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  • Elsevier  (2.549)
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  • 1
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    Datenschutz als Vermögensrecht (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-24
    Beschreibung: In diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht die Autorin die Fortentwicklung des Datenschutzrechts zu einem Datenhandelsrecht. Sie stellt dar, wie Personendaten bereits heute gehandelt werden können und wo sich Problemfelder insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund von Big Data ergeben. Außerdem veranschaulicht sie bestehende Reformvorschläge, wie z. B. die Einführung eines sogenannten „Dateneigentums“, und misst dies an einer vertieften Analyse des Interessendreiecks beim Datenhandel. Aus der Einordnung in eine Gesamtanalyse lassen sich wichtige Handlungsempfehlungen ableiten.
    Schlagwort(e): IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Civil Law ; Public Law ; Big Data ; Persönlichkeitsrecht ; Datenverarbeitung ; Datenhandelsrecht ; Immaterialgüterrecht ; Open Access ; Entertainment & media law ; Systems of law: civil codes / civil law ; Private or civil law: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LND Constitutional & administrative law
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 2
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    Charting Spiritual Care (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-31
    Beschreibung: This open access volume is the first academic book on the controversial issue of including spiritual care in integrated electronic medical records (EMR). Based on an international study group comprising researchers from Europe (The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland), the United States, Canada, and Australia, this edited collection provides an overview of different charting practices and experiences in various countries and healthcare contexts. Encompassing case studies and analyses of theological, ethical, legal, healthcare policy, and practical issues, the volume is a groundbreaking reference for future discussion, research, and strategic planning for inter- or multi-faith healthcare chaplains and other spiritual care providers involved in the new field of documenting spiritual care in EMR. Topics explored among the chapters include: Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment Charting Spiritual Care: Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Aspects Palliative Chaplain Spiritual Assessment Progress Notes Charting Spiritual Care: Ethical Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care in Digital Health: Analyses and Perspectives Charting Spiritual Care: The Emerging Role of Chaplaincy Records in Global Health Care is an essential resource for researchers in interprofessional spiritual care and healthcare chaplaincy, healthcare chaplains and other spiritual caregivers (nurses, physicians, psychologists, etc.), practical theologians and health ethicists, and church and denominational representatives.
    Schlagwort(e): Health Services Research ; Religion and Health ; Religion and Psychology ; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics ; Health Sciences ; Sociology of Religion ; Psychology of Religion and Spirituality ; healthcare chaplaincy ; spiritual care ; spirituality and health ; professionalization of spiritual care ; integration of spirituality in health care ; electronic medical records (EMR) ; pastoral confidentiality ; models of recording spiritual care ; outcome-oriented chapliancy ; digital health ; health ethics ; religion and health ; interprofessional spiritual care ; legal and theoretical perspectives ; open access ; Health systems & services ; Religious issues & debates ; Psychology ; Religion: general ; Bioethics ; Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAM Religious issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    Taking the EU to Court (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides an exhaustive picture of the role that annulment conflicts play in the EU multilevel system. Based on a rich dataset of annulment actions since the 1960s and a number of in-depth case studies, it explores the political dimension of annulment litigation, which has become an increasingly relevant judicial tool in the struggle over policy content and decision-making competences. The book covers the motivations of actors to turn policy conflicts into annulment actions, the emergence of multilevel actors’ litigant configurations, the impact of actors’ constellations on success in court, as well as the impact of annulment actions on the multilevel policy conflicts they originate from.
    Schlagwort(e): Political science ; European Union ; Public policy ; Law—Europe ; Political science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    Austenitic TRIP/TWIP Steels and Steel-Zirconia Composites (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.
    Schlagwort(e): Structural Materials ; Metallic Materials ; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials ; Materials Engineering ; Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics ; Metals and Alloys ; Ceramics ; Steel-Matrix Composite ; Austenitic Stainless Steels ; Powder Metallurgy ; Fracture Toughness ; Mechanical Modeling ; Melt Flow Behavior ; CrMnNi Steels ; Ceramic Casting ; Melt Infiltration ; Open Access ; Materials science ; Structural engineering ; Metals technology / metallurgy ; Industrial chemistry & chemical engineering ; Mathematical modelling ; Maths for engineers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies::TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCQ Ceramic and glass technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
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    Information—Consciousness—Reality (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: This open access book chronicles the rise of a new scientific paradigm offering novel insights into the age-old enigmas of existence. Over 300 years ago, the human mind discovered the machine code of reality: mathematics. By utilizing abstract thought systems, humans began to decode the workings of the cosmos. From this understanding, the current scientific paradigm emerged, ultimately discovering the gift of technology. Today, however, our island of knowledge is surrounded by ever longer shores of ignorance. Science appears to have hit a dead end when confronted with the nature of reality and consciousness. In this fascinating and accessible volume, James Glattfelder explores a radical paradigm shift uncovering the ontology of reality. It is found to be information-theoretic and participatory, yielding a computational and programmable universe.
    Schlagwort(e): Popular works ; Physics ; Epistemology ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Philosophy and science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
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    The Limits of Art (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: This open access book is about exploring interesting borderline cases of art. It discusses the cases of gustatory and olfactory artworks (focusing on food), proprioceptive artworks (dance, martial arts, and rock climbing qua proprioceptive experiences), intellectual artworks (philosophical and scientific theories), as well as the vague limits between painting and photography. The book focuses on the author’s research about what counts as art and what does not, as well as on the nature of these limits. Overall, the author defends a very inclusive view, 'extending' the limits of art, and he argues for its virtues. Some of the limits discussed concern our senses (our different perceptual modalities), some concern vagueness and fuzzy boundaries between different types of works of art, some concern the amount of human intention and intervention in the process of creation of an artwork, and some concern the border between art and science. In these various ways, by understanding better such borderline cases, Benovsky suggests that we get a better grip on an understanding of the nature of art.
    Schlagwort(e): Analytic Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Fine Arts ; Fine Art ; Proprioceptive art ; Gustatory art ; Olfactory art ; Visual art ; Intellectual art ; Sensory dependence ; Art and Photography ; Art and Philosophy ; Types of art ; Non-visual and non-auditory artworks ; analyzing paintings and photographs ; borderline cases of art ; vague limits between painting and photography ; Open Access ; Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; Philosophy: aesthetics ; Fine arts: art forms ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 -::HPCF5 Analytical philosophy & Logical Positivism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AF Art forms ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR9 Analytical philosophy and Logical Positivism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    Affe und Affekt (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-24
    Beschreibung: Diese Open-Access-Publikation mit dem Titel "Affe und Affekt" untersucht anhand populärwissenschaftlicher Forschungsmemoiren die Form und Funktion von Emotionen, Affekten und Gefühlen in der Feldforschung mit Affen – und wie gerade Literatur und Film das Verhältnis von Mensch, Affe und Affekt für die Wissenschaft produktiv reflektieren und analysieren. Der Mensch ist evolutionär betrachtet ein Affe unter anderen. Doch nennt er sich selbst homo sapiens, die anderen Affen im besten Fall die ‚Menschenaffen‘ - sonst aber pans, pongos oder papios. Diese Unterscheidung ist nur ein kleines Puzzlestück in einer emotionsgetriebenen Rhetorik der Primatologie, der Wissenschaft von den Affen.
    Schlagwort(e): Literature ; Literature ; Ethnology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 8
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    Tourismus und Klimawandel (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer Spektrum
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-16
    Beschreibung: Diese Open-Access-Publikation beleuchtet die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen Tourismus und Klimawandel für die Tourismusdestination Österreich und basiert auf einer umfassenden Erhebung, Zusammenfassung und Bewertung des aktuellen Standes der Forschung zu diesem Thema. Für diesen Bericht haben 40 Wissenschaftler*innen führender Forschungseinrichtungen, unterstützt durch ein internationales Team an Begutachter*innen, mehr als zwei Jahre intensiv zusammengearbeitet. Die dargestellten Forschungsarbeiten zum Einfluss des Klimawandels auf den Tourismus gehen davon aus, dass sich die in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zu erwartenden Veränderungen des Klimas sehr stark auf die österreichische Tourismusbranche auswirken werden. Allerdings fällt dem Sektor auch eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle als Mitverursacher des Klimawandels zu. Aktuellen Untersuchungen zufolge verursacht der Tourismus rund 8% aller globalen CO2-Emissionen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden für die verschiedenen Teilaspekte des touristischen Angebots geeignete Minderungs- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Der Bericht verdeutlicht insbesondere die spezifische Betroffenheit der touristischen Outdoor-Aktivitäten vom Wintersport bis zum Golftourismus, beschreibt die neuen Herausforderungen für den Städtetourismus und die Organisation von Events und beleuchtet ausführlich, wie Anpassungsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere im Bereich der Mobilität, der Beherbergung, touristischer Indoor-Angebote, sowie der Gastronomie und Kulinarik, ausgestaltet und umgesetzt werden können. Dabei werden die Verantwortung und die Möglichkeiten des Reisenden ebenso dargestellt, wie die Handlungsoptionen von Betrieben, Destinationen und der rahmensetzenden nationalen Politik. Das Buch macht deutlich, dass, um die Pariser Klimaziele erreichen zu können, ein veränderter Lebensstil und rasche Umsetzungsschritte notwendig sind. Wie dieser „Paris-Lifestyle“ erreicht werden könnte und welche Herausforderungen auf diesem Weg bewältigt werden müssen, verdeutlichen die zusammenfassenden Schlusskapitel. Die vorliegende differenzierte Aufbereitung des Themas für alle Reisenden, die Tourismusbranche und die Politik war nur durch eine gezielte Förderung aus Mitteln des Klima- und Energiefonds im Rahmen des Programms „Austrian Climate Research Programme – ACRP“ möglich.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Change Management and Policy ; Tourism Management ; Environmental Sciences ; Earth System Sciences ; Industries ; Klimawandel ; Tourismus ; Klima ; Mobilität ; Transport ; Fremdenverkehr ; Beherbergungsbetriebe ; Gastronomie ; Outdoor-Aktivitäten ; Wirtschaft ; The environment ; Hospitality, leisure & tourism industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution & threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNS Service industries
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 9
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    Gender Innovation and Migration in Switzerland (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-20
    Beschreibung: This open access book analyses migration and its relation to socio-political transformation in Switzerland. It addresses how migration has made new forms of life possible and shows how this process generated gender innovation in different fields: the changing division of work, the establishment of a nursery infrastructure, access to higher education for women, and the struggle for female suffrage. Seeing society through the lens of migration alters the perspective from which our past and thus our present is told—and our future imagined.
    Schlagwort(e): Political science ; Europe—Politics and government ; Emigration and immigration ; Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    When Can Oil Economies Be Deemed Sustainable? (2020)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-24
    Beschreibung: This open access book questions the stereotype depicting all Gulf (GCC) economies as not sustainable, and starts a critical discussion of what these economies and polities should do to guarantee themselves a relatively stable future. Volatile international oil markets and the acceleration of the energy transition has challenged the notion that oil revenues are sufficient to sustain oil economies in the near to medium term. But what is the meaning of economic sustainability? The book discusses the multiple dimensions of the concept: economic diversification, continuing value of resources, taxation and fiscal development, labor market sustainability, sustainable income distribution, environmental sustainability, political order (democracy or authoritarianism) and sustainability, regional integration. The overarching message in this book is that we should move on from the simplistic branding of the Gulf economies as unsustainable and tackle the details of which adaptations they might need to undertake.
    Schlagwort(e): International Political Economy ; Sustainable Development ; Natural Resource and Energy Economics ; Energy Policy, Economics and Management ; Middle Eastern Politics ; Middle Eastern and North African Economics ; International Relations ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Environmental Economics ; Economy-wide Country Studies ; Open Access ; Sustainability of GCC Development ; New Global Oil Order ; Economic sustainability in resource-rich states ; Gulf Economic Diversification and Sustainable Development ; Political Economy of Diversification ; Economic Transformation vs. Diversification ; Oil and Economic Diversification ; Fiscal dimensions of Economic Sustainability ; Labour Market dimensions of Economic Sustainability ; Hydrocarbon Endowment in the Gulf Region ; Normalizing the Saudi Economy ; Inclusive Growth in the Gulf Region ; Saudi Private Sector’s Contribution to Fiscal Sustainability ; Economic Sustainability and the Energy Transition ; Economic Diversification in the MENA ; Peak Oil and the Energy Transition in the MENA ; Economic Diversification Through Energy Sector Reform ; Energy Pricing Reform in the Gulf Region ; Climate Strategy for Producer Countries ; Political economy ; Sustainability ; Environmental economics ; Energy technology & engineering ; Energy industries & utilities ; Politics & government ; Middle East ; Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
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    Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2020, which took place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, and was held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The 31 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover topics such as categorical models and logics; language theory, automata, and games; modal, spatial, and temporal logics; type theory and proof theory; concurrency theory and process calculi; rewriting theory; semantics of programming languages; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification; logics of programming; software specification and refinement; models of concurrent, reactive, stochastic, distributed, hybrid, and mobile systems; emerging models of computation; logical aspects of computational complexity; models of software security; and logical foundations of data bases.​
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematical Logic and Foundations ; Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science ; Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters ; Programming Techniques ; Logic in AI ; Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks ; categorical models and logics ; language theory, automata, and games ; modal, spatial, and temporal logics ; type theory and proof theory ; concurrency theory and process calculi ; rewriting theory ; semantics of programming languages ; program analysis, correctness, transformation, and verification ; logics of programming ; software specification and refinement ; emerging models of computation ; logical aspects of computational complexity ; models of software security ; logical foundations of data bases ; mathematics ; artificial intellegence ; formal logic ; linguistics ; Mathematical foundations ; Mathematical logic ; Discrete mathematics ; Maths for computer scientists ; Programming & scripting languages: general ; Compilers & interpreters ; Computer programming / software engineering ; Artificial intelligence ; Computer networking & communications ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBD Discrete mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMX Programming and scripting languages: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.
    Schlagwort(e): Bioethics ; Drug Resistance ; Infectious Diseases ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics ; Medical Microbiology ; Internal Medicine ; antimicrobial resistance ; public health ethics ; collective responsibility ; infectious disease ; global health ; hospital acquired infection ; animal ethics ; animal epidemiology ; TB resistance and human rights ; TB resistance in developing countries ; privacy and data collection ; ethics and AMR regulation ; ethics of drug development ; Pharmacology ; Infectious & contagious diseases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJC Diseases and disorders::MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
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    Digital Libraries (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-27
    Beschreibung: 16th Italian Research Conference on Digital Libraries, IRCDL 2020, Bari, Italy, January 30–31, 2020, Proceedings
    Schlagwort(e): Digital libraries ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications (2020)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in September 2020. The 60 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 111 submissions. The were organized in topical sections on haptic science, haptic technology, and haptic applications. This year's focus is on accessibility.
