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  • Articles  (47,828)
  • 2015-2019
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944  (21,886)
  • 1930-1934  (25,942)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2018-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.83 (1942) nr.1 p.147
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Of the family Oenotheraceae the genus Jussieua is the only one occurring in Suriname. The peculiar Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb., which has been recorded from Amazonian Peru, Brazil, British and French Guiana, Cuba and Santo Domingo, has up till now not been collected in the colony, but on account of its presence in the neighbouring countries it is there also to be expected. As for the name of the only Suriname genus, it was spelled by LINNAEUS in Genera Plantarum, ed. I (1737), p. 126, Jussieua but afterwards in his Flora Zeylanica (1747), p. 75, changed in Jussiaea.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 3
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.80 (1942) nr.1 p.293
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Among the Acanthaceae grown in the glasshouses of the University Botanic Garden, Utrecht, a plant labelled Aphelandra velutina drew my attention, first, because it obviously belonged to an entirely different genus, and secondly, because a description under this name could nowhere be found. The coincidence of these two grounds for bewilderment might be explained by assuming that Aphelandra was merely a perversion, probably caused by the inadvertency of a transcriber, of the true generic name. This sounded plausible enough, but the name itself could not be found, for all attempts to refer the plant to one of the existing genera failed. It looked as if the plant might have been described somewhere, but for the time being there was no indication at all as to the whereabouts of this description. A clue to the origin of the name was obtained some time afterwards when I found in the Utrecht herbarium a specimen belonging to the same species which was labelled Eranthemum velutinum: the specific epithet, therefore, was the same, but the generic name was different and, as I will show presently, nearer to the mark. The specimen, which dated from 1922, had been collected by the roadside in the Buitenzorg suburb Kotta Paris, and had apparently been named by an official of the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens. It is, however, certainly no native Javanese plant, for the flora of Java, and particularly that of Buitenzorg, is well known, and a rather conspicuous plant like this one could not have escaped the attention: it was obviously a runaway from one of the neighbouring gardens.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 4
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.64
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In einem jüngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): ”Pylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman‘, dass Linné die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westküste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb für P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. Für P. litoralis sensu Kylin schlägt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.“ Bei meinen Untersuchungen über Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. Für die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gründen. In der Literatur hatte man nämlich die im allgemeinen auf den gröberen Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend möglich zu verändern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte übertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des näheren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Anne Antoinette van Bosse, fille de M. Jacob van Bosse et de Mme Jaqueline Jeanne née Reynvaan, naquit à Amsterdam le 27 mars 1852. Très jeune encore elle perdit sa mère; sa soeur, son ainée de 10 ans, prit sa place aussi bien qu’elle put. Outre cette soeur elle avait trois frères. Selon l’usage de cette époque les familles aisées n’envoyaient pas leurs filles à l’école, ainsi Anna van Bosse reçut à la maison son instruction par une institutrice de nationalité suisse. La botanique et la zoologie furent d’emblée ses branches préférées; les fréquentes visites au jardin zoologique ”Artis“ y contribuèrent pour une grande part. l’Observation des animaux exotiques lui procurait un grand plaisir et jusqu’à présent elle porte un grand intêret à ”Artis“.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 6
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.81
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Summarizing, it appears that Eucommia has the greatest number of characters in common with the Urticales. This is shown by the similarity of the inflorescences as well as by the unisexual flowers and the dioecy. In both groups the pistil consists of 2 connate carpels and the ovary is usually 1-celled by abortion, while the stigmata are generally papillate. Further general points of relation with the Urticales are the originally spiral phyllotaxis, which becomes later on pseudo-distichous, simple vessel perforations, libriform with bordered pits, unicellular hairs and the occurrence of calciumcarbonate and silica as well as of latex elements. Yet, it seems difficult to indicate any particular family in the Urticales to which Eucommia should be most related. While the fruit recalls Ulmus and the latex elements Urtica and Cannabis, the spirally thickened vessel walls remind us of some Morus species. In addition, Eucommia is isolated by the facts that in the Urticales the perianth is never entirely wanting, that there is only one ovule in the cell of the ovary, that stipules are very frequent, that calciumoxalate is characteristic (it is wanting in Eucommia) and that the superficial suberization is subepidermal in the Urticales and epidermal in Eucommia. After the Urticales the Euphorbiaceae-Hippomaneae seem to be the nearest of kin, on account of a number of anatomical and morphological characters. However, the Euphorbiaceae usually possess a 3-celled ovary, a 2-celled one occasionally occurs in the Hippomaneae. Next follow the Hamamelidaceae which have, however, two fertile carpels but of which Distylium and Altingia show a reduction in the perianth and the latter moreover a similar leaf shape.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 7
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.68 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Il est évident qu’un pays boréal comme la Hollande ne pourrait être riche en Phalloïdées. Dans l’Europe entière même on n’a trouvé qu’un très petit nombre d’espèces, et l’on peut dire pour cause que les Phalloïdées sont une famille surtout méridionale sinon tropicale. Dans la littérature on trouve environ 6 (ou 7) espèces mentionnées pour l’Europe [p. e. LLOYD, 25c, p. 72], Parmi celles-ci quelques unes sont limitées à la région méditerranéenne, quelques autres ne sont signalées que çà et là comme des trouvailles plus ou moins accidentelles ou rares. Deux espèces seules se rencontrent régulièrement en quantité plus considérable et en plusieurs endroits de l’Europe centrale et occidentale. Aussi ne faudrait-il pas la peine de consacrer une étude spéciale aux Phalloïdées des Pays-Bas, s’il n’était arrivé qu’une des Phalloïdées les plus rares de l’Europe a été trouvée déjà deux fois en Hollande. D’autre part il y a sur les Phalloïdées des Pays-Bas des renseignements qui appartiennent sans doute aux plus anciens qu’on en connaisse. Ils se trouvent répandus çà et là dans de la littérature peu accessible ou rare. Plusieurs auteurs y ont consacré des mémoires, mais souvent sans avoir examiné les publications originales. Par suite il reste encore quelques contradictions à résoudre.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 8
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.65 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: The Netherlands is to be congratulated in having available within its borders such an outstandingly important collection of historical botanical material as that preserved in the Rijks Herbarium at Leiden. To a greater and greater degree the importance of this great assemblage of botanical specimens becomes manifest as critical work is done on it and on the corresponding collections in other botanical centers, and as various natural groups are treated monographically. In many groups of plants, particularly those represented in the Netherlands East Indies, the Rijks Herbarium is the court of last resort in determining the exact status of many hundreds of described species, because in this collection are deposited the actual types of the very numerous species described by REINWARDT, BLUME, KORTHALS, MIQUEL, BÜSE and other pioneer botanists who did the original basic work on the exceedingly rich flora of Malaysia. In addition to these early botanical collections the institution contains a most important series of specimens collected within the past half century in all parts of Malaysia, extending from Sumatra to New Guinea and including the Philippines. It is an almost hopeless task accurately to indentify these recent collections without reference to the vast stores of historical material preserved in Leiden. While it is true that extensive collections of Malaysian plants are to be found in other botanical centers, such as Kew, the British Museum, the Paris Museum, the Berlin Botanical Garden, the Natural History Museum, Vienna, the New York Botanical Garden, the United States National Herbarium, and at such distant centers as Buitenzorg, Singapore, Calcutta, and Manila, not one of these institutions has such great wealth of historical Malaysian material as is to be found in the archives of the Rijks Herbarium. In extent, that is in the actual number of specimens of Malaysian plants, disregarding the historical aspects of the collection, no botanical institution in the world contains such a mass of Malaysian material as that preserved in Leiden. While it is true that in the past some monographs have been prepared on the basis of an actual examination of material in several institutions, much such work has been done solely on the basis of collections available in one center. The modern tendency is for botanists to go farther afield and in doing really critical work to examine the historical material preserved in the larger botanical centers. This may and usually does involve more or less travel, but many centers now provide for inter-institutional loans, while it is usually possible to secure photographs of really important specimens. Through such cooperation monographic work is rendered much more inclusive, more valuable, and more accurate than in those cases where a monographer has based his work largely or wholly on the collections in one institution; and where his knowledge of those species not represented in his own institution was gained from the descriptions alone. It is axiomatic that no monographic treatment is fully satisfactory unless it is actually based on comprehensive collections where the author, through one means or another, has been able critically to examine actual specimens of most or all of the species considered by him, including as far as possible the actual types on which the original descriptions were based.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 9
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.62B (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: De stichting van ’s Rijks Herbarium kwam tot stand bij Koninklijk Besluit van 31 Maart 1829 (zie Bijlage 1). De basis voor ’s Rijks collecties werd gevormd door de verzamelingen van BLUME, KUHL en VAN HASSELT, en ZIPPELIUS, welke door BLUME uit Nederlandsch-Indië waren meegebracht, terwijl BLUME zelf tot Directeur van het Instituut werd benoemd. De rijke, grondleggende collecties voor de studie van de flora van Nederlandsch-Indië — het Rijks Herbarium — zou in een gebouw te Brussel worden ondergebracht en bij schrijven der Regeering der Stad Brussel No. 670 van 23 Febr. 1830 werd aan BLUME meegedeeld, dat zoodra mogelijk in het Koninklijk Athenaeum de noodige vertrekken tot provisioneele opberging van het Rijks Herbarium ter beschikking zouden worden gesteld. Bij zijn benoeming tot directeur werd aan BLUME een bijzondere onderscheiding verleend, n.l. de titel van Hoogleeraar en toekenning van een ridderorde. Hoewel BLUME’S vertrek uit Indië misschien niet geheel vrijwillig is geweest (zie SIRKS 1915, Indisch Natuuronderzoek p. 141), had hij als eerste directeur van den tuin te Buitenzorg zich zeer verdienstelijk gemaakt en zich doen kennen als een uitstekend botanicus en energiek man. „BLUME’S ijver en werkkracht ten bate van den Plantentuin te Buitenzorg ontwikkeld, tijdens de 4 jaren waarin hij het directeurschap bekleedde, waren buitengewoon.” (TREUB 1892, Korte geschiedenis van ’s Lands Plantentuin p. 8). De catalogus van den Hortus Bogoriensis en de Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indië leggen getuigenis af van zijn werkijver en arbeidsvermogen.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 10
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.4 (1931) nr.1 p.401
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Au printemps 1929, j'entrepris de dresser la carte d'une partie des Alpes Bergamasques, partie limitée à l'Est par celle que Jong a traitée. La frontière méridionale est formée en partie par la Valsassina jusqu'à Cortenova, en partie par la faille du Val Torta-Baiedo (Baiedo se trouve à 1½ km au SSW d'Introbio). De Cortenova à Premana le Val Rossiga et le Val Marcia séparent mon terrain de celui de mon collègue Buning. Vers le Nord il s'étend jusqu'au Val Varrone et jusqu'à la crête qui va vers la Bocchetta di Trona, en passant par le Pzo. Cavallo et le Pzo. Melasc. Diverses circonstances ne m'ont permis de terminer mes travaux de mise en carte définitive qu'au cours de l'été 1931.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 11
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.255
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Diese Arbeit enthält die Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten aus den Asphaltgesteinen der Insel Buton, sowie Bemerkungen über schon bekannte Species. Wie überall im ostindischen Archipel ist auch hier K. Martin vorangegangen, indem er 1933 und 1935 insgesamt 35 neue Arten beschrieben und abgebildet hat; diese Anzahl hat sich jetzt bis auf 86 vermehrt. Die hier behandelten Fossilien empfing ich z. T. aus den Sammlungen des Geologischen Institutes der Universität Amsterdam; einen kleinen Teil dieser Sammlung hat Prof. H.A. Brouwer von der Direktion der „Mijnbouwmaatschappij Boeton” erhalten, ein anderer Teil wurde diesem geologischen Museum geschenkt von Herrn Dr. W.P. de Roever, dessen Vater, Herr J.W. de Roever, damals Inspektor der „Stoomvaart-Maatschappij Nederland”, die Fossilien während eines Aufenthaltes auf der Insel Buton aus gleicher Quelle empfing; von beiden Sammlungen ist der genauere Fundort nicht bekannt. Dr. C.O. van Regteren Altena hat die obenerwähnten Mollusken zuerst durchgesehen, konnte diese Arbeit aber nicht beenden und überliess mir das Material zur weiteren Bearbeitung, dabei auch seine Notizen freundlichst zu meiner Verfügung stellend. Es war für uns beide von Interesse, unsere palaeontologischen Ergebnisse auf diese Weise durch Vergleich an einer und derselben Sammlung indopacifischer Mollusken nachprüfen zu können und ich danke Herrn v. Regteren herzlich für diese Gelegenheit zu einem regen Gedankenaustausch. Dass ich diese Arbeit luiternehmen konnte, verdanke ich selbstverständlich auch der Freundlichkeit der Direktion des hiesigen geologischen Institutes.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 12
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.651
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The number of fossils that have been described from the Netherlands Territory in America is not very large. The descriptions are, however, scattered over a rather large number of publications, many of which will be found only incidentally by a reader who occupies himself intensely with the geological literature on the Antilles. It has therefore seemed to me to be a useful work to gather the data on these fossils as completely as possible, and the making of this catalogue has been especially agreeable to me, as a very large part of the fossils under discussion have been collected by Prof. Martin, in whose honour this book is edited. Some remarks may precede the catalogue.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 13
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.156
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Phillipsia? parvula Beyrich. — Perm. Timor, lit. 1, p. 87, t. 2, fig. 17a, 17b; Perm. Timor et Rotti, lit. 3, p. 89. Neoproetus indicus Tesch. — Carbon. Sumatra, lit. 11, p. 1082; lit. 30, p. 6; lit. 37, p. 610; Perm. Timor, lit. 38, p. 128, t. 178 (1), fig. 1—5.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.92
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Notwithstanding the fact that representants of this group were already known to Prof. C. G. Ehrenberg, the great micropaleontologist of the first half of the 19th century and subsequent authors have mentioned them from various localities, they have remained almost unknown. Their organic nature too has not always been recognised. In 1843 Prof. Ehrenberg referred them to his group „Polygastern” with the name Actiniscus; in his „Microgeologie”, however, they were considered as inorganic bodies and mentioned as „Crystalldrusen"", „Seheibensternchen"" or „Crystalloids"" (Bibl. 2, p. 115, p. 156, etc.). Very accurate descriptions of these forms are given by Mr. Hill from Barbados, where they are found in the calciferous oceanic deposits lying under the famous Radiolarian deposits in the marls directly overlain by the raised coral reefs (Bibl. 4, p. 177 & 216). He called them „crystalloids"".
