ALBERT

Beschreibung: The three species Galium silvaticum L., Galium aristatum L. and Galium schultesii Vest show differences in morphology, cytology and geographical distribution. These differences are described and discussed. Crossing experiments between the three species were without results. No hybrid could be obtained. Galium silvaticum, Galium aristatum and Galium schultesii must be considered as separate species.

Beschreibung: Der Zweck dieser Untersuchungen war an erster Stelle die Tatsachen zu vermehren, in denen sich die postglaziale Waldgeschichte in den Niederlanden allmählig widerspiegeln wird. Demnach haben wir unsre Aufmerksamkeit besonders den Baumpollenkörnern gewidmet, ohne jedoch die anderen Fossilien zu vernachlässigen. Allgemeine Schlüsse aus den jetzt vorliegenden Ergebnissen zu ziehen, wäre prämatur. Vergrösserung des Tatsachenmaterials ist vor allem notwendig. Wir hoffen auch weiter daran mitarbeiten zu können.

Beschreibung: Recently I got the opportunity of examining a specimen from the “Rijksherbarium”, Leiden, which was provided with a label on which ROTH had written in the middle the name of the plant, viz. “ Micranthus serpyllifol-Roth ” and in the lower right corner the name of the collector, viz. “Heyne”; in the lower left comer another hand had added “Ind. or. Hb. Roth”. As the specimen proved to answer the description of Micranthus serpyllifolius given on p. 282 of ROTH’s “Novae Plantarum Species, Halberstadt 1821,” there can be little doubt that it is either the type of this species or else a duplicate of the latter. This is the more important as none of the authors who in the past ventured an opinion with regard to the taxonomic position of ROTH’s species, apparently had seen the type. ROTH’s specimen was inserted in the Leiden Herbarium under the name Andrographis serpyllifolia R.W. (Acanthaceae), but this is obviously a misidentification. for Andrographis serpyllifolia does not fit ROTH’s description. The plant described by the latter has smaller and less numerous leaves and its flowers are arranged in terminal spikes instead of solitary or a few together in the axils of ordinary leaves.

Beschreibung: Wenn man bei dem Studium von Monographien und sonstigen systematischen Arbeiten darauf achtet, in welcher Weise die verschiedenen Autoren den Begriff „Varietät” benutzen, bemerkt man sofort, wie in dieser Hinsicht grosze Willkür herrscht. Nicht nur ist die Begrenzung des Begriffes sehr variabel (cf. Danser, Du Rietz) sondern auch der Wert, welchen man ihm beimisst, und zwar besonders in Hinsicht auf die Frage, ob in bestimmten Fällen wohl ein genetischer Zusammenhang zwischen Art und Varietät besteht oder nicht. Dazu kommt speziell in der letzten Zeit noch ein dritter Faktor hinzu, der Verwirrung hervorruft. Diesen findet man in der experimentellen Methode, welche die Arteinheiten kennen zu lernen ermöglicht (cf. Turesson, Du Rietz). Diese Methode gebraucht nämlich zum Teil die gleichen Begriffe, wie die beschreibende Systematik. Meiner Ansicht nach dürfen wir nun nicht mehr in dieser Weise fortfahren; wir müssen vielmehr zur Übereinstimmung kommen in Bezug auf die Trennung der Methoden der experimentellen und der beschreibenden Systematik. Es ist die Aufgabe des nächsten botanischen Kongress, hier eine entscheidende Regelung zu treffen, damit wir nicht in einigen Jahren vor unentwirrbaren Schwierigkeiten stehen. Darum will ich meinen Standpunkt in dieser Hinsicht hier auseinandersetzen. Die unmittelbare Veranlassung zu der vorliegenden Arbeit ist in mündlichen und schriftlichen Angriffen verschiedener Systematiker auf meinen Standpunkt, den ich in meiner Doktorarbeit (Lanjouw 1931) hinsichtlich des Gebrauches der Varietät genuina eingenommen habe, gelegen. Dort habe ich auf S. 4 behauptet, dass es unlogisch ist, innerhalb einer Art eine Var. genuina usw. zu unterscheiden. Ich habe diese Meinung auch noch festgelegt in der ersten These, von der hier die Uebersetzung folgt: „Es ist verwirrend und unrichtig, eine Art ganz in Varietäten zu zerlegen. Eine Varietät darf man nur annehmen, wenn sie sich von einer wirklich bestehenden Art unterscheidet, und diese letzte darf man nicht Var. genuina usw. nennen”. Wie schon gesagt, ist diese Meinung späterhin bestritten worden, und weil diese Frage von allgemeinem Belang ist für den Begriff „Varietät”, komme ich hier darauf zurück.

Beschreibung: As has been stated in the introduction of the second part, this third part will include the remainder of the American part of the tribe Eupodostemeae of the subfamily Eupodostemoideae which was not treated in part I, viz. the genera Oserya, Devillea, Ceratolacis, Mniopsis, Podostemum and Castelnavia. Included are the dubious genera, and it also contains additions and corrections to part I, latin descriptions of new taxa, a list of collectors’ numbers in this part, new references to the literature, and a general index to the third part. The attention of the reader is drawn to a publication of SZAFER (1952) in which a fossil Podostemacea from Europe has been described. As I have not seen the material it is at present impossible to judge the value of the discovery though it seems highly improbable that Podostemaceae ever lived in Europe.

Beschreibung: De ontwikkeling van het vegetatiekundig onderzoek heeft in de laatste 10 jaar althans in ons land geen gelijke tred gehouden met de daarvoor in sommige gevallen noodzakelijke uitbouw van het terminologisch apparaat. Het mag sommige buitenstaanders misschien voorkomen, dat de terminologie van de vegetatiekunde reeds rijkelijk ingewikkeld is. Dit is echter slechts schijn. Weliswaar bestaat er een indrukwekkende reeks van termen, doch de meeste hiervan spelen in de practijk van het onderzoek geen enkele rol, en zijn slechts bedacht om er zich van te kunnen bedienen in extreme en vaak gezochte probleemstellingen. In de practijk van het onderzoek heeft men behoefte aan behoorlijk omschreven termen voor alle verschillende gevallen die zich kunnen voordoen bij het onderscheiden van vegetatie-eenheden. Daarbij moet bovenal zo nodig een scherp onderscheid gemaakt kunnen worden tussen concrete vegetaties, – die in het Duits “Bestand” genoemd worden, maar waarvoor geen Nederlands woord bestaat, – en abstracte eenheden. Wij hebben reeds herhaaldelijk betoogd, dat het veelal ontbreken van het besef van de noodzaak van dit onderscheid niet bevorderlijk is geweest voor de methodische ontwikkeling van de vegetatiekunde (zie bijv. Westhoff, 19501). Mat name bij de Zweedse, Engelse en Noordamerikaanse onderzoekers heeft dit besef veelal ontbroken. De zgn. Frans-Zwitserse school baseert haar methodiek wel op dit onderscheid, maar het wordt toch niet altijd scherp in het oog gehouden. Opvallend is bijv., dat in het laatst verschenen nummer (1957) van de “Mitteilungen der floristisch- soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft” door prof. Tüxen een poging werd gedaan om het begrip plantengezelschap opnieuw te definiëren, en dat hij deze definitie, die overigens niet onverdienstelijk is, het concrete en het abstracte weer niet uit elkaar gehouden worden. Aan de andere kant is het juist een bezwaar van de Frans-Zwitserse school, dat men zich hier te veel heeft vastgelegd op de associatie als zgn. fundamentele eenheid, zonder er zich altijd voldoende rekenschap van te geven, dat het niet mogelijk is en ook niet de bedoeling van het Frans-Zwitserse systeem is om het gehele vegetatiedek in associaties op te delen. Wanneer men dus de associaties van een bepaald gebied heeft onderzocht en beschreven, blijven er een aantal vegetaties over, die niet of nauwelijks of slechts met gewrongen kunstgrepen tot deze associaties gebracht kunnen worden. Werden deze gevallen door vroegere onderzoekers min of meer gebagatelliseerd of eventueel genegeerd, dit is bij gedetailleerder en nauwkeuriger onderzoek niet aanvaardbaar en met name niet bij vegetatiekartering, waarbij men zich van elk stuk vegetatie methodisch rekenschap moet geven. Een derde moeilijkheid is hierin gelegen, dat vegetatie niet eendimensionaal, doch meerdimensionaal variëert, of om het wat beperkter en daardoor aanschouwelijker uit te drukken, dat een associatie niet alleen door de werking van locale edafische en biotische factoren variëert en dus in verschillende sub-associaties, varianten enz. verdeeld kan worden, doch ook over een grotere ruimte bezien een geografische differentiatie vertoont, zonder dat het nochtans altijd mogelijk is deze beide vormen van varianten scherp te scheiden. Dit probleem heeft in de laatste 20 jaar zeer zeker in de volle aandacht van de onderzoekers gestaan en het gevolg daarvan is eerder een verwarrend teveel dan een tekort aan terminologie geweest.

Beschreibung: Aan hen die nog ingevulde hoklijsten onder hun berusting hebben, wordt verzocht deze op te sturen aan het Rijksherharium, afd. Nederland. Er wordt op het ogenblik hard gewerkt aan het inboeken van alle gegevens in de albums.

Beschreibung: Door F. Drouet (Nat. Hist. Mus., Chicago) en mij werd thans een door J. Poolman op 27 aug. 1944 te Noorbeek (Zuid-Limburg) gevonden groenwier herkend als Chlorotylium cataractarum Kütz. Volgens W. Heering (in Pascher, Süsswasserfl. H.6, 1914), H. Printz (in Engl. -Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. ed.2, Bd-3, 1927) en G.M. Smith (Freshw. Alg. U.S., Behoort deze soort tot de Chaetophoraceae, volgens F.E. Fritsch (Struct. and Reprod. I, 1935) tot de Trentepohliaceae. Zij groeit op hout en stenen in snel stromend water, zodat de soortnaam goed gekozen is. Uit Nederland was deze soort nog niet eerder Bekend, In Noorbeek groeide het wier in een drinkbak voor dieren, waar het water in stroomde uit een beek.

Beschreibung: Tragopogon dubius Scop. Het duinterrein te Nieuwe Sluis in de gemeente Groede, waar verleden jaar de planten van Tragopogon dubius Scop. groeiden, is de afgelopen winter in verband met herstellingen aan de zeewering met behulp van draglines en bulldozers geëgaliseerd, waardoor de Tragopogon naar ik dacht volkomen uitgeroeid zou zijn. Ik bemerkte dit pas dit voorjaar en kon dus geen maatregelen nemen om een gedeelte van het terrein te sparen. Bovendien vrees ik, dat men aan mijn verzoek toch geen gevolg had kunnen geven. Enkele weken geleden bezocht ik het terrein weer en tot mijn vreugde vond ik toch nog twee planten, die het overleefd hadden. Mij bleek echter, dat kneuen bijzonder verzot zijn op de onrijpe zaden van deze soort. Zij pikken de omwindsels stuk en halen zo de onrijpe zaden er uit, zodat het de vraag zal zijn of er nog iets voor het volgend jaar zal overblijven. Ook verleden jaar was mij dat opgevallen, doch bij de vele planten, die er toen groeiden, was dat niet zo’n bezwaar. Eigenaardig is, dat ik aan planten van Tragopogon pratensis iets dergelijks nimmer heb waargenomen. Hebben anderen dat wellicht wel gedaan?

Beschreibung: In 1957 waren wij weer herhaaldelijk in de gelegenheid het adventiefterrein “de Dwinger” aan de Langesloot tussen Wartena en Eernewoude te het laatst op 1 november, samen met M.T. Jansen. Hier volgt een opgave van de nieuw waargenomen planten (zie Corr.bl. no. 1 en 4). Buiten adventieven was het aantal verwilderde kultuurplanten vrij groot. De heren dr. S.J. van Ooststroom en Th.J. Reichgelt waren weer bereid het materiaal te controleren, terwijl de heer G. Bakker, direkteur der Gemeentereiniging Leeuwarden, opnieuw toestemming verleende het terrein te betreden.

Beschreibung: During 1954 the Gray Herbarium, the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, the paleobotanical collections of the Botanical Museum and a portion of the herbarium collections and the library of the Arnold Arboretum were moved into a new building in Cambridge, Massachusetts. This move was the culmination of a long period of planning to determine how the best interests of each institution as well as the field of systematic botany could be served best in this period of rapidly developing interrelationship of diverse scientific fields of knowledge. Additional considerations prior to the move were the isolation of the various taxonomic units at Harvard, the duplication of resources, efforts and goals, as well as the more mundane problems of increasing costs of labor, material and demands for additional storage facilities. In 1946 the President and Fellows of Harvard College appropriated from its unrestricted funds the sum of one million dollars to construct and equip a new and modern building to house the systematic work and collections of these institutions in Cambridge, to be in close proximity to the resources of the Department of Biology, the Museum of Comparative Zoology and the Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany. The building, designed around the requirements established by the taxonomists of these institutions, was under construction during 1953 and was finished in the early months of 1954.