    Schlagwort(e): User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction ; Robotics ; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems ; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) ; Image Processing and Computer Vision ; Computer and Information Systems Applications ; Computer Vision ; communication systems ; computer networks ; data communication systems ; display devices ; engineering ; haptic devices ; haptic interfaces ; human engineering ; Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) ; mobile computing ; network protocols ; robotics ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; user interfaces ; virtual reality ; wireless telecommunication systems ; User interface design & usability ; Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; Information retrieval ; Internet searching ; Image processing ; Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    Education and Development in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-24
    Beschreibung: This open access edited volume offers an analysis of the entangled histories of education and development in twentieth-century Africa. It deals with the plurality of actors that competed and collaborated to formulate educational and developmental paradigms and projects: debating their utility and purpose, pondering their necessity and risk, and evaluating their intended and unintended consequences in colonial and postcolonial moments. Since the late nineteenth century, the “educability” of the native was the subject of several debates and experiments: numerous voices, arguments, and agendas emerged, involving multiple institutions and experts, governmental and non-governmental, religious and laic, operating from the corridors of international organizations to the towns and rural villages of Africa. This plurality of expressions of political, social, cultural, and economic imagination of education and development is at the core of this collective work.
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational policy ; Education and state ; International education  ; Comparative education ; Education—History ; Economic development ; Imperialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTQ Colonialism & imperialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNB History of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 16
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    Do toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species pose a threat to aquaculture in the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system? (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, Elsevier, 99, pp. 101919, ISSN: 15689883
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-13
    Beschreibung: The productive but highly exposed coastline of the southern Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system offers limited natural environment for aquaculture. Saldanha Bay located on the west coast of South Africa is one of the few embayments on the coastline that provides a productive and relatively sheltered environment suitable for the cultivation of shellfish. Consequently, bivalve culture in South Africa is centered in Saldanha Bay and is presently targeted for expansion. Pseudo-nitzschia blooms including toxin-producing species are shown to contribute significantly to the phytoplankton of Saldanha Bay specifically in spring and summer. Their dominance at this time of the year, when upwelling is strongest, fits the ecological profile of Pseudo-nitzschia occurring during periods of high turbulence and nutrients. Multiple Pseudo-nitzschia blooms were sampled under varying environmental conditions and the strength of the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance and particulate domoic acid (pDA) content, reflecting bloom toxicity, varied greatly. This variability is the result of the combined influence of species and strain composition of the Pseudo-nitzschia assemblage and the effect of environmental conditions on toxin production. Elevated levels of pDA were associated with higher concentrations of cells of the P. seriata complex differentiated by frustule width (〉3 µm). P. australis was identified as a toxin-producing species and a prominent member of the P. seriata complex. Low DA levels in shellfish in Saldanha Bay are considered a function of low cellular domoic acid (cDA). Silicate limitation has emerged as an important factor inducing DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia species. The high ratio of silicate to nitrate in Saldanha Bay provides a plausible explanation for the low toxin content of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the bay and the consequent low risk posed by these blooms to the aquaculture sector.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 17
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    New insights on metals in the Arctic aerosol in a climate changing world (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-25
    Beschreibung: Ship traffic, population, infrastructure development, and mining activities are expected to increase in the Arctic due to its rising temperatures. This is expected to produce a major impact on aerosol composition. Metals contained in atmospheric particles are powerful markers and can be extremely helpful to gain insights on the different aerosol sources. Thiswork aims at studying the sources of metals in the Arctic aerosol sampled at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; Greenland, 76.5°N 68.8°W). Due to the particular composition of Greenlandic soils and to properties of other sources, it was possible to find several signatures of natural and anthropogenic aerosols transported from local and long-range regions. Arctic haze (AH) at Thule builds up on long-range transported aerosol mainly from Canada and Nord America. From a chemical standpoint, this aerosol is characterized by a high concentration of sulfate, Pb, As and Cd and by a La/Ce ratio larger than 1. The Ti/Al and Fe/Al ratios in the AH aerosol are lower (Ti/Al = 0.04 w/w; Fe/ Al= 0.79 w/w) than for local aerosol (Ti/Al= 0.07 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.89 w/w). Conversely, aerosol arising from coastal areas of South-West Greenland is characterized by a high concentration of V,Ni, and Cr. These metals, generally considered anthropogenic, arise heremainly fromnatural crustal sources. In some summer samples, however, the V/Ni ratio becomes larger than 3. In particular, cases displaying this characteristic ratio, as also shown by backward trajectories, are associated with sporadic transport to Thule of ship aerosol from ships passing through Baffin Bay and arriving to Thule during summer. Although further measurements are necessary to confirm the discussed results, the analysis carried out in this work on a large number of metals sampled in coastal Greenland aerosol is unprecedented.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 140511
    Beschreibung: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Subduction-related melt refertilisation and alkaline metasomatism in the Eastern Transylvanian Basin lithospheric mantle: Evidence from mineral chemistry and noble gases in fluid inclusions (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-25
    Beschreibung: Calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatic activity is generally separated in space and/or in time. The Eastern Transylvanian Basin in Romania is one of the few places where, during Pleistocene, alkaline eruptions occurred contemporaneously with the calc-alkaline activity. Mantle xenoliths entrained in Perşani Mts. alkaline volcanic products have been studied in order to investigate the interaction of metasomatic agents of different magmatic affinities with the mantle wedge. Based on mineral major and trace element and noble gases in fluid inclusions, two main events have been recognized. The first was a pervasive, complete re-fertilization of a previously depleted mantle by a calc-alkaline subduction-related melt, causing the formation of very fertile, amphibole-bearing lithotypes. This is shown by the a) increased amounts of modal clinopyroxene up to 21.9 % with Al2O3 contents up to 8.16 wt%, higher than what is expected for clinopyroxene in Primordial Mantle; b) 4He/40Ar* ratios up to 1.2, within the reported range for mantle production; c) 3He/4He in olivine, opx and cpx of 5.8 ± 0.2 Ra, among the most radiogenic values of European mantle, below the typical MORB mantle value (8 ± 1 Ra), reflecting recycling of crustal material in the local lithosphere. The second event is related to later interaction with an alkaline metasomatic agent similar to the host basalts that caused slight LREE enrichment in pyroxenes and disseminated amphiboles and precipitation of vein amphiboles with a composition similar to amphiboles megacrysts also found in the Perşani Mts. volcanic deposits. This is highlighted by the 4He/40Ar* and 3He/4He values found in some opx and cpx, up to 2.5 and 6.6 Ra, respectively, more typical of magmatic fluids.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105516
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Mantle refertilisation ; Eastern Transylvanian Basin ; Noble gases ; Post-collisional ; Subduction-related metasomatism ; Solid Earth ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Mush cannibalism and disruption recorded by clinopyroxene phenocrysts at Stromboli volcano: New insights from recent 2003–2017 activity (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: The Present-day (〈1.2 kyr) activity of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy) is fed by a vertically-extended mush column with an open-conduit configuration. The eruptive products are the result of periodic supply of mafic magma (low porphyritic or Lp-magma) from depth into a homogeneous shallow reservoir (highly porphyritic or Hp-magma). Clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the 2003–2017 activity exhibit marked diopside-augite heterogeneities caused by continuous Lp-Hp magma mixing and antecryst recycling. Diopsidic bands record Lp-recharge injected into the shallow Hp-reservoir, whereas resorbed diopsidic cores testify to the continuous disruption and cannibalism of relic antecrysts from the mush. The transition between diopside (∼1175 °C) and augite (∼1130 °C) takes place at comparable P (∼190 MPa) and H2O (0.5–2.4 wt%) conditions. Short timescales (∼1 year) for diopsidic bands from the 2003 paroxysm document restricted temporal intervals between mafic injection, magma mixing and homogenization in the Hp-reservoir. Longer timescales (∼4–182 years) for diopsidic cores indicate protracted antecryst remobilization times. By comparing clinopyroxenes from the Present-day and Post-Pizzo eruptions, we argue a distinct phase in the life of Stromboli volcano is evident from the 2003 paroxysm onwards. More efficient mechanisms of mush disruption and cannibalism involve diopsidic antecrysts remobilized and transported by Lp-magmas permeating the mush, in concert with gravitational instability of the solidification front and melt migration within the shallow Hp-reservoir. Magmatic injections feeding the persistent Present-day activity are more intensively mixed and homogenized prior to eruption, reflecting small recharge volumes and/or a more mafic system in which the mafic inputs are less pronounced.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105440
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Stick-slip vs. stable sliding fault behaviour: A case-study using a multidisciplinary approach in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: In active volcanic zones, fault dynamics is considerably fast but it is often difficult to separate the pattern of nearly continuous large-scale volcanic processes (inflation/deflation processes, flank instability) from impulsive episodes such as dyke intrusions or coseismic fault displacements. At Etna, multidisciplinary studies on active faults whose activity does not strictly depend on volcanic processes, are relatively few. Here we present the case-study of the San Leonardello fault, an active structure located in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna characterised by a well-known seismic history. This fault saw renewed activity in May 2009, when pre-seismic creeping along the southern segment preceded an MW 4.0 earthquake in the northern segment, followed by some twenty-five aftershocks. Later, in March–April 2016, creep events reactivated the southern section of the same fault. Both the seismic and aseismic phenomena were recorded by the seismic and GNSS networks of INGV-Osservatorio Etneo, and produced surface faulting that left a footprint in the pattern of ground deformation detected by the InSAR measurements. We demonstrate that the integration of multidisciplinary data collected for volcano surveillance may shed light on different aspects of fault dynamics, and allow understanding how coseismic slip and creep alternate in space and time along the strike. Moreover, we use findings from our independent datasets to propose a conceptual model of the San Leonardello fault, taking into account behaviour and previous constraints from fault-based seismic hazard analyses. Although the faulting mechanisms described here occur at a very small scale compared with those of a purely tectonic setting, this case-study may represent a perfect natural lab for improving knowledge of seismogenic processes, also in other fault zones characterised by stick slip vs. stablesliding fault behaviour.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 228554
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Fault ; Earthquake ; Creep ; Seismotectonics ; Behaviour ; Mt. Etna volcano ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    The role of trapped fluids during the development and deformation of a carbonate/shale intra-wedge tectonic mélange (Mt. Massico, Southern Apennines, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: Numerous studies exist on exhumed tectonic mélanges along subduction channels whereas, in accretionary wedge interiors, deformation mechanisms and related fluid circulation in tectonic mélanges are still underexplored. We combine structural and microstructural observations with geochemical (stable and clumped isotopes and isotope composition of noble gases in fluid inclusions of calcite veins) and U-Pb geochronological data to define deformation mechanisms and syn-tectonic fluid circulation within the Mt. Massico intra-wedge tectonic mélange, located in the inner part of the central-southern Apennines accretionary wedge, Italy. This mélange developed by shear deformation at the base of a clastic succession. Deformation was characterized by disruption of the primary bedding, mixing, and deformation of relicts of competent olistoliths and strata within a weak matrix of deformed clayey and marly interbeds. Recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting fracturing/veining and pressure-solution processes generated a block-in-matrix texture. The geochemical signatures of syntectonic calcite veins suggest calcite precipitation in a closed system from warm (108°-147 °C) paleofluids, with δ18O vlaues between þ9‰ and 14‰, such as trapped pore waters after extensive 18O exchange with the local limestone host rock and/or derived by clay dehydration processes at T 〉 120 °C. The 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions are lower than 0.1 Ra, indicating that He was exclusively sourced from the crust. We conclude that: (1) intraformational rheological contrasts, inherited trapped fluids, and low-permeability barriers such as marlyshaly matrix, can promote the generation of intra-wedge tectonic mélanges and the development of transient fluid overpressure; (2) clay-rich tectonic mélanges, developed along intra-wedge décollement layers, may generate low-permeability barriers hindering the fluid redistribution within accretionary wedges.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104086
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Tectonic mélange ; Fluid-rock interaction ; Stable and clumped isotopes ; Noble gases ; Fold and thrust belt ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Physics-based simulation of sequences with multiple main shocks in Central Italy (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved
    Beschreibung: The application of a physics-based earthquake simulator to Central Italy allowed the compilation of a synthetic seismic catalogue spanning 100 000 yr, containing more than 300 000 M ≥ 4.0 simulated earthquakes, without the limitations that real catalogues suffer in terms of completeness, homogeneity and time duration. The seismogenic model upon which we applied the simulator code was derived from version 3.2.1 of the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS; http://diss.rm.ingv.it/diss/), selecting, and modifying where appropriate, all the fault systems that are recognized in the portion of Central Italy considered in this study, with a total of 54 faults. Besides tectonic stress loading and static stress transfer as in the previous versions, the physical model on which the latest version of our simulation algorithm is based also includes the Rate and State constitutive law that helps to reproduce Omori’s law. One further improvement in our code was also the introduction of trapezoidalshaped faults that perform better than known faults. The resulting synthetic seismic catalogue exhibits typical magnitude, space and time features which are comparable to those in real observations. These features include the total seismic moment rate, the earthquake magnitude distribution, and the short- and medium-term earthquake clustering. A typical aspect of the observed seismicity in Central Italy, aswell as across thewhole Italian landmass and elsewhere, is the occurrence of earthquake sequences characterized by multiple main shocks of similar magnitude. These sequences are different from the usual earthquake clusters and aftershock sequences, since they have at least two main shocks of similar magnitude. Therefore, special attentionwas devoted to verifyingwhether the simulated catalogue includes this notable aspect. For this purpose, we developed a computer code especially for this work to count the number of multiple events contained in a seismic catalogue under a quantitative definition. We found that the last version of the simulator code produces a slightly larger number of multiple events than the previous versions, but not as large as in the real catalogue. A possible reason for this drawback is the lack of components such as pore-pressure changes due to fluid-diffusion in the adopted physical model.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 526–542
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Modelling and physico-chemical constraints to the 4.5 ka Agnano-Monte Spina Plinian eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The 4.5 ka trachytic Plinian eruption of Agnano-Monte Spina is the largest magnitude event of the past 5 ka at Campi Flegrei caldera. The complete eruptive sequence consists of six members, three of which, named A, B and D, are characterized by the association of fallout and pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits well preserved at proximal locations. In this study, we analyze the textural characteristics of the pumice clasts of the three major fallout deposits (A1, B1, D1) and of their associated PDC deposits (A2, B2, D2), and link them to the physical properties of magma in order to investigate conduit fluid dynamics. A combination of data (field work, grain-size and density measurements, vesicle number densities and size distributions, crystal content, water content) is used to set up the source term conditions for numerical simulations. Each fall/PDC transition is accompanied by distinctive changes in textural properties of the juveniles, recognized by a lowering in vesicle number densities of about one order of magnitude (from 108 to 107 cm−3), indicating a significant decrease in the magma ascent rate. Melt inclusions show a marked decrease in volatile content recurrent at each fall/PDC transition and indicate that the three main pulses of the eruption were fed by distinct and progressively deeper magma batches. Numerical simulations, taking into account magma properties derived from the textural analyses, and variations in initial water content, show decreases in the exit velocities and Mass Discharge Rate (MDR) consistent with such fall/PDC transitions. Different initial water contents together with changes in conduit diameters allow us to simulate the different column heights reconstructed for the three Plinian phases. The reconstructed scenario for the Agnano-Monte Spina eruption involves a stop-start behavior and a top-down trigger for the most voluminous and intense eruptive episode D.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 119301