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.121
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In 1928 maakte J. Cosijn, als eerste Leidsche student, een begin met de detailkaarteering 1:25000 van een deel der Bergamasker Alpen. Thans is dit werk zoover gevorderd, dat een strook tusschen het Lago di Como en het Ogliodal vrijwel geheel gekaarteerd is. Dat bij zoovele onderzoekers verschil van opvatting over het bepalen van stratigrafische grenzen heerscht, valt niet te verwonderen. Zoo ontstonden feitelijk drie groote problemen, t. w.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.12 (1942) nr.1 p.251
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: La région étudiée est située dans les montagnes du Liban, à cheval sur le Liban Sud et la plaine de la Békaa et s’approche des contreforts de l’Anti-Liban (Fig. 2, p. 256, Fig. 3, p. 260). Cette région fut choisie parce qu’elle s’étend sur un terrain géologiquement fort intéressant et parce que le fond topographique venait d’être levé. Elle couvre la région haute du Liban Sud, de l’un à l’autre bord, déborde un peu à l’Ouest sur le plateau cénomanien côtier et pénètre largement à l’Est dans la Békaa. Dans la région haute le Crétacé inférieur est exceptionnellement développé et riche en faune et le Jurassique y constitue la longue crête du Djebel Barouk. Dans la Békaa se trouvent les termes plus élevés de la série stratigraphique; Cénomanien, Turonien, Sénonien et Eocène, de sorte que toute la série, depuis le Kimmeridgien jusqu’à l’Eocène compris, est représentée.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.202
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The Pasoemah region S of the Goemai Mts. in W. Palembang is largely occupied by Quaternary volcanics, which form a sharply dissected plateaulike country, whose surface gradually slopes downward in an ENE direction from ± 1000 m to ± 300 m above sea-level, conformably to the courses of the Selangis and Lematang Rivers above their point of confluence. Where the Lematang River unites with the Moelak River, the acid welded tuffs of the Pasoemah highland, to which attention will be drawn in this paper, are cut off by a steep bluff, formed undoubtedly by retrogressive erosion, which was substantially facilitated by the presence of vertical cleavage planes in the rhyolitic tuff series. In the Goemai Mts., described elsewhere in detail by K.A.F.R. Musper (1937) and also dealt with by the present writer in a previous paper (J. Westerveld, 1941), a core of strongly folded lower-Cretaceous sediments, cut by various intrusiva, is covered unconformably by a steeply tilted series of Eogene or old-Miocene andesitic tuffs and breccias, the Lower Kikim tuffs, which again are covered with slight unconformity by the old-Miocene Upper Kikim tuffs or basal section of the Batoeradja-Telisa series. The base of the Pasoemah volcanics is generally formed by the S-ward dipping Telisa beds or upper part of the latter series; a monotonous sequence of Globigerina marls and shales with intercalated andesitic tuffs and breccias, layers of glauconitic sandstone, platy or concretionnary limestones, and occasional horizons with plant remains. Below the Quaternary tuff mantles this series unquestionably merges S-ward into the late-Miocene Lower Palembang beds, which only seem to be exposed quite locally at the bottom of the Selangis gorge NE of Pageralam (Musper, 1937, p. 41). The lower and thickest portion of the flat-lying, post-Tertiary, volcanic sequence is formed by welded rhyolitic tuffs, and the upper part by andesitic tuffs and agglomerates from the andesitic volcanoes, which border the Pasoemah highland on the W (G. Dempo), the S (the volcanoes of the Semendoh highland) and the E (the G. Isau-isau). Of these eruption points the Dempo volcano and the Semendoh volcanoes lie outside the map region.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 18
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.164
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Following the example of Professor K. Martin I have as far as possible used the subdivision given by P. Fischer in his „Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique”. For the stratigraphy I used the system of E. Haug: „Traité de Géologie”. Following the general custom, however, the Rhaetian is counted to the Trias and the Berriasian as formation parting the Jurassic from the Cretaceous.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 19
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.567
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Die Geologie des ostindischen Archipels hat im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte so beträchtliche Fortschritte aufzuweisen, dass es von Jahr zu Jahr schwieriger wird, den neuen Tatsachen und Erkenntnissen zu folgen. Auch die Stratigraphie der mesozoischen Ablagerungen dieses ausgedehnten Gebietes hat sich so rasch weiter entwickelt, dass selbst die neuesten stratigraphischen Uebersichten in den bekannten, zusammenfassenden Werken von Brouwer (21) und Rutten (86) heute in manchen Teilen schon wieder veraltet sind. Eine erneute Zusammenfassung dürfte daher nicht ohne Nutzen sein. Aus diesem Grunde bin ich gerne der Aufforderung nachgekommen, diese Aufgabe hier zu übernehmen, beschränke mich aber auf die Wiedergabe des heute vorliegenden Tatsachenmaterials, so verlockend es auch wäre, weitergehende Schlüsse daran zu knüpfen. Gelten doch die Worte, die K. Martin vor 24 Jahren geprägt hat, als er in seiner Schrift „Mesozoisches Land und Meer im Indischen Archipel” die erste Uebersicht über diesen Gegenstand veröffentlichte, trotz aller späteren Fortschritte auch heute noch in fast gleichem Umfange wie damals: „Das vorliegende Material genügt nicht einmal für eine rohe Skizze; denn das ausgedehnte Gebiet ist noch viel zu oberflächlich untersucht und namentlich sind negative Merkmale, aus dem Fehlen dieser oder jener Formation hergeleitet, vorläufig nur mit grösstem Vorbehalt zu verwenden.”
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  • 20
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.152
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Im Folgenden werden alle Arten, die ich in der Literatur beschrieben oder auch nur erwähnt fand, systematisch aufgezählt. Da es sich fast nur um mehr oder weniger unvollständige Röhren von Würmern handelt, lohnt es sich nicht, einzeln anzugeben, was für Reste vorliegen, so angebracht dies sonst erscheint. Noch lebende Formen sind mit einem * bezeichnet; nach meiner Ansicht fragliche mit (?).
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  • 21
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.90 (1942) nr.1 p.211
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: My revision of the Burseraceae in Pulle’s Flora of Suriname is extended here to a monographic treatment of those Burseraceous genera of which representatives occur in Suriname. Engler’s monograph of this family dates from nearly sixty years ago, and since that time many new species have been published. These additions and the large number of minor and major problems which presented themselves, doubtless justify the publication of this study. I am bound to admit however that not all problems could be solved. The present paper is divided into a General Part and a Taxonomic Part. The critical remarks concerning the whole family and its tribes are dealt with in the General Part, and those referring to the separate genera and species are to be found in the appropriate place in the Taxonomic Part; to the former is added a list of general literature, and to the latter a list of collectors’ numbers and indices of vernacular and scientific names.
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  • 22
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.79 (1942) nr.1 p.279
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In my revision of the Turneraceae for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname, I have accepted the genera Piriqueta and Turnera in the delimitation given to them by URBAN. The distinction rests on the presence in Piriqueta of a “corona” at the insertion of the petals. This corona, however, is often so weakly developed as to be almost invisible, and as moreover, the African representatives of Piriqueta appear to be more easily distinguishable from the American ones than the latter from some of the Turneras, the taxonomic importance of this organ appears to be somewhat dubious. A decision of the question, however, would necessitate a more extensive study of the genera than the demands of the present revision would justify; owing to lack of material, moreover, such a study would be impossible at the present time. The only species by which the genus Piriqueta is represented in Suriname was split by Urban in a fairly large number of varieties, of which four have been quoted by him from Suriname, namely: the var. genuina, the var. latifolia, the var. foliosa and the var. bracteolata. The var. foliosa differs from the type mostly in a more luxuriant growth and is very probably nothing but a form growing under somewhat different conditions. The bracteoles of the var. bracteolata are rather variable in size, and even in the specimen quoted by URBAN in the main not different from those found in other plants; it is not impossible that the somewhat larger size of some of them may be due to the presence of parasites. The leaves of the var. latifolia are distinctly wider than those of the type, and it is not improbable that this difference will prove constant. A study in the field, eventually supplemented by culture experiments. however, would be necessary to decide the point. For the present it is perhaps better not to lay too much stress on this rather insignificant difference.
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  • 23
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.81 (1942) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Die Frage nach der Art, wie die nordwesteuropäische Calluna-Heide entstanden ist, und wann dies geschah, wurde in den letzten Jahren erneut diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird versucht, auf Grund der Resultate pollenanalytischer Untersuchungen kleiner Moore im Heidegebiet der niederländischen Provinz Drenthe einen Beitrag zur Lösung dieses Problems zu geben. Der von uns begangene Weg wurde bereits 1931 von OVERBECK (1) *) vorgeschlagen. Dieser Autor brachte damals auch schon ein Beispiel derartiger Untersuchungen in der Bearbeitung kleiner Moore auf der Vegesacker Geest in der Nähe von Bremen: des Moores bei Lilkendey und des Garlstedter Moores. Die Erscheinung, welche hier wichtig ist, ist folgende: In den Diagrammen der Ablagerungen beider Moore zeigen sich starke Anschwellungen der Ericaceenkurve zur Zeit des Buchenanstieges, die sich wohl nicht ausschliesslich oder auch nur zum grösseren Teil auf die Produktion an Ericaceenpollen des Moores zurückführen lassen. OVERBECK hebt hervor, dass diese Tatsache eine starke Ausbreitung der Heide gegen Ende der Bildungszeit des älteren Hochmoortorfs anzeigt, also im Subboreal, das etwa der Bronzezeit entspricht.
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  • 24
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.86 (1942) nr.1 p.147
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In trying to prepare the account of the Myrtaceae for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname I soon found that a revision of the Myrtaceae of whole Guiana, especially of French Guiana, and preferably also of the Amazonian district, is necessary. The account would be of little value as long as our knowledge of the synonymy and the distribution of the species is so incomplete. The Myrtaceae of Guiana have been treated by BERG in Linnaea XXVII (1855—56) p. 1—512, XXIX (1858) p. 207—256 and XXX (1861) p. 647—713. Yet many species previously described from French Guiana, especially by AUBLET and by DE CANDOLLE, were not known to BERG. Moreover, BERG often based species on insufficient material, as has been pointed out by URBAN in his revision of the West Indian Myrtaceae in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XIX (1895) p. 563. In this publication of URBAN the synonymy of several species common to the West Indies and Guiana is cleared up (Trinidad and Tobago are included in the West Indies). Another valuable contribution is SAGOT’s too little noticed account of the Myrtaceae of French Guiana in Annales Sciences Naturelles 6.20 (1885) p. 181—198. But SAGOT apparently did not know BERG’s last publication in Linnaea XXX, in which RICHARD’s collection from French Guiana is treated. Thus SAGOT sometimes cites specimens of RICHARD without knowing that they must be duplicates of the types of one of BERG’s new species and his account remains very incomplete.
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  • 25
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.84 (1942) nr.1 p.373
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Though an excellent, critical monograph of the genus Cassipourea was published some years ago by ALSTON (in Kew Bulletin, 1925, p. 241—276), I should like to make a few remarks on the South-American species of this genus as my revision for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname III.2 has brought to light a few new facts. It will also give me an opportunity to refer to a publication of BRIQUET on some American representatives of this genus (in Candollea IV, 1931, p. 342—350), which disagrees with regard to a number of species with ALSTON’s interpretations. The species which covers the largest area is the chiefly West-Indian C. elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Formerly also a number of West- Brazilian and Peruvian specimens were referred to it, but ALSTON pointed out that these plants belonged to another species for which he introduced the name C. peruviana. A new West-Indian species, based on Broadway nr. 3841 and 4631, both from Tobago, was described by BRIQUET under the name C. Broadwayi. This species is, in my opinion, conspecific with C. elliptica. BRIQUET amply discussed the differences with C. latifolia Alston from Trinidad, but does not mention its relationship to C. elliptica. , though, in view of the latter’s area of distribution, this would have been more to the point. That ALSTON had already referred Broadway nr. 3841 to C. elliptica was apparently overlooked by BRIQUET. In opposition to BRIQUET I agree with ALSTON that no value should be set on the varieties of C. elliptica described by GRISEBACH (Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl., I860, p. 274).
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  • 26
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.85 (1942) nr.1 p.141
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Paspalum montanum HENR. nov. spec. Perennis, caespitosa, stricte erecta, ad 60 cm alta; culmi glabri, plurinodes, nodis adpresse pubescentibus; vaginae arctae vel parum hiantes, hirsutae vel villoso-pubescentes, ligula scariosa, brunnea; laminae lineares, ad 1 cm latae vel inferiores angustiores, ad 20 cm longae, acuminatae, nervo crasso praeditae; inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, e racemis paucis, in axillis barbatis, 4—5 cm longis formata; rhachis partialis subplana, leviter undulata, spiculae binatae, inaequaliter pedicellatae, altera subsessilis, altera longiter pedicellata, pedicelli glabri, subangulati; spiculae leviter sed distincte obovatae, strigosae, 2 mm longae, ad 1.4 mm latae, apice obtusae, vix vel leviter tantum acutatae, nervis haud visibilis, gluma inferior deest, gluma superior et lemma sterilis aequilongae, lemma fertilis 1.7 mm longa, badia vel brunnea, suborbicularis, distincte striato-punctata, haud nitida.
