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  • Springer  (93,339)
  • 1980-1984  (89,406)
  • 1925-1929  (3,933)
  • 1983  (44,784)
  • 1982  (44,622)
  • 1925  (3,933)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equivalence result for integral equations with application to branching processes (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 1-15 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A theorem is proved, concerning expected values of a multitype branching process in a varying environment. The consequence of the theorem is that the branching process can be treated (in the sense of expected values) as a dynamical system with control terms. This is of importance in situations where the process serves as an abstract model of the dynamics of malignant cells for use in chemotherapy. A simple example of this kind is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459415
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  • 2
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    General solution for flow and stress phenomena in elastic vessles (Navier-Stokes) (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 29-42 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A method is developed for a full nonlinear evaluation of all velocities and stresses represented in the Navier-Stokes equations and in the general stress tensor. The information required is essentially that for solution of linearized forms. The solution is analytical except for the calculation of the axial velocity, which requires computer assistance to step through time and space. The treatment of the problem, although directed towards solutions involving fluid flow in elastic vessels, is also adaptable to solid deformations (strain vs rate of strain) where the general stress tensor applies. A special case for the distorting ellipse is presented as well as a limited, spatially analytic, solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459417
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  • 3
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    Spatially localized interactive neural populations—II: Stability and dynamics of excitatory sets (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 43-56 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The stability characteristics and dynamical behavior of a system of mutually excitatory neurons in close spatial proximity are investigated with a mathematical model. The model predicts the existence of uniform, intermediate levels of activity other than those of no activity and maximal activity. The model also, yeilds a good explanation of data obtained from periglomerular neurons in the olfactory bulb of the cat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459418
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  • 4
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    Stochastic compartmental models with banching and immigrant particles (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 75-86 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A multicompartmental model in which particles enter the system from the environment and reproduce according to a Markov branching process has been considered. Explicit expressions have been obtained for the mean vector and the correlation structure for the numbers of particles in different compartments in different time points of the system. Growth rates of the mean vector and some special cases of the system are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459420
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  • 5
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    Mode analysis of physiological oscillators intercoupled via pure time delays (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 57-74 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The study of bi-directionally coupled oscillators is relevant in biological modelling of such systems as gastro-intestinal electrical activity, cardiac pacemarkers, cardiovascular and respiratory interactions and circadian rhythms. Interconnecting pathways in biological systems often exhibit pure time-delay characteristics. In this paper the multiple-mode limit-cycle behaviour of such systems is analysed using the method of harmonic blance. It is shown that the coupling time delay radically affects the number, frequency and amplitudes of entrained limit-cycles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459419
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  • 6
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    Bifurcation, stability diagrams, and varying diffusion coefficients in reaction-diffusion equations (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 87-102 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of keeping all the parameters constant, except the diffusion coefficients, in a pair of reaction-diffusion equations is studied. It is shown that the stability of the constant solution and the bifurcation points can be easily established by constructing a simple stability diagram. The possible qualitatively different diagrams are enumerated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459421
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  • 7
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    Random ecological systems with structure: Stability-complexity relationship (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 103-117 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We have numerically examined more than one million Large Complex Systems (LCS) of interacting variables (interpretable as interacting populations) governed by Generalized Lotka-Volterra Equations (GLV), with self-regulation term. The scope was to have some insight on the stability-complexity relationship. We considered systems of prey-predator type, and we gave appropriate rules for constructing the model systems, rules that specify the behaviour of model systems in order to put them near the biological reality. The results show, among other things, a strict correlation between the stability and the prey-predator ratio (which, in our model, uniquely determines the connectedness of the system).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459422
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  • 8
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    Remark on the article, “Applied catastrophe theory in the social and biological sciences” by M. A. B. Deakin (1980) (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 149-150 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459425
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  • 9
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    Transient effects on the initial rate of oxygenation of red blood cells (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 119-134 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The rate-controlling process in the oxygenation of red blood cells is investigated using a Roughton-like model for oxygen diffusion and reaction with hemoglobin. The mathematical equations describing the model are solved using two independent techniques, numerical inversions of the Laplace transform of the equations and numerical solutions via an implicit-explicit finite difference form of the equations. The model is used to re-examine previous theoretical models that incorporate either a red cell membrane that is resistive to oxygen diffusion or an unstirred layer of water surrounding the cell. Although both models have been postulated to be equivalent, the results of the computer simulations demonstrate significant differences between the two models in the rate of oxygenation of the red cells, depending upon the values chosen for the diffusion coefficient for O2 in the membrane and the thickness of the water layer. The difference is apparently due to differences in the induction and transient periods of the water layer model relative to the membrane model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459423
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  • 10