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Campi flegrei ; Plinian eruptions ; Textural analysis ; VSD ; CSD ; Numerical modeling
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    Daily transcriptomes of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus during the summer solstice at high Arctic latitudes (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: The zooplankter Calanus finmarchicus is a member of the so-called “Calanus Complex”, a group of copepods that constitutes a key element of the Arctic polar marine ecosystem, providing a crucial link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Climate change induces the shift of C. finmarchicus to higher latitudes with currently unknown impacts on its endogenous timing. Here we generated a daily transcriptome of C. finmarchicus at two high Arctic stations, during the more extreme time of Midnight Sun, the summer solstice. While the southern station (74.5 °N) was sea ice-free, the northern one (82.5 °N) was sea ice-covered. The mRNAs of the 42 samples have been sequenced with an average of 126 ± 5 million reads (mean ± SE) per sample, and aligned to the reference transcriptome. We detail the quality assessment of the datasets and the complete annotation procedure, providing the possibility to investigate daily gene expression of this ecologically important species at high Arctic latitudes, and to compare gene expression according to latitude and sea ice-coverage.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Blue economy discourses and practices: reconfiguring ocean spaces in the Philippines (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Maritime Studies, Springer Nature, 19(2), pp. 207-221, ISSN: 1872-7859
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Blue economy initiatives have emerged along marine and coastal areas, seeking to bring the green economy into a ‘blue world’. Often defined as a global policy agenda, blue economy discourses and practices aim to generate ‘blue growth’ by linking poverty reduction, social equality, and marine conservation. While global and national policies have spent decades addressing coastal resource management, broader blue economy discourses and practices seem, on the surface, to promote economic growth strategies for marine conservation. Increasingly, new market-oriented programs and projects aim to tap the financial value of the ocean’s ‘blue capital’, ostensibly fostering income generation and sustainable solutions for conservation finance. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and key-informant interviews across scales, we examine the meanings and practices of the blue economy in Southeast Asia and in the Philippines. As an archipelagic nation, millions of coastal dwellers in the Philippines depend on oceans as a major source of livelihood, food security, and well-being. We examine how multilateral institutions, bilateral organisations, state agencies, civil society organisations, and other key actors represent and enact the blue economy discursively and in practice. We find that oceans are being imagined as an open frontier that must be managed and utilised for both conservation and economic purposes. New territorialisation processes are creating new borders and management structures that often bypass social and environmental safeguards, posing a major threat to coastal dwellers. We conclude that by foregrounding economic development and coastal management, more socially just and environmentally sustainable governance approaches are neglected.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 26
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    An evaluation of the C/N ratio of the mantle from natural CO2-rich gas analysis: Geochemical and cosmochemical implications (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-31
    Beschreibung: The terrestrial carbon to nitrogen ratio is a key geochemical parameter that can provide information on the nature of Earth's precursors, accretion/differentiation processes of our planet, as well as on the volatile budget of Earth. In principle, this ratio can be determined from the analysis of volatile elements trapped in mantle-derived rocks like mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), corrected for fractional degassing during eruption. However, this correction is critical and previous attempts have adopted different approaches which led to contrasting C/N estimates for the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) (Marty and Zimmermann, 1999; Bergin et al., 2015). Here we consider the analysis of CO2-rich gases worldwide for which a mantle origin has been determined using noble gas isotopes in order to evaluate the C/N ratio of the mantle source regions. These gases experienced little fractionation due to degassing, as indicated by radiogenic ⁎ values (where 4He and 40Ar* are produced by the decay of U+Th, and 40K isotopes, respectively) close to the mantle production/accumulation values. The C/N and ratios of gases investigated here are within the range of values previously observed in oceanic basalts. They point to an elevated mantle C/N ratio (∼350-470, molar) higher than those of potential cosmochemical accretionary endmembers. For example, the BSE C/N and ratios (160-220 and , respectively) are higher than those of CM-CI chondrites but within the range of CV-CO groups. This similarity suggests that the Earth accreted from evolved planetary precursors depleted in volatile and moderately volatile elements. Hence the high composition of the BSE may be an inherited feature rather than the result of terrestrial differentiation. The and ratios of the surface (atmosphere plus crust) and of the mantle cannot be easily linked to any known chondritic composition. However, these compositions are consistent with early sequestration of carbon into the mantle (but not N and noble gases), permitting the establishment of clement temperatures at the surface of our planet.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 116574
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Magma ascent at floor-fractured craters diagnoses the lithospheric stress state on the Moon (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-31
    Beschreibung: On the Moon, floor-fractured craters (FFCs) present evidence of horizontal crater-centred magmatic intrusions. Crater floor uplift and moat formation indicate that these sill intrusions occur at shallow depths ( 〈 10 km). While a recent study has demonstrated that magma ascent below FFCs and mare-filled craters was triggered by crater unloading, the mechanism leading to the emplacement of shallow sills is still poorly understood. Here we show that the local stress field due to crater unloading is also responsible for the horizontalisation of the magma flow leading to sill-like intrusions. On Earth, caldera formation has been shown to similarly affect magma trajectories, inducing the formation of a sill-shaped storage zone. Magma ascent to shallow depths below FFCs was however made possible because of a regional tensional stress caused by mare loading on the lunar lithosphere. We show that the tensional stress generated by elastic lithosphere deformation caused by mare loading combined to the local crater stress field can explain the distribution of FFCs on the Moon, with the smallest FFCs being located over a larger distance range from the mare. In particular, FFCs distribution around Oceanus Procellarum is consistent with an average load thickness of ∼ 1 km. This study suggests that magma trajectory in the crust of terrestrial planets can provide a diagnostic of the lithospheric structure and state of stress.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 115889
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    Petrological and noble gas features of Lascar and Lastarria volcanoes (Chile): Inferences on plumbing systems and mantle characteristics (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-16
    Beschreibung: Lascar (5592 m a.s.l.) and Lastarria (5697 m a.s.l.) are Chilean active stratovolcanoes located in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ; 16°S to 28°S) that have developed on top of a 71 km thick continental crust. Independently of the similarities in their Plinian/Vulcanian eruptive styles, their complex magmatic feeding structures and the origins of their magmatic fluids still necessitate constraints in order to improve the reliability of geochemical monitoring. Here we investigate the petrography, bulk-rock chemistry, and mineral chemistry in products from the 1986–1993 explosive eruptive cycle at Lascar and from several Holocene eruptive sequences at Lastarria. These data are integratedwith measurements of the noble gas isotopes in fluid inclusions (FIs) of minerals fromthe same products as well as in fumarole gases. The geochemistry ofminerals and rocks shows that the studied products belong to high-K–calc-alkaline series typical of subduction-related settings, and provide evidence of differentiation,mixing, and crustal assimilation that are higher at Lastarria. The contribution of slab sediments and fluids to magma genesis in thewedge is limited, suggesting a homogeneous mantle beneath CVZ. The deepest crystallization processes occurred at variable levels of the plumbing systems according to the lithostatic equivalent depths estimated with mineral equilibrium geobarometers at Lascar (15–29 km) and Lastarria (~20–40 km). The 40Ar/36Ar and 4He/20Ne ratios in FIs and fumarole gases indicate the presence of some degree of air contamination in the fluids from both volcanoes. The 3He/4He values at Lascar (6.9–7.3 Ra) are relatively homogeneous and comparable to those of fumaroles, suggesting a main zone of magma crystallization and degassing. In contrast, the 3He/4He values at Lastarria (5.31–8.01 Ra) vary over a wide range, suggesting various magma storage levels and providing evidence of crustal contamination, as indicated by the rock chemistry.We argue thatmantle beneath the two volcanoes has a MORB-like signature of 3He/4He, while local crustal contamination explains the lower ratios measured at Lascar.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105615
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Lascar ; Lastarria ; noble gases ; Fluid inclusions ; Crustal contamination ; Mantle wedge ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
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    Origin and hazard of CO2 and H2S emissions in the Lavinio-Tor Caldara zone (Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-21
    Beschreibung: Highlights -He isotopic R/Ra of emitted gas decreases moving away from Albani Hills volcano -Total soil flux of endogenous CO2 at Lavinio-Tor Caldara is estimated to 20 ton/day -Tor Caldara gas has the highest H2S content (up to 6.3 vol.%) of central Italy -Repetition of soil CO2 flux survey shows that flux increases during earthquakes -Gas air concentration monitoring shows that H2S is the killer gas of small animals
    Beschreibung: Gas hazard was evaluated at Lavinio-Tor Caldara, the southernmost gas-discharging zone of the quiescent Albani Hills volcano in central Italy. Also this zone, like the other gas discharges of this volcanic complex, is located above a structural high of the buried Mesozoic carbonate basement, which represents the main reservoir for gas rising from depth. All extensional faults affecting the carbonates are leaking pathways along which gas may rise to the surface creating hazardous conditions. Gas is dominated by CO2 (〉90 vol.%) and the second component at Lavinio-Tor Caldara is H2S that displays the highest content (4.0-6.3 vol.%) of all gas manifestations of the Rome region. This H2S enrichment corresponds to a marked decrease in 3He/4He (R/Ra) isotopic ratio suggesting that gas was contaminated in an upper crustal environment. The main gas discharge occurs at the natural reserve of Tor Caldara, in zones where past sulphur mining excavations removed the surficial impervious cover, or along a ditch. Comparison of the results of four soil CO2 flux surveys carried out in 2005-2018 at Miniera Grande within Tor Caldara, indicates that the highest soil CO2 release occurs shortly after local earthquakes. Continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2S air concentration and of wind speed has been carried out for four months in twelve anomalous gas realising sites of Tor Caldara. Results indicate that only H2S reaches lethal concentration (〉250 ppm) near the soil in no wind nights, explaining the presence of small dead animals. At Lavinio, the main soil gas release occurs near old water wells that likely produced a gas blowout during drilling. A total release of over 20 tons/day from 2.93 km2 of gas of endogenous origin, has been estimated for the Lavinio-Tor Caldara area by a detailed soil CO2 flux survey (2,572 measurement points over an area of 3.65 km2). The main structural lineaments of the area have N-S and W-E directions, but also NE-SW and NW-SE directions are well represented. Some sectors of the investigated area are exposed to a severe gas hazard for people and animals and precautionary measures should be adopted.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106985
    Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): •Lavinio-Tor Caldara, southern periphery of Albani Hills volcano ; •He isotopic R/Ra values ; •Soil CO2 flux surveys ; •CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; •Gas chemistry ; •Gas hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
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    Geophysical reconstruction of buried geological features and site effects estimation of the Middle Valle Umbra basin (central Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-14
    Beschreibung: The Middle Valle Umbra (central Italy) is a NW-SE 20 km long and 10 km wide Quaternary extensional basin located in the internal sector of the Apennine chain. This area historically experienced strong earthquakes that caused significant damages to the outstanding historical heritage. The same area has been recently hit by the 2016 seismic sequence of Amatrice-Visso-Norcia. With the aim to reconstruct the buried geological structures of the basin, a multi-technique geophysical approach was performed. An extended campaign of ambient noise measurements was carried out to investigate the subsurface setting, and to identify the main geological units. We performed three 2D passive arrays to analyze two different sites within the basin; their aperture was between 150 and 752 m for one site and of 48 m for the other site, to characterize the geological units in terms of sediment thickness and shear-wave velocity profile. Data collected were processed with f-k and MSPAC analysis to extract dispersion curves with good resolution in a frequency range of 0.5–10 Hz and 4.5–18 Hz for the two sites respectively. Spectral ratios were computed for every single station ambient noise measurement performed and for all the stations of the bigger array. Our final target is to extend these results to the whole valley, in order to retrieve the attitude of the main geological units and propose a reliable reconstruction of the subsurface geometry of the basin. Another point of this work is to evaluate the site response in the middle of the valley through the analysis of the earthquakes recorded by the accelerometric station IT.CSA (belonging to the Italian Civil Protection) and the corresponding recordings of the nearby rock station IT.ASS.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 105543
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): site effects ; seismic site characterization ; subsoil model ; spectral ratios ; Valle Umbra ; passive arrays ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
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    Shallow submarine mud volcano in the northern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-16
    Beschreibung: Submarine methane emissions in the Tuscan Archipelago have been studied since the 1960s, both for economic and research purposes. Offshore gas seepage is mainly concentrated southward and westward of Elba island, along N–S faults related to recent extensional activity in the Tuscan shelf and N–S trending positive magnetic anomalies, which have been interpreted as serpentinites associated with ophiolitic rocks due to their very high magnetic susceptibility. This study focuses on the gas chemistry of a new emission site corresponding to a shallow water mud volcano in the Scoglio d’Affrica area. The Scoglio d’Affrica seep has a gas composition typical of mud volcanoes, with methane as the prevalent component (95 vol%) and minor gases which include carbon dioxide, nitrogen and trace amounts of helium. The combined stable C and H isotope composition of CH4 (δ13C and δ2H) and the enrichment in heavy carbon isotopes of CO2, highlight a prevalent secondary microbial origin for these fluids (δ13C~− 35.8‰ vs VPDB; δ2H~− 166‰ vs VSMOW; δ13CCO2 up to + 21.7‰ vs VPDB). Thus, in spite of the occurrence of positive magnetic anomalies, a possible abiotic origin of methane is excluded. Moreover, the gas from the mud volcano is extremely depleted in 3He and presents typical 3He/4He ratios of a geological setting in which radiogenic crustal helium is strongly predominant. A photo-mosaic of the mud volcano is also reported. A possible connection with other submarine methane emissions in the Tuscan Archipelago is limited to emissions located few kilometers from the Scoglio d’Affrica area. Recent emissions in the area suggest that gases similar in composition from distinct reservoirs, find their way to the surface from Eocene deposits in different time intervals and through different faults and fractures, placed along the Elba-Pianosa ridge.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 104722
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine emission ; Mud volcano ; Methane ; Gas geochemistry ; Tyrrhenian sea ; Geochemistry ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 32
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    Noble gas magmatic signature of the Andean Northern Volcanic Zone from fluid inclusions in minerals (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-21
    Beschreibung: Trace volatile elements like He are key for understanding the mantle source signature of magmas and to better constrain the relative roles of subduction and crustal processes to the variability of along-arc chemical and isotopic signatures of magmatic fluids. Here we report on noble gas abundances and isotopic data of Fluid Inclusions (FIs) in eruptive products and/or fumarolic gases from the Colombia-Ecuador segment of Andean Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ). FIs in olivine phenocrysts from Ecuador (El Reventador, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua) yield air-normalized corrected 3He/4He ratios of 7.0–7.4 RA, within the MORB range (8 ± 1 RA). With exception of the Cotopaxi lavas (opx 〈 〈oliv.), these are indistinguishable of those obtained for their cogenetic orthopyroxene pairs and of gas emissions previously reported in literature. Olivine phenocrysts from Nevado del Ruiz fissure lavas also yield the highest 3He/4He (8.5 ± 0.3 RA) for this volcanic system, which is in the range of fumarolic gases for Galeras (previously reported as high as 8.8 RA and here measured to a maximum of 8.3 ± 0.1 RA). Our dataset highlights disparities between isotope signatures of eruptive products from Ecuador (avg. ~7.2 RA) and those reported for the Colombian portion of the NVZ (avg. ~8.5 RA). Previous studies on the geochemistry of erupted products put in evidence significant along-arc variations ascribed either to the involvement of different slab components, or to variable depths of evolution of arc magmas within the continental crust. However, the same variation is not discernible in the signature of noble gases, especially helium, from FIs and gas emissions analyzed in this study, with little inter-variation between Cotopaxi, Reventador and Tungurahua (all within 0.2 RA from the Ecuador average of 7.2) and Galeras and Nevado del Ruiz, whose maximum values differ by ~0.3 RA. We therefore suggest a homogenous MORB-like 3He/4He signature for the mantle wedge beneath this arc segment, whereby along-arc variations in crustal thickness (from 〈35 km at the northernmost part of the segment to ≥50 km at the Ecuadorian arc segment) may factor largely into the variability recorded on our data set. The first CO2/3He ratios obtained in FIs from Andean rocks support the hypothesis of increasing crustal contamination from Colombia to Ecuador, concomitant with increasing crustal thicknesses under the respective arc regions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 119966
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Andean Volcanic Belt ; Northern Volcanic Zone ; Fluid inclusions ; Noble gases ; Helium ; Crustal thickness ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 33