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  • 27
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.12
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In Eerbeek, in einem der schön gelegenen Dörfer der Provinz Gelderland, steht ein altes Schloss, von der Verkehrsstrasse weit entfernt, und am Bach entlang zu erreichen. Es ist das sogenannte ”Huis Eerbeek“, das Haus der Frau Dr. Weber, die Herrin im wahren Sinne des Wortes. Da können wir heute der neunzigjährigen begegnen, beim Heruntersteigen der steinernen Treppe, oder auch am Teiche, bei den Karpfen und Enten; nicht selten auch trifft man sie ihre schönen Buchenalleen musternd, durch die sie mit raschen Schritten sich fortbewegt. Täglich nach dem Mittagsmahl geht sie spazieren, manchmal um mit dem Gärtner und mit ihren Bauern etwas zu besprechen. Und was gibt es in der heutigen Zeit nicht alles auf einem Gut zu tun, das Gut, das sie mit ihrem Gatten gehütet und entwickelt hat, bei welcher Arbeit sie beide ihren grossen biologischen Interessen frönen konnten.
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  • 28
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.108
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: It needs an explanation why among the botanical papers published in this volume to honour Mrs. Weber—van Bosse on her 90th birthday a zoological contribution has been inserted. Those who have read the curriculum vitae of this wellknown botanist in the foregoing pages of this volume will not wonder, for they know that she has been keenly interested for more than half a century in the zoological work of her late husband. And so among the chorus of botanists the voice of a zoologist could hardly be missed. For many years I have enjoyed the friendship of both, and I am grateful for this opportunity to show Mrs. Weber my affection and my admiration. When contemplating an adequate theme for this paper it occurred to me that in some way or other it had to dwell on the relations between zoology and botany and as the distribution of animals is a branch of science which has always interested both Max Weber and me, I decided on the influence which the distribution of plants has on that of animals.
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  • 29
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.15
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In a tube (no 282) containing several specimens of algae collected by Dr R. E. Vaughan, Curepipe, Mauritius, in quiet lagoons at Black River Bay a few specimens of a small delicate Griffithsia occurred as an epiphyte upon Laurencia papillosa (Forssk.) Grev. Since this plant has turned out to be a not previously described species it is a great pleasure to me on the occasion of Mme Dr A. Weber—van Bosse’s 90th birthday to name it in honour of her in the hope that Mme Weber will take it not only as a proof of my gratitude for a friendship extending over many years, but also as a token of my admiration for the important contribution made by Mme Weber to our knowledge of the tropical marine algal flora, especially by her great classic work ”Liste des Algues du Siboga“.
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  • 30
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.93
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3°45’ and 5°35’ N. lat. and 126°32’ and 127°10’ E. long. The main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.
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  • 31
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw’s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique systématique de l’Université de Genève. GB. = Botanical Garden, Göteborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phanérogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha. Besides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.
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  • 32
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.62A (1931) nr.1 p.1a
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: L’Herbier de l’État fut fondé par décret royal du 31 mars 1829. Les collections de BLUME, KUHL et VAN HASSELT, et ZIPPELIUS, réunies sous les auspices de la „Natuurkundige Commissie voor Nederlandsch Indië” (commission instituée en 1820 dans le but de propager l’étude des sciences naturelles relatives aux Indes néerlandaises) servirent de base à ces collections de l’État. Le Dr. C. L. BLUME, né à Brunswick en 1796, avait en 1822 succédé à REINWARDT comme directeur du Hortus Bogoriensis, mais se vit forcé de quiter les Indes en 1826 pour causes de santé. Il fut nommé directeur de l’ Herbier de l’ État néerlandais, qui devait être fondé et établi à Bruxelles. A l’ occasion de sa nomination le gouvernement lui accorda le titre de professeur et pour l’ honorer tout particulièrement, le décora de l’ Ordre du Lion néerlandais. L’ une et l’ autre distinction étaient parfaitement motivées par les grands services que BLUME avait déjà rendus à l’ État. A Buitenzorg il avait fait oeuvre utile en dressant le catalogue du Jardin botanique. Par ses „Contributions à la Flore des Indes néerlandaises” il avait établi sa réputation de grand botaniste. Les riches collections apportées par BLUME et qui constituaient le point de départ pour l’étude de la Flore des Indes néerlandaises, mirent dès le début le nouvel Herbier au rang des grands herbiers de l’ époque, tandis que le directorat de BLUME, botaniste d’un renom établi, justifiait de grandes espérances.
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  • 33
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.66 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Le Centenaire du Rijks Herbarium de Leyde, un des plus anciens herbiers de l’Europe continentale, remet en relief l’importance des collections scientifiques de plantes séchées. Cet Herbier est d’environ 40 ans plus âgé que celui de l’État belge, conservé au Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles, constitué en janvier 1870 grâce à l’intervention énergique d’un botaniste de mérite, doublé d’un homme politique de valeur, BARTHÉLEMY DUMORTIER.
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  • 34
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.67 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: The grasses constitute a very well defined natural group of plants, but the division of this family into tribes and subtribes is a difficult problem. We know that ROBERT BROWN divided the family into the Panicaceae and the Poaceae. BENTHAM already indicated that in the former the tendency to imperfection lies in the lower flowers of the spikelets, whereas in the Poaceae the tendency is in the opposite direction, but he observes at the same time that this principle is too indefinite to serve as a practical character to recognize both groups. In combination with other characters, especially those taken from the fruits (the caryopsis, enclosed by the scales), these two groups become however more stabile. KUNTH gave us no less than 13 tribes, many of them indeed very natural and accepted in recent works. The earlier agrostologists have given a considerable importance to the presence or absence of awns on the back or on the apex of the flowering glume (lemma). We know however at present that this character, although important to recognize species, is not very valuable for the different tribes and must be used with great reserve.
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  • 35
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.69 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Since BLUME’S fundamental work of the flora of Dutch India was published, many additions of genera and species of Rutaceae-Aurantieae were made by later authors, but no attempt has been made to enumerate the species and varieties of the whole group based upon the up-to-date herbarium materials. The author has had an opportunity lately to make a tour through Europe, and on this occasion collections of principal herbaria were examined. Many pending questions were solved by investigating type specimens, and a number of new types were added to the old list. Before publishing a complete record of the study, the issue of separate articles of principally geographic standing is now in progress, and this paper forms one of this series. The following is a tentative list of species of Rutaceae-Aurantieae now definitely recorded from Dutch East Indies, with exception of certain new species which are now under investigation. From convenience, plants form British possesions in Borneo and in New Guinea, Bismark Archipelago, Solomon Islands and Portuguese Timor are included in this enumeration. The author expresses his cordial gratitude to Dr. Goethart and Dr. Henrard of the Rijks Herbarium of Leiden, and Prof. Went, Prof. Pulle and Mr. Lanjouw of the University of Utrecht for offering facility and help in executing his work at their institutions. Micromelum diversifolium MIQ. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I: 221, (1864).
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  • 36
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    In:  Verslagen en Technische Gegevens (0928-2386) vol.27 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: A list of species, subspecies, synonyms and homonyms of the subgenus Lunatipula Edwards, 1931, s.l., is presented. The distribution of each species is given in subregional quotations.
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  • 37
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.436
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Eine Zusammenstellung der fossilen Echinodermen des ostindischen Archipels gibt heute selbstverständlich auch nicht annähernd ein getreues Bild von dem wirklichen Umfange der Echinodermenfaunen, welche in den uns zugänglichen Ablagerungen dieser ausgedehnten Inselwelt begraben sind. Dafür ist die letztere noch viel zu wenig erforscht. Der älteste Vertreter der Echinodermen, den wir aus dem ostindischen Archipel zur Zeit kennen, ist eine von Dr. Tan beschriebene, aber noch nicht veröffentlichte und daher in der folgenden Liste noch nicht aufgeführte Poteriocriniden-Art aus dem Oberkarbon von Djambi (Sumatra). Präkarbonische Echinodermen sind möglicherweise aus Neu-Guinea zu erwarten, aber im ganzen übrigen Archipel scheint nach Allem, was wir heute über das Vorkommen und die Art der präkarbonischen Sedimente in diesen Gebieten wissen, die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass solche und damit vielleicht auch Vertreter der im ostindischen Archipel noch nicht nachgewiesenen Cystoidea eines Tages entdeckt würden, gering.
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  • 38
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.63
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In June 1937 the State Museum of Geology and Mineralogy at Leiden received from Mr. A.S. Dresden at Amsterdam a diamond crystal of a hitherto unknown shape. The crystal is colourless and transparent. Mr. J. Bolman determined its weight at 0.1698 g and its specific gravity at 3.4165.
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  • 39
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.715
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The author has paid a short visit to the island of Saba in the month of April 1885. Saba is the northernmost of the curved row of neovolcanic islands, which stretches from Saba towards Grenada and the Grenadines. This row of islands together with a more or less parallel, though much less marked, outer curved row of non-volcanic islands separate the Caribbean Deep from the Atlantic Ocean. The island Saba is the upper portion of a much denuded volcanic cone, which rises to a height of 850 m. above sea-level, from a depth of over 600 m. Saba lies at a distance of 4 km., from the northeastern rim of the Saba-bank. The latter forms a remarkable submarine plateau, about 2100 km² in extent. The Saba bank is very flat, and shallow, its depth being partly somewhat less than 20 m. and nowhere more than 50 m. The channel separating the bank from the island of Saba is 4 km. wide and its depth avarages from 600 to 650 m. The submarine slope of the island is steep in all directions, the isobath of 200 and of 500 m. lying at distances of no more than 1¼ and 3½ km. resp. out of the shoreline. The island covers about 16 km²; its slopes are steep in all directions, and it is surrounded at most places by inaccessible, often almost perpendicular escarpments, leaving little room for a narrow beach invariably covered with huge boulders. It stands to reason that the island is difficult of access. There is not one perfectly safe anchorage; the best anchorage is found on the westcoast in a place which is more or less sheltered from the prevailing easterly tradewinds. Rowing boats can attain the land there safely but, even in fair weather, it is rarely possible to reach the shore without getting a wetting from the breakers. From this landing-place a steep path leads to the principal settlement, called the Bottom, lying at an altitude of 215 m. This path is called „the Ladder” and hence the landing-place itself is generally known as the Ladder.
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  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.4 (1931) nr.1 p.9
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In the bay of Emmahaven near Padang (W. Sumatra) is a small coral reef. On the North side of this reef a small, sandy island occurs called Pasir Ketjil. It has lately been surrounded by brick walls, besides which a stone pier has been built in a S.W. direction (cf. fig. 1, a map of 1899 and fig. 2 and 3, the present condition). Since the building of that pier, coral sand has accumulated against it on the S-side. This reef lacks shingle ramparts. From this situation of the sandy island with regard to the reef, and from the placing of the younger coral sand accumulations (A in fig. 3), it may be concluded that the maximal wind-effect is strongest from the direction of the open sea, about S.W. Data about the wind frequency kindly supplied by the director of the Kon. Magn. Meteor. Observatorium at Batavia are given on p. 13. From these data have been derived the average wind frequencies per year (p. 15) recorded for 6, 9, 15 and 22 O'clock. The proportions of these data may be seen in the graphs fig. 4, 5, 6 and fig. 7. The monsoons do not occur in the coastal plain of Padang. The wind system in Padang is entirely dominated by land and sea wind but the sea wind is always stronger than the landwind so that it may safely be assumed that the direction of the wind of 9 and 15 O'clock predominates (maximal wind-effect). So it appears to have been the wind effect of the seawind, i. e. the product of the wind frequency given above and the velocity of the wind, about which we lack detailed data here, which we have recognised in the structure and situation of Pasir Ketjil (cf. fig. 2 and 3 with fig. 5 and 6). Although the frequency of the land wind is rather great (fig. 4 and fig. 7) its strength must be very little, for in the structure of Pasir Ketjil no influence, that can be assigned to the land wind, is apparent. We find here at the same time a confirmation of the conclusion we drew some time ago, namely that: data on the wind-frequency only (the prodominant direction of the wind) may sometimes give an indication as to the probable wind effect, but only when the wind in question is not obstructed by mountains. Finally the year-averages of the wind-frequencies of land- and seawind have been taken together in the graph fig. 8. So the part on the right side of the N.S. axis (landwind) can be practically ignored for geological considerations. The structure of the island Poeloe Pasir concurs with that of Pasir Ketjil. Along the coast of Emmahaven occur old and sligthly raised coral limestones. On plate 4 a section of this fossil reef is represented (equal scale for length and height) based on 15 seperate bore-holes; the data have been published by professor Sluiter. From this valuable section we may gather the following particulars: I. The reef has not grown on a rocky volcanic substratum or against the andesitic coastal lavas, but rests entirely on the muddy bottom of the bay, as is also the case with the reefs in he Bay of Batavia, the Thousand-Islands, and the Spermonde Archipelago. II. On the silty bottom rests a layer wherein mud and coral débris have been found. This shows that, in the innitial stage, only a few, branched coral species could grow while the vigorous sedimentation of silt was going on. III. These branched corals gradually attained to larger numbers and formed the basis for the actual, more cohesive reef, which was recognised in the drillings as „coral débris, branched type.” Just as with the reef near Krakatoa (bibl. 5) which grew under the unfavourable influence of strong sedimentation, and with the fossil corals of the Domaring and Menkrawit layers of E. Borneo, which grew under similar circumstances, we see here also that the branched types of growth (unfortunately we are not able to furnish a statement of genera in this case) are the pioneers. In the later, further stages of development of the reef, it is these types again that grow on the outside of the reef (see section of bore holes 9—12). IV. Only in the older stage of development of the reef, bigger globular coral growths appear by the side of the branched varieties. This is again shown by a different indication in the section. V. Later on, to all probability the reef was then already dead and „raised”, hill side waste has fallen over it (section of bore hole 3 and 4). VI. For the sake of clearness I have circumscribed the real, more compact reef with a thick line. Thus it is clearly shown that the basis of the reef, especially in the centre, lies deeper than the adjacent bottom of the bay. Sluiter has tried so explain this by supposing that the reef, when once it was growing into a compact mass has, to a certain extent, gradually sunk into the bottom of the bay. The same phenomenon was noticed while drilling on small islands in the bay of Batavia (bibl. 2). Incidentally I have already pointed out that: „this may be caused „for a large part by aggradation of the bottom as the rivers always „bring a large quantity of silt into the bay.” (bibl. 3, pag. 40). In reality sinking of the reef as well as aggradation of the bottom by a supply of silt in the bay, have probably taken place. Judging from the available data it does not seem possible to me to ascertain the extent of their respective influences. But, the configuration between bore-holes 12—14 and 3—5 of the section given here, as well as the structure and the situation of the island Edam in the bay of Batavia (see bibl. 2, fig. 3) seem to me to point to a real sinking of the reef into the soft bottom. The opportunity to pay a short visit by motor launch to the neighbouring island Poeloe Pisang (besar 1)) happened to present itself (see fig. 9). Against a nucleus of volcanic rock there is, at the South and East side, a plateau of coral limestone bordering on the sea. Part of this limestone has disappeared, probably, in consequence of the marine erosion. In this way a wave-cut rock bench has developed, which, however, is still situated above the normal low-water mark (see section fig. 10). At high tide sea covers this rock bench; the line to which the water then extends is marked by a „storm” rampart of fine white coral shingle. In this area there occur also erosion canals, simmilar to those of Tji Laoet Eureun (S. coast of Java) described at length by Dr. J. Cosijn and the present writer (bibl. 8). See Pl. 2, fig. 13 (breakers in the distance). If we suppose that the reef had originally grown to the level of normal low-water mark, then it follows from the present situation that the amount, either of the sinking of the level of the sea or of the rise of the level of the land, must have been between 3 and 5 metres. The exact determination of this amount was not possible because at the spot where it could have been ascertained best i. e. close to the nucleus of the island, observation was obstructed by débris that had fallen down. We are brought to a simmilar conclusion in Emmahaven itself where in some places (see Pl. 3, fig. 14) effects of abrasion are still to be seen above the present level of the sea. So these observations again support Daly's theory of a recent world wide sinking of the ocean-level.
