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  • Artikel  (36)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2 (1981), S. 309-327 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): residual nitrogen ; grassland ; nitrogen fertilization ; soil mineral nitrogen ; yield ; nitrogen uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract At very high nitrogen applications (480 and more kg N ha−1 yr−1) in field trials on all-grass swards the amount of N applied exceeded the amount of N harvested. In the humid temperate climate of the Netherlands in the subsequent spring approximately 25, 40, and 50% of this excess nitrogen was recovered as accumulated mineral nitrogen in the 0–100 cm layer of sandy, clay and heavy clay soil, respectively. The effect of this excess nitrogen on growth during the subsequent season was measured through the increase in DM and N yield over a reference treatment. In this season all treatments received a uniform application (40 kg N ha−1 cut−1). Residual effects were absent on sandy soil but distinct on the clay soils. On the clay soils each accumulated kg soil mineral nitrogen produced 15 kg DM. Assuming a relatively small contribution of residual nitrogen carried over in stubble, roots and organic matter, the accumulated soil mineral nitrogen would seem to be as effective as applied fertilizer nitrogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2 (1981), S. 33-51 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): energy ; models ; N-fixation ; nutrients ; re-cycling ; yield ; food production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Cereal yield per ha in the different countries of the world is almost proportional to the rate of fertilizer application. Yields in countries where most people live are severely limited by nutrient deficiencies. Unless steps are taken to rectify these deficiencies, crop yields will always be very poor, even if other improved agronomic practices are adopted. Much fertilizer is at present wasted because of difficulties in forecasting how to adjust levels and methods of application for differences in conditions. More widespread adoption of ‘mechanistic’ approaches to studying the problems than hitherto offers opportunities for improvement. Considerable scope also exists for saving fertilizer by more re-cycling of nutrients, by greater biological-N fixation and by the adoption of better cropping sequences. Only a minute fraction of the present consumption of fossil energy in the world is needed to manufacture all the required fertilizer. Adequate supplies of potassium and phosphate minerals probably exist to meet demand. The major problems in the future are likely to arise from the fact that essential resources are very unevenly distributed in relation to where they are needed to grow food.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum ; propagation ; micropropagation ; rooting ; establishment ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Plants of cvs Kennebec and Pontiac were propagated in petri dishes or flasks and rooted and transplanted into the field as cuttings. Plants from eight week old cuttings gave higher final yields than those from six-week-old cuttings. The field performance of Pontiac plants propagated in petri dishes was superior to that of plants propagated in flasks. Yields from cuttings were between 30% and 97% of those of plants from tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 24 (1981), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; yield ; fertilizer mixes ; solubilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The growth of potato plants and yield of tubers were poor in plots fertilized with rock phosphate alone but the addition of pyrites so improved its efficacy that it outyielded superphosphate in one season. A mixture of rock phosphate and superphosphate, in equal proportions on a P basis, was found to be 85–93% as effective as suerphosphate in increasing tuber yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 24 (1981), S. 289-299 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): seedlings ; first clonal year ; second clonal year ; yield ; tuber shape ; number of tubers ; stolon length ; peculiar types
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Personen in der Auslese (Selektoren) angestellt, die die gleichen Kartoffelklone in S, C1 und C2 (Sämling, erstes und zweites Klonjahr) zweier Familien, B4 (Home Guard×M85/3) und B34 (Foxton×Pentland Ivory) auszulesen hatten. Es wurde angenommen, dass die Familie B4 einen hohen Anteil an früh refenden Typen enthalte, während von Familie B34 vor allem mittelfrühe Typen erwartet wurden. Beide ausgelesenen und ein Muster der verworfenen Klone wurden zurückbehalten und im folgenden Jahr angebaut, so dass die Brauchbarkeit der Auslese beurteilt werden konnte. Bei der S-Generation stimmten die zwei Selektoren (A und B) in der Sämlingsauslese der Familie B4 weitgehend überein. Von B34 behielt ein Selektor jedoch ungefähr zweimal soviel Sämlinge als der andere. Bei