectance and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. This latter technique proved to be much superior in detecting chemical changes. Extraction of films with methanol and characterization of the extracts by gel permeation chromatography revealed the presence of low-molecular-weight polymers. Results have shown that trypsin has the ability to induce degradation in PEU, the soft segment being most affected, particularly the CH2—O bond of the either linkages.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 845-864 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Immunogold staining in conjunction with TEM was used to observe C3 adsorption from plasma in relation to the underlying titanium structure of thermal, anodic, and electropolished oxides. Heat treatments and oxide thickness were found to have no significant effect on the adsorption behavior of C3, while surface oxide type possibly has. Surface concentration of C3 was found to be time- and plasma concentration-dependent. Evidence is given for the possible involvement of C3 in protein exchange, i.e., the Vroman effect. Diluted plasma resulted in a random distribution of gold colloids, whereas clustering occurred with undiluted plasma. Although C3 concentrations present on grain boundaries followed the same trend as that found on the surface, C3 was found to have a higher grain boundary than bulk concentration for 0.1% plasma.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 875-887 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated polyethylene tubing, with or without immobilized heparin, caused severe thrombocytopenia and enhanced the production of new platelets when inserted in a chronic arteriovenous shunt in canines. A similar length of uncoated polyethylene tubing neither lead to thrombocytopenia nor significantly enhanced platelet regeneration, relative to the shunt only without a test section. Platelet regeneration was monitored by the malondialdehyde assay, which was assumed to make a distinction between “new” and “old” platelets. This distinction was combined with the platelet count values to enable calculation of the cumulative consumption curve and the initial fractional consumption rate in the presence of a non constant platelet count. The resulting initial fractional consumption rates were: 34%/day for PVA, 20.5%/day for polyethylene, and 18%/day for the shunt only blank.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991) 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1019-1030 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass was studied in vitro. Glass rods and grains were immersed in different aqueous solutions and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Surface morphological changes and weight loss of corroded grains were monitored. In-depth compositional profiles were determined for rods immersed in the different solutions. The solutions used were tris-buffer (trishydroxy-methylaminomethane + HCl), tris-buffer prepared using citric acid (trishydroxy-methylaminomethane + C6H8O7·H2O), and a simulated body fluid, SBF, containing inorganic ions close in concentration to those in human blood plasma. It was found that the calcium phosphate formation at the surface of bioactive glass in vitro proceeds in two stages. When immersing the glass in tris or in SBF a Ca,P-rich surface layer forms. This accumulation takes place within the silica structure. Later, apatite crystals forming spherulites appear on the surface. The Ca/P-ratio of initially formed calcium phosphate was found to be about unity. It is proposed that this is due to bonding of phosphate to a silica gel. The surface is stabilized, i.e., leaching is retarded, by the rapid Ca,P-accumulation within the silica structure before apatite crystals are observed on the surface. It is proposed that the initially formed calcium phosphate is amorphous and that the crystallization is initiated within the silica gel. The crystallizing surface provides nucleation sites for extensive apatite formation on the glass surface. In the presence of citrate no Ca,P-accumulation occur at the glass surface, but soluble Ca-citrate complexes form. By comparing the weight loss during corrosion in tris with that in the calcium and phosphate containing SBF, it is possible to establish whether the glass can induce apatite formation at its surface or not.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1045-1068 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of different treatments for preparing implant materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and by contact angle measurements. The materials examined were Ti6Al4V alloy, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, Al2O3, and synthetic hydroxyapatite. Samples were prepared with solid or porous surfaces of these materials. These were detergent-cleaned and then either autoclaved (steam sterilization), radiationsterilized, nitric acid-etched, or plasmacleaned. The results of wettability studies indicated marked changes in surface energy corresponding to the different preparation methods, and differences in surface morphology were also observed. These differences could have significant consequences on in vivo implant behaviour as mediated by tissue-implant interactions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 725-739 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Four materials based on a single poly(etherurethane) (PEU) prepared from MDI and PTMEG but differing in additives were studied in the cage implant systm. The two additives studied were Santowhite powder at the 1% level and Methacrol 2138F 5%. Methacrol 2138F appeared to be immiscible with the base PEU and was dispersed in discrete domains about 0.5-μm in size. The retrieved PEU specimens were also cleaned and examined in the optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the size and density of adherent foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) were measured at implantation times up to 10 weeks. Methacrol 2138F had no effect on the density, coverage or size distribution of adherent FBGCs, but leaching of Methacrol 2138F was considered to be responsible for extensive pitting of the PEU surface. On the other hand, Santowhite powder appeared to inhibit formation of FBGCs, and while surface cracking and flaking were observed as early as 3 weeks postimplantation on some PEUs, the Santowhite powder effectively inhibited surface cracking and flaking up to the longest implantation time studied.