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  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.461
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In the following list of fishes and reptiles, known to occur as fossils in the Indoaustralian Archipelago, I have chiefly followed Smith Woodward (Bibl. 18) for the taxonomy. The teleosts, however, have been arranged according to Boulenger (The Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VII, 1904), with some slight alterations. I have not strictly followed the rules of zoological nomenclature and f. i. not changed Macrurus into Coryphaenoides. Palaeontologists are more conservative in this respect, and probably they are right.
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  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.12 (1942) nr.1 p.195
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein ausführliches Resumé einer Arbeit in holländischer Sprache dar: „De geologie van het westelijk deel van het Heuvelland van Monferrato tusschen Turijn en Murisengo”, Dissert. Leiden, Augustus 1941 2). Das bearbeitete Gebiet ist bisher, namentlich in tektonischer Hinsicht, nur oberflächlich untersucht worden. Störungen wurden nie erwähnt, Profile waren nur spärlich vorhanden. Da sich die Stratigraphie als ausserordentlich interessant erwies, sobald die feineren Merkmale in einer Karte eingetragen wurden, wie es hier geschah 3), konnte zum ersten Mal ein Schema der sedimentären Genese für einen erheblichen Teil der Berge von Monferrato aufgestellt werden.
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.4 (1931) nr.1 p.123
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Parmi toutes les zones non encore étudiées des Alpes Bergamasques, ce sont surtout les Valle del Bitto di Albaredo e di Gerola qui m'ont attiré, attendu qu'ils présentent une région des Alpes Bergamasques encore complètement négligée jusqu'à présent, à savoir: la zone cristallophyllienne de la Catena Orobica. Un autre attrait pour moi a été le fait, que, avec la mise en carte de cette région la première section transversale des Alpes Bergamasques devenait une chose faite. Cette section transversale englobe du mord au sud les zones étudiées par Klompé (72), Jong (71), Cosijn (28) et Hofsteenge (57). Cependant ces raisons-ci n'étaient pas les seules, à motiver la mise en carte de la zone cristallophyllienne nord. En effet, la situation du terrain à proximité de la limite alpine-dinarique, présumée par divers auteurs, a été un des motifs principaux pour mettre en carte justement un des terrains situés le plus au nord à fin de trouver une solution possible à ce problème. Non seulement le travail en valait la peine parce qu'il m'était possible de contribuer à résoudre le problème des Dinarides, mais encore par le fait, que beaucoup de structures dans le cristallophyllien des Alpes Bergamasques, encore inconnues jusqu'à ce jour, purent être découvertes, et aussi, par quelques trouvailles pétrographiques qui remettaient au premier plan le problème des pseudotachylites entre autres. Néanmoins je ne nierai pas m'être trouvé exposé à de multiples déceptions, vu qu'il me fut fréquemment impossible de pénétrer plus avant dans la stratigraphie des couches pré-permiennes des Alpes Bergamasques, déceptions d'autant pins grandes en raison de la monotonie que comportent les travaux de la mise en carte dans la région cristallophyllienne. Le travail sur le terrain fut fait au cours des étés de 1930 et de 1931. Dans le but de construire un schéma de la tectonique des Alpes Bergamasques dans ses rapports avec le problème des Dinarides, on fit plusieurs excursions dans les parties Est et ouest des Alpes Bergamasques au cours des étés de 1929, 1930 et 1931, alors qu'une excursion géologique générale, organisée par l'Université de Leyden en 1930 me fournit l'occasion de faire plus amplement connaissance avec quelques régions porphyriques, situées entre le lac du Côme et le Lac Majeur. Pendant l'été de 1931 mon attention fut attiré en outre plus spécialement par la zone insubre de Cornelius. Les multiples localités décrites par lui furent visitées, surtout entre Sondrio et le lac de Côme, alors que plus à l'Est il fallut se contenter de quelques excursions d'orientation superficielle. A la fin de ce travail, dans l'aperçu tectonique des Alpes Lombardes on s'est efforcé de donner un compte-rendu aussi complet que possible de ce qui est connu des Alpes Bergamasques par rapport à la tectonique alpine générale.
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  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.82 (1942) nr.1 p.141
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: As far as I know, only three papers are dealing with Charophyta of the Netherlands West Indies. In 1858, in “Monatsbericht der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin”, BRAUN records two species from Paramaribo, viz. Nitella microcarpa A. BR. and Chara hydropitys REICHENB. ap. MOESSL. These species are also enumerated in the “Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen” (BRAUN & NORDSTEDT, 1882), in which another species is recorded from Curaçao, viz. Chara gymnopus A. Br. f. curassavica A. BR., now to be named Chara zeylanica Willd. f. curassavica (A. BR.) H. et J. GROVES. The third paper is that of H. and J. GROVES in URBAN’s Symbolae Antillanae (1911), in which the last-named species is once more recorded. In 1930 Mr P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK made an excursion to Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire with the main object of studying the land and freshwater fauna. In 1936 and 1937 he again visited these islands and, moreover, a.o. the island of Margarita off the Venezuelan coast, the Venezuelan peninsula Paraguaná and the Colombian peninsula La Goajira (WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, 1940). In the various inland-waters also Algae and Phanerogams have been collected. The aquatic Phanerogams were described by VAN OOSTSTROOM (1939); the Charophyta will be the subject of the present paper.
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  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.88 (1942) nr.1 p.176
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Die Pflanzendecke unseres Landes hat während des Quartärs grosse Änderungen erlitten. Dies wird besonders deutlich beim Vergleich der limburgischen fossilen Flora, wie sie in einer vortrefflichen Arbeit des Ehepaares REID (Lit. 1) beschrieben ist, mit der gegenwärtig einheimischen Vegetation. Im allgemeinen wird die erwähnte Flora für jungtertiär gehalten, jedoch ist ihre Stelle im Pliozän umstritten. Von den ungefähr 240 Phanerogamen, von welchen sich Reste im Ton von Reuver, Swalmen und Brunssum vorfanden, sind laut der Berechnung von E. M. REID nur 12% heute indigen und 88% exotisch; mehr als die Hälfte der letzteren sind identisch mit rezenten sino-amerikanischen Arten (Lit. 2).
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.87 (1942) nr.1 p.166
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Among the most aberrant types of pollen grains found in plants which have been referred to the family Acanthaceae, are those of the genera Meyenia N. ab E. and Thomandersia Baill. Although the pollen grains were described by LINDAU under different names, those of the first genus as cogwheel-shaped and those of the latter as lenticular, they are really very similar: in both genera they are depressed globose, provided with five or more meridional grooves extending from the equator to about halfway the poles, and without clearly circumscribed germ pores. The difference between the two kinds of grains lies in the presence or absence of ribs: in Meyenia the grooves are borne on the top of ribs separated from each other by shallow depressions, whereas in Thomandersia the whole surface between the grooves is more or less evenly bent. Material of Meyenia was not yet available to me, but judged from the description the genus differs but slightly from Thunbergia L.f. sensu Lindau. In fact, the two genera have often been united. The pollen grains of Thunbergia sensu Lindau resemble those of Meyenia in the absence of germ pores and in the presence of grooves, but the latter are never meridional: as a rule, they are more or less serpentine (cf. BREMEKAMP in Rec. d. trav. bot. néerl. XXXV, 1938, pp. 142—143, fig. 2 A—G and Tab. XIII B—E).
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.10
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: L'éditeur de ce journal vient de recevoir de Mme Ruge, née Baenziger, une des plus anciennes amies de Mme Weber, la lettre suivante, qu’il est heureux de pouvoir faire imprimer ci-dessous: Ma chère Anna, Quatre-vingt-dix ans! Voilà pour la première fois dans notre amitié de longues années que je constate une indiscrétion de votre part; vous à qui l’on pouvait à bon droit reprocher un excès de discrétion tant sur le domaine de la pensée que sur celui de l’action. Et cependant, ces quatrevingt-dix ans vous ont été imposés par les puissances au dessus de nous. Certes, les années écoulées depuis la mort de votre mari vous ont placé devant line bien lourde tâche, mais d’autant plus lumineuse me semble votre vie avant ce douloureux événement. Que de multiples richesses, que de souvenirs précieux à des événements, auxquels j’ai pu prendre part. Au moment que je fis votre connaissance je me rappelle votre enthousiasme de pouvoir suivre des cours à l’université; vous et deux autres dames étudiantes parmi les premières admises à l’université. En pensées, je vous revois rentrant avec le professeur Weber d’un voyage aux Indes, votre sympathie pour les aborigènes de l’Insulinde, vos histoires savoureuses d’une réception par un prince indigène et de ses filles, votre haut estime pour un prêtre, le Rév. Père le Cocq d’Armandville et pour son travail dans l’île de Flores. Tout cela valait certes les récits habituels de voyage imprimés, souvent si longs et fastidieux. Comme je me rappelle la soirée, quand vous me racontiez de votre séjour dans l’extrême Nord à Tromsô, de votre course dans un petit bateau à partir de Vardô, piloté par un couple lappon à travers les rapides d’une rivière qui, aboutissant dans un fjord, devait vous conduire au débarcadère du vapeur, qui était sur le point de lever l’ancre pour le dernier départ de la saison vers le Sud. Encore maintenant je ressens votre tension: arrivons nous à temps, oui où non! Les provisions de voyage étaient épuisées, la vraie faim se faisait sentir, heureusement qu’au petit restaurant du port on faisait bouillir le saumon, la seule nourriture de l’endroit, mais voilà la sirène du vapeur, qui appelle d’urgence les voyageurs et empêche de goûter au saumon. Plus calmement et plus selon mon goût s’effectua l’excursion à l’île de Vlieland, que les deux couples d’amis entreprirent pendant un congé de la Pentecôte. Un char à bancs nous déposa à De Cocksdorp, le bateau-poste nous conduisit de Texel à Vlieland; en somme un voyage sans émotions et qui pourtant amena le conducteur de la chariole à nous demander s’il s’agissait pour nous autres vraiment d’une partie de plaisir.
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.47
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: An attempt has been made to subdivide a very polymorphous plant species by means of a quantitative statistical method. This method has been based upon the following working hypothesis: 1° as some morphological characters of the material, concerning e. g. the shape of the leaves, the length of the pedicels etc., show an extremely great variation, each of these characters in every specimen at hand may be stated to be in one of three (one intermediate and two extreme) conditions; 2° if a character happens to be in an intermediate condition in a relatively great number of specimens the difference between the extreme conditions of that character may be considered insignificant from a taxonomical point of view; 3° the fewer characters of two or more specimens are differing significantly (in the way mentioned), the more reason there is to consider those specimens to belong together; and, on the contrary, the more numerous the significant differences are, the more reason there is to distribute the specimens to two (or more) different groups. On the basis of this working hypothesis the material at hand, consisting of 143 specimens (all considered to belong to the Sapotaceous Planchonella sandwicensis, which was discussed in a paper by Lam), could be subdivided into two different groups. Five characters were chosen, each allowing to state one intermediate and two opposite extreme conditions. Of these the shape of the leaf proved to be a most important criterion for a subdivision. After this had been stated, a purely quantitative check was made which largely endorsed the result.