der C1-Generation stimmten zwei Selektoren (A und C) bei jenen Klonen, die sowohl von Familie B4 als auch von Familie B34 behalten werden sollten, weitgehend überein. Kleiner Ertrag war der von den Selektoren angegebene Hauptgrund für die Verwerfung von Sämlingen und Klonen. Eine Prüfung (Tabelle 1) der Herkunft von in C1 ausgelesenen Klonen zeigte, dass gewöhnlich mehr von den ausgelesenen Sämlingen als von den verworfenen Sämlingen ausgelesen wurde, aber dieser Unterschied war oftmals nicht sehr gross und nicht signifikant beim Stand von P〈0,05. Die Selektoren schienen in ihrer Fähigkeit, Sämlinge auszulesen, voneinander abzuweichen. In ähnlicher Weise zeigte eine Prüfung der Herkunft der in C2 (Tabellen 2 und 3) ausgelesenen Klone, dass die Auslese in S und C1 oft nicht sehr erfolgreich war, da ein grosser Anteil der in C2 ausgelesenen Klone von verworfenen Sämlingen und verworfenen C1-Pflanzen stammte. Der Erfolg der Auslese durch Selektoren sowohl in S als auch in C1, verglichen mit jener durch verschiedene Selektoren in der C2-Generation, ist in den Tabellen 4 und 5 dargestellt. Wiederum wurde festgestellt, dass viele in C2 ausgelesenen Klone von entweder in S oder in C1 verworfenen Klonen stammten. Bei Familie B34 bestand ein grosser Unterschied (Tabelle 5) zwischen Selektor A und den Selektoren B und C; der Selektor A las in C2 ungefähr die gleiche Anzahl von in den beiden vorhergehenden Generationen ausgelesenen oder mindestens einmal verworfenen Klonen aus, während die Selektoren B und C viel mehr Klone aus jenen auslasen, die in die beiden früheren Generationen selektiert worden waren. Ein Leistungstest der Selektoren unter Verwendung von Kontrollklonen (Tabelle 6) zeigte auch, dass die Selektoren B und C erfolgreicher zu sein schienen als Selektor A. Schliesslich wird darauf hingewiesen, dass ein beträchtliches Risiko besteht, viele potentiell brauchbare Klone in den ersten beiden Jahren der Auslese (S und C1) zu verlieren, wenn sehr subjektive und flüchtige Beurteilungen vorgenommen werden. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit einer besseren Definition der Merkmale, auf welche die Auslese in diesen frühen Stadien eines Züchtungsprogrammes gemacht werden kann.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé Une comparaison a été faite entre différents obtenteurs sélectionnant les mêmes clones en S, C1 et C2 (semis, première et deuxième année de clonage), ceux-ci étant issus de deux familles: B4 (Home Guard×M85/3) et B34 (Foxton×Pentland Ivory). La famille B4 était présumée contenir une forte proportion de types précoces tandis que la famille B34 se caractérisait par ses qualités culturales. Les clones sélectionnés et des échantillons de clones éliminés ont été retenus et cultivés les années suivantes pour évaluer la manière dont la sélection pouvait être réalisée. Dans la génération S, deux obtenteurs (A et B) acceptaient volontiers les semis sélectionnés de la famille B4 mais en ce qui concerne B34 un obtenteur prenait environ deux fois plus de semis que l'autre. A la génération C1, deux obtenteurs (A et C) acceptaient volontiers les clones retenus dans les familles B4 comme B34. Le faible rendement était la principale raison d'élimination des semis et des clones donnée par ceux-ci. Un examen (tableau 1) de l'origine des clones sélectionnés en C1 a montré que, dans l'ensemble, plus de matériel a été retenu pour les semis sélectionnées que pour celles issues de semis éliminés, mais la différence n'était souvent pas très grande et non significative (P〈0,05). Les sélectionneurs se montraient différents dans leurs compétences à sélectionner les semis. De même, un examen de l'origine des clones sélectionnés en C2 (tableaux 2 et 3) a montré que la sélection en S et C n'était souvent pas très efficace; une forte proportion de clones sélectionnés en C2 provenant de semis et de plantes éliminées en C1. L'efficacité de la sélection en S et C1, comparée pour les différents obtenteurs, est montrée dans les tableaux 4 et 5. On observe que de nombreux clones sélectionnés en C2 ont pour origine des clones éliminés en S et en C1. Il existe une grande différence de jugement en ce qui concerne la famille B34 (tableau 5) entre l'obtenteur A et les obtenteurs B et C; l'obtenteur A a sélectionné en C2 un nombre égal de clones sélectionnés et éliminés dans les deux générations précédentes; les obtenteurs B et C ont retenu beaucoup plus de clones issus de clones sélectionnés dans les générations antérieures. Un test de compétence dans le contrôle des clones, effectué sur les obtenteurs (tableau 6) a montré que B et C se montrent plus efficients que A. En conclusion, il est suggéré qu'il y a un risque considérable pour les clones potentiellement valables d'être perdus dans les deux premières années de la sélection (S et C1) lorsque des déterminations subjectives et éphémères sont faites. Ceci dénote le besoin d'une meilleure définition des caractères sur lesquels la sélection peut être réalisée au cours des premiers stades du programme d'hybridation.
