ALBERT

Description: In 1933 and 1935 K. Martin described a new fauna of tertiary Mollusca from asphalt deposits of Buton 1). The collection, consisting of 35 species, shows very characteristic forms, but not a single species is known from recent, pliocene, miocene or eocene deposits. There are some affinities to miocene and recent types and as the fauna is doubtless younger than Mesozoic, Martin had good reasons to consider the fauna younger than the eocene Nanggulan beds of Java but older than the oldest known mioc\xc3\xa8ne fauna of the East-Indies (West-Progo beds of Java). He ascribed the Buton fossils to the Upper-Oligocene.\nAccording to Hetzel 2), however, the localities of the fossils are situated amidst the so called Sampolakosa-beds of upper-miocene or pliocene age. He tried to give an explanation of the remarkable molluscs of Buton by suggesting that the facies of the deposits might be different from any Mollusca bearing strata hitherto known in the East Indies.

Description: La r\xc3\xa9gion \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e est situ\xc3\xa9e dans les montagnes du Liban, \xc3\xa0 cheval sur le Liban Sud et la plaine de la B\xc3\xa9kaa et s\xe2\x80\x99approche des contreforts de l\xe2\x80\x99Anti-Liban (Fig. 2, p. 256, Fig. 3, p. 260). Cette r\xc3\xa9gion fut choisie parce qu\xe2\x80\x99elle s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend sur un terrain g\xc3\xa9ologiquement fort int\xc3\xa9ressant et parce que le fond topographique venait d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaatre lev\xc3\xa9. Elle couvre la r\xc3\xa9gion haute du Liban Sud, de l\xe2\x80\x99un \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99autre bord, d\xc3\xa9borde un peu \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Ouest sur le plateau c\xc3\xa9nomanien c\xc3\xb4tier et p\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa8tre largement \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Est dans la B\xc3\xa9kaa.\nDans la r\xc3\xa9gion haute le Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 inf\xc3\xa9rieur est exceptionnellement d\xc3\xa9velopp\xc3\xa9 et riche en faune et le Jurassique y constitue la longue cr\xc3\xaate du Djebel Barouk. Dans la B\xc3\xa9kaa se trouvent les termes plus \xc3\xa9lev\xc3\xa9s de la s\xc3\xa9rie stratigraphique; C\xc3\xa9nomanien, Turonien, S\xc3\xa9nonien et Eoc\xc3\xa8ne, de sorte que toute la s\xc3\xa9rie, depuis le Kimmeridgien jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne compris, est repr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9e.

Description: Material: one well-preserved entire shell and another one, of which the ventral valve was destroyed for the greater part for the sake of chemical analysis in the \xe2\x80\x9eRijkswegenbouw-Laboratorium\xe2\x80\x9d.\nDimensions: the ventral valve of the holotype (fig. 9) has a length of 48.2 mm from the posterior or cardinal to the anterior border; the dorsal valve (fig. 8) is 45.2 mm long. The dorsal valve of the paratype (fig. 16) has a length of 53.8 mm. The breadth of the type is 49 mm, the thickness 32.6 mm. The habitus is more rhynchonelloid than terebratuloid, as e. g. in Gryphus Cubensis (Pourtal\xc3\xa8s) or Abyssothyris Thomson, 1927, or in some cretaceous groups (cf. Sahni, 1925). The shell is exactly bilaterally symmetrical, the ventral (pedicle-) valve being somewhat larger than the dorsal one, with more prominent umbo, but the dorsal valve is more convex than the ventral (figs. 11\xe2\x80\x9412). This type of shell-shape was named dorsibiconvex by Schuchert and Cooper (cf. McEwan, 1939, p. 617\xe2\x80\x94618: follow the evolution-line on the right in the diagram, the line of dorsitumid shells). As McEwan has pointed out, this and other types of the shape of brachiopodal shells may serve as reliable bases for systematical division (as was also recommended by other students); in the key to families given by McEwan (l. c, p. 620) we come, in combination with the characteristics of hinge, deltidium, foramen, shape and sculpture, to the place II-A-1-b among the Telotremata; we cannot reach the finest division as the branchial skeleton of this species is not visible.

Description: When rearranging a part of the collections of Orthoptera in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden I found a number of specimens belonging to this tribus, which by former authors is considered as a separate subfamily with the name Eumegalodontinae (Kirby, 1906, p. 289; Caudell, 1927, p. 30). With Karny I think it justified to let it retain its place as a tribe of the Copiphorinae.\nThe representatives of this group are of such a remarkable shape that they can easily be recognized among the other Copiphorinae by their relatively big head and strangely shaped prothorax, which bears strongly spined lateral processes on the disc.\nThe species under consideration can be divided into two groups, in the one of these the specimens possess a number of thorns on the fore and middle femora dorsally and ventrally. In this first group the following species are placed: Megalodon ensifer Brull\xc3\xa9 (1835) Lesina lutescens Walker (1869) Eumegalodon vaginatus Karny (1923) Eumegalodon intermedius Karny (1923) Lesina karnyi nov. spec., described below.\nIn the second group the dorsal surface of the fore and middle femora is devoid of spines, the ventral surface only bears a number of thorns. This group contains only one species: Megalodon blanchardi Brongniart (1890).\nThe generic names have been used differently by various authors.\nBrongniart (1892 a) established the name Eumegalodon for Megalodon

Description: Under the above title I intend to publish a number of short notes on Cerambycidae, including synonymies, descriptions of new species, etc. For the greater part the material on which these notes are based is from the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. In other cases the collections are always indicated. Each set of notes published together will be arranged according to Aurivillius in Coleopterorum Catalogus (JunkSchenkling), parts 52, 39, 73 and 74.\nI.\nADDITIONAL NOTE ON RHAPHIPODUS DRESCHERI\nDE JONG (PRIONINAE, PRIONINI) Rhaphipodus drescheri De Jong (fig. 1a and b) Rhaphipodus drescheri De Jong, 1936, Zool. Med., vol. 19, p. 77.\nWhen studying some Cerambycidae in the collections of the Amsterdam Zoological Museum I found three specimens, 2 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 and 1 \xe2\x99\x82, of the herementioned species from the same locality, Noesa Kembangan, and apparently belonging to the original series of specimens, all collected by Mr. F.\nC. Drescher. I would not have mentioned this find had not the measurements been varying from those given in the original description. Especially the male is larger than those I saw before. The data are as follows: These measurements agree in their proportions with those given before.\nIn the \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 the antennae reach the middle of the length of the elytra, in the \xe2\x99\x82 they are longer and reach the base of the apical third.\nSome details which were not given in the original description may be added here.\nThe prosternum (fig. 1) is finely and evenly punctulated on its whole surface except on a narrow strip along the anterior and internal margins

Description: In the course of 1941 I studied a great number of Hydroida from various northern localities present in the collections of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam. Most of these collections were made by trawlers from IJmuiden and for the greater part presented to the Museum by Mr. F. P. Vermeulen. They are from localities which are accurately known.\nMoreover, several samples of Hydroida are present in those collections, which were taken in the neighbourhood of Iceland, either by trawlers from IJmuiden or by Dr. J. Metzelaar and Dr. H. Engel. They were all sent to Dr. P. L. Kramp in 1938, who examined them for his list of Hydroida in "The Zoology of Iceland", vol. 2, pt. 5a. Most of these samples returned identified, but some bottles were returned unnamed from the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen. They contained several interesting species, some of which are not mentioned in Kramp\'s list. Only one sample contained some dried specimens, nevertheless in good condition (Iceland, near the south coast, 100 fms., J. Metzelaar and H. Engel, July, 1920). They were softened for determination and are now preserved in alcohol.\nIn addition to these Hydroida I studied several samples of Hydroida from corresponding localities present in the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. One of these samples is of great interest, viz., the Hydroida collected near Waigatsch on August 17, 1882 by J. Mar.\nRuys. These Hydroida were presented to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie by Prof. Dr. H. J. Lam. the director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden, they had been sorted out of the collections of this institution by Miss Dr. Jos. Th. Koster, custodian of the algae of the Rijksherbarium from among plants collected near the same locality.