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.52
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In the winter and early spring of 1916 Mrs. Anna Weber-van Bosse at her hospitable residence near Eerbeek initiated me in the study of Freshwater Algae. For several years after that date in numerous trips all over this country I collected and studied some thousands of samples from all kinds of freshwater ponds and lakes, canals and streams. The Desmids soon drew my special attention, when an unexpectedly rich and varied Desmid flora was found in certain fens and ponds in the diluvial and moor districts of our country.
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  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.218
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: 1. Vorbemerkungen. Lange Zeit kannte man nur eine Art dieser interessanten Gattung aus dem Obereocän der Insel Java, nämlich Buccinulum jogjacartense (Martin) [Martin, 1914, S. 142]. Vor kurzem beschrieb dann Oostingh eine zweite javanische Art, nun aus dem Pliocän von Süd-Bantam (1939, S. 117). Inzwischen hatten aber Wanner und Hahn (1935, S. 250) zwei Arten dieser in der rezenten indopacifischen Fauna nicht vertretenen Gattung als eine Art beschrieben und sie ausserdem unter die Gattung Siphonalia eingereiht. Dank der Freundlichkeit von Herrn Prof. Wanner erhielt ich die Originale dieser Arten zwecks weiterer Untersuchung und konnte dabei feststellen, dass die Beschreibung, welche seinerzeit zwei Arten unter einer einzigen zusammenfasste, nicht zutreffend war. Ferner liegen mir noch mehr Arten vor aus dem Miocän der Insel Sumatra und Borneo, die in holländischen Sammlungen (generisch unbestimmt) vorhanden waren; nach eingehender Prüfung liessen sich weitere Arten darunter nicht nachweisen, sodass die Resultate sich in vorliegender Mitteilung zusammenfassen lassen.
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  • 51
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.189
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: As early as 1863 Sorby proved that pitted pebbles are the result of solution at the points of mutual contact in a conglomerate. As cause he suggested solution under pressure in saturated, stagnant groundwater by what has afterwards been designated Riecke’s principle. By the examination of polished cuts through a pitted conglomerate I found confirmation of this hypothesis. The alternate explanation by Daubrée, Kumm and others of solution in water held by capillarity at the points of contact could not cause the observed shapes of the pits. The experiments they used to disprove Sorby’s view are fundamentally incorrect. They attempted to form pits by a solvent liquid, instead of using pressure and saturated water. Groningen, November 1942.
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  • 52
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.334
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: 1) Examining the Semper-collection of mollusca from the Philippines kept in the Leyden Geological Museum, I met with some generic undetermined specimens of a representative of the genus Atopodonta (from Tertiary strata only rarely recorded), all belonging to one and the same species, which appeared never to have been described before. This genus 1) is known from the Eocene of the Paris basin represented by two species, viz. the typespecies Atopodonta conformis (Deshayes), 1860 [Deshayes,. Anim. s. vert., I, p. 419, plate 28, fig. 14—16 (“Venus”); Cossmann, Catal. ill., I, 1886, p. (98— 100) 99, plate 6, fig. 3—6 (excl. plate 8, fig. 3—4)] and A. tapina Cossmann, 1886 (l.c., p. 100, plate 6, fig. 7—9). These are the only European species. In 1941 I was in a position to describe the first Neogene representative that is known, strange enough this time from the Younger Miocene of Eastern Borneo; and only some time ago I recognized a second species in a collection of mollusca from the Older Miocene Rembang-beds of Java. To these scarce data the shells of the Semper-collection form a welcome addition.
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.4 (1931) nr.1 p.321
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Le terrain étudié (fig. 1) est formé de roches métamorphiques pour plus de la moitié; le reste est formé de sédiments variant du Permien au Trias Inférieur, et de roches appartenant à la culmination éruptivocristalline du Cimone di Margno. Le relief du paysage présente en général des pentes douces. Au point de vue morphologique on trouve comme endroits intéressants: la Valsassina, qui est une ancienne vallée à glacier en partie comblée d'éboulis; les restes des vallées à glacier dans la Val Marcia et dans la Val Muggiasca; les deltas de déjection très étendus près de Dervio et de Bellano; et enfin 1’ ”Orrido” près de ce dernier endroit. Près de Taceno on trouva un exemple de déplacement de vallée. Sur le versant Sud du Margno le champ de blocs d'éboulis du Verrucano est remarquable par ses dimensions. Quelques lignes tectoniques apparaissent elairement dans la topographie du terrain: la vallée de la Varrone, entre Premana et Pagnona suit exactement la limite entre les gneiss-chiari et les roches de paramétamorphisme. Sur la culmination du Margno des fenêtres géologiques se formèrent par l'emport de la couche sédimentaire par la Rossiga, le Biagio, et la Marcia. Il n'y a pas de transition graduelle de la ligne de partage des eaux entre la Val Varrone et la Val Pioverna, qui passe par la Cima d'Olino et le Cimone del-Margno, à celle du Monte di Muggio. L'interruption, qui est sans aucun doute en corrélation avec la construction tectonique du terrain, est encore beaucoup plus nettement visible sur le versant Nord du groupe de la Grigna. Les modifications les plus importantes apportées par l'auteur aux cartes géologiques déjà existantes, consistent eu l'indication de Servino sur le Cimone di Margno, en des modifications de la limite Permo-Werfénienne, en le relevé de nombreux charriages sur le versant Sud du Muggio, en la délimitation des gneiss-chiari, et en le répérage d'un système d'imbrication dans la Val Marcia. Les roches métamorphiques du terrain étudié appartiennent pour la plupart aux roches de paramétamorphisme. Celles-ci se subdivisent en: 1. Schistes et gneiss micacés à quartz et à feldspath; 2. Quartzites; et 3. Roches amphibolitiques. D'une façon générale ces roches sont faciles à distinguer du groupe des gneiss-chiari, qui doit être considéré comme faisant partie des roches d'orthométamorphisme. Au microscope, ces dernières se caractérisent surtout par l'absence presque complète d'ingrédients mafiques et par leur structure en reliquat hypidiomorphe. La teneur en biotite, en chlorite ou en amphibole donne aux roches de paramétamorphisme une couleur plus foncée, et leur richesse en mica les rend plus schisteuses. Leur granulation aussi est en général plus fine. Les formations cristallines de la culmination du Margno occupent une place spéciale: elles se distinguent surtout par leurs structures en crible ou poecilitiques frappantes. L'examen pétrographique des gneisschiari a démontré que l'on se trouve souvent devant des proportions très variables de quartz, de feldspath et de muscovite. Les fenêtres de la Marcia, de la Rossiga et du Biagio présentent des roches éruptives. Elles sont du type abyssal et hyp-abyssal, dont font partie l'aplite, le granit, la granodiorite, la quartzdiorite, la diorite, la (q'uartz)porphyr(it)e et la kersantite amphibolique. Il ne se rencontra guère de formes effusives. Les pseudo-tachylites trouvés sur un plan de charriage dans la Val Biagio sont très intéressants, de même que le granit en „peau de panthère"" de la Val Rossiga. L'âge des roches éruptives est en tous cas Pré-Permien, quoiqu'il soit impossible de déterminer exactement le laps de temps pendant lequel l'intrusion a eu lieu. On vit d'abord se former une diorite biotitique ou amphibolique dense, finement grenue, et de couleur grise foncée, puis un magma quartzdioritique à granodioritique plus acide intruda, qui assimila en partie le premier, en absorbant également des fragments de substratum. La majeure partie des roches de coagulation affleurant dans les fenêtres déjà mentionnées sont des quartz- ou des granodiorites. Leur examen au moyen du microscope à polarisateur, fut complété par une détermination quantitative des minéraux contenus au moyen de la platine d'intégration de Leitz. Quelques-uns des résultats obtenus furent insérés dans la fig. 1 et dans le tableau 2. On peut en conclure que les roches doivent provenir d'un magma riche en potassium et en silicium, caractérisé surtout par la teneur très faible en sodium. Le sédiment le plus ancien que j'aie trouvé dans mon terrain est le conglomérat bien connu de Verrucano rouge à grès sernifitiques. Il faut insister sur le fait que, dans les Alpes Bergamasques, le diamètre des galets erratiques de quartz et de porphyre dépasse rarement les 20 cm. Ceci plus spécialement, pour éviter des confusions avec les conglomérats du Collio. En passant par de petits bancs de galets et des sables plus clairs, on quitte le Permien pour arriver dans le Werfénien Inférieur. Au bout d'une trentaine de mètres on passe aux marnes et aux sables bigarrés, avec par-ci par-là des couches de dolomites calcaires, du Werfénien moyen (250 m). Dans le Werfénien Supérieur je rencontrai une couche, épaisse de 20 m, de conglomérats qui n'ont encore jamais été décrits dans cet horizon. Les galets, qui peuvent atteindre jusqu'à 10 cm de longueur, sont surtout formés de quartz riche en tourmaline, mais on y trouve aussi du porphyre, quoique rare. Pour finir on rencontre une couche de ± 50 m de formations rouges et grises marneuses à quartzitiques, parmi lesquelles on voit apparaître un „Rauchwacke”. Le délavé du grès du Servino parait être d'un blanc très pur, couleur au moins aussi frappante que le brunjaune caverneux du „Rauchwacke” du Werfénien Supérieur. Je ne trouvai point de fossiles dans les dépôts décrits ci-dessus. On trouva de nombreuses formations diluviales, entr'autres près de Portone et dans le bassin de la Maladiga. Cependant, elles font toutes l'impression d'avoir été transportées par l'eau de façon à ne plus être de véritables moraines. On trouve également de nombreux galets erratiques, de même que des roches moutonnées et des stries glaciaires. Les mouvements de la glace au cours du Pleistocène eurent lieu dans la Val Varrone en sens Est—Ouest, mais dans la Val Muggiasca et dans la Valsassina en sens inverse. Près de Taceno s'y ajouta encore la partie qui, près de Pagnona s'était séparée du glacier de la Val Varrone. Les cônes d'éboulis et les deltas de déjection à l'embouchure des torrents et des rivières dans la Valsassina et dans le Lac de Côme, doivent être comptés parmi les dépôts alluviaux. Sur le versant SW de la Valsassina, entre Cortenova et Parlasco, on trouve de la brèche d'éboulis récemment cimentée, contenant des fragments de roche de couleur jaune, souvent caverneux, et atteignant parfois jusqu'à un mètre de diamètre. Les minéraux utiles ne se rencontrent qu'en quantités minimes. Seule la roche quartzique à feldspathique de Cava di Feldspato est exploitée à l'usage de la verrerie et de la faïencerie. Enfin les sources minérales de Tartavalle jouissent d'une certaine réputation, grâce à leur vertu médicinale. Au point de vue de la construction, le terrain étudié peut être subdivisé en trois parties, à savoir: 1. Le Monte di Muggio. formé presqu'en entier de roches paramétamorphiques à schistosité plus ou moins verticale. Entre Inesio et Bellano ces roches charrient en un plan assez horizontal sur une large bande de gneiss-chiari. Vers le Sud, ces derniers disparaissent en plongeant sous le paquet des sédiments du groupe de la Grigna. 2. Le Cimone di Margno, formé surtout d'une culmination éruptivocristalline, recouverte au Sud par du Verrucano, au Nord par un surcharriage de gneiss-chiari et par des sédiments très fracturés du Permien et du Trias-Inférieur. 3. La zone située entre les deux sommets, caractérisée par une série de charriages dans le cristallin, charriages qui enserrent souvent des bandes de sédiments. On a l'impression que la partie occidentale du terrain étudié a été déplacée de quelques centaines de mètres vers le Sud par rapport à la partie orientale. A l'aide de la carte et des coupes il a été fait une description géologique et tectonique détaillée du terrain. Nous voyons ainsi que dans la Val Marcia de nombreuses écailles affleurent, qui, tant à l'Est qu'à l'Ouest sont surcharriées par des gneiss-chiari. La position des formations dans la fenêtre de Premana révèle que les forces tectoniques y ont agi en deux directions: du NE et du NW. Les gneiss-ehiari du Margno et du versant Est du Muggio doivent être considérés comme formant un tout. Les différences d'inclinaison et de direction trouvent leur origine en la contre-pression irrégulière de la culmination éruptivo-cristalline du Margno. Dans la fenêtre que forme le cours supérieur de la Manda, on trouve des restes de Verrucano qui forment un tout avec les dépôts Permo-Werféniens des environs de Sasso dirotto, Alpe Ombrega et Alpe Dolcigo. Ces dépôts sont séparés tectoniquement de ceux de l'arête Margno—Cima d'Olino. La culmination éruptivo-cristalline du Margno se poursuit vers l'Est par le Monte Foppabona et par Ornica. Vers l'Ouest elle plonge sous les roches métamorphiques du Monte di Muggio. Près de la Bocchetta d'Olino (sur la limite du terrain de Crommelin et du mien) seulement, je trouvai une continuation des fractures de la culmination dans la couche sédimentaire susjaeente. Au NE de Codesino, et au Sud d'Indovero, on trouve des petites érosions torrentielles remontantes où affleurent d'intéressants microcharriages du cristallin et de sédiments du Verrucano et du Trias Inférieur. De la ligne Indovero—Narro jusqu'à Tartavalle on ne trouve que des charriages de gneiss-chiari et de sédiments; l'absence des roches paramétamorphiques est marquante. Il est probable qu'une dépression dans le substratum près de Tartavalle a rendu possible une pénétration des gneiss-chiari si avant vers le Sud. J'ai intercalé une esquisse de cette région dans le texte, vu que la végétation luxuriante en rend la mise en carte très difficile. Par contre, dans la région entre Taceno et Bellano, la grand'route et la Pioverna fournissent de superbes affleurements. Des charriages nombreux et compliqués y sont nettement dévoilés. La continuation de la faille Orobique vers l'Ouest est particulièrement intéressante. On la suit aisément jusqu'au village de Margno, mais au-delà elle se décompose en un faisceau de petits charriages orientés en sens NE—SW, qui continuent vers le SW entre Portone et Tartavalle. Entre Portone et Bellano ce n'est plus un surcharriage qui constitue la transition entre le cristallin et les sédiments. Ici en effet, du Permien recouvre des orthogneiss en contact anormal, vu les nombreuses surfaces de glissement. Dans cette zone, les orthogneiss forment un anticlinal peu prononcé dont l'axe est parallèle à la Val Muggiasca. Les différences d'inclinaison et de direction des roches cristallines permirent une subdivision de mon terrain en cinq parties. Nous n'insisterons pas là-dessus, mais nous attirons l'attention sur le fait que le Servino de l'arête Margno—Cima d'Olino forme un tout avec les dépôts peu fracturés sur le versant SW de la Valsassina. En outre une étude spéciale a été faite de la nature des charriages et des écailles. Quant à ces dernières, une modification fut apportée aux constructions suivies jusqu'à présent (cf. fig. 5). En traitant du problème du substratum, l'attention est attirée sur le fait qu'en projetant des tectonogrammes il faut tenir sérieusement compte de dislocations dans le substratum, de culminations porphyriques, etc.. Dans tous les cas, et partout où le Servino fonctionne comme facteur de glissement, des plans de charriage se sont dessinés, tant sur la limite Verrucano-Werfénienne que de l'autre côté. En outre, j'ai souligné l'importance de la présence de roches éruptives dans la culmination Orobique. En effet, elles consolidèrent le substratum de telle manière, que celui-ci put servir de tampon contre les sédiments et les roches métamorphisées venant du Nord. L'imbrication des calcaires du groupe de la Grigna est supposée avoir pris naissance au cours de l'orogenèse alpine par des glissements de sédiments des terrains cristallins ascendants du Nord, mais encore avant que l'érosion pût avoir lieu, et par conséquent juste après où encore pendant la période d'immersion. Il y eut des glissements primaires de dépôts mésozoïques supérieurs et moyens qui se déplacèrent très loin vers le Sud. Les sédiments triasiques glissèrent en même temps ou plus tard. Au cours de ces périodes d'imbrication, il ne se forma guère de zones de mylonites dans ces formations relativement molles. La présence de failles post-tertiaires, comme celle de zones de mylonites, doit être expliquée par une phase ultérieure de l'orogenèse, au cours de laquelle les charriages eurent lieu de préférence en suivant d'anciens plans de dislocation. Le paysage tel qu'il s'est finalement constitué, s'est formé sous l'influence de l'orogenèse agissant au cours de l'époque tertiaire en combinaison avec une érosion violente et ininterrompue.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.35