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    Energy and biological evolution—II. The mathematical structure of equilibrium states (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 537-547 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We examine certain mathematical structures presented in Part I. The most important of these are the energy structures determined by the couple (ω×E, ψ) the space of causality defined by ψ-1(0) and the notion of collapsibility, i.e., the descent of a species from a higher to a lower equilibrium configuration as a result of energy loss.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459407
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  • 11
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    A stochstic model for a two-compartment reversible system (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 557-570 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses a general stochastic model for a two-compartment reversible system with non-homogeneous Poisson inputs, arbitrary residence times at each of the compartments and time-dependent transition probabilities. The probability distributions of the number of particles in each compartment and in the system are obtained together with the number of particles which depart from the system. In addition, various covariance functions with a time lag are obtained. Some of the above obtained results are deduced for time-independent arrivals, exponential residence times and time-independent transition probabilities. Fluctuations of the particles present in the system are also analysed. Similar analysis is provided for the model into which some particles are initially introduced at the system. Some possible applications are discussed at the end.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459409
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  • 12
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    Effects of dispersion on stability of multispecies prey-predator systems (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 571-578 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The general multispecies prey-predator system with Gompertz's antisymmetric interactions is nonlinearly stable in the absence of dispersion and continues to remain stable with dispersion under both homogeneous reservoir and zero flux boundary conditions in a region containing the equilibrium state. It is proved that a general multispecies food-web model without antisymmetric interactions is stable in the absence of dispersion and remains stable with dispersion in the above-mentioned region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459410
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  • 13
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    Repeatability of experiments (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 593-593 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459413
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  • 14
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    Graph theoretical criteria for stability and boundedness of predator-prey systems (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 579-585 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a graphical approach in the study of the qualitative behavior ofm species predator-prey systems. We prove that tree graphs imply global stability for Volterra models and local stability for general models; furthermore, we derive sufficient conditions so that loop graphs imply stability and boundedness of the solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459411
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  • 15
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    A reply to “repeatability of experiments” by R. B. Campbell (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 594-595 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459414
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  • 16
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    An epizootic model of an insect-fungal pathogen system (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 731-739 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A system of integro-differential equations is derived to describe epizootics of a fungal pathogen in an insect population. Because of piecewise continuous behavior under some parametric conditions, it is concluded that standard phase orbits can be misleading. Using a different analytic approach yields a simple system of finite difference equations. Both the continuous and discrete versions are compared to classical forms. The continuous version differs from a classical one in possessing a second derivative dependent on population density. The discrete version differs in maintaining positive, non-zero populations of both infectives and susceptibles in finite time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462280
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  • 17
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    On feedback control of gonadotropin secretion (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 741-748 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This note is an attempt to demonstrate that hypothalamic pulsatile GnRH secretion is not the result of a short-term, negative steroid hormone feedback. Clarification of this point is of importance for further modelling the control of gonads.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462281
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  • 18
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    The development of largangians for biological models (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 749-760 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A modern theory of the calculus of variations is used to form necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Lagrangian representation of a system of first-order ordinary differential equations. There exists a theorem to the effect that when a system of ordinary differential equations is variationally self-adjoint, the fulfillment of such conditions is guaranteed. In addition, self-adjointness, allows establishement of an algorithm by which a Lagrangian for the system may be explicitly constructed. Examples in mathematical biology are given to illustrate the use of the stated theorem.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465178
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  • 19
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    An optimal control model of diabetes mellitus (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 793-808 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Engineering optimal control theory is applied to equations describing insulin and glucose interactions. The nature of the optimal controller is established. It is shown how the results can be utilized in a closed loop feedback control system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465181
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  • 20
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    Biological optimality: Comparison of generalized feasibility and optimality conditions for linear, error-minimizing systems (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 777-791 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An attempt is made to compare the conditions for the general error-optimality of linear systems developed by Kalman with the conditions for feasibility of linear models of neuromuscular and physiological control systems. Models of three actual physiological systems are tested for both the above criteria. Theoretical analysis presented here shows that there are no simple relationships between the two sets of conditions. Analysis carried out on the physiological systems models suggests the need for a general set of conditions for other optimality criteria, such as time and energy minimization, similar to Kalman's condition for error minimization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465180
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  • 21
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    The development of anoxia following occlusion (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 851-877 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Following arteriolar occlusion, tissue oxygen concentration decreases and anoxic tissue