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 797-798 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991) 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 799-811 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Pepsin-treated type I collagen fibrils were reconstituted by warming to 37°C in the presence of DOPA at a concentration of 1 × 10-3M. Following a 1-1.5-h lag period tdhe “gels” became progressively stabilized as indicated by an inability to disperse these at 0°C. Following 24 h of incubation at 37°C, the DOPA-collagen gels were insoluble in dilute acetic acid even under denaturing conditions. The effect on both gel stability and solubility was concentration-dependent and was maximum at 1 × 10-3M. Gel solubility changes were significant, with the greatest change occurring between concentrations of 3.1 × 10-5M. DOPA exposure did not alter the fibrillar banding pattern seen at the electron microscopic level. Collagen felts prepared by lyophilization of DOPA-collagen gels demonstrated an increase in shrinkage temperature which after 24 h exceeded that of rat tail tendon. Preformed collagen felts incubated for 24 h in the presence of 1 mM DOPA also had a greatly increased shrinkage temperature. Pepsin-treated collagen control felts were consistently unstable at 37°C. The tensile properties of DOPA-collagen felts were altered with respect to control felts in a time dependent manner. The wet tensile strength increased to four times that of control after 3 days of incubation at 37°C. Matrix extensibility initially increased to 1.5 times that of control felts after 4 days of incubation at 37°C, but decreased to below control values following 6 additional days of incubation. These properties suggest that DOPA may be useful as a stabilizing agent of collagen biomedical prostheses.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1363-1370 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Previous studies on surface structural changes in vitro as well as in vivo of bioactive A-W-type glass-ceramics and Bioglass-type glasses showed that the essential condition for glasses and glassceramics to bond to living bone is formation of a bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in the body. Gross et al., however, had explained the bone-bonding mechanism of Ceravital-type apatitecontaining glass-ceramic without mentioning formation of the surface apatite layer. In the present study, apatite formation on the surface of one of Ceravitaltype glass-ceramics was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. An apatitecontaining glass-ceramic of the composition Na2O 5, CaO 33, SiO2 46, Ca(PO3)2 16 wt%, which was named KGS by Gross et al., was soaked in an acellular simulated body fluid which had ion concentrations almost equal to those of the human blood plasma. The same kind of glassceramic was implanted into a rabbit tibia. Thin-film x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic observation of the surfaces of the specimens soaked in the simulated body fluid showed that Ceravital-type glass-ceramic also forms a layer of carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite of small crystallites and/or a defective structure on its surface in the fluid. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the interface between the glassceramic and the surrounding bone showed that a thin layer rich in Ca and P is present at the interface. These findings indicated that Ceravital-type glassceramics also form the bonelike apatite layer on its surface in the body and bond to living bone through the apatite layer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1431-1442 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A cage implantation technique has been adopted in a rabbit animal model to investigate the biocompatibility of an aliphatic crosslinked polyurethane based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). In this study, four cages are represented; the cage containing the candidate polyurethane material, biomedical grade polyurethane (Tecoflex), the commercial grade polyvinylchloride (PVC), and an empty cage which were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. Exudates were aspirated from these cages at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postimplantation. Exudates were analyzed for variations in proteins, cell counts, and extracellular enzymes. Results with the four types of cage implants showed that the candidate polyurethane caused an inflammatory response comparable to that caused by medical-grade Tecoflex and the empty cage control.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1481-1494 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In an attempt to develop biodegradable polymers which can be shaped in situ and adhere to living tissues, we synthesized esterurethane prepolymers which can be cured upon contact with water in living tissues. First, D,L-lactide polymerization or D,L-lactide-∊-caprolactone (50:50) co-polymerization was carried out using ethylene glycol or poly(ethylene glycol) as initiator to obtain hydroxyl-terminated biodegradable polyesters. They were then reacted with an excess of diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate to introduce a reactive isocyanate group to both of the end groups of the polyesters. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymers could be cured in the presence of water and the cured polymers were degraded by hydrolysis both in vitro and in vivo. It was found that the presence of appropriate amounts of hydrophilic units in the main chain was essential for giving a high curing rate and a high degradation rate for the biodegradable urethane prepolymers. The tissue responses to the cured polymers were not severe.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1275-1286 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this experiment, we found that a potential carcinogen, 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), was produced from γ-ray irradiated potting materials, medical thermosetting polyurethane (PU). γ-Ray irradiated PUs were immersed in either methanol or in equine serum. The time course of MDA leached from the potting materials and other variables were compared. A significant relationship was noted between the amount extracted and the rigidity of the potting material. The accumulated amount of extracted MDA (a few ppm in the original sample) increased with increasing irradiation dose by a second-order equation. One sample indicated reduced MDA elution after irradiation in the early stage. MDA extraction with serum was 82-87% that with methanol. In one case, MDA leaching into serum in the early stage was higher than that into methanol. Autoclave sterilization did not promote MDA formation, thus indicating that autoclaving would be preferable.