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    Explosive mud volcano eruptions and rafting of mud breccia blocks (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-21
    Beschreibung: Azerbaijan hosts the highest density of subaerial mud volcanoes on Earth. The morphologies characterizing these structures vary depending on their geological setting, frequency of eruption, and transport processes during the eruptions. Lokbatan is possibly the most active mud volcano on Earth exhibiting impressive bursting events every ∼5 years. These manifest with impressive gas flares that may reach more than 100 meters in height and the bursting of thousands of m3 of mud breccia resulting in spectacular mud flows that extend for more than 1.5 kilometres. Unlike other active mud volcanoes, to our knowledge Lokbatan never featured any visual evidence of enduring diffuse degassing (e.g., active pools and gryphons) at and near the central crater. Only a very small new-born gryphon was intermittently active in 2019 (with negligible flow). Gas flux measurements completed with a closed-chamber technique reveal extremely low values throughout the structure with average CH4 = 1.36 tonnes yr−1 and CO2 = 11.85 tonnes yr−1. We suggest that after eruptive events, the mud breccia is able to seal the structure preventing gas release and thereby promoting overpressure build-up in the subsurface. This self-sealing mechanism allows a fast recharge of Lokbatan resulting in more frequent and powerful explosive episodes. Our field observations reveal the presence of large (up to ∼50,000 m3) stratified blocks that were originally part of a large crater cone. These blocks were rafted 〉1 km from the vent on top of mud breccia flows. We use a model based on lubrication theory to show that it is reasonable to transport blocks this large and this far provided the underlying mud flow was thick enough and the blocks are large enough. The presence of large rafted blocks is not a unique phenomenon observed at Lokbatan mud volcano and is documented at other large-scale structures both onshore and offshore.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 116699
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Lokbatan mud volcano Azerbaijan ; rafted mud breccia megablocks ; gas flux ; self-sealing ; explosive eruptions ; lubrication theory ; Solid Earth ; Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Mating genes in Calonectria and evidence for a heterothallic ancestral state (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 163-176
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-07
    Beschreibung: The genus Calonectria includes many important plant pathogens with a wide global distribution. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of these fungi, we characterised the structure of the mating type locus and flanking genes using the genome sequences for seven Calonectria species. Primers to amplify the mating type genes in other species were also developed. PCR amplification of the mating type genes and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were used to investigate the mating strategies and evolution of mating type in a collection of 70 Calonectria species residing in 10 Calonectria species complexes. Results showed that the organisation of the MAT locus and flanking genes is conserved. In heterothallic species, a novel MAT gene, MAT1-2-12 was identified in the MAT1-2 idiomorph; the MAT1-1 idiomorph, in most cases, contained the MAT1-1-3 gene. Neither MAT1-1-3 nor MAT1-2-12 was found in homothallic Calonectria (Ca.) hongkongensis, Ca. lateralis, Ca. pseudoturangicola and Ca. turangicola. Four different homothallic MAT locus gene arrangements were observed. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis provided evidence that the homothallic state was basal in Calonectria and this evolved from a heterothallic ancestor.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Cylindrocladium ; fungal biology ; fungal pathogens ; MAT locus ; mating type ; phylogeny ; sexual reproduction
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 132-162
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-06
    Beschreibung: Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch’s postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus ; six new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111 (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 301-459
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-08
    Beschreibung: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects’ frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.) from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.) on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.) from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ITS nrDNA barcodes ; LSU ; new taxa ; systematics
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Fungal associates of an invasive pine-infesting bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, including seven new Ophiostomatalean fungi (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 177-195
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-08
    Beschreibung: The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens) is a bark beetle that is native to Central and North America. This insect is well-known to live in association with a large number of Ophiostomatalean fungi. The beetle is considered a minor pest in its native range, but has killed millions of indigenous pine trees in China after its appearance in that country in the late 1990s. In order to increase the base of knowledge regarding the RTB and its symbionts, surveys of the beetle’s fungal associates were initially undertaken in China, and in a subsequent study in its native range in NorthAmerica.Atotal of 30 Ophiostomatalean species that included several undescribed taxa, were identified in these surveys. In the present study, seven of the undescribed taxa collected during the surveys were further characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenies. We proceeded to describe five of these as novel Leptographium spp. and two as new species of Ophiostoma. Four of the Leptographium spp. resided in the G. galeiformis-species complex, while one formed part of the L. olivaceumspecies complex. One Ophiostoma sp. was a member of the O. ips-species complex, while the only new species from China was closely related to O. floccosum. Two of the previously undescribed taxa from North America were shown to be congeneric with L. terebrantis, implying that this species was most often isolated in association with the RTB in North America. The undescribed taxon from North America was identified as O. ips, and like L. terebrantis, this species was also not recognized during the initial North American survey. Resolving the identities of these taxa provides essential baseline information to better understand the movement of fungal pathogens with this beetle. This then enhances our ability to accurately assess and predict the risks of invasions by these and related fungi.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; invasion biology ; phylogenetics ; Scolytinae ; seven new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 38
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    Taxonomy and systematics of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 26-62
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: The circumscription and composition of the Hyaloscyphaceae are controversial and based on poorly sampled or unsupported phylogenies. The generic limits within the hyaloscyphoid fungi are also very poorly understood. To address this issue, a robust five-gene Bayesian phylogeny (LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, mtSSU; 5521 bp) with a focus on the core group of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae is presented here, with comparative morphological and histochemical characters. A wide representative sampling of Hyaloscypha supports it as monophyletic and shows H. aureliella (subgenus Eupezizella) to be a strongly supported sister taxon. Reinforced by distinguishing morphological features, Eupezizella is here recognised as a separate genus, comprising E. aureliella, E. britannica, E. roseoguttata and E. nipponica (previously treated in Hyaloscypha). In a sister group to the Hyaloscypha-Eupezizella clade a new genus, Mimicoscypha, is created for three seldom collected and poorly understood species, M. lacrimiformis, M. mimica (nom. nov.) and M. paludosa, previously treated in Phialina, Hyaloscypha and Eriopezia, respectively. The Arachnopezizaceae is polyphyletic, because Arachnoscypha forms a monophyletic group with Polydesmia pruinosa, distant to Arachnopeziza and Eriopezia; in addition, Arachnopeziza variepilosa represents an early diverging lineage in Hyaloscyphaceae s.str. The hyphae originating from the base of the apothecia in Arachnoscypha are considered anchoring hyphae (vs a subiculum) and Arachnoscypha is excluded from Arachnopezizaceae. A new genus, Resinoscypha, is established to accommodate Arachnopeziza variepilosa and A. monoseptata, originally described in Protounguicularia. Mimicoscypha and Resinoscypha are distinguished among hyaloscyphoid fungi by long tapering multiseptate hairs that are not dextrinoid or glassy, in combination with ectal excipulum cells with deep amyloid nodules. Unique to Resinoscypha is cyanophilous resinous content in the hairs concentrated at the apex and septa. Small intensely amyloid nodules in the hairs are furthermore characteristic for Resinoscypha and Eupezizella. To elucidate species limits and diversity in Arachnopeziza, mainly from Northern Europe, we applied genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using analyses of individual datasets (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α) and comparative morphology. Eight species were identified as highly supported and reciprocally monophyletic. Four of these are newly discovered species, with two formally described here, viz. A. estonica and A. ptilidiophila. In addition, Belonium sphagnisedum, which completely lacks prominent hairs, is here combined in Arachnopeziza, widening the concept of the genus. Numerous publicly available sequences named A. aurata represent A. delicatula and the confusion between these two species is clarified. An additional four singletons are considered to be distinct species, because they were genetically divergent from their sisters. A highly supported five-gene phylogeny of Arachnopezizaceae identified four major clades in Arachnopeziza, with Eriopezia as a sister group. Two of the clades include species with a strong connection to bryophytes; the third clade includes species growing on bulky woody substrates and with pigmented exudates on the hairs; and the fourth clade species with hyaline exudates growing on both bryophytes and hardwood. A morphological account is given of the composition of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae, including new observations on vital and histochemical characters
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Arachnoscypha ; epibryophytic ; genealogical species ; Helotiales ; subiculum ; type studies
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  • 39
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    Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 221-249
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-28
    Beschreibung: Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as ‘Nectria’ sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ancient DNA ; Ascomycota ; Hypocreales ; Illumina ; ribosomal sequences ; Sordariomycetes
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  • 40
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    Fungal Planet description sheets: 1112–1181 (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 251-409
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-30
    Beschreibung: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum. China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta. Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora. Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis. Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis. Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber. Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; ITS nrDNA barcodes ; LSU ; new taxa ; systematics
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  • 41
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    Corrigendum to “Organism functional traits and ecosystem supporting services – A novel approach to predict bioirrigation” [Ecol. Indic. 91 (2018) 737–743] (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Indicators, Elsevier, 119, pp. 106715-106715, ISSN: 1470-160X
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-31
    Beschreibung: The authors regret that the specified units of bioirrigation activity (Ic) and the indices (i.e. IPc,AFDM, IPc,WM, BPc,WM, BPc,AFDM) were incorrect in the original publication. Bioirrigation activity was presented in l/m25 min rather than in l/m2h and the indices were calculated per experimental core rather than per m2. Nevertheless, this does not affect the results and also the conclusions remain unchanged. AICc values for the best models of IPc,AFDM, IPc,WM, BPc,WM, BPc,AFDM have not changed in relation to each other, although they differ in value. The corrected version of Appendix B includes the corrected statistical details (i.e. AICc values). The corrected version of the Fig. 1 is provided below. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
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  • 42
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    Diversity of Backusella (Mucoromycotina) in south-eastern Australia revealed through polyphasic taxonomy (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 46, pp. 1-25
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: Here we explore the diversity of one morphologically distinguishable genus in the Mucoromycotina, Backusella, in south-eastern Australia. We isolated more than 200 strains from locations across the states of Victoria and Tasmania. Characterization of these strains using a combination of approaches including morphology, sucrose utilization and whole genome sequencing for 13 strains, revealed 10 new species. The genetic basis for interspecies variation in sucrose utilization was found to be the presence of a gene encoding an invertase enzyme. The genus Backusella is revised and a new key for species identification produced. Given that we have more than doubled the number of species in this genus, this work demonstrates that there may be considerable undiscovered species diversity in the early diverging fungal lineages.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Backusella ; genome sequencing ; invertase ; Mucorales ; new taxa ; polyphasic taxonomy ; zygospore
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  • 43
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    Gymnosporangium species on Malus: species delineation, diversity and host alternation (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 68-100
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03
    Beschreibung: Gymnosporangium species (Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are the causal agents of cedarapple rust diseases, which can lead to significant economic losses to apple cultivars. Currently, the genus contains 17 described species that alternate between spermogonial/aecial stages on Malus species and telial stages on Juniperus or Chamaecyparis species, although these have yet to receive a modern systematic treatment. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that Gymnosporangium does not belong to the Pucciniaceae sensu stricto (s.str.), nor is it allied to any currently defined rust family. In this study we examine the phylogenetic placement of the genus Gymnosporangium. We also delineate interspecific boundaries of the Gymnosporangium species on Malus based on phylogenies inferred from concatenated data of rDNA SSU, ITS and LSU and the holomorphic morphology of the entire life cycle. Based on these results, we propose a new family, Gymnosporangiaceae, to accommodate the genus Gymnosporangium, and recognize 22 Gymnosporangium species parasitic on Malus species, of which G. lachrymiforme, G. shennongjiaense, G. spinulosum, G. tiankengense and G. kanas are new. Typification of G. asiaticum, G. fenzelianum, G. juniperi-virginianae, G. libocedri, G. nelsonii, G. nidus-avis and G. yamadae are proposed to stabilize the use of names. Morphological and molecular data from type materials of 14 Gymnosporangium species are provided. Finally, morphological characteristics, host alternation and geographical distribution data are provided for each Gymnosporangium species on Malus.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Apple rust ; host alternation ; new taxa ; species delimitation
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  • 44
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    Lactifluus (Russulaceae) diversity in Central America and the Caribbean: melting pot between realms (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 278-300
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03
    Beschreibung: Species of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactifluus, and often entire sections, are typically unique to a single continent. Given these biogeographic patterns, an interesting region to study their diversity is Central America and the Caribbean, since the region is closely connected to and often considered a part of the North American continent, but biogeographically belong to the Neotropical realm, and comprises several regions with different geologic histories. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny and morphological study, this study shows that Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean harbour at least 35 Lactifluus species, of which 33 were never reported outside of this region. It was found that species from the Caribbean generally show affinities to South American taxa, while species from the Central American mainland generally show affinities to Northern hemispheric taxa. We hypothesise that host specificity and/or climate play a crucial role in these different origins of diversity. Because of these different affinities, Caribbean islands harbour a completely different Lactifluus diversity than the Central American mainland. The majority of species occurring on the islands can be considered endemic to certain islands or island groups. In this paper, detailed morphological descriptions are given, with a focus on the unique diversity of the islands, and identification keys to all hitherto described Lactifluus species occurring in Central America and the Caribbean are provided. One new section, Lactifluus sect. Nebulosi, and three new species, Lactifluus guadeloupensis, Lactifluus lepus and Lactifluus marmoratus are described.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Antilles ; Basidiomycota ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; French West Indies ; integrative taxonomy ; Latin America ; Middle America ; new taxa ; Russulales
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  • 45
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    Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 196-220
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03
    Beschreibung: Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella, P. globosa, had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum, Phaeoacremonium, and Pleurostoma richardsiae. However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Celerioriella ; five new taxa ; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata ; Olea europaea subsp. europaea ; phylogenetics ; Pseudophaeomoniella ; taxonomy ; Vredendaliella ; Xenocylindrosporium
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  • 46
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    Rhythms of behavior: are the times changin’? (2020)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Elsevier, 60, pp. 55-66, ISSN: 0959-4388
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-10
    Beschreibung: Animal life is rhythmic. Here we provide an overview of various rhythmic behaviors, connected environmental factors and endogenous mechanisms. We not only cover terrestrial species, but also highlight aquatic environments with typically complex interconnected rhythms. We further address diel, seasonal and potential lunar rhythms of humans. While we cannot be complete, we aim to emphasize three aspects: First, to raise awareness for the all-encompassing presence of behavioral rhythms and their importance in ecology and evolution. Second, to raise awareness how limited our mechanistic understanding is, besides analyses in a small set of model species. Finally, we discuss how anthropogenic effects can affect behavioral rhythmicity and how this might affect ecosystems in the future, as ‘For the times they are a-changin'’.
