ALBERT

Description: Vom Zwischenruf zum Kontrapunkt - vom kritischen Mahnen an eine vergessene Stimme zur unabhängigen Stimmführung in einem mehrstimmigen Stück. Der Frauenkongreß "Frauen Wissenschaft Natur" gab den Auftakt für die Stimmen von Frauen zu Naturverhältnissen und Geschlechterverhältnissen in verschiedenen Wissenschaften. Sie sprachen über die Produktionsbedingungen feministischer Wissenschaftlerinnen, über einige zentrale Begriffe wie "Rationalität", "Objektivität/Subjektivität" mitsamt ihrer geschlechtshierarchischen Verfaßtheit bis hin zur männlichen Utopie von der Ersetzbarkeit der Natur. Der Ausklang weist zugleich über dieses Buch hinaus auf die Notwendigkeit anderer Kompositionen in der Wissenschaft - von der Homophonie zur Polyphonie.

Description: New taxa and combinations are published here in anticipation of the revision of the Rutaceae-Pilocarpinae to be published in the near future (thesis, and in Flora Neotropica). Two new combinations of species excluded from subtribe Pilocarpinae are added.

Description: Oil bodies 7-12 in upper leaf cells, 10-20 in elongated basal leaf cells; globose to ellipsoid, 3-7(-10)x3-5 μm; colourless, coarsely segmented, consisting of c. 15-30 aggregated droplets (Colombia, Boyacá, páramos NW of Belén, Cabeceras Q. El Toral, 3765 m, Cleef 2292e; Ecuador, páramos de El Angel, 17 km. S. of Tulcán, 3350 m, Gradstein, Lanier & Weber s.n.). The presence of segmented oil bodies in Colura patagonica is remarkable because previous studies of living Colura (from Japan) reported homogeneous oil bodies (cf. Schuster & Hattori 1964; Inoue 1974).

Description: On 27 May 1976 Peter Arnold Florschütz, bryologist, died at the age of only 53 at De Bilt, Netherlands. Only six weeks prior he had been hospitalized as a result of kidney cancer. His untimely death came as totally unexpected and shocking news to his friends and colleagues all over the world, many of whom had seen him in excellent health the year before at the Botanical Congress in Leningrad. He was a lector of botany and curator of the cryptogamic herbarium at the Institute for Systematic Botany and acting director of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Utrecht, the same institution where he had studied biology from 1941 to 1949. In his professional capacity he had held positions at the Institute for Systematic Botany from 1946 until 1949 as student-assistant and from 1949 on as staff member. Initially under the directorship of his teacher in plant systematics Professor A. A. Pulle, and from 1948 until 1970 under Professor J. Lanjouw’s leadership, the “Flora of Suriname” was being tackled by the staff of the institute. Thus, as a young graduate student, Florschütz was assigned the revision of the mosses of Suriname; a comprehensive and difficult task, because in those post-war years there was a vacuum in European exotic bryology. The heydays, with Herzog in Germany, Brotherus in Scandinavia, Dixon in Great Britain and Thériot and Camus in France were over. At the beginning, Florschütz was entirely dependent on Brotherus’ treatment of the world’s mosses in Engler and Prantl, “Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.” In those years he had run over the leaves of this book for weeks on end in a typical posture, like he used to tell: folded in a chair, book on his lap.

Description: Campylopus introflexus, a new neophyte in western Europe, occurs throughout the Netherlands. After its first appearance in 1961, it is now a common moss. It grows as a pioneer on acid, well-drained places. The differences with C. pilifer are summarized. The occurrence of the latter in the Netherlands could not be affirmed.

Description: Campylopus galapagensis J.-P. Frahm & Sipman spec. nov. is described. It is closely related to C. pilifer Brid., from which it differs mainly by the presence of substereids in the ventral layer of the costa. It is endemic on the Galapagos Islands, where it occurs frequently from sea level to the highest summits at 1500 m.

Description: Tortula grandiretis Broth., differing from T. muralis Hedw. mainly in the larger, quite smooth lamina cells, is reported from three localities in the SW-Netherlands, where it occurred on open, sandy or clayey, brackish soil on recently enclosed mud flats or salt-marshes. It is also reported from one locality in Turkey. It was formerly known only from Turkestan (U.S.S.R.).

Description: The structure of the wood of the genera Castilla, Helicostylis, Maquira, Naucleopsis, Olmedia, Perebea and Pseudolmedia, considered to belong in the Olmedieae (cf. Berg 1972) is described. The diversity in anatomical structure between the genera is small, and it is hard to distinguish Maquira, Perebea and Pseudolmedia from each other. Castilla can be recognized by its thinwalled and wide-lumined fibres, Helicostylis by its parenchyma distribution, Naucleopsis (usually) by its more numerous vessels with a smaller diameter. A more marked difference is shown by the monotypic genus Olmedia with apotracheal banded parenchyma instead of the paratracheal aliform to confluent-banded parenchyma of the other genera. Septate fibres, which are characteristic for the other genera – some species of Helicostylis excepted – are nearly completely absent in Olmedia. This structural difference is considered as an argument in favour of the exclusion of Olmedia from the tribe Olmedieae (Berg 1977).

Description: The new checklist of Dutch liverworts comprises 126 species, 1 subspecies and 5 varieties. Since 1962 seven liverwort species have been added to the flora: Barbilophozia hatcheri, Calypogeia muellerana, Cephalozia pleniceps, Fossombronia incurva, Haplomitrium hookeri, Lophozia perssonii and Plagiochila porelloides. Of twelve species presumed occurrence in the Netherlands needs verification. Nomenclature follows Grolle’s “Verzeichnis der Lebermoose Europas” (Feddes Repert. 87: 171-279. 1976), except for Isopaches, Leiocolea and Microlejeunea, which are maintained as genera and Phaeoceros carolinianus, Cephalozia lammersiana, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophozia silvicola and Lophocolea cuspidata. , which are treated as intraspecific taxa.

Description: The new Amazonian liverwort genus Verdoornianthus is considered to be a specialized derivative of the widespread tropical genus Archilejeunea. Differences are the absence of innovations, the dull, suberect leaves, the tristratose rhizoid pad and the larger size of the lobule of the female bracts in Verdoornianthus. There are two species, V. marsupiifolius (Spruce) comb. nov. (Lejeunea marsupiifolia Spruce) from the upstream part of the Rio Negro and V. griffinii sp. nov. from Manaus.

Description: In continuation of de Ruiter’s treatment of Myrianthus and Musanga (Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 46: 471-510.1976), the present paper gives a revision of the African representatives of 17 genera of the Moraceae. The area studied not only consists of the African Continent, but also includes Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, the Mascarenes, the Seychelles, and the Aldabra Islands. Several new combinations are made: Antiaris toxicaria ssp. africana (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. africana var. usambarensis” (Engl.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. macrophylla (R.Br.) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaría ssp. madagascariensis (H. Perrier) C.C. Berg, A. toxicaria ssp. humbertii (Léandri) C.C. Berg, Broussonetia greveana (Baillon) C.C. Berg, Treculia africana ssp. madagascarica (N.E.Br.) C.C. Berg, and T. africana ssp. madagascarica var. sambiranensis (Léandri) C. C. Berg. Many names are brought into synonymy. Besides revising taxa, the present study aims to fill a gap in our knowledge between Asian Moraceae (studied by Corner, whose studies resulted in a new classification of the family) and the neotropical Moraceae, a subject of study by the present author. Therefore discussions about classification of the family and relationships of African Moraceae with moraceous taxa elsewhere are an essential part of the present paper.

Description: From April 1974 to October 1975 the author conducted field work on the Galápagos Islands for a vegetation study of Santa Cruz and Volcán Alcedo, Isabela. Plants were collected on other islands as well. Thirty-five taxa are new for the archipelago. When determining the material, I found some changes in nomenclature to be necessary. The first set of the collection is in U while a duplicate set will be deposited in CAS. A representative set will be deposited in an Ecuadorian Herbarium. The sequence of the taxa in the Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter 1971) is followed.