    Notizen: Summary Considerable differences occurred between selectors in intensity of selection when selecting the same potato clones in S, C1 and C2 (seedling, first clonal and second clonal years). Comparing clones selected or discarded in one year with clones selected or discarded in previous years indicated the effectiveness of selection and large differences were shown between different selector combinations. In some cases a highly significant improvement in the population was obtained; in others selection gave no improvement. A high proportion of the clones selected in C2 would always have been discarded in S or C1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 24 (1981), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): PVY ; PVX ; PLRV ; alatae ; bacteria ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In Israel und in vielen anderen Ländern stehen für die Herbstauspflanzung nur Pflanzkartoffeln zur Verfügung, die im Frühjahr gewachsen sind. Dieses Pflanzgut hat zwei offensichtliche Nachteile: es ist physiologisch zu jung, mit Pilzen und hauptsächlich mit Viren infiziert. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt einen Versuch, besseres Pflanzgut für den Herbst zu produzieren, durch Auspflanzung im Winter in Isolierlagen in der Wüste; in Yotvata-einer landwirtschaftlichen Siedling in der Fa'aran Wüste und in Sharm el Sheik (Sharm)-einer vollkommen ariden Zone in der Sinai-Wüste (siehe Abb. 1). Pflanzkartoffeln der Sorte Up-to-Date, aufgewachsen zwischen Oktober und März in Sharm ergaben einen signifikanten Mehrertrag (17%) gegenüber der Kontrolle von Pflanzgut aufgewachsen zwischen Februar und Juni. In Yotvata (Désirée) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen dem Aufwuchs von Oktober bis März und der vergleichbaren Kontrolle. Die Steigerung des Ertrages in Sharm wird daher nicht auf ein höheres physiologisches Alter zurückgeführt, sondern auf einen geringeren Infektionsdruck von Pilzen und hauptsächlich Viren (Tabelle 3). Während der Wachstumsperiode konnte keine Ausbreitung von PVY und PLRV beobachtet werden, während in Yotvata eine starke Zunahme der Infektionen mit PLRV beobachtet wurde (Tabellen 1, 2, 3). Diese Ergebnisse können vielleicht durch sehr geringe Läusepopulationen in Sharm und sehr hohe in Yotvata im Winter—der Zeit des Pflanzkartoffelwachstums (Abb. 2 und 3)-verursacht sein. Geflügelte Populationen wurden auch an zwei weiteren Orten in der Sinai-Wüste beobachtet: in A-tur, einer vollkommen ariden Zone (wie Sharm) und in Firan, einer isolierten Oase, in der Landwirtschaft betrieben wird. Während in A-tur, wie in Sharm, nur wenige Läuse gefangen wurden (Abb. 3), wurden in Firan viele gefunden, aber nicht im Winter—in der für die Pflanzkartoffelvermehrung vorgesehenen Zeit (Abb. 3). Die Isolation, geringe Anzahlen von Läusen (hauptsächlich vonMyzus persicae) und sehr hohe Temperaturen während des Sommers, die die Vermehrung der Insekten und der Pathogene und den Durchwuchs reduzieren, zeigen, dass eine gute Möglichkeit für die Produktion qualitativ hochwertigen Pflanzgutes in Sharm besteht.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé En Israël et dans beaucoup d'autres pays, seuls les plants de pommes de terre d'origine locale, qui sont cultivés pendant le printemps, sont disponsibles pour les plantations d'automne. Les plants ont deux inconvénients majeurs: ils sont trop jeunes physiologiquement et ils sont infectés par les champignons et, plus particulièrement, par les maladies à virus. Le travail présenté décrit une tentative pour produire de meilleurs plants pour l'automne en les cultivant pendant l'hiver dans des endroits isolés dans le désert: à Yotvataun établissement agricole dans le désert de Fa'aran et à Sharm el Sheik (Sharm)—une surface complètement aride dans le dśert du Sinaï (voir fig. 1). Des plants de pommes de terre de la variété Up-to-Date, cultivés à Sharm entre octobre et mars, produisaient nettement plus que les témoins (plants du commerce cultivés entre février et juin). On n'a pas observé de différences significatives entre les plants cultivés à Yotvata (Désirée) entre octobre et mars, et leurs témoins comparatifs. Donc, l'augmentation de rendement des plants de Sharm ne serait pas dûe à un âge physiologique plus approprié, mais plutôt à une attaque plus faible de champignons et, plus particulièrement, de maladies à virus (tableau 3). On ne notait presque aucune propagation de virus Y de la pomme de terre pendant la période de végétation à Sharm, alors qu'à Yotvata on observait une augmentation d'infection par le virus de l'enroulement (tableaux 1, 2, 3). Ces résultats peuvent être liés au fait que les populations de pucerons sont très peu élevées à Sharm et très importante à Yotvata pendant l'hiver-période de croissance des plants de pommes de terre-(fig. 2 et 3). Des populations ailées ont été également observées dans deux autres sites du désert du Sinaï: à A-tur, une surface complètement aride (comme Sharm) et à Firan, une oasis isolée où l'on pratique l'agriculture. Alors qu'à A-tur, comme à Sharm, on piégeait très peu de pucerons (fig. 3), on en trouvait un grand nombre à Firan, mais pas pendant l'hiver—la période proposée pour la culture des plants-(fig. 3). L'isolement, les nombres peu élevés de pucerons (particulièrement deMyzus persicae) et les températures très élevées pendant l'été, qui diminuent la reproduction des insectes pathogènes et spontanés, tout concourt à ce qu'il existe une bonne chance d'obtenir des plants de pommes de terre de très bonne qualité.