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  • 47
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    Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 101-131
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guangdongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. The overall data showed that Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eucalyptus ; fungal pathogen ; host jump ; Myrtaceae ; new taxa ; plantation forestry
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  • 48
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    Phylogeny and character evolution in the Dacrymycetes, and systematics of Unilacrymaceae and Dacryonaemataceae fam. nov. (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 161-205
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes, based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S, and ATP6 DNAregions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes, from a supermatrix strategy using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on a concatenated dataset, to coalescence-based calculations, such as quartet-based summary methods of independent single-locus trees, and Bayesian integration of single-locus trees into a species tree under the multispecies coalescent. We evaluate for the first time the taxonomic usefulness of some cytological phenotypic characters, i.e., vacuolar contents (vacuolar bodies and lipid bodies), number of nuclei of recently discharged basidiospores, and pigments, with especial emphasis on carotenoids. These characters, along with several others traditionally used for the taxonomy of this group (basidium shape, presence and morphology of clamp connections, morphology of the terminal cells of cortical/ marginal hyphae, presence and degree of ramification of the hyphidia), are mapped on the resulting phylogenies and their evolution through the class Dacrymycetes discussed. Our analyses reveal five lineages that putatively represent five different families, four of which are accepted and named. Three out of these four lineages correspond to previously circumscribed and published families (Cerinomycetaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, and Unilacrymaceae), and one is proposed as the new family Dacryonaemataceae. Provisionally, only a single order, Dacrymycetales, is accepted within the class. Furthermore, the systematics of the two smallest families, Dacryonaemataceae and Unilacrymaceae, are investigated to the species level, using coalescence-based species delimitation on multilocus DNAdata, and a detailed morphological study including morphometric analyses of the basidiospores. Three species are accepted in Dacryonaema, the type, Da. rufum, the newly combined Da. macnabbii (basionym Dacrymyces macnabbii), and a new species named Da. macrosporum. Two species are accepted in Unilacryma, the new U. bispora, and the type, U. unispora, the latter treated in a broad sense pending improved sampling across the Holarctic
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Carotenoids ; coalescence analyses ; cytology ; Dacrymycetes ; Dacryonaema ; species delimitations ; Unilacryma
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    Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), a new species from Vietnam (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 90-93
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-13
    Beschreibung: Orchidantha anthracina (Lowiaceae), discovered at the south central coast of Vietnam, is described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species in the family to 26, of which four occur in Vietnam. The notes on distribution, habitat and etymology are given and a preliminary conservation assessment is provided. The species is compared with O. vietnamica, with which it shares flowers of similar size and colours, but from which it is readily distinguished by a narrow and strongly reflexed dorsal sepal and spreading lateral sepals, not supporting the labellum. Notes with additional comparisons to all species with a similar arrangement of lateral sepals are also provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Orchidantha grandiflora ; Orchidantha inouei ; Orchidantha vietnamica ; Phú Yên province ; south central coast of Vietnam ; vulnerable ; Zingiberales
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    On the morphological variation of Rafflesia cantleyi (Rafflesiaceae) on Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 75-82
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: In Peninsular Malaysia, Rafflesia is represented by seven species of which R. kerrii (and R. su-meiae) stands out distinctly from the other five. The other five species, R. azlanii, R. cantleyi, R. parvimaculata, R. sharifahhapsahiae and R. tuanku-halimii, are collectively close enough to each other to be referred to as the R. cantleyi complex after its first-described species, R. cantleyi. Pulau Tioman has a population of R. cantleyi, which, because of its island location, is isolated from the mainland complex. This study was conducted to determine morphological variation in a selected location in Pulau Tioman. Twelve flowers were studied with respect to characteristics such as wart (blotch) pattern on perianth lobes, warts (dots) on upper surface of the diaphragm, shape of the aperture, shape of processes and types of ramenta. These are the characters that have been used to define species in the R. cantleyi complex. The variation in the local Tioman population was compared with the variation in the R. cantleyi complex on the mainland, which is about the same magnitude. This supports the idea that R. cantleyi is a single highly polymorphic species and that the species that have been described in the R. cantleyi complex should be reduced to varieties.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; morphology ; Pulau Tioman ; Rafflesia cantleyi complex ; variability
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  • 51
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    Taxonomic revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 167-175
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: A revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra is presented. Eight species are recognized, including two newly described species (D. bandaharense and D. pilosa). Akey to the eight species, descriptions and distribution maps of each species and illustrations of newly described species are provided. A neotype for D. incrassata is designated.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Dehaasia ; Lauraceae ; revision ; Sumatra ; taxonomy
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  • 52
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    A systematic revision of the vulnerable mangrove genus Pelliciera (Tetrameristaceae) in equatorial America (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 107-120
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: Pelliciera is a genus of mangrove trees with distinct showy flowers with five petals subtended by two large foliaceous bracts. The genus, thought to be monotypic, only containing P. rhizophorae, was classified recently in the small diverse family, the Tetrameristaceae. This distinctive genus occurs in a relatively restricted distribution in Central and northern South America in the Atlantic-East Pacific region. In this recent decade, two varietal forms have been reported across its range, of which one appears to be a colour morph referred to much earlier as P. rhizophorae var. benthamii. The taxonomic status of the earlier morph was, however, insufficient to warrant individual recognition at the time, so the genus remained monotypic with no varietal forms. The aim of this treatment has been to review the systematic history of the genus, to thoroughly re-assess available observations and to re-evaluate the current taxonomic status. In conclusion, the genus is recognised now as having two closely related species, described here as P. benthamii along with a redefined P. rhizophorae. Characters such as leafy bract colour, leaf dentition and petal shape used in their discrimination are provided, along with notes on the ecology, phenology, a diagnostic key, and a revised distribution map that displays the oddly overlapping occurrences.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Atlantic-East Pacific ; Central America ; conservation ; mangrove ; morphometrics ; nectar ; Pelliciera benthamii ; Pelliciera rhizophorae ; phenology ; pollen ; South America ; Tetrameristaceae
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  • 53
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    Timonius eremiticus (Rubiaceae), a new species from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 104-106
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: Timonius eremiticus, a new species from Mount Pulgar, Palawan Island, the Philippines, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to T. flavescens but is characterized by membranous to chartaceous leaves with 2–4 pairs of lateral nerves, ivory-white corolla, bracteate staminate inflorescences bearing bracteolate flowers, 5-petaled pistillate flowers, (sub)globose fruits that are round and not 4-angled, and pyrenes being obliquely radiated in cross-section of fruits. Timonius eremiticus is assessed as Critically Endangered following IUCN criteria. Buod (Wikang Filipino)   Inilarawan at iginuhit sa lathalaing ito ang Timonius eremiticus na isang bagong espesye ng halaman na matatagapuan sa Bundok Pulgar sa pulo ng Palawan sa Pilipinas. Ito ay kawangis ng T. flavescens subalit natatangi dahil sa mga malalamad o malapapel nitong mga dahon na may dalawa o hanggang apat na pares ng nerbiyong lateral, kulay garing na mga talulot, brakteadong istaminate na mga inflorescence at bulaklak, mga pistiladong bulaklak na may limang talulot, (mala)bilugang mga bunga na hindi nakalundo sa apat, at mga pyrene na oblikong naka-radiate sa pahalang na hati ng mga bunga. Ang Timonius eremiticus ay itinataya rin na lubos nang nanganganib na maubos alinsunod sa mga pamantayan ng IUCN.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; endemic ; Guettardeae ; Mount Pulgar ; Palawan ; Rubiaceae ; Timonius
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  • 54
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    In memoriam David G. Frodin (8 April 1940 – 12 August 2019) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. xi-xviii
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
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  • 55
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    Taxonomic notes on Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) in the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 12-24
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: Descriptions of five Trigonostemon species in the Philippines (four endemic) are updated with taxonomic notes based on herbarium collections and field observations. A new species of Trigonostemon is described. All species treated here are illustrated with photos. The formerly uncertain species, T. stenophyllus, is now synonymized with T. filiformis. In addition to T. pentandrus, three more Trigonostemon species are reported to cohabit with ants. A new identification key and an updated identification list of Trigonostemon species in the Philippines are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; Philippines ; revision ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
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  • 56
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    The botanical exploration of Angola by Germans during the 19th and 20th centuries, with biographical sketches and notes on collections and herbaria (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 126-161
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-20
    Beschreibung: A catalogue of 29 German individuals who were active in the botanical exploration of Angola during the 19th and 20th centuries is presented. One of these is likely of Swiss nationality but with significant links to German settlers in Angola. The catalogue includes information on the places of collecting activity, dates on which locations were visited, the whereabouts of preserved exsiccata, maps with itineraries, and biographical information on the collectors. Initial botanical exploration in Angola by Germans was linked to efforts to establish and expand Germany’s colonies in Africa. Later exploration followed after some Germans had settled in the country. However, Angola was never under German control. The most intense period of German collecting activity in this south-tropical African country took place from the early-1870s to 1900. Twenty-four Germans collected plant specimens in Angola for deposition in herbaria in continental Europe, mostly in Germany. Five other naturalists or explorers were active in Angola but collections have not been located under their names or were made by someone else. A further three collectors, who are sometimes cited as having collected material in Angola but did not do so, are also briefly discussed
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Angola ; botanical exploration ; German explorers ; plant collections
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  • 57
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    A new species of Eurystyles (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 65-68
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-22
    Beschreibung: Eurystyles comprises about 23 species ranging from Mexico to northernArgentina. Six species are recognized in Mexico and Central America and three in Costa Rica. A new species, named E. uxoris, is here described and illustrated based on Costa Rican material. The species is similar to Eurystyles auriculata and E. standleyi, however, it differs by the smaller plants up to 3 cm tall, smaller leaves of less than 1.6 cm long, flowers with brown dorsal sepal and brown lip apex, petals callose or thickened at apex, and a pandurate lip. Information about distribution, habitat, ecology, etymology and phenology of the new species is provided. An updated key to the Costa Rican species of Eurystyles is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Eurystyles auriculata ; Eurystyles cornu-bovis ; Eurystyles standleyi ; floristics ; neotropics ; taxonomy
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  • 58
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    Senecio beltranii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae): a new caespitose species endemic to South Peru (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 162-166
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-22
    Beschreibung: Senecio beltranii, a new species of Asteraceae (Senecioneae) belonging to S. ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi, is described from the highland mountains of southern Peru. Morphologically, S. beltranii is similar to S. algens, but can easily be distinguished by its subshrub matt-forming habit, the presence of scattered papillose trichomes on stems and leaves, its pinnatilobate leaf shape, larger involucre and pedicel length, calycular bracts nearly glabrous, larger phyllary length and by the larger number of phyllaries. The major differences between the species are outlined in a morphological comparison table and discussed. The IUCN status is defined as Vulnerable (VU).
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asteraceae ; Senecio subser. Caespitosi ; South America ; taxonomy
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  • 59
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    Three new combinations in Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae), an endemic genus from the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 86-89
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-22
    Beschreibung: Three new species combinations are made under Villaria for the Philippine endemics Hypobathrum coriaceum, H. multibracteatum and H. purpureum. Morphological features of these three Hypobathrum species revealed a closer resemblance with Villaria than with Hypobathrum, as the three Philippine endemics possess a unilocular ovary with parietal placentation; a character that is not found in any genera of Octotropideae except in Villaria. Lectotypes and a neotype are selected.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Hypobathrum ; Ixoroideae ; Octotropideae ; Philippine endemics ; Rubiaceae ; Villaria
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  • 60
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    A taxonomic revision of Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) outside Malesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 25-52
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-22
    Beschreibung: The Trigonostemon species outside Malesia are taxonomically revised based on herbarium collections and fresh material. The research history in the concerning regions, i.e., the Indian subcontinent (including S India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Myanmar), China, Thailand, Indochina, NE Australia and New Caledonia, is briefly summarised. A total of 32 species are accepted (including one doubtful species) and 17 names are newly treated as synonyms. Trigonostemon montanus is newly described for India. Regional identification keys, nomenclature, descriptions, geographic distributions and taxonomic notes are provided. Together with our previous work, the genus is now fully revised. A total of 59 species are accepted. A full identification list of all Trigonostemon collections seen is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; identification ; morphological revision ; non-Malesian ; taxonomy ; Trigonostemon
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  • 61
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    Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 69-74
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-23
    Beschreibung: Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Inversodicraea pygmaea G.Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important PlantAreas approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Bowal ; conservation ; Furcaria ; Guinea Highlands ; Hibiscus ; Important Plant Areas ; Simandou
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  • 62
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    Studies in Oberonia 8 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae). Additional 24 new synonyms, a corrected spelling, and other nomenclatural matters (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 188-203
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-20
    Beschreibung: The following 24 new synonyms in the orchid genus Oberonia are proposed, correct name (synonym(s)): O. aporophylla (O. longirepens); O. bertoldii (O. gracillima, O. laeta); O. bifida (O. celebica, O. fissiglossa); O. brunoniana (O. wallichii, O. saintberchmansii); O. costeriana (O. vulcanica); O. ensiformis (O. vesiculifera); O. griffithiana (O. khuongii); O. heliophila (O. asperula, O. rivularis, O. inversiflora, O. hosokawai); O. obcordata (O. menghaiensis); O. pachyphylla (O. janae); O. pachystachya (O. trignonoglossa); O. rhizomatosa (O. repens, O. torana, O. ponapensis, O. chenii, Hippeophyllum microphyllum); O. spathipetala (O. odontopetala, O. pectinata). Oberonia anicpita is not a distinct name introduced by Náves in F.M.Blanco but an orthographic variant of O. anceps, itself a synonym of O. lycopodioides. The spelling of several species epithets in honour of Takahide Hosokawa, a man, are corrected to hosokawai: Carpesium hosokawae (Asteraceae), Glochidion hosokawae (Phyllanthaceae), Pandanus hosokawae (Pandanaceae), Psychotria hosokawae (Rubiaceae), Eria hosokawae, Microtatorchis hosokawae, Habenaria hosokawae, Moerenhoutia hosokawae (all Orchidaceae).