Description: This year Prof. Dr. F.P. Jonker, Frits as he is known among his friends, will retire from the formal academic life at the State University of Utrecht: a long and busy life of 49 years, devoted to teaching, administration, and scientific research. Looking back on all these years, one realises the important contributions that Jonker has made to botanical science in general and to palaeobotany in particular, both in The Netherlands and abroad, as well as the impact he has exerted on his surroundings, culminating in the vigorous activities of the Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology at Utrecht. To describe Jonker’s life history is indeed to describe the history of his laboratory. To understand the significance of Jonker and the character of the “lab”, we have to trace his life from its very beginnings at the town of Almelo in the eastern Netherlands, where he was born in 1912. His father and mother were teachers and both liked (wild) flowers. Thus both an intellectual and botanical background were already part of his life at a very young age. Soon Jonker joined a group of boy-scouts, where he combined his love for the outdoors with his interest in nature. In high school the biology teacher was Dr. J. Van Beusekom, an Utrecht botanist, who was at the same time scout-master of the scout group. In these formative years, “de Beus” was a decisive factor in influencing Jonker’s career. It was largely because of Van Beusekom that Jonker went to Utrecht University as a student.

Description: El 25 de mayo de 1976 falleció inesperadamente, a la edad de 53 años, Peter Arnold Florschütz, eminente briólogo y profesor de Botánica Sistemática en Utrecht (Holanda). Era bien conocido por sus estudios de los musgos de Surinam. Fue coauter del "Index Muscorum”, miembro de la comisión de la Flora Neotrópica y tesorero del IAPT. Durante sus últimos 10 años estudiaba, junto con la señora Florschütz, los musgos de los Andes colombianos. En 1972 visitó muchas zonas de páramos y selvas andinas, especialmente en los alrededores de Bogotá (Cundinamarca), la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Boyacá, Arauca) y el Nevado del Ruiz (Caldas). En 1975 tuvo la oportunidad de visitar nuevamente algunos páramos cercanos a la capital colombiana. Sus colecciones de 1972 y 1975 (con cerca de 1.000 números) se conservan en Bogotá (COL) con duplicados en Utrecht (U).

Description: Carcinization, or the process of becoming a crab, has been, and continues to be, a focal point of anomuran evolutionary hypotheses. Traditional examples of carcinization in the Anomura are most celebrated among hermit crabs but certainly are not limited to this group. Carcinization, if it has occurred, has done so independently in all major anomuran taxa. In this critique, the traditional examples of carcinization in the Anomura are reviewed and more modern variations on the theme assessed. Potential pathways of carcinization are examined from perspectives of adult morphology in the Paguroidea, Galatheoidea, Hippoidea and Lomoidea, with emphasis on the Paguroidea. Specific attention is given to the theoretical transformation of a hermit crab-like body form into a “king crab”- like lithodid crab. Resulting coercive evidence indicates: (1) that while the evolution of a crab-like body form certainly occurs, the traditional applications, based on inadequate and often inaccurate data, are flawed; and (2) that lithodid crabs did not arise from a hermit crab predecessor through the process of carcinization.

Description: Jan Stock was born in western Amsterdam 22 February 1931, the only child of Jan Hendrik Stock, a bank clerk, and Elisabeth Stock-Knevel. He exhibited an early interest as a child in living things, raising plants on a back balcony of his parents apartment and collecting animals during family excursions to the beaches at Zandvoort. However, it was in his early teens in the Hoogere Burgerschool that his interest in biology blossomed where he achieved perfect scores in natural history on his final examinations. He entered the University of Amsterdam in 1948 to pursue his studies of biology and worked under such figures as Profs. L.F. de Beaufort and H. Engel – his predecessors in the chair of Special Zoology – as well as Profs. J.E.W. Ihle and E.J. Slijper. It was Ihle in fact who first encouraged Stock to take up the study of pycnogonids, the sea spiders, a group in which he made some of his initial scientific contributions. His first scientific articles date from the student years and appeared in Het Zeepaard, the journal of the beach research groups of the Dutch Youth-Union for Nature Studies and the Dutch Natural History Society. These attracted him to the attention of De Beaufort who gave him a job as a curatorial assistant in the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam in 1950 with duties in the then poorly organized collections of marine invertebrates. He set up a card catalogue of the collections, tracked loans of museum materials to other researchers, and identified specimens for members of the public. It was through this last activity, when he received from the National Fisheries Institute (then at Bergen-op-Zoom in the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant) some parasitic copepods afflicting mollusks, that Stock developed another of his research interests, the taxonomy of copepods. His first real scientific papers date from that year.

Description: BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK Jr, R.C., A synoptical key to the genera of the Rubiaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 9 (1976) 15-55. Key of the bracketed type, often leading to flowers as well as fruits, with built-in descriptions of c. 6-12 lines; diagnostic characters are marked. Number of genera 68, incl. 3 introductions and 5 genera not recorded but possibly occurring in Thailand (mostly dependent on delimitation); Craib in 1932-34 has 71. Schumann’s system of 1891 is largely upheld, although no subdivision is here given, and some surprising changes in delimitation occur (e.g. in Keenania, Mycetia, Myrioneuron), which means that many new combinations must be floating around on herbarium sheets. Caution is in order where e.g. on p. 49 Mitragyna seems to have a new section Paradina with a supposedly basal placenta, or where Gardenia is authorized L. on p. 35 but authorized L. emend. Bakh.f. on p. 32. A comparison with Thonner’s keys reveals that Bakhuizen’s key works slower. His generic descriptions are true ’mines of information’ – mining requires a lot of backtracking before all characters can be compared. Desirable as it would be to extend a work like this to all Malesia, it would be better to abandon the Backer-way of keying, and instead describe all genera clearly, and prepare a multiple key as worked out by Leenhouts. Some synonyms are given (Notodontia yes, Quiducia and Symphyllarion no), nomina conservanda indicated, no references, no species. Several critical notes are added. — C.E. Ridsdale & M.J.

Description: BALGOOY, M.M.J. VAN. 1997. Malesian Seed Plants. Volume 1. Spot-characters. An aid for identification of families and genera. 154 pp., numerous text figures. Published by Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden. ISBN 90-71236-31-5. Paperback. Price: NLG 50. ‘Malesian Seed Plants, Volume 1, Spot-characters’ is the first of three planned volumes. Volume 2 ‘Portraits of tree families’ and Volume 3 ‘Portraits of non-tree families’ that will contain brief characterizations of families, will be published separately in the near future.

Description: Portraits of botanists who worked on the Ryukyu Islands, 80 in number, most Japanese, a few Americans, were published in the book by S. Hatusima, Flora of the Ryukyus, p. 56-75 (1971). Baas Becking, L. G. M. A meticulous bibliography, of the former Professor of Experimental Botany at Leiden and later Director of the Bogor Botanic Gardens, was prepared by J. Westenberg, 20 p. (North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1977).

Description: Brunonia is the title of a journal that will replace the Contributions from Herbarium Australiense (last no. 17, 1976). Subscriptions Aust. $ 4. annual, Herbarium Australiense, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra City, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. Nature Malaysiana, published quarterly by Tropical Press, 64A Jl. Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, started in July 1976. The price is Mal. $ 2.50 a copy. This first number, size 28 by 20 cm, containing 40 pages of text and some pages of ads, is devoted to ’our natural heritage’. It is full of showy photographs all in colour, with high quality popular texts on snakes, malaria parasites, spiders, wild orchids, mantis, frogs and elephants. Execution is very good. The journal seems aimed at the general educated public, well suited for display in airline offices, dentist’s waiting rooms, the reading table in an embassy, etc. where is surely will make life more pleasant, and set people’s minds in the proper direction.

Description: As could be expected errors and omissions occurred in the previous compilations which are corrected here.