Description: In 1939 J. M. van Roon and J. J. ter Pelkwijk published some data on two specimens of Orthragoriscus mola (L.) stranded on the Dutch coast.\nMeasurements of bones and muscles of the jaw were given on account of the functional treatise concerning the mechanism of the jaw of Orthragoriscus given by Van Dobben (1935), based upon one specimen that differed in many ways from both individuals we dissected.\nIn the following years, we got three more specimens and an examination of the jaw muscles proved them to be fully agreeing with the two fishes described before. It seems worth while to publish corresponding data and measurements.\nSpecimen C, a female, stranded December 12, 1939 near Kamperduin in the neighbourhood of Schoorl. This fish was more oblong than either of the others. The sides were covered with longitudinal ripples. J. J. ter Pelkwijk dissected it on the beach on December 13.\nSpecimen D, a male caught in a trawl near the coast off Scheveningen December 13, 1940, was brought to the Zoological Garden at The Hague where it was exhibited for a month in a 4 % formol solution. Then it was brought to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, were it was dissected by J. M. van Roon and P. H. Creutzberg. This fish was much smaller than the others and more circular. It had a conspicuous ridge above the eyes and a curved ridge under the eyes and pectoral fins.\nSpecimen E, a female, stranded November 30, 1941 near Schoorl; it was found by Mr. K. Kuiper at Alkmaar, who sent it to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, where it was dissected by J. M. van Roon and G. P.\nBaerends on December 11. This fish differed less than C and D from

Description: Genus Philippia Gray, 1847 Ph. abyssorum (Melvill & Standen) Solarium abyssorum Melvill & Standen, Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 12, p. 297, pl. 21, fig. 1; 1903.\nType locality: "Gulf of Oman, lat. 24\xc2\xba 58\' N., long. 56\xc2\xba 54\' E., 156 fathoms".\nThis Philippia is related to Ph. oxytropis A. Ad.\nPh. atkinsoni (Smith) Solarium atkinsoni Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 441, pl. 35, figs. 19, 19a, 19b; 1891.\nArchitectonica atkinsoni, Hedley, Rec. Austral. Mus., vol. 6, p. 285; 1907.\nType locality: "dredged off Sydney in 410 fathoms", "Station 164 B".\nPh. certesi (Dautzenberg & Fischer) Solarium Certesi Dautzenberg & Fischer, M\xc3\xa9m. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 9, p. 452, pl. 19, figs. 3, 4, 5; 1896.\nSolarium Certesi, Dautzenberg & Fischer, M\xc3\xa9m. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 10, p. 159; 1897.\nSolarium Certesi, Dautzenberg, R\xc3\xa9s. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. 72, p. 121, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5, 6; 1927.\nType locality: "A\xc3\xa7ores: Hirondelle (1888), Stn. 39, 1557 m., Stn. 47, 1372 m., Stn. 69, 1300 m.; Pr. Alice (1895), Stn. 46, 1385 m., Stn. 71, 1165 m." Dautzenberg & Fischer place this species in the genus Solarium. It is not a Solarium s.s., however, but they do not specify the subgenus to which it belongs. The angulate periphery, the more or less triangular aperture and

Description: During the preparation of an account of the grasses for the flora of Dutch Guiana many difficulties were found in the identification of species of the genus Axonopus. Our knowledge as to the most recent treatment is entirely based upon Doell\xe2\x80\x99s work for the Flora Brasiliensis. It is, however, evident that Doell did not see many types and his concept of many species proves to be incorrect. The modern genus Axonopus is not accepted by Doell but treated by him as a section Emprosthion of the large genus Paspalum. The difficulties arose already when he treated Fluegge\xe2\x80\x99s Paspalum furcatum which is a continental North American species. Raddi\xe2\x80\x99s Paspalum obtusifolium from Brazil, although given as a synonym, is a quite distinct species. As another synonym is mentioned by Doell in Fl. Bras., Vol. II, pars II, p. 103: Panicum surinamense Hochstetter in Hostm. et Kappler, Plant. Surinam, n. 1283 with the addition: \xe2\x80\x9cspiculis ad margines, imprimis basi, magis pilosis\xe2\x80\x9d. The correct citation of Panicum surinamense Hochst. is, however, given by Steudel in his Synopsis, where the species is published. The type of Steudel was certainly not seen by Doell, but the valid publication of the year 1854 was mentioned by Doell under Paspalum scoparium Fluegge with the same number 1283 and the addition \xe2\x80\x9cpartis nomine\xe2\x80\x9d. I observe here that the synonyms under Paspalum scoparium Fluegge in Doell\xe2\x80\x99s treatment are for the greater part wrongly placed. It may be that Doell saw different plants of Hostmann and Kappler\xe2\x80\x99s number 1283, but the type of Steudel corresponds to only one definite species, correctly described by him.\nFrom the description it is evident that Steudel\xe2\x80\x99s plant is neither Paspalum furcatum nor Paspalum scoparium. To demonstrate this we have but to compare the description from the year 1854 which runs as follows: Panicum surinamense Hochst. (Hrbr. Dr. Hostmann nr. 1283) Erectum; culmo firmo valido elato (abscisso 3-pedali); vaginis longissimis basi cum nodis dense molliterque sursum ad vaginas tantum pilosis; foliis linearibus compressis (1\xe2\x80\x99 longis in statu explanato 4\xe2\x80\x945\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99 latis) glabris carina scabriusculis; racemis elongatis (6\xe2\x80\x949\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99) longis strictis fasciculatis (6\xe2\x80\x948); spiculis solitariis subsessilibus alternis subimbricatis lanceolatis glabris; gluma inferiore vix ulla (nisi apex explanatus pedicelli brevissimi), superiore 3-nervia flosculum aequante. Surinam.

Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein ausf\xc3\xbchrliches Resum\xc3\xa9 einer Arbeit in holl\xc3\xa4ndischer Sprache dar: \xe2\x80\x9eDe geologie van het westelijk deel van het Heuvelland van Monferrato tusschen Turijn en Murisengo\xe2\x80\x9d, Dissert. Leiden, Augustus 1941 2).\nDas bearbeitete Gebiet ist bisher, namentlich in tektonischer Hinsicht, nur oberfl\xc3\xa4chlich untersucht worden. St\xc3\xb6rungen wurden nie erw\xc3\xa4hnt, Profile waren nur sp\xc3\xa4rlich vorhanden. Da sich die Stratigraphie als ausserordentlich interessant erwies, sobald die feineren Merkmale in einer Karte eingetragen wurden, wie es hier geschah 3), konnte zum ersten Mal ein Schema der sediment\xc3\xa4ren Genese f\xc3\xbcr einen erheblichen Teil der Berge von Monferrato aufgestellt werden.

Description: In 1928 maakte J. Cosijn, als eerste Leidsche student, een begin met de detailkaarteering 1:25000 van een deel der Bergamasker Alpen. Thans is dit werk zoover gevorderd, dat een strook tusschen het Lago di Como en het Ogliodal vrijwel geheel gekaarteerd is.\nDat bij zoovele onderzoekers verschil van opvatting over het bepalen van stratigrafische grenzen heerscht, valt niet te verwonderen. Zoo ontstonden feitelijk drie groote problemen, t. w.

Description: Crystals of the notched or grooved type are known from some minerals which crystallise in the cubic system.\nFrom diamond grooved octahedrons are known, whose grooves remind us of octahedral faces, or the faces of triakis octahedra or hexakis ostahedra. From ha\xc3\xbcynite too grooved octahedrons are pictured, whose grooves are bordered by octahedral faces. Grooved analcite is known in icositetrahedrons, the grooves are bordered by faces of the same icositetrahedron.

Description: In this paper we described the molar teeth of E. primigenius found in our country and stored in the Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie at Leyden. Special attention is paid to the individual age of the animals at the moment when the grinders were rendered inoparative. As a rule this must have taken place at the moment of the animals dying. In fig. 3 is shown that proportionately the greater number of animals died at the age of 30\xe2\x80\x9460. There are sound reasons to suppose that most of the animals died in the period of life between the 30th and the 45th year. This seem to point to unfavourable life conditions during the time that the woolly mammoth dwelled in the Netherlands. (That time lies between the Mindel-Riss interglacial period and the \xe2\x80\x9cLate glacial time\xe2\x80\x9d of the W\xc3\xbcrm glacial period. Remnants, however, of mammoths found in deposits of pre-W\xc3\xbcrm age are rare).\nTo obtain more arresting proofs that these animals lived so short because of unfavourable climatic conditions and not because of their ordinary struggle for life, it is necessary that data about the individual ages of mammoths of (1\xc2\xb0) various parts of the world and (2\xc2\xb0) several geological times are collected.\nIn this paper we have tried to give such data. The reader finds here the individual ages of an amount of Dutch mammoths. Unfortunately however, the data necessary for an exact fixing of the geological age were in much cases not available. Many specimens were dredged and recovered in rivers, or found by non-geologists. It is not improbably that investigations, established with better dated material will show a correlation between the individual duration of life and the several climatic changes of Pleistocene time.