    Notizen: Summary Seed potatoes grown during winter in the Sinai Desert (Sharm el Sheik) yielded in autumn significantly more (17%) than commercial seed grown in spring. Seeds grown in winter in an agricultural area at Yotvata yielded similarly to the commercial controls. Almost no spread of PVY or PLRV was found at Sharm probably because of the very low alate population there, whereas at Yotvata the incidence of PLRV was over 40% probably as a consequence of a high aphid populations during the growing season. Alate populations were also observed in the Sinai Desert at A-tur, a completely arid area, and at Firan, an isolated oasis where agriculture is practised. At A-tur only a few alatae were trapped, but large numbers were found at Firan, especially starting in March, but not during winter the proposed season for growing seed potatoes. The possibility of growing high quality seed potatoes at Sharm is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Groundnut fertilization ; Nigeria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Nutrient uptake ; Tropical soils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract It was observed in a long-term fertility study that P application results in better nodulation and seed yield. The N yield per plant increased significantly with P, K, and B application, but the promoting effect of K and B on N content per plant was not reflected in the final yield. Data on mean nutrient uptake indicate that about 63% of N, 68% of P, 23% of K, 4% of Ca and 24% of Mg were present in the kernels, the remainder being in the haulm and shells. Soil will be exhausted fast if the nutrient rich groundnut residues are completely exported from the field and not compensated by adequate fertilizer application. Judicious use of fertilizers on groundnut has been shown to yield more than 100 kg of biologically fixed N per hectare.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Moisture stress ; Nitrogen fixation ; Tropical forage legume
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of soil moisture stress on growth, nodulation and nitrogenase activity of two tropical forage legumes,Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro andDesmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf was studied in a pot experiment. After ten weeks growth, the highest moisture stress (20 per cent water holding capacity) significantly reduced only the top weight of both plants. Moisture stress progressively retarded top growth in the two legumes. Similar trends were also observed in defoliated plants. Moisture stress had little or no effect on the nodulation or nitrogenase activity of the plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Coffee plantation ; Inga jinicuil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule biomass ; Woody legume
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nodule biomass and yearly C2H2 reduction rates are reported forInga jinicuil, a leguminous tree used for shade in Mexican coffee plantations. Annual fixation by this species approximates 35 kg ha−1; which, when compared to nitrogen additions from fertilizers, represents an important nitrogen input to the coffee ecosystem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azotobacter vinelandii ; Gnotobiotic cultures ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary An all glass tight growth chamber, entirely sterilizable, has been constructed to carry out axenic and gnotobiotic cultures of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). When grown in liquid medium and in the absence of combined nitrogen but in the presence of the diazotrophsAzotobacter vinelandii andRhodopseudomonas capsulata, rice plants exhibited a complete biological cycle from germination up to ear stage, during a period of time similar to the one encountered in french paddy soil of Camargue. In one experiment, mannitol was given to rice culture medium together withAzotobacter vinelandii andRhodopseudomonas capsulata. In another experiment, mannitol was not given together with Rhodopseudomonas, and still positive nitrogen gain was obtained, although it was less than culture with mannitol. When15N labeled cells of Rhodopseudomonas were added in rice culture medium,15N was partly transferred to rice plant. Among the nitrogen substances excreted from the bacteria in the rhizosphere medium, large organic molecules were shown to be the most abundant in our experimental conditions. Moreover, the concentration of free ammonia or aminoacids present in the rice rhizosphere were always compatible with a bacterial nitrogenase activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteroids ; Cowpea ; Nitrogen fixation ; Peanut ; Rhizobium ; Siratro
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Acetylene reduction activity and nitrogen accumulation in the plant top per unit nodule mass were compared among peanut, cowpea and siratro plants nodulated by six different strains of Rhizobium. Peanut was found to have several fold higher values than cowpea and siratro for both parameters for all strains of Rhizobium which nodulated it effectively, but the bacteroid content of the peanut nodules was similar to those of cowpea and siratro.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Legumes ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The combination of using15N for determining the amount of nitrogen fixed by a legume crop in field experiments and the labelling of only one treatment at a time in each treatment combination is shown to be conceptually and experimentally valid for determining the effect of cultural practices on the amount of nitrogen fixed by a legume crop.