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In his review of the palaeozoology of Java, K. Martin could in 1919, record 49 foraminifera from tertiary strata of Java, on the strength of a critical study of the existant literature, and especially on the strength of his own studies and knowledge of the above mentioned fossils (Bibl. 49). In composing the following list of the Foraminifera I have only been able to perform such a critical study for a few families. For the greater part, however, I have had to restrict myself to recording the results obtained by others, and even therein I have been obliged to restrict myself.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.12 (1942) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Part I of this monograph has been published in volume 10 of this Journal, pp. 241—320, 1938. Preparing this second part I met with the help and assistance from many persons and institutes again, for which I express my most cordial thanks here. The figures illustrating this paper have been drawn once more by Mr. L. P. Pouderoyen, while the „Zoologisch Insulinde Fonds” supplied the cost of these illustrations.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.39
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Bei unserer Untersuchung der Geologie des Turiner Beckens veranlasste uns die dort aufgefundene Tertiärsedimentation uns mit dieser faszinierenden Erscheinung näher zu beschäftigen. Schon früher haben sich eine Reihe von Forschern mit diesem Problem auseinandergesetzt, und man muss annehmen, dass die Einteilung der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten — sedimentäre Phänomene von höchster Bedeutung — am besten genetisch zu erfolgen hat, wie u. a. Kumm (20) und Brinkmann (7) es getan haben. Dazu zwingen uns auch die geologischen Verhältnisse, auf die wir an erster Stelle mit einigen Bemerkungen über das Tertiär der Turiner Berge eingehen wollen. Wir können hier nur kurz die wichtigsten Daten und Ansichten über die Entstehungsweise bestimmter Schichtenfolgen zur Sprache bringen; für nähere Einzelheiten der hier benutzten geologischen Belege verweisen wir auf eine ausführliche Arbeit über das Turiner Tertiär: Beets (5). Mit verschiedenen Autoren verstehen wir unter Schichtung den vertikalen Material-und (oder) Texturwechsel innerhalb einer Gesteinsserie, welcher sowohl in beschränkter wie auch mehr ausgebreiteter horizontaler Richtung ungefähr gleichzeitig stattfindet (cf. auch Kumm, 20, S. 199). Brinkmann (7) gibt eine ausgezeichnete Uebersicht der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten, die man bisher beobachtet hat, und ihrer möglichen Erklärungen; so auch Dacqué (9): eine allgemeine Uebersicht. Wir wollen dann besonders jene komplexe Schichtung, die von Stamp (26) besprochen wurde, und die hier u. a. in Abb. 2b dargestellt ist, näher behandeln. Von dieser Art komplexer Schichtung bestehen manche Varianten, die zwar zuweilen als prinzipiell abweichende Typen dargestellt werden, aber u. E. die gleiche Entstehungsursache haben und nur graduell verschiedenen Genesen zugrunde liegen: Abb. 2 a—c und Abb. 4 a—b.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.70
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Crystals of the notched or grooved type are known from some minerals which crystallise in the cubic system. From diamond grooved octahedrons are known, whose grooves remind us of octahedral faces, or the faces of triakis octahedra or hexakis ostahedra. From haüynite too grooved octahedrons are pictured, whose grooves are bordered by octahedral faces. Grooved analcite is known in icositetrahedrons, the grooves are bordered by faces of the same icositetrahedron.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.611
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: A jubilee book in honour of Professor Martin is the right place for an essay on the Tertiary of the Dutch East Indies, as it was he who laid the foundations of stratigraphy in that district. The basis upon which he founded the subdivisions of the tertiary deposits has proved the firmer the more it has been tested.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.115
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Isolierte Skelettnadeln von Spongien sind aus Gesteinen der verschiedensten Formationen des Indischen Archipels erwähnt worden, sie finden sich unter anderem auch in vielen tertiären Kalken und wahrscheinlich von Süsswasserspongien herrührend in Diatomeën-Erden. Vollstandige Schwammkörper, auf deren Aufzählung wir uns hier beschränken wollen, sind bis jetzt, abgesehen von vereinzelten Funden im Jura, nur aus zwei Formationen, dem Perm und der Trias von Timor bekannt geworden.
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.690
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In the following a survey is given of what is known at present about the geology and petrology of Surinam. It must be understood that this outline cannot but be incomplete; in the first place because quantitatively our knowledge of Surinam is highly inadequate, and secondly because the same may be said concerning the insight into the geological relations between the different formations. Vast regions of Surinam have never been explored while besides in extensive areas exposures are very scarce. Interest in Geology, Mining, Topography and the research in the province of General Natural Science have directly or indirectly contributed to our knowledge. In the past century our knowledge principally grew by purely geological exploration. In this period fall Martin's operations in our Colony (1884—1885). Martin has published fundamental facts about Surinam¹). Besides Martin has given an impetus to important research performed by specialists²). After 1900 Mining-work came to the fore in connection with the Gold-industry; the topographical survey of the southern part of the Colony then also indirectly increased our stock of knowledge; of late years investigations have been multifarious.
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  • 61
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    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.89 (1942) nr.1 p.189
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: This paper contains the diagnoses in Latin of a new genus, new sections of some genera, several new species and a number of new varieties which will be dealt with by the author in English in a publication entitled: “A monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera (Burseraceae)”, to be published in Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. XXXIX, p. 211 (1942) and in Meded. bot. Mus. en Herb. Utrecht 90 (1942). Protium BURM.f. sectio Eu-Protium SWART n. sect.
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  • 62
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Lorsque, il y a une année à peu près, ma collaboratrice Mlle Joséphine Koster vint me trouver en suggérant l’idée d’éditer un volume dédié au jubilé de votre quatre-vingt-dixième anniversaire, j’acceptai sans hésitation. Cette idée m’était en effet d’autant plus sympathique que j’avais cherché depuis longtemps une occasion pour vous exprimer en public notre admiration tant pour votre personne que pour votre oeuvre. Si nous ne nous étions pas trouvés dans un temps où les contacts internationaux sont interrompus, si précieux et si indispensables pour nous autres, travailleurs scientifiques, il aurait été certainement possible d’organiser une collaboration de plusieurs pays d’outre mer. Car nous savons que vos nombreux amis auraient été heureux de pouvoir contribuer à cet humble témoignage de notre amitié et de notre vénération. Ils sont nombreux en effet, vos amis, et parmi eux se trouvent les coryfées de votre science, l’algologie. Hélas cette grande guerre, qui s’étend sur tout notre monde et qui a temporairement rompu tant de liens, nous a forcé de limiter nos invitations à quelques représentants de votre science, vivant dans notre petit continent. Ils se sont déclarés heureux de pouvoir offrir des articles en votre honneur, articles que vous trouverez publiés dans ce petit volume, supplément de notre journal “Blumea”.
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.21
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Le matériel étudié dans ce travail a été récolté par le R.P. Foreau S.J., aux environs de Shembaganur, dans les Palni Hills, entre 5200 et 6500 pieds, au cours des années 1929 et 1930. Je donnerai d’abord la liste de toutes les espèces que j’ai pu observer dans ce matériel, puis quelques détails sur celles qui peuvent présenter un intérêt particulier.
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.41
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Les Chlorophycées du golfe de Gascogne sont encore peu connues. Elles n’ont fait l’objet que d’une courte énumération de C. Sauvageau dans son travail ”sur les Algues marines du golfe de Gascogne“. J’ai repris cette étude au cours d’un séjour à Saint-Jean-de-Luz et à Biarritz, pendant le printemps de 1940. J’ai récolté les espèces suivantes: 1. Prasiola stipitata Suhr — Se rencontre dans le port de Saint-Jean-de-Luz au niveau de l’ E. marginata. Il est de petite taille, ne dépassant guère 1 cm de hauteur. Il se présente parfois sous la forme ordinaire, élargie en lame au-dessus d’un stipe uniforme; mais, plus souvent, il forme une simple languette, étroite et contournée, à aspect d’ Entéromorphe et rappelle alors le Prasiola calophylla.
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.91
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: En examinant en 1939 dans une note présentée à l’Académie des Sciences de Belgique une étude de M. Ronse, nous avons été amené à reprendre des considérations sur les mucilages des végétaux et en particulier sur ceux des algues (22; 31). Déjà en 1891, dans nos ”Observations algologiques“ nous avons examiné la nature et la structure des parois cellulaires de certaines algues et fait remarquer que la gaine mucilagineuse de Conjuguées, étudiée par divers auteurs était loin de présenter sur toute la surface d’un filament la même épaisseur. Des Spirogyra, par exemple, suivant des parties du filament, montraient une gaine nette et épaisse, ou à peine indiquée.
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    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.72
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The genus Galaxaura can in several respects be classed among the most remarkable Florideae. It is not only — with Chantransia — the genus richest in forms of all the genera belonging to the order of Nemalionales, which has more than 70 described species, it also offers, both in its interior and its exterior organization, such a high differentiation, and a tissue specialization going so far, that, as the monographer of the genus, the late Professor F.R. Kjellman (1900), said: ”it may be difficult even in the great province of the Florideae to find forms with a higher or even as high a division of labour in the tissues of the shoot...“. Even if the number of species may actually diminish with further investigations, this is in a way connected with a peculiarity of organization, characteristic of the genus Galaxaura, namely that the sexual plant of a species has quite another anatomical structure of the cortical tissue than does the tetrasporic plant. This remarkable discovery was made by Howe (1917, 1918), who had had the opportunity of studying some species of Galaxaura in the West Indies, in their natural localities. This fact was not known of any Floridea at the time Kjellman wrote his monograph on this genus in 1900. Moreover, Kjellman had a quite different conception of the position of the tetraspores during the course of development of the Florideae than the one we have nowadays formed from the results of the cytological research. To Kjellman the tetraspores or, as he called them, the ”tetragonidia“, were a kind of propagation organ with the character of ”Nebenfruktifikation“, and thus not, as we must now regard them, the reproduction bodies of the diploid generation ending the diplophase in the alternation of generations. Thus, when Kjellman in his herbarial studies found forms of Galaxaura with otherwise similar organization but with quite a different cortical anatomy, it was quite natural that he described them as new species. One of the tasks of future taxonomical research will therefore be to combine such ”species“ of Kjellman as, in reality, are only the sexual and the tetrasporic generation of one and the same species. Naturally, this problem can only be solved by a botanist who has the opportunity of studying the development of the Galaxaurae in their native localities. Finally, only cultures will be really decisive. However, the number of species of Galaxaura will certainly be reduced.
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  • 67
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.257
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in “Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief”. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands’ publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands’ Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known. The data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.
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  • 68
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.66
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: On preparing the manuscript of the Verbenaceae for Dr C. A. Backer’s ”Flora van Java” it appeared to me that — in comparison with the monographic treatments of this family by Lam (5) and by Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink (6) — several changes in the nomenclature and in the interpretation or delimitation of certain species are urgent. Although, considered in the light of more recent work on this family as it occurs in adjacent regions (2, 3, 8), a new critical revision of the Malaysian Verbenaceae seems desirable, we have to refrain from such a task, which would require a greater deal of investigation than the present author is able to afford at the time. Hence these notes are merely intended to account for the discrepancies between the treatment of the javanese species as they will appear in the afore-mentioned flora and as they are given in the recent monographs (5, 6). Still, they may prove to be a first contribution towards another revision covering the whole of Malaysia.