Beschreibung: Uit afschriften van door de heer W.W. Schipper te Winschoten in de jaren omstreeks 1904 ingevulde kwartierhokstaten blijkt, dat voor H8-61-42 (Bovenhuren bij Winschoten), H8-62-34 (bij Winschoten Oostereind) en H8-63-32 (bij Klein Ulsda) Agrimonia eupatoria L. opgegeven werd, doch nergens Agrimonia odorata (Gouan) Mill. Uit kwartierhok H8-61-41, eveneens Bovenburen, Winschoten, nl. langs de Kloosterweg, is mij Agrimonia odorata (Gouan) Mill. van 1917 tot ca. 1942 bekend geweest. De standplaats langs een meestal droge sloot op hoge fluvioglaciale zandgrond is ca. 1935 verwoest door verbetering van de weg en aanleg van lintbebouwing. Gelukkig bleek de plant toen een honderd meter verder aan de overkant van de weg een nieuwe groeiplaats te hebben verworven, die thans helaas niet meer bestaat. Ik heb er toen wat vruchten van verzameld, die zeven forse planten hebben opgeleverd, maar in de oorlogsjaren verloren zijn gegaan. Van de vruchten van deze exemplaren heb ik twee planten kunnen opkweken aan een veendijkje te Oude Pekela, doch ook die planten zijn vernietigd, toen in 1957 dat dijkje wegens een nieuwe waterschapsindeling werd afgegraven. Haar mijn weten komt Agrimonia odorata thans niet meer in Oostelijk Groningen voor. Ik vermoed evenwel, dat de bovenvermelde planten van A. eupatoria ook A. odorata geweest zullen zijn en dat het areaal in de Noordduitse laagvlakte zich over Groningen tot in Friesland uitstrekte.

Beschreibung: Besides the importance of correct identification the revision of a large genus should add considerably to knowledge of phytogeography and of infrageneric diversification. In all respects Ficus has much to contribute. It is a genus which the collector meets in abundance in all parts of tropical Asia and Australasia, whether in primary or secondary environments, and which he soon learns to recognise. It can be exploited, therefore, provided the species can be identified. The purpose of this note is to request intensified collection, because I believe it is possible to name satisfactorily sterile material. Only too often, valuable sterile material is left uncollected, as I know from my own experience, for sooner or later it can be recognised as a positive record from some locality. Some figs, too, fruit rarely and are in consequence ill-represented, though really frequent.

Beschreibung: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert of Herbarium Bogoriense was transferred to the new Garden Setia Mulya near Padang, Sumatra’s Westcoast, as leader of the staff, Dec. 1954. Cf. also chapter 6. Dr A.H.G. Alston was in Malaysia. Cf. chapter 5.

Beschreibung: Owing to shortage of time, this most precious element in the life of a taxonomist, nearly two years have elapsed since the last number (10) appeared (Febr. 1953). It should not be understood that our interest in editing this Bulletin has waned; we still regard it as a useful bond between Flora Malesiana Foundation, its collaborators, and its sympathizers. It also aims to chronicle some selected miscellaneous news to many people in Malaysia who are far from libraries or have only limited facilities to keep informed about progress. It tries to assemble data on activities of botanical work in the wide sense performed in the Malaysian area. Much work that is done in the field or is going on in establishments of forestry and botany in the Malaysian tropics is often locally known or published in technical reports which hardly reach the scientific botanic world. There is, hence, a field of mutual interest which this Bulletin tries to cover.

Beschreibung: Dioecious or monoecious small shrubs with thick woody roots. Leaves simple, opposite, sessile, fleshy, with a distinctly saccate, colourless base. Stipules minute. Flowers unisexual, either solitary and terminal or axillary, or in small axillary spikes. ♂ Flowers subtended by bracts, enclosed in a membranous spathella which opens with one or two transverse or radial slits giving rise to 2-4 lobes. Tepals 4, valvate. Stamens 4, alternitepalous; anthers dorsifixed, introrse, dehiscing lengthwise with 2 slits. Sometimes an abortive gynaecium present. ♀ Flowers merely consisting of a naked ovary, in the axil of leaves when solitary, in the axil of cordate bracts when growing in spikes, 2-carpellate, 4-celled by one true and one false septum; ovules 1 in each cell, basal, anatropous, with a long funicle. Stigmas 2, sessile, distinctly papillate. Fruit a septicidal berry dehiscing with 2 valves, either solitary or many united together with the bracts into a connate, spikelike whole. Seeds with a large, straight embryo, exalbuminous. Distr. The Batidaceae, consisting of one genus with two species, show a remarkably discontinuous area, viz B. maritima L. growing along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America, the Hawaiian and Galapagos Islands, while B. argillicola has hitherto only been found in South New Guinea. As the distribution of the species is still rather insufficiently known and they are confined to littoral districts it has been found advisable to include both of them in the key given below.

Beschreibung: Adelbert, A.G.L.: Labiatae (in Backer, Beknopte Flora van Java (emergency edition) part 14, March 1954, 1-59, mimeograph). Full descr. and keys to genera and species; in Dutch.

Beschreibung: Annual or perennial aquatics and marsh plants, sometimes laticiferous. Leaves basal and erect, sometimes floating, rarely all submerged, sometimes some reduced to phyllodes, lanceolate to sagittate, rarely broad-elliptic to ovate, entire, with a hydathode on the apex, curvinerved, nerves more or less parallel and gradually joining the marginal nerve, connected by ascending cross-veins; petiole sheathing, mostly with air-channels, often septated. Inflorescences mostly erect, racemose or paniculate; peduncle sometimes hollow, mostly with air-channels. Bracts 3(-2) per whorl of flowers or branches. Flowers actinomorphous, bisexual or unisexual (and then rarely with rudiments of the other sex). Sepals 3, imbricate, green, parallel-nerved, convex, persistent. Petals 3, imbricate, white or faintly coloured, marcescent. Stamens 3-~, free, in a whorl; filaments filiform or dilated; anthers 2-celled, basifix, sometimes versatile, latrorsely lengthwise dehiscent. Carpels 2-~, free, in the Mal. spp. spirally arranged on the receptacle (in extra-Mal. Alisma in a whorl); style 1, ventrally or terminally inserted on each carpel, persistent. Ovule 1 (in extra-Mal. Damasonium 2 or more), basal, campylotropous, rarely anatropous (Damasonium), micropyle extrorse, rarely introrse ( Luronium). Achenes in a head (or whorl in Alisma), free, rarely connate at the base. Seeds oblong or horseshoeshaped; testa membranous; embryo horseshoe-shaped; albumen 0; radicula extrorse, rarely introrse (Luronium). Distribution. About 10 genera with c. 70 spp., all over the temperate and tropical zones except in the Pacific area (Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia). The largest genera are Sagittaria and Echinodorus both centering in the New World.

Beschreibung: Annual or perennial, laticiferous herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves (in Mal. spp.) spirally arranged, often incised. Stipules 0. Flowers mostly solitary, large, actinomorphic, ♀♂, 2—3-merous. Sepals caducous or calyptrate, free or united. Petals free, 4-6, rarely more or absent, biseriate, imbricate, often crumpled in bud; nectaries absent. Stamens ~, free; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 2 or more parietal placentas (sometimes with protruding placentas or a spurious wall). Stigmas opposite or alternate with the placentas. Ovules 1 to numerous. Capsule opening by valves (or pores). Seeds small, with a crested or smooth raphe, or arillate; embryo minute; endosperm copious, fleshy or oily. Distr. About 23 genera, of which the bulk on the N. hemisphere, few in Central & S. America, almost absent from Africa and Australia, in Malaysia none native.

Beschreibung: Families and higher taxa have been entered under their name. Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (tribes, e.g.).

Beschreibung: Monoecious, mostly deciduous shrubs or trees with perular buds. Pith triangular in section. Innovations often resiniferous. Leaves simple, (in Mal. spp.) spiral, penninerved, crenate or dentate, rarely entire, mostly with domatia in the nerveaxils beneath, in bud mostly folded along the midrib and plicate, often glandularlepidote beneath. Stipules caducous. Catkins unisexual, at least the pendent ♂ ones in terminal panicles above the ♀ ones, the latter mostly in stiff, axillary, poor racemes or terminal on short-shoots.—♂ Flowers in triads, each sustained by a bract. Perianth segments 4 (or less by abortion), mostly connate at the base. Stamens 4, epitepalous; filaments short; anthers glabrous, 2-celled; cells parallel, dehiscing lengthwise. No rudiment of ♀.—♀ Flowers in diads sustained by a bract concrescent with 4 bracteoles, accrescent and woody in fruit, densely packed and imbricate. Perianth 0. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with one anatropous, pendent ovule attached near the apex of the cell; styles 2, free, short, cylindric. Fruiting catkins cone-like. Nut small, compressed, 1-seeded, mostly winged and crowned by the styles. Seed without endosperm; embryo straight; cotyledons flat; testa membranous; embryo straight; endosperm 0; cotyledons flat. Distr. About 20 spp. mainly on the N. hemisphere except in the New World, mostly extra-tropical, in SE. Asia southward to Bengal, N. Assam, Tonkin, and Formosa, in Malaysia only cultivated.

Beschreibung: Trees or shrubs. Leaves spirally arranged or often distichous, sometimes crowded towards the top of the branchlets, simple, entire or crenate or serrate, crenations mostly glandular; petioles often thickened at the base and (or) the apex. Stipules small, rarely large and foliaceous, often early caducous, or wanting. Inflorescences subterminal or mostly axillary, sometimes on the old wood, in often spike-like racemes or in panicles or in short cymes, but sometimes condensed to glomerules or reduced to few-flowered fascicles or even to a solitary flower, apparently essentially cymose. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, in the latter case mostly dioecious, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic, 3- to polymerous, cyclic (with sepals and petals) or rarely spiral (with perianth segments, in trib. Oncobeae). Pedicels often articulated near the base. Sepals 3-6, rarely more, mostly persistent, sometimes accrescent, imbricate or valvate, free or connate at the base into a calyx-tube, or calyx closed in bud and disrupting in different ways. Petals 3-8, rarely more, free, imbricate or valvate, mostly alternating with the sepals and caducous, sometimes persistent and accrescent, often inserted on the margin of a hypogynous or nearly perigynous disk, or absent. Receptacle often deepened in the centre, mostly with appendages such as an extrastaminal disk or disk-lobes, free glands between the stamens, or a corona of 5 phalanges, each of which is consisting of fine barbate threads, or staminode-like scales inserted on the inner side of the base of the petals, or with true, mostly barbate, staminodes. Stamens 5 to ~, hypogynous, mostly free, rarely the filaments connate into a column; anthers with 2, longitudinally dehiscent cells; connective sometimes with a short appendage. Ovary mostly free, rarely semi-inferior, unilocular with (2-)3-5(-8) parietal placentas, sometimes incompletely 2—8-celled by the deeply protruding placentas; ovules 2 to numerous, anatropous. Styles 1-10, free or connate; stigma sessile. Fruit a fleshy or dry berry or a capsule, rarely a drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds sometimes arillate, with abundant endosperm; embryo straight; cotyledons mostly broad, foliaceous. Distr. About 84 genera with c. 1300 spp., nearly all woody, predominantly in the tropics, rapidly decreasing in number towards the subtropics, 2 genera with a total of 9 (mostly Chilean) spp. in the temperate zones of S. America.

Beschreibung: In the absence of a complete bibliography of the botanical literature of Malaysia, comparable to those on Eastern Asia and the Pacific by MERRILL & WALKER, and as the ‘Flora Malesiana’ will not to be completed within the near future, the need was felt to have at hand a concise, selected bibliography of existing revisions and other phytographical publications temporarily providing taxonomists with a reference to what is roughly available for the identification of Malaysian collections. When the ‘Flora Malesiana’ is completed, after some decades, this bibliography should no longer be required, as the references contained in it will all have been accounted for in the Flora itself in one way or another. In the meantime, however, a list arranged by families seems to serve a very practical purpose, as it gives access to the main body of accumulated knowledge precursory to the final revisions in the Flora.