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Afzelia quanzensis ; Brachystegia spiciformis ; Ectomycorrhiza ; Miombo woodland ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Ectomycorrhizae were found in root samples of the treesAfzelia quanzensis Welw. andBrachystegia spiciformis Benth. (Caesalpiniaceae), collected in the coastal miombo type woodland 50 km west of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Root nodules with a structure resembling that of nitrogen-fixing root nodules of other leguminous plants were observed in theA. quanzensis material. The climate of the locality is rather dry, and strongly seasonal. In the tropics, ectomycorrhizae have previously been found only in humid or rain forest climate zones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 55 (1980), S. 163-165 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A method is described to demonstrate nitrogen fixation by free-living Rhizobium cells. After aerobic growth in a nutrient solution, the bacteria are centrifuged. Acetylene reduction by the rhizobial cells in the pellet can be measured within a few days. Hydrogen gas frequently stimulates acetylene reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Breeding, choice of site ; yield ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The choice of localities for initial yield testing of selections in a plant breeding programme is often arbitary. We describe a method that allows a more objective approach based on the correlation between the performance of varieties in a locality and their performance over a large area. The method was checked using data from the Western Australian Department of Agriculture regional wheat variety testing programme, and it was found possible to identify combinations of localities which produced significant predictions over both years and genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 301-311 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Vigna radiata ; mungbean ; adaptation ; yield ; flowering time ; G x E interaction ; two-way classification analysis ; cluster analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two-way classification analysis, combined with analysis of variance and linear regression techniques, was applied to a set of yield data from twenty-one genotypes grown at twelve locations for two years in International Mungbean Nursery trials. Genotypes and environments with similar yield response patterns were grouped and differences between groups identified. Genotypes were also grouped on the basis of flowering time and the relation between days to flower and yield was examined. It was concluded that cluster and associated analyses are of value in determining response patterns of mungbean genotypes to a wide range of environments, and a useful aid in the selection of materials and locations for mungbean evaluation. In particular we note the adaptation of genotypes M409 and M1134 to high elevation locations, and the positive yield response of M374 (MG50-10A) to high yielding environments. Highest yielding lines were also the earliest to flower. Disease resistance was considered the most important breeding objective for mungbean yield improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 347-354 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum sp. ; tetraploid wheats ; semi-dwarfism ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A genetic study of a range of NORIN 10 based semi-dwarf durum wheats showed that only Gai/Rht 1, located on chromosome 4A, was present. No varieties carrying a second Gai/Rht allele were identified and deliberate attempts to introduce Gai/Rht2 into tetraploid wheats have so far been unsuccessful. In a spaced plant trial of homozygous random F3 lines from two tall x semi-dwarf crosses, the semi-dwarfs has lower ear yields, due mainly to reduced kernel weight, but had higher tiller numbers than the tall genotypes. Although there was no difference in overall plant yield between talls and semi-dwarfs, an analysis of character associations within the semi-dwarf F3's showed positive height-yield and height-kernel weight correlations indicating that selection for ‘tall dwarfs’ may be a useful breeding strategy in tetraploid wheats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum phureja ; potato ; unreduced gametes ; first division restitution ; 4x-2x hybrids ; hollow heart ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A factorial mating design with six 4x cultivars as stylar parents mated to three groups of pollen parents (4x cultivars, 4x high protein selections, and 2x S. phureja) was used to study breeding behavior of yield, tuber set, marketable yield and hollow heart in potatoes. Mean yield for the 4x-2x hybrids was equivalent to that of their cultivar parents although yield components, tuber set and average tuber size, were greater and less, respectively, than the cultivar parents. High estimates of general combining ability were found in both pollen and stylar parents for yield, tuber set, marketable yield, number of marketable tubers and hollow heart in all three hybrid populations. Specific combining ability estimates were significant only for yield and hollow heart. Frequency of white-fleshed 4x-2x progeny of five heterozygous yellow-fleshed 2x phureja genotypes was used to confirm cytological identification of a first division restitution mechanism operative in the 2x parents. Although three of these phureja genotypes generated high-yielding progeny, two others produced 4x-2x progeny with mean yield similar to that of hybrids among 4x cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Glyxine max ; soybean ; lodging resistance ; height ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Seventy-three determinate and 93 indeterminate random F9 lines from a cross between determinate and indeterminate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] parents were evaluated for seed yield, mature plant height, and lodging. Regression analyses indicated that among the determinate lines, seed yield increased by 350 kg/ha and lodging score increased by 0.008 for every 10 cm increase in plant height. Among indeterminate lines seed yield increased by 112 kg/ha and lodging score by 0.3 for every 10 cm increase in plant height. The highest yielding indeterminate lines were tall and very susceptible to lodging. The tall determinate lines had the best combination of high seed yield and excellent lodging resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Harwood forests ; Nitrogen cycle ; Nitrogen fixation ; United States ; Wood litter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nitrogen-fixing activity in hardwood forests of the northeastern United States occurred in wood