Description: Austrobaileya replaces the Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium, and was devised to accommodate also shorter taxonomic notes. The Contributions amount to 20 numbers, with one article each; a cumulative index of names is in no 20, p. 73-88. In format and execution Austrobaileya resembles its predecessor but the useful page heads should be retained. Volume 1 number 1 (1977) was received in March 1978. It carries 9 papers on 74 pages, and a map with subdivisions of Queensland on the back flap. Frequency and price are unknown. Editor: L. Pedley, Queensland Herbarium, Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld. 4068, Australia. Brunonia replaces Contributions from Herbarium Australiense or rather seems a continuation of it in the same scope under a new name, and paged through per volume. The first issue appeared on 24 February 1978, it has 129 pages, carrying 11 papers. It will be ”issued at irregular intervals”. Subscription is A$ 10 per annum. Editor is B.J. Walby, CSIRO, Box 89, East Melbourne, Vic. 3002, Australia.

Description: University herbaria type specimen collection databases are available on the World-Wide Web at: http://www.herbaria.harvard.edu Leiden on the World-Wide Web — To show that we are with the time, the Bulletin has set a first step on the WWW. Dr. P.H. Hovenkamp (L) gradually is putting the bibliographies of the last issues (and this one, too) on the web so that you can more easily consult and browse. We can be found on: http://rulrhb.leidenuniv.nl/www/pubs/fmbull/biblio.html

Description: Localizing specimens and mapping localities has always been a tedious and time-consuming task for which much depends on the data mentioned on the labels. It has been found a blessing if collectors mention on labels the latitude and longitude. If this is given in an exact way it comprises degrees and minutes, e.g. 6° 45’ S, 141° 30’ E. If no dot-map is provided this appears to be a slightly clumsy formula in print and the question arises whether such exact figures are really needed. In scanning a geographical map the minutes will hardly mean something unless one uses local small-scale maps, as one minute is only a little more than 2 km in the terrain. In Pretoria only the degrees are given, joined into one figure, preceding the collector / after the locality. This simplification is, I think, practical and useful.

Description: On 3 September 1977, Dr. H.P. Nooteboom (L) went to Ceylon for 2 months to collect additional material of Symplocaceae for ’A revised Flora of Ceylon’. Although this project was due to end by September 1977, it appeared to have been extended for another year. The genus Symplocos, with about 20 taxa, is found in the wet zone (in the mountains of the central part, in the mossy forest up to 2400 m, descending to sea-level in the everwet primary forest in the SW. part of the island). Some species also occur in the secondary forest in the same region, one species is found in the whole island, in a variety of vegetation types, but mostly in secondary forest and shrubbery. Dr. Nooteboom could collect material of all the taxa, sometimes in many individuals, which revealed the difficult patterns of variability. Besides he made also general collections (Nooteboom 3036—3420). The weather was extremely bad; heavy rains caused inundations and landslides. Therefore the total number of collections was limited. Labelling and distribution is still going on.

Description: This issue is a special number, not because it is the latest of the Bulletin – for we try to make every issue a special one – but in June it was 50 years ago that the first one appeared. This, called ‘Bulletin Flora Malesiana’, was distributed with 150 copies only, of which 112 were sent to cooperating institutes, libraries, botanists, and interested persons. We now (1997) have an impression of 650, a stock which occasionally was very soon depleted. Until 1974 the Flora Malesiana Bulletin was under the editorship of the inexhaustible Professor Van Steenis, for a brief period assisted by Dr. H.C.D. de Wit (1950-1951). Then Dr. M. Jacobs took over, and he put a very special imprint on the Bulletin because of his great biographic and nature conservation interests. After his sudden death (1982), Dr. C. Kalkman for one year added the editorship to his burdens, and in 1984 passed the flag on to me. In 1992 it was decided to make the editorship more international and Dr. Mien Rifai of Bogor became co-editor.

Description: A survey of the flora and vegetation of Coron Island, Palawan is in the process of being written up at PNH. A Dictionary of Philippine Plant names is under the final touches at PNH. It will be printed at the University of Hawaii.

Description: Flora Malesiana series i volume 8 instalment 2, pages 31-300, came from the press in December 1977*. It contains the Ulmaceae by E. Soepadmo: 6 genera, 27 species; the Iridaceae by D.J.L. Geerinck: 6 genera, 7 species; the Cornaceae by K.M. Matthew: 1 genus Mastixia with 10 species; the Onagraceae by P.H. Raven: 2 genera, 14 species; the Bignoniaceae by C.G.G. J. van Steenis: 15 genera, 31 species + in concise treatment 23 ornamental species; the Crypteroniaceae by R.J. van Beusekom-Osinga: 3 genera, 8 species; the Symplocaceae by H.P. Nooteboom: 1 genus Symplocos, 58 species; the Lentibulariaceae by P. Taylor: 1 genus Utricularia, 22 species. Volume 8 instalment 3 is in proof. It contains the Labiatae and Anacardiaceae, as well as some Addenda, the Dedication to F.A.W. Miquel, and the Index, since volume 8 will then be completed.

Description: As could be expected errors and omissions occurred in the previous compilations; they are corrected here.

Description: It was decided that starting from volume 13 the subdivision of volumes into parts will be abandoned. It has appeared that almost nowhere, not even in public libraries, the parts were bound together into the thick volumes, so there is no reason at all to maintain the subdivision. We will also take the opportunity to modernize and embellish the cover. Volume 13 is expected to be available in September 1997. It will be quite a thick issue of 452 pages and it will contain treatments of seven families, three of which are (hemi-) parasitic. Contents will be: Rafflesiaceae (W. Meijer, KY), Boraginaceae (incl. Pteleocarpa, of uncertain position; H. Riedl, W), Daphniphyllaceae (T.-C. Huang, TAI), Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae (R.M.K. Saunders, University of Hong Kong), Loranthaceae and Viscaceae (B.A. Barlow, CANB).

Description: The preparation of botanical drawings is a craft in its own right, and furthermore, draughtsmen are human beings. Even these simple truths are trodden down by the taxonomist who during a final hour hands the draughtsman a bundle of specimens and some hasty indications. Naturally the result is anguish and confusion. Let us therefore add some observations to improve the situation. First: a botanical artist looks at plants with a different eye from the taxonomist – that’s why he is an artist and not a scientist. Fortunately, some overlap exists, where the two can meet.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae – b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Description: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson, former conservator of Forests, Kuching, now consultant forester and ecologist, new address: 30 Greenhill Gardens, Edinburgh EH10 4BP, U.K. His Far East address: c/o Room 432, 4th floor, Katong Shopping Centre, Singapore 15. Dr. P.S. Ashton of Aberdeen spent months in Kuala Lumpur, during the second half of 1975, principally to teach economic and forest botany at the University of Malaya.

Description: Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612 and Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A.

Description: This widespread family of over 2,000 species has only 77 species in Malesia of which 64 are indigenous, the remainder having been introduced for economical or ornamental use or as weeds. In Malesia 12 genera are represented, as follows: Borago (1 sp., cult.), Bothriospermum (1, intr.), Carmona (1, also cult.), Coldenia (1), Cordia (6 indig., 3 intr.), Cynoglossum (12 indig., 1 cult.), Ehretia (12), Heliotropium (6 indig., 5 intr.), Myosotis (1 indig., 1 intr.), Omphalodes (1, intr.), Rotula (1), Tournefortia (7), Trichodesma (2), Trigonotis (15). One dubious genus (Crucicaryum) is mentioned and one genus of uncertain affinities (Pteleocarpa) is treated fully. The general part of the treatment covers 19 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas, on palynology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham, and on phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy by R. Hegnauer. The family, genera, and Malesian species are described and annotated. There are keys to the genera and species. Illustration is by 14 line drawings, some of them full-page, and 4 photographs.

Description: This family, nowadays usually separated from the Loranthaceae, has far fewer species in Malesia, viz. 26, divided over 4 genera: Ginalloa (6 species), Korthalsella (5), Notothixos (6), and Viscum (9). The general part of the treatment covers 9 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas and L. van den Oever, and on pollen morphology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham. For phytochemistry the reader is referred to the pertinent paragraph under Loranthaceae, where both families are considered. The family, the genera and the Malesian species are described and annotated. There are keys to the genera and to the species. A key to Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, covering all Malesian taxa, is also included. Illustration is by six line drawings, mostly smaller than full-page, and by 7 photographs. The drawings are mostly redrawn from earlier publications.