Beschreibung: The part certain lime-secreting marine algae play in the building of coral reefs and in the formation of banks was discussed chiefly at the end of the last and in the beginnig of this century. At that time it was already known that extensive parts of the sublittoral zone of the Arctic sea were covered by a luxuriant growth of Lithothamnion species. Kjellman states in 1883 (p. 96) that along the northern coast of Norway Lithothamnion soriferum “covers large spaces of the bottom in great masses”, and that off the shores of Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla in 10 to 20 fathoms of water Lithothamnion glaciale “covers the bottom in deep layers for several miles, and altogether determines the general aspect of the vegetation wherever it occurs”, whereas Lithothamnion norvegicum is said to form banks on the coasts of Iceland and of Greenland. Rosenvinge (1893, p. 772) reports that Lithothamnion ungeri forms banks on the coast of Iceland and of Greenland.

Beschreibung: There is much confusion about, the identity of the above mentioned aroid genera, the typification of which is still unsatisfactory.

Beschreibung: var. bullatus, nov. var. — Ramuli novelli ferrugineo-velutini. Folia 1—3-juga; foliola bullata. Folliculi inconspicue rostrati. Typus: Kostermans 4928 (fl., fr.), E. Borneo, Sangkulirang island, alt. 20 m (Holotype in L; Isotypes in BO, K).

Beschreibung: My colleague Lam, in whose honour this volume is composed, has made it very easy for contributors to find a subject in a field in which he has worked himself. His versatile interest nearly covered the whole of the taxonomy and phylogeny of vascular plants, subjects in theoretical biology, plant morphology, plant geography, and plant ecology. In the latter section his “Fragmenta papuana” contains an inspiring picture of tropical vegetation in correlation with environment. I have pleasure on this occasion in offering some considerations in the field of plant ecology. The subject which I have chosen deals with the way of reasoning when interpreting a correlation found to exist between vegetation and environment. I have not infrequently traced a deficiency in such interpretation and I feel a need of discussing this point which is, in my opinion, a matter of vital importance.

Beschreibung: Although Clarke saw the type of Scirpus erectus Poir. in the Paris Herbarium he misapplied the name to a quite different species occurring in Madagascar, S. and E. Asia, and tropical Australia. Herein he was followed by Ridley, Merrill, Backer, and others. It has now generally been accepted that the correct name of this species is Scirpus juncoides Roxb. and that the name Scirpus erectus Poir. does not belong to its synonymy. After having examined the type of S. erectus I am convinced that the question was admirably cleared up by Chermezon (see Arch. Bot. 4, 1931, 26, and also in Humbert, Fl. Madag., fam. 29, 1937, 149). Scirpus erectus is much nearer to the European S. supinus L. than to S. juncoides Roxb. It differs from S. supinus by the larger spikelets, the larger, more distinctly mucronate glumes, the bristly appendage of the connective, the bifid style, and the larger, biconvex, only faintly wavyridged, elliptic or suborbicular nuts. It is an African species extending from the Mediterranean region through tropical Africa to Madagascar and Mauritius. There can be no doubt that Isolepis uninodis Delile is conspecific with Scirpus erectus Poir. Delile’s description is very accurate: “épis cylindriques, ovoïdes-lanceolés ... écailles ovales, aiguës ... deux stigmates ... graine lenticulaire, transversalement rugueux vers les bords.” The differences with Scirpus supinus are clearly indicated: “ses graines [du S. supinus] sont ovoïdes-cunéiformes, trigones, ridées transversalement sur toute leur surface; ses styles sont trifides.” Moreover, Delile’s excellent figure leaves no doubt whatever on the identity of his species.

Beschreibung: In the development of the various scientific disciplines certain contacts have been established between neighbouring sciences, while other endeavour still proceeds almost on its own. The study of the influence of the environment on chemical reactions has given us a large part of physical chemistry, while the inverse, the study of the influence of chemical reactions on the (natural) environment has been, in the last decades, developed as geochemistry. Much of our physiology and ecology deals with the influence of the environment upon the organism, while the inverse, the influence of the organism upon the natural environment (geobiology) has hardly been studied systematically. This influence is great, as already realized by Pasteur a century ago. Moreover, this study completes the picture of the relations of “give and take” between the organism and its milieu and the author believes that a true ecology should concern itself with the mutual relations between organism and environment rather than view the landscape (or seascape) entirely from the biological point of view. Blumea twice before has been so kind as to accept ecological notes from the author of this paper. Because of the interest Professor Lam has always taken in this ecological approach, the author hopes that this short note will not be a complete dissonant in the, chiefly taxonomic, matter contained in this volume. By a study of the influence of various groups of organisms on the estuarine environment Baas Becking and Wood (1) arrived at the conclusion that, primarily, the following groups are of geochemical importance; sulphate-reducing bacteria, thiobacteria, purple bacteria, iron bacteria and algae. The limits of the potential algal environment surpass the regions of most other groups, the thiobacteria excepted. The range of conditions in which algae may occur, be it temperature, salinity, pH or electrode potential is very wide indeed. Algae occur in all aqueous environments; evaporate, geothermal, soft and hard freshwater, estuarine and marine water and also in buffered and non-buffered products of pyrite oxidation (Baas Becking, Wood and Kaplan, 4). The author recently isolated, from mirabilite at Mawson Base, Antarctica, a green polyblepharid while Kaplan (12) describes the occurrence of bluegreens at 86°C in the hotsprings of the Rotarua district, N—Z. From this same region Kaplan described a Navicula at pH 1.2, while several algae occur in a solution of trona (sodium carbonate-bicarbonate) at pH 10.55. The above anecdotical remarks only serve to illustrate the extent of the algal potential milieu.

Beschreibung: Merrill (Philip. J. Sc. 2, 1907, Bot. 284) based Mearnsia on specimens collected from Mount Halcon in the Phillipines and dedicated the genus to Major Mearns who accompanied him on the expedition. Merrill described the flowers of the sole species (M. halconensis) as 4-merous with 8 stamens and 2 carpels and the capsule as dehiscing by ‘a single slit at the apex only and inside the persistent calyx tube’.

Beschreibung: After the completion of my revision of Lepisanthes (Blumea 17, 1969, p. 33—91) I paid a visit to the herbaria at London (BM) and Kew (K). This led to a few alterations and additions, the main of which are the following.

Beschreibung: As explained in Takhtajan’s preface this book is not a mere translation of his ‘The origin of Angiospermous plants’ (1961, in Russian), but an entirely new book. I find this true and not true. Comparing it with the Origin (1958 translation of the 1954 Russian version) the essence of the new book was there given in a nutshell. In size, chapter subjects, argumentation, and bibliographic documentation, the work is very much extended and it makes very interesting reading indeed. The sequence of the chapters is logical, almost always leading to distinct synthesis. Properly it is a critical commented survey of many opinions — Takhtajan being clearly in complete command of the huge literature on the subject — but from which the author follows his own line of choice and judgement, accepting or rejecting with brief but clear comments. The whole argumentation is admirably concise and rouses admiration for covering this vast subject, comprising taxonomy, plant distribution, morphology, palynology, genetics, population dynamics, flower biology, anatomy, paleozoology, etc. Major questions are embodied in subsequent paragraphs: polyphyletism is rejected; ancestors must be sought among heterosporous ferns or fern-like plants followed by pteridosperms and certain gymnosperms, although direct ancestors cannot be indicated; the basal flower type of angiosperms was bisexual. Takhtajan attaches great importance to occurrence of plants in small populations, especially in mountain plants, facilitating chance variations and genetic drift, rapid spread of mutant genes, which is important for evolution. This entails that missing links are almost never fossilized. Micro-evolution is equalized with macro-evolution. Neoteny (on which Takhtajan devoted a former work) can lead to despecialisation through which phenotypic simplification the complexity of the genome remains intact; it may provide for a maximum phenotypic effect by a minimal genotypic change. Primitive wood structure of early Winteraceous angiosperms is understandable by neotenic origin. Evolution of angiosperms was not only rapid, but also discontinuous as a result of neoteny. Developing in the mountains ‘in many ..... small ..... populations ..... the earliest angiosperms found themselves under conditions most favourable to evolutionary radiation. And if we bear in mind that their evolution was closely tied to the evolution of insects and was based on the complex and peculiar mechanism of mutual selection, then the extraordinary speed of their initial differentiation becomes even more readily understandable.’ Protection of the ovules arose as a selection against damage by ‘early pollinating insects’; this made simplification of their structure possible which led to smaller ovules (loss of thickened integuments, sclerotesta, etc.) and enabled the angiosperms to observe the greatest economy of material in construction of the ovules and ♀ gametophyte, and it also made possible the perfection of the process of pollination. ‘The acquisition of the stigma was undoubtedly a very great event in the evolutionary history of seedplants.’ ‘The primitive insects searched for pollen (beetles), nectar searching ones were a further perfection; this again led to a very great advance in cross-pollination; and as a corollary to a greatly increased rate of evolution, which still continues.’ ‘Isolation of a population is well known to be a prelude to the formation of a new species.’ The question of the hypothetical reconstruction of the first flowering plants is approached by the ‘hypothetico-deductive method’. Knowing the basic evolutionary pathways of angiosperms and the main lines of specialisation of their organs and tissues, we may by extrapolation extend these lines mentally into the past to the lowest possible level of specialisation’, but somewhat further on he writes ‘This reconstruction of the ancestors of the living angiosperms depends on the truth of the assumption that they combined in one plant all the most archaic characters that are now found distributed among the living fossils.’ I have italicized in the citations two words that are in contradiction; furthermore I would like to point out that whereas each plant we know possesses both primitive and derived characters, we cannot make an exception for an ancestral plant; one which would contain all the archaic characters must logically be an idealized fiction.

Beschreibung: Rumphius (Herb. Amboin. 3, 1743, 19, t. 7) was the first to use the name Metrosideros, but of the 6 species he listed only the first, M. vera, belongs to the Myrtaceae. The same species is assumed to be the basis of Nani Adanson (Adanson, Families des Plantes 2, 1763, 88). Adanson did not list any species, but the assumption is based on the description and the fact that Rumphius had given the vernacular name of his Metrosideros vera as ‘Nani tree’.

Beschreibung: The pollen morphology of 18 out of 22 species of the genus Lepisanthes, as recently revised, was studied. General pollen morphology is rather uniform, but taxonomically significant differences exist in shape, relative length of ektoapertures, endoaperture development, and in the sculpture of the tectum. Detailed descriptions are presented and special attention is given to intraspecific variability. 10 Pollen types are recognized, most of which are linked by transitions. Morphological trends are established and the extent to which they indicate natural relationships is evaluated. In subgenera Lepisanthes and Erioglossum a less evolved but more variable pollen morphology is present, while in subgenera Otophora and Aphania derived pollen types occur, which agrees well with macromorphological evidence. Subgenus Erioglossum appears pollenmorphologically closely related to subgenus Lepisanthes. Subgenus Aphania can, both macro- and pollenmorphologically, be derived from subgenus Otophora. Within Lepisanthes tetraphylla close parallels exist between macromorphological and palynological interpretations of natural affinities between the numerous races. Lepisanthes fruticosa, in contrast, shows on both counts rather wide and continuous intraspecific variability. Also in Lepisanthes senegalensis continuous pollenmorphological variability is present, but here a clinal pattern can be detected. In general, geographically isolated or endemic forms in Lepisanthes show a tendency to develop deviating pollen types.

Beschreibung: Only two species of Gastonia occur in Malesia, but each has a complex taxonomie history. The species which became known first, G. papuana Miq., is evidently an uncommon plant of coastal and lowland forest, but with a very wide range. It has been collected only once, or at most a few times, from each of many islands of the Malayan Archipelago and once from the mainland of the Peninsula. Most of these collections were made in the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. Only in western New Guinea has this species been collected in more recent times within our area. The distribution of this species shows several disjunctions, the most striking being that between West Irian and its only known locality in the extreme east of the Solomon Islands. It is interesting that this gap corresponds with the distributional range of the second species, G. spectabilis (Harms) Philipson, which overlaps that of G. papuana only in the west of New Guinea (fig. 1). The widely dispersed range of G. papuana has resulted in its being described as several distinct species from different parts of its range. It was first named in 1863, when three names appeared in two genera. Miquel (1863) applied the names Tetraplasandra paucidens and Gastonia papuana to this species, and Teysmann and Binnendijk (1863) described it as Tetraplasandra eupteronoides. I am grateful to Professor van Steenis for information on the sequence of publication of these names. Miquel’s publication was issued on 2 July 1863 (Stafleu, 1967). A report in volume 27 of the ‘Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië’ states that volume 25 was issued in six instalments, the first of which appeared in 1862. The five remaining parts appeared in 1863. Professor van Steenis has examined the publication and concludes that page 416, on which the name T. eupteronoides appeared, belongs to the final instalment, and must therefore have been issued late in 1863, and in any event later than July. For this reason, Miquel’s names take precedence over that of Teysmann & Binnendijk. Of Miquel’s two names, I have chosen to use that which he placed in Gastonia. In this way the need for a new combination is avoided. As can be seen from its synonymy this species was described from other islands by subsequent authors.