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; nomenclature ; taxonomic vandalism ; typification ; variability
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  • 63
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    Phylogenetic analysis of the Calamus javensis complex (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) in Malesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 205-211
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-22
    Beschreibung: A phylogenetic analysis on specimen level was made in possible support of a multivariate analysis of the Calamus javensis complex. Nine species, at some time recognized within the complex, and several recognisable forms were included. The phylogenetic markers used were the nuclear 5S spacer (5S nrDNA) and the chloroplast Maturase K (matK). The Bayesian analysis showed that only 5S provided some resolution. The 50 % majority rule consensus showed one major polytomy with a few supported groups, which were mainly morphologically unsupported pairs of specimens. However, one group, the form C. tenompokensis (the only distinct group in a multivariate analysis) is morphologically distinct and phylogenetically monophyletic and can be recognized as a species. Of all other recognizable forms, we only consider C. acuminatus to be regarded as a variety as it was not supported in the morphometric analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Calamoideae ; Calamus javensis ; chloroplast DNA ; intraspecific variation ; matK ; molecular phylogeny ; nuclear DNA ; paraphyletic ; rattan
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  • 64
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    A morphological and phylogenetic evaluation of Marasmius sect. Globulares (Globulares-Sicci complex) with nine new taxa from the Neotropical Atlantic Forest (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 44, pp. 240-277
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-22
    Beschreibung: The largest and most recently emended Marasmius sect. Globulares (Globulares-Sicci complex) has increased in number of species annually while its infrasectional organization remains inconclusive. During forays in remnants of theAtlantic Rainforest in Brazil, 24 taxa of Marasmius belonging to sect. Globulares were collected from which nine are herein proposed as new: Marasmius altoribeirensis, M. ambicellularis, M. hobbitii, M. luteoolivaceus, M. neotropicalis, M. pallidibrunneus, M. pseudoniveoaffinis, M. rhabarbarinoides and M. venatifolius. We took this opportunity to evaluate sect. Globulares sensuAntonín & Noordel. in particular, combining morphological examination and both single and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using LSU and ITS data, including Neotropical samples to a broader and more globally distributed sampling of over 200 strains. Three different approaches were developed in order to better use the genetic information via Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses. The implementation of these approaches resulted in: i) the phylogenetic placement of the new and known taxa herein studied among the other taxa of a wide sampling of the section; ii) the reconstruction of improved phylogenetic trees presenting more strongly supported resolution especially from intermediate to deep nodes; iii) clearer evidence indicating that the series within sect. Sicci and sect. Globulares in the traditional concept are non-monophyletic by this more stringent evaluation; and iv) the existence of several monophyletic suprespecific groups equivalent to the stirpes of Singer – clusters of morphologically similar species. These two latter points corroborate with findings of previous studies implementing analyses with the entire genus. Based on these results, we proposed a new infrasectional classification elevating Singer’s concept of stirpes to series. Thirteen new series, the emendation of three extant series and three subsections gathering these series based on the major clades are proposed.
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Agaricales ; Marasmiaceae ; Neotropics ; phylogenetics ; stirpes ; systematics ; taxonomy
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  • 65
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    Flora of Singapore precursors, 19: Nomenclatural notes on Artabotrys (Annonaceae) and Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 179-187
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-25
    Beschreibung: During the preparation of the accounts of Artabotrys (Annonaceae) and Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) for the Flora of Singapore, the types of all relevant names were evaluated. New lectotypes are designated for A. suaveolens and M. maingayi and a second-step lectotypification is performed for M. elegans. The citation of a lectotype locality is corrected for A. costatus and the citation of an isolectotype is improved for A. maingayi. We also clarify the previous use of the term ‘type’ to designate specimens that are in fact lectotypes for several names in Magnolia.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Annonaceae ; Artabotrys ; lectotypification ; Magnoliaceae ; nomenclature ; Singapore
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  • 66
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    A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Luzon Island, the Philippines (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 102-103
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-06
    Beschreibung: A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) from Llavac, Quezon Province in Luzon Island, the Philippines, is proposed here, namely Freycinetia nonatoi. Freycinetia nonatoi is characterized by a lobed auricle of the sheath with conspicuous spines on the margins and bright yellow bracts. These three morphological features distinguish it from the nearest species, F. sumatrana. The discovery of F. nonatoi also marks the first record of a member of the section Auriculifoliae with spiny margins.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Auriculifoliae ; Freycinetia ; Luzon ; Pandanaceae ; Philippines ; Quezon
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  • 67
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    New species and a new record of Pterichis sect. Pterichis (Orchidaceae) from Bolivia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 3, pp. 212-218
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-06
    Beschreibung: Pterichis comprises about 40 species distributed from Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. The species grow as terrestrial plants usually in paramo and subparamo, but there are also reports of populations in high montane forest. In this paper the complete enumeration of the six Bolivian representatives of the orchid genus Pterichis sect. Pterichis is presented.A total of four new species are described and one new record, P. aragogiana, for the country is reported. An updated key to the species of the nominal section of Pterichis from Bolivia is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Andes ; biodiversity ; Neotropics ; new record for Bolivia ; Pterichis aragogiana ; Pterichis fuentesii ; Pterichis lunatilabia ; Pterichis obcordatilabia ; Pterichis vasquezii
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  • 68
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    Impatiens marroninus, a new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 10-11
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-19
    Beschreibung: Impatiens marroninus Utami (Balsaminaceae), collected from Sumatra, Indonesia, is described and illustrated as a new species. The species belongs to subg. Impatiens sect. Kathetophyllon. It is characterized by opposite or whorled leaves, yellow flowers with red maroon stripes in the upper part of the two lateral petals, dark green leaves and the lower sepal deeply navicular and constricted into a short curved spur. This combination of morphological characters was previously unknown. Detailed description, illustration, phenology, IUCN conservation assessment and ecology of the species are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Balsaminaceae ; endemic ; Impatiens ; Indonesia ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 69
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    Key to the families and genera of Malesian Euphorbiaceae in the wide sense (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 53-60
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-15
    Beschreibung: Identification keys are provided to the different families in which the Euphorbiaceae are split after APG IV. Presently, Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, Pandaceae, Peraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae and Putranjivaceae are distinguished as distinct families. Within the families, keys to the different genera occurring in the Malesian area, native and introduced, are presented. The keys are to be tested and responses are very welcome.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Euphorbiaceae ; keys ; Pandaceae ; Peraceae ; Phyllanthaceae ; Picrodendraceae ; Putranjivaceae
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 70
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    New species of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in the Philippines and an updated key (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 1-9
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-16
    Beschreibung: The number of named Philippine species of the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae-Thomsonieae) amounts to 13 today. Three existing species names (not included in this count) cannot be attributed to presently recognized species for lack of their holotypes, which were all destroyed in WWII. Five new species are described here and an identification key to all species recognized from the Philippines is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Amorphophallus ; Araceae ; identification key ; new species ; Philippines ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 71
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    In memoriam Willem F. Prud'homme van Reine (3 April 1941 – 21 March 2020) (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. i-ix
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 72
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    The Pleuranthodium (Zingiberaceae) of Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 95-101
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-21
    Beschreibung: Three species of Pleuranthodium were encountered and collected during a survey of gingers at Mount Wilhelm, Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. Based on new material, the only previously known Pleuranthodium from this area, P. piundaundense, is described in more detail highlighting new diagnostic characters and its known distribution range is expanded based on identification of older specimens at Edinburgh from two other provinces. Two species so far only known from Mount Wilhelm could not be identified after studying all protologues, types and material from several herbaria. These are here described as new species, P. corniculatum and P. sagittatum. A key with both floral and vegetative characters is provided to all three species. Pleuranthodium corniculatum is distinct in having apical appendages on the calyx, and P. sagittatum has a wrinkled calyx. All species are described and illustrated, and conservation assessments are made.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Chimbu ; Eastern Highlands ; Pleuranthodium corniculatum ; Pleuranthodium piundaundense ; Pleuranthodium sagittatum ; taxonomy ; Zingiberaceae
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 73
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    Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis (Asparagaceae), a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 2, pp. 121-125
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-29
    Beschreibung: Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis, a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India, is described with accompanying photos and relevant taxonomic data. It differs from var. macrophylla from Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim, Northeast India, mainly by the staminal corona internally protruding near the middle (vs internally upright corona without a particular inward protrusion), shorter anthers somewhat divergent distally (vs nearly upright anthers), and longer, papillulate pistils exceeding the anthers (vs glabrous pistils not exceeding the anthers).
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Asparagaceae ; Eastern Himalayas ; floral structure ; new variety ; Peliosanthes macrophylla ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 74
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    Maesa brevipedicellata (Primulaceae), a new species from Papua New Guinea (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 83-85
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-24
    Beschreibung: Maesa brevipedicellata, a new species of Maesa (Primulaceae-Maesoideae) from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated based on herbarium specimen observations. The collections of this species resemble M. rufovillosa and were previously determined as that species. Maesa brevipedicellata is unique with its selfsupporting habit, hispid hairs throughout and paniculate inflorescences with very short pedicels. This new species mainly differs from M. rufovillosa by the habit (tree/shrub in M. brevipedicellata vs climber in M. rufovillosa) and the inflorescence structure (panicles in M. brevipedicellata vs simple racemes in M. rufovillosa).
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Ericales ; Maesa ; Malesia ; Myrsinaceae ; new species ; Papuasia ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 75
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    A new and unusual species of Dichaea (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) from Costa Rica (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 65 no. 1, pp. 61-64
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-24
    Beschreibung: A new and florally unusual species of the genus Dichaea is described and illustrated from Costa Rica, where it is apparently endemic, and its relationships are discussed. Dichaea auriculata is compared with the group of species close to D. graminoides, from which it can be distinguished by the lip with a long isthmus, provided with two rounded auricles at the base, instead of the sessile lip typical of the group. It is also compared with another Costa Rican endemic in the same complex, D. gracillima, from which it can be distinguished by the autogamous, mostly cleistogamous, flowers, the 3-lobed lip with rounded basal lobes, the high keel along the lip isthmus, and the bifid ligule of the column. Notes on the habitat and the ecology of the new species are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; autogamy ; Dichaeopsis ; Flora of Costa Rica ; new species ; plant diversity ; section Pseudodichaea
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A measurement of τ polarization in Z^0 decays (1992-8977)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(92)91549-O
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of the average lifetime of b hadrons (1993-4325)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(93)91027-K
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  • 78
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    Release kinetics as a key linkage between the occurrence of flame retardants in microplastics and their risk to the environment and ecosystem: A critical review (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Internal diffusion often controls the releases of flame retardants from microplastics. • Fick's law can describe the releases of additive flame retardants from microplastics. • Effects of temperature, plastic matrix, and particle size can be predicted by models. • Weathering of plastic matrix can greatly accelerate the releases of flame retardants. • Low fluxes of flame retardants released from microplastics pose no risk to ecosystem. The widely occurring debris of plastic materials, particularly microplastics, can be an important source of flame retardants, which are one of the main groups of chemicals added in the production of plastics from polymers. This review provides an overview on the use of flame retardants in plastic manufacturing, the kinetics of their releases from microplastics, the factors affecting their releases, and the potential environmental and ecosystem risk of the released flame retardants. The releases of flame retardants from microplastics typically involve three major steps: internal diffusion, mass transfer across the plastic-medium boundary layer, and diffusion in the environmental medium, while the overall mass transfer rate is commonly controlled by diffusion within the plastic matrix. The overall release rates of additive flame retardants from microplastics, which are dependent on the particle's geometry, can often be described by the Fick's Law. The physicochemical properties of flame retardant and plastic matrix, and ambient temperature all affect the release rate, which can be predicted with empirical and semi-empirical models. Weathering of microplastics, which reduces their particle sizes and likely disrupts their polymeric structures, can greatly accelerate the releases of flame retardants. Flame retardants could also be released directly from the microplastics ingested by aquatic organisms and seabirds, with physical and chemical digestion in the bodies significantly enhancing their release rates. Limited by the extremely slow diffusion in plastic matrices, the fluxes of flame retardants released from microplastics are very low, and are unlikely to pose significant risk to the ecosystem in general. More research is needed to characterize the mechanical, chemical, and biological processes that degrade microplastics and accelerate the releases of flame retardants and to model their release kinetics from microplastics, while efforts should also be made to develop environmentally benign flame retardants to ultimately minimize their risk to the environment and ecosystem.
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  • 79
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    Atmospheric Dynamics in High Obliquity Planets (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: Ongoing discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets and the desire to determine their habitability have created an increasing demand for studies of a wide range of climatic regimes and atmospheric circulations. These studies have, in turn, challenged our understanding of our own planet’s atmospheric dynamics and provided new frameworks with which we can further our understanding of planetary atmospheres. In this work, we use an idealized moist general circulation model in aquaplanet configuration to study the atmospheric circulation of terrestrial planets with high obliquities. With seasonally varying insolation forcing and a shallow slab ocean as a lower boundary, we emphasize seasonal phenomena that might not be captured in simulations with annual mean forcing and that might involve nonlinear behaviors. By progressively increasing obliquity, we explore the response of the large-scale atmospheric circulation to more extreme seasonal cycles and a reversed annual mean equator-to-pole insolation distribution, and its impact on the energy and water cycles. We show that for high obliquities, the large-scale atmospheric circulation and the meridional energy transport are dominated by seasonally reversing broad cross-equatorial Hadley cells that transport energy from the summer to the winter hemisphere and significantly mitigate temperature extremes. These overturning cells also play a major role in shaping the planet’s hydrological cycle, with the associated ascending branches and precipitation convergence zones becoming progressively broader and more poleward shifted into the summer hemisphere with higher obliquities. While not embedded within the Hadley cell ascending branches, the hot summer poles of high obliquity planets experience nonnegligible precipitation during and at the end of the warm season: during the summer, lower-level moist static energy maxima at the summer poles force locally enhanced convective activity. As temperatures rapidly drop at the end of the summer and convective activity decreases, the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere decreases and water vapor stored in the atmospheric column rapidly condenses out, extending the duration of the summer pole rainy season into the corresponding autumn. Our study reveals novel understanding of how atmospheric dynamics might influence a planet’s overall climate and its variability.
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  • 80
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    Large scale upper-level precursors for dust storm formation over North Africa and poleward transport to the Iberian Peninsula. Part I: An observational analysis (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: The analysis of three extreme African dust outbreaks over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) shows that a double Rossby wave breaking (RWB) process in the polar jet (PJ) creates the conditions for dust storm formation over subtropical deserts in North Africa and the restructuring of upper-level air flows critical for the dust transport poleward after ablation. Two consecutive anticyclonic RWBs initiate over the IP and the adjacent Atlantic, the first commencing 10 days before dust reaches the IP and the second three to five days later. The first RWB becomes quasi-stationary over the eastern Mediterranean when the second RWB develops. In turn, the first RWB blocks downstream propagation of the second, which is amplified by energy reflection poleward from the first break causing vortex intensification and equatorward propagation over the Atlas as well as a strengthening and coupling of the subtropical jet (STJ) to circulations in the ITCZ. Zonal flows are blocked and sustained low-level northeasterlies/easterlies are induced across northwest Africa. The three events present substantial differences in the location and geometry of key upper- and low-level subsynoptic features that organize the dust storms over the Sahara following the second break. Dust lifted by either the cold outflow from convective downdrafts or by orographic gravity waves interacts with terrain-induced and larger scale circulations and is transported to the IP. The location of the cyclonic large scale signal from the second RWB to the west or over the Atlas and the blocking of zonal flows are key for the poleward dust transport.