Description: Of this predominantly tropical family 23 genera and nearly 200 species occur in the Malesian region, as follows: Amyema (59 species), Amylotheca (3), Barathranthus (2), Cecarria (1), Cyne (6), Dactyliophora (2), Decaisnina (21), Dendrophthoe (21), Distrianthes (1), Elytranthe (2), Helixanthera (11), Lampas (1), Lepeostegeres (9), Lepidaria (8), Loranthus (1), Macrosolen (24), Papuanthes (1), Scurrula (8), Sogerianthe (4), Taxillus (1), Thaumasianthes (1), and Trithecanthera (5). The general part of the treatment consists of 20 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas and L. van den Oever, and on pollen morphology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham. Phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy is treated for this family and Viscaceae together, see also next entry. The family, the genera, and the Malesian species are described and annotated; for complete synonymy the reader is often referred to earlier publications by Danser or Barlow. There are keys to the genera and to the species; in the largest genus Amyema there are also some regional keys to the species. A key to Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, covering all Malesian taxa, is also included. Illustration is by 32 line drawings, several full-page but often smaller, and by 15 photographs. The drawings are mostly redrawn from earlier publications.

Description: Some of the species and names of hydnoid fungi treated in Furukawa’s work are discussed. Hydnum albidum is recorded in Europe for the first time. Further finds of some interesting species are reported. Auriscalpium barbatum (Western Australia) and Steccherinum peruvianum (Peru) are described as new species. A key to the species of Auriscalpium is given.

Description: Subramanian’s concept of true and false chains of phialoconidia is rejected and replaced by a distinction between connected and disconnected chains. In connected conidial chains the primary conidial wall is strongly thickened at both ends and a connective is formed. This criterion allows the distinction between trichocomaceous or eurotiaceous (connected) and sphaeriaceous (disconnected) catenulate phialoconidia. The ultrastructure of conidiogenesis is described. On the basis of this criterion, the species of the Acremonium diversisporum series as well as the anamorph of Sagenoma viride Stolk & Orr with connected chains are transferred from Acremonium to the new genus Sagenomella to which four new species are added.

Description: Mycena agrestis is a new species of section Fuliginellae. It is compared with the section’s type species, M. vulgaris, and shown to differ from the other members known from North America. Thus far, section Fuliginellae has not been recorded with certainty from the Southern Hemisphere.

Description: The author describes two new subspecies of Rubus, viz. R. schlechtendalii subsp. subcentreuropus Beek and R. glandulosus subsp. picearum Beek.

Description: In the course of a study of coprophilous fungi collected in the Zoological Garden in Delhi, an ascomycete belonging to the genus Achaetomium was isolated. It differs from previously described species by larger ascospores and almost colourless ascomata with a wide apical opening.

Description: This sixth supplement to the original and invaluable Index Filicum continues the tradition of cross-referencing all basionyms to their new names. It covers the period from 1976 to 1990, a mere 15 years in the nearly 250 years that separate us from Linnaeus. Yet it contains 344 pages full of new species and new combinations (statistics on the numbers of each category are not provided). The dates for this volume are not very strict: important publications before 1976 that were not fully indexed in the previous volume have been incorporated in the main body, not in the Addenda, Corrigenda et Emendanda (ACE). Compare, for instance, the mere 16 new combinations in Sphaeropteris made by R.M. Tryon in 1970 listed in the previous Supplement with the nearly 100 listed here! For the first time in pteridological history, pteridologists now also have access to infraspecific names, and have less excuse to ignore some of them quietly. Whether this is an advantage remains to be seen. Records only go back to 1976 (although some older infraspecific names are listed in the ACE), which means that lots and lots of older names (and all their corresponding autonyms) are still waiting to take up their proper place in the priority. With nomenclatural rules on infraspecific names as intricate as they are now, and without the excuse of ignorance, it is very temping to move away from the use of infraspecific categories altogether.

Description: Identities are given for all 35 combinations published in Anplectrum A. Gray ( Melastomataceae) with additional notes on some of the taxa involved. Two new combinations are proposed in Creochiton Bl. and one in Dissochaeta Bl.

Description: A new monotypic genus Tamaricaria Qaiser & Ali of Tamaricaceae is described with a new combination i.e. Tamaricaria elegans (Royle) Qaiser & Ali.

Description: 1. The interrelations between the genera together constituting the Dimocarpus group in the tribe Nephelieae are represented in a scheme. In this scheme are added the main characters that are thought to be of phylogenetic importance. 2. A neotype.is proposed for Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb., the single species of its genus. To its distribution can be added the eastern half of Borneo, incl. also the Island of P. Laut. Mention is made of a geographic clinal variation in a few macromorphological characters. 3. Lilchi is considered to comprise only one species, L. chinensis Sonn., which is subdivided into three subspecies: subsp. chinensis, the commonly grown form, cultivated for thousands of years already, apparently adapted (by nature or partly by selection by man?) to a monsoon climate, if actually wild probably originating from northern Indo China; subsp. philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh., a wild form closely related to subsp. chinensis, known from the Philippines and New Guinea; and subsp. javensis Leenh., strikingly different from both other forms, known only as a cultivated fruit tree from southern Indo China and Java, apparently adapted to an everwet tropical climate. For subsp. philippinensis a lectotype is proposed. 4. Pometia, though macromorphologically distinctly derived and, moreover, palynologically apparently very exclusive in the alliance under discussion, seems clearly connected with Dimocarpus, the central genus in the group.

Description: Description of a new species, Diploglottis bracteata Leenh., from Queensland, Australia. Reduction of Euphorianthus (E. Malesia) to Diploglottis (NE. Australia). Discussion of the occurrence of actinomorphic and zygomorphic flowers in the Sapindaceae in nearly all tribes and even within ten genera. Discussion of the systematic position of Diploglottis bracteata: this species seems distinctly allied to and more derived than the New Caledonian genus Storthocalyx, and thus may belong to an old element of the Queensland flora allied with that of New Caledonia. On the other hand, D. bracteata is within Diploglottis closest to the East Malesian species, whereas the further Australian species are distinctly more derived. They may belong to a younger element in the Queensland flora of Malesian derivation.

