ALBERT

Description: A species with the habit of Aristida divaricata H. et B., but welldistinguished by the wanting column and the curious tuberculate lemmas. Closely allied to Aristida gentilis HENR., which differs however in the other position of the glumes and in the smooth lemma. The species resembles in some characters the Aristida Parishii HITCHC., the latter has however a totally different shape of the panicle and the lemma is not tuberculate-hispid, but scabrous only on the upper half. Among duplicates from the U. S. Nat. Herbarium, kindly received from Mrs. A. CHASE, I found a second plant belonging to the species, a plant also collected in Arizona, north slope of Santa Rita Mountains, leg. D. GRIFFITHS no. 7269.

Description: Our Pinus halepensis is described by DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU in „Traité des arbres et arbustes etc.” 1755 p. 126 as follows: Pinus Hierosolymitana praelongis et tenuissimis viridibus foliis PLUK.: Pin de Jerusalem, dont les feuilles sont très vertes, longues et menues. This circumscription is a phrase without a trivial name. LINNAEUS himself also indicated the species in that period principally by a phrase; a trivial name („nomen triviale”) was added in 1753 for convenience; but LINNAEUS warns emphatically against forgetting the art-name (that is the phrase, „differentia specifica” or „nomen spicificum” of LINNAEUS) ¹). This art-name (phrase) was arranged methodically by him and bad to be such, that there was to be found in it exactly what was wanted to distinguish one species from the remaining known species; 12 words were the highest number allowed ²).

Description: In two previous publications (bibl. 1 and 2) I have brought the formation of calderas into relation with the gas phase, observed by Perret during the eruption of Vesuvius in 1906 (bibl. 3). In these papers I arrived at the conclusion that during the gas phase a cylinder is cored out, and that this may be the cause of caldera formation. In the first paper the subject was treated geometrically, while in the second calculations were made of a particular case (the Krakatoa eruption of 1883) to see if they would bear out this theory. This caldera-formation, however, is not a typical case, as there must previously have been an older Krakatoa-caldera, and in Aug. 1883 it was not a large portion of the volcanic cone that disappeared, but only an island which projected little above sealevel; the northern part of the ancient island Rakata, with the volcanoes Perboewatan and Danan. How a caldera might be formed from a cored-out cylinder I have tried to explain in two different ways. In the case of the Tengger-caldera I assumed, in analogy with what happened in Vesuvius after 1906 (bibl. 3 and 4) that the uppermost part of the cylinder was transformed into a funnel-shape by crumbling away of the walls, and that rising lava, as in Vesuvius 1913—1926, formed a flat bottom which continually reached higher levels. This explanation does not apply to the caldera of Krakatoa, as after the great eruption of Aug. 26th to 28th 1883 no further signs of eruption were observed, until in Dec. 1927 a new phase began in this famous volcano. In the case of Krakatoa in 1883, therefore, I thought it justifiable to apply the phenomena, known to occur in coal mining, of recent subsidences which are caused by the working of coal seams lower down.

Description: Von Herrn G. I. H. Molengraaff erhielt das Leidener Museum eine Reihe interessanter Korallen aus den Rudistenkalken von Curaçao, und Herr Ch. Weaver, in Seattle, überliess mir die von ihm auf seinen Reisen in den argentinischen Kordilleren gesammelten Korallen zur Bearbeitung. Ferner befand sich in der Sammlung K. Martin des hiesigen Museums noch ein Kalkstück von Curaçao mit einer Koralle, das zwar von Martin bereits erwähnt, aber noch nicht näher untersucht worden war. Schliesslich nehme ich die Gelegenheit wahr, um einige mir vor längerer Zeit von den Herren Steinmann und Windhausen übergebene Stücke zu beschreiben, so wie die Beschreibung einer von mir selbst in der argentinischen Kordillere gesammelten Koralle hier noch nachzuholen. Den oben genannten Herren sei auch an dieser Stelle noch vielmals gedankt für die Freundlichkeit mir das Material zur Untersuchung anzuvertrauen.

Description: The influence of the wind laden with sand in modelling pebbles is believed by some authors to be only that of polishing the surface, by others of rounding off bits of stone that already possessed edges and corners, or again by others of wearing any fragment either rounded or angular into definite forms with ridges and facets, dependent on the shape of the basis (Alb. Heim). Experiments, fully confirming the last opinion, are described in this paper: no rounding off took place, while the models were slowly revolved in the sandblast, and vertical planes took on a backward slanting position, cutting eachother along sharp edges. Where sand corrosion is great, as in the desert, the windworn pebbles owe their shape to the laws formulated by Heim; many of the fossil windworn pebbles of Northern Europe have undergone but slight alteration from their original shape and size by the natural sandblast, others seem to have been entirely remodelled by the wind along the lines indicated above.

Description: Only one eruption of the island Una-Una (Gulf of Tomini, Northern Celebes), in 1898, has been recorded in historical time; it was described in 1902 by Wichmann (l. c.) after data gathered from different witnesses. No lava flowed out, it was an ash-eruption. During that eruption large mud streams, called lahars, descended along the slope of the volcano and some broad flat-bottomed valleys were eroded (Pl. 44, fig. 4) which are known so very well from some Javanese volcanoes, especially from Mount Kelut. With the latter Una-Una shows many points of resemblance, in shape, structure and in type of the latest eruption. Along one of the large typical lahar valleys we climbed the volcanoe starting near Kololio. Fig. 6 and 7 show the higher parts of our road, typical v-shaped valleys, a product of ordinary water erosion. When seeing such lahar valleys one may presume that the volcano must contain or at least must have contained either a huge crater lake or a filling of loose, sandy, brecciated material strongly impregnated with water. Up to this moment all lava’s, pumice, tuffs and ashes, collected in the island Una-Una are andesitic. The andesite and the andesitic tuffs often show inclusions of carbonated peridotite. It is not impossible that also sediments occur on the island — though on our single trip we did not find them — thus in general structure Una-Una shows some resemblance to the other Togian islands, where, however, the volcanism is now extinct. The crater of the volcano has a diameter of about two kilometers. The textfigure 2 shows a schematic section, a being the western craterrim; b the bottom, consisting of mud, ashes and brecciated volcanic materia] (h) deposited in the crater after the eruption of 1898, thus giving origin to the flat bottom of the caldera-shaped crater. In the central part of the crater is an elevation, c of the same material but strongly metamorphosed by the activity of many solfatara’s which break through it. The author thinks that the elevation and the solfatara’s both owe their origin to a lava plug (g) which after the eruption of 1898 and after the filling up of the crater has penetrated through the crater-pipe and tilted the central part of the crater-bottom, itself not reaching the surface, however, as shown in figure 2 (see also Pl. 44, fig. 5 and Pl. 46, fig. 8). Pl. 46, fig. 9 shows the same phenomenon, a detritus plug in the crater lake of the Kelut volcano, Java. Fig. 2, d is a small crater lake; e is a detritus cone; h is a schematic section through the strato-volcano. In 1901 Professor Molengraaff visited Una-Una and made a fine photograph of the crater, which he kindly gave me for publication (Pl. 46, fig. 8). The activity of solfatara’s was somewhat stronger at the time of his visit; within short intervals a little cloud of smoke escaped from Una-Una, as shown in his sketch (fig. 3). Corals are growing on the submarine slopes in separate colonies. However, no true massive coral reef has been developed, owing to the young erosion stage of this volcanic island; still too large quantities of boulders and smaller detritus material are deposited along the submarine slopes and prevent a more luxurious reef growth.

Description: Habitat frequens in collinis arenosis siccissimis Distr. Mossamedes, ex Giraûl usque ad Cabo negro, inprimis locis sabulosis oceano proximis, v. gr. ad „Praia da Amelia”, denso agmine crescens, per totum fere annum florens et fructificans (Junio, Julio et Septb. 1859 legi). Exsic. Welw. Iter Angol. no. 2000. Rhizoma abbreviatum, mox in fibras descendentes solutum; flbrae perplures, elongatae, cylindraceae, simplices, pennae corvinae crassiores, villo albido, velutino, viscido undique obtectae et subsucculentae. Caespites pro soli et expositionis ratione nunc angusti et depressi, pauciculmes, nunc ampliores et altiores, culmos 8—10 et plures emittentes. Folia radicalia dense congesta, in macrioribus arcuatoascendentia, 1—2 pollicaria, in robustioribus erectiuscula, 3—5 pollices longa, angustissima, arcte plicata sive convoluta, subulatim acuminata, rigidula, cinereoglaucescentia, sub lente sulcato-striata et subtiliter scabrido-puberula, successive evoluta atque longe perennantia. Culmi simplices, a basi ascendenter erecti, inferne nodosi, nunc 1—1 ½-pedales, gracillimi et debiles, nunc (in solo humidiusculo vel minus sterili) 2—3-pedales, pennae corvinae fere crassitudine et firmiores, parce foliosi; nodi 2—4, constricti, glabri, fusco-purpurascentes, 1—3 pollices inter se distantes; folia culmi radicalibus quoad figuram et indumentum similia, sed longe vaginata; vaginae glaucescentes, tenuiter puberulae, ad oram pilis albidis fasciculatis prompte deciduis barbulatae, medio parum tumentes, inferiores nodos denudantes, suprema longissima, lamina abbreviata, culmum non raro ad paniculae basim usque vestiens. Panicula erecta, nunc vix 4-pollicaris, laxior et rariflora, sed plerumque elongata, 6—12-pollicaris, densior et multiflora, rachi compresso-angulata glabra, ramis 2—5 fasciculatis levigatis, erecto-patulis, parce ramulosis. Spiculae graciles, absque arista 3—4 lin. longae, pedicellis gracillimis, ipsis aequilongis vel longioribus, apice incrassatis suffultae. Glumae fere aequales, concavae, carinatae, constanter acutae, basi semper, rarius omnino violaceae, dorso undique vel solum juxta carinam hirsutae (nunc penitus glabratae), basi prominenter trinerves. Palea inferior coriacea, glaberrima, trinervis; aristae seta intermedia 1—1 1/3 poll longa, a medio ad apicem pilis hyalinis, tenuissimis, eleganter plumosa, laterales ea dimidio saltern breviores, nudae, divergentes, tenuissime capillares; palea superior abbreviata, obtusa, membranacea; squamulac integrae, acutiusculae, in diversis ejusdem paniculae flosculis diversae magnitudinis, quondam parum evolutae. Ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, stipitatum, glabrum, stigmatibus intense flavis, pilis simplicibus hyalinis plumosis, muco copioso involutis. Caryopsis cylindracea, vertice obtuso stylorum rudimentis biapiculata, basin versus obconico-attenuata, longitudine linearn parum excedens, glaberrima, longitudinaliter unisulcata.

Description: Die Versteinerung, welche der nachfolgenden Untersuchung zu Grunde liegt, stammt aus den Unter-Palembangschichten von Pangadang, welches 25 km westlich von Sekajoe gelegen ist, in der Res. Palembang des südlichen Sumatra. Sie befand sich etwa 500 m unterhalb der oberen Grenze dieser Formation und war in einem Tonknollen eingeschlossen, welcher aufgeschlagen die beiderseitigen Abdrücke und den grössten Teil des zugehörigen Steinkerns lieferte. Herr I. M. Kampmeinert, Geologe der „Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij”, entdeckte das Objekt und die genannte Gesellschaft überliess es mir zur Bearbeitung, wofür ich ihr verbindlichst danke. Durch freundlich erteilte Auskunft verpflichtete mich Herr Prof. Dr. Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach; für die Beschaffung schwer zugänglicher Literatur bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Matajiro Yokoyama in T\u014dky\u014d und Herrn Dr. I. M. van der Vlerk, Conservator in Leiden, verbunden.

Description: During his second Karakoram expedition in 1925 Mr. Ph. C. Visser collected some 70 rock specimens from the valley of the Hunza and its tributaries. The following is a petrographic description of these specimens and I gladly take this opportunity of thanking Mr. Visser for entrusting me with his valuable material. Geologists are much endebted to this energetic explorer for bringing together such a considerable number of samples under circumstances in which all carriage had to be reduced to a minimum and when so many other calls were being made on his time and energy. A collection made by a layman and therefore taken without many observations on mode of occurrence, must naturally be of limited value. When, however, it concerns a region that is almost terra incognita from a geological as well as from a geographical point of view, it may serve to give us an insight into the more salient features, especially petrographic and to some extent structural as well, and therefore constitute an important contribution to geological knowledge. Geologists will all hope that Mr. Visser will soon be in a position to add to the collections he has already made.

Description: As I have already pointed out in the Narrative of the Voyage (this journal Nr. 23) there is a marked difference between Caracasbay and Spanish Water, the former having clear blue ocean water, the latter being rather muddy. Spanish bay is quite the same as Caracasbay except that it is less sheltered against the tradewinds. Spanish Port is a narrow channel connecting Spanish Water with the bay and shows the transition in the different nature of the water. This difference has a great influence on the fauna as is shown especially by the coral population. For the rest the coralfauna of the West Indies is extensively described by POURTALÈS (III. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. No. IV. 1871), VERRILL (Trans. Conn. Ac. Vol. 11. 1901), and VAUGHAN (The stony corals of the Porto Rican waters. U. S. Fish. Comm. Bull. Vol. 2. 1901; Some fossil corals from the elevated reefs of Curaçao, Arube and Bonaire. Samml. des geol. Reichsmus. in Leiden, 1901; Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto Rico, with an account of the American tertiary, pleistocene, and recent coral reefs. Smiths. Inst. Bull. 103. 1919; etc.).

Description: The results may be summarized as follows: 1. According to Junghuhn and Verbeek the Diëngplateau is the floor of a large caldera, on which the younger volcanoes as G. Pangonan, G. Sipandoe and G. Pakoewadja have been formed. Nothing confirming this theory was found on the spot. 2. On the contrary the supposed large caldera wall was found to consist of separate points of eruption. To the oldest belong the G. Praoe, G. Sidede and G. Bisma, after which the G. Srodja, followed by the G. Sipandoe and G. Pangonan, the terminal craters of the G. Srodja (5—7) and No. 3 of the G. Bisma and finally the Pakoewadja-Kendel mountains were formed. For a fuller account of the often complex history of the various volcanic centres we must refer the reader to the map fig. 8 and the foregoing pages. The „Maaren”: T. Mendjer, T. Warna-Pengilon, T. Teroes and T. Merdada are the largest and finest examples of the many explosion craters. The most striking example of smaller explosion craters occurs to the east of the G. Pangonan as a straight line in a north-south direction developed as an open fissure between T. Loewoek and T. Teroes. The G. Koenir is a lavadome, and probably the G. Prambanan belongs to the same type. 3. The G. Praoe, G. Sipandoe, G. Pangonan and G. Kendil in joining together encircled a basin that had no outlet, in which the water and erosion products of the surrounding slopes collected — at a later stage peat was also formed. The overflow led to the south by the Kali Toelis. Finally a part of this lake was thus converted into dry land, the present Diëngplateau. In a similar manner the T. Tjebong was formed. The G. Srodja, G. Koenir, G. Pakoewadja and the eruption point No. 12 are grouped in such a manner, that they surround a cup-shaped space with no outlet. 4. After the Hindu civilization had disappeared from Java and the ancient city on the Diëngplateau was deserted, the artificial drainage channel, the Gangsiran Swatama, fell into disrepair and became partly choked up by silt. The water level, that had been artificially depressed by the Hindu’s was thus able to rise to its present height.