Description: The Pasoemah region S of the Goemai Mts. in W. Palembang is largely occupied by Quaternary volcanics, which form a sharply dissected plateaulike country, whose surface gradually slopes downward in an ENE direction from \xc2\xb1 1000 m to \xc2\xb1 300 m above sea-level, conformably to the courses of the Selangis and Lematang Rivers above their point of confluence. Where the Lematang River unites with the Moelak River, the acid welded tuffs of the Pasoemah highland, to which attention will be drawn in this paper, are cut off by a steep bluff, formed undoubtedly by retrogressive erosion, which was substantially facilitated by the presence of vertical cleavage planes in the rhyolitic tuff series.\nIn the Goemai Mts., described elsewhere in detail by K.A.F.R. Musper (1937) and also dealt with by the present writer in a previous paper (J. Westerveld, 1941), a core of strongly folded lower-Cretaceous sediments, cut by various intrusiva, is covered unconformably by a steeply tilted series of Eogene or old-Miocene andesitic tuffs and breccias, the Lower Kikim tuffs, which again are covered with slight unconformity by the old-Miocene Upper Kikim tuffs or basal section of the Batoeradja-Telisa series. The base of the Pasoemah volcanics is generally formed by the S-ward dipping Telisa beds or upper part of the latter series; a monotonous sequence of Globigerina marls and shales with intercalated andesitic tuffs and breccias, layers of glauconitic sandstone, platy or concretionnary limestones, and occasional horizons with plant remains. Below the Quaternary tuff mantles this series unquestionably merges S-ward into the late-Miocene Lower Palembang beds, which only seem to be exposed quite locally at the bottom of the Selangis gorge NE of Pageralam (Musper, 1937, p. 41). The lower and thickest portion of the flat-lying, post-Tertiary, volcanic sequence is formed by welded rhyolitic tuffs, and the upper part by andesitic tuffs and agglomerates from the andesitic volcanoes, which border the Pasoemah highland on the W (G. Dempo), the S (the volcanoes of the Semendoh highland) and the E (the G. Isau-isau). Of these eruption points the Dempo volcano and the Semendoh volcanoes lie outside the map region.

Description: The Cypraeacea of the Cosijn collection and from the localities M1\xe2\x80\x94M 262 of the Mijnwezen collection were already discussed by me in a previous paper 3). Recently some new material was sent to me by Dr. C. O. van Regteren Altena; these new shells partly derive from the localities M 263\xe2\x80\x94M 347 of the Mijnwezen collection 4), partly they belong to the Dubois collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden. I thought it useful to include in the present study all the Cypraeacea of the Cosijn and Mijnwezen collections, whether already dealt with before or not, as well as the shells from Sonde in the collection K. Martin (R. G. M. L.) 5), the Cypraeacea of the Dubois collection, and some other specimens examined in Dutch collections. Thus the total number of examined Cypraeacea from Pliocene and Pleistocene beds of the Kendeng Mountains rose to 145 specimens belonging to 29 species or races.\nThe formulae added to the descriptions of specimens have been explained in the same paper 6); the seven figures indicate: 1. the length of the shell in mm.; 2. and 3. (both in brackets) the relative breadth and height (i.e. the dorso-ventral diameter) of the shell, both in per cent of the length (the figure indicating the relative height often has been omitted); 4. and 5. the absolute number of labial and columellar teeth, the left anterior terminal ridge excluded; 6. and 7. (both in brackets) the relative number of these teeth reduced to hypothetical shells of 10 mm. (in Eratoidae) or 25 mm. (in Cypraeidae and Amphiperatidae). The species have been arranged according to my last systema 7).

Description: During a visit to southern Limburg in the summer of 1942 several living specimens of Helicigona lapicida (L.) were discovered near Kamerig. In this locality the species was found in such large numbers that it seems almost astonishing that its occurrence in such abundance there had hitherto escaped attention. So far the occurrence of undoubtedly living specimens of this characteristic snail in the Netherlands has only been reported by Vervoort (1941), who recorded specimens from a couple of localities also situated in southern Limburg, where, however, the species had only been found in small numbers.\nHenrard and Koumans (1936) had previously drawn the attention to the occurrence of more or less fossilized specimens in various localities in the same region. They mentioned shells found in situ in the disintegrated stratum immediately covering the cretaceous layers which come to the surface in numerous places in the province of Limburg (e.g., specimens from Gronsveld), as well as shells apparently washed from this stratum by the rain (e.g., specimens found at the base of cretaceous slopes near Epen). All these specimens are reported to be more or less corroded, calcareous and deprived of their periostracum, though the original colour is often vestigial and represented by pale purple transverse bands. These authors, failing to discover a single living snail, consequently concluded that Helicigona lapicida is not indigenous and that it occurs only in a subfossil state.\nOther localities have been given by Van Benthem Jutting (1927, 1933).\nIn her first paper Helicigona lapicida is marked with a f, which means that no living specimens were collected. The localities mentioned are: Bloemen-

Description: In 1933 Dr. G. J. van Oordt together with a number of biological students made an excursion to the Camargue. During that trip he collected some samples of mud from brackish ponds and pools in the Rh\xc3\xb4ne Delta, which collection he entrusted me for further research. At this place I will bring him my renewed thanks for his contribution to nematology. Although the collection was not great, it brought to light some interesting new species.\nMoreover it allows us to say something about the penetration of marine forms into brackish waters. A comparison of the list of forms given below with the lists I have given from Nematodes found to occur in the former Zuidersea shows that the penetration of marine forms into brackish waters in the Mediterranean is performed in the same way as for instance in the Zuidersea. Here and there we find forms belonging to genera and even species, that are either the same or closely related. The species found in the habitats in the Camargue apparently are just as in the Zuidersea species adapted to life in brackish water and are able to live in surroundings with variable salinities. At least species like Theristus oxycerca, Anoplostoma viviparum and Tripyloides marinus, but apparently also Sphaerolaimus gracilis are oligohalophile.\nIn total 37 specimens belonging to 11 species were studied. They were collected in the following localities: I. Salin de Giraud, no. 44, excursion Dr. G. J. van Oordt, June 9, 1933.\nEcological conditions of the habitat: 5 cm3 white sand mixed with shells of Cardium and other molluscs, some Amphipods, and Foraminifera. Nemic index 0.6.\nAnoplostoma viviparum De Man, 1\xe2\x99\x82; a Monhystera species in bad

Description: Smith (1937, pp. 215\xe2\x80\x94216, fig. 1) described and figured the different types of scales of the lower surface of the toes in Lygosoma and allied genera. Although several of these types may be found within one genus, they are useful as additional characters to distinguish certain species or groups of species from each other. When studying a number of IndoAustralian scincid lizards, I noticed that the arrangement of the scales on the dorsal surface of the digits shows differences too, which it may be worth while to include in the descriptions of the species as they provide additional characters. The arrangement of the scales seems to be fairly constant within the species. In some cases slight variations were found, but in a series of over one hundred specimens of Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) temminckii Dum. & Bibr. no variations were found.\nTo make matters not too complicated I have limited my notes to the dorsal scales of the fourth toe, but from the examination, which in a few cases I made of other digits, it became clear that they show no important differences from the fourth toe.\nI. The simplest type of arrangement is that in which the toe is covered by a single row of scales, which only at the very base divides into two rows in some species (fig. 1a). This type is found in the following species: Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) minutum Meyer, L. (Sph.) ornatum Gray, L. (Sph.) pardalis (Macleay), Lygosoma (Leiolepisma) grande (Gray), Lygosoma (Leiol.) aeneum (Gir.), L. (Leiol.) moco Dum. & Bibr., L. (Leiol.) nigrofasciolatum Ptrs., L. (Leiol.) himalayanum (Gthr.), L. (Leiol.) ladacense (Gthr.), L. (Leiol.) sikkimense (Blyth), L. (Leiol.) telfairii (Desj.) (fig. 1a), L. (Leiol.) metallicum (O\'Shaughn.), L. (Leiol.)