Description: Herbae erectae caespitosae 1.5—2.0 m altae; rhizoma suberectum 1—2 cm diametro. Folia multa apice rhizomatis spiratim aggregata; petioli usque ad 1 m longi basi vaginantes, sparsim pubescentes; laminae ellipticae oblongo-lanceolatae glabrae 18—35 cm longae, 8—15 cm latae, basi acutae vel cuneatae, apice breviter acuminatae, infra subvirides, nervis lateralibus multis parallelis, nervulis multis scalariformibus inter nervos subtiliter transverse reticulatis; costa basi incrassata gradatim angustata et a nervis lateralibus haud distincta. Pedunculus principalis terminalis usque ad 1.5 m altus ad apicem folio uno inflorescentia unaque, raro folium deest; folium pedunculare foliis primariis simile petiolo ad medium usque vaginante parce piloso, apicem versus pubescente. Inflorescentia laxe paniculata e spicis spiculisque constans, in axillam vaginae folii pedunculati, pedunculo ad 15 cm longo, bractea basi vaginante lineari-lanceolata puberula ad 10 cm longa; panicula puberula, 2—10-ramosa usque ad 15 cm longa et 10 cm lata; spicae 2—10, longitudine variantes, 3—8 cm longae usque ad 4 cm distantes e axillis bractearum principaliarum spiratim dispositae in rachibus principalibus; bracteae principaliae ovati-lanceolatae ± 2 cm longae, ± 1 cm latae, extus puberulae margine hirtae, cito ad medium usque, tandem basem versus in fibras multas secedentes; spiculae multae e axillis bractearum primariarum subspiraliter in spicis dispositae, usque ad 2 cm longae; bracteae primariac ovatae obtusae mucronatae ± 1.5 cm longae, ± 1 cm latae, extus puberulae margine hirtae bracteis principalibus similes. Flores albi in cymis parorum 1—3 vel plurorum; omnis par e axilla prophylli, flos unus paris omnis primo aperiens, ceterus invicem; prophyllum externum magnum dorsaliter 2-carinatum ovato-lanceolatum margine incurvum ± 14 mm longum et ± 5 mm latum, alis carinarum fimbriatis; prophylla interiora dorsaliter 3-carinata parva; pedicelli omnis paris basi connati ± 1 mm longi. Calycis lobi usque ad basim discreti, lineari-lanceolati extra hirti,± 1.2 cm longi, ± 2 mm lati. Corolla basi tubularis, tubo ± 7 mm longo lobis oblongis ovatis erectis obtusis ± 8 mm longis. Staminodia 4 in tubum connata tubum corollae adnata; lobi staminodiorum extemorum subaequales; lobus magnus obovatus obtusus marginibus recurvatis, ± 1 cm longus, ± 8 mm latus; lobus parvus subspathulatus recurvatus, ± 7 mm longus, ± 3 mm latus; staminodium interioris carnosum cucullatum, lobo laterali apicem styli includenti, ± 6 mm longum et ± 3 mm latum; staminodium interiorissimum cucullatum, staminodium extimum magnum omnino adnatum apicem stigmatis includens, infra stigma callo carnoso puberulo instructum, lobo ad laterem stigmatis auriculato. Stamen fertile 1-cellulare appendice subulata ± 1 mm longa uno latere instructum; filamenti segmentum librum ± 3 mm longum; anthera oblonga apiculata lutea ± 2 mm longa. Ovarium ±2 mm longum dense aureo villosum; stylus tubum staminalem adnatus ± 1 cm longus segmento libro cucullato ± 4 mm longo; stigma truncata irregulariter lobata. Fructus 3-lobatus sparsim breviter hirtus rubiginosus ± 9 mm longus, ± 7 mm latus; semina 3 oblonga subtrigona lurida ± 7 mm longa et ± 4 mm diametro arillis 2 lobatis albis lobis lineari-acuminatis ± 3 mm longis. Erect caespitose herbs, 1.5—2.0 m tall; rhizomes suberect, 1—2 cm thick. Leaves many, spirally crowded at apex of rhizome; petiole sheathing at base, up to 1 m long, sparsely pubescent; leaf-blade elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acute to cuneate at base, shortly acuminate at apex, 18—35 cm long, 8—15 cm wide, glabrous, whitish green beneath; lateral nerves many, parallel, with many fine scalariform transversely reticulate nervules in between; midrib thickened towards base, gradually narrowed and indistinct from lateral nerves towards apex. Main peduncle terminal, up to 1.5 m tall, bearing one leaf and inflorescence at apex, rarely without leaf; peduncular leaf similar to primary leaves; petiole up to 15 cm long, sheathing at basal half, scattered hairy, pubescent towards apex. Inflorescence Inflorescence a lax panicle of spikes and spikelets, arising from axil of peduncular leafsheath with up to 15 cm long stalk, subtended by up to 10 cm long, linear-lanceolate, sheathing, puberulous bract at base; panicle up to 15 cm long, up to 10 cm wide, 2—10- branched, puberulous; spikes 2—10, of various length, 3—8 cm long, arranged at distances of up to 4 cm apart in axils of spirally arranged bracts on main rachis; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ± 2 cm long, ± 1 cm wide, puberulous outside, hairy at margins, soon splitting up in upper half into many fibres, later up to base; spikelets many, subspirally arranged on spikes in axils of primary bracts, up to 2 cm long; primary bracts ovate, obtuse, mucronate, ± 1.5 cm long, ± 1 cm wide, puberulous outside and along margins, similar to main bracts. Flowers white, in cymes of 1—3 or more pairs; each cymule (pair of flowers) in axil of a prophyll, one flower in each pair opening first, the other next; outer prophyll large, 2-keeled at back, ovate-lanceolate, ±14 mm long, ± 5 mm wide, incurved at margins, minutely fringed on wings of keels; inner prophylls 3-keeled at back, smaller; pedicels of each pair of flowers united at base, ± 1 mm long. Calyx-lobes free up to base, linear-lanceolate, ± 1.2 cm long, ± 2 mm wide, hairy outside. Corolla-tube ± 7 mm long; lobes oblong, ovate, obtuse, ± 8 mm long, erect. Staminodes 4. united into a tube and adnate to the corolla-tube; lobes of outer staminodes subequal; larger lobe obovate, obtuse, with recurved margins, ± 1 cm long, ± 8 mm wide; smaller lobe subspathulate, recurved, ± 7 mm long, ± 3 mm wide; fleshy inner staminode hood-shaped with a lateral lobe enclosing style apex, ± 6 mm long, ± 3 mm wide; innermost staminode hooded, entirely adnate to outer large staminode, enclosing lip of stigma, with a fleshy puberulous callus below stigma and an auricular lobe at side of stigma. Fertile stamen 1-celled, with a thin, subulate, ± 1 mm long appendage on one side; free portion of filament ± 3 mm long; anther ± 2 mm long, oblong, apiculate, yellow. Ovary ± 2 mm long, densely golden hairy outside; style adnate to staminodial tube, ± 1 cm long; free portion curved, hooded, ± 4 mm long; stigma irregularly lobed, truncate. Fruit 3-lobed, ± 9 mm long, ± 7 mm wide, sparsely short hairy, reddish-brown; seeds 3, oblong, subtrigonous, ± 7 mm long, ± 4 mm thick, dull brown; arils 2, lobed, white; lobes linear-acuminate, ± 3 mm long.

Description: The genus Canavalia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is briefly introduced. Comments on several species are given. A key to the Malesian species is presented.

Description: The Star Mountains of New Guinea are situated at the geographic center of the Island of New Guinea extending on both sides of the Indonesian-Papua New Guinea border. Access to these mountains from either side of the border which divides the island is relatively difficult and as a result few collections have come from the area. A Dutch expedition traveled to the western Star Mountains in 1959, but ran into various difficulties and as a result did little collecting above 1500 m. In 1975 an expedition sponsored jointly by the Division of Botany, Lae, and the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, returned to the Star Mountains collecting extensively throughout the eastern half of the range. The results of this expedition include the first extensive collections of material from the higher altitudes within the Star Mountains. Material collected for the Division of Botany, Lae, by J. R. Croft and G. S. Hope while on the 1975 expedition is surprisingly rich in species of Rhododendron. I was asked by Mr. Croft to examine the Lae material prior to its distribution. The collections contain representatives of several poorly known species of the genus, at least one new plant record for Papua New Guinea, Rhododendron rubrobracteatum Sleumer, and the new taxon described below.

Description: Tristania R. Brown, Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis (2nd Ed.) 4 (1812) 417, was established with three species — T. neriifolia, T. laurina, and T. conferta. A number of other species have since been added to the genus and a recent study (Wilson, 1971) has shown that the three original species belong to three different groups and further that these groups are sufficiently different to warrant their separation at the generic level. All of the New Caledonian species belong to the Tristania laurina group. It has not yet been decided which of the groups should retain the original generic name, but if the T. laurina group is not selected the name Tristaniopsis Brongniart et Gris, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 10 (1863) 371, would become available for it. Six species are currently recognised in New Caledonia where they mostly grow at low elevations in scrub and forest on ultrabasic rocks. Species of the same group are found in Australia, New Guinea, Borneo, and probably elsewhere in Malesia.

Description: The pollen morphology of all 11 species of the genus Mischocarpus is studied. All species possess basically the same syntricolpate pollen type. Transitions to the tricolpate type were observed rarely. Within the syntricolpate type, subtypes could be established. For a few species a rather wide range of variability in some characters is described. Pollen morphology correlates with macromorphology as well as with geography, thus supporting the results, based on macromorphological evidence, concerning infrageneric structure and relationships of Mischocarpus.