Description: Nachfolgendes ist als eine Ergänzung des Compendiums gedacht, welches ich im Jahre 1919 über die Fossilien von Java geschrieben habe; denn seither sind sehr grosse Sammlungen ostindischer Mollusken durch meine Hände gegangen. Zum Teil sind die Untersuchungsresultate in Abhandlungen über die Njalindungschichten sowie über das Pliozän von Cheribon und Atjeh publiziert; aber sehr vieles bedarf noch der Bearbeitung. Die Kenntnis der ostindischen Tertiärfaunen steckt noch immer in den Kinderschuhen. Das gilt nicht nur für das Festland — obwohl die eingehenden Studien des hochverdienten Vredenburg hier in der jüngeren Zeit einen grossen Fortschritt gebracht haben — sondern auch für den Ostindischen Archipel. Noch vor kurzem stellte sich heraus, dass von den pliozänen Gastropoden von Atjeh nicht mehr als ein Drittel in den Sedimenten von Java gefunden war, und im ganzen dürfte noch die Hälfte der tertiären Fossilien des Indischen Archipels unbekannt sein.

Description: The different theories concerning the origin of Salt Domes in Roumania, Germany, Texas, Louisiana, Colorado and Utah are discussed. In Roumania the salt occurs in cores of “Diapir” anticlines. The existance of hills of salt indicates, that the salt is still pushing upwards. In Germany the salt district shows slight folding but the salt itself is intensively folded. The theory of Lachmann-Arrhenius-Harbort explains the salt domes by isostasy combined with a lower specific gravity and greater plasticity of the salt than of the covering layers. This theory is opposed by Stille, who accounts for the salt domes by mesozoic folding. The latter theory has apparently gained preference in America for the explanation of the Salt Domes in Texas and Louisiana, although no indications of folding are met with there. Two series of experiments were carried out. Those of the first series were made to determine the form in three dimensions of the intricate folding, observed in the German salt mines and of which the folds round vertical axes in particular are very remarkable. Further it was the aim to find out if, by making use of forces, which may be compared to isostasy, similar folds could be artificially produced. When using layers of identical plasticity, regular congruous folds occurred (exp. I, 1). When layers of different plasticity alternated with eachother, smaller complicated, dis-harmonious folds arose, superimposed upon larger ones, corresponding to those of the preceeding experiment (exp. I, 2—7). It is important to note that in the field of vertical pressure, by difference in the viscosity between plastic and less plastic material, fissures were torn in the less plastic material, at right angles to the direction of movement, which were filled up by the plastic material. Similar rents may be expected in the salt fields. The experiments of the 2d series were made with a counter pressure equal to half the initial pressure per surface unit. The reason for making these experiments was that in the first series air-spaces occured. In nature, also, a considerable counter-pressure exists, during the rising of the salt in consequence of the weight of the covering layers. Remarkable folds were formed, which, in material of identical plasticity, showed an M-form in vertical section (exp. 1, series II). Exp. 6, series II showed that with a thick series of layers the top layers may begin to move before the lower ones. In this way two M-shapes originated one above the other. Exp. 3 and 4 were made with white paraffin of uniform melting point in which were placed a horizontal row of vertical pillars divided into layers, so as to be able to reconstruct the stream lines of the paraffin. Here the friction between the paraffin and the iron walls of the compression apparatus were seen to exercise an important influence upon the movement of the paraffin. The principle result of the experiments is that all shapes of folds, observed in the German salt domes, can be completely explained by Lachmann’s theory, that is by the isostatic pressing up of the specifically lighter salt in pillar-like masses. This alone, however, does not exclude the possibility that tangential pressure may be partially or entirely responsible for the known phenomena. The senior author gave a lecture on the first series of experiments at Bâle on September 3, 1927, at a meeting of the Mineralogical section of the Schweiz. Naturforschende Gesellschaft (bibl. 19) and at Delft in the annual meeting of the geological section of the Geol. Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap voor Nederland en Koloniën in March 1928.

Description: This second Part has its origin principally in Dr. ALFRED REHDER’S “Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs” 1927. That admirable work contains several revolutionary looking changes of names, which changes partly were already propagated in BAILEY’S works of the last years; and I have made a study of those names, beside others. The result is that I cannot in many cases join with REHDER’S new-old names and principles. But when I therefore criticise in all those cases REHDER’S opinion, the reader must not think thereby that I criticise REHDER’S work as a whole. I criticise the names and principles only because I think that these changes and principles are unfavourable with respect to the world’s effort to obtain unity of plantnomenclature; and I don’t think about criticizing the work as a whole. REHDER’S “Manual” is the result of long and arduous work; it is in its relative size the most complete, the sharpest as to the characters, the newest and most usable of all Dendrological works existing. No Dendrologist, even no Botanist, who has to do with Trees and Shrubs, can do without it.

Description: It is well known that before the famous eruption of August 1883 took place, the island Krakatoa consisted of three volcanoes, the basaltic volcano Rakata and the andesitic volcanoes Danan and Perbuwatan. With the great explosion of August 28th of that year Danan, Perbuwatan and the northwestern part of Rakata were entirely destroyed. Since then a coral reef began to grow on the Northwestern slope of the Rakata ruïn at a spot called Black Point (Zwarte Hoek), a place where the basaltic lava of Krakatoa is exposed.

Description: Three females belonging to this species were obtained from the branchial cavity of Microcosmus exasperatus at Spanish Water, Curaçao, April 3, 1920. They were not fully grown but measured about 4.50 mm in length, and the large incubatory pouch was filled with minute eggs. This is the species described by THORELL and referred by him to the genus Doropygus, but it differs so much from the other species of that genus that both GIESBRECHT and SARS recognized it as generically distinct. GIESBRECHT referred it to COSTA’S genus Notopterophorus, and SARS created for it the new genus named above, which seems to be correct.

Description: Three females belonging to this species were obtained from the branchial cavity of Microcosmus exasperatus at Spanish Water, Cura\xc3\xa7ao, April 3, 1920. They were not fully grown but measured about 4.50 mm in length, and the large incubatory pouch was filled with minute eggs.\nThis is the species described by THORELL and referred by him to the genus Doropygus, but it differs so much from the other species of that genus that both GIESBRECHT and SARS recognized it as generically distinct. GIESBRECHT referred it to COSTA\xe2\x80\x99S genus Notopterophorus, and SARS created for it the new genus named above, which seems to be correct.

Description: As I have already pointed out in the Narrative of the Voyage (this journal Nr. 23) there is a marked difference between Caracasbay and Spanish Water, the former having clear blue ocean water, the latter being rather muddy. Spanish bay is quite the same as Caracasbay except that it is less sheltered against the tradewinds. Spanish Port is a narrow channel connecting Spanish Water with the bay and shows the transition in the different nature of the water. This difference has a great influence on the fauna as is shown especially by the coral population.\nFor the rest the coralfauna of the West Indies is extensively described by POURTAL\xc3\x88S (III. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. No. IV. 1871), VERRILL (Trans. Conn. Ac. Vol. 11. 1901), and VAUGHAN (The stony corals of the Porto Rican waters. U. S. Fish. Comm. Bull. Vol. 2. 1901; Some fossil corals from the elevated reefs of Cura\xc3\xa7ao, Arube and Bonaire. Samml. des geol. Reichsmus. in Leiden, 1901; Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto Rico, with an account of the American tertiary, pleistocene, and recent coral reefs. Smiths. Inst. Bull. 103. 1919; etc.).

Description: Bei meiner Untersuchung dieser von Dr. VAN DER HORST auf Cura\xc3\xa7ao gesammelten Mollusken, standen mir auch wieder Tiere aus dem zoologischen Museum in Kopenhagen und aus dem Senckenbergischen Museum zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung, wof\xc3\xbcr ich Dr. TH. MORTENSEN und Dr. F. HAAS meinen wohlgemeinten Dank bringe. Die Aeolidiadae wurden in einer in der 24. Lieferung dieser Zeitschrift erschienenen Arbeit behandelt, die \xc3\xbcbrigen Tiere hoffe ich in einer sp\xc3\xa4teren Arbeit zu besprechen.

Description: The cirripedes of Cura\xc3\xa7ao and the southern borders of the Caribbean Sea have not been investigated hitherto. A collection of the littoral forms made by Doctor C. J. VAN DER HORST in 1920 contains the following species.\nDescriptions, figures and references to other literature of the species may be found in the Monographs of DARWIN \xc2\xb9) and of PILSBRY \xc2\xb2).

Description: For the reason that no records for this group of animals have been made anywhere near that region, the Bryozoa collected by Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST are of great interest. The collection is quite limited in the number of species, as might have been expected on account of the inconspicuous nature of most of them. Only the specialist in the group, accustomed to collect these minute animals and familiar with their habits of growth, occurrence and appearance, need ever expect to take a very complete series of them. Most of the species in the collection appear to be there incidentally, attached to shells, corals, etc., and were later found on close inspection. A considerable number of the species are represented by only one or two specimens and the examination of debris under the binocular microscope yielded several species in the form of minute portions of colonies. No doubt the bryozoan fauna of the waters about Cura\xc3\xa7ao includes several times as many species as appear in this report.\nIt is a typical collection of the tropical seas as far as it goes. Most of the species represented here are found in the Florida waters, where they have been recorded by SMITT (1872\xe2\x80\x9473) and OSBURN (1914). LEVINSEN (1909) has listed incidentally a few of the species for the region about the Virgin Islands (at that time the Danish West Indies). Otherwise, practically nothing is known of the Bryozoa in all that vast region which includes the West Indies, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

Description: Caracasbaai, 19. IV. 20, 6 spec.

Description: Die Poriferen-Ausbeute der Cura\xc3\xa7ao-Expedition Herrn Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORSTS verdient nach zweifacher Richtung besonderes Interesse. Einmal gew\xc3\xa4hrt sie in die Schwammfauna des s\xc3\xbcdlichen Teiles des Karaibischen Meeres Einblick, von der bisher erst sehr wenig bekannt ist. Seit der \xe2\x80\x9eArgo\xe2\x80\x9d- Expedition des Jahres 1876 ist die Spongien-Fauna dieses Gebietes nicht mehr untersucht worden. Ueber die Spongien von Cura\xc3\xa7ao lagen bisher in der Literatur \xc3\xbcberhaupt noch keine Angaben vor. Sodann liefern die Sammelergebnisse und Standorts-Aufzeichnungen Dr. VAN DER HORSTS Angaben \xc3\xbcber die \xc3\xb6kologischen Anspr\xc3\xbcche einer Reihe westindischer Schwammarten. Es ist kaum n\xc3\xb6tig zu bemerken, dass hier noch fast v\xc3\xb6llig Neuland vorliegt.\nDie Schwamm-Ausbeute, von der im folgenden das Ergebnis der Bearbeitung der Kalk- und Kieselschw\xc3\xa4mme (ausschliesslich der Hornschw\xc3\xa4mme) mitgeteilt werden soll, wurde von Herrn Dr. VAN DER HORST im April und Mai 1920 an der S\xc3\xbcdk\xc3\xbcste von Cura\xc3\xa7ao gesammelt. Es handelt sich um Litoralf\xc3\xa4nge, die im Wesentlichen in zwei \xc3\xb6kologisch sehr verschiedenartigen K\xc3\xbcstengebieten gemacht wurden: Der Caracas-Bai, einem Gebiet der offenen K\xc3\xbcste mit v\xc3\xb6llig klarem Wasser, teilweise der Brandung ausgesetzt, und \xe2\x80\x9eSpaansch Water\xe2\x80\x9d, einer Lagune, die mit dem offenen Meer nur durch einen schmalen Kanal (\xe2\x80\x9eSpaansche Haven\xe2\x80\x9d) in Verbindung steht, und deren Wasser regelm\xc3\xa4ssig starke Tr\xc3\xbcbungen zeigt. Einige wenige Spongien wurden auch aus dem eben erw\xc3\xa4hnten Meeresarm \xe2\x80\x9eSpaansche Haven\xe2\x80\x9d selbst mitgebracht.

Description: Spanish Bay, 11. V. 20, many spec.

Description: Ausser den von Dr. VAN DER HORST sind im Folgenden auch die von Ir. MOOLENGRAAFF bei Cura\xc3\xa7ao gesammelten Exemplare vermeldet. Sie sind resp. mit H und M bezeichnet.

Description: Boca labadera, 12. V. 20, 9 spec.; Spanish Bay, 11. V. 20, 10 spec.; Caracasbay, 3, 4 and 6. V. 20, 10 spec.