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 1547-1562 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Surfaces containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are interesting biomaterials because they exhibit low degrees of protein adsorption and cell adhesion. In this study different molecular weight PEO molecules were covalently attached to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films using cyanuric chloride chemistry. Prior to the PEO immobilization, amino groups were introduced onto the PET films by exposing them to an allylamine plasma glow discharge. The amino groups on the PET film were next activated with cyanuric chloride and then reacted with bis- amino PEO. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements, gravimetric analysis, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The adsorption of 125I-labeled baboon fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin was studied from buffer solutions. Gravimetric analysis indicated that the films grafted with the low-molecularweight PEO contained many more PEO molecules than the surfaces grafted with higher-molecular-weight PEO. The highmolecular-weight PEO surfaces, however, exhibited greater wettability (lower water contact angles) and less protein adsorption than the low-molecular-weight PEO surfaces. Adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen to the PEO surfaces decreased with increasing PEO molecular weight up to 3500. A further increase in molecular weight resulted in only slight decreases in protein adsorption. Protein adsorption studies as a function of buffer ionic strength suggest that there may be an ionic interaction between the protein and the allylamine surface. The trends in protein adsorption together with the water contact angle results and the gravimetric analysis suggest that a kind of “cooperative” water structuring around the larger PEO molecules may create an “excluded volume” of the hydrated polymer coils. This may be an important factor contributing to the observed low protein adsorption behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 45-57 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The determination of the fatigue properties on small specimens is not accurate. It does not take into account the considerable scatter in fatigue properties which may arise in the implants. Therefore, testing of the properties on the actual implant is needed. The working hypothesis of the present article is that four-point bending fatigue tests allow determination of the fatigue limit of the femoral component material in total hip prostheses. It eliminates the disadvantages of the previously proposed load on head test because (1) the reproducibility of the stress pattern is easy; (2) the fatigue testing is over the whole critical part of the stem; and (3) the stresses do not change during the test. Testing of a series of hip prostheses shows that (1) the measured fatigue limit is typical for the material tested; (2) the location of the fatigue fractures is over the critical medial third of the stem; and (3) the fractographic aspects correspond to those of in vivo failed prostheses. The four-point bending procedure is proposed as a standard method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 71-82 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A biodegradable copolymer of 50 polylactide:50 polyglycolide was prepared for implantation into experimentally created osseous defects in the tibias of 25 rats. Similarly prepared defects were made in the humeri of the same rats and these defects did not receive copolymer implants. Upon sacrifice, both the implant treated and untreated sites of the experimentally produced osseous defects were evaluated by gross appearance and by histomorphometric examination using a Zeiss Videoplan Image Analysis System with Osteoplan (version 4.1). The animals were evaluated in groups of five at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days. When compared with bony defects that were not treated with the biocompatible, biodegradable copolymer implant, the implant sites displayed an accelerated rate of healing at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (p 〈 0.001). A similar healing response rate, however, was observed at 42 days (p 〈 0.25-0.1). No adverse host tissue responses were observed histologically.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An in vivo evaluation of isobuty 2-cyanoacrylate as an osseous adhesive was done in an effort to answer two questions: Used in limited amounts, can this monomer maintain the reduction of an unstable intra-articular osteochondral fracture while allowing for fracture healing around the sites of adhesive placement? Used in limited amounts, in this monomer toxic to adjacent viable bone? Osteochondral fractures were created in 32 dog knees. In 16 knees, the fracture reduction was secured with three small drops of adhesive placed around the periphery of the fracture surface. In 16 control knees no adhesive was used. Eighty-one percent of the fractures in the adhesive-treated group united compared to 56% of the control group. Although the difference in number of fractures that healed in the two groups is not definitely statistically significant and no conclusion was drawn as to effectiveness of the adhesive, osseous healing was noted to proceed around the sites of adhesive placement and the monomer appeared nontoxic to adjacent bone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Polymer analogs of 3-chloro-4-benzyloxyphenylacetic acid (BPh) were prepared, representing esters of BPh with three polymer alcohols: poly(vinyl alcohol) (P-I), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P-II), and poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) (P-III). Their anti-inflammatory activity was determined by testing their inhibitory effect on the growth of edema in the hind legs of rats. The relative activities of the esters P-I-BPh and P-II-BPh with respect to that of BPh are 0.06 and 0.10, respectively. In the case of P-III-BPh the activity is stronger (0.37), probably owing to the easier release of BPh from P-III-BPh due to hydrolysis. No prolonged effect of BPh polymeric esters could be achieved.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 185-197 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructure of cells at the interface with an implanted biodegradable polymer, Polyglactin 910. Various stages of implantation were observed from 1 day to 63 days, when absorption of the polymer was essentially complete. Events occurring at the interface include initial adhesion of macrophages on the implant surface; phagocytosis of wound debris; and subsequent erosion, invasion, and phagocytosis of the polymer by macrophages and giant cells. A vascular perfusion technique for fixation of the polymer sites implanted in soft tissue is also described.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...