litter, greater than 2 cm in diameter. Activity in large dead wood was independent of species, in the case of deciduous wood litter, but was restricted to partially decayed wood with a high moisture content. Maximum rates of activity were observed in the summer months, minimum rates in the winter. Evidence from six stands of varying ages showed that fixation in large wood litter occurred in only 25% of the samples assayed. Fixation was highest in the youngest, 4 years, and oldest, over 200 years, stands; being about 2 kg/ha/yr. The quantity of nitrogen fixed appears to be related to the biomass of dead wood. Large amounts of wood litter in the youngest stands were from slash left after cutting. As the supply of slash is exhausted by decay, nitrogen fixation decreases, with a low around year 20. Fixation then gradually increases as natural thinning adds wood to the litter compartment. Apparently, the amount of nitrogen fixed in dead wood the first 20 years following clearcutting can only replace a modest fraction of the amount lost as a result of the cutting and product removal. Finally, the results indicate that nitrogen fixation in wood litter does not equal nitrogen fixation in a northern hardwood forest calculated using a mass balance approach, suggesting that additional nitrogen inputs exist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acid-sensitive step ; Nitrogen content ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pisum sativum ; Rhizobium leguminosarum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Experiments were performed to measure the pH-sensitive steps in nodulation and symbiotic fixation byPisum sativum and isolate RP-212-1 ofRhizobium leguminosarum. An aeroponic system with rigorous pH control was used to obtain numerous effective nodules. After exposure to various pH levels, the following responses were measured: (1) legume root growth and development, (2) survival and growth rate of a single effective bacterial isolate, (3) degree of nodulation, (4) rate of nitrogen fixation, (5) plant biomass, and (6) nitrogen content of plants. Both bacterial growth and root development were adequate at all pH levels from 4.4 to 6.6, but efficient nodulation and nitrogen fixation did not occur at pH 4.8 and below. The processes required for symbiosis were about 10 times as sensitive to acidity as either bacterial growth or root growth alone. Nodulation was the most acid-sensitive step.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Field method ; Nitrogen fixation ; Non-destructive ; Pisum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Direct injection of acetylene into soil around plant roots, followed by determination of ethylene/acetylene ratios in the soil atmosphere has been tested as a rapid, non-destructive method of estimating acetylene reducing activity. In pots of artificial media as well as in field soil, the ratios determined within 10 min. after injection were significantly correlated with the rates of acetylenedependent ethylene production in detached roots. The method may be useful in preliminary screening of large numbers of plant-bacteria combinations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A modifiedin situ technique for measuring heterotrophic nitrogen fixing (acetylene reducing) activity associated to rice is proposed. Ethylene evolution rates measured in opaque cylinders covering the stems of rice plants which have been cut 10 cm over the water level were found independent of the diurnal cycle. Cutting of the leaves resulted in decreased variation between plants and suppression of the acceleration of ethylene evolution rate after 12 h incubation as compared to intact plants. In both systems ethylene evolved was swept by a current of methane and the molar ratio between methane and ethylene was stabilized after 12 h. Methane evolution rates remained stable during 12 h and more than 24 h in whole plants and cut plants respectively. It is suggested that alteration in the active gas transport system after 12 h incubation under 10% acetylene may lead to erroneous evaluation of the actual ethylene production in the root's environment. The average values of ethylene evolution rates by cut plants between 12 and 24 h of incubation may be used for comparative studies of nitrogen fixing activity associated to flooded rice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Alfalfa ; Correlation coefficient ; Factor analysis ; Leaf area ratio ; Nitrogen fixation ; Net assimilation rate ; Path-coefficient analysis ; Relative growth rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Twelve alfalfa cultivars inoculated with an indigenous strain (RM9) ofRhizobium meliloti, were compared for their seedling morphological characters, and growth characters, including net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and relative nitrogen assimilation rate (RN). Highly significant differences were obtained between cultivars for most characters. Simple correlation showed that NAR influenced RGR (r=0.91) more than leaf area ratio (LAR) (r=−0.44), and that most characters measured were highly correlated with seedling dry weight. Factor analysis showed that NAR, RGR and RN contributed 25% of the total variation in the dependence structure. The grouping indicated that the higher the NAR and RN the greater was the RGR. Path-coefficient analysis showed that NAR had more important direct and indirect effects than RN in dry matter accumulation. The relationship implied that selection for plants with high NAR, or high efficiency in converting light energy to dry matter production could contribute greater N2 fixation in alfalfa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 473-477 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Hexachloroxyclohexane ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Redox potential ; Rhizosphere ; Rice plant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of application of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH=gamma BHC), to a submerged tropical field soil at rates equivalent to recommended field rates (1–2.5kg a.i./ha) and twice this level, upon the rhizosphere soil nitrogenase, nitrogen fixers, and soil redox potential (Eh) was investigated. The rhizosphere soil from HCH-treated field exhibited significantly higher nitrogenase activity than that from untreated fields. HCH retarded the drop in redox potential of the field soil upto 80 days after transplantation under submerged conditions. Populations of nitrogen-fixingAzospirillum sp. and Azotobacter, to a greater extent, and anaerobic organisms, to a lesser extent, were stimulated in HCH-treated soils. Results indicate the stimulation of heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria by HCH in