Description: Habitat frequens in collinis arenosis siccissimis Distr. Mossamedes, ex Gira\xc3\xbbl usque ad Cabo negro, inprimis locis sabulosis oceano proximis, v. gr. ad \xe2\x80\x9ePraia da Amelia\xe2\x80\x9d, denso agmine crescens, per totum fere annum florens et fructificans (Junio, Julio et Septb. 1859 legi). Exsic. Welw. Iter Angol. no. 2000.\nRhizoma abbreviatum, mox in fibras descendentes solutum; flbrae perplures, elongatae, cylindraceae, simplices, pennae corvinae crassiores, villo albido, velutino, viscido undique obtectae et subsucculentae. Caespites pro soli et expositionis ratione nunc angusti et depressi, pauciculmes, nunc ampliores et altiores, culmos 8\xe2\x80\x9410 et plures emittentes. Folia radicalia dense congesta, in macrioribus arcuatoascendentia, 1\xe2\x80\x942 pollicaria, in robustioribus erectiuscula, 3\xe2\x80\x945 pollices longa, angustissima, arcte plicata sive convoluta, subulatim acuminata, rigidula, cinereoglaucescentia, sub lente sulcato-striata et subtiliter scabrido-puberula, successive evoluta atque longe perennantia. Culmi simplices, a basi ascendenter erecti, inferne nodosi, nunc 1\xe2\x80\x941 \xc2\xbd-pedales, gracillimi et debiles, nunc (in solo humidiusculo vel minus sterili) 2\xe2\x80\x943-pedales, pennae corvinae fere crassitudine et firmiores, parce foliosi; nodi 2\xe2\x80\x944, constricti, glabri, fusco-purpurascentes, 1\xe2\x80\x943 pollices inter se distantes; folia culmi radicalibus quoad figuram et indumentum similia, sed longe vaginata; vaginae glaucescentes, tenuiter puberulae, ad oram pilis albidis fasciculatis prompte deciduis barbulatae, medio parum tumentes, inferiores nodos denudantes, suprema longissima, lamina abbreviata, culmum non raro ad paniculae basim usque vestiens. Panicula erecta, nunc vix 4-pollicaris, laxior et rariflora, sed plerumque elongata, 6\xe2\x80\x9412-pollicaris, densior et multiflora, rachi compresso-angulata glabra, ramis 2\xe2\x80\x945 fasciculatis levigatis, erecto-patulis, parce ramulosis. Spiculae graciles, absque arista 3\xe2\x80\x944 lin. longae, pedicellis gracillimis, ipsis aequilongis vel longioribus, apice incrassatis suffultae. Glumae fere aequales, concavae, carinatae, constanter acutae, basi semper, rarius omnino violaceae, dorso undique vel solum juxta carinam hirsutae (nunc penitus glabratae), basi prominenter trinerves. Palea inferior coriacea, glaberrima, trinervis; aristae seta intermedia 1\xe2\x80\x941 1/3 poll longa, a medio ad apicem pilis hyalinis, tenuissimis, eleganter plumosa, laterales ea dimidio saltern breviores, nudae, divergentes, tenuissime capillares; palea superior abbreviata, obtusa, membranacea; squamulac integrae, acutiusculae, in diversis ejusdem paniculae flosculis diversae magnitudinis, quondam parum evolutae. Ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, stipitatum, glabrum, stigmatibus intense flavis, pilis simplicibus hyalinis plumosis, muco copioso involutis. Caryopsis cylindracea, vertice obtuso stylorum rudimentis biapiculata, basin versus obconico-attenuata, longitudine linearn parum excedens, glaberrima, longitudinaliter unisulcata.

Description: It is well known that before the famous eruption of August 1883 took place, the island Krakatoa consisted of three volcanoes, the basaltic volcano Rakata and the andesitic volcanoes Danan and Perbuwatan. With the great explosion of August 28th of that year Danan, Perbuwatan and the northwestern part of Rakata were entirely destroyed.\nSince then a coral reef began to grow on the Northwestern slope of the Rakata ru\xc3\xafn at a spot called Black Point (Zwarte Hoek), a place where the basaltic lava of Krakatoa is exposed.

Description: Only one eruption of the island Una-Una (Gulf of Tomini, Northern Celebes), in 1898, has been recorded in historical time; it was described in 1902 by Wichmann (l. c.) after data gathered from different witnesses. No lava flowed out, it was an ash-eruption.\nDuring that eruption large mud streams, called lahars, descended along the slope of the volcano and some broad flat-bottomed valleys were eroded (Pl. 44, fig. 4) which are known so very well from some Javanese volcanoes, especially from Mount Kelut. With the latter Una-Una shows many points of resemblance, in shape, structure and in type of the latest eruption.\nAlong one of the large typical lahar valleys we climbed the volcanoe starting near Kololio. Fig. 6 and 7 show the higher parts of our road, typical v-shaped valleys, a product of ordinary water erosion.\nWhen seeing such lahar valleys one may presume that the volcano must contain or at least must have contained either a huge crater lake or a filling of loose, sandy, brecciated material strongly impregnated with water.\nUp to this moment all lava\xe2\x80\x99s, pumice, tuffs and ashes, collected in the island Una-Una are andesitic. The andesite and the andesitic tuffs often show inclusions of carbonated peridotite. It is not impossible that also sediments occur on the island \xe2\x80\x94 though on our single trip we did not find them \xe2\x80\x94 thus in general structure Una-Una shows some resemblance to the other Togian islands, where, however, the volcanism is now extinct.\nThe crater of the volcano has a diameter of about two kilometers. The textfigure 2 shows a schematic section, a being the western craterrim; b the bottom, consisting of mud, ashes and brecciated volcanic materia] (h) deposited in the crater after the eruption of 1898, thus giving origin to the flat bottom of the caldera-shaped crater. In the central part of the crater is an elevation, c of the same material but strongly metamorphosed by the activity of many solfatara\xe2\x80\x99s which break through it.\nThe author thinks that the elevation and the solfatara\xe2\x80\x99s both owe their origin to a lava plug (g) which after the eruption of 1898 and after the filling up of the crater has penetrated through the crater-pipe and tilted the central part of the crater-bottom, itself not reaching the surface, however, as shown in figure 2 (see also Pl. 44, fig. 5 and Pl. 46, fig. 8).\nPl. 46, fig. 9 shows the same phenomenon, a detritus plug in the crater lake of the Kelut volcano, Java.\nFig. 2, d is a small crater lake; e is a detritus cone; h is a schematic section through the strato-volcano.\nIn 1901 Professor Molengraaff visited Una-Una and made a fine photograph of the crater, which he kindly gave me for publication (Pl. 46, fig. 8). The activity of solfatara\xe2\x80\x99s was somewhat stronger at the time of his visit; within short intervals a little cloud of smoke escaped from Una-Una, as shown in his sketch (fig. 3).\nCorals are growing on the submarine slopes in separate colonies. However, no true massive coral reef has been developed, owing to the young erosion stage of this volcanic island; still too large quantities of boulders and smaller detritus material are deposited along the submarine slopes and prevent a more luxurious reef growth.

Description: Dr. Kopstein auf Ambon hat dem Leidener Museum eine Anzahl von ihm gesammelter Myriopoden gesandt, deren Bestimmung ich \xc3\xbcbernommen habe. Das Material ist nicht gerade reichhaltig, zumeist nicht gut conserviert und umfasst lange nicht die gesammte dortige Fauna; trotzdem war auch etwas neues darin, die neuen Arten leider nur in je einem St\xc3\xbcck; wie st\xc3\xb6rend ein so geringes Material ist, weiss jeder. Von den Fundorten sind die meisten neu f\xc3\xbcr die betreffenden Arten. Nur 3 Arten waren bereits von denselben Orten bekannt, n\xc3\xa4mlich Acanthiulus Blainvillei von den Aroe Inseln, Spirostrophus ambonensis und Dinematocricus philistus von Ambon, abgesehen von den weit verbreiteten Scolopendriden.\nVerzeichnis der Arten: CHILOPODA.\nOrphnaeus brevilabiatus Mein.: Ambon, Hitoe.\nEucratonyx hamatus Poc.: Ambon.\nScolopendra morsitans L.: Wa Katin, S\xc3\xbcd Boeroe. \xe2\x80\x94 Groot Kei. \xe2\x80\x94 Ambon. \xe2\x80\x94 Teoen, Banda See. \xe2\x80\x94 Insel Nila, Banda See.\nScolopendra subspinipes Leach.: Wa Katin, S\xc3\xbcd Boeroe. \xe2\x80\x94 Latoehalat auf Ambon.\nCupipes impressus armatus Dad.: Insel Nila, Banda See.\nOtostigmus astenus Kohlr.: Latoehalat auf Ambon. \xe2\x80\x94 Teoen, Banda See, Saparoea.\nOtostigmus Loriae Silv.: Dobo, Aroe Inseln.\nRhysida subinermis Mein.: Insel Nila, Banda See.\nEthmostigmus cribrifer Gerv.: Wa Katin, S\xc3\xbcd Boeroe. \xe2\x80\x94 Ambon. \xe2\x80\x94 Latoehalat auf Ambon.

Description: Im Laufe des Sommers und Herbstes 1926 trat Chrysaora hysoscella Esch. 1) am Strande zwischen Katwijk und Noordwijk sehr zahlreich auf.\nObwohl seit langem bekannt ist, dass die Kompassqualle stark variirt in Bezug auf F\xc3\xa4rbung und Zeichnung, liegen doch wenige genauere Beschreibungen und naturgetreue Abbildungen vor. Da es mir nun auf Grund reichlichen Materiales \xe2\x80\x94 so reichlich wie es vielleicht keinem anderen Forscher zuvor zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung stand \xe2\x80\x94 m\xc3\xb6glich war, die Variationen der genannten Form n\xc3\xa4her zu studieren, glaubte ich, die sich mir bietende Gelegenheit nicht ungen\xc3\xbctzt vor\xc3\xbcbergehen lassen zu sollen. Das Material wurde teils lebend im Wasser schwimmend gefischt, teils gleich nach Eintritt der Ebbe an den Strand gesp\xc3\xbclt gesammelt, befindet sich daher meist in bestem Erhaltungszustand. Gesammelt wurde haupts\xc3\xa4chlich auf der Strecke zwischen dem Badestrand von Katwijk und Noordwijk, doch wurde bei g\xc3\xbcnstigem Wetter das Untersuchungsgebiet gegen Scheveningen und Zandvoort zu ausgedehnt. Im ganzen wurden mehrere hundert Exemplare untersucht, von denen sich ein Teil im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden befindet. (Inv. N\xc2\xb0 342/349). Die Untersuchung erschien umso angezeigter, als im Mittelmeer eine nah verwandte Species von Chrysaora, mediterranea Per. und Les. nachgewiesen ist, die von Haeckel auf Grund einer Reihe anatomischer Merkmale als von hysoscella verschieden betrachtet wird, w\xc3\xa4hrend beide von Claus und Mayer als identisch angesehen werden. Vanh\xc3\xb6ffen, die befugte Autorit\xc3\xa4t, ist dieser Frage, ob beide Arten neben einander berechtigt sind oder nicht, im \xe2\x80\x9eNordischen Plankton" (16) aus dem Wege gegangen. Indem ich vorausschicke, dass ich auf Grand meiner Befunde die von Haeckel behaupteten

Description: 1. Diploneura (Dohrniphora) anterodorsalis n. sp.\nWeibchen. \xe2\x80\x94 Stirn etwas breiter als an den Seiten lang, vorn mitten stark vorgezogen, daher f\xc3\xbcnfeckig, gl\xc3\xa4nzend gelbrot mit schwarzem Ocellenfleck; auch die Backen und Wangen gelb. Antialen weiter von einander entfernt als von der ersten Lateralen; in der zweiten Reihe ist es umgekehrt. Drittes F\xc3\xbchlerglied klein, gelb, mit deutlichem Apex.\nArista sehr deutlich und locker pubeszent. Taster gelb, oben schwach ausgeh\xc3\xb6hlt, mit den gew\xc3\xb6hnlichen Borsten. Clypeus knopfartig vorstehend.\nR\xc3\xbcssel gekniet, verl\xc3\xa4ngert und schmal, hornig; der Endabschnitt ist etwa so lang wie der Kopf hoch ist \xe2\x80\x94 Thorax schwarzbraun, nach vorn und besonders zu den Schultern hin gelbbraun. Pleuren gelbbraun, Mesopleuren im obern Teile behaart. Schildchen mit zwei Borsten und vier Haaren, es steht n\xc3\xa4mlich im Gegensatz zu den meisten andern Arten (ausser rhinotermitis, nitida und paolii) auch zwischen den Borsten jederseits ein Haar \xe2\x80\x94 Abdomen mit gelbem Bauch, sonst mattschwarz, die Tergitplatten jedoch zweifarbig: erstes Tergit vorn grauschwarz, mit bleichem Hinterrand; das verl\xc3\xa4ngerte zweite Tergit am Vorderrand breit, am Hinterrand schmal gelb ges\xc3\xa4umt, Mittellinie gelb, der Rest schwarz; drittes Tergit schwarz, mit gelber, nach vorn dreieckig erweiterter Mittellinie, sein Hinterrand schmal gelb ges\xc3\xa4umt; viertes Tergit (ein subquadratisches Pl\xc3\xa4ttchen) schw\xc3\xa4rzlich mit gelber, nach hinten erweiterter Mittellinie. siebentes Segment an beiden Seiten mit chitin\xc3\xb6ser schwarzer Platte. \xe2\x80\x94 Beine gelb, nur Spitze und Dorsalkante der verbreiterten Hinterschenkel schwarz. Vordertibie mit vier kr\xc3\xa4ftigen B\xc3\xb6rstchen, einer auf der obern, drei auf der untern H\xc3\xa4lfte: Vordertarsen l\xc3\xa4nger als die

Description: INTRODUCTION.\nA complete description of the summer plumage of Tringa canutus never seems to have been given. For this reason alone it might be of some value to describe it in more detail than has been done before.\nThe chief object of the present paper, however, is not the description of the summer dress, but the discussion of a problem connected with it, which is of much more general interest. As the same problem presents itself in the summer plumage of one of the Knot\'s nearest relatives, the plumage of this bird, Tringa crassirostris, will be dealt with in the latter part of the present paper. I have to thank my friend Dr. H. Boschma for his valuable assistance in the preparation of this paper.\nIII. THE PLUMAGE OF TRINGA CANUTUS L. 1. MATERIAL.\nThe material on which this investigation is based consists of about 140 skins in the collections of the Zoological Museum at Copenhagen and of the Museums of Natural History at London and at Leiden; besides, a few skins from the collections of Mr. G. A. Brouwer and myself and that of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam have been studied, making a total of about 150. I have to thank the authorities of the institutions mentioned for giving me kind permission to work in their departments: Mr. R. H\xc3\xb6rring, mag. sc, of Copenhagen, Dr. P. R.\nLowe of London, Prof. E. D. van Oort of Leiden, and Dr. L. F. de Beaufort of Amsterdam. Most valuable for my purposes were the large number of Iceland and Greenland birds in the Museum at Copenhagen and many birds from America and East Asia in the Museum at London.