Description: L\xe2\x80\x99histoire g\xc3\xa9ologique de Monferrato est marqu\xc3\xa9e par une s\xc3\xa9rie de transgressions et de r\xc3\xa9gressions de la mer, qui se manifestent g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ralement d\xe2\x80\x99une mani\xc3\xa8re tr\xc3\xa8s distincte dans la partie orientale de ces collines. Nous avons r\xc3\xa9sum\xc3\xa9 cette histoire sch\xc3\xa9matiquement dans la fig. 3 1).\nDans les r\xc3\xa8gles qui suivent nous d\xc3\xa9crirons \xc3\xa0 grands traits le d\xc3\xa9veloppement de la partie orientale du bassin de Monferrato \xc3\xa0 partir du Jurassique jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 la fin du Plioc\xc3\xa8ne.\nPendant le Jurassique et le Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 un grand bassin assez profond (mais certainement pas abyssal) s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tendait des Alpes occidentales (schistes lustr\xc3\xa9s) jusqu\xe2\x80\x99au SE de Bologna. Ce bassin \xc3\xa9tait entour\xc3\xa9 de terre ayant peu ou point de relief, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il y avait peu de transport de mat\xc3\xa9riaux terrig\xc3\xa8nes. Des d\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xb4ts argileux se formaient. A la fin du Cr\xc3\xa9tac\xc3\xa9 une grande r\xc3\xa9gression s\xe2\x80\x99est manifest\xc3\xa9 (d\xc3\xa9position de conglom\xc3\xa9rats dans les collines occidentales, voir Beets p. 224). Apr\xc3\xa8s cette r\xc3\xa9gression le bassin de Monferrato \xc3\xa9tait peu profond et plus ou moins barr\xc3\xa9. Des argiles bitumineuses et des calcaires marneux se d\xc3\xa9posaient. Au commencement de l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne sup\xc3\xa9rieur la r\xc3\xa9gression s\xe2\x80\x99est poursuivie: il s\xe2\x80\x99est form\xc3\xa9 un s\xc3\xa9diment de marnes friables alternant avec des couches sableuses, parfois m\xc3\xaame caillouteuses. A la fin de l\xe2\x80\x99Eoc\xc3\xa8ne un plissement s\xe2\x80\x99est manifest\xc3\xa9. Les \xe2\x80\x9enoyaux\xe2\x80\x9d \xc3\xa9oc\xc3\xa8nes de Casale et de Brusaschetto se sont form\xc3\xa9s.\nL\xe2\x80\x99Oligoc\xc3\xa8ne a commenc\xc3\xa9 par une transgression, pendant laquelle il y avait des c\xc3\xb4tes ou bien des hauts-fonds dans le sud et dans le NE de la r\xc3\xa9gion. La quantit\xc3\xa9 de mat\xc3\xa9riel caillouteux amen\xc3\xa9 par les rivi\xc3\xa8res des r\xc3\xa9gions r\xc3\xa9cemment soulev\xc3\xa9es (Alpes occidentales, Apennins septentrionaux) \xc3\xa9tait grande et a donn\xc3\xa9 naissance aux zones conglom\xc3\xa9ratiques. A la fin du Rup\xc3\xa9lien le relief des r\xc3\xa9gions soulev\xc3\xa9es avait beaucoup diminu\xc3\xa9, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il y avait peu de transport pendant le Chattien (\xe2\x80\x9eOligoc\xc3\xa8ne sup\xc3\xa9rieur\xe2\x80\x9d de Beets). Le bassin chattien \xc3\xa9tait d\xe2\x80\x99ailleurs beaucoup moins \xc3\xa9tendu que le bassin tongrien-rup\xc3\xa9lien.\nPendant l\xe2\x80\x99Aquitanien la zone c\xc3\xb4ti\xc3\xa8re (ou le haut-fond) dans le nord du bassin a subsist\xc3\xa9, tandis que la ligne des c\xc3\xb4tes m\xc3\xa9ridionale s\xe2\x80\x99est d\xc3\xa9plac\xc3\xa9 plus au nord que pendant le Tongrien-Rup\xc3\xa9lien. Le mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tait plus gros et plus abondant que pendant le Chattien, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99il faut admettre un l\xc3\xa9ger soul\xc3\xa8vement des r\xc3\xa9gions entourantes au commencement de l\xe2\x80\x99Aquitanien. Pendant le Langhien le relief de ces r\xc3\xa9gions avait diminu\xc3\xa9 de nouveau. La quantit\xc3\xa9 de mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 dans le bassin \xc3\xa9tait donc assez r\xc3\xa9duite. Il y avait des circonstances favorables \xc3\xa0 la formation de d\xc3\xa9p\xc3\xb4ts calcaires. La mer s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait retir\xc3\xa9e plus vers l\xe2\x80\x99ouest, de sorte que toute la partie orientale des collines de Moncalvo-Casale n\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait plus submerg\xc3\xa9e.\nApr\xc3\xa8s le Langhien la grande transgression helv\xc3\xa9tienne a commenc\xc3\xa9; le mat\xc3\xa9riel transport\xc3\xa9 dans le bassin est devenu plus abondant et plus gros. La pal\xc3\xa9og\xc3\xa9ographie du bassin s\xe2\x80\x99est chang\xc3\xa9e un peu: \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99ouest de Moncalvo la ligne des c\xc3\xb4tes (dans ce cas: ligne de profondeur \xc3\xa9gale) ne s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tendait plus en direction ouest.\nPendant le Tortonien et le Messinien les mouvements orog\xc3\xa9niques, presque continus pendant tout le Tertiaire, se sont manifest\xc3\xa9s dans un plissement plus marqu\xc3\xa9, qui a produit un renversement de relief. Pendant le Messinien la r\xc3\xa9gression, qui avait commenc\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa8s la fin de l\xe2\x80\x99Helv\xc3\xa9tien a atteint son extension maximale. Des lentilles de gypse se sont form\xc3\xa9es, les coquilles de formes saum\xc3\xa2tres pr\xc3\xa9valent.\nEnfin la grande transgression plioc\xc3\xa8ne a submerg\xc3\xa9 le bassin de Monferrato pour la derni\xc3\xa8re fois. Un faible plissement, suivi par le soul\xc3\xa8vement d\xc3\xa9finitif de la r\xc3\xa9gion enti\xc3\xa8re au-dessus du niveau de la mer termine l\xe2\x80\x99histoire tertiaire du bassin de Pi\xc3\xa9monte.

Description: 1. Vorbemerkungen. Lange Zeit kannte man nur eine Art dieser interessanten Gattung aus dem Obereoc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Java, n\xc3\xa4mlich Buccinulum jogjacartense (Martin) [Martin, 1914, S. 142]. Vor kurzem beschrieb dann Oostingh eine zweite javanische Art, nun aus dem Plioc\xc3\xa4n von S\xc3\xbcd-Bantam (1939, S. 117). Inzwischen hatten aber Wanner und Hahn (1935, S. 250) zwei Arten dieser in der rezenten indopacifischen Fauna nicht vertretenen Gattung als eine Art beschrieben und sie ausserdem unter die Gattung Siphonalia eingereiht. Dank der Freundlichkeit von Herrn Prof. Wanner erhielt ich die Originale dieser Arten zwecks weiterer Untersuchung und konnte dabei feststellen, dass die Beschreibung, welche seinerzeit zwei Arten unter einer einzigen zusammenfasste, nicht zutreffend war.\nFerner liegen mir noch mehr Arten vor aus dem Mioc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Sumatra und Borneo, die in holl\xc3\xa4ndischen Sammlungen (generisch unbestimmt) vorhanden waren; nach eingehender Pr\xc3\xbcfung liessen sich weitere Arten darunter nicht nachweisen, sodass die Resultate sich in vorliegender Mitteilung zusammenfassen lassen.

Description: Part I of this monograph has been published in volume 10 of this Journal, pp. 241\xe2\x80\x94320, 1938. Preparing this second part I met with the help and assistance from many persons and institutes again, for which I express my most cordial thanks here.\nThe figures illustrating this paper have been drawn once more by Mr. L. P. Pouderoyen, while the \xe2\x80\x9eZoologisch Insulinde Fonds\xe2\x80\x9d supplied the cost of these illustrations.