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  • 81
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    Equilibrium mono- and multicomponent adsorption models: From homogeneous ideal to heterogeneous non-ideal binding (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: Aqueous sorption processes play an important role in, for example, pollutant binding to natural nanoparticles, colloid stability, separation and enrichment of components and remediation processes. In this article, which is a tribute to Hans Lyklema, models of localized (ad)sorption of molecules and ions from aqueous solution on homogeneous and heterogeneous nanoparticles are presented. The discussed models range from ideal monocomponent sorption on homogeneous (Langmuir) and heterogeneous sites, to multicomponent ideal sorption on homogeneous and heterogeneous sites, multicomponent multisite ion complexation with charge distribution (CD-MUSIC) and non-ideal competitive adsorption on heterogeneous sites (NICA). Attention is also paid to lateral interaction, site-induced aggregation, binding stoichiometry and multilayer formation. Electrical double layer models are discussed in relation to ion binding on impermeable and permeable nanoparticles. Insight in models that can describe sorption of molecules and ions on nanoparticles leads to awareness of the limitations of using simple models for complex systems and is needed for the selection and application of an appropriate model for a given system. This is relevant for all practical sorption processes and for a better understanding of the role of natural nanoparticles in the binding of nutrients and pollutants.
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  • 82
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    Corals evolve in an unusual way (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: These are the first animals to pass mutations found outside sex cells
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  • 83
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    HRM and 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveal the cultivable microbiota of the European sea bass during ice storage (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: The total cultivable microbiota of the ice-stored European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), the most important commercial fish species of the Mediterranean aquaculture, was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. High Resolution Melting (HRM) curve profiles and sequencing analysis (V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) were used respectively for the differentiation and identification of the collected isolates from six time intervals (day 0, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 16) while fish were stored in ice. HRM analysis differentiated the unknown microbiota in ten groups (208 isolates) and in two single isolates based on their HRM curve profiles. The isolates with HRM profiles which were 〉91% similar within each group were found to belong to the same species using sequencing analysis. Thus, the ten groups consist of representatives of Psychrobacter glacincola, Ps. alimentarius, Ps. cryohalolentis, Ps. maritimus, Ps. fozii, Pseudomonas sp., Paeniglutamicibacter sp., Carnobacterium sp., Leucobacter aridicolis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Based on this approach, Ps. cryohalolentis was found to be the most dominant phylotype at the beginning of fish shelf-life compared to other species. The abundance of this bacterium decreased throughout storage, while Ps. glacincola increased and dominated at the time of the sensory minimum acceptability (day 14) and rejection (day 16). To conclude, HRM could be used for the rapid determination of sea bass microbiota, using the representatives of each group as reference bacterial strains, in order for scientists to solve rapidly stakeholders problems related with microbial quality or safety of fish.
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  • 84
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    Non-targeted metabolomics of quinoa seed filling period based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an herb belonging to the amaranth family, is rich in minerals, amino acids, vitamins, proteins, and flavonoids. Its grain, compared with other major grains, has unique nutritional value with tremendous applications. This study used four independently bred high-generation lines (seed colors) of quinoa as materials to further understand the metabolic differences in the filling periods of quinoa varieties. Additionally, the non-targeted metabolome of quinoa seeds 35 and 42 days after flowering, respectively, were studied via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The two filling periods of yellow, white, black, and red quinoa grains resulted in significant differences in the metabolites, particularly in L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, pyruvate, fumarate, and oxaloacetate. Soluble sugar, amino acid, and fatty acid contents in quinoa increased after 42 days of flowering. There were metabolic differences between the sugar phosphates (L-fucose, D-mannose-6-phosphate, xylulose-5-phosphate, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate), amino acid (alanine), and organic compounds (kynurenate, tryptamine, serotonin, bilirubin) among the four quinoa varieties. The relative difference in the metabolites was largest when the yellow quinoa grain was compared with the other quinoa varieties and smallest when the red and black varieties were compare. The results of this study provide a basis for the reproduction and identification of new quinoa varieties, as well as for screening potential quality control target genes by combining genomics and transcriptomics.
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  • 85
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    Differentiating, evaluating, and classifying three quinoa ecotypes by washing, cooking and germination treatments, using 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: We processed three quinoa ecotypes as they are commonly consumed in a daily diet. For the treatments, quinoa seeds were washed, cooked, and/or germinated. Following treated, we used 1H NMR-based metabolomic profiling to explore differences between the ecotypes. Then, for a non-targeted and targeted food fingerprint analysis of samples, we performed multivariable data analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical cluster analysis. From our study, we were able to discriminate each quinoa ecotype regardless of treatment based on its metabolomic profiling. Additionally, we were able to identify 30 metabolites that were useful to determine the effect of each treatment on nutritional composition. Germination increased the content of most metabolites irrespective of ecotype. In general, ecotype CQE_03 was different from ecotypes CQE_01 and CQE_02. Our phytochemical analysis revealed the effects of washing, cooking, and/or germination, particularly on saponins content.
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  • 86
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    Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediment as a requirement for authigenic carbonate burial (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: We emphasize the importance of marine silicate weathering (MSiW) reactions in anoxic sediment as fundamental in generating alkalinity and cations needed for carbonate precipitation and preservation along continental margins. We use a model that couples thermodynamics with aqueous geochemistry to show that the CO2 released during methanogenesis results in a drop in pH to 6.0; unless these protons are buffered by MSiW, carbonate minerals will dissolve. We present data from two regions: the India passive margin and the active subduction zone off Japan, where ash and/or rivers supply the reactive silicate phase, as reflected in strontium isotope data. Offshore India and Korea, alteration of continent-derived silicates results in pore water enriched in radiogenic 87Sr, with 87Sr/86Sr ratios as high as 0.7095 and 0.7104, respectively. Off Japan, strontium in pore water influenced by ash alteration is depleted in 87Sr, with 87Sr/86Sr as low as 0.7065. Carbonate minerals formed by alkalinity and cations generated through MSiW carry these strontium isotopic signals, and are typically dolomite, siderite, and Fe-rich calcite. These contrast with the aragonite and high-magnesium calcite that form during anaerobic oxidation of methane and incorporate the coeval seawater 87Sr/86Sr signal. We show that MSiW is necessary for authigenic carbonate formation and preservation along continental margins, which remove carbon from Earth's surface at rates previously estimated to be at least 1012 mol yr−1. In addition, these authigenic carbonates are of relevance to studies of the deep biosphere, fluid flow, seismogenesis, slope stability, and reservoir characteristics.
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  • 87
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    Repeated magmatic buildup and deep “hot zones” in continental evolution: The Cadomian crust of Iran (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Cadomian continental arc crust of NE Iran was built during ∼15 Myr of magmatism. • Magmatic flare-up in Iran Cadomia occurred over ∼45 Myr; 570 to 525 Ma. • Geochemical differentiation in “hot zones” built the stratified continental crust of Iran. Abstract The generation and differentiation of continental crust by arc magmatism is strongly influenced by episodes of high magmatic flux (“flare-ups”). Magmatic flare-ups encourage the development of deep crustal hot zones where magmatic differentiation and density stratification combine to form the upper felsic and lower mafic continental crust. Such processes, which are responsible for the construction of continental arc crust, are prolonged events, which build a ∼30-40 km arc crust over tens of million years (∼100 Myr). New zircon U-Pb data reveal that the construction of Cadomian crust from NE Iran occurred over ∼15 ± 0.3 Myr. However, compiled zircon U-Pb ages reveal a prolonged magmatic flare-up of ∼45 Myr; ∼570 to 525 Ma. Basement outcrops in NE Iran expose lower- and upper crust that show how magmatic-geochemical differentiation occurred deep beneath a Cadomian continental arc in a crustal hot zone. Isotopic data for igneous rocks produced during this 45 Myr episode reveal interactions between mantle-derived melts and old continental crust. Synthesis of new and published data indicates that this type of interaction is common during periods of high magmatic fluxes. Our results indicate that differentiation of mafic melts in the lower crust during prolonged magmatic flare-ups plays a key role in building a stratified continental crust.
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  • 88
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    Basin-scale estimates on petroleum components generation in the Western Black Sea basin based on 3-D numerical modelling (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Total amount of generated biogenic methane is estimated at ~3100 Gt. • Total amount of generated thermogenic methane is estimated at ~1,560 Gt. • The Maykop formation is partially productive in the central basin and not yet fully productive towards the basin peripherals. A new numerical model reconstructing the depositional history (98–0 Ma) of the Western Black Sea sub-basin is presented. The model accounts for changing boundary conditions (i.e. water depth, bottom water temperature, heat flow evolution over time) and estimates the rates and total amounts of the in-situ biogenic methane generation and thermally-driven organic matter maturation in the source rocks. The overall thermogenic and biogenic gas generation predicted by the model is estimated at ~1560 Gt and ~3100 Gt, respectively.
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    A robust calibration of the clumped isotopes to temperature relationship for foraminifers (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: The clumped isotope (Δ47) proxy is a promising geochemical tool to reconstruct past ocean temperatures far back in time and in unknown settings, due to its unique thermodynamic basis that renders it independent from other environmental factors like seawater composition. Although previously hampered by large sample-size requirements, recent methodological advances have made the paleoceanographic application of Δ47 on small (〈5 mg) foraminifer samples possible. Previous studies show a reasonable match between Δ47 calibrations based on synthetic carbonate and various species of planktonic foraminifers. However, studies performed before recent methodological advances were based on relatively few species and data treatment that is now outdated. To overcome these limitations and elucidate species-specific effects, we analyzed 14 species of planktonic foraminifers in sediment surface samples from 13 sites, covering a growth temperature range of ∼0–28 °C. We selected mixed layer-dwelling and deep-dwelling species from a wide range of ocean settings to evaluate the feasibility of temperature reconstructions for different water depths. Various techniques to estimate foraminifer calcification temperatures were tested in order to assess their effects on the calibration and to find the most suitable approach. Results from this study generally confirm previous findings that there are no species-specific effects on the Δ47-temperature relationship in planktonic foraminifers, with one possible exception. Various morphotypes of Globigerinoides ruber were found to often deviate from the general trend determined for planktonic foraminifers. Our data are in excellent agreement with a recent foraminifer calibration study that was performed with a different analytical setup, as well as with a calibration based exclusively on benthic foraminifers. A combined, methodologically homogenized dataset also reveals very good agreement with an inorganic calibration based on travertines. Our findings highlight the potential of the Δ47 paleothermometer to be applied to recent and extinct species alike to study surface ocean temperatures as well as thermocline variability for a multitude of settings and time scales.
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  • 90
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    Seafloor massive sulphide exploration using deep-towed controlled source electromagnetics: Navigational uncertainties (2020)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Deep-towed geophysical surveys require precise knowledge of navigational parameters such as instrument position and orientation because navigational uncertainties reflect in the data and therefore in the inferred geophysical properties of the subseafloor. We address this issue for the case of electrical conductivity inferred from controlled source electromagnetic data. We show that the data error is laterally variable due to irregular motion during deep towing, but also due to lateral variations in conductivity, including those resulting from topography. To address this variability and quantify the data error prior to inversion, we propose a 2-D perturbation study. Our workflow enables stable and geologically reliable results for multicomponent and multifrequency inversions. An error estimation workflow is presented, which comprises the assessment of navigational uncertainties, perturbation of navigational parameters, and forward modelling of electric field amplitudes for a homogeneous and then a heterogeneous subseafloor conductivity model. Some navigational uncertainties are estimated from variations of direct measurements. Other navigational parameters required for inversion are derived from the measured quantities and their error is calculated by means of error propagation. Some navigational parameters show direct correlation with the measured electric fields. For example, the antenna dip correlates with the vertical electric field and the depth correlates with the horizontal electric field. For the perturbation study each standard deviation is added to the navigational parameters. Forward models are run for each perturbation. Amplitude deviations are summed in quadrature with the stacking error for a total, laterally varying, data error. The error estimation is repeated for a heterogeneous subseafloor model due to the large conductivity range (several orders of magnitude), which affects the forward model. The approach enables us to utilize data from several components (multiple electric fields, frequencies and receivers) in the inversion to constrain the final model and reduce ambiguity. The final model is geologically reasonable, in this case enabling the identification of conductive metal sulphide deposits on the seafloor.
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  • 91
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    Feasibility of using in situ deformation to monitor CO2 storage (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Deformation during CO2 injection can lead to problems, like seismicity or fluid leaks, but small strains have the potential to be a useful signal for monitoring. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the possible evolution of the strain field during injection, and then assess existing and emerging techniques for measuring the strain field. Poroelastic analyses show that normal strains caused by injection into a reservoir are tensile in the vicinity of the well, but everywhere else at least one strain component is compressive. The vertical strain is compressive in the confining unit, and the radial strain decreases and changes sign from tensile to compressive with distance from the well. Tilting is away from the injection well at the ground surface, but it is towards the well overlying the reservoir. Methods for measuring in-situ strain include instruments that are grouted in the annulus between casing and wall rock (∼ 0.1 microstrain resolution), portable strain sensors that are temporarily clamped to the borehole wall (∼ 0.01 microstrain resolution), and strainmeters that are grouted in place (∼0.001 microstrain resolution). Instruments for measuring in-situ normal strains at the magnitudes and rates expected during injection are emerging, but they have yet to be fully evaluated in applications related to CO2 storage. In-situ strain data measured with emerging instruments promises to fill an important gap between the episodes of fast strain rates measured by seismic data, and the slow strains measured over relatively long periods of time by InSAR and GPS.
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  • 92
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    Dissolved silicon isotope dynamics in large river estuaries (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Estuarine systems are of key importance for the riverine input of silicon (Si) to the ocean, which is a limiting factor of diatom productivity in coastal areas. This study presents a field dataset of surface dissolved Si isotopic compositions (30SiSi(OH)4) obtained in the estuaries of three of the world’s largest rivers, the Amazon (ARE), Yangtze (YRE), and Pearl (PRE), which cover different climate zones. While 30SiSi(OH)4 behaved conservatively in the YRE and PRE supporting a dominant control by water mass mixing, significantly increased 30SiSi(OH)4 signatures due to diatom utilization of Si(OH)4 were observed in the ARE and reflected a Si isotopic enrichment factor 30 of −1.0±0.4‰ (Rayleigh model) or −1.6±0.4‰ (steady state model). In addition, seasonal variability of Si isotope behavior in the YRE was observed by comparison to previous work and most likely resulted from changes in water residence time, temperature, and light level. Based on the 30 value obtained for the ARE, we estimate that the global average 30SiSi(OH)4 entering the ocean is 0.2-0.3‰ higher than that of the rivers due to Si retention in estuaries. This systematic modification of riverine Si isotopic compositions during estuarine mixing, as well as the seasonality of Si isotope dynamics in single estuaries, needs to be taken into account for better constraining the role of large river estuaries in the oceanic Si cycle.