Description: Op een levend voorwerp van Varanus komodoensis Ouwens in de verzameling van het Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam werden in October 1926 eenige Aponomma\'s gevonden, die mij ter onderzoek toegezonden werden. Deze behooren tot eene nog onbeschrevene soort, van welke ik hierna de beschrijving volgen laat. In het geheel werden een 35-tal exemplaren, alle \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, gevonden, die zich in het Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Museum te Amsterdam, alsmede in \'s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden bevinden. Als gewoonlijk, zaten de teken met een klein gedeelte van de voorste helft onder den vrijen achterrand der schubben verscholen. De nieuwe soort blijkt aan Aponomma auratus (Shaw 1793) (gervaisi Lucas 1847) naverwant te zijn.\nMaten. Het afgebeelde individu was er een van middelbare grootte.\nHet heeft de grootste breedte van 2600 \xc2\xb5; de lengte bedraagt, zonder het gnathosoma, 2375 \xc2\xb5, met dat lichaamsdeel 2785 \xc2\xb5. Reeds met het bloote oog waren de verschillen in afmeting te zien. Ik mat de grootste en vond daarbij de grootste breedte van 3000 \xc2\xb5; bij een der kleinsten bedroeg deze 2200 \xc2\xb5. \xe2\x80\x94 Vorm. Zooals uit de figuur blijkt, nadert de vorm dien van een afgerond trapezium. Zoowel de achterrand als de zijden zijn, bij het afgebeelde individu, bij benadering recht. Andere individuen waren iets meer rond, doch geen enkel had den bekenden vorm van auratus. \xe2\x80\x94 Kleur. Fig. 1 geeft den indruk weer, dien men verkrijgt, indien men het dier bij opvallend licht door een sterke handloupe beziet. De donkerste gedeelten zijn zwartbruin; de iets lichtere gedeelten bruin tot lichtbruin, zelfs hier en daar met eene geelachtige tint. Het kleine veld rondom de zeer licht gekleurde middelvlek is zelfs

Description: 2. Pericallia dehanna (Pag.) (pl. VII, f. 1).\nArctia dehanna, Pag., Jahrb. Nass. Ver. f. Naturk. 38, p. 14; pl. I, f. 10, (1885).\nOpmerkelijk, dat zoowel door HAMPSON als door ROTHSCHILD deze soort, oorspronkelijk van Nias beschreven, over het hoofd is gezien. Zij is verwant aan P. ricini F. \xe2\x99\x82 Antennen vrij lang gekamd. Achtervleugeladeren 6 en 7 gesteeld. Palpen oranje, zwart aan de toppen; kop, tegulae, patagia, thorax en abdomen oranje tot oranje-rood; twee zwarte vlekjes op de tegulae; een zwart vlekje op den metathorax; dorsale, laterale en ventrolaterale seri\xc3\xabn zwarte vlekjes op het abdomen, dat ventraal ook eenige zwarte vlekjes vertoont; antennen grijs-bruin, de schaft lichter; op de oranje coxae der voorpooten twee zwart-bruine vlekjes; de pooten geel tot geel-wit met grijs-bruine strepen. Voorvleugel roodachtig-bruin, de aderen lichter, alles mat van kleur; een gele tot oranje-gele vlek vanaf de costa tot over de discocellularis; een tweede gele vlek vanaf den binnenrand tot ongeveer het midden van ader 2; een derde oranje vlek aan de vleugelbasis onder ader 1; een zwart stipje op de vleugelbasis. Achtervleugel mat en licht roodachtig geel-bruin met geel midden-, oranje anaal en basaal gedeelte, waarin eenige bruin-grijze vlekken tusschen ader 1 en 2, 2 en 3, in de cel en daar boven. Op deze wijze heeft de achtervleugel feitelijk slechts een grijs-bruinen buitenrand. De costa is boven het midden van ader 8 vrij sterk gebogen. De onderzijde lichter.\nVleugelspanning: 57\xe2\x80\x9460 mM.\nGeogr. verspr.; Nias, Simaloer, Sumatra (1 \xe2\x99\x82 Deli, Sch. v. L. leg., coll. Snell.) en Java.

Description: Die Versteinerung, welche der nachfolgenden Untersuchung zu Grunde liegt, stammt aus den Unter-Palembangschichten von Pangadang, welches 25 km westlich von Sekajoe gelegen ist, in der Res. Palembang des s\xc3\xbcdlichen Sumatra.\nSie befand sich etwa 500 m unterhalb der oberen Grenze dieser Formation und war in einem Tonknollen eingeschlossen, welcher aufgeschlagen die beiderseitigen Abdr\xc3\xbccke und den gr\xc3\xb6ssten Teil des zugeh\xc3\xb6rigen Steinkerns lieferte. Herr I. M. Kampmeinert, Geologe der \xe2\x80\x9eBataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij\xe2\x80\x9d, entdeckte das Objekt und die genannte Gesellschaft \xc3\xbcberliess es mir zur Bearbeitung, wof\xc3\xbcr ich ihr verbindlichst danke. Durch freundlich erteilte Auskunft verpflichtete mich Herr Prof. Dr. Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach; f\xc3\xbcr die Beschaffung schwer zug\xc3\xa4nglicher Literatur bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. Matajiro Yokoyama in T\\u014dky\\u014d und Herrn Dr. I. M. van der Vlerk, Conservator in Leiden, verbunden.

Description: Prof. Dr. E. D. VAN OORT, Directeur van \'s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, was zoo vriendelijk, het materiaal aan Acari, door den Gouvernements-Arts Dr. PH. F. KOPSTEIN, thans te Weltevreden bij Batavia, gedurende zijn verblijf op Ambon 1922 en 1923 verzameld, mij ter determineering toe te zenden. De voorloopige diagnosen verschenen reeds in de Entomologische Berichten v. 7, n. 146, p. 29\xe2\x80\x9433, 1 November 1925.\nLaelaps soricis Oudms. 1925. (Fig. 1\xe2\x80\x947).\nLaelaps soricis Oudms. in Ent. Ber. v. 7. n. 146. 1 Nov. 1925, p. 29.\nMaten. Lengte van het idiosoma 910 \xc2\xb5; grootste breedte (\xe2\x99\x80), voorbij het midden, 610 \xc2\xb5; Lengte der pooten resp. 840, 610, 660 en 940 \xc2\xb5.\nVorm breed ovaal, top naar voren; eigenlijke schouders zijn er niet, maar tusschen de plaats, waar deze zouden zijn en den vertex is eene bocht naar buiten, die schoudervormig is. \xe2\x80\x94 Kleur geelachtig.\nRugzijde. (fig. 1). Het epistoom (fig. 2) is min of meer bijenkorfvormig, vooraan met 5 zeer korte lobben, of met 4 kartels. Over het epistoom ziet men nog eene fijne half-ovale lijn. Het rugschild, breed ovaal, vertoont w\xc3\xa8l schouders, en, evenals het idiosoma, ook een paar schoudervormige uitbuigingen. Beharing. De meeste haren zijn lang (zoo lang als femur I), slap, en in hunne distale helft uiterst dun. De vertikaalharen (fig. 2) zijn korte, krachtige borstels; zij worden geflankeerd door 2 andere, kortere, en mediaad gebogene. Achter deze 4 staan 2 normaal gevormde, naar buiten en naar voren gerichte haren. Daarachter eene dwarsrij van 6. Verder zijn zij in grooter aantal aanwezig, dan bij de europeesche soorten. In het geheel tel ik op het schild 38 paar

Description: Toen ik eenigen tijd geleden het gorsen-materiaal uit Nederland in \'s Rijks Museum aanwezig aan een nader onderzoek onderwierp, kwamen mij ook de voorwerpen uit de collectie van Wickevoort Crommelin in handen en trof het mij, dat een drietal voorwerpen foutief gedetermineerd was. De oorspronkelijk door J. P. van Wickevoort Crommelin verrichte determinaties zijn door Dr. F. A. Jentink in 1894 onveranderd overgenomen in \xe2\x80\x9eCatalogue de la collection de feu Mr. J. P. van Wickevoort Crommelin" (Mus. d\'Hist. nat. Pays-Bas, XIV, 1894) en uit de opgaven in deze naamlijst hebben latere schrijvers hunne gegevens geput, zonder het materiaal aan een nieuw onderzoek onderworpen te hebben.\nTwee der voorwerpen behooren tot andere, reeds uit Nederland bekende soorten, terwijl het derde voorwerp tot een soort behoort, die tot heden nog niet uit ons land bekend was. Deze voor de Nederlandsche fauna nieuwe soort is: Emberiza caesia Cretzschmar.\nHet voorwerp, dat tot deze soort behoort, is door van Wickevoort Crommelin gedetermineerd als Emberiza hortulana Linnaeus en door hem vermeld in Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. I, 1863, p. 225. In de naamlijst van Jentink is het voorwerp op p. 33 vermeld als Emberiza hortulana (n\xc2\xb0 115\xe2\x80\x942).\nHet is een \xe2\x99\x80 en het werd 11 October 1859 op een vinkenbaan bij Overveen (N.-H.) gevangen. Deze in Zuidoost-Europa en Klein-Azi\xc3\xab voorkomende soort is bij uitzondering in Itali\xc3\xab, Zuid-Frankrijk en Oostenrijk waargenomen, ook op Helgoland, waar tusschen de jaren 1848 en 1867 volgens G\xc3\xa4tke ongeveer een twaalftal voorwerpen, hoofdzakelijk uitgekleurde \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, in de maanden Mei en Juni gevangen werden.

Description: 1. \xc3\x9c\nBER EINIGE ENTWICKLUNGSSTADIEN VON\nRHIZOSTOMA OCTOPUS LINN. (Mit 5 Textfiguren).\nDie Kenntnis der Entwicklung von Rhizostoma ist noch immer sehr l\xc3\xbcckenhaft. Bisher ist es nicht gelungen, aus der Strobila die Ephyra und sp\xc3\xa4tere Stadien zu z\xc3\xbcchten, auch wurden die postephyralen Stadien im Plankton des Mittelmeeres und der Nordsee nur sehr selten gefischt.\nSeit CLAUS, der in 3 Arbeiten (1, 2, 3) eine Anzahl verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien beschrieben hat, sind die bisher noch bestehenden L\xc3\xbccken in der Entwicklungsgeschichte von Rhizostoma pulmo Agass. aus dem Mittelmeere nicht ausgef\xc3\xbcllt worden. \xc3\x9cber die postephyrale Entwicklung von Rhizostoma octopus Linn, aus dem atlantischen Ocean und der Nordsee ist \xc3\xbcberhaupt gar nichts bekannt. VANH\xc3\x96FFEN (8) sah sich daher bei seiner Besprechung der Entwicklung dieser Form im \xe2\x80\x9eNordischen Plankton" gen\xc3\xb6tigt, eines der von CLAUS von der Mittelmeerform beschriebenen Stadien abzubilden (Textfig. 34).\nIch hatte Gelegenheit, einige Entwicklungsstadien von Rhizostoma octopus, die aus dem Besitze der Staatlichen Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland und dem Staats-Museum in Hamburg stammen, zu untersuchen.\nDarunter befinden sich auch einige Stadien, die von CLAUS von der mediterranen Form noch nicht n\xc3\xa4her beschrieben wurden oder von seiner Beschreibung in mancher Hinsicht abweichen. Die Unterschiede sind, wie bei zwei so nahe verwandten Formen nicht anders zu erwarten, nicht sehr gross. 1) B. A. Helgoland 1895. I. 23/26 Juli 1895.

Description: In het brakke water van de Zeeuwsche eilanden komen Bryozo\xc3\xabn voor, die tot het geslacht Membranipora behooren en die zich van de andere soorten van dit geslacht onderscheiden door den vorm van de kolonie. De dieren liggen hier niet, zooals bij de meeste Membranipora\'s, tegen het substraat aan, maar vormen afstaande korsten, die tot groote, samengestelde klompen kunnen uitgroeien en die zich vasthechten aan palen en bruggen. Deze Bryozo\xc3\xabn zijn door een aantal onderzoekers, die ze tot zeer verschillende soorten brachten, in Zeeland en het omgevende gebied gevonden.\nIn \xe2\x80\x9eFlora en Fauna der Zuiderzee" vermeldt Mej. van Benthem Jutting (1922) dezen vorm als Membranipora membranacea (L.) var. erecta Loppens, naar aanleiding van de determinate van overeenkomstige Bryozo\xc3\xabnkolonies door Loppens (1906) als bovengenoemde vari\xc3\xabteit. De door Loppens beschreven kolonies komen inderdaad geheel overeen met den vorm, die in brakke wateren voorkomt als broze kluiten van sintelachtige consistentie, waarvan van der Sleen (1918), die ook Loppens aanhaalt, melding maakt.\nVan het voorkomen van den bewusten vorm was reeds eerder een mededeeling gedaan door Maitland (1896). Hij rekent deze dieren nu tot een vari\xc3\xabteit van Flustra johnstoni, een soort, die volgens Maitland veelvuldig op schelpen en steenen der Zeeuwsche stroomen voorkomt. Deze Flustra johnstoni is nu identiek met een door Johnston (1847) beschreven vorm van Membranipora membranacea (Johnston, I.c., p. 328, Pl. LVI, fig. 7).\nIn hetzelfde werk geeft hij op PI. LVII, fig. 11 en 12 twee vrij nauwkeurige teekeningen, waaruit met zekerheid te concludeeren is, dat deze gemaakt zijn naar objecten, die identiek zijn met de in brakwater voor-

Description: Die folgende Bearbeitung sumatranischer Libellen schliesst sich an zwei fr\xc3\xbchere Aufs\xc3\xa4tze \xc3\xbcber Libellen von Java und von Simalur an, die mir Herr Jacobson anvertraute. Die hier beschriebene wesentlich gr\xc3\xb6ssere Sammlung aus den Jahren 1913\xe2\x80\x9415 kam gegen Ende 1920 in meine H\xc3\xa4nde, sie h\xc3\xa4tte also l\xc3\xa4ngst erledigt sein sollen, und ich bin Hrn.\nJacobson und dem Direktor des Museums in Leiden zu Dank verpflichtet f\xc3\xbcr die Geduld gegen\xc3\xbcber der langen Verz\xc3\xb6gerung, die sich aus pers\xc3\xb6nlichen Gr\xc3\xbcnden ergab 1). Die Sammlung stammt zum weitaus gr\xc3\xb6ssten Teil aus den Padangschen Bovenlanden (P. B.), einem Teil von Sumatra, \xc3\xbcber dessen Odonaten noch sehr wenig berichtet ist. Die genauen Ortsangaben geben zwar dem Verfasser, der das sch\xc3\xb6ne Land nicht kennt, und wohl auch der Mehrzahl seiner Leser, keine Vorstellung vom Charakter der einzelnen Fundorte; genaue Orte und Daten, \xc3\xbcberall so wiedergegeben wie sie der landeskundige Sammler selbst den Objekten beigef\xc3\xbcgt hat, werden aber als Dokumente f\xc3\xbcr Gegenwart und Zukunft trotzdem unentbehrlich gefunden werden.\nNeben zahlreichen, in vielen Schriften zerstreuten einzelnen Notizen \xc3\xbcber sumatranische Odonaten gibt es einige wenige Schriften, die sich mit solchen speziell befassen, von Albarda (10) und Karsch (18) solche kleinern Umfangs, eine vollst\xc3\xa4ndige Zusammenstellung des damals bekannten von E. de Selys-Longchamps (14) und endlich die grosse, monographisch entwickelte Arbeit von Kr\xc3\xbcger (22). Diesen dient der vorliegende Aufsatz zur Erg\xc3\xa4nzung und gewissermassen Modernisierung; um den heute kostbaren Raum zu sparen habe ich mich streng an das Material der bearbeiteten Sammlung gehalten und auf kompilatorische Arbeit

Description: Wanneer wij de litteratuur over de in Nederland voorkomende Mollusca nagaan, vinden wij als laatste samenvattende publicaties de beide lijsten van het Mollusken-Comit\xc3\xa9. In de nieuwste (1927) valt ons onder meer het volgende op: \xe2\x80\x9eNiet altijd is de nomenclatuur geheel volgens de laatste eischen der prioriteit". Dit is inderdaad waar, en ik zal trachten met het onderstaande hierin zooveel mogelijk te voorzien.\nBij de meeste hieronder genoemde soorten volgen vindplaatsen. Ik heb alleen die vindplaatsen vermeld, die in bovengenoemde lijst niet voorkomen, daar dit stukje uitsluitend als aanvulling is bedoeld.\nHoewel ik ervan overtuigd ben nog lang niet volledig te zijn, neem ik aan, dat deze lijst een juisteren indruk zal geven van de verspreiding van onze Prosobranchia dan de lijst van het Mollusken-Comit\xc3\xa9.\nAan het vermelden van gemeenten als vindplaatsen heb ik niet vastgehouden, daar het m. i. onduidelijk is en verwarring moet veroorzaken, wat ik met het volgende voorbeeld afdoende hoop toe te lichten.\nTot de gemeente Den Haag behoort het strand van Kijkduin tot aan dat van de gemeente Wassenaar. We kunnen hieraan duidelijk twee deelen onderscheiden: 1. Scheveningen, het strand ten Noorden van de haven. 2. Den Haag.\nEen volkomen gescheiden fauna vertoonen deze stukken strand natuurlijk niet, maar toch is er een duidelijk merkbaar verschil, vooral wat de Lamellibranchiata betreft. Scrobicularia plana da Costa, Lutraria elliptica Lamarck, Cardium echinatum L., Cardium norvegicum Spengl. komen alle veel meer voor ten Zuiden van de haven.