Description: At the age of 85, Herman Johannes Lam died at his house on the 15th of February, 1977. From 1933 to 1962 he was director of the Rijksherbarium and although the day of his retirement lies some 15 years behind us now, he is still remembered in our institute for his pleasant personal qualities. The Rijksherbarium as it is today we owe for a large part to his vision and work during the 29 years of his directorate. He broadened the basis of the institute’s research but kept intact its specialization; he succeeded in obtaining valuable collections; he started a programme of botanical expeditions; he provided a home for the Flora Malesiana, to mention some of his accomplishments. When he came to Leiden after a 14 years’ career in the Herbarium at Buitenzorg (now Bogor, Indonesia) he found a small and rather sleepy institute. Through the years of poverty before and during the war, and through the years of prosperity afterwards, he transformed this into a large herbarium which was (and still is, I hope) very much alive and active in many fields.

Description: In this fourth report on the taxonomy of Ulothrix Kützing a new classification of the marine and brackish-water species in western Europe is proposed. Comparative studies on field collections, uni-algal cultures, herbarium collections and sections prepared for electron microscopy lead to the recognition of three marine species, viz. Ulothrix speciosa (Carmichael ex Harvey in Hooker) Kützing, U. flacca (Dillwyn) Thuret in Le Jolis, and U. palusalsa Lokhorst (nov. nom.), and two brackish-water species, viz. U. implexa (Kützing) Kützing and U. subflaccida Wille. The vegetative anatomy, the life history, the fine structure of the vegetative thallus and the distributional pattern in nature are amply discussed. Salient, reliable characters proved to be, e.g., the nature and construction of the cell wall, the texture of the cell wall’s surface, the fine structure of the pyrenoid, the developmental stages of germinating zoospores, the coalescense of filaments, the shape of the gametangial filament, and the limited variation of the number of zoospores and gametes. A brief discussion is given of the ecological status of the individual species. In addition there is a brief comment on the taxonomic affinity of Ulothrix with the morphologically related genus Urospora Fries and on the phyletic relationship of Ulothrix with the progenitors of the higher land plants. The reproductive behaviour of the species under different photo periods in culture appeared to be correlated with the seasonal periodicity expressed by the algae in nature.

Description: There has been a notable divergence of opinion in the recent literature concerning the number of species of dammar (Agathis) that might occur in the general area of the Moluccas. Even early literature presents a tangled nomenclatural trail. Perhaps the difficulty in obtaining good representative collections from these huge rainforest emergents may explain the general lack of careful diagnostic descriptions that bedevils most contributions. Among the hundreds of specimens I have been able to study, however, I have found enough data to support a clear conclusion. The important dammar tree was among those described in the early work by Rumphius (1741) that dealt with Ambon. Meijer Drees (1940) reports that natives in the Moluccas recognize two types of dammar, the ‘white dammar’ damar putih) with abundant resin production and the ‘brown dammar’ damar merah) with poor resin production (the ‘white’ or clear resin does turn brown upon aging about a year). Presumably, Rumphius, who spoke of abundant resin, had in mind the ‘white dammar’ when he referred to this tree as Dammara alba.

Description: The genus Carruthersia is revised. Three species are recognised. The species are described and a key is presented.

Description: A world-wide revision of the tribe Naucleeae with a general discussion of the systematic position and affinities of the tribe and the genera. The generic concepts have been modified and 21 genera are recognized (Ochreinauclea, Ludekia, Diyaminauclea, Khasiaclunea, Adinauclea, Sinoadina, Pertusadina, and Haldina being new), which are placed in three subtribes, Anthocephalinae, Naucleinae, and Adininae, sublrib. now There are keys to the subtribes, genera, and species, followed by descriptions of the Asiatic and Malesian genera. The Asiatic species are described and accompanied by complete synonymy, but the Malesian species are treated in an abbreviated form. Three new species are described: Myrmeconauclea stipulacea, Ludekia borneensis, and Pertusadina malaccensis.

Description: The species related to Medinilla myrtiformis (Naud.) Triana are described and a key is given. A variety of M. monantha Merr. is recognized as a distinct species, while the typical form is considered a synonym of M. myrtiformis. M. neglecta Nayar is reduced to M. rubrifructus Ohwi.

Description: The book begins (Part 1) with a short account of the life of Richard Eric Holttum by W.T. Stearn, followed by a chapter by M.G. Price “Holttum and ferns”. Part 2, “Floras, Biodiversity and Conservation”, with 22 contributions, deals with subjects as diverse as “Mapping the world’s Pteridophyte biodiversity” to “Diversity; status and ecology of pteridophytes in Mindanao, Philippines”, “Distribution of pteridophyte diversity and endemism in Peru”, and “Collecting live ferns for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Ferns of all continents and many countries are treated here.

Description: The type species of tie genus Polyscias (P. pinnata J. R. & G. Forst.) is closely related to a small number of Pacific and Indo-Malayan species, several of which have long been in cultivation. This group of species have a distinctive facies but can be defined most readily by the elongated sheathing leaf-base. The genus has usually been extended beyond this group to include other pinnate-leaved members of sub-family Schefflereae in which the pedicel is articulated below the flower. There has been uncertainty whether to restrict the genus to species in which the style arms are free or also to include species with connate styles. In his treatment of the New Guinea species, Harms (Bot. Jahrb. 56,1920: 374—414) does include some species with connate styles within Polyscias though also retaining the genus Kissodendron, a genus distinguished from Polyscias mainly by the united style arms. Bernardi (Candollea 26, 1971: 13—89) resolved this difficulty by uniting Kissodendron, and also Palmervandenbroekia, with Polyscias and this treatment is followed here. As thus defined, the genus comprises rather diverse elements, and these have been given sectional status.

Description: A skeletal world revision of the genus is presented to accompany a family account for Flora Malesiana. 82 species are recognised, of which 74 occur in the Malesiana region. Six species are described as new, one species is raised from infraspecific status, and five species are restored from synonymy. Many names are typified for the first time. Three widespread, or locally abundant hybrids are also included. Full descriptions are given for new (6) or recircumscribed (7) species, and emended descriptions of species are given where necessary (9). Critical notes are given for all the species. Little known and excluded species are discussed. An index to all published species names and an index of exsiccatae is given.

Description: As compared with the treatment in the Flora of Java (Backer in Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1963) with 8 species, a recent review of the genus Trichosanthes in Java resulted in the acceptance of 10 species for this island. Important changes are: the name T. trifolia has to be replaced by a later species name, T. wawrae Cogn.; T. anguina is a variety of T. cucumerina [T. cucumerina L. var. anguina (L.) Haines]; the name T. bracteata as used in the Flora of Java appeared to represent three other different species: T. tricuspidata Lour., T. quinquangulata A. Gray, and T. pubera Blume; and T. sumatrana Cogn., never recorded before, appeared to occur in Java.

Description: Being engaged during several years with a revision of the grasses preserved in the Rijks-Herbarium at the University of Leyden, my attention was called to the group of the Stipeae, and especially to the very difficult genus of Aristida. After an exhaustive study of the literature, I thought it desirable to have a monograph of this genus, containing extensive keys for the determination of all the species hitherto known, and I resolved to prepare such a work. It has been my good fortune that I had at my disposal not only the valuable collections of the Rijks-Herbarium, but that by the courtesy of the directors of the great herbaria in Europe and in America, I could study many thousands of specimens, among them authentic specimens and types. So several years elapsed before the revision was finished. Before I am going to publish my work, it seemed desirable to prepare a preliminary paper on the subject, dealing with the literature studied and the results of the critical examination of the types, moreover the new species found in herbaria are included in this paper. To find easily the original description and the type specimen, I give in alphabetical order all the species and varieties hitherto described, no matter if they are accepted in my monograph as valid or not.

Description: This paper is a taxonomic revision of the genus Bromheadia. In Bromheadia sect. Bromheadia seven species and two varieties are recognized. One species, B. pendek, and one variety, B. borneensis var. longiflora, are described as new. Bromheadia philippinensis Ames & Quisumb. is here reduced to synonymy. Bromheadia sect. Aporodes has 19 species; 12 species (B. cecieliae, B. coomansii, B. devogelii, B. gracilis, B. graminea, B. grandiflora, B. humilis, B. latifolia, B. lohaniensis, B. longifolia, B. robusta, and B. srilankensis) are here newly described. Keys to the species are provided, together with a description of each species. Information on colours, distribution, habitat and ecology, general notes, and illustrations are given for each species where available.