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  • 93
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    An assessment of the Indian Ocean mean state and seasonal cycle in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights: • Assessment of the Indian Ocean simulation from global forced sea- ice models. • SST biases are 2 times smaller in forced simulations than the coupled simulations. • Coupled model shows large inter-model spread over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. • Refinement in model horizontal resolution does not significantly improve simulations. • Uncover a secondary pathway of northward cross-equatorial transport along 75 °E. • Models are unable to capture the observed thick barrier layer in the north Bay of Bengal. Abstract: We present an analysis of annual and seasonal mean characteristics of the Indian Ocean circulation and water masses from 16 global ocean–sea-ice model simulations that follow the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE) interannual protocol (CORE-II). All simulations show a similar large-scale tropical current system, but with differences in the Equatorial Undercurrent. Most CORE-II models simulate the structure of the Cross Equatorial Cell (CEC) in the Indian Ocean. We uncover a previously unidentified secondary pathway of northward cross-equatorial transport along 75 °E, thus complementing the pathway near the Somali Coast. This secondary pathway is most prominent in the models which represent topography realistically, thus suggesting a need for realistic bathymetry in climate models. When probing the water mass structure in the upper ocean, we find that the salinity profiles are closer to observations in geopotential (level) models than in isopycnal models. More generally, we find that biases are model dependent, thus suggesting a grouping into model lineage, formulation of the surface boundary, vertical coordinate and surface salinity restoring. Refinement in model horizontal resolution (one degree versus degree) does not significantly improve simulations, though there are some marginal improvements in the salinity and barrier layer results. The results in turn suggest that a focus on improving physical parameterizations (e.g. boundary layer processes) may offer more near-term advances in Indian Ocean simulations than refined grid resolution.
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  • 94
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    Enhanced continental weathering and large igneous province induced climate warming at the Permo-Carboniferous transition (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Tracking climate change and its relationships with chemical weathering and massive volcanic activity in deep-time greatly improves our understanding of the Earth's climate system. The Permo-Carboniferous period is a critical time interval with million year-scale glacial-deglacial cycles and massive basaltic volcanism, such as the Skagerrak-Centered (also named Skagerrak or Jutland) large igneous province. To explore the volcanism-climate interactions in this period, we obtained high precision CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon ages for three tuffaceous layers from a cored upper Pennsylvanian-lower Permian marginal marine succession in southern North China. These ages calibrate the Permo-Carboniferous biostratigraphy between ∼301–296 Ma in North China. From this dated core succession, mudrock samples and their calculated weathering index values were screened to constrain the weathering trends for the source landscapes and demonstrate a rapid increase with a subsequent decrease in source chemical weathering intensity during the period of ∼299 to 296.5 Ma. These trends coincide with the southern Gondwana glacial records, low latitude temperature changes, relative sea-level variations, and shifts in atmospheric pCO2 that together document an earliest Permian climate warming-cooling perturbation with a temperature maximum at ∼298 Ma. This climate warming in the Permo-Carboniferous icehouse correlates with the emplacement of the Skagerrak-Centered large igneous province, which likely released voluminous CO2 that led to climate warming during the Permo-Carboniferous transition. The immediately following cooling could possibly result from the rapid post-eruptional weathering of the massive basaltic rocks of this province in tropical latitudes, which would have sequestered atmospheric CO2 and promoted return to cooler icehouse conditions. This study supports the assertation that massive basaltic volcanism could first cause rapid climate warming and then may have an overall net cooling effect as previously suggested for the Deccan Traps and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province.
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  • 95
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    Geochemistry of Etendeka magmatism: Spatial heterogeneity in the Tristan-Gough plume head (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights • High-Ti lavas have the same composition as Walvis Ridge and Gough Subtrack. • Low-Ti lavas are derived from a distinct source compare to the high-Ti lavas. • High-Ti and low-Ti basalts reflect the spatial zonation of the plume head. • Tristan-type composition has not been discovered in the plume head stage. • Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes from Etendeka flood basalts. Abstract The origin and distribution of geochemically distinct source components in continental flood volcanism (generally associated with the initial phase of a mantle plume head) are poorly understood. Here we present new geochemical (major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope) data from the Etendeka flood basalts and associated dikes from northern and central Namibia that are believed to have been produced during the initial stage of the Tristan-Gough hotspot. Following earlier studies, the Etendeka lava flows and dikes are divided into high-Ti and low-Ti groups. The trace element and isotopic composition of the high-Ti tholeiitic basalts, exclusively outcropping in northern Etendeka (northwestern Namibia), are similar to the Gough-type enriched mantle I (EMI) composition found on the Walvis Ridge (the Atlantic type locality for the EMI end member). The low-Ti tholeiitic basalts, primarily outcropping in Southern Etendeka (central western Namibia), have higher 143Nd/144Nd and 207Pb/204Pb but lower 208Pb/204Pb ratios than the Gough composition. Combining our data with newly published 3He/4He data and estimates of the magma source’s potential temperature from 1520-1680◦C, we conclude that the source of the low-Ti basalts was also intrinsic to the Tristan-Gough plume, consistent with a spatially-zoned plume head. The low-Ti basalts were derived from a distinct EMI-type source component that has thus far only been detected in the initial Tristan-Gough plume head (∼132 Ma), but not the later submarine hotspot track.
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  • 96
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    The multiple depleted mantle components in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Oceanic island basalts are targeted for geochemical study because they provide a direct window into mantle composition and a wealth of information on the dynamics and timescales associated with Earth mixing. Previous studies mainly focused on the shield volcanic stage of oceanic islands and the more fusible, enriched mantle components that are easily distinguished in those basalts. Mantle depleted compositions are typically more difficult to resolve unless large amounts of this material participated in mantle melting (e.g., mid-ocean ridges), or unique processes allow for their compositions to be erupted undiluted, such as very small degrees of melting of a source with minimal fusible enriched components (e.g., rejuvenated basalts) or as xenoliths (e.g., abyssal peridotites). Mantle depleted components, defined here as material with low time-integrated Rb/Sr (low 87Sr/86Sr) and high time-integrated Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios (high 143Nd/144Nd and 176Hf/177Hf) relative to primitive mantle, derive from a potentially very large volume reservoir (up to 80% of the mantle), and therefore need adequate characterization in order estimate the composition of the Earth and mantle-derived melts. This review focuses on mantle depleted compositions in oceanic island basalts using the Hawaiian-Emperor chain as a case study. The Hawaiian-Emperor chain is the ∼6000 km long geological record of the deeply sourced Hawaiian mantle plume, active for 〉81 Myr. Hawaiian volcanism evolves through four volcanic stages as a volcano traverses the Hawaiian plume: alkalic preshield, tholeiitic shield (80–90% volcano volume), alkalic postshield (∼1%), and silica undersaturated rejuvenated (〈0.1%). We report Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions and trace element concentrations of three rejuvenated Northwest Hawaiian Ridge basalts and compare them to an exhaustive compiled dataset of basalts from the Hawaiian Islands to the Emperor Seamounts. The Northwest Hawaiian Ridge (NWHR) includes 51 volcanoes spanning ∼42 m.y. between the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain and the Hawaiian Islands where there is no high-precision isotopic data published on the rejuvenated-stage over ∼47% of the chain. NWHR and Hawaiian Island rejuvenated basalts are geochemically similar, indicating a consistent source for rejuvenated volcanism over ∼12.5 million years. In contrast, shield-stage basalts from the oldest Emperor Seamounts are more depleted in isotopic composition (i.e., higher 176Hf/177Hf, and 143Nd/144Nd with lower 87Sr/86Sr and 208Pb*/206Pb*) and trace element concentrations (i.e., much lower concentrations of highly incompatible elements) than all other depleted Hawaiian basalts younger than the bend, including NWHR rejuvenated basalts. The strongly depleted source for the oldest Emperor Seamounts (〉70 Ma) was likely related to interaction with the Kula-Pacific-Izanagi mid-ocean ridge spreading system active near the Hawaiian plume in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, the incompatible trace element ratios of NWHR rejuvenated basalts require a distinct source in the Hawaiian mantle plume that was imprinted by ancient (〉1 Ga) partial melting, likely ancient recycled oceanic lithosphere. This review of the geochemistry of Hawaiian depleted components documents the need for the sampling of multiple distinctive depleted compositions, each preferentially melted during specific periods of Hawaiian plume activity. This suggests that the composition of depleted components can evolve during the lifetime of the mantle plume, as observed for enriched components in the Hawaiian mantle plume. Changes in the composition of depleted components are dominantly controlled by the upper mantle tectonic configurations at the time of eruption (i.e., proximity to a mid-ocean ridge), as this effect overwhelms the signal imparted by potentially sampling different lower mantle components through time.
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  • 97
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    Generation of a potassic to ultrapotassic alkaline complex in a syn-collisional setting through flat subduction: Constraints on magma sources and processes (Otjimbingwe alkaline complex, Damara orogen, Namibia) (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights • The syntectonic Otjimbingwe alkaline complex (Namibia) is ca. 545 Ma old. • Metasomatized mantle-derived melts are modified by AFC and accumulation processes. • The alkaline melts intruded during extensional tectonics during flat subduction. The ~545 Ma-old syn-collisional Otjimbingwe alkaline complex is composed of pyroxene-amphibole-biotite-bearing, mildly nepheline-normative to quartz-normative rocks ranging in composition from monzogabbro to monzonite, syenite and granite. The alkaline rocks have moderate to high SiO2 (50.5–73.0 wt%) and Na2O + K2O (5.1–11.5 wt%) and moderate to low MgO (6.6–0.2 wt%) concentrations. All samples have high large ion lithophile element (LILE: Ba up to 4600 ppm) and high-field-strength element contents (HFSE; Zr: 155–1328 ppm; Nb: 16–110 ppm; Ta: 1.4–7.1 ppm and Hf: 4–24 ppm) and have strongly fractionated LREE patterns ((La/Yb)N = 14–51). The most primitive members lack significant negative Eu anomalies. Mantle-normalized multi-element diagrams show depletion in Ba, Rb, Nb (Ta), P and Ti. The alkaline rocks have moderate radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7061–0.7087) and unradiogenic initial ɛNd values (−3.9 to −6.1). This isotope signature, associated with high LREE/HFSE ratios indicates that the parental melts were generated in enriched portions of the shallow lithospheric mantle, which was probably affected by previous subduction zone processes. In addition, correlations between Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that some of these variations result from combined crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes. A new model of flat subduction is presented that explains most of the unsolved problems in the orogenic evolution of the Damara orogen, namely (i) the absence of early intrusive rocks with a clear subduction zone setting, (ii) the absence of high-pressure rocks such as blueschists and eclogites, (iii) the unusual distribution of igneous rocks with a clear predominance of granite and granodiorite and (iv) the need for a asthenospheric window during a classical subduction to explain the high T/moderate P granulite facies conditions in the overriding plate.
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    Glacial controls on redox-sensitive trace element cycling in Arctic fjord sediments (Spitsbergen, Svalbard) (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Glacial meltwater is an important source of bioessential trace elements to high latitude oceans. Upon delivery to coastal waters, glacially sourced particulate trace elements are processed during early diagenesis in sediments and may be sequestered or recycled back to the water column depending on local biogeochemical conditions. In the glaciated fjords of Svalbard, large amounts of reactive Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides are delivered to the sediment by glacial discharge, resulting in pronounced Fe and Mn cycling concurrent with microbial sulfate reduction. In order to investigate the diagenetic cycling of selected trace elements (As, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, and U) in this system, we collected sediment cores from two Svalbard fjords, Van Keulenfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden, in a transect along the head-to-mouth fjord axis and analyzed aqueous and solid phase geochemistry with respect to trace elements, sulfur, and carbon along with sulfate reduction rates. We found that Co and Ni associate with Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides and enter the pore water upon reductive metal oxide dissolution. Copper is enriched in the solid phase where sulfate reduction rates are high, likely due to reactions with H2S and the formation of sulfide minerals. Uranium accumulates in the solid phase likely following reduction by both Fe- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, while Mo adsorbs to Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in the surface sediment and is removed from the pore water at depth where sulfidization makes it particle-reactive. Arsenic is tightly coupled to Fe redox cycling and its partitioning between solid and dissolved phases is influenced by competition with FeS for adsorption sites on crystalline Fe oxides. Differences in trace element cycling between the two fjords suggest delivery of varying amount and composition of tidewater glacier (Van Keulenfjorden) and meltwater stream (Van Mijenfjorden) material, likely related to oxidative processes occurring in meltwater streams. This processing produces a partially weathered, more reactive sediment that is subject to stronger redox cycling of Fe, Mn, S, and associated trace elements upon delivery to Van Mijenfjorden. With climate warming, the patterns of trace element cycling observed in Van Mijenfjorden may also become more prevalent in other Svalbard fjords as tidewater glaciers retreat into meltwater stream valleys.
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  • 99
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    Holocene changes in sea-ice cover and polynya formation along the eastern North Greenland shelf: New insights from biomarker records (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Highly variable sea-ice conditions off eastern North Greenland during the Holocene. • The mid to late Holocene is characterized by seasonal to marginal sea-ice conditions. • Seasonal formation of the Northeast-Water (NEW) Polynya during the last 1 ka. Understanding the processes controlling the natural variability of sea ice in the Arctic, one of the most dynamic components of the climate system, can help to constrain the effects of future climate change in this highly sensitive area. For the first time, a high-resolution biomarker study was carried out to reconstruct past sea-ice variability off eastern North Greenland. This area is strongly influenced by cold surface waters and drift ice transported via the East Greenland Current, meltwater pulses from the outlet glaciers of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and the build-up of landfast ice. The well-dated Holocene sedimentary section of Core PS93/025 provides insights into variations of the sea-ice conditions (regional and local sea-ice signal), oceanic and atmospheric circulation and the biotic response to these changes. These biomarker records show a reduced to variable sea-ice cover during the early Holocene between 10.2 and 9.3 ka, followed by a steady increase in sea-ice conditions during the mid Holocene. During the last 5–6 ka, sea-ice conditions remained more stable representing a seasonal to marginal sea-ice situation. Based on our biomarker records, stable sea-ice edge conditions, with a fully developed polynya situation occurred since the last 1 ka.
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    Pyroclastic deposits and eruptive heterogeneity of Volcán Antuco (37°S; Southern Andes) during the Mid to Late Holocene (〈7.2 ka) (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-08
    Beschreibung: Volcán Antuco (37°24′ S, 71°22′W; 2979 m asl) is the 13th ranked high threat volcano in Chile with 27 recorded historical eruptions, mostly (~96%) with volcanic explosivity indices (VEI) of ~1–2. An older eruptive record has been reconstructed from sections exposed on the western flank and is intimately related to a well-documented catastrophic sector collapse at ~7.2 cal ka BP. However, very little is known about Antuco's post-collapse eruptive history in other sectors, especially on the eastern flanks where prevalent westerly winds favor optimal eastward tephra transport and deposition. Our study reveals a more complete record of activity that has already been indicated from previous work with at least 23 tephra-forming explosive eruptions, most of them within the last c. 7.2 ka, including 4 events that have generated pyroclastic density currents that have widely inundated the lower eastern flanks. Tephra from these eruptive events are typically composed of scoria, free crystals and lithics, with occasional pumice. The composition of juvenile fragments varies between basalt and trachyandesite (50.2–62.2 wt% SiO2) and show phenocrysts of plagioclase, olivine and pyroxene. Our results show that most of the eruptions of Antuco (c. 79%) are Strombolian to violent Strombolian. These eruptions have an estimated longer repose times (c. 200 year) and are likely higher in magnitude than those registered during historical times. This study also shows that the composition, style and magnitude may change from one eruptive episode to the next. This eruptive variability seems in complete accord with recent findings from other centers in the Southern Volcanic Zone exhibiting similar temporal eruptive diversity and ultimately, has significant implications with respect to hazard assessment.
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