Description: The results may be summarized as follows: 1. According to Junghuhn and Verbeek the Di\xc3\xabngplateau is the floor of a large caldera, on which the younger volcanoes as G. Pangonan, G. Sipandoe and G. Pakoewadja have been formed. Nothing confirming this theory was found on the spot. 2. On the contrary the supposed large caldera wall was found to consist of separate points of eruption. To the oldest belong the G. Praoe, G. Sidede and G. Bisma, after which the G. Srodja, followed by the G. Sipandoe and G. Pangonan, the terminal craters of the G. Srodja (5\xe2\x80\x947) and No. 3 of the G. Bisma and finally the Pakoewadja-Kendel mountains were formed. For a fuller account of the often complex history of the various volcanic centres we must refer the reader to the map fig. 8 and the foregoing pages. The \xe2\x80\x9eMaaren\xe2\x80\x9d: T. Mendjer, T. Warna-Pengilon, T. Teroes and T. Merdada are the largest and finest examples of the many explosion craters. The most striking example of smaller explosion craters occurs to the east of the G. Pangonan as a straight line in a north-south direction developed as an open fissure between T. Loewoek and T. Teroes. The G. Koenir is a lavadome, and probably the G. Prambanan belongs to the same type. 3. The G. Praoe, G. Sipandoe, G. Pangonan and G. Kendil in joining together encircled a basin that had no outlet, in which the water and erosion products of the surrounding slopes collected \xe2\x80\x94 at a later stage peat was also formed. The overflow led to the south by the Kali Toelis. Finally a part of this lake was thus converted into dry land, the present Di\xc3\xabngplateau.\nIn a similar manner the T. Tjebong was formed. The G. Srodja, G. Koenir, G. Pakoewadja and the eruption point No. 12 are grouped in such a manner, that they surround a cup-shaped space with no outlet. 4. After the Hindu civilization had disappeared from Java and the ancient city on the Di\xc3\xabngplateau was deserted, the artificial drainage channel, the Gangsiran Swatama, fell into disrepair and became partly choked up by silt. The water level, that had been artificially depressed by the Hindu\xe2\x80\x99s was thus able to rise to its present height.

Description: Nachfolgendes ist als eine Erg\xc3\xa4nzung des Compendiums gedacht, welches ich im Jahre 1919 \xc3\xbcber die Fossilien von Java geschrieben habe; denn seither sind sehr grosse Sammlungen ostindischer Mollusken durch meine H\xc3\xa4nde gegangen. Zum Teil sind die Untersuchungsresultate in Abhandlungen \xc3\xbcber die Njalindungschichten sowie \xc3\xbcber das Plioz\xc3\xa4n von Cheribon und Atjeh publiziert; aber sehr vieles bedarf noch der Bearbeitung.\nDie Kenntnis der ostindischen Terti\xc3\xa4rfaunen steckt noch immer in den Kinderschuhen. Das gilt nicht nur f\xc3\xbcr das Festland \xe2\x80\x94 obwohl die eingehenden Studien des hochverdienten Vredenburg hier in der j\xc3\xbcngeren Zeit einen grossen Fortschritt gebracht haben \xe2\x80\x94 sondern auch f\xc3\xbcr den Ostindischen Archipel. Noch vor kurzem stellte sich heraus, dass von den plioz\xc3\xa4nen Gastropoden von Atjeh nicht mehr als ein Drittel in den Sedimenten von Java gefunden war, und im ganzen d\xc3\xbcrfte noch die H\xc3\xa4lfte der terti\xc3\xa4ren Fossilien des Indischen Archipels unbekannt sein.

Description: The influence of the wind laden with sand in modelling pebbles is believed by some authors to be only that of polishing the surface, by others of rounding off bits of stone that already possessed edges and corners, or again by others of wearing any fragment either rounded or angular into definite forms with ridges and facets, dependent on the shape of the basis (Alb. Heim). Experiments, fully confirming the last opinion, are described in this paper: no rounding off took place, while the models were slowly revolved in the sandblast, and vertical planes took on a backward slanting position, cutting eachother along sharp edges. Where sand corrosion is great, as in the desert, the windworn pebbles owe their shape to the laws formulated by Heim; many of the fossil windworn pebbles of Northern Europe have undergone but slight alteration from their original shape and size by the natural sandblast, others seem to have been entirely remodelled by the wind along the lines indicated above.

Description: Le terrain explor\xc3\xa9 fait partie du prolongement vers l\xe2\x80\x99est de la zone des Alpes bergamasques que Cosijn et Jong ont commenc\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 mettre en carte en 1926 (fig. 1).\nIl comprend des parties du cristallin situ\xc3\xa9 au nord de la \xe2\x80\x9eligne orobique\xe2\x80\x9d, du paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9caill\xc3\xa9s (s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique, s\xc3\xa9rie Collio, Verrucano, partie du Servino) et du paquet charri\xc3\xa9 consistant en Muschelkalk et en Esino (Muschelkalk, Esino, Esino sup\xc3\xa9rieur, Raibl inf\xc3\xa9rieur, c. \xc3\xa0. d. \xe2\x80\x9eRaibler Plattenkalk\xe2\x80\x9d). Le plancher du Muschelkalk et de l\xe2\x80\x99Esino se trouve dans les couches du Servino qui servent de moyen de glissement. Ce Servino de la zone de charriage appara\xc3\xaet \xc3\xa0 la surface au nord et au nord-est du Passo San Simone.\nLe substratum des paquets s\xc3\xa9dimentaires consiste en la m\xc3\xaame substance que le cristallin charri\xc3\xa9 au nord sur ces paquets. Nous avons constat\xc3\xa9 la pr\xc3\xa9sence de trois chevauchements (les num\xc3\xa9ros I, II et III du diagramme), qu\xe2\x80\x99il faut consid\xc3\xa9rer comme des charriages dans la zone des racines des nappes alpines orientales sup\xc3\xa9rieures, n\xc3\xa9s par suite de la continuation du sous-charriage de l\xe2\x80\x99arri\xc3\xa8re-pays apr\xc3\xa8s la formation de ces nappes. Des paquets de s\xc3\xa9diments gliss\xc3\xa9s des l\xc3\xaavres m\xc3\xa9ridionals de celles-ci furent entra\xc3\xaen\xc3\xa9s passivement par ces chevauchements vers le sud et serr\xc3\xa9s ensuite partiellement. C\xe2\x80\x99est ainsi qu\xe2\x80\x99on rencontre actuellement des bandes de Verrucano et de Servino le long de la ligne d\xe2\x80\x99affleurement du chevauchement des Laghi di Porcile.\nLe cristallin appartient aux schistes de Rendena et d\xe2\x80\x99Edolo, et \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99exception des intrusions du granit porphyrique, il est probablement d\xe2\x80\x99origine s\xc3\xa9dimentaire (paragneissique). La pr\xc3\xa9sence de schistes de Tonale n\xe2\x80\x99a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 constat\xc3\xa9e nulle part. Cette division du cristallin en schistes de Tonale, de Rendena, et d\xe2\x80\x99Edolo remonte \xc3\xa0 Salomon (Lit. 17).\nLes schistes de Rendena sont identiques \xc3\xa0 notre \xe2\x80\x9egneisgroep\xe2\x80\x9d, qui repr\xc3\xa9sente les \xe2\x80\x9egneiss chiari\xe2\x80\x9d de Porro, les schistes d\xe2\x80\x99Edolo \xc3\xa0 notre \xe2\x80\x9efylliet en glimmerschistengroep\xe2\x80\x9d, qui repr\xc3\xa9sente les \xe2\x80\x9emicascisti a gneiss\xe2\x80\x9d de Porro.\nLa s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique, qui constitue le plus ancien \xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9ment du recouvrement s\xc3\xa9dimentaire, fit en partie fonction de substratum et prit part \xc3\xa9galement \xc3\xa0 la formation des \xc3\xa9cailles. Celle-ci n\xe2\x80\x99appara\xc3\xaet \xc3\xa0 la surface qu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 deux endroits, aux environs de Branzi et au nord de Porta, o\xc3\xb9 elle contient des porphyrs et des porphyrites de m\xc3\xaame que des tufs volcaniques \xc3\xa0 cristaux, des tufs lapideux et vitreux d\xe2\x80\x99une caract\xc3\xa8re porphyrique et porphyro\xc3\xafde. Sur les limites de ces effusifs et des couches de Collio se rencontrent des tuffites dits conglom\xc3\xa9ratiques et psammitiques, riches en couches de tuf proprement dit. Ce sont ces couches-l\xc3\xa0 qui ont donn\xc3\xa9 lieu dans les lames du paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles aux mouvements des s\xc3\xa9diments de formation plus r\xc3\xa9cente par rapport \xc3\xa0 la s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique, mouvements qui expliquent la discordance entre les s\xc3\xa9ries porphyrique et Collio.\nCette s\xc3\xa9rie Collio se compose d\xe2\x80\x99une s\xc3\xa9rie de gr\xc3\xa8s contenant des couches de tuf et surmont\xc3\xa9e d\xe2\x80\x99un paquet d\xe2\x80\x99ardoise sous une couverture concordante de conglom\xc3\xa9rats et de sernifites de Verrucano qui s\xe2\x80\x99y trouvent entrem\xc3\xaal\xc3\xa9s. On constate dans les ardoises la pr\xc3\xa9sence de plusieurs horizons.\nLe Verrucano passe insensiblement par des gr\xc3\xa8s m\xc3\xaal\xc3\xa9s de conglom\xc3\xa9rats tr\xc3\xa8s fins au Servino inf\xc3\xa9rieur. Cosijn d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0, dans le R\xc3\xa9sum\xc3\xa9 de son ouvrage \xe2\x80\x9eDe geologie van de Valli di Olmo al Brembo\xe2\x80\x9d (Lit. 2), a trait\xc3\xa9 des zones diff\xc3\xa9rentes du Servino.\nQuand parfois la formation des \xc3\xa9cailles a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 tr\xc3\xa8s intensive, le Servino entier a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 soumis \xc3\xa0 ce proc\xc3\xa8s. Le charriage du Muschelkalk et de l\xe2\x80\x99Esino pourtant s\xe2\x80\x99est produit toujours au moyen des ardoises et des marnes pr\xc3\xa9sentes dans le Servino moyen et sup\xc3\xa9rieur.\nLe Servino sup\xc3\xa9rieur passe insensiblement au Muschelkalk inf\xc3\xa9rieur. Tout ce que Cosijn dans l\xe2\x80\x99ouvrage susnomm\xc3\xa9 a constat\xc3\xa9 au sujet du Muschelkalk et de l\xe2\x80\x99Esino s\xe2\x80\x99applique \xc3\xa9galement aux calcaires du terrain d\xc3\xa9crit dans la pr\xc3\xa9sente \xc3\xa9tude, la part faite au Muschelkalk, dont la \xe2\x80\x9efaci\xc3\xa8s nord\xe2\x80\x9d seule s\xe2\x80\x99est d\xc3\xa9velopp\xc3\xa9e. Surtout au massif du Mont Pegherolo et du Mont Secco nous para\xc3\xaet-il que les zones 2 et 3 y contiennent moins de cement sableux et que les bancs calcaires y sont plus nombreux. Pour ce qui est du calcaire et de la dolomie d\xe2\x80\x99Esino, il faut observer qu\xe2\x80\x99ils ne contiennent gu\xc3\xa8re des fossiles, exception faite des Diplopores, tandis que l\xe2\x80\x99Esino sup\xc3\xa9rieur, en tant que nous avons pu constater, y manque totalement de minerai.\nDans le \xe2\x80\x9ePlattenkalk\xe2\x80\x9d de Raibl, qui forme au massif du Mont Pegherolo et du Mont Secco une couverture concordante avec l\xe2\x80\x99Esino sup\xc3\xa9rieur, on a pu constater la pr\xc3\xa9sence de fractures, qui tr\xc3\xa8s probablement se prolongent vers l\xe2\x80\x99est en s\xe2\x80\x99enfon\xc3\xa7ant consid\xc3\xa9rablement, quoique l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tat avanc\xc3\xa9 de l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9rosion les soustraie \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99observation. On peut les comparer aux failles en forme de cuiller \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9es par Cosijn. Leur formation remonte \xc3\xa0 la m\xc3\xaame cause que celle des failles qui s\xc3\xa9parent les lames dans le paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9caill\xc3\xa9s. Des failles analogues se rencontrent dans le massif du Pic del Vescovo et du Mont Valgussera.\nDans les paquets s\xc3\xa9dimentaires des Alpes bergamasques ont eu lieu des mouvements plus ou moins horizontaux dans la direction nord\xe2\x80\x94sud le long de zones qui se pr\xc3\xaataient \xc3\xa0 servir de surface de glissement. La pression occasionn\xc3\xa9e par le sous-charriage de l\xe2\x80\x99arri\xc3\xa8re-pays des nappes alpines orientales sup\xc3\xa9rieures se fit sentir du nord. Dans les paquets de s\xc3\xa9diments situ\xc3\xa9s entre deux zones de glissement, des failles inverses se produisirent qui eurent pour effet une structure imbriqu\xc3\xa9e dans les s\xc3\xa9diments du Perm et du Trias inf\xc3\xa9rieur, et une s\xc3\xa9rie de failles analogues dans les couches du Muschelkalk et de l\xe2\x80\x99Esino.\nEn cons\xc3\xa9quence de l\xe2\x80\x99action exerc\xc3\xa9e par le porphyr et le tuffite \xc3\xa0 la base des couches de Collio, le socle du paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles ne forme pas un plan uni, par opposition \xc3\xa0 celui des couches du Muschelkalk et de l\xe2\x80\x99Esino, qui se trouve dans le Servino.\nIl est probable qu\xe2\x80\x99un socle pareil se trouve encore dans le Raibl moyen, le long duquel le chevauchement du \xe2\x80\x9eHauptdolomit\xe2\x80\x9d s\xe2\x80\x99est produit. On ne le rencontre plus au terrain \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9 ici.\nComme la s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique a servi en partie de substratum et prenait part \xc3\xa9galement \xc3\xa0 la formation d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles, il est l\xc3\xa9gitime d\xe2\x80\x99admettre entre ce porphyr et le socle une discordance, qui du reste a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 indiqu\xc3\xa9e ailleurs dans les Alpes bergamasques, tandis qu\xe2\x80\x99il est fort bien possible que cette s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique repose encore par endroits \xe2\x80\x94 par exemple dans le terrain porphyrique du Lugano \xe2\x80\x94 sur le sol primaire.\nLe substratum des s\xc3\xa9diments pr\xc3\xa9sente des culminations et des d\xc3\xa9pressions. Cacciamali d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 a admis la pr\xc3\xa9sence d\xe2\x80\x99une culmination dans la vall\xc3\xa9e de Foppolo, et il faut reconna\xc3\xaetre le bien fond\xc3\xa9 de sa supposition. Cette culmination compliqu\xc3\xa9e forme le prolongement vers l\xe2\x80\x99est du grand bombement de Val Sassina, Ornica, Caprile et Mezzolda. Probablement le d\xc3\xa9crochement de Terzera a eu pour effet une dislocation dans la culmination de Mezzoldo par rapport \xc3\xa0 celle de Foppolo.\nLes lames dans le paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles et les failles inverses dans le Muschelkalk et l\xe2\x80\x99Esino ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 caus\xc3\xa9s par une pression dans la direction nord\xe2\x80\x94sud, qui tient au sous-charriage au moyen des culminations dans le socle des paquets de s\xc3\xa9diments de l\xe2\x80\x99arri\xc3\xa8re-pays.\nLa pr\xc3\xa9sence de d\xc3\xa9crochements horizontaux, qui se bornent aux paquets s\xc3\xa9dimentaires situ\xc3\xa9s entre deux planchers, s\xe2\x80\x99explique par la r\xc3\xa9sistance in\xc3\xa9gale que les parties diverses des diff\xc3\xa9rentes \xc3\xa9cailles rencontrent, donc en fin de compte \xc3\xa9galement par la distribution des culminations. (Voir sur la carte les d\xc3\xa9crochements horizontaux de Maiocco, de Cava d\xe2\x80\x99Ardesia, de Valleve-Branzi et la fracture dans la direction nord\xe2\x80\x94sud pr\xc3\xa8s de Valleve).\nPour le moment la structure tectonique des Alpes bergamasques se r\xc3\xa9sumera donc comme suit. Il y a trois chevauchements dans le cristallin, zone des racines des nappes alpines orientales sup\xc3\xa9rieures: 1\xc2\xb0. Le chevauchement des Laghi di Porcile (I). 2\xc2\xb0. Le chevauchement \xe2\x80\x9egneiss chiari\xe2\x80\x9d (II). 3\xc2\xb0. Le chevauchement \xe2\x80\x9eorobique\xe2\x80\x9d (III).\nHors de la zone situ\xc3\xa9e entre le Passo di Verobbio et le d\xc3\xa9crochement de Terzera, et de la partie orientale du terrain explor\xc3\xa9 (Valle di Carisole, Valle Sambuzzo), la ligne d\xe2\x80\x99affleurement du chevauchement orobique (chevauchement qui mit le cristallin sur les s\xc3\xa9diments) a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 partout pr\xc3\xa8sque entierement charri\xc3\xa9e par les chevauchements I et II. Aussi la fronti\xc3\xa8re alpino-dinarique, c. \xc3\xa0. d. la ligne d\xe2\x80\x99affleurement du chevauchement orobique, ne monte-t-elle \xc3\xa0 la surface qu\xe2\x80\x99aux endroits susmentionn\xc3\xa9s.\nLe chevauchement \xe2\x80\x9egneiss chiari\xe2\x80\x9d entra\xc3\xaena sur sa cr\xc3\xaate des s\xc3\xa9diments gliss\xc3\xa9s en bas et les mit par endroits \xe2\x80\x94 probablement surtout \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est \xe2\x80\x94 en contact imm\xc3\xa9diat avec les s\xc3\xa9diments du paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9caill\xc3\xa9s (Bte Fontanini, Monte Arete), tandis que le chevauchement \xe2\x80\x9egneiss chiari\xe2\x80\x9d, comme il a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 observ\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0, a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 charri\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 son tour par le chevauchement des Laghi di Porcile.\nDans les paquets s\xc3\xa9dimentaires mentionn\xc3\xa9s plus haut se rencontrent dans la direction nord\xe2\x80\x94sud des charriages plus ou moins horizontaux. Les planchers se trouvent dans le Servino, le Raibl et peut-\xc3\xaatre encore dans le Rh\xc3\xa4t, tandis que le paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles manque de socle uni par suite de l\xe2\x80\x99action excerc\xc3\xa9e par la s\xc3\xa9rie porphyrique. Dans les s\xc3\xa9diments situ\xc3\xa9s entre deux planchers se sont produits des charriages et des d\xc3\xa9crochements horizontaux, qui tiennent \xc3\xa0 la pr\xc3\xa9sence de culminations dans le substratum.\nLes charriages dans les tuffites ont eu lieu dans les \xc3\xa9cailles m\xc3\xaames. L\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9volution de ces charriages d\xc3\xa9pendait de l\xe2\x80\x99inclinaison des surfaces de charriage qui s\xc3\xa9parent les lames du paquet d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cailles.\nIl est admissible que les culminations du substratum n\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9taient pas toutes achev\xc3\xa9es avant les plissements tertiaires.