Description: Section Appendiculopsis of the orchid genus Agrostophyllum is revised. Six taxa are recognized: Agrostophyllum elongatum, A. laterale, A. stipulatum subsp. stipulation and subsp. bicuspidatum, A. sumatranum and 1 A. trifidum. The status of a seventh taxon, A. ley tense, is uncertain. No new species are described here. Agrostophyllum celebicum Schltr. is reduced to A. stipulatum subsp. stipulatum, Poaephyllum hansenii J.J. Wood is reduced to A. laterale. The latter appears to be a strict rheophyte. All species are described and illustrated, and their phylogeny and ecology are discussed. The infrageneric classification and the systematic position of Agrostophyllum are reviewed.

Description: A list of the species and subspecies, including synonyms, of the tipulid subfamily Ctenophorinae is provided. References to the literature are nearly complete. The distribution of the species is indicated by abbreviations and figures referring to the geographic regions and subregions. A survey of the distribution of the 5 genera is given separately.

Description: Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (12°12’N, 68°77’W) is an island in the Caribbean sea, situated about 50 km east of Curacao and 80 km north of the South American continent (Venezuela). Its 288 2 km of land hold about 14,000 inhabitants. Bonaire has a strongly growing population, which is mostly due to immigrants settling on the island. The surrounding waters hold much tropical sea life, which attracks a lot of dive tourism. The present reefs and sea grass beds provide a suitable habitat for juvenile green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles. Seasonal nesting on Bonaire’s beaches is accounted for mostly by the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the hawksbill turtle. Leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea) are only rarely encountered. The Sea Turtle Club Bonaire (STCB) is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation, it’s main goal being the conservation of sea turtles around the island of Bonaire. The strong decline in the presence of sea turtles the past few decades is a result of the developing tourist industry, leading to a loss of potential nesting grounds. On the other hand the illegal capture and poaching of nests. Since the amendment of the Marine Environment Ordinance (A.B. 1984, no. 21) in 1991, which prohibits any handling or possession of turtles or turtle products, turtle fishing has dropped, but still continues on a small scale. As in 1995, in 1996 the STCB appointed two graduate biology students as project assistants for The Sea Turtle Club 1996 Project. Research took place from June to December in cooperation with the University of Amsterdam. Housing and research facilities were all arranged by the STCB with the help of many sponsoring organisations. During the first month the project assistants were introduced to the Bonairian community by the former year’s project assistant. During the first two months a dramatic increase in the amount of crawls was obvious. Over the nesting season, the number of crawls found (116) almost tripled compared to the number found in former years (40 in ’93 and 44 in ’95). Much time was spent on the tracking and identifying of individual nesting turtles, in order to confirm the hypothesis about a returning nesting population (cohorts) on Bonaire. Six different nesting turtles were photoidentified in the course of the project. A new nesting ground was discovered on a hotel property beach (Harbour Village Resort), which was surprising, because of its artificial character and high human impact. The cycle of a nest being made and it’s subsequent hatching was filmed on location (probably for the first time on Bonaire). The most important nesting ground remains Klein Bonaire, especially for the hawksbill turtle. A total of 16 nests were excavated and determined for their hatching success. The STCB 1996 Project had a number of objectives concerning the public awareness of sea turtles in specific and nature conservation in general. The campaign was targeting both the local and the tourist community. Various folders were distributed, posters were sold, information about sea turtle conservation was placed in the museum of the national park, and weekly slide shows were given. Also, regular press updates, radio and television interviews were published. More generally associated activities were the participation in the organisation of a “World Cleanup Day” and the coaching of “Turtuganan di Bonairu”, an educational snorkel program for local children. On the initiative of the Foundation for the Preservation of Klein Bonaire, a promotional video on the different aspects that make this uninhabited islet so special has been produced. A separate part about the sea turtles was included, in which the disastrous consequences of the possible future developments are evaluated. The video will be broadcasted in various countries For both research and conservation reasons, the diving community was confronted again with the sighting network which worked extremely well. A total of 889 turtle sightings were reported in 1996. Furthermore, the project assistants engaged in a lot of side-activities such as dealing with stranded turtles, gathering information on illegal fishing and meetings with other NGO’s. In October, a three day long international platform meeting on conservation areas was organised on Bonaire. The STCB was presented its recent sea turtle nesting figures, and the importance of Klein Bonaire as main nesting ground was emphasized. The many attending parties (Dutch and Antillian government representatives, WWF and other NGO’s, researchers and land owners) came some steps closer in the safeguarding of important nature areas on the Dutch Antilles and Aruba. In November, representatives of different NGO’s, including the STCB were able to discuss some recent problems with a delegation of chairmen of the main parties of the Dutch parliament. On this occasion, the threats that face the Lay Bay area were brought under the attention by the STCB. It is believed and hoped for that action on both the Klein Bonaire and Lac Bay issues will be undertaken.

Description: 1. Samples of benthic invertebrate fauna were collected in – a ditch, situated in a protected area in the peaty area near the Maarsseveense plassen (prov. Utrecht), – four ditches in the neighbourhood of Castricum (N-Holland), not far from the dune district, – two ditches with water of a high chloride-content on Texel (N- Holland). 2. The faunistic results, with the additional information of some physical and chemical data on the different sampling points, made it possible to draw some conclusions concerning – the importance of the factor salinity for a faunistically oriented typology of ditches, – the importance of the group Hydracarina for a classification of ditch-biocenoses, – the influence of artificial current, caused by the inlet of water, on the invertebrate fauna of ditches and on the faunistical evaluation of the pollution-level in ditches.

Description: In 1987 a major biospeleogical expedition, ‘Speleo Nederland’, was carried out along the coastal Taurus mountains in southwest Anatolia (Turkey). ‘Speleo Nederland’ was focused on collecting the fauna of caves, wells, subterranean waterflows, and the interstices of marine gravel beaches. The special yield of stygobiont crustaceans, predominantly amphipods of the genus Bogidiella, promised to serve as an interesting case study to the colonization of inland groundwater by marine organisms. Now, in July 1996, a second sampling program occurred along the southern Turkish coast between Antalya and Alanya.

Description: This article contains a taxonomic revision of four orchid genera of the subtribe Collabiinae: Chrysoglossum (4 species), Collabium (11 species), Diglyphosa (2 species), and Pilophyllum (1 species). Three species are described as new: Chrysoglossum ensigerum, Collabium acuticalcar and Collabium carinatum. Chrysoglossum halbergii, Ch. maculatum, Ch. gibbsiae, and Ch. cyrtopetalum are reduced to Chrysoglossum ornatum. Diglyphosa macrophyllum, D. celebica and D. elmeri are reduced to Diglyphosa latifolia. Keys to the genera and species are given. Synonymy, descriptions, colour notes, distribution, habitat notes, and detailed illustrations are given for the genera and species.

Description: An annotated list of the brachyuran (12) and anomuran (1) tree-climbing crabs of Trinidad (West Indies) is presented (see Table 1 for species names). Some of the species mentioned (e.g. Aratus pisonii, Goniopsis cruentata) are well-known treeclimbers, in others (e.g. Sesarma roberti, S. ricordi) this peculiar behaviour is recorded for the first time. Some data on the diet and the locomotion of climbing Grapsidae are given. Aratus was found to feed mainly on algae and decayed wood, not on mangrove leaves. A synopsis of pertinent data from literature (Table 2) yielded 30 further species names of tree-climbing crabs. Like in Trinidad, most of these belong to systematic groups comprising many or only semiterrestrial species. The trees ascended are mangroves in about half of all cases. Motives, grades, phyletic routes, predispositions and consequences of the habit of tree-climbing are discussed.