submerged paddy soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Legumes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Winged beans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Only legumes of the cowpea cross-inoculation group, including the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) were found to form nodules in a temperate zone soil with no previous history of legume cropping. Isolates from root nodules from uninoculated winged beans grown in the field only nodulated legumes in the cowpea cross-inoculation group.Rhizobium japonicum formed ineffective nodules with the winged bean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Aeschynomene americana ; Flooding ; Leaf water potential ; Nitrogen fixation ; Soil moisture deficits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Studies on the tolerance ofAeschynomene americana L. to periods of flooding or soil moisture deficit were conducted in an attempt to elucidate nitrogen fixation as affected by soil moisture. Nitrogenase activity was not reduced significantly in pot-grown Aeschynomene plants subjected to flooding in greenhouse conditions. After 20 days of withholding water from the soil, nitrogenase activities of the drought-stressed plants were much lower than those of either the well-watered or flooded plants. Leaf water potentials were similar in flooded and control plants; however, the droughted plants had leaf water potentials that were 4 bars lower than those of the control plants. Aeschynomene plants were tolerant to long-term periods of flooding, but exhibited a reduction in nitrogenase activity and leaf water status when subjected to soil moisture deficits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 93-111 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Ineffective nodules ; Medicago laciniata ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Root temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Medicago laciniata, an annual leguminous plant of Saharo-Sindian origin, is particularly refractory to root nodulation by most strains ofRhizobium meliloti. Using a series of such bacterial strains belonging to the 8 groups of Brockwell and Hely, and a variety of environmental conditions, it was noted that several normally non-nodulating strains (at 20°C) produced ineffective nodules at root temperatures of 24°C to 28°C. Nodulation at 20°C failed to occur in the presence of a wide variety of test compounds and physical conditions. No phytoalexins or anti-Rhizobium growth inhibitors were isolated from inoculated root tissue at any temperature. Temperature shift experiments indicated no infection of the root hairs at 20°C, and infection threads produced at the permissive root temperature failed to elongate after transfer to 20°C. However, if meristematic activity had been initiated in the inner root-cortical cells as a result of infection thread penetration at 28°C, no blockage of nodule maturation occurred upon subsequent transfer to 20°C root temperature. Nodules produced at 28°C were completely devoid of nitrogenase activity, although the apical (but not the distal) regions contained normal-appearing bacteriods, surrounded by enclosing membranes, and possessed a fully functional leghaemoglobin. A shortage of metabolic energy did not appear to be involved in the ineffective response. A hypothesis to explain the nodulation phenomenon observed was based on the observation in the roots of 2 factors present at 20°C but not at 28°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulated roots ; Pea ; Respiration ; Soya bean
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide evolution and nitrogenase activity, measured either as hydrogen evolution (under argon 80%, oxygen 20%) or as the reduction of acetylene to ethylene, were assayed over the same time period by a direct mass-spectrometric method. When carbon dioxide evolution was used to estimate carbohydrate consumption, the results agreed with other work on whole plants. The RQ values obtained in these experiments were always less than 1.0 and thus the carbohydrate consumption calculated from oxygen uptake suggests that previous estimates, using carbon dioxide evolution as a measure of the cost of nitrogen fixation may be underestimates. Lag periods observed in the reduction of acetylene to ethylene suggest that there is a resistance to diffusion of gases in the root nodules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Biofuel ; Leguminous trees ; Nitrogen fixation ; Semi-arid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sand culture pot experiments were carried out with Proposis seedlings in the greenhouse on a nitrogen free nutrient solution with increasing levels of sodium chloride. All species tolerated a 6,000 mg/l salinity with no reduction in growth.P. velutina was the only species that poorly tolerated the 12,000 mg/l salinity level.P. articulata, P. pallida, andP. tamarugo tolerated 18,000 mg/l NaCl with little reduction in growth and grew slightly in a salinity (36,000 mg/l NaCl) greater than seawater. This is the first legume known to grown in salinities equivalent to seawater.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 53-63 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylene reduction ; Inoculation ; Klebsiella oxytoca ; Nitrogen fixation ; Wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Of 45 fermentative gram negative bacterial isolates examined from wheat roots, three were capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen as determined by the acetylene reduction technique and by protein contents of cells. A gram negative non-motile facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain capable of N2 fixation was identified asKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2. Optimal growth and N2 fixation occurred at pH 6.5. The optimum temperatures for growth under anaerobic conditions ranged between 30°–37°C. Acetylene reduction by intact cells was strikingly inhibited by 0.1 atm. or greater partial pressure of O2. Furthermore, the accumulation of H2 in the gas phase over cultures ofKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2 at partial pressures greater than 0.02 atm. resulted in a striking inhibition in the rate of C2H2 reduction. The addition of suspensions of eitherKlebsiella oxytoca ZMK-2 orAzotobacter vinelandii or a mixed culture of these two organisms to axenic cultures of wheat plants produced no significant increase in plant growth as measured by plant dry weight or nitrogen content of plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Azospirillum brasilense ; Cereals ; Nitrogen fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The potential of the nitrogen fixing bacteriumAzospirillum brasilense to enhance development and increase growth of several gramineae was investigated. In both sterilized and non-sterilized systems heading and flowering occurred earlier in the inoculated plants as compared to the noninoculated ones. Total shoot and root weights, total-N content, plant height and leaf length were significantly increased by inoculation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Host selection ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule structure ; Rhizobium trifolii ; TemperatureTrifolium pratense