Description: The Coral Reefs of the Spermonde Archipelago (S. Celebes). 1. \xe2\x80\x94 The coral reefs of the Spermonde archipelago, West of Makassar (S. Celebes) are distributed over a submarine plateau, the so called Spermonde shelf, which to the landward side, gradually passes into the coastal plain of Makassar and Maros. To the East of Maros tertiary limestone mountains form the boundary of this plain; up till now we know Eocene and Miocene marine strata from these mountains. At the foot of these limestone mountains we find fossil coves about 30 meters above the present level of the sea, probably caused by a pleistocene abrasion and thus showing a pleistocene or postpleistocene negative shift of the strandline of about 30 meters. The coastal plain consists of volcanic material that was deposited in the sea, as is shown by foraminifera found in these volcanic tuffs (see fig. 1\xe2\x80\x943).\nThe submarine plateau forms, together with the coastal plain, one gradationplane; we can reconstruct the following history of this region (see fig. 4): During the pleistocene a sinking of the sea-level took place from A to B \xe2\x80\x94 we take 100 meters as the amount of this maximal sinking of sea-level, as we deduced at length in a detailed study on the submarine topography of the Java-sea, the South China-sea and Malacca straits (Bibliogr. 17 and 19) \xe2\x80\x94 either simultaneous with it or shortly afterwards a rise of the land took place over an amount of about 30 meters, so that at present, after the rise of sea-level over 100 meters, we find the sea-level at C.\nBecause there are no young reef limestones to be found in the coastal plain of Makassar we think it probable that the gradationplane has acquired its shape as such at the time of the negative shift of the strandline at the end of the Pleistocene. 2. \xe2\x80\x94 So the present coral reefs on the Spermonde shelf can for the greater part only have originated since the end of the Pleistocene; only those at the outer border of the shelf may have existed even during the Pleistocene; they gradually grew up as a barrierreef, now rising up from a depth of 30 fathom and showing many sandy islets on its crest. 3 and 4. \xe2\x80\x94 The Spermonde archipelago consists of a great number of submarine reefs, patchreefs and cays, in the most different stages of development in a manner quite analogous to those we described from the bay of Batavia; they also show the same distribution of the fauna in five different ecological facies.\nWe visited this region at the end of the East monsoon; its influence clearly manifested itself in the shape of the islands; especially the small sandy islets still uncovered by vegetation were crescent shaped, the convex side turned to the East, resembling a sanddune or barchan. It is of much interest to state that the East monsoon obviously was not able to cause an analogous result on the shingle walls. These shingle walls showed a quite opposite orientation. They were all found at the west side of the sandy islands, their convexity turned to the West; on the outer slopes the reef flourishes, on the inner side we find the shallow reef flat (see fig. 17 and Pl. IV in Liter. 16); the sandy islands allways form the most eastern part and as no shingle wall occurs on this side and no coral growth worth mentioning can flourish (because of the large quantities of coral sand sedimentating there) the eastern side of the islands allways offers a good landing place.\nSo, the geological structure of the islands as well as the distribution of animal life on the reefs clearly depends on a preponderating influence of the Westmonsoon, which blows unhampered on these islands across the Java sea and Makassar straits. The force of the east monsoon on the contrary, when blowing across the Flores sea, is broken, at least in the lower layers of the athmosphere, by the high mountains of South-Celebes (which form a shelter for the Spermonde archipelago against the force of the East monsoon). The small influence of the East monsoon is shown by the alternating shape of the sandy islets; its strength is not great enough to cause a permanent result in the orientation of the coralreefs, the shingle walls or the sandy islands.\nIn comparing data on wind frequency, wind velocity and the wind effect in the isle of Noordwachter (Thousand Islands, Java sea; Lit. 17) and the bay of Batavia, we pointed out that data on the wind effect always give reliable values for geological conclusions; we showed, however, that data on wind frequency only, may sometimes give indications as to the probable wind effect but only when the wind in question is not hampered in its route by mountains (see fig. 5 and 6).\nFigure 7 and 8 show typical instances; most of the islands in the Spermonde archipelago are built in an analogous manner. Some islets, however, show some differences from this general type; e.g. the island Sarappo has no reefflat and no shingle walls; it seems to me that this is clearly explained by the fact that on its western side the Salisireef occurs (fig. 10); Salisi shelters Sarappo against the strong surf of the west monsoon. 5. \xe2\x80\x94 When discussing the coral reefs in the bay of Batavia I pointed out the curious fact that most of the islets show negative shift of the strandline of one to two meters, indicated by parts of raised coral reefs, and as the isle of Leiden formed an exception I said (Lit. 5, pag. 8 and Lit. 16, pag. 64): \xe2\x80\x9eThe fact, that in some islands any sign of up heavel is wanting, pleads against an application of Daly\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9eworldwide sinking of ocean level\xe2\x80\x9d to explain the facts in Batavia bay\xe2\x80\x9d. Since then on one spot of Leiden island a raised coralreef was also revealed on a stormy day in 1929. So my objection against a possible explanation according to Daly\xe2\x80\x99s theory is of no value any more.\nThis paper is the third in a series cited here below in the bibliography; in the near future a note on Sluiter\xe2\x80\x99s coral reef at Krakatoa, a study on the coralreefs of Emmahaven (W.-Sumatra) and on the barrier reefs and atolls of the Togian islands (N. Celebes) will be published.

Description: In two previous publications (bibl. 1 and 2) I have brought the formation of calderas into relation with the gas phase, observed by Perret during the eruption of Vesuvius in 1906 (bibl. 3). In these papers I arrived at the conclusion that during the gas phase a cylinder is cored out, and that this may be the cause of caldera formation. In the first paper the subject was treated geometrically, while in the second calculations were made of a particular case (the Krakatoa eruption of 1883) to see if they would bear out this theory. This caldera-formation, however, is not a typical case, as there must previously have been an older Krakatoa-caldera, and in Aug. 1883 it was not a large portion of the volcanic cone that disappeared, but only an island which projected little above sealevel; the northern part of the ancient island Rakata, with the volcanoes Perboewatan and Danan. How a caldera might be formed from a cored-out cylinder I have tried to explain in two different ways. In the case of the Tengger-caldera I assumed, in analogy with what happened in Vesuvius after 1906 (bibl. 3 and 4) that the uppermost part of the cylinder was transformed into a funnel-shape by crumbling away of the walls, and that rising lava, as in Vesuvius 1913\xe2\x80\x941926, formed a flat bottom which continually reached higher levels.\nThis explanation does not apply to the caldera of Krakatoa, as after the great eruption of Aug. 26th to 28th 1883 no further signs of eruption were observed, until in Dec. 1927 a new phase began in this famous volcano. In the case of Krakatoa in 1883, therefore, I thought it justifiable to apply the phenomena, known to occur in coal mining, of recent subsidences which are caused by the working of coal seams lower down.

Description: The different theories concerning the origin of Salt Domes in Roumania, Germany, Texas, Louisiana, Colorado and Utah are discussed. In Roumania the salt occurs in cores of \xe2\x80\x9cDiapir\xe2\x80\x9d anticlines. The existance of hills of salt indicates, that the salt is still pushing upwards. In Germany the salt district shows slight folding but the salt itself is intensively folded. The theory of Lachmann-Arrhenius-Harbort explains the salt domes by isostasy combined with a lower specific gravity and greater plasticity of the salt than of the covering layers. This theory is opposed by Stille, who accounts for the salt domes by mesozoic folding. The latter theory has apparently gained preference in America for the explanation of the Salt Domes in Texas and Louisiana, although no indications of folding are met with there. Two series of experiments were carried out. Those of the first series were made to determine the form in three dimensions of the intricate folding, observed in the German salt mines and of which the folds round vertical axes in particular are very remarkable. Further it was the aim to find out if, by making use of forces, which may be compared to isostasy, similar folds could be artificially produced. When using layers of identical plasticity, regular congruous folds occurred (exp. I, 1). When layers of different plasticity alternated with eachother, smaller complicated, dis-harmonious folds arose, superimposed upon larger ones, corresponding to those of the preceeding experiment (exp. I, 2\xe2\x80\x947). It is important to note that in the field of vertical pressure, by difference in the viscosity between plastic and less plastic material, fissures were torn in the less plastic material, at right angles to the direction of movement, which were filled up by the plastic material. Similar rents may be expected in the salt fields.\nThe experiments of the 2d series were made with a counter pressure equal to half the initial pressure per surface unit. The reason for making these experiments was that in the first series air-spaces occured. In nature, also, a considerable counter-pressure exists, during the rising of the salt in consequence of the weight of the covering layers. Remarkable folds were formed, which, in material of identical plasticity, showed an M-form in vertical section (exp. 1, series II). Exp. 6, series II showed that with a thick series of layers the top layers may begin to move before the lower ones. In this way two M-shapes originated one above the other. Exp. 3 and 4 were made with white paraffin of uniform melting point in which were placed a horizontal row of vertical pillars divided into layers, so as to be able to reconstruct the stream lines of the paraffin. Here the friction between the paraffin and the iron walls of the compression apparatus were seen to exercise an important influence upon the movement of the paraffin. The principle result of the experiments is that all shapes of folds, observed in the German salt domes, can be completely explained by Lachmann\xe2\x80\x99s theory, that is by the isostatic pressing up of the specifically lighter salt in pillar-like masses. This alone, however, does not exclude the possibility that tangential pressure may be partially or entirely responsible for the known phenomena.\nThe senior author gave a lecture on the first series of experiments at B\xc3\xa2le on September 3, 1927, at a meeting of the Mineralogical section of the Schweiz. Naturforschende Gesellschaft (bibl. 19) and at Delft in the annual meeting of the geological section of the Geol. Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap voor Nederland en Koloni\xc3\xabn in March 1928.