Description: The study of some newly collected material from the West Indies may justify a fourth paper on Caribbean Tenebrionidae in these “Studies”. Thanks to dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK’S collecting work, the Tenebrionid fauna of the Antilles and the adjacent South American mainland shores may be considered to be pretty well known — at least as far as the Melasomes are concerned. Thus zoogeographical conclusions — though not differing essentially from those published in 1962 — appear to have a rather solid basis. Unfortunately much less is known about planticolous Tenebrionids, which anyhow are relatively less interesting for zoogeographical purposes, than the geophilous ones. We also had the privilege of consulting the collections of the I.N.R.A. at Guadeloupe (see MARCUZZI & D’AGUILAR 1971) which considerably increased our knowledge of the Tenebrionid fauna of that and neighbouring islands. Several specimens on hand at the Institute of Marine Biology, Mayagüez, proved extremely useful for obtaining a better knowledge of the Tenebrionid fauna of the old, sedimentary island of Puerto Rico. In a few single cases material from other sources (British Museum, Museum G. Frey and the private collection of the author) has been used.

Description: Some twenty-five years have passed since short descriptions were published of marine and saltpond habitats sampled in the Caribbean during three zoological collecting trips made by the author in 1930, 1936/37 and 1948/49 (these Studies, vol. 4, no. 17, 1953). Sampling of the shallow coastal waters of the Caribbean was continued in 1955, 1963/64, 1967, 1968, 1970 and 1973, during six visits the main purpose of which was not always the study of the marine fauna. Although collecting was done single-handed and rather incidentally, with no other equipment than a knife, fine-meshed nets, formaldehyde and alcohol, the material collected proved to be sufficiently valuable for scientific purposes to justify the publication of a list of the new marine localities. In this paper the descriptions of the “Marine Habitats”, published in 1953 (p. 56-58) are included, but those of the “Salt Pond Habitats” (p. 69-77) are only referred to.

Description: In der obersenonen Mastrichter Tuffkreide finden sich kleine Zähne, die durch ihre glatten Kauflächen und die Furchen an den Seiten des oberen Teiles an Kauplatten von Myliobatis erinneren, einen Rochentypus, der ein an durophage Lebensweise angepasstes Gebiss hat. Niemals findet man aber die für diese Familie so typische langgestreckte Form der Zahnplatten; die Zahnoberfläche hat immer rhombische Form. Dames hat eine ausführliche Beschreibung von diesen Zähnen gegeben, die er für Reste eines Cestracion-artigen Namen Rhombodus Binkhorsti Haies hielt, dem er den gab. Ich möchte hier nur noch einige kurze Bemerkungen hinzufügen. Die Abbildungen (fig. 1) zeigen den typischen rhombenförmigen Umriss der Kaufläche (d). Die durch eine in der Richtung der kurzen Diagonale verlaufende, tiefe Rinne in zwei Hälften geteilte Wurzel hat ebenfalls die Gestalt eines Rhombus (fig. 1, b, e). An der Grenze von Krone und Wurzel findet sich an der einen Seite eine Rinne, an der anderen Seite eine vorspringende Leiste (fig. 1 c). Zusammen mit den verticalen Furchen, mit denen die Seiten versehen sind, hat diese Leiste zur Verbindung der Zähne untereinander zu einem Mahlpflaster gedient. Neben dieser regelmässigen Form, die besonders den grösseren Zähnen eigen ist, fanden sich aber Exemplare, die eine Abweichung zeigen, indem nämlich entweder zwei Seiten eines spitzen Winkels des Rhomboïds länger sind wie die beiden anderen, oder das Rhomboïd unsymmetrisch zusammengepresst ist. Es scheint mir, dass dies nicht eine zufällige Variation ist, sondern dass wir gerade durch diese Eigentümlichkeit etwas mehr über die ganze Zusammenstellung des Gebisses erfahren können. Wie ich unten noch näher auseinandersetzen werden, muss man nämlich Rhombodus zu den durophagen Stachelrochen stellen. Bei diesen findet man sehr oft gerade die grössten Zähne in der Mitte des Kiefers. Wenn man nun die Zahl der Zahnreihen, wie es gewöhnlich bei den grosszähnigen Rochen der Fall ist Rhombodus-Unterkiefers zu 7 bis 9 annimmt, so könnte man das Gebiss eines auf eine Weise rekonstruieren, wie es fig. 3 A zeigt, (wobei die verschiedenen obengenannten Formen vorkommen). Es wäre wohl ein grosser Zufall wenn man noch einige Zähne im ursprünglichen Verband finden würde. Wenn einmal die knorpeligen Kiefer aufgelöst sind, bieten die Seitenfurchen nicht genug Festigkeit und fallen die einzelnen Zähne auseinander.

Description: During a study still in progress on the fauna of phreatic waters of various West Indian islands, a number of isopods of the family Microparasellidae were obtained. Although material from some 20 Caribbean islands was examined, only the island of Bonaire yielded microparasellid isopods so far. These animals are described in the present paper. Up to now, the only other West Indian records for the family are those of COINEAU & BOTOSANEANU, 1973, from Cuba. The methods employed are the same as in my previous study (STOCK, 1976a) on the Antillean Thermosbaenacea. All chlorinities have been determined with the aid of an E.E.L. electric chlorinimeter.

Description: In 1973, 1974 and 1975 I visited St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles. During these visits I spent much time observing birds on this island, while short excursions were also made to the neighbouring islands Saba and St. Eustatius. The periods of our visits were: ST. MARTIN: 7-19 April, 30 April-3 May and 11-19 May 1973, 1-7 and 16-27 February, 2-11 and 18-31 December 1974, 6-13 January 1975. SABA: 4-8 May 1973. ST. EUSTATIUS: 8-10 May 1973, 8-15 February and 12-17 December 1974.

Description: Since publication of “The Amphibia of Trinidad” (KENNY 1969) some minor errors have been drawn to the attention of the author. Also, it has been possible to do some additional field observations which have resulted in a new record for Trinidad and the extension of the distribution of two species. This short paper summarises this new information.

Description: Da die Originale der von Göppert aus dem Tertiär von Java beschriebenen Arten Piperites Hasskarlianus und Junghuhnites javanicus nicht mehr vorhanden sind, die vorliegenden Beschreibungen für eine Bestimmung aber nicht ausreichen, so sind sie aus der fossilen Flora Javas zu streichen. Das gilt auch von Miquelites elegans, dessen schlechte Erhaltung eine sichere Bestimmung unmöglich macht. Bredaea moroides dagegen ist ebenso wie Naucleoxylon spectabile Crié sowie ein bisher unbeschriebenes Kieselholz von Java eine Dipterocarpacee. Die Stücke werden beschrieben als Dipterocarpoxylon moroides, D. spectabile und D. Göpperti n. sp. Die Frage, ob es möglich ist, diese wie andere fossile Dipterocarpoxyla bestimmten rezenten Dipterocarpaceengattungen zuzuweisen, soll später erörtert werden. Frankfurt a/M. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität.

Description: Rosacea flaccida, a new prayine siphonophore, is described from specimens collected by SCUBA divers in the upper 30m of the subtropical and temperate North Atlantic Ocean. The new species has stoutly cylindrical, flaccid nectophores and delicate flattened bracts. The nectophores are morphologically similar to those of R. plicata sensu Bigelow, 1911 and R. cymbiformis (delle Chiaje, 1822) having a deep hydroecial groove and meandering lateral radial canals in the nectosac. In one of the nectophores there is a slight dorsal prolongation of the somatocyst at its apical end into the mesoglea. The eudoxid bracts are distinctive, being flattened dorsoventrally and divided, on the proximal side of the stem, into two lobes which are twisted at an angle of approximately 90° to the lobe on the distal side. Right and left longitudinal bracteal canals are well developed. The origin of the dorsal bracteal canal from the right longitudinal canal differs from that in the other Rosacea species but resembles the configuration found in the bracts of species of the genus Praya.

Description: Marosichthys huismani (de Beaufort, 1926), a fish from the Miocene of the Celebes, was described in the tripod fish family Triacanthidae, Tetraodontiformes. It is shown here to be a valid genus of the surgeon fish family Acanthuridae, Perciformes, and closely related to the Recent genus Naso. Marosichthys is unique among all acanthurids in having the ventral shafts of the first two basal pterygiophores of the spiny dorsal fin in the preneural space (versus only one in front of the first neural spine) and no vacant interneural spaces (versus the third space vacant).