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.63 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: Den Wert von Bibliotheken, Archiven, Museen, Herbarien zu begreifen, ist nicht jedermann gegeben. Es gehört dazu eine gewisse belebende Phantasie, ein Sinn für Mannigfaltigkeit von Erscheinungen und eine Gabe, aus dem Vergleich verschiedener Dinge Einsicht zu schöpfen. Nicht alle Menschen haben diese drei, auch manche Botaniker nicht. Legt man solchen ein Herbarium vor, so wissen sie nichts damit anzufangen, sie fühlen sich eher abgestossen von den Pflanzenmumien, die sie erblicken. Haben sie das nötige Temperament, so erklären sie wohl frisch und frei, das ganze trockene Zeug sei nutzloser Plunder. Derartige Radikalen wird niemand umstimmen können, und es ist überflüssig, den Versuch dazu zu machen. Aber je nach Zeit und Ort wird ihre naive Kritik nachgesprochen und findet bei Urteilslosen Eingang. Wer die botanische Literatur kennt, weiss, wie oft solche Diffusion abfälliger Kritik stattgefunden hat und wie rhythmisch sie sich wiederholt. Grossen Schaden vermag sie dabei nicht anzurichten; im Gegenteil weckt sie Widerstand und löst Gegenkräfte aus, die einer gesunden Entwickelung der Herbarien förderlich sind. Denn sie hält die Selbstbesinnung darüber wach, welche Ziele dem Herbarium ganz allgemein gesteckt sind, und welche Aufgaben ihm aus dem jeweiligen Stande der botanischen Forschung erwachsen. Das Herbarium hat die Bestimmung, die Mannigfaltigkeit der Pflanzenformen uns möglichst vollständig zugänglich zu machen, weil wir sie in natura räumlich nicht übersehen können und auch in Zukunft niemals übersehen werden. Dieses Ziel ist von grösster Bedeutung und Wichtigkeit für den Menschen, sowohl theoretisch wie für die Praxis. Wir kommen ihm mit dem Herbarium näher als mit irgend welchen sonstigen Mitteln. Und dieser Umstand allein macht das Herbarium einfür allemal unersetzlich und unentbehrlich.
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Mededeelingen van 's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden (1570-3223) vol.64 (1931) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-24
    Description: The value of the great Historic Herbaria of the World – among which the Classical Rijksherbarium at Leyden, founded by BLUME, occupies a position of the first importance – seems scarcely to need emphasis in these days, when Botanists, working along so many different lines, find the collections stored in them so essential for the prosecution of their researches. When these collections were originally inaugurated they were intended to be mainly a „Hortus siccus”, a depositary of dried specimens representing the vegetation of a particular country or continent. With the widening of outlook, however, the connection of the flora of one region with that of another came to be recognised, and in the larger centres of botanical activity a Herbarium was gradually built up containing, as far as might be possible, collections representative of the vegetation of the world. With the aid of these collections the great „Floras” of the different regions of the World have been written, and from Holland, as from other countries, have emanated many early works of great importance to the Systematic Botanist and to the student of Plant Geography. Without these authentic records, as exemplified by the specimens which are the types of the scientific descriptions, the work of the Taxonomist would be of as little value as would be that of the Historian without the tabulated evidence contained in the actual historical documents.
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  • 71
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.1
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The plates I—XI contain illustrations of all the skulls and horn-cores of Bovidae from the Quaternary of the Netherlands, brought together in the National Museum of Geology at Leyden, Holland. They were all photographed with the occiputs vertical or what is thought to be vertical. They are described in the same order as figured. On the plates I—V are represented the skulls and horn-cores of the domesticated cows. Four races are distinguished among them: the brachyceros-race (fig. 1—25), the frontosus-race (fig. 26), the primigenius-race (fig. 27—41) and the trochoceros-race (fig. 42—46). The brachyceros-skulls and horn-cores have the following characteristics: a sharp angle (30°—50°) between the plane of curvature of the horn-cores and the horizontal plane, cores that are curved in one plane, a sharp angle (about 70°) between os frontale and os occipitale, a small breadth of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 2: 137—145 mm), a small index 6 (table 1), small measurements 10, 15 and 16 (table 1), a large breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 13), a small difference between the length (table 1, measurement 27) and the basal circumference of the horncores (table 1, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of brachyceros-cows are given by the figures 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 21 and 22. The skulls and cores of the figures 2, 4, 7, 15 and 24 show some affinity to the primigenius-race and those of the figures 1, 5, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 23 to the trochoceros-race. The basal parts of the cores of figure 26 are strongly curved backwards and the plane of curvature nearly coincides with the frontal plane. As the points of the horn-cores are missing, the determination is somewhat uncertain. It is, however, not impossible, that this skull belonged to a frontosus-cow. The skulls and horn-cores, which I believe that belong to the primigenius-race, have the following characteristics: the cores are (when the occiput is placed in the vertical plane) directed strongly upwards and are not curved in one plane; the min. breadth of the os frontale (table 3, measurement 2), the length of the forehead (table 3, measurement 10) and the breadth of the occiput (table 3, measurements 15 and 16) are larger than those of the brachy-ceros-cows; there is a large difference between the length of the cores (table 3, measurement 27) and their basal circumference (table 3, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of the primigenius-race are given by the figures 27, 28, 31, 33 and 34. The horn-core of figure 29 probably belonged to a young Bos primigenius. The skulls and cores of figures 30, 32 and 35 show some affinity to the brachyceros-race. The skulls and horn-cores of plate V are believed to be representatives of the trochoceros-race. They are characterized by an angle of 10°—20° between the plane of curvature and the horizontal plane, a curvature of the cores in one plane, a backward curving of the basal parts of the cores, a longer breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 4, measurement 2), a length of the forehead (table 4, measurement 10) and a breadth of the occiput (table 4, measurement 15 and 16) which are larger than those of the brachyceros-race. On the plates VI—VIII are presented the skulls and horn-cores of Bos primigenius. Comparing the measurements (see table 5) with those of males and females, as given by Adametz, it is clear, that the skulls and cores of figures 47, 48, 49, 50 and 53 belonged to males and that of figure 51 to a female. Skulls and horn-cores of Bison priscus are presented on the plates IX—XI. Among them are distinguished two different races, Bison priscus longicornis Grom. (plate IX, plate X, fig. 62, 65, 66, 67 and plate XI) and Bison priscus deminutus Grom. (fig. 63—64). The first is characterized by a large and narrow skull with long and slender cores and with a breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 133—147. A comparison with the measurements as given by Gromova makes it probable, that only the skulls of figures 60 and 63 are females whereas all the others belonged to males. Bison priscus deminutus (fig. 63 and 64) is characterized by a moderately sized skull with massive cores and with a breadth to lengthindex of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 124. The min. breadth of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 2) is only 267—286 mm. There is, however, some difference between the skull of figure 63 and the skull of figure 64. The first mentioned has a convex forehead with regular transitions in the cores; the cores are only feebly curved. This skull is supposed to have belonged to a female animal. The skull of figure 64 has a flat forehead sharply separated from the cores; the cores are much more curved. This skull probably belonged to a male bison. Table 7 gives a review of the stratigrapbical distribution of the Bovidae, here described. The specimens of Bison priscus from Bokhoven (fig. 61), Brummen (fig. 74) and Drempt (fig. 64) certainly belong to Würm Glacial and the others probably also. The specimens of Bos primigenius may be devided into three groups. Enterbroek (fig. 48) and Ammerozden (fig. 49) belong to the Würm Glacial. Lutterzijl (fig. 47), Nieuwe Merwede (fig. 50) and Terschelling (fig. 51) belong either to the Würm Glacial or to the Holocene. The others are holocene. Of these the specimen from Veghel, 2 m (fig. 54) belongs to the Boreal and those from the Mease-tunnel (fig. 52, 55, 56 and 58) and Dinther (fig. 53) to the Subboreal. The normalisation-works of the river Aa, Northern Brabant, have furnished some important data as to the stratigraphical distribution of Bos taurus. The oldest specimen, Veghel, 2½ m — (fig. 23), has been dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the upper part of the Würm Glacial, the so-called Lateglacial. However, it is not probable, that this horn-core is derived from a domesticated animal. The oldest occurrence of domesticated brachyceros-oxen are contemporaneous with the Kjökkenmöddinger culture (5000—4000 b. C.). The horn-core of Veghel, on the other hand, is of the same age as the late palaeolithic culture (before 8000 b. C.). Therefore it is much more probable, that the core belonged to a wild ox, namely Bos (Brachyceros) europaeus Adametz. By several investigators (Adametz, Antonius) this species is considered to be the wild ancestor of the domesticated brachyceros-oxen. The specimen from Veghel renders this theory more probable than the view advocated by Nehring, Duerst and Hilzheimer, who suppose, that all the races of Bos taurus, the brachycerosrace included, descended from Bos primigenius Boj. The first undoubted tame cows from the river-basin of the Aa are dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the transition from Boreal to Atlanticum. This is the beginning of the late mesolithic Kjökkenmödinger culture. The still persisting flint-industry (microliths) is associated with the first pottery. It is the time of beginning agriculture. As demonstrated by the finding of remains of Cervus elaphus L. and Bos primigenius Boj., the deer and the aurochs were formed the chief hunting quarry. In Subboreal time this district was inhabited by the so-called „urnpeople”, by who not only the brachycerosbut also the more robust primigeniusand trochoceros-cows were breeded. The district of the larger rivers is characterized by the absence of Bos taurus brachyceros, the probable presence of Bos taurus frontosus, during the Subboreal, and the presence of Bos taurus primigenius during the Boreal and Subboreal. The absence of the brachyceros-cow is probably imputable to a hiatus in the collections of the Museum at Leyden. Contrary to Bos taurus brachyceros, Bos taurus primigenius is generally considered to be a direct descendant of Bos primigenius. It is however not yet known at what time the first aurochses were domesticated. Without doubt the skull from Wijk-bij-Duurstede (fig. 27) belonged to an animal, that lived at the beginning of domestication. The frontosus-ox is not found among the fauna of the Swiss lake dwellings. However it is described by Degerbøl from the Subboreal of Denmark (Bundsø). Therefore it is probable, that the „urn-people” living along the large rivers had a different origin to the people dwelling in the sandy regions of Brabant.
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  • 72
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.356
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: 1. Es sind bisher über die merkwürdige rezente marine Gastropoden-Gruppe Thatcheria Angas, 1877 sehr wenige Gegebenheiten bekannt, vergleichende Untersuchungen mit fossilen Arten fehlen (fast) vollkommen und auch die Frage ihrer systematischen Stellung ist nie in befriedigender Weise gelöst worden. Auf Grund vergleichender Forschungen bei der Bestimmung gewisser fossiler, systematisch schwieriger, doch morphologisch einfacher ostindischer Arten glaube ich diese Frage endlich — jedenfalls zum grössten Teil — lösen zu können, dank auch der von N.B. Eales ausgeführten anatomischen Untersuchung der einzigen lebenden Art dieser „Gattung”. Angas beschrieb 1877 eine Schale der hiesigen Art, Thatcheria mirabilis von Japan; er betrachtete sie vorläufig als Glied der Fusinae. Seither ist unsere Kenntnis von Thatcheria so gut wie nicht erweitert worden (bis 1938): Tryon (Man. of Conchology, 3, 1881, S. 98, 112; Struct. a. system. Conchology, 2, 1883, S. 135), der den Typus gesehen hatte, betrachtete ihn als eine unzweifelhaft scalaroide Monstruosität, nahe verwandt mit Hemifusus [„Semifusus”] Swainson, 1840 (= Cochlidium Gray, 1850); Fischer (Manuel de Conchyl., S. 623) erwähnte kurz Tryon’s Meinung, rechnete Thatcheria also ebenfalls zu den Melongenidae. Auch Cossmann hat sich seit 1889 der Meinung Tryon’s angeschlossen (cf. Cossmann, Essais de pal., 4, 1901, S. 62, 93—94). Dann wird diese Gattung nochmals erwähnt im Jahre 1919, bloss als Merkwürdigkeit, “a monstrosity of Fusus”, der Sammlung De Burgh (Journal of Conchology, Bd. 16, 1919, S. 66). 1934 bildete Yokoyama (On Cochlioconus, S. 406) nochmals Tryon’s Figur des Genotypus ab, dabei seine fossile Gattung Cochlioconus Yokoyama, 1928 richtigerweise als Synonym von Thatcheria (nach Yokoyama neben Conus zu stellen) anführend, übrigens auf Anregung von Pilsbry. In demselben Jahr gab Hirase (Coll. of japanese shells, S. 104, Taf. 128 B, Fig. 3) eine mässig gelungene, doch noch ausreichend deutliche Abbildung eines 94 mm langen Vertreters von Th. mirabilis und 1937 wird in einer Versammlung der “Malacological Society London”, wo von Le B. Tomlin eine Schale dieser Art gezeigt wurde, entschlossen, dass sie eher einen Pleurotomiden- oder Opisthobranchier-Vertreter (“allied to Akera”) darstellen könnte (vgl. Proc. Mal. Soc. London, Bd. 22, Lief. 4, S. 158). Schliesslich lenkt Eales (On affinities of Thatcheria, 1938), hauptsächlich aus anatomischen Gründen, die Aufmerksamkeit darauf, dass diese Gattung wohl den Turridae (= Pleurotomidae) angehören wird.