Description: During his second Karakoram expedition in 1925 Mr. Ph. C. Visser collected some 70 rock specimens from the valley of the Hunza and its tributaries. The following is a petrographic description of these specimens and I gladly take this opportunity of thanking Mr. Visser for entrusting me with his valuable material.\nGeologists are much endebted to this energetic explorer for bringing together such a considerable number of samples under circumstances in which all carriage had to be reduced to a minimum and when so many other calls were being made on his time and energy. A collection made by a layman and therefore taken without many observations on mode of occurrence, must naturally be of limited value. When, however, it concerns a region that is almost terra incognita from a geological as well as from a geographical point of view, it may serve to give us an insight into the more salient features, especially petrographic and to some extent structural as well, and therefore constitute an important contribution to geological knowledge. Geologists will all hope that Mr. Visser will soon be in a position to add to the collections he has already made.

Description: Von Herrn G. I. H. Molengraaff erhielt das Leidener Museum eine Reihe interessanter Korallen aus den Rudistenkalken von Cura\xc3\xa7ao, und Herr Ch. Weaver, in Seattle, \xc3\xbcberliess mir die von ihm auf seinen Reisen in den argentinischen Kordilleren gesammelten Korallen zur Bearbeitung. Ferner befand sich in der Sammlung K. Martin des hiesigen Museums noch ein Kalkst\xc3\xbcck von Cura\xc3\xa7ao mit einer Koralle, das zwar von Martin bereits erw\xc3\xa4hnt, aber noch nicht n\xc3\xa4her untersucht worden war. Schliesslich nehme ich die Gelegenheit wahr, um einige mir vor l\xc3\xa4ngerer Zeit von den Herren Steinmann und Windhausen \xc3\xbcbergebene St\xc3\xbccke zu beschreiben, so wie die Beschreibung einer von mir selbst in der argentinischen Kordillere gesammelten Koralle hier noch nachzuholen. Den oben genannten Herren sei auch an dieser Stelle noch vielmals gedankt f\xc3\xbcr die Freundlichkeit mir das Material zur Untersuchung anzuvertrauen.

Description: Nebenstehende Kartenskizze mag dienen zur allgemeinen Orientierung \xc3\xbcber die Lage der von Dr. J. Cosijn (5) und mir aufgenommenen Gebiete.\nAls topographische Grundlage bei der Feldarbeit dienten die photographischen Vergr\xc3\xb6sserungen 1:25 000 der Messtischbl\xc3\xa4tter des Istituto Geografico Militare.

Description: Im Zusammenhang mit der von mir vorgenommenen Kartierung des \xc3\xb6stlichen Teiles des Luganer Porphyrgebiets machte ich im Herbste 1927 mit Herrn Prof. Dr. B. G. Escher und Herrn Dr. Kuenen eine kurze Studienreise nach dem Monte Arbostora, hierauf, w\xc3\xa4hrend zwei Wochen, Wanderungen \xc3\xbcber den Monte San Giorgio und in der Umgebung des Val Mara. Bereits auf diesen Wanderungen beobachtete ich zalhreiche interessante Tatsachen, die noch auf eine Erkl\xc3\xa4rung warteten.\nDas Problem der Quarzporphyrg\xc3\xa4nge unterhalb Rovio wird in der Literatur wiederholt erw\xc3\xa4hnt, jedoch nur von Kaech (Lit. 15, S. 133) ausf\xc3\xbchrlich beschrieben.

Description: In the paper on the Rhizocephala of the Siboga Expedition (\nVAN\nKAMPEN and BOSCHMA 1925) besides the material collected during this expedition a number of specimens from other collections have been described. Among these there were a few from the collection of the Leiden Museum (\'s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie). The rich collection of Crustacea in this Museum, however, contains a much larger number of specimens infested with Rhizocephala than those described in the cited paper, as turned out after an inspection of the whole collection.\nAlltogether 35 specimens, including the 10 specimens described in the cited paper, could be found.\nThe taxonomy of the Rhizocephala is a rather difficult problem, which can be solved only after the study of a comparatively large material. The differences between the genera of this group of parasites are strikingly enough (cf. SMITH 1906), but within each genus the species usually differ in subordinate characteristics only, the internal anatomy of the species of each genus usually showing a close resemblance. The chief characteristics of the species, especially in Sacculina and allied genera, are those of the chitinous parts of the mantle: the excrescences of the external cuticle and the retinacula. KOSSMANN (1872) discovered the excrescences of the external cuticle in many Sacculinidae from the Philippine Islands and by means of these excrescences he was able to describe several species. Many of these species are well defined and we could identify a certain number of specimens from the East Indies with some of KOSSMANN\'S species (cf. VAN KAMPEN and BOSCHMA 1925).\nIn the cited paper we moreover proved that in certain cases also the

Description: In 1921 \'s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie received from Jhr. W. C. VAN HEURN a collection of landmollusca, collected by him at about 1600 m. altitude in the Malabar Mounts, West Java. Amongst 19 Cyclophorus rafflesi (Brod. & Sow.), 38 Cyclophorus perdix f. zollingeri (Mouss.) and 1 Dyakia rumphii (v. d. Busch) there was one Cyclohelix.\nNow the truth is that of this genus no representative has been hitherto recorded from Java. KOBELT (Cyclophoridae in: Tierreich, 1902, p. 144\xe2\x80\x94146) mentions the following species in all: crocatus (Born) = turbo (Chemn.), denselineatus (Pfr.), foliaceus (Chemn.) and nicobaricus Pfr. all from the Nicobar Islands and leai (Tryon) from the Andaman Islands. Afterwards FULTON described C. kibleri from Nias Id. (Ann.\nMag. Nat. Hist. (7) Vol. 19, 1907, p. 156, pl. 10, fig. 4).\nOne is inclined to ask how it comes about that M\xc3\x96RCH (Journ. de Conch. Vol. 20, 1872, p. 316) and KOBELT (Nachr. Blatt, Vol. 31, 1899, p. 134 and Tierreich 1902, p. 144) consider C. turbo identical with C. crocatus as the two species do not agree in the least either in shape or in colour, while moreover the habitat of crocatus is altogether unknown (cfr. PFEIFFER in Mart.-Chemn. N. Syst. Conch. Cab. Band I, Abt. 191, 1849, pl. 19, fig. 4, 5 with BORN, Test. Mus. Vindob. 1780, pl. 12, fig. 11 and 12).\nThus it is clear that crocatus must be dropped from the synonymy of Cyclohelix turbo.\nIn the second place KOBELT (Tierreich 1902, p. 144) omits the record of C. turbo from Sumatra 1) by SOWERBY (Thes. Conch. Vol. I, 1843, p. 116, pl. 25, fig. 102, 103) afterwards quoted by PFEIFFER (I.c. p. 141)

Description: Daar het materiaal, aanwezig in het Rijksmuseum in hoofdzaak bestaat uit de collectie Snellen van Vollenhoven, dus bevat het grootste deel van het materiaal dat aan diens publicaties in de \xe2\x80\x9eBouwstoffen voor eene Fauna van Nederland", het \xe2\x80\x9eTijdschrift voor Entomologie" benevens in een aantal verslagen van vergaderingen der Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging ten grondslag ligt, leek het mij wel van belang omtrent de herziening van dit materiaal, waartoe ik in de gelegenheid was, een en ander te publiceeren.\nVooreerst volgt hier een opsomming van de soorten, die in de collecties onder juisten naam aanwezig waren en die dus in deze oudere publicaties juist, zij het dan ook vaak onder een thans niet meer gebruikelijk synonym, waren vermeld.1) Grypotes puncticollis H.-S. 2e Naamlijst. (Jassus.) Thamnotettix subfusculus Fall. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e Euscelis argentatus F. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e Deltocephalus ocellaris Fall. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e Deltocephalus striatus L. 2e Naamlijst. (Jassus.) Graphocraerus ventralis Fall. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e Eupelix producta Germ. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e cuspidata F. Bouwstoffen; 2e Naamlijst.\nAphrodes bicinctus Schrk. Bouwstoffen, (Acocephalus costatus Pz.); 2e Naamlijst, (Acocephalus rusticus F.) \xe2\x80\x9e bifasciatus L. Bouwstoffen, (Acocephalus.); 2e Naamlijst, (Acocephalus.) Ledra aurita L. Bouwstoffen; 2e Naamlijst; Versl. 11e Win-

Description: The account on West-Indian molluscs which I will give in the following pages, was started as a consequence of material, collected by Dr. J. BOEKE in the course of 1905, by Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST during April and May of 1920 and by engineer G. J. H. MOLENGRAAFF since 1921. Besides I will mention species from Cura\xc3\xa7ao already present in the collections of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam.\nThe majority of these species were collected alive and all of them belong to the littoral zone stretching from high-water-mark to about one fathom.

Description: Spanish Water, on the gills of Lutjanus chrysurus Bl., 13. IV. 20, 9 spec. \xe2\x99\x80; Caracasbay, 10. V. 20, 1 spec. \xe2\x99\x80.

Description: Herr Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST im Amsterdam hatte die Freundlichkeit, mir die von ihm im Jahre 1920 bei Cura\xc3\xa7ao gesammelten Polychaeten zur Bearbeitung zu \xc3\xbcbergeben. Ich kann hiermit das Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung vorlegen. Von dem umfangreichen Material hat Dr. R. HORST in Leiden in einer Mitteilung (Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. Afl. XXII. 5. Dez. 1922) bereits 9 errante Polychaetenformen aufgef\xc3\xbchrt, von denen 2 als Arten nicht n\xc3\xa4her begrenzt sind. Ich habe die von Dr. HORST beschriebenen Arten gleichfalls untersucht und sie unter der von mir f\xc3\xbcr richtig gehaltenen Benennung der Vollst\xc3\xa4ndigkeit halber in meine Arbeit mit aufgenommen. Ferner sind einige von dem ebengenannten Herrn mir zugestellte Polychaeten aus anderen Teilen des Westindien-Meeres von mir mit verwertet worden.\nIn meiner grossen Westindien-Arbeit (an anderer Stelle \xe2\x80\x94 Ueber westindische und einige andere Polychaeten-Typen 1925 \xe2\x80\x94 vorl\xc3\xa4ufig als W. M. 1919 angef\xc3\xbchrt) sind in einem Nachtrage eine Anzahl von Polychaeten von Cura\xc3\xa7ao verzeichnet, die von Prof. E. HENTSCHEL (Zool. Mus. Hamburg) dort gesammelt wurden. Da das Manuskript der erw\xc3\xa4hnten Arbeit zur Zeit nicht mehr in meinen H\xc3\xa4nden ist, konnte ich die festgestellten Arten in die vorliegende Arbeit nicht mit einordnen. Im \xc3\x9cbrigen verweise ich bez\xc3\xbcglich westindischer Polychaeten auf meine hoffentlich bald erscheinende grosse Westindien-Arbeit und auf die vorl\xc3\xa4ufige dar\xc3\xbcber erschienene Mitteilung (Sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Freunde. 1. Nov. 1922), ferner auf meine weiter vorn citierte Arbeit \xc3\xbcber westindische Polychaeten-Typen (1925) der zoologischen Museen von Kopenhagen und Wien.

Description: A species with the habit of Aristida divaricata H. et B., but welldistinguished by the wanting column and the curious tuberculate lemmas. Closely allied to Aristida gentilis HENR., which differs however in the other position of the glumes and in the smooth lemma. The species resembles in some characters the Aristida Parishii HITCHC., the latter has however a totally different shape of the panicle and the lemma is not tuberculate-hispid, but scabrous only on the upper half. Among duplicates from the U. S. Nat. Herbarium, kindly received from Mrs. A. CHASE, I found a second plant belonging to the species, a plant also collected in Arizona, north slope of Santa Rita Mountains, leg. D. GRIFFITHS no. 7269.

Description: Our Pinus halepensis is described by DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU in \xe2\x80\x9eTrait\xc3\xa9 des arbres et arbustes etc.\xe2\x80\x9d 1755 p. 126 as follows: Pinus Hierosolymitana praelongis et tenuissimis viridibus foliis PLUK.: Pin de Jerusalem, dont les feuilles sont tr\xc3\xa8s vertes, longues et menues.\nThis circumscription is a phrase without a trivial name. LINNAEUS himself also indicated the species in that period principally by a phrase; a trivial name (\xe2\x80\x9enomen triviale\xe2\x80\x9d) was added in 1753 for convenience; but LINNAEUS warns emphatically against forgetting the art-name (that is the phrase, \xe2\x80\x9edifferentia specifica\xe2\x80\x9d or \xe2\x80\x9enomen spicificum\xe2\x80\x9d of LINNAEUS) \xc2\xb9). This art-name (phrase) was arranged methodically by him and bad to be such, that there was to be found in it exactly what was wanted to distinguish one species from the remaining known species; 12 words were the highest number allowed \xc2\xb2).