Beschreibung: In continuation of a former study on the ‘Elevation Effect’ in the Swiss mountain flora (Backhuys, 1968), the distribution of six Taraxacum species in Switzerland was examined in detail. This was enabled by the preceding monographic study by J. L. van Soest (1969). The interesting point was to compare species of one genus with a common dispersal mechanism. Data on the vertical distribution are provided in table I and diagrams 1—6. It was found that all six species show an elevation effect which varies from 200—750 m. In five species this range is as narrow as 500—750 m. See table II. It is concluded that in spite of the very obvious dispersal mechanism (parachute-achenes) the species are apparently not capable to colonise ‘mountain islands’ the summit altitude of which is situated between the lowest known locality and the lowest mountain island on which the species concerned is found. These data support the view that the elevation effect is a plant-geographical rule of universal validity for mountain plants.

Beschreibung: Trifolium repens has been introduced purposely or casually in the mountains of Luzon and East Java; it has now also turned up in New Guinea. EAST NEW GUINEA. Morobe Dist., Wau Subdist., Edie Creek, bank over gold workings, growing in profusion, NGF 12152 A. N. Millar, 14 Aug. 1968.

Beschreibung: Dispela ripot i toktok long wok bilong Dr C. Kalkman na Mr W. Vink, bilong Rijksherbarium long Leiden, Holland, wantaim Mr A. N. Gillison na Mr D. G. Frodin bilong Division bilong wok long Botany, long Lae. Oli bin mekim dispela wok long yar 1966 long ol dispela pies klostu long Tari: mauden Ambua, mauden Ne, mauden Kerewa na wanpela pies istap namel oli kolim Ibiwara. Oli bungim ol plaua, ol lip bilong diwai na ol diwai; olgeta samting em oli bungim wantaim inap long 1,975. Bihain, bai oli salim ol dispela samting igo long ol masta long university or bigpela skul we oli wokim wanpela buk oli kolim Flora. Dispela ripot bai toksave long ol kain diwai i stap long bus na ol kain plaua antap long mauden. Ripot ia i pinisim lukluk long plaua, long lain oli kolim Ericaceae i stap long ol dispela ples na antap long mauden Giluwe, mauden Kubor na mauden Wilhelm. Mipela i laik tok tenkyu long ol pipal bilong Tigibi na Benaria em oli bin wok wantaim mipela.

Beschreibung: During a recent treatment of the Proteaceae for “Flora Malesiana” it has become evident that a revision of the generic status of all proteaceous taxa reported from S. Asia and Malaysia as well as from the adjacent regions of Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and subtropical-tropical Australia had to be made to reach a satisfactory correlation of the genera and species concerned as a basis for the discussion of phytogeographical relations both within and outside the proper Malaysian area. During this work it appeared necessary to transfer some species to other genera. A revision of the genus Helicia showed that a group of species had to be segregated as a distinct new genus Heliciopsis. My studies are based on herbarium specimens borrowed from the following Institutions: Arnold Arboretum (A), Bot. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem (B, where the type-material of the family remained intact), Bogor (BO), Brisbane (BRI), Calcutta (CAL), Edinburgh (E), Florence (FT), Kepong (KEP), Lae (LAE), Leiden (L), Melbourne (MEL), Miinchen (M), New York (NY), Manila (PNH), Singapore (SING), Stockholm (S) and Utrecht (IT). The material preserved in the British Museum (BM), at Kew (K), and Paris (P) has been studied during a stay at London and Paris.

Beschreibung: For identifying the mosses collected in different localities of the Malaysian region, the need was felt for a key to the genera. In the preliminary one that I constructed to this end the genera were taken in the delimitation accepted in the second edition of Brotherus, Natürl. Pflanzf. In addition to the latter the genera published after 1925 and therefore not included in Brotherus 1. c. are taken into account. In revising the families for Flora Malesiana I will doubtless be compelled to alter the position of some of the species and the delimitation of some of the genera, and at the end of series III of Flora Malesiana, which will contain the Mosses, I therefore intend to give a final key. I sincerely hope that the preliminary key will in the meantime have been tested by different bryologists, and that they will let me profit by their remarks. For this reason it is published here. The analytical key is based as far as possible on vegetative characters, especially on the shape of the leaf cells. The principal features of the sporophyte are noted, but are not, as a rule, made use of as alternatives. This applies particularly to those alternatives that lead to the main groups. Only when no reliable vegetative characters could be found, have characters of the sporophyte, especially those of the peristome, been used. The habitat of each genus, not its distribution in the Malaysian region, is indicated in the key.

Beschreibung: Mapania holttumii Kern, nom. nov. — Mapania insignis Holttum, Gard. Bull. Sing. 11, 1947, 293, non Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1933, 496. When publishing the name Mapania insignis for a species occurring in the Malay Peninsula, Holttum overlooked the existence of the earlier homonym Mapania insignis Sandw. for a different species from British Guyana. I therefore propose to replace the illegitimate binomial by that of Mapania holttumii.

Beschreibung: The present paper deals with some gomphids from South America. Besides descriptions of a number of new species additional notes on several Selysian and other, little-known species, elucidated with illustrations of important details, are offered in order to obtain a better insight into the characteristics of these dragonflies. Lectotypes are selected and confusions in respect to the generic or specific status of some species are unraveled. Of nearly all the gomphids from Surinam the larval stages are described or discussed. The identity of several larvae is ascertained by the actual rearing of some individuals. The discovery of two new Agriogomphine species resulted in a classification of the members of the Agriogomphus complex into two genera only instead of four. Undoubtedly of greater importance is the attempt to acquire a satisfactory division of the large genus Gomphoides sensu Selysi 1854. In doing so, the erection of a new genus was necessary. The material from Surinam here recorded has been assembled in the first instance by the author himself during a period of ten years of odonatological research carried out in that country (1955—1965), but a comprehensive and very valuable part is from Dr. D. C. GEIJSKES. I would like to express here my thanks for his consent to describe his gomphid material. This privilege enabled me to clear up several intriguing problems on the regional gomphid fauna.

Beschreibung: Some time ago a paper was published by Brouwer (1954) on the geological interpretation of a vertical section through Pleistocene deposits near the village of Wezep in the northeastern corner of the province of Gelderland, in the central part of the Netherlands. The exact locality¹, known locally as the ""Moordenaarshoek"" (murderer’s corner), is situated on a heath along the edge of a pine forest, which grows on the lower slopes of the northeastern tip of the great Pleistocene pressure ridge or moraine along the western border of the valley of the river Yssel. The locality was described for the first time by Bursch, Florschütz and van der Vlerk (1938) who made an excavation there on the instigation of the late Colonel Mallinckrodt, an ardent amateur archaeologist. It was believed that the numerous flint objects which could be found in a peculiar kind of boulderclay there and at other localities in the neighbourhood, might be interpreted as artefacts of a primitive, somewhat Clactonian, type; a belief which was also accepted by the present author until some five years ago. With the object of collecting more data on these somewhat enigmatic phenomena², an excavation at approximately the same locality as that described by Bursch, Florschütz and van der Vlerk was made in the autumn of 1948 by the Biologisch-Archaeologisch Instituut of Groningen University (director Professor A. E. van Giffen) under supervision of Dr. A. Bohmers and the present author. Thanks to the energetic help of the late Colonel Malunckrodt two other localities, situated more to the West, on the Oldebroek artillery range, were also excavated. Here again the same flint objects, interspersed in either gravel and coarse sands, or in a loam comparable to that found at Wezep, were recovered. The layer of loam at one of the two Oldebroek localities was found to be much thinner than that encountered at Wezep, although not differing from it in any other aspect.

Beschreibung: In the Netherlands Antilles, opposite the Venezuelan coast, the cyprinodont fish Poecilia sphenops vandepolli is found in fresh water, in brackish water, in the sea and in supersaline water. When comparing the populations from fresh water, sea water and supersaline water some significant morphological differences were found, e.g. in size, in depth of the body and of the caudal peduncle, in length of the head, and in the number of rays in the pectoral and caudal fins and the number of lateral scales. In raising experiments, however, it could be shown that these differences are phenotypic. The characteristics of the subspecies or varietas arubensis as described by VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE (1887) proved also to be phenotypic. Optimum growth was found in seawater. The adaptation to fresh water after transfer from sea water or supersaline water is quicker than in the opposite direction; this concerns specific weight adaptation, growth resumption and the change of preference for the new salinity after transfer. With respect to these characteristics fresh water is more favourable than sea water or brine. The inland migration after rainfall is not caused by the fresh water itself, but by an organic compound that is found in inland water, whether fresh or saline, and also in rain water after it has been in contact with the soil. From the fact that mollies also are attracted by IJsselmeer water, just as elvers are, it seems likely that mollies and elvers are attracted by the same organic compound. This behaviour of the molly causes irregular migrations from sea to inland waters which prevent the inland populations from developing into separate forms, races or subspecies.

Beschreibung: This paper contains some morphological and statistical data on a number of Ozolaimus populations gathered from entire specimens of Iguana iguana iguana — injected with formaline and/or alcohol for general purposes only — and from a few intestinal tracts that had been preserved separately. Further research on these samples — which, on the whole, still contain quite a number of other nematode species — has been entrusted to Dr. E. Caballero y C., México. All Iguana specimens studied (see Table 6) were collected by Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, with the exception of Nos. 11 (Dr. J. Boeke), 11a-b (Dr. A. C. J. Burgers), 45-50 (Dr. D. C. Geijskes), and 51 (unknown collector). The hosts — except for Nos. 8, 11a-b, 45-50 — have been deposited in the State Museum of Natural History, Leiden, and in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam.

Beschreibung: The small collection of tiger-beetles, belonging to the genus Megacephala, which is the subject of this paper, was incidentally made by the author during his visits to the Lesser Antilles in 1936-’37 and 1948-’49. The greater part of the material has been deposited at the “Zoologisch Museum” of Amsterdam and the “Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie” at Leiden. Some specimens (27 M. sobrina from Porlamar, Margarita, and Deenterra, Bonaire) were presented to the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, British Museum, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, incl. Coll. Horn, Hope Department of Entomology at Oxford, The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique at Brussel, United States National Museum, the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen, and the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität at Berlin, whose keepers kindly entrusted me with some material included in this study. The specimens presented by the U. S. Nat. Mus. were given to Amsterdam, those from the Amer. Mus. to Leiden.

Beschreibung: A short time ago rumors reached Bogota that a big cavesystem had been discovered by some farmers in the southwest of the department of Tolima, between the villages of Cunday and Purificación. This region belongs morphologically and geologically to the Eastern Cordillera, and forms the westernmost spurs of this mountain chain. As the existence of these caves was completely unknown up to that time, and as no limestones were known from that region, a scientific expedition was organized for a first exploration. The geological party of this expedition was formed by Dr. J. A. Bueno, the author and his wife. We went by car from Bogota to Girardot and from there to Cunday. The next day we had a whole day’s walk to the entrance of the eaves. After two days and two nights passed underground, we left the caves some kilometers to the southwest, at the other side of the mountains. From there we had a two-days walk to the nearest-by village on the Magdalena-river, Suarez. From there we returned to Bogota by car. We only could explore some kilometers of the cave-system, but the guide told us that, entering south of Cunday, one can go on to the south and leave east of Purificación, at least ten kilometers southwest of the Cunday entrance. Knowing that there are several levels, these dimensions would place the Cunday-caves among the larger ones of the world.

Beschreibung: Er zijn verschillende redenen om te veronderstellen, dat het grondgebied, dat men thans Nederland noemt, in het Pleistoceen bewoond was. Zowel in het Noorden als in het Zuiden zijn artefacten gevonden, die beschouwd worden als te behoren tot palaeolithische culturen.

Beschreibung: Pebbles of various kinds were subjected to abrasion by a sand-laden current of water. The loss in weight resulting from the action of coarse and fine sand at different velocities was measured. There proved to be no abrasion below a velocity of 70 cm per second. At a bottom velocity of this amount medium to large pebbles are already rolled along. This causes much severer loss of weight. Hence wet sandblasting is not important for particles under cobble size either in streams or on beaches.

Beschreibung: Cet aperçu sur les Spirorbes du Carbonifère néerlandais présente après une courte description de l’espèce Spirorbis pusillus, quelques remarques sur l’écologie de cette espèce et le commensalisme supposé par certains étudiants, mais encore douteux d’après l’opinion de l’auteur.