Description: Bekanntlich hat K. Martin zweimal (1933, 1935, vgl. auch 1937) einige Mollusken aus dem angeblichen Oberoligoc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Buton beschrieben, auf deren merkw\xc3\xbcrdige Charaktere er ausdr\xc3\xbccklich hinwies. Ich selbst konnte seine Feststellungen an Hand reichlichen neueren Materials nur best\xc3\xa4tigen und erg\xc3\xa4nzen 1): wenn man, es sei an dieser Stelle wiederholt, diese Molluskenfauna auf ihren Zusammenhang mit anderen Faunen hin pr\xc3\xbcft, so kommt man bald zu der Einsicht, dass zu anderen palaeogenen Faunen fast gar keine Beziehungen bestehen, jedenfalls nicht zu jenen benachbarter Erdteile (diese Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen sind vielleicht bloss Konvergenz-Beispiele); wirklich nahe Beziehungen bestehen nur zu der Neogenfauna nahegelegener Teile des ostindischen Inselreiches selbst: Timor-Ceram und merkw\xc3\xbcrdigerweise auch Nias (und Ost-Borneo 2). Aus allem darf man wohl schliessen, dass die Oligoc\xc3\xa4n-Mollusken von Buton ein Glied einer sich autochthon entwickelnden Fauna der Osth\xc3\xa4lfte von Insulinde darstellen, die nur ausnahmsweise auf die Faunen anderer Gegenden \xc3\xbcbergreift.\nVor kurzem lernte ich noch ein paar Arten aus dem Plioc\xc3\xa4n der Insel Ceram und dem Jungneogen der Insel Nias kennen, die uns neue Ankn\xc3\xbcpfungspunkte zwischen der Oligoc\xc3\xa4nfauna Butons und dem indischen Neogen bieten; sie sind daher von faunistischer Bedeutung, weshalb ich sie zur Beschreibung ausw\xc3\xa4hlte; sie entstammen dem Komplex des Jung-Neogens von Ceram (aus denen Fischer 1927 zahlreiche Arten systematisch behandelt hat), andererseits also dem Jungneogen von Nias.

Description: Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) florense barbouri Dunn (Pl. VI fig. 1) Sphenomorphus florense barbouri Dunn, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 288, 1927, p. 5, and Dunn, in: Burden, Dragon Lizards of Komodo, 1927, p. 203. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Noil Toko, Timor, 1937, leg. P. F. van West, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 7033. 5 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 6 \xe2\x99\x80 \xe2\x99\x80, Timor, leg. M\xc3\xbcller & Macklot, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2535. 3 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 7 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80,2??, Samao, leg. M\xc3\xbcller & Macklot, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2534.\nThese specimens are provisionally referred to the subspecies barbouri, described by Dunn from Wetar .Id. The dark colour of the throat apparently is a character dependent on age; with four exceptions all specimens of a head and body length above 51 mm have black throats or at least some black spots on the throat. Of the four exceptions three specimens have a length of less than 55 mm (cf. table 1). There is no light and dark posttympanic mark as described for the Wetar specimens by Dunn. A light vertebral stripe is present in some specimens, but absent in others. It is possible that the populations on Samao and Timor represent a distinct subspecies, but a revision of the subspecies recognized by Dunn is necessary to settle wether these all can be maintained. P1. VI fig. 1 shows the coloration in life of a black-throated specimen for which M\xc3\xbcller used the name melanopogon (Dum\xc3\xa9ril & Bibron, 1839, p. 724).\nTwo females from Timor each contained two eggs.\nLygosoma (Sphenomorphus) emigrans Lidth de Jeude 1 \xe2\x99\x82,3 \xe2\x99\x80 \xe2\x99\x80, cotypes, Soemba, leg. Dr. H. ten Kate, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 4351. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Kambera, Soemba, III. 1925, leg. Dr. K. W. Dammerman, Zool. Mus. Amsterdam. 1 \xe2\x99\x80, Pajeti, Soemba, leg. P. J. Lambooij, Zool. Mus. Amsterdam. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, 1 \xe2\x99\x80, Samao, leg. S. M\xc3\xbcller, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 2600.

Description: In recent literature two subspecies of Mustela nudipes, viz., Mustela nudipes nudipes Desm. and Mustela nudipes leucocephalus (Gray), are recognized. In a survey of the Indo-Australian weasels, Dammerman (1940, p. 269) discussed the possibility of recognizing these two subspecies, but through lack of material he could not arrive at a definite conclusion. Since Dammerman\'s notes were published three more specimens were brought to light in the collections of our Museum. Moreover we had at our disposal two specimens from the collection of Mr. H. J. V. Sody, as well as four specimens and a skull in the Amsterdam Zoological Museum. A study of the variation of Mustela nudipes led us to reconsider the status of Mustela hamakeri Dammerman (1940, p. 266, pl. XV) as a distinct species.\nBefore describing and discussing the specimens examined by us, it may be useful to give a historical account of the species, of its subspecies, and of the names involved.\nThe first description of Mustela nudipes is that by Geoffroy SaintHilaire & F. Cuvier (1821), who also published a coloured plate showing this species. The authors gave the species the French name "Furet de Java", and the scientific name "Nudipes". The species is stated to belong to the "sous-genre des Putois", but neither for this subgenus, nor for the genus a scientific name is mentioned. In an earlier part of the same work the authors (1820) describe "Le Furet" under the name Mustela Furo, and, therefore, Dammerman accepts Mustela as the genus to which nudipes was referred by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier. From a nomenclatorial point of view, it is more safe perhaps to accept Desmarest\'s use of "mustela nudipes" as the first valid one. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & F. Cuvier (1842,

Description: Diagnosis. Aplysiidae of conical form, narrower in front, wide and obliquely truncate behind. Integument more or less warty, the warts bearing villi; warts and villi being wholly retractile. Parapodia united, save for a dorsal slit; the free lobes covering the slit leave two conspicuous respiratory openings, one at the posterior and one at the anterior \'end. The posterior respiratory opening, corresponding to the mantle-siphon, lies about in the middle of the posterior disc, the anterior opening outside the disc, somewhat in front of the disc\'s anterior margin. Shell solid, hatchetshaped, the free spire calloused. Penis armed or unarmed. Radula with inconspicuous, often reduced rhachidian tooth and many laterals with long simple cusps.\nShort history of the genus Though most authors consider it, with Cuvier (1804) a discovery of Peron, that Rumphius\' animal of plate X belongs to the shell of his plate XL, this seems not true. If we compare the text on p. 38 on Limax (marina) tertia with that on p. 122-3 on the Opercula callorum, it is clear that Rumphius was speaking of the same species of mollusc, that the only mistake Schijnvoet, the editor of Rumph\'s M.S., made, was that he did not refer to p. 38 when Rumphius on p. 122 remarked: "zijnde een slach van den Limax marina". The "third operculum" lies in the flesh and looks like a ham ("schonkje van een varken", which may be a scapula, as some have interpreted it, or a ham, as Rumphius himself said on p. 38).\nAll details on the taste and smell and on the habitat are the same on p. 38 and p. 123. We may conclude that Rumphius intended the same animal, though the description of the animal and that of the shell were each

Description: In June 1932 my friend Prof. Dr. G. C. Hirsch made some biological studies at the marine biological laboratory of Palma di Mallorca. He was accompanied by Dr. E. Ries, at that time Rockefeller Fellow. Both did collect for me some samples of marine sediments from which I have picked out the freeliving marine nematodes for further study. In the same year Dr. A. Oosterbaan made an excursion to Ibiza together with some other geological students and brought home from there for me some samples of mud with marine nematodes. The result of the 3 mentioned small collections, of which that of Hirsch is the most important, will be given in this paper. Next to a comparatively great number of typical mediterranean marine nematodes, a restricted number has a more cosmopolitic distribution. We may, however, say that in view of the great number of forms, which in their distribution apparently are restricted to the mediterranean and therefore should be considered as typical forms of that region, this intracontinental sea possesses a nemic fauna, which is more or less isolated and as to its composition probably is hardly influenced by foreign intruders from the Atlantic. Of more importance I think are intruders from the Black Sea and eventually from the Red Sea. All three mentioned collections comprise 310 specimens, belonging to 36 species.\nDistributed over the orders and families we get the following list: Enoploidea Family Leptosomatidae: Anticoma acuminata (Eberth).\nFamily Oxystomatidae: Halalaimus longicauda Allg\xc3\xa9n, Trefusia filum nov. spec.\nFamily Enoplidae: Enoplus meridionalis Steiner.