Description: This second Part has its origin principally in Dr. ALFRED REHDER\xe2\x80\x99S \xe2\x80\x9cManual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs\xe2\x80\x9d 1927.\nThat admirable work contains several revolutionary looking changes of names, which changes partly were already propagated in BAILEY\xe2\x80\x99S works of the last years; and I have made a study of those names, beside others. The result is that I cannot in many cases join with REHDER\xe2\x80\x99S new-old names and principles. But when I therefore criticise in all those cases REHDER\xe2\x80\x99S opinion, the reader must not think thereby that I criticise REHDER\xe2\x80\x99S work as a whole. I criticise the names and principles only because I think that these changes and principles are unfavourable with respect to the world\xe2\x80\x99s effort to obtain unity of plantnomenclature; and I don\xe2\x80\x99t think about criticizing the work as a whole. REHDER\xe2\x80\x99S \xe2\x80\x9cManual\xe2\x80\x9d is the result of long and arduous work; it is in its relative size the most complete, the sharpest as to the characters, the newest and most usable of all Dendrological works existing. No Dendrologist, even no Botanist, who has to do with Trees and Shrubs, can do without it.

Description: Gen. Thumata Walk.\nThumata, Walk., List. Lep. Ins. Br. Mus. XXXV, p. 1900, (1866).\nHamps., Cat. Lep. Phal. II, p. 420, (1900). Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde X, p. 159, (1914).\nType: Th. fuscescens Walk.\nGeogr. verspr.: W. Afrika, Madagascar, Br. Indi\xc3\xab, Assam, Ceylon, Borneo, Java, Australi\xc3\xab.\nZuiger gereduceerd, klein; palpen vooruitstekend, doch niet over het voorhoofd reikend; dat met haar begroeid is; antennen van het \xe2\x99\x82 kort dubbel gekamd en wat verdikt aan de toppen; tibi\xc3\xabn middelmatig gespoord; abdomen wollig. Voorvleugel kort en breed; ader 2 vanaf het midden der cel; 3 vanaf voor den celhoek; 4 en 5 vanaf dien hoek; 6 vanaf onder den bovenhoek; 7, 8 en 9 gesteeld; 10 vrij; 11 met 12 samensmeltend. Achtervleugelader 2 vanaf over het midden der cel; 3 en 4 gesteeld; 5 vanaf ongeveer het midden der discocellularis; 6 en 7 lang gesteeld; 8 vanaf bij het celeinde.\nThumata fuscescens Walk.\nThumata fuscescens, Walk., List. Lep. Ins. Br. Mus. XXXV, p. 1901, (1866). Hamps., Ill. Typ. Sp. Br. Mus. IX, p. 86; pl. 158, f. 18, (1893).\nCat. Lep. Phal. II, p. 421, f. 332, (1900). Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde X, p. 159; pl. 17c, (1914).\nDeze soort werd tot nog toe niet op Sumatra gevonden, doch zal daar ongetwijfeld wel voorkomen. Grijs-bruin; kop, thorax, voorvleugelbasis en eenige vlekken langs de costa donker bruin; sporen van een gezaagde, buitenwaarts gebogen mediale; een duidelijke vlek op de discocellularis;

Description: The distinction between the genera of the Talitridae is mainly based \xe2\x80\x94 at least where the Dutch species are concerned \xe2\x80\x94 upon the shape and size of propodite and dactylus of the gnathopods (cf. TESCH: Talorchestia brito etc. in Zoologische Mededeelingen, \'s Rijks Museum van Nat. Hist., Leiden, Dl. II, 1916).\nIntermediate between the genera Talitrus and Orchestia is the remarkable genus Talorchestia, which STEBBING christened with that compound name because the females should be referred to Talitrus, but the males to Orchestia, if we ignored that they belong together. For the second gnathopod of the males carries the huge hand, which distinguishes Orchestia \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82 from Talitrus \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82. The females, however, differ from those of Orchestia in that their 1st gnathopod is not feebly subchelate, but simple as in Talitrus.\nWith the males the species can be easily recognized by the typical Talitrus saltator (Mont.) \xe2\x99\x80, 2nd gnathopod. form of the propodite of the second gnathopod. With the females this is by no means so easy. In Holland two species of Talorchestia occur, viz., Talorchestia deshayesii Aud. and Talorchestia brito Stebb. T. deshayesii Aud. can be readily distinguished by its smaller size and more slender form. Besides the eyes are comparatively smaller.\nThe female Talorchestia brito Stebb., however, resembles Talitrus \xe2\x99\x80 so closely \xe2\x80\x9ethat they are scarcely if at all to be distinguished from each other." This is quoted from Dr. TESCH, who in 1916 recorded T. brito for the first time as belonging to the Dutch fauna. But in the same paper he hints at the possibility \xe2\x80\x94 judging from STEBBING\'s figures \xe2\x80\x94 of find-

Description: In einer kurzen Mitteilung \xc3\xbcber adriatische Tornarien habe ich (4) vor Jahren beil\xc3\xa4ufig erw\xc3\xa4hnt, dass im Plankton des Triester Golfes ausser den relativ grossen Tornarien des Balanoglossus clavigerus noch eine zweite kleine Larvenform vorkommt. Diese kleine Tornaria, \xc3\xbcber welche ich seinerzeit keine n\xc3\xa4heren Mitteilungen machen konnte, habe ich nun in einigen Exemplaren und in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien in meinen Praeparaten aus Triest wiedergefunden und gebe ich im Folgenden eine kurze Beschreibung derselben. Bei genauerer Untersuchung hat sich n\xc3\xa4mlich ergeben, dass es sich hier nicht etwa um j\xc3\xbcngere Entwicklungsstadien des Balanoglossus clavigerus handelt, sondern dass hier eine andere Enteropneusten-Larve vorliegt. Bei fr\xc3\xbcherer Gelegenheit (8, p. 131) wurde bereits erw\xc3\xa4hnt, dass diese kleine Tornaria von Triest wahrscheinlich eine neue Form darstellt, dass sie den Tornaria-Typus I zeigt (s. d.) und wahrscheinlich einer Glossobalanus-species angeh\xc3\xb6ren d\xc3\xbcrfte.\nEs liegen mir im ganzen 13 Exemplare in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der progressiven und regressiven Entwicklung angeh\xc3\xb6rig vor.\nDas Material wurde bei den regelm\xc3\xa4ssigen Planktonf\xc3\xa4ngen des Fischers der damaligen K. K. Zoologischen Station in Triest zwischen dem Leuchtturme und dem Wellenbrecher von Barcola zusammen mit den Larven des Balanoglossus clavigerus gefischt. Es stammt aus der Zeit van Juni/ Juli 1911.\nDie Gr\xc3\xb6sse der Larve ist im Krohn-Stadium ca 0.50\xe2\x80\x940.60 mm., sie geh\xc3\xb6rt somit zu den kleinsten bekannten Enteropneustenlarven.\nBetrachten wir die einzelnen Stadien genauer, wobei bez\xc3\xbcglich Alters-

Description: Die Isopodenfauna der Niederlande ist zur Zeit noch sehr unvollst\xc3\xa4ndig bekannt, es war deshalb von vornherein zu erwarten, dass eine Untersuchung des Materials aus verschiedenen Sammlungen interessante Resultate geben w\xc3\xbcrde. Ausser dem Material aus dem Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie zu Leiden und dem Zoologischen Museum zu Amsterdam, das mir von den Direktoren dieser Museen, den Herren Prof.\nDr. E. D. VAN OORT und Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORT bereitwilligst zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellt wurde, bekam ich eine Anzahl Isopoden zur Ansicht welche von verschiedenen Forschern an mehreren Fundorten gesammelt worden war. Es stellte sich nun heraus, dass f\xc3\xbcnf Arten von Isopoden entweder Besonderheiten zeigen, welche in der Literatur nicht oder ungen\xc3\xbcgend beschrieben worden sind, oder eine weitere geographische Verbreitung haben als bis jetzt bekannt war. Die vorliegende Schrift enth\xc3\xa4lt die wichtigsten von diesen Besonderheiten. 1. Armadillidium pulchellum Brandt. (Fig. E).\nVon dieser Art habe ich 28 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 und 2 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82 untersuchen k\xc3\xb6nnen, die lebendig gefunden worden waren am Strand in der Umgebung von de Koog auf der Insel Texel am 10. Juli 1927 von Herrn H. J.\nDE\nFLUITER unter einem Korbe am feuchten Strandteil. Die Farbe des Alkoholmaterials war gelblich weiss, mit einer schwachen dunkelbraunen Zeichnung. Die Exemplare stimmen mit der Beschreibung, wie sie von G. O.\nSARS in Isopoda of Norway 1899 auf Seite 191 gegeben worden ist; nur in einem Punkte sind die Exemplare abweichend. Die Hinterecke des ersten Mesosomsegmentes ist nicht abgeschnitten, sondern endet, wie bei den andern Arten in einer stumpfen Spitze.

Description: INTRODUCTION.\nDans la collection des Orthopt\xc3\xa8res du Mus\xc3\xa9e de Leiden, se trouve encore la collection rapport\xc3\xa9e par les membres de l\'exp\xc3\xa9dition envoy\xc3\xa9e par la \xe2\x80\x9eNatuurkundige Commissie voor Nederlandsch Indi\xc3\xab", qui finissait malheureusement par la mort si pr\xc3\xa9coce de plusieurs de leurs membres.\nNous pouvons dire d\'\xc3\xaatre heureux en consid\xc3\xa9rant cette collection parce que la plus grande partie est assez bien conserv\xc3\xa9e et que les descriptions et les figures que DE HAAN nous donne sont tres bien ex\xc3\xa9cut\xc3\xa9es, surtout pour ce temps l\xc3\xa0.\nGr\xc3\xa2ce \xc3\xa0 cette exactitude les Orthopt\xc3\xa9rologistes ont pu identifier avec assez de certitude les esp\xc3\xa8ces d\xc3\xa9crites et les ranger dans le nouveau syst\xc3\xa8me.\nCependant on n\'a pas toujours r\xc3\xa9ussi dans tous les cas comme l\'article suivant vous montrera.\nC\'est mon intention de reviser les Acridiodea et de donner un r\xc3\xa9sum\xc3\xa9 de ce qui s\'y trouve encore. 1) Acridium (Truxalis) psittacinum de Haan 1842.\nBijdragen p. 146, pl. 23, fig. 1. 1) Dans la collection se trouve 1 \xe2\x99\x82 de Java que je prends pour le type. 2) L\'esp\xc3\xa8ce appartient au genre Atractomorpha et correspond tout \xc3\xa0 fait avec le psittacina de Haan, du tableau de Bolivar (3 p. 199) En voici les dimensions: Longueur du corps 23 mm. \xe2\x80\x9e de l\'antenne 6 \xe2\x80\x9e. \xe2\x80\x9e de l\'\xc3\xa9lytre 20 \xe2\x80\x9e. \xe2\x80\x9e du f\xc3\xa9mur poster. 10 \xe2\x80\x9e.

Description: Bei der Durchsicht mehrerer holl\xc3\xa4ndischen Andrena-Sammlungen fand ich eine Art, welche, soviel ich weiss, bisher noch nicht beschrieben worden ist.\nSie geh\xc3\xb6rt zu der schwierigen Gruppe der A. ovatula K. (afzeliella K.), und ist der A. wilkella K. (xanthura K.) am n\xc3\xa4chsten verwandt. Nach Herrn R. C. L. Perkins, dem ich einige St\xc3\xbccke dieser neuen Art zusand, fehlt sie in England; auf dem Festlande ist sie sicher weiter verbreitet, aber da die Unterscheidung von den Verwandten, besonders bei abgeflogenen St\xc3\xbccken, sehr schwierig ist, hat man sie wohl in der Regel mit A. wilkella K. oder ovatula K. verwechselt.\nDie folgende Beschreibung habe ich aufgestellt nach 5 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80 und 12 \xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x82: Andrena gelriae n. sp. \xe2\x99\x80. Schwarz. Kopf ungef\xc3\xa4hr wie bei wilkella gebildet, nur der Kopfschild etwas mehr vorgezogen und der Scheitel etwas fl\xc3\xa4cher. Oberkiefer am Ende gebr\xc3\xa4unt. Anhang der Oberlippe trapezf\xc3\xb6rmig, gl\xc3\xa4nzend, vorne in der Mitte etwas eingedr\xc3\xbcckt. Kopfschild dicht und fein k\xc3\xb6rnig gerunzelt, und ausserdem dicht und ziemlich grob punktiert, die Mittellinie nur gerunzelt oder ausserdem mit wenigen Punkten versehen, matt. Stirn und Scheitel dicht runzelig punktiert, matt.\nAugenstreifen von vorne samtbraun, von oben braungelb schimmernd.\nF\xc3\xbchler schwarz, die letzten Glieder unten schwarzbraun. Zweites Geisselglied so lang wie die zwei folgenden Glieder zusammen; das dritte und vierte Glied sind wenig breiter als lang, die folgenden ungef\xc3\xa4hr quadratisch, das Endglied ist l\xc3\xa4nger als breit.\nMesonotum und Schildchen fein gerunzelt und dicht und tief einge-

Description: Die kleine Sammlung von Hydromedusen aus dem malayischen Archipel, die sich im Besitze des Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden befindet, umfasst ca 400 Exemplare. Das Material stammt fast durchwegs aus der Java-See (Nordk\xc3\xbcste von Java, Semarang, Cheribon, Pekalungan), einige Exemplare sind von Singapore, und wurde in den Jahren 1905\xe2\x80\x941916 haupts\xc3\xa4chlich durch P. BUITENDIJK, zum geringen Teile durch K. HAASNOOT gesammelt. Es handelt sich hier fast ausschliesslich um K\xc3\xbcstenformen. Die Sammlung enth\xc3\xa4lt nur 1 Anthomedusen- und 1 Narcomedusenart, dagegen sind die Leptomedusen u. z. die Familien der Eucopidae und die Aequoridae ziemlich reichlich, die erstere mit 6, die letztere mit 4 verschiedenen Formen vertreten. Trachomedusen fehlen ganz.\nDie Litteratur \xc3\xbcber malayische Hydromedusen ist nicht gross. Bei einem Vergleich mit den wichtigsten in betracht kommenden Arbeiten (MAAS, Meduses d\'Amboine; derselbe, die craspedoten Meduses der SibogaExpedition) ergibt sich, dass die Medusenlisten in beiden genannten Arbeiten viel umfassender waren. In beiden Listen sind viel mehr Anthomedusen, in der Sibogaliste besonders viel Trachomedusen erw\xc3\xa4hnt.\nDie Uebereinstimmung in der Zusammensetzung der pacifischen (Fidji Inseln, AGASSIZ u. MAYER) und indischen (Maladiven, E. F. BROWNE) Medusenfauna mit derjenigen aus dem malayischen Archipel wurde bereits von MAAS hervorgehoben. Auf Grund der neueren Arbeiten von BIGELOW l\xc3\xa4sst sich dies auch auf die Hydromedusen von den Philippinen ausdehnen.\nTrotzdem die Sammlung kein ann\xc3\xa4hernd ersch\xc3\xb6pfendes Bild der tats\xc3\xa4chlich vorhandenen Medusenfauna der Nordk\xc3\xbcste Javas liefert, ist sie