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary 1. Nodule structure was examined in the red clover cultivar S123 and in lines (designated H2) separately bred for high yield withRhizobium trifolii strains RCR 0403 and RCR 5. Plants were grown at 16/11, 22/17 and 27/22°C in a 16 h day at 25,000 lux. 2. The larger yields of bred lines compared with S123 were directly correlated with larger aggregate nodule size, larger infected zones and with more bacteroid tissue. Over all treatments the correlation of plant dry weight with aggregate areas of bacteroid tissue, assessed in median longitudinal section, accounted for 79% of the variance. 3. Yields were unrelated to the proportion of uninfected cells and vacuoles within the bacteroid zone. 4. Effects of host type and strain on nodule structure and yield were greatest at the moderate temperature and least and most irregular at high temperature. 5. Bacteriod tissue degenerated more rapidly in S123 than in the bred lines, more rapidly with RCR 0403 than RCR 5 and more rapidly at the high temperature than at moderate or low temperatures. 6. Aggregate nodule size irrespective of treatment was correlated with the aggregate sizes of nodule meristem and differentiating tissues. Nodule comtex comprised a larger proportion of the nodule section at 17 days than subsequently. Other than as specified above, the size relationships of the different tissues of the nodule were unaffected by host selection, temperature, bacterial strain or plant age. 7. At 22/17°C over a 17–25 day period the increment in dry matter per mm2 active nodule tissue was similar for H2 and S123 plants and was less for RCR 0403 (3.33 mg) than for RCR 5 (6.87 mg). At 27/22°C the effeciency of bacteroid tissue was much less,viz. 0.67 and 1.23 mg per mm2 respectively. 8. Nodule tissue areas and volumes were closely related so that unit volumes of active bacteriod tissue in general promoted similar dry matter increment in S123 and bred lines,viz. about 50.5 mg mm−3 at 22/17° for RCR 0403 and 80.8 mg mm−3 for RCR 5. The latter was associated with a fixation rate of 0.157 mg N mm−3 active tissue day−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 189-202 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomycete symbiosis ; Alder ; Alnus glutinosa ; Endophyte ; Farmyard manure ; Forestry ; Frankia ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Root nodules
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence and the infectivity of Frankia, the root-nodule endophyte ofAlnus glutinosa, were studied in different kinds of soil in the Netherlands. Both field and pot experiments indicated that many soils, on which alders have not been grown before, had low numbers of endogenous Frankia or none at all. Inoculation of these soils usually enhanced growth and nodulation of alders. The effect of fertilizer treatments on growth and nodulation ofA. glutinosa were studied in experimental plots. Alders grown in sandy soils, dressed with farmyard manure had the highest yield and the most nodules. The influence of inoculation with homogenates of Sp(+) and Sp(−) nodules and with a pure culture of Frankia AvcIl were studied in pot experiments. The quantity of different kinds of inoculum needed to obtain good growth and nodulation of alder was estimated. The results indicated that addition of a nodule homogenate of 90 g fresh AvcIl Sp(+) nodules is sufficient to inoculate one hectare of nursery soil to produce 10 nodules per plant, while a thousand times larger amount of inoculum is necessary when Sp(−) nodules are used. The limitations and the potentials of using nodule homogenates and pure cultures of Frankia for inoculation in forestry are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Heterosis ; stigma ; style ; tomato ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; hybrid seed ; heterostyly ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A subjective rating scale was used to select tomato inbreds with inserted stigmas (inserted) for crossing with inbreds possessing exserted stigmas (exserted) in a combining a bility study. Six inserted parents were inbred to F5 or F6, but were not stable for stigma position in most cases. The exserted x inserted hybrids were all slightly exserted and it appeared stigma exsertion was incompletely dominant to stigma insertion. No reciprocal cross differences were detected for stigma position indicating the absence of cytoplasmic inheritance. There was no clear relationship between hybrid stigma positions and the level of insertion of the inserted parents. Stigma insertion was more consistently detrimental to fruit set than was stigma exsertion. Hybrids were either heterotic or dominant for yield. The inability to attain hybrids with standard stigma positions by crossing exserted x inserted genotypes could limit fruit-set under some environmental conditions. Furthermore, difficulty in breeding stable inserted lines and the incomplete dominance of exserted over inserted genotypes limits the feasibility of using heterostyly alone for producing reliable hybrids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 715-725 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Poa pratensis ; Poa longifolia ; apomixis ; interspecific hybrids ; multivariate analysis ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Eight interspecific hybrids between P. pratensis and P. longifolia were obtained; six were fully fertile and sexual. Canonical analysis and generalised distances calculated using data from a spaced plant field trial were used together with somatic chromosome counts to confirm hybrid origin. Phenotypic uniformity of third generation hybrid families was assessed; 22.5% of the families were uniform and probably apomictic and were morphologically more like P. pratensis than P. longifolia. Total yield from eleven of the sixteen probably apomictic families examined was similar to that of P. pratensis biotypes, but the seasonal growth pattern was similar to P. longifolia where 31.4% of the total seasonal yield was recorded at the first harvest compared with 6.6% from P. pratensis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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