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  • 73
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.172
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: L’histoire géologique de Monferrato est marquée par une série de transgressions et de régressions de la mer, qui se manifestent généralement d’une manière très distincte dans la partie orientale de ces collines. Nous avons résumé cette histoire schématiquement dans la fig. 3 1). Dans les règles qui suivent nous décrirons à grands traits le développement de la partie orientale du bassin de Monferrato à partir du Jurassique jusqu’à la fin du Pliocène. Pendant le Jurassique et le Crétacé un grand bassin assez profond (mais certainement pas abyssal) s’étendait des Alpes occidentales (schistes lustrés) jusqu’au SE de Bologna. Ce bassin était entouré de terre ayant peu ou point de relief, de sorte qu’il y avait peu de transport de matériaux terrigènes. Des dépôts argileux se formaient. A la fin du Crétacé une grande régression s’est manifesté (déposition de conglomérats dans les collines occidentales, voir Beets p. 224). Après cette régression le bassin de Monferrato était peu profond et plus ou moins barré. Des argiles bitumineuses et des calcaires marneux se déposaient. Au commencement de l’Eocène supérieur la régression s’est poursuivie: il s’est formé un sédiment de marnes friables alternant avec des couches sableuses, parfois même caillouteuses. A la fin de l’Eocène un plissement s’est manifesté. Les „noyaux” éocènes de Casale et de Brusaschetto se sont formés. L’Oligocène a commencé par une transgression, pendant laquelle il y avait des côtes ou bien des hauts-fonds dans le sud et dans le NE de la région. La quantité de matériel caillouteux amené par les rivières des régions récemment soulevées (Alpes occidentales, Apennins septentrionaux) était grande et a donné naissance aux zones conglomératiques. A la fin du Rupélien le relief des régions soulevées avait beaucoup diminué, de sorte qu’il y avait peu de transport pendant le Chattien („Oligocène supérieur” de Beets). Le bassin chattien était d’ailleurs beaucoup moins étendu que le bassin tongrien-rupélien. Pendant l’Aquitanien la zone côtière (ou le haut-fond) dans le nord du bassin a subsisté, tandis que la ligne des côtes méridionale s’est déplacé plus au nord que pendant le Tongrien-Rupélien. Le matériel transporté était plus gros et plus abondant que pendant le Chattien, de sorte qu’il faut admettre un léger soulèvement des régions entourantes au commencement de l’Aquitanien. Pendant le Langhien le relief de ces régions avait diminué de nouveau. La quantité de matériel transporté dans le bassin était donc assez réduite. Il y avait des circonstances favorables à la formation de dépôts calcaires. La mer s’était retirée plus vers l’ouest, de sorte que toute la partie orientale des collines de Moncalvo-Casale n’était plus submergée. Après le Langhien la grande transgression helvétienne a commencé; le matériel transporté dans le bassin est devenu plus abondant et plus gros. La paléogéographie du bassin s’est changée un peu: à l’ouest de Moncalvo la ligne des côtes (dans ce cas: ligne de profondeur égale) ne s’étendait plus en direction ouest. Pendant le Tortonien et le Messinien les mouvements orogéniques, presque continus pendant tout le Tertiaire, se sont manifestés dans un plissement plus marqué, qui a produit un renversement de relief. Pendant le Messinien la régression, qui avait commencé dès la fin de l’Helvétien a atteint son extension maximale. Des lentilles de gypse se sont formées, les coquilles de formes saumâtres prévalent. Enfin la grande transgression pliocène a submergé le bassin de Monferrato pour la dernière fois. Un faible plissement, suivi par le soulèvement définitif de la région entière au-dessus du niveau de la mer termine l’histoire tertiaire du bassin de Piémonte.
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  • 74
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.297
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In arranging a list of fossil Cephalopoda of the Malayan Archipelago it soon proved that the bulk were found on Timor. On some of the other islands viz. Rotti, the Sula islands, Taliabu and Mangoli, Buru, the Misol Archipelago and Sumatra a good deal have been found also. The oldest informations on the occurrence in the Archipelago date from 1705. Rumphius described (jurassic) belemnites or dactyli idaei as he called them which were found on the island Taliabu. That old information is important as later it was the direct cause of the carrying out of further investigations on the Sula islands and in the Molucs (Verbeek, Boehm, Siboga expedition). Important material has already been found there (Brouwer, Boehm) and these discoveries are sufficient to suppose that on these islands still more very important stratigraphical as well as palaeontological information is yet to be found. In 1865 Beyrich published a short paper on fossil cephalopods and other fossils in Timor. Martin gave in 1880 in „die Tertiärschichten von Java”, a description of Nautilus javanus, the only tertiary representative of this order from the archipelago known in literature. This species is the only fossil cephalopod found on Java. In the same year yet another paper appeared by Roemer on permian fossils from Sumatra (collected by Verbeek). This formed the commencement of the great series which culminated in the descriptions of the fossils collected by the expeditions on Timor in „Palaeontologie von Timor” and some volumes of the „Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Indië”. These and other descriptions have already given us much stratigraphical and palaeontological information about pretertiary sedimentary rocks on several islands. Up to this time the cretaceous cephalopods are scarce. The bulk belong to the Triassic, whereas both the Permian and the Jurassic period have known a rich fauna of cuttle-fish in the region of the recent archipelago. Besides Nautilus javanus Mart. only one other tertiary cephalopod has been described viz. Kapal batavus Mart. This fossil is the only known representative in the archipelago of the fossil Argonautidae. Some papers of little importance for our purpose, many of which are practically a repetition of those already named here, have been omitted in the bibliography.
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  • 75
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.140
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In the following pages data will be given about the size of the megalospheric embryonic apparatus, and of the size of the shell, of some Foraminifera. By comparing these data for a certain species from different samples, the relative ages of which are known, it will be possible, to get an insight into the alterations of the measured characters in geological times. For that purpose samples from geological sections, or otherwise well defined geological formations, were used. A description of each of these sections will be given, in order to discuss the reliability of the determinations of the relative ages of the samples. I may point out here, that as the layers containing the foraminiferal shells have a certain thickness, and as the sampling has been done over the whole width of the outcropping layer, or over part of it, we may be certain, that the deposition of these shells, must have taken “many years”. In my opinion this may be an advantage, as the possible annual or short-periode influence of the environment on the phaenotype may thus have been eliminated.
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  • 76
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.89
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Part III of this monograph (by Dr. F. A. Schilder) was published in volume 12 of this Journal, pp. 171—194, 1941. The fourth part deals with the families which can be summarised as Tonnacea (= Doliacea Thiele). They contain 31 species, two of which are new to science. The manuscript was already completed in the summer of 1940, but there was no earlier occasion for publication.
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  • 77
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.390
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Bei der Einteilung der Bryozoa (Unterklasse Ectoprocta, Superordnung Gymnolaemata) ist die Systematik von Bassler gefolgt worden. Zur Stratigraphischen Einteilung sei bemerkt:
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 78
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.709
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In the beginning of the year 1885 Aruba was surveyed as to its geology by K. Martin. Although this surveyer stayed only a few days on the island he succeeded in obtaining a clear view of the general geological features¹). It is, however, very well understandable that during our stay²) some corrections could be introduced in the geological map of Aruba and in the older ideas concerning the genesis of some rocks. Beside the above quoted publication by Martin some other geological literature about the island exists; the latter is not worth mentioning here being of no great importance.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 79
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.13 (1942) nr.1 p.29
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In 1933 and 1935 K. Martin described a new fauna of tertiary Mollusca from asphalt deposits of Buton 1). The collection, consisting of 35 species, shows very characteristic forms, but not a single species is known from recent, pliocene, miocene or eocene deposits. There are some affinities to miocene and recent types and as the fauna is doubtless younger than Mesozoic, Martin had good reasons to consider the fauna younger than the eocene Nanggulan beds of Java but older than the oldest known miocène fauna of the East-Indies (West-Progo beds of Java). He ascribed the Buton fossils to the Upper-Oligocene. According to Hetzel 2), however, the localities of the fossils are situated amidst the so called Sampolakosa-beds of upper-miocene or pliocene age. He tried to give an explanation of the remarkable molluscs of Buton by suggesting that the facies of the deposits might be different from any Mollusca bearing strata hitherto known in the East Indies.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 80
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.552
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Our knowledge of the stratigraphy of the young-paleozoic and particularly of the post-paleozoic rocks of the Netherlands East Indies is fairly extensive. Very little is known about the older paleozoic. Older paleozoic sediments are mentioned on various occasions, but the determination of the age of the rocks is mostly based on an assumption, that is made more ore less probable by the stratigraphic relation to younger fossil-bearing rocks, and not by the actual fossils, which are typical for that formation. The metamorphic rocks, which are exposed over large areas, were considered by early investigators as to belong to a very early epoch of geologic history: mostly pre-cambrian. A few fossils proved the presence of younger metamorphic rocks since. Part of these metamorphic rocks are of paleozoic age.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 81
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.485
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: The following enumeration contains the fossil plants, found not only in the Dutch territory, but also in the adjacent countries, the Malay Peninsula, British Borneo, Portuguese Timor and the Eastern part of New Guinea. The Philippine islands have not been considered. The classification used, is from Engler and Prantl, as given in the „Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien” and the „Syllabus” of the former author. The species of flowering plants are placed in alphabetical order in the families; the species in the other classes have been arranged in larger groups. Only in some cases, still living plants were mentioned in the literature under obsolete names; in this case the fossils have been given their present names. Of the recent plants the present distribution is indicated. If a fossil was at first placed in another group, the oldest name is also given in its own place.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 82
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.23
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Foraminifera are found in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic deposits of the Netherlands East Indies. Palaeozoic forms have been described or recorded from Sumatra, Timor, Luang, and Letti, while Mesozoic ones are known not only from those islands, but also from Borneo, Java, Rotti, Halmaheira, Sula, Ceram, Great Obi, and New Guinea (?). All the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic forms, generically distinguished, are listed below, with citation of the localities and geological ages. In this list the genera except in the case of Family Fusulinidae, are arranged after J. A. Cushman's system, set forth in his „Foraminifera, their Classification and Economic Use”, 1928. Regarding this family, we rather prefer the classification of C. O. Dunbar and G. E. Condra (Bibl. 8a) to that of the late Y. Ozawa published in Cushman’s work, cited above.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 83
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.17
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: Een buitenstaander, die nu Martin ontmoet, zou moeilijk te overtuigen zijn, dat de onverbiddelijke wet al tien jaar geleden decreteerde, dat deze „jonge man” toen reeds te oud was om nog als docent aan de Leidsche universiteit op te kunnen treden. Maar als deze buitenstaander, zelf student, dan tevens hoorde, dat tijdgenooten van zijn eigen grootvader reeds bij Martin op de collegebanken zaten, dan zou hij realiseeren, dat als er ooit iemand zijn tijd uitgediend heeft, dit Martin is. Bijna een halve eeuw is hij aan het onderwijs aan de Leidsche universiteit verbonden geweest. Degenen, die het voorrecht gehad hebben het laatste jaar, dat hij doceerde, college bij hem te loopen, weten, dat hij tot op het laatst de enthousiaste redenaar gebleven is. Martin is misschien niet in alle takken van de geologische wetenschappen tot op het laatst met de nieuwste snufjes meegegaan; maar wie onder zijn jongere collega's heeft dat dan wel kunnen doen? De geologische wetenschappen hebben zich in de laatste halve eeuw zoo geweldig uitgebreid, dat het al vele decenniën lang als een voldongen feit gold, dat één man niet meer het geheele vak beheerschen kon. Mocht men dan in 1920 nog eischen, dat Martin de algemeene geologie en de historische geologie, de palaeontologie en de mineralogie met de petrografie geheel beheerschte en op den voet volgde? Neen, waaraan men een steeds dringender behoefte gevoelde, was niet het vervangen, maar het supplementeeren van Martin. Het was voor het onderwijs een verlies, een groot verlies, dat toen Martin moest heen gaan. Hij zou toen, ja zou zelfs nu nog, in staat zijn met zijn geanimeerde voordracht de jongeren voor de wetenschap, die hij zoo lang gediend heeft, te enthousiasmeeren, op dezelfde wijze als hij dit reeds gedurende zoo vele jaren gedaan heeft.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 84
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    In:  Leidse Geologische Mededelingen (0075-8639) vol.5 (1931) nr.1 p.396
    Publication Date: 2014-10-27
    Description: In dem Fossilverzeichnis sind die Arten in der Regel unter dem Namen aufgeführt den sie in der neuesten bei der Art zitierten Arbeit tragen ¹). Wenn eine Art in früheren Arbeiten über Niederländisch Indien anders benannt worden ist, so findet man die Nummern dieser älteren Arbeiten doch hinter dem neueren Artnamen. Der ältere, hinfällige Name ist in solchen Fallen in einer Bemerkung zu finden, ausserdem aber ist er auch in dem Artenverzeichnis aufgenommen, aber dort nur von einem Hinweis nach dem neueren Namen versehen, wo man also die zugehörige Literatur findet. Wenn von einer früher beschriebenen Art einige wenige Exemplare nach neuerer Bearbeitung zu einer anderen, schon vom selben Fundort bekannten Art gebracht worden sind, so sind diese wenigen Exemplaren bei der Aufzählung der Synonymen dieser beiden Arten nicht berücksichtigt.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2015-02-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 86
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(1), pp. 1, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 5, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 12(2), pp. 5-14, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 8, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Records of observations, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, Bremerhaven, PANGAEA, 1(1), pp. 1-64
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(1), pp. 1, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 12(1), pp. 1-4, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 12(2), pp. 1-4, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 6, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 5, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 6, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 7, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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  • 98
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 1(2), pp. 5, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
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  • 99
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    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 257-267
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in \xe2\x80\x9cNederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief\xe2\x80\x9d. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known.\nThe data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 100
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    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 93-256
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3\xc2\xb045\xe2\x80\x99 and 5\xc2\xb035\xe2\x80\x99 N. lat. and 126\xc2\xb032\xe2\x80\x99 and 127\xc2\xb010\xe2\x80\x99 E. long.\nThe main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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