Beschreibung: Benoemd met ingang van de cursus 1922—23, gaf ik mijn eerste college in de Mineralogie op 27 september 1922 en mijn eerste college in de Algemene Geologie op 13 October van dat jaar. Ik was benoemd tot een soort “Sjaan van alles” uit de familie Doorsnee, evenals mijn voorganger K. Martin dat geweest was; d.w.z. ik zou alle geologische wetenschappen moeten doceren: Kristallografie, Mineralogie, Petrologie, Algemene Geologie, Palaeontologie, Stratigrafie en Historische Geologie. Gelukkig had ik de vermetelheid aan de President-Curator mede te delen, niet in staat te zijn de laatstgenoemde drie vakken te onderwijzen. Noodgedwongen moest ik een keuze doen. Naast de Algemene Geologie zou het òf het complex der mineralogische wetenschappen of dat der palaeontologische moeten zijn, waarop ik mij met enige kans van succes zou kunnen werpen. Ik koos de eerstgenoemde groep omdat de exacte zijde der geologische wetenschappen mij aantrok, terwijl het determineren van fossielen mij niet lag. Wanneer men bedenkt, dat von Laue zijn beroemd proefondervindelijk bewijs van de struktuur der kristallen, toen ik in 1911 afstudeerde, nog niet geleverd had, en ik mij, na een assistentschap van 1% Jaar en een conservatorschap van 1 jaar in Delft, in de aardolieindustrie begaf, zal het duidelijk zijn, dat ik in 1922 een grote achterstand in mijn wetenschappelijke ontwikkeling had in te halen om enigszins dragelijke colleges in de Kristallografie en Mineralogie te geven. Ik wil hier niet uitweiden over de moeilijkheden, die ik hierbij te overwinnen had, maar wel gaarne getuigen van het genoegen dat ik telkens weer beleefde (tot in 1950) wanneer ik de jonge studenten in de geheimen van de kristallografische symmetrieleer en kristaloptica moest inwijden. Heden wil ik zeer in het kort in herinnering roepen hetgeen ik naast de gewone colleges in de geologie en mineralogie onder de titel “Capita selecta"" als dessert heb opgediend.

Beschreibung: The investigated polymetamorphic peridotites occur associated with metabasic rocks in several complexes of probably Precambrian age in the northern part of the Hesperian massif (Iberian peninsula). Spinel-clinopyroxene-, spinel-pargasite-, spinel-hornblende- and chlorite-amphibole-peridotites, wehrlites, spinel-amphiboleand plagioclase wehrlites are found; most rocks are partly to completely serpentinized. Attention has been paid particularly to the two first-mentioned catazonal types in which bands, veins and lenses of garnet ± spinel pyroxenite and -pargasitite occur, while brown ceylonite orthopyroxenite and spinel-sensu-stricto clinopyroxenite are present in subordinate amounts. It is contended that these pyroxenites and pargasitites represent partial melting products of a parental ultramafic rock which contention is corroborated by experimental evidence. The partial melt had a picritic composition and crystallized as an aluminous pyroxene assemblage, in which garnet was formed under subsolidus conditions. Comparisons are drawn with peridotites from other occurrences in which garnet-bearing assemblages are also encountered. It is assumed that these peridotites were emplaced as spinel-clinopyroxene peridotites (Iherzolites) during a Precambrian orogenic cycle under high-pressure granulitefacies conditions and equilibrated at 1100°-1200°C under 15-20 kb pressure. Catazonal retrogradation (800°-900°C, 10-15 kb pressure) gave rise to large-scale development of pargasite. Garnet probably metastably coexisted with pargasite and the zonary character in the garnets was presumably obtained during this phase. Aluminous chlorite was formed during the Hercynian orogeny under mesozonal conditions; a second generation of pyroxenes and amphiboles possesses lower contents of Al2O3. The spinel-hornblende peridotite probably did not undergo high-pressure granulite-facies conditions during the Precambrian orogeny. The chlorite-amphibole peridotite is supposed to have a lower Paleozoic age. The wehrlites are considered to be partial melting products of a parental peridotite and crystallized under low pressures. Spinel-amphibole wehrlites are hydrated plagioclase wehrlites. New whole-rock analyses of 11 peridotites and 14 pyroxenites are given. Contents of some minor and some trace elements have been determined with neutron activation analysis. Electron microprobe analyses are presented of olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, garnets, spinels, chlorites, högbomites and ilmenites. The mineral compositions are compared to whole-rock chemistry and distribution coefficients are calculated from which temperature and pressure estimates are derived.

Beschreibung: During the Fall of 1945 the author measured daily the micro-topography of a beach profile at Zandvoort, the Netherlands. The daily changes and the movements of the beach ridges have been determined. Several beach ridges came into being and were destroyed during storms. The structure of the deposits has been studied.

Beschreibung: Whereas in fishes several osteomas (Bell, 1793; Gervais, 1875; Bland-Sutton, 1885 ; Plehn, 1906 ; Schroeders, 1908 ; Fiebiger, 1909 ; Williamson, 1913 ; Beatti, 1916 ; Kazama, 1924 ; Sagawa, 1925; Williams, 1929; Takahashi, 1929; Thomas, 1932, 1933; Lucké and Schlumberger, not published, see the publication of Schlumberger and Lucké, 1948) and some osteosarcomas (Wahlgren, 1873 ; Murray, 1909 ; Williams, 1929 ; Thomas, 1932) have been described, in amphibians only one case of a doubtful osteogenic sarcoma (Ohlmacher, 1898) has been found and in reptiles one case of an osteoma (Moodie, 1923). Therefore, the multiple osteomas, which we were in a position to study in an adult female of the lizard Lacerta viridis, is probably the first case of this tumour found in a reptile. The tumour nodules presented themselves as rather regular nodules, varying in size, which were present in the tail and arose from the caudal vertebrae (figs. 1 and 2).

Beschreibung: Examination of the type specimens of Callichthys splendens Castelnau, 1855, Brochis coeruleus Cope, 1872 (type species of Brochis Cope, 1872), Brochis dipterus Cope, 1872, Corydoras semiscutatus Cope, 1872, Chaenothorax bicarinatus Cope, 1878 (type species of Chaenothorax Cope, 1878), and Chaenothorax eigenmanni Ellis, 1913, has demonstrated that they represent only one species: Brochis splendens. Callichthys taiosh Castelnau, 1855, also has to be considered a synonym of Brochis splendens. Chaenothorax multiradiatus Orcés-Villagomez, 1960, is a second species belonging to the genus Brochis.

Beschreibung: The bat fauna of the Adriatic islands is very poorly known in comparison with that of the coastal continental regions (Kolombatović, 1882, 1884; Dulić, 1959). Although ten species of bats are recorded, the data for most of the islands except the island of Lastovo (Dulić, 1968) are scarce, and of an early date. During the years 1966—1970, mostly in the summer (July, August), we investigated the bat fauna of some Adriatic islands, particularly of the southern ones. During 17 trips, each of 5 to 10 days, to 8 islands, 200 bats were collected and several hundreds were examined (caught in mist nets or taken in caves). The investigated area is shown in fig. 1, the distribution of the bats in table I. Bibliographical data included, 16 species of bats from the Adriatic islands (north, middle, and south) are known now.

Beschreibung: In this paper a descriptive terminology for angiospermous pollen grains studied with a light microscope is discussed. The requirements for terms have been formulated. On account of these the existing terms have been subjected to a close inspection. It appeared that it was necessary in few cases to introduce new terms. This was especially the case in the description of outlines in equatorial and polar view.

Beschreibung: The chromosome number of 15 species of Angiosperms, occurring in Cameroun and the Ivory Coast, was determined. The numbers given for 11 species are new, for three species the results of previous studies could be confirmed, whereas in one species the presence of intraspecific polyploidy could be demonstrated.

Beschreibung: In recent times very little has been published on the fern flora of French Guiana. In 1918, R. BONAPARTE published a list of fern specimens, collected chiefly by Leprieur and Mélinon (p. 365: Guyane franςaise, plusieurs collecteurs, herbier du Prince Bonaparte; apart from some scattered notes in other volumes of Notes Ptéridologiques); POSTHUMUS’s records of ferns from that region, which are included in his work on the ferns of Surinam (1928), were partly based on Bonaparte’s work, but comparatively little new material had been added to the existing collections. Consequently, when Mme M. Tardieu-Blot informed me that the Paris herbarium contained some unidentified collections of Pteridophytes from that region, I accepted willingly her offer to study them. In this paper are enumerated new or critical or in some other respects interesting records of ferns from the material concerned. It is regrettable that most collections do not possess indications of precise localities, or even lack collectors names, numbers, or both; it is supposed that most of these specimens have been collected by Leprieur.

Beschreibung: The comparative morphology of the genera belonging to this family has been extensively treated by Gross in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLIX (1913) p. 234—339. Antigonon leptopus W. Hook. et Arn., Bot. Beechey’s Voyage (1840) p. 308, t. 69.

Beschreibung: The genus Cladobotryum Nees is characterized by mostly verticillately branched conidiophores with phialides, dry, one-celled or pluricellular conidia in heads or irregular chains, and pluricellular chlamydospores or sclerotia. Eight species are considered. In four of them the corresponding Hypomyces state is known, in one species it is conjectured. In cultures of Hypomyces rosellus and H. odoratus perithecia were obtained after mating of compatible strains. The conidium-forming cells are interpreted as phialides in all species, even if the meristematic zone extends beyond the apex and surrounds itself with a secondary wall.

Beschreibung: Lianes, defined as woody climbers and (facultatively) straggling shrubs, were collected in an area of about 1900 square kilometres of the Brokopondo District, in the interior of Surinam. Ten different habitats were distinguished only one of which was intensively sampled, viz. the so-called “high forest”, the most luxuriant climax vegetation type in the area. A total of 132 species were distinguished, 80 of which could be determined with certainty and 15 nearly so. Among the identified species one was new (described since as Dicranostyles guianensis A. Mennega, Conv.), and 5 were new records for Surinam, viz. Sparattanthelium aruakorum Tutin (Hern.), Abuta obovata Diels, Abula splendida Kruk. et Mold., and Sciadotenia sagotiana (Eichl.) Diels (all Menisp.), and Mimosa micracantha Benth. (Mim.). The distribution of the species over the 10 habitat types is shown, and the ecology of some of them is discussed more in detail.

Beschreibung: On the 28th of February 1955 Prof. Dr A. A. Pulle died at Utrecht after a long and painful illness. August Adriaan Pulle was born on the 10th of January 1878 at Arnhem, where he also attended the primary and the secundary school. During the later years at the high school his interest in plants was awakened, and by numerous excursions in the neighbourhood, which is well-known for its varied vegetation, he obtained a good knowledge of the Dutch flora. However, he was at that time even more attracted by chemistry, and when he had finished the high school he thought that a university study of pharmacy would best suit his leanings. As the certificate of the type of high school he had attended gave at that time no access to the university, he had to qualify for the latter by submitting himself to a special examination in the classical languages. After a one-year preparatory course he passed this examination, and in 1897 he entered the Utrecht University as a pharmaceutical student. In 1899 he obtained the B.Sc. degree. In the meantime, however, his interest in botany was once more stirred into activity, especially by the contact with the young and enthusiastic botany professor. Dr F. A. F .C. Went, and he decided to discontinue his pharmaceutical study, and to take up botany as a major subject. To this end he had to submit himself once more to a supplementary examination, this time in botany and zoology. Shortly afterwards he became assistent to professor Went. On the 11th of September 1902 he obtained the M.Sc. degree, and a few days later he departed for Suriname to participate in the Saramacca Expedition. In 1903 he returned with a large amount of herbarium material and with a good deal of experience regarding tropical vegetation. This first confrontation with a tropical flora made a lasting impression on his mind, and henceforth the study of tropical vegetation and especially that of the flora of Suriname became his main scientific concern.

Beschreibung: Selaginella selaginoides, Arabis arenicola, and Gentiana amarella are recorded as species new to the Angmagssalik district. Other species, formerly only known from single localities, are reported from new localities. Descriptions are given of the habitats in which the species were found.

Beschreibung: Een eventuele veelvormigheid van de wolverlei, Arnica montana L., heeft in ons land, voor zover mij bekend, geen aanleiding gegeven tot een onderverdeling dezer soort. In Portugal is dat wel het geval; A. de Bolos beschreef in 1948 in het tijdschrift Agronomia Lusitanica 2 ondersoorten voor het Iberische schiereiland, resp. subsp. montana en subsp. atlantica. (Op nomenklatuurkwesties gaan wij hier niet verder in). De eerstgenoemde ondersoort zou tussen 1000 en 2800 m voorkomen in het Middeneuropese bergland, de Alpen en de Pyreneeën en alleen in het uiterste N. van haar areaal hij uitzondering afdalen tot 400 à 500 m. De subsp. atlantica is in haar voorkomen op het Iberische schiereiland en in Z.- Frankrijk zuiver atlantisch; voorkomend tussen 60 en 1000 m, vindt men haar meestal op een hoogte beneden 400 m. Het verschil tussen beide ondersoorten, hier in tabelvorm weergegeven, berust op de volgende eigenschappen:

Beschreibung: De Redactie van de Flora Europaea zond ons over deze flora de volgende uiteenzetting, die voorkorat in The Times van 2 nov. 1957- Wij hrengen dit artikel gaarne onder de aandacht van de lezerss "Botany affects man's interests at so many points that much more than purely scientific interest attaches to a vast Botanical project that is now getting actively under way. This is the publication of a flora of Europe, to contain descriptions – usually of not more than 50 words each – of all the flowering plants and ferns that grow spontaneously in the continent. It had at first been intended not to include European Russia (since it was covered by the new flora of the U.S.S.R.), but it has now been decided to do so, and the decision is clearly right, even though it will mean adding about 1,500 species to the book – which may now be expected to include some 16,000 or 17?000 kinds of plant. This will be not only a new and up-to-date work but, in effect, one of a new sort – the first modern flora of any whole continent (not merely of Europe) ever to be published ~ though there are in course of production several floras on a wide regional basis, as of Malaysia, or eastern or western tropical Africa." "In the past, the listing and describing of wild plants has nearly always been upon an basis of political geography. The floras, whore they have appeared, have usually been national floras – with only occasional attempts to cover wider, more natural, geographical areas. Europe is a continent of many, and often changing, national frontiers, and anyone who wishes to study a particular European plant might have to consult up to 100 hooks (apart from countless periodicals) written in many different languages (such a collection indeed, as scarcely exists outside a very few of the richest European scientific libraries) even to discover so elementary a fact as in what European countries the plant grows. There is, moreover, the consideration that there exist no adequate hooks on the plants of several of these countries."

Beschreibung: Van de heer J.E. Lousley te Londen ontvingen wij een gedrukt verslag van de in 1956 door de Botanical Society of the British Isles gehouden conferentie, die als onderwerp had: Progress in the Study of the British Flora (uitgave B.S.B.I., c/o Dept. of Botany, British Museum, Natural History, Cromwell Road, Dondon S.W. 7).

Beschreibung: In het Carex-deel van de Flora Neerlandica, p. 127 wordt een klein aantal vindplaatsen van deze bastaard vermeld. Zij groeit ook nabij Kasteel Renswoude aan de rand van de kasteelvijver (Zie D.L.N. 61, p.14l), met in de naaste omgeving veel Carex remota L. en weinig Carex paniculata L. Nadat in 1957 één exemplaar was aangetroffen, bleek in 1958 bij een inspectie van het gehele beschaduwde deel van de oeverrand, dat daar verspreid een viertal planten groeien, steeds vlak aan het water. Uit Westhoffs beschrijving van de Flora van het Nationaal Park Veluwezoom blijkt, dat de Rode Zegge aan het Beekhuizen beekje ook in verscheidene exemplaren voorkomt.

Beschreibung: Tolmiea menziesii Torr. et Gray. Naar aanleiding van Van der Ploeg’s beschoutwingen over de voor hem kennelijk onverwachte winterhardheid van Tolmiea menziesii Torr. et Gray kan ik mededelen, dat wij een aantal jaren geleden (naar schatting ca. 10 jaar) een kamerexemplaar van deze soort afdankten door het in de tuin te zetten. Sedertdien gedijt het daar, alle inmiddels vorlopen winters ten spijt, tenminste zo goed als tevoren binnenskamers.

Beschreibung: In verband met de vrij grote veelvormigheid werden van het riet verscheidene paramorfen beschreven. Bij sommige zijn de kenmerken niet erfelijk bepaald, maar een gevolg van de inwerking van het uitwendige milieu, terwijl andere op erfelijke eigenschappen berusten. Over het algemeen is echter de aard van deze veelvormigheid nog onvoldoende bekend. De aandacht wordt hier evenwel op dit probleem gevestigd, omdat schrijver een begin heeft gemaakt met een onderzoek naar de polymorfie van Phragmites in Nederland. Het opstellen van een systematische onderverdeling van het riet is echter niet in de eerste plaats het doel van dit onderzoek. Het accent ligt meer op de beantwoording van de vraag of binnen de soort morfologisch kenbare groepen voorkomen, welke aan bepaalde milieus zijn gebonden. Als voorlopig uitgangspunt voor dit onderzoek is de indeling gebruikt, zoals Dr. p. Jansen die op blz. 144 van deel 1, afl. 2 van de Flora Neerlandica heeft gepubliceerd. Het staat wel vast dat Phragmites zeer plastisch is en een hrede oecologische amplitudo bezit. Het riet kan namelijk grote veranderingen in het milieu verdragen – bv. uitdroging en verzilting van de bodem – hetgeen doorgaans gepaard gaat met wijzigingen in de afmetingen der vegetatieve organen. Daarnaast kan de soort zich in sterk uiteenlopende milieus vestigen en uitbreiden, waardoor eveneens een niet-erfelijke veelvormigheid kan optreden. Zo danken de f. stolonifera (G.F.W. Mey.) J. & W., de f, uniflora J. & W. en de var. salina J. & W. geheel of bijna geheel hun ontstaan aan bepaalde milieu-omstandigheden.

Beschreibung: Linaria repens (L.) Mill. (L. monspessulana (L.) Mill.; L. striata Lamk. & DC.) is bij ons reeds meermalen als adventief gevonden en blijkt zich op enkele plaatsen te handhaven. Dit laatste is bv. het geval te Arnhem, aan de Koningsweg. De soort werd daar in 1952 aangetroffen door Dr. A.G. de Wilde (materiaal is in zijn herb. aanwezig), groeide er waarschijnlijk al langer en komt er nu nog voor. In sept. 1958 werd door de heer C.G. Schippers te Oosterbeek op de groeiplaats aan de Koningsweg tussen exemplaren van L. repens en L. vulgaris een plant gevonden, die hem moeilijkheden bij het determineren gaf, en die hij daarom aan ons opstuurde. Het bleek, dat hij de bastaard van beide soorten had aangetroffen, die tot nu toe nog niet uit Nederland bekend was. Deze bastaard is in het gebied, waar L. repens inheems is en waar ook L. vulgaris voorkomt (Z.- on W.-Europa, noordelijk tot Engeland en Frankrijk) niet zeldzaam gevonden en wel in verschillende vormen, deels intermediair, deels meer met een der ouders overeenkomend. L. repens heeft een witte of zeer licht lila bloemkroon, die donkerder lila geaderd is; deze adering is op de beide bovenste kroonslippen het donkerst en op het masker het lichtst. Het masker is aan de bovenzijde iets geel, doch zeer weinig. De totale lengte van de bloemkroon bedraagt bij de Arnhemse planten ca. 10- 12 mm, waarvan de stompe spoor ca. 3 mm inneemt.

Beschreibung: In het verslag van de Unio 1937 in N.K.A. deel 48, blz. 20 vermeldt Kloos de vondst van Petroselinum segetum in de omgeving van Cadzand door enige leden van de Nederlandse Botanische Vereniging. Op blz. 196 geeft hij onder “Aanwinsten, enz.” meer bijzonderheden over de plant. Hij zegt dan dat daar een groot aantal exemplaren groeiden en dat het materiaal, dat hij gezien had, volgens de vinders wass “alles wat er stond.” Daarmee was dus de nieuwe indigeen meteen indigeen af. Ik heb de laatste jaren zeer intensief, doch steeds vruchteloos, naar de plant gezocht. De heer Van de Vyvere uit Brugge was zo gelukkig om in het voorjaar van 1956 een groeiplaats te vinden aan de dijk van de geïnundeerde Zwarte Polder onder Nieuwvliet. In 1957 vond ik de plant op zijn aanwijzing aan de landzijde van genoemde dijk. Er groeiden omstreeks een 14tal exemplaren en de ontdekking tussen het lange gras was naar mijn mening meer geluk dan anderszins. Dat blijkt ook uit het feit, dat Van de Vyvere, nadat hij via het Rijksherbarium van mijn vondst had gehoord, er andermaal heengetogen was, doch niets meer had kunnen vinden. Even had hij mij ervan verdacht “alles te hebben uitgeroeid.” Dit was echter niet zo, maar er was wat anders aan de hand. Bij het verzamelen van bescheiden materiaal voor het Rijksherbarium en mijzelf was mij n.l. gebleken, dat de planten praktisch niet normaal bloeiden, doch dat zowat alle bloemen gallen vertoonden. Doordat de rozet- en stengelbladen verdord waren, was de plant later eigenlijk onherkenbaar geworden.

Beschreibung: Het Balgzand is het grote schorren- en waddencomplex tussen Den Helder en Wieringen; het is een terrein van grote natuurwetenschappelijke waarde. De enorme uitgestrektheid en de ongereptheid ervan, de typische flora en de rijke avifauna stempelen het gebied tot een natuurmonument van de eerste orde. De auteur geeft in dit boekje een overzicht van de plantengezelschappen van dit gebied en wel eerst die van het wad en vervolgens die van de kwelder. Hierna wordt de vegetatie langs en in het Balgkanaal, dat het Balgzand aan de zuidwestzijde begrenst, besproken, waarbij wederom een overzicht van de plantengezelschappen wordt gegeven. Een lijst der waargenomen hogere planten, een 100-tal soorten omvattend en een uitvoerig literatuur-overzicht besluiten het boekje.

Beschreibung: Anacardiaceae. Mr F.D. Venning, in charge of the Swingle Plant Research Laboratory, University of Miami, Coral Gables, worked on the genus Spondias. Annonaceae. Mr J. Sinclair, Singapore, made a study of Malayan species for which he had in addition to check on species from the adjacent regions of Siam, Burma, and Borneo.

Beschreibung: In de 1400 ha. grote Staatsbossen ten O. van Dwingeloo was reeds geruime tijd een vindplaats van Lycopodium annotinum bekend en wel in het meest oostelijke deel, vlak bij Spier. Onlangs deelde de boswachter Fickweiler mij mee, dat er een tweede groeiplaats in deze bossen zou zijn en wel ten Z.O. van Lhee. Toen ik de nauwkeurig aangegeven plaats bezocht, bleek het evenwel een grote plek Lycopodium clavatum te zijn, rijk fructificerend in het dennenbos, wat op zichzelf merkwaardig mag heten voor deze heideplant. De heer Beijerinck, die ik hierop attent maakte, bezocht vorige week deze plek en vond toen in de buurt ook Lycopodium annotinum, L. selago en Goodyera repens. Lycopodium selago was uit deze bossen nog niet bekend, Goodyera wel, maar van een andere plaats (in het N.W.), waar hij inmiddels weer verdwenen schijnt te zijn. De, oude plek van Lycopodium annotinum bij Spier ligt in een gemengd eikendennenbos op een vlak, droog, zandig plateautje, beslaat zeker honderd m² en breidt zich nog jaarlijks met gesloten front uit. De soort fructificeert er rijkelijk en staat er zo dicht, dat er bijna niets anders groeien wil. Oorspronkelijk was dit de oude zoom eikenbos rond de es van Spier. In 1921 zijn daar grove dennen tussen geplant. In tegenstelling daarmede ligt de nieuwe vindplaats in het oorspronkelijk bosloze stuifzand- en heidegebied van het Lheeër Zand en bestaat uit slechts enkele steriele planten. Zij groeien aan de voet van een oud stuifduintje (N.-N.W. helling), aan de stamvoet van een grove den. Op 250 m daar vandaan bevindt zich de genoemde groeiplaats van L. clavatum en nog 150 m verder staan L. selago en Goodyera vrij dicht hij elkaar. Van L. selago zag ik slechts één vier jaar oude plant met drie takken, die rijkelijk jonge sporangia droegen.

Beschreibung: Flora of West tropical Africa. A new edition of Hutchinson and Dalziel’s useful work is being prepared by Mr R.W.J. Keay (assisted by Mr F.N. Hepper). Part 1, containing the introductory matter, Gymnosperms and families Annonaceae to Guttiferae appeared August 1954; obtainable from the Crown Agents London (sh. 25.-). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Under supervision of Drs E. Milne-Redhead W.B. Turrill this new Flora is now well in progress. Its shape is as concise as possible under the circumstances. Up to May 1954 9 instalments have appeared each treating a separate family, viz Ranunculaceae, Oleaceae, Marantaceae, Tropaceae, Onagraceae, Hypericaceae, Turneraceae, Pedaliaceae, Chenopodiaceae. There is also a special glossary and foreword and preface with a list of abbreviations. This promises to be a very critical flora.

Beschreibung: A detailed treatment of some one hundred native species grouped according to the genera. Descriptions themselves are casual and popular.

Beschreibung: Dioecious trees or shrubs. Growth-mode in flushes. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, mostly elliptic to linear, often deciduous. Stipules mostly caducous, sometimes wanting. Catkins terminal, on short, caducous, axillary axes (bearing dwarfed leaves in Mal. spp.). Flowers about spirally arranged along the rhachis of the catkin, each subtended by a membranous, entire bract. Perianth absent. Disk variable in shape, often consisting of 2 median lobules, or only one adaxial (in extra-Mal. spp. rarely more in a whorl, or cupular). Stamens (1-)2-l5, in Malaysian spp. free or nearly so; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary more or less stipitate, 1-celled, consisting of 2 carpels; style more or less distinct, lobed. Ovules several, anatropous, basal, inserted amidst a mass of gradually developing, 1-celled hairs on 2 marginal placentas in the lower part of the ovary; the hairs arising both from the funicle and surrounding tissue. Capsule 2-valved, valves recurving. Seeds small, pushed out together with the hairs, without endosperm; testa thin. Distr. About 300 spp., except a few tropical and subtropical ones, restricted to the temperate and cold zones of the N. hemisphere.

Beschreibung: Evergreen (or deciduous) shrubs or trees. Buds perulate (or naked); innovations flush-wise. Leaves simple, spirally arranged (rarely opposite), usually penninerved, less often 3—5-plinerved, with entire, crenate-serrate or dentate margins, often slightly oblique at the base. Indument often stellate, tufted or lepidote. Stipules usually present, very small to large. Flowers free or connate, in heads, spikes or racemes, ♀, polygamous or unisexual and monoecious (rarely dioecious), usually actinomorphous, usually 4—5-merous, with alternate whorls of floral parts. Sepals usually small or lacking. Petals often linear or ligulate, often rolled in bud, sometimes lacking. Stamens free, often in two whorls, the inner ones staminodial; anthers almost always basifix; connective often produced. Disk if present annular or represented by small lobes. Ovary consisting of 2 (exceptionally 3) carpels often free at the apex, 2-celled, usually more or less inferior; styles 2, free, long, less frequent short, often recurved, frequently persistent and hardened in fruit; stigmas small and apical or adaxially decurrent along the styles. Ovules 1-2 and pendent or 5-~ and inserted on the dissepiment (or parietal), anatropous, with 2 integuments. Capsules 2-celled, in the lower half connate with the receptacle to various degree, rarely superior or perigynous, usually loculicidal and septicidal, hence 4-valved, endocarp often loosening from the exocarp. Seeds 1-~ (in the latter case only very few fertile), sometimes winged; albumen rather thin, embryo straight, cotyledons leaf-like, radicle short. Distr. Mainly holarctic in the Old World; temperate and warm temperate, but also in Africa and Madagascar, in South East Asia (absent in the Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon, similarly as Fagaceae!), throughout Malaysia, in Australia very rare in N. Queensland ( Ostrearia and an unnamed genus), absent from the Pacific Islands, S. America, and Europe. The present centre of development in Asia, specially China.

Beschreibung: As most of our readers who generally will have at hand a copy of the Flora Malesiana will have seen, the last part of volume 4 contains a most valuable list compiled by Mrs M.J. van Steenis-Kruseman and Mr W.T. Stearn on ”Dates of Publication”. Though aiming primarily for use of Flora Malesiana it is not limited to works dealing with the Malaysian region only but included all works which have come to our knowledge of which more precise data could be given than Pritzel gave eighty years ago. We are certain that quite a number of data have escaped our attention and we have also put forward that there is apparently no end to attain in this matter. It is for this reason that we continue this bibliographical information.-—Ed. Bentley, R. & H. Trimen, Medicinal plants.

Beschreibung: Trees, shrubs, or (most Mal. spp.) lianas. Indument of simple hairs, rarely dendroid (Connarus spp.), often mixed with capitate-glandular hairs. Leaves spirally arranged, exstipulate, imparipinnate, rarely unifoliolate. Base of the petiole and petiolules thickened. Leaflets usually not strictly opposite, penninerved to triplinerved, entire, the base often slightly peltate. Inflorescences axillary, pseudoterminal or terminal, paniculate, bracteate; pedicels articulated near the apex. Flowers 5(-4)-merous, hypogynous, bisexual (rarely by abortion unisexual and then dioecious), heterotri- or -distylous. Sepals usually (in Mal. spp. always) free or confluent at the very base only. Petals free. Stamens free or coherent at the base, in 2 whorls, inner (epipetalous) ones nearly always smaller, not rarely sterile or staminodial, sometimes partly absent; anthers dorsifixed in the lower half, curving outwards in anthesis, dehiscing lengthwise and introrse. Pistils (8-)5(-3) or 1, epipetalous, free; ovary 1-celled, with 2 nearly basal to axillary, collateral, orthotropous or anatropous (in Mal. Connarus) ovules, one of which sometimes small and sterile. Fruits dry or more or less fleshy, one-seeded, usually opening by a ventral slit, sometimes also dehiscing along the dorsal side, rarely circumsciss at the base, sometimes indehiscent. Seed large, always with an arilloid, with or without endosperm; cotyledons thick, flat. Distribution. Genera 16, with an estimated number of c. 300-350 species, the family circumtropical, but predominantly developed in Africa, in Malaysia represented by 6 genera and c. 40 species.

Beschreibung: Trees or shrubs. Leaves spiral or in pseudo-whorls, sometimes subopposite, generally coriaceous, simple or pinnatisect, often dimorphous, entire or toothed, sometimes spiny. Stipules 0. Inflorescences mostly axillary or rami- or cauliflorous, or terminal. Bracts (potentially) present but mostly small, often minute and very early caducous or barely visible, sometimes large, accrescent and woody (in cone-like spikes). Bracteoles 0-2, small. Flowers in racemes, umbels or spikes, the latter sometimes cone-like, not rarely inserted in twos; pedicels of the pairs sometimes connate to various degree. Flowers choripetalous (though segments sometimes remain connate or partly so, sometimes with a spathaceous corolla), actinomorphous, sometimes zygomorphous (by one-sided saccate corolla base, oblique torus, disk glands, stigma), mostly bisexual, rarely only seemingly so and in fact unisexual and dioecious. Buds generally cylindric, straight or curved, more or less dilated towards the base, with a mostly clavate or globular apex. Perianth segments (tepals) valvate, with a distinctly broadened apex (here called: limb), in flower recurved, adhering to each other in the lower portion to various degree, at length mostly entirely free. Torus flat or oblique. Stamens 4, epitepalous; filaments connate with the tepals to various degree, sometimes very short; anthers erect, basifixed, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing lengthwise, connective often prolonged. Disk an annular or horseshoe-shaped, flat or oblique gland, or consisting of 4 free or variously united hypogynous glands alternating with the stamens, rarely absent. Ovary superior, 1-celled, sessile or stipitate, often oblique; style terminal, thickened at the tip; stigma mostly small, terminal or lateral. Ovules solitary or geminate, either orthotropous and pendulous from or nearly from the top of the cell, or anatropous, ascending, inserted at the base of the cell or laterally at the wall, or ovules ~, biseriate. Fruit dehiscent, i.e. a coriaceous or woody follicle or a ± dry fruit the pericarp of which splits irregularly into halves to various depth, or indehiscent, i.e. a nut or a true drupe, or a ± dry fruit with coriaceous pericarp. Seeds solitary or in pairs, or ~ biseriate, sometimes winged; testa membranous, or coriaceous, sometimes stony; albumen 0; cotyledons thin or thick and fleshy, often unequal; radicle short; inferior. Distr. About 60 genera, with at least 1300 spp. in mostly tropical or subtropical Africa (incl. Madagascar c. 350 spp.), Central and S. America (c. 90 spp.), Asia (20 spp.), Malaysia (incl. Palau Isl., New Ireland, New Britain, and the Solomon Isl. c. 80 spp., 5 of which also in Australia), Australia (c. 750 spp., chiefly in W. Australia, 5 of which also represented in New Guinea), New Caledonia (c. 50 spp.), New Hebrides (2 spp.), extending to New Zealand (2 spp.), Fiji and Samoa (2 spp.), but not represented in Polynesia proper east of the ‘Andesite-line’.

Beschreibung: Mostly evergreen trees or shrubs (outside Mal. some woody climbers), often aromatic (in leaves and fruit), bark of the stem (and roots) containing a circle of schizogenous resin ducts outside the phloem; twigs sometimes ending in a thorny tip; indument if present consisting of simple (exceptionally 2-armed or capitateglandular) hairs. Leaves simple, penninerved, spirally arranged, frequently crowded towards the twig ends, mostly entire. Stipules 0. Flowers actinomorphic, mostly 5-merous, bisexual or functionally unisexual or ± polygamous, solitary or in few- to many-flowered, axillary or terminal, bracteate corymbs or thyrses. Bracteoles often 2. Sepals imbricate, free or more rarely connate below. Petals imbricate, their lower portion often narrow and loosely cohering in a tube, caducous. Stamens 5, episepalous, erect, free, or slightly connivent below; anthers 2-celled, introrse, basifixed, dehiscing lengthwise (or by pores). Disk absent (but cf. Citriobatus). Ovary superior, sessile or short-stipitate, mostly 1-celled, sometimes completely or incompletely 2-celled, placentas 2—5(-6), parietal or basal, (rarely sometimes axile in celled ovaries); style simple; stigma thickened or lobed. Ovules mostly ~, anatropous, with 1 integument. Fruit a berry or non-dehiscent, or a loculicidal capsule. Seeds mostly often immersed in a viscid pulp, rarely winged; testa thin, smooth; albumen copious, hard; embryo small, close to the hilum; cotyledons small, 2-5. Distribution. Only in the Old World, 9 (mostly small) genera of which 6 are entirely confined to Australia, 2 occur in Australia and E. Malaysia, and 1, viz Pittosporum, is widely distributed from West Africa (also in Teneriffe & Madeira) and Madagascar through Asia, Malaysia, and Australia to Polynesia. The general character of distribution shows a remarkable similarity to that of Goodeniaceae.

Beschreibung: Dioecious, rarely monoecious trees or shrubs. Bark of twigs with a whorl of resiniferous ducts, bordered on the outer side by a distinct, closed or more or less interrupted sinuous sclerenchymatic cylinder. Pith of the twigs, petioles and petiolules not rarely with vascular strands, those in the twigs mostly amphivasal with mainly sclerenchymatic xylem, those in the petioles and petiolules collateral and consisting of abundant phloem, the strands predominantly reduced to mere vestigial resiniferous ducts. Leaves imparipinnate, sometimes 1-foliolate; spirally arranged, very rarely in pseudowhorls, usually more or less crowded at the ends of the branchlets. Stipules absent, Garuga and Canarium excepted (see Morph.); in addition in Garuga stipellas are often present (fig. 6a). Inflorescences paniculate, if poor tending towards racemes or spikes ( Canarium), axillary, often crowded at the ends of the branchlets, sometimes pseudoterminal (the subtending leaves or bracts early caducous), or terminal (apparently by suppression of the terminal bud). Bracts and bracteoles usually deltoid to subulate, in Canarium subg. Canarium often ovate to orbicular (see Morph.). Flowers 3—5-merous, generally greenish to creamy, usually unisexual (in Malaysia only Garuga excepted) with remains of the other sex, the androecium in ♀ flowers always only slightly reduced, the gynaecium in ♂ ones very slightly to entirely reduced. Sepals valvate, mostly connate. Petals in Mal. spp. free, induplicate-valvate, in the central part sometimes (especially Canarium) irregularly imbricate. Stamens usually twice as many as the petals, 1-whorled or indistinctly 2-whorled (in Triomma and a very few Santirias and Canariums as many as petals); filaments free or more or less united, not rarely adnate to the disk; anthers usually dorsifixed near the base (adnate in Santiria sect. Icicopsis), dehiscing lengthwise, introrse. Disk intrastaminal, Triomma excepted, variable in size and shape, in ♂ Canarium flowers often either consolidated with the remains of the pistil (ovariodisk), or replacing the latter, though usually still provided with a narrow central canal (fig. 20). Ovary usually isomerous, rarely meiomerous, each cell with 2 axile, epitropous, descending ovules; style simple, stigma globular, often slightly lobed. Fruits (in Mal. spp.) drupaceous with non-dehiscent, fleshy pericarp (in Haplolobus dry, in Triomma woody and dehiscent) and crustaceous to papyraceous endocarp; cells 1-seeded, often partly reduced. Seed exalbuminous; cotyledons entire or not, fleshy, containing oil. Distr. About 16 genera and c. 550 spp. distributed through the tropics. The family is subdivided in 3 tribes: The Protieae (6 genera) are centred in Central and S. America, the exceptions being Garuga (SE. Asia to Melanesia) and a few species of Protium (Madagascar, the Mascarenes, and SE. Asia to New Guinea inclusive). The Bursereae (5 genera) are centred in Africa and continental S. Asia, with the exceptions of Triomma (W. Malaysia) and Bursera (Central and S. America). The Canarieae (5 genera: Dacryodes, Santiria, Haplolobus, Scutinanthe, and Canarium) are nearly exclusively palaeotropical (Dacryodes sect. Dacryodes, comprising 2 spp. in Central and S. America), and especially Malaysian; a small number of species (in Dacryodes, Santiria, and Canarium) is African and very few, mainly Malaysian species, occur in Australia and the SW. Pacific Islands.

Beschreibung: 1.a. Achene 10-ribbed; pappus reddish (when dry) ..... 2 b. Achene angular or subterete with less than 10 ribs or not ribbed; pappus white, dingy white or reddish (when dry) .... 3 2.a. Pappus uni-seriate or nearly so ...... Decaneurum b. Pappus clearly bi-seriate ......... Lepidaploa 3.a. Pappus uni-seriate or, if bi-seriate, inner involucral scales caducous afterwards .............. 4 b. Pappus bi-seriate ............. 5 4.a. Heads many-flowered; involucral scales linear-lanceolate to oblong, acute to very pointed at the top ....... Cyanopis b. Heads 1—10-flowered; involucral scales oblong or ovate, small, obtuse at the top .......... Strobocalyx 5.a. Achene angular, glabrous or pilose; outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae or scales ........ 6 b. Achene terete or subterete, more or less clearly ribbed, more or less appressed pubescent; setae of the outer row of the pappus filiform Tephrodes 6.a. Heads paniculate, corymbose or few together, pedunculate, 12- to many-flowered ............. 7 b. Heads glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 2—9-flowered .. Congestae 7.a. Outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae. Claothrachelus b. Outer row of the pappus consisting of scales .... Lepidella

Beschreibung: Hesseltinella, a new genus of the Thamnidiaceae is described with a single species, H. vesiculosa, isolated from Brazilian soil. Main characters of the new genus are branchlets, radiating from swellings of the sporangiophore and terminating in secondary swellings bearing single sporangiola. Further Mucorales isolated for the first time from Brazilian soils are: Absidia pseudocylindrospora, A. cylindrospora, A. corymbifera, A. cuneospora, A. blakesleeana, Choanephora circinans, C. infundibulifera, Cunninghamella elegans (syn.: C. batistae Upadhyay & Ramos), C. phaeospora, and Mortierella hyalina.

Beschreibung: 1. 1916. Over adventief-planten — Levende Natuur 20, p. 417—418. 2. 1918. Callicarpa, in: H. HALLIER, Elbert’s Sunda-Expedition III — Meded. Rijksherb. no 37, p. 32—34.

Beschreibung: Aulandra H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, sér. 3, 8, 1927, 415, f. 6; H.J. Lam, Hooker Icon. Pl. 1938, t. 3360; Baehni, Candollea 9, 1942, 419 — Palaquium, § Palaquioides Dubard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Pr. 56, Mém. 16, 1909, 19. Trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate, entire, tertiary nerves transverse. Inflorescences cauliflorous, flowers terminal or axillary along short vermiform brachyblasts covered by numerous scars of bracts. Flowers bisexual, 6-merous. Sepals 6, in 2 whorls of three, united at the base. Petals 6, united at the base. Stamens 18 or 19, filaments partly tubuliformly united and the tube inserted on the corolla, anthers free, dehiscing extrorsely. Ovary 6-celled; style short or long, filiform. Fruit a berry, one-seeded, scar of seed covering almost the entire seed, albumen none.

Beschreibung: Thespesia patellifera Borss., nov. spec. — Arbor altior. Ramuli subangulares, denique teretes, puberuli pilis stellatis minutissimis, glabrescentes, lenticulis minutis dispersis ornati. Stipulae appressae vel patentes, late ovatae, apice acutae, subconcavae, coriaceae, puberulae pilis stellatis minutissimis, deciduae. Petiolus longior, sed plerumque lamina brevior, robustior, pilis stellatis minutissimis vestitus, glabrescens. Lamina coriacea, ovata vel latissime elliptica, basi paulum cordata vel rotundata, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, margine integra, basi 5-nervata; costa validissima, ad apicem percurrens, sine nectario; nervi laterales 3—5, sicut nervi basales ceteri erecto-patentes, recti sed prope marginem sursum curvati et in venis ramosi; lamina in pagina superiore glabra, in pagina inferiore pilis stellatis minutissimis dispersis vestita, glabreseens. Flores solitarii in axillis superioribus. Pedunculus brevior, teres, paulum infra apicem articulatus, supra articulum subite incrassatus in discum obconicum, pili stellatus minutissimis dense vestitus, glabreseens. Epicalycis segmenta probabiliter circa 3, in speciminibus typi caduca. Calyx coriaceus, patelliformis, integer (sine dentibus vel segmentibus), extus pilis stellatis minutissimis dense ornatus, intus pilis simplicibus appressis et pilis stellatis minutis praeditus. Petala obovata, ad basin angustata, apice rotundata, margine crenata, in parte inferiore crassa, in parte superiore membranacea, extus ad basin pilis stellatis dense vestita, intus subglabra. Columna staminalis petalis brevior, ab ima basi usque ad apicem stamina gerens, glabra. Ovarium late pyriforme, acuminatum, velutinum pilis stellatis minutissimis, 10-loculare; ovula circa 2 per locu; stylus brevis, sulcatus, pilis stellatis vestitus; stigma clavatum, 5-sulcatum. Pedunculus post anthesim paulum elongatus et incrassatus. Calyx vehementer amplificatus, fructum non anguste involvens sed ab eo separatus. Fructus probaliter siccus et non dehiscens, subapplanato-globosus, extus velutinus pilis stellatis minutissimis; fructus immaturus 10-locularis, seminibus 1—2 per locu — Fig. 2. Holotype: N.G.F. 1277 (LAE).

Beschreibung: For twenty five years the tie between the two sister-institutions, the Herbaria at Bogor and at Leyden, has been growing stronger. Great distance, financial trouble and political upheaval have not been able to prevent the continuous development of the spirit of co-operation towards a common ideal: The advancement of botanical science. In no small measure this is the merit of the Director of the Rijksherbarium, Professor Dr H.J. Lam, who has always been the rock against which the waves of difficulty broke.

Beschreibung: The genus Afrardisia was published in 1902 by C. Mez (Pflzreich IV, Fam. 236, Heft 9, 183—184). Mez found that the only difference between Afrardisia and Ardisia Sw. was in the placentation. In Ardisia numerous ovules are scattered or arranged in more than one row on the placenta whereas in Afrardisia a single whorl of a small number of ovules occurs. There are some spp. of Ardisia which appear to be pauci-ovulate but then the ovules are irregularly scattered and not uni-seriate. Afrardisia was, according to Mez, confined to tropical West Africa. Actually, the genus is found throughout tropical Africa.

Beschreibung: 1. Introduction. The genus Taraxacum, lacking in the tropical regions, is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere and only locally found in the southern one. The evolutional history has been discussed by von Handel-Mazzetti; though this seems to be a speculative business, according to its extrapolative character, his study contains many valuable thoughts. He places the origin of Taraxacum in western central Asia, with which I can agree. The density of sections is also greatest here. The genus in evolution expanded to the East, the North and the West; though partly interrupted, the tracks can be more or less reconstructed. From a morphological point of view, he concluded to the existence of species of lower and higher organisation level, the latter also called by him “young” species. Restricting ourselves to the fruit characters, we can list these as follows: Lower organization Achenes small, smooth, gradually ending into a cone. Rostrum absent or short. Pappus short, dirty white. Higher organization big, spinulate, suddenly ending into a cone. long. longer, pure white.

Beschreibung: The terminology of the basidium became complicated when Neuhoff (1924: 256) introduced the term epibasidium for various extensions (exclusive of sterigma-tips) from basidia. Such diverse organs as (i) extensions from probasidia, like the four-celled body producing the sterigmata in Auricularia Bull, ex Mérat, and (ii) extensions from metabasidia, like the sterigmata (minus tips) of Tremella Fr. and Tulasnella J. Schroet., all became epibasidia. Neuhoff’s views were enthusiastically defended by Rogers (1934), then a pupil of Dr G.W. Martin, and they have been upheld by Martin himself (1938) and other mycologists of his school, which concerns itself particularly with the Heterobasidiae. Neuhoff’s terminology has been rejected or criticized by various authors: Donk (1931: 78—81; 1954; 1956: 366), Linder (1940), and Talbot (1954: 249—263). They all rejected the term epibasidium. Recently Martin (1957: 27) concedes that it “has in some instances been incorrectly applied”, and restricts it, presumably, to strongly developed sterigmata minus their tips, that is, to category (ii). This removes one of the principal issues of divergence in opinion between Martin’s conception on the one hand and Talbot’s and Donk’s on the other. For the organs of category (i) originally included under the term epibasidium, Martin emends Donk’s term metabasidium, thus restricting it to metabasidia that arise from probasidia that remain morphologically distinct. A few questions remain to be considered.

Beschreibung: Cucumis anguria L., the “West India Gherkin” or “Bur Gherkin”, is a cultigen known to have occurred in the West Indies in a cultivated or more or less adventitious state since before 1650 when the first accounts of this plant were published (1, 2). The occurrence of a single species of this old world genus — which is mainly African but extends through South West Asia to India — in America, combined with the fact that it is almost exclusively found in cultivation or as an escape, makes one feel suspicious about its being truly indigenous in the New World. Naudin (4) discussed the history of this plant and suggested that it was originally introduced from West Africa whence negro slaves were brought to the New World. However, he admittedly did not know any wild African species of Cucumis which resembles C. anguria sufficiently to deserve consideration as its probable ancestor.

Beschreibung: Thallus epilithieus, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, late expansus (usque ad 1 m latus), sat crassus, griseus, laevigatus, subnitidus, pseudocyphellis punctiformibus verruculiformibusque, albis, numerosis instructus, zona marginali laete viridi cinctus, K sordide aurantiacus, Ca et KCa immutatus; cortex chondroideus, decolor, 20—25µ crassus, ex hyphis intricatis horizontalibusque formatus; gonidia viridia, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia, zonam circ. 60 µ crassam formantia; medulla stuppea, ochroleuca, crystallos includens, J caerulescens. Apothecia lirellina, semi-immersa, subrecta vel flexuosa, repetitodichotomo-furcata, 0,2—0,3 mm lata, circ. 20 mm longa, radiatim ordinata, apicibus attenuatis; discus planus vel concavus, epruinosus, niger, opacus; margo tenuis, integer, discum leviter superans ad basin non aut leviter constrictus; hymenium 120 µ altum, decolor, purum, J-; hypothecium 40—45 µ crassum, laete coloratum; epithecium laete fuligineum; excipulum integrum, fuscofuligineum; labia divergentia, integra, omnino thallo vestita; asci 8-spori, cylindrici, membrana tenui, ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae uni- vel biseriales, muriformes, brunneae, ellipsoideae, 8—9 X 14— 16 µ, septis transversalibus 3, septis verticalibus 1, membrana tenui cinctae; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, ad apicem non incrassatae, arcte cohaerentes.

Beschreibung: Pendant un séjour de trois semaines à Roscoff au mois d’avril 1957, un Sphacelaria stérile était trouvé plusieurs fois dans les grottes et sur les parois verticaux ombragés et sous les surplombs du littoral supérieur qui ne pouvait pas être déterminé avec certitude, mais dont les caractéristiques correspondaient à ceux de Sphacelaria britannica Sauvageau. Il était trouvé fructifiant sur des pierres au pied du vieux quai (côté nord) du port de Roscoff, de sorte qu’on pouvait l’identifier avec certitude. Cette espèce n’a pas été rapportée pour les côtes françaises par Hamel (1931—1939, p. 251); je n’ai pas pu trouver non plus des mentions dans la littérature plus récente.