Description: When Clark (1921) cleared the genus Linckia from superfluous synonyms, he could give no opinion on Linckia rosenbergi Von Martens 1866, p. 63 from Amboina. The unique holotype was in the Berlin Museum and hence not easily accessible to him, the species had not been described again.\nIn his key Clark lays the stress on Von Martens\' remark: "Die Porenfelder liegen zwischen den zwei Reihen gr\xc3\xb6sserer Pl\xc3\xa4ttchen an der Armseite dicht aneinander, ohne alle Unterbrechung (wie bei Ophidiaster suturalis M\xc3\xbcll. & Troschel), aber die Poren behalten dieselbe Anordnung in runde Gruppen (Felder) von circa 10 Poren bei". Clark interpreted this as follows: "Poriferous areas between superomarginals and inferomarginals in an unbroken, continuous series, more or less circular, each with about 10 pores".\nIn the Leiden Museum I found an animal, that aroused my curiosity: it was a common L. laevigata, labelled L. rosenbergi from Amboina. As this Museum possesses many animals collected by Von Rosenberg (cf. A. Gijzen, \'s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie 1820-1915, Dissertation, Leiden, 1938), it is possible, that it is a topotype. It conformed rather well with Von Martens\' description, showing R till 38 mm, r 6 1/2 mm, br. 7 mm, so R = 5br and 6r. There are in the armcorners 5 rows of ventrals, 2 of which only continue along nearly the whole arm. The proximal third of the arm shows on the dorsal side the rather distinct area free of pores, formed by a more or less regular median row of plates. The whole in short, is a typical, beautiful and regular L. laevigata. Yet it is impossible to give any important difference from the description of L. rosenbergi The only way to solve the problem was the study of the type specimen.\nProfessor Arndt of the Berlin Museum was so kind to send me the type

Description: Besides the Amathusiidae in the general collection the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden possesses a considerable number of representatives of the group, in excellently preserved specimens, in the collection of the late Mr. J. H. Jurriaanse. Moreover I could study the Amathusiidae in the collection of the Zoological Laboratory at Groningen, at present in the custody of the Leiden Museum. After I had completed my work at Leiden I had an opportunity to examine the material of the group in the Zoologisch Museum at Amsterdam, which, besides the general collection of the Society "Natura Artis Magistra" consists of the collections of the late Messrs. A. Mos and P. J. van den Bergh. In the following pages the different collections at Leiden are indicated by L., J., and G., those at Amsterdam by A., M., and B. respectively. I want to express my thanks to the directors of the two Museums, Prof. H. Boschma at Leiden and Prof. L. F. de Beaufort at Amsterdam for giving me the opportunity to study the material. Further I am indebted to Dr. C. de Jong of the Leiden Museum, who at my request made the photographs and drawings of the male genitals of a number of specimens, reproduced in the present paper. 1. Subfamilia AMATHUSIINAE F. Moore, 1893 1. Genus Amathusia J. C. Fabr., 1807 Amathusia phidippus phidippus (Johans., 1764) L. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Batavia, 1916. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Batavia, 11 Dec. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Batavia, Dec. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Batavia, 9-5-\'24. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Batavia, 23-5-\'24. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Buitenzorg, July 1909, H. W. v. d. Weele. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Buitenzorg, 8-8-\'09, H. W. v. d. Weele. 2 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82 Weltevreden, 25-10-\'12, D. van Mullem. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Bandoeng, W. Java, 9 July. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 Bandoeng, Java, 20-7-\'12, Oudemans. 3 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82 Garoet, Java, 13-4-\'93,

Description: In 1941 and 1942 I studied the rather extensive collection of Erotylidae in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, the results of this study are given in the following pages. The collection is chiefly composed of material which during a long series of years gradually was acquired by the Museum, though a great deal formerly was a part of private collections which later as a whole became the property of the Museum and then the specimens were incorporated into the general collection. The most important of these private collections is that of Dr. H. J. Veth, other important collections are those of Dr. D. MacGillavry, and of Mr. J. J. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, the latter collection recently presented to the Museum. Moreover the Museum possesses certain collections which have to remain as separate units besides the general collections. Erotylidae are contained in some of these, viz., that of Jhr. Dr. E. J. G. Everts (the standard collection of Netherlands Coleoptera), that of Mr. A. E. Kerkhoven, and that of Mr. A. J. F. Fokker van Crayesteyn van Rengerskerke.\nUnder each species the material of these collections is mentioned after that of the general collection of the museum.\nSeveral specimens proved to be representatives of new species or new varieties, these are described in the following pages. Among these there are a number which were labelled by P. Kuhnt with a new name, which apparently never was published. I have named these species with the museum names already given to them by Kuhnt, as also in other collections these names may be already present.\nBehind the name of each species the measurements are given in mm, these measurements (length, and in several cases also the maximum

Description: In my first paper on Malaysian Convolvulaceae in Blumea III, 1938, p. 62\xe2\x80\x9494, I pointed out (p. 83) that Neuropeltis racemosa Wall, has often been confounded both in literature and in herbaria with another species from the Malay Peninsula, N. Maingayi Peter. Moreover, on p. 85, I expressed my doubt whether specimens from Indo China, mentioned in literature as N. racemosa Wall, (by Gagnepain & Courchet in Lecomte, Flore Generale de l\xe2\x80\x99Indo-Chine IV, 1915, p. 290, fig. 31) actually belong to that species. A more detailed study of materials from Indo China has now brought to light, that the plants from that country are different from those occurring in the Malay Peninsula and that they represent a new, though closely related, species.\nSpecimens from the west coast of British India (Kanara, Malabar) also appeared to be different from N. racemosa, under which name they are mentioned by Beddome, Clarke, Cooke and Gamble.

Description: In 1910 the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden obtained the important egg collection from Surinam, brought together by Messrs.\nF. P. and A. P. Penard. Owing to different circumstances this collection as a whole was not studied again, and, with the exception of some notes in papers by Sch\xc3\xb6nwetter (1932, 1933) nothing has been published upon the material since it came into the Museum. In 1941 and 1942 I had the opportunity to rearrange the o\xc3\xb6logical collections of the Leiden Museum, and during this work the Penard material was incorporated into the general collection. During my study of the material I became convinced that it is worth while to publish more detailed data than those contained in the works of the Penard\'s. This especially holds as the measurements given by the cited authors as a rule are too large.\nIn the collection there are a large number of eggs not collected in Surinam, but in the U. S. A. (e. g., 14/2 and 2/1 of Cathartes aura (L.)), or in Brazil, etc. As a rule these eggs from outside Surinam are not dealt with in the present paper.\nAs far as concerns the nomenclature adopted in the present paper, the first name is that of the Check-List by Peters (1931-1940) or of the Catalogue by Cory and Hellmayr (1918-1938), the latter was used for those families which have not yet appeared in the former work. Next to this name in brackets the name is given as used by the Penard\'s.\nThe material from Surinam is listed under each species as, e.g., 3/3, 7/2, etc., which means that the collection contains 3 sets of 3 eggs and 7 sets of 2.\nAs far as concerns the colour, in some cases I made use of Ridgway\'s

Description: While studying the literature on recent and fossil Hippopotami it became evident to me that a number of authors ascribe a third milk incisor to Hippopotamus amphibius L. Consequently this species, as regards the milk dentition, should be "hexaprotodont" like the Pliocene and Pleistocene species of Hippopotamus from the Siwaliks of India, Burma and Java; and like H. pantanellii Joleaud (1920, p. 18) from Casino near Siena in Italy (vide Pantanelli, 1879, p. 318, pl. IV fig. 5). According to Major (1896, p. 978) young specimens of H. lemerlei Grandidier from Madagascar occasionally are hexaprotodont too.\nWhen dealing with Hippopotamus amphibius L. Blainville (1847, p. 32) made the following remarks: "Dans le tr\xc3\xa8s-jeune \xc3\xa2ge, il est certain qu\'il y a trois paires d\'incisives en haut comme en bas, et que ces incisives sont beaucoup plus sub\xc3\xa9gales, dont une paire excessivement petite n\'est pas remplac\xc3\xa9e, la premiere sup\xc3\xa9rieurement, la troisi\xc3\xa8me inf\xc3\xa9rieurement". But in a note he adds: "Je n\'ai r\xc3\xa9ellement vu que celle d\'en bas, formant une petite calotte convexe en dedans et en dehors de la seconde; mais je suppose, par analogie, que la premi\xc3\xa8re d\'en haut \xc3\xa9tait gingivale et n\'est pas rest\xc3\xa9e dans la pr\xc3\xa9paration." In the explanation of a figure, showing a very young lower jaw he states: "H. amphibius tr\xc3\xa8s-jeune; d\'origine inconnue montrant les trois incisives." (1.c., p. 103). The figure (1.e., Atlas, pl.\nVIII\nlower side at the right) shows the right half of the jaw, in which id1, id2 and cd can be distinctly seen! In the lower jaw with milk dentition, figured by Owen (1840-45, part II, pl. 143 fig. 2) also no third milk incisor is present.\nJoleaud (1921, p. 20) remarks: "Sur les m\xc3\xa2choires d\'un Hippopotame de

Description: Of the family Oenotheraceae the genus Jussieua is the only one occurring in Suriname. The peculiar Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb., which has been recorded from Amazonian Peru, Brazil, British and French Guiana, Cuba and Santo Domingo, has up till now not been collected in the colony, but on account of its presence in the neighbouring countries it is there also to be expected.\nAs for the name of the only Suriname genus, it was spelled by LINNAEUS in Genera Plantarum, ed. I (1737), p. 126, Jussieua but afterwards in his Flora Zeylanica (1747), p. 75, changed in Jussiaea.

Description: Paspalum montanum HENR. nov. spec.\nPerennis, caespitosa, stricte erecta, ad 60 cm alta; culmi glabri, plurinodes, nodis adpresse pubescentibus; vaginae arctae vel parum hiantes, hirsutae vel villoso-pubescentes, ligula scariosa, brunnea; laminae lineares, ad 1 cm latae vel inferiores angustiores, ad 20 cm longae, acuminatae, nervo crasso praeditae; inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, e racemis paucis, in axillis barbatis, 4\xe2\x80\x945 cm longis formata; rhachis partialis subplana, leviter undulata, spiculae binatae, inaequaliter pedicellatae, altera subsessilis, altera longiter pedicellata, pedicelli glabri, subangulati; spiculae leviter sed distincte obovatae, strigosae, 2 mm longae, ad 1.4 mm latae, apice obtusae, vix vel leviter tantum acutatae, nervis haud visibilis, gluma inferior deest, gluma superior et lemma sterilis aequilongae, lemma fertilis 1.7 mm longa, badia vel brunnea, suborbicularis, distincte striato-punctata, haud nitida.

Description: As far as I know, only three papers are dealing with Charophyta of the Netherlands West Indies. In 1858, in \xe2\x80\x9cMonatsbericht der k\xc3\xb6niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin\xe2\x80\x9d, BRAUN records two species from Paramaribo, viz. Nitella microcarpa A. BR. and Chara hydropitys REICHENB. ap. MOESSL. These species are also enumerated in the \xe2\x80\x9cFragmente einer Monographie der Characeen\xe2\x80\x9d (BRAUN & NORDSTEDT, 1882), in which another species is recorded from Cura\xc3\xa7ao, viz. Chara gymnopus A. Br. f. curassavica A. BR., now to be named Chara zeylanica Willd. f. curassavica (A. BR.) H. et J. GROVES. The third paper is that of H. and J. GROVES in URBAN\xe2\x80\x99s Symbolae Antillanae (1911), in which the last-named species is once more recorded.\nIn 1930 Mr P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK made an excursion to Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Aruba and Bonaire with the main object of studying the land and freshwater fauna. In 1936 and 1937 he again visited these islands and, moreover, a.o. the island of Margarita off the Venezuelan coast, the Venezuelan peninsula Paraguan\xc3\xa1 and the Colombian peninsula La Goajira (WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, 1940). In the various inland-waters also Algae and Phanerogams have been collected. The aquatic Phanerogams were described by VAN OOSTSTROOM (1939); the Charophyta will be the subject of the present paper.

Description: In my revision of the Turneraceae for PULLE\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname, I have accepted the genera Piriqueta and Turnera in the delimitation given to them by URBAN. The distinction rests on the presence in Piriqueta of a \xe2\x80\x9ccorona\xe2\x80\x9d at the insertion of the petals. This corona, however, is often so weakly developed as to be almost invisible, and as moreover, the African representatives of Piriqueta appear to be more easily distinguishable from the American ones than the latter from some of the Turneras, the taxonomic importance of this organ appears to be somewhat dubious. A decision of the question, however, would necessitate a more extensive study of the genera than the demands of the present revision would justify; owing to lack of material, moreover, such a study would be impossible at the present time.\nThe only species by which the genus Piriqueta is represented in Suriname was split by Urban in a fairly large number of varieties, of which four have been quoted by him from Suriname, namely: the var. genuina, the var. latifolia, the var. foliosa and the var. bracteolata. The var. foliosa differs from the type mostly in a more luxuriant growth and is very probably nothing but a form growing under somewhat different conditions. The bracteoles of the var. bracteolata are rather variable in size, and even in the specimen quoted by URBAN in the main not different from those found in other plants; it is not impossible that the somewhat larger size of some of them may be due to the presence of parasites. The leaves of the var. latifolia are distinctly wider than those of the type, and it is not improbable that this difference will prove constant. A study in the field, eventually supplemented by culture experiments. however, would be necessary to decide the point. For the present it is perhaps better not to lay too much stress on this rather insignificant difference.

Description: Die Frage nach der Art, wie die nordwesteurop\xc3\xa4ische Calluna-Heide entstanden ist, und wann dies geschah, wurde in den letzten Jahren erneut diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird versucht, auf Grund der Resultate pollenanalytischer Untersuchungen kleiner Moore im Heidegebiet der niederl\xc3\xa4ndischen Provinz Drenthe einen Beitrag zur L\xc3\xb6sung dieses Problems zu geben.\nDer von uns begangene Weg wurde bereits 1931 von OVERBECK (1) *) vorgeschlagen. Dieser Autor brachte damals auch schon ein Beispiel derartiger Untersuchungen in der Bearbeitung kleiner Moore auf der Vegesacker Geest in der N\xc3\xa4he von Bremen: des Moores bei Lilkendey und des Garlstedter Moores. Die Erscheinung, welche hier wichtig ist, ist folgende: In den Diagrammen der Ablagerungen beider Moore zeigen sich starke Anschwellungen der Ericaceenkurve zur Zeit des Buchenanstieges, die sich wohl nicht ausschliesslich oder auch nur zum gr\xc3\xb6sseren Teil auf die Produktion an Ericaceenpollen des Moores zur\xc3\xbcckf\xc3\xbchren lassen. OVERBECK hebt hervor, dass diese Tatsache eine starke Ausbreitung der Heide gegen Ende der Bildungszeit des \xc3\xa4lteren Hochmoortorfs anzeigt, also im Subboreal, das etwa der Bronzezeit entspricht.

Description: Though an excellent, critical monograph of the genus Cassipourea was published some years ago by ALSTON (in Kew Bulletin, 1925, p. 241\xe2\x80\x94276), I should like to make a few remarks on the South-American species of this genus as my revision for PULLE\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname III.2 has brought to light a few new facts. It will also give me an opportunity to refer to a publication of BRIQUET on some American representatives of this genus (in Candollea IV, 1931, p. 342\xe2\x80\x94350), which disagrees with regard to a number of species with ALSTON\xe2\x80\x99s interpretations.\nThe species which covers the largest area is the chiefly West-Indian C. elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Formerly also a number of West- Brazilian and Peruvian specimens were referred to it, but ALSTON pointed out that these plants belonged to another species for which he introduced the name C. peruviana. A new West-Indian species, based on Broadway nr. 3841 and 4631, both from Tobago, was described by BRIQUET under the name C. Broadwayi. This species is, in my opinion, conspecific with C. elliptica. BRIQUET amply discussed the differences with C. latifolia Alston from Trinidad, but does not mention its relationship to C. elliptica. , though, in view of the latter\xe2\x80\x99s area of distribution, this would have been more to the point. That ALSTON had already referred Broadway nr. 3841 to C. elliptica was apparently overlooked by BRIQUET. In opposition to BRIQUET I agree with ALSTON that no value should be set on the varieties of C. elliptica described by GRISEBACH (Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl., I860, p. 274).

Description: On preparing the manuscript of the Verbenaceae for Dr C. A. Backer\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9dFlora van Java\xe2\x80\x9d it appeared to me that \xe2\x80\x94 in comparison with the monographic treatments of this family by Lam (5) and by Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink (6) \xe2\x80\x94 several changes in the nomenclature and in the interpretation or delimitation of certain species are urgent. Although, considered in the light of more recent work on this family as it occurs in adjacent regions (2, 3, 8), a new critical revision of the Malaysian Verbenaceae seems desirable, we have to refrain from such a task, which would require a greater deal of investigation than the present author is able to afford at the time. Hence these notes are merely intended to account for the discrepancies between the treatment of the javanese species as they will appear in the afore-mentioned flora and as they are given in the recent monographs (5, 6). Still, they may prove to be a first contribution towards another revision covering the whole of Malaysia.

Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw\xe2\x80\x99s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique syst\xc3\xa9matique de l\xe2\x80\x99Universit\xc3\xa9 de Gen\xc3\xa8ve. GB. = Botanical Garden, G\xc3\xb6teborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Mus\xc3\xa9um National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phan\xc3\xa9rogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha.\nBesides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.

Description: Die Pflanzendecke unseres Landes hat w\xc3\xa4hrend des Quart\xc3\xa4rs grosse \xc3\x84nderungen erlitten. Dies wird besonders deutlich beim Vergleich der limburgischen fossilen Flora, wie sie in einer vortrefflichen Arbeit des Ehepaares REID (Lit. 1) beschrieben ist, mit der gegenw\xc3\xa4rtig einheimischen Vegetation. Im allgemeinen wird die erw\xc3\xa4hnte Flora f\xc3\xbcr jungterti\xc3\xa4r gehalten, jedoch ist ihre Stelle im Plioz\xc3\xa4n umstritten.\nVon den ungef\xc3\xa4hr 240 Phanerogamen, von welchen sich Reste im Ton von Reuver, Swalmen und Brunssum vorfanden, sind laut der Berechnung von E. M. REID nur 12% heute indigen und 88% exotisch; mehr als die H\xc3\xa4lfte der letzteren sind identisch mit rezenten sino-amerikanischen Arten (Lit. 2).

Description: This paper contains the diagnoses in Latin of a new genus, new sections of some genera, several new species and a number of new varieties which will be dealt with by the author in English in a publication entitled: \xe2\x80\x9cA monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera (Burseraceae)\xe2\x80\x9d, to be published in Rec. Trav. bot. n\xc3\xa9erl. XXXIX, p. 211 (1942) and in Meded. bot. Mus. en Herb. Utrecht 90 (1942).\nProtium BURM.f. sectio Eu-Protium SWART n. sect.

Description: Among the most aberrant types of pollen grains found in plants which have been referred to the family Acanthaceae, are those of the genera Meyenia N. ab E. and Thomandersia Baill. Although the pollen grains were described by LINDAU under different names, those of the first genus as cogwheel-shaped and those of the latter as lenticular, they are really very similar: in both genera they are depressed globose, provided with five or more meridional grooves extending from the equator to about halfway the poles, and without clearly circumscribed germ pores. The difference between the two kinds of grains lies in the presence or absence of ribs: in Meyenia the grooves are borne on the top of ribs separated from each other by shallow depressions, whereas in Thomandersia the whole surface between the grooves is more or less evenly bent.\nMaterial of Meyenia was not yet available to me, but judged from the description the genus differs but slightly from Thunbergia L.f. sensu Lindau. In fact, the two genera have often been united. The pollen grains of Thunbergia sensu Lindau resemble those of Meyenia in the absence of germ pores and in the presence of grooves, but the latter are never meridional: as a rule, they are more or less serpentine (cf. BREMEKAMP in Rec. d. trav. bot. n\xc3\xa9erl. XXXV, 1938, pp. 142\xe2\x80\x94143, fig. 2 A\xe2\x80\x94G and Tab. XIII B\xe2\x80\x94E).

Description: In trying to prepare the account of the Myrtaceae for PULLE\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname I soon found that a revision of the Myrtaceae of whole Guiana, especially of French Guiana, and preferably also of the Amazonian district, is necessary. The account would be of little value as long as our knowledge of the synonymy and the distribution of the species is so incomplete.\nThe Myrtaceae of Guiana have been treated by BERG in Linnaea XXVII (1855\xe2\x80\x9456) p. 1\xe2\x80\x94512, XXIX (1858) p. 207\xe2\x80\x94256 and XXX (1861) p. 647\xe2\x80\x94713. Yet many species previously described from French Guiana, especially by AUBLET and by DE CANDOLLE, were not known to BERG. Moreover, BERG often based species on insufficient material, as has been pointed out by URBAN in his revision of the West Indian Myrtaceae in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XIX (1895) p. 563. In this publication of URBAN the synonymy of several species common to the West Indies and Guiana is cleared up (Trinidad and Tobago are included in the West Indies). Another valuable contribution is SAGOT\xe2\x80\x99s too little noticed account of the Myrtaceae of French Guiana in Annales Sciences Naturelles 6.20 (1885) p. 181\xe2\x80\x94198. But SAGOT apparently did not know BERG\xe2\x80\x99s last publication in Linnaea XXX, in which RICHARD\xe2\x80\x99s collection from French Guiana is treated. Thus SAGOT sometimes cites specimens of RICHARD without knowing that they must be duplicates of the types of one of BERG\xe2\x80\x99s new species and his account remains very incomplete.

Description: My revision of the Burseraceae in Pulle\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname is extended here to a monographic treatment of those Burseraceous genera of which representatives occur in Suriname. Engler\xe2\x80\x99s monograph of this family dates from nearly sixty years ago, and since that time many new species have been published. These additions and the large number of minor and major problems which presented themselves, doubtless justify the publication of this study. I am bound to admit however that not all problems could be solved.\nThe present paper is divided into a General Part and a Taxonomic Part. The critical remarks concerning the whole family and its tribes are dealt with in the General Part, and those referring to the separate genera and species are to be found in the appropriate place in the Taxonomic Part; to the former is added a list of general literature, and to the latter a list of collectors\xe2\x80\x99 numbers and indices of vernacular and scientific names.

Description: Among the Acanthaceae grown in the glasshouses of the University Botanic Garden, Utrecht, a plant labelled Aphelandra velutina drew my attention, first, because it obviously belonged to an entirely different genus, and secondly, because a description under this name could nowhere be found. The coincidence of these two grounds for bewilderment might be explained by assuming that Aphelandra was merely a perversion, probably caused by the inadvertency of a transcriber, of the true generic name. This sounded plausible enough, but the name itself could not be found, for all attempts to refer the plant to one of the existing genera failed. It looked as if the plant might have been described somewhere, but for the time being there was no indication at all as to the whereabouts of this description.\nA clue to the origin of the name was obtained some time afterwards when I found in the Utrecht herbarium a specimen belonging to the same species which was labelled Eranthemum velutinum: the specific epithet, therefore, was the same, but the generic name was different and, as I will show presently, nearer to the mark. The specimen, which dated from 1922, had been collected by the roadside in the Buitenzorg suburb Kotta Paris, and had apparently been named by an official of the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens. It is, however, certainly no native Javanese plant, for the flora of Java, and particularly that of Buitenzorg, is well known, and a rather conspicuous plant like this one could not have escaped the attention: it was obviously a runaway from one of the neighbouring gardens.

Description: In a tube (no 282) containing several specimens of algae collected by Dr R. E. Vaughan, Curepipe, Mauritius, in quiet lagoons at Black River Bay a few specimens of a small delicate Griffithsia occurred as an epiphyte upon Laurencia papillosa (Forssk.) Grev.\nSince this plant has turned out to be a not previously described species it is a great pleasure to me on the occasion of Mme Dr A. Weber\xe2\x80\x94van Bosse\xe2\x80\x99s 90th birthday to name it in honour of her in the hope that Mme Weber will take it not only as a proof of my gratitude for a friendship extending over many years, but also as a token of my admiration for the important contribution made by Mme Weber to our knowledge of the tropical marine algal flora, especially by her great classic work \xe2\x80\x9dListe des Algues du Siboga\xe2\x80\x9c.

Description: In the winter and early spring of 1916 Mrs. Anna Weber-van Bosse at her hospitable residence near Eerbeek initiated me in the study of Freshwater Algae.\nFor several years after that date in numerous trips all over this country I collected and studied some thousands of samples from all kinds of freshwater ponds and lakes, canals and streams. The Desmids soon drew my special attention, when an unexpectedly rich and varied Desmid flora was found in certain fens and ponds in the diluvial and moor districts of our country.

Description: In einem j\xc3\xbcngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): \xe2\x80\x9dPylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman\xe2\x80\x98, dass Linn\xc3\xa9 die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westk\xc3\xbcste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb f\xc3\xbcr P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. F\xc3\xbcr P. litoralis sensu Kylin schl\xc3\xa4gt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.\xe2\x80\x9c Bei meinen Untersuchungen \xc3\xbcber Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. F\xc3\xbcr die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gr\xc3\xbcnden. In der Literatur hatte man n\xc3\xa4mlich die im allgemeinen auf den gr\xc3\xb6beren Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend m\xc3\xb6glich zu ver\xc3\xa4ndern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte \xc3\xbcbertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des n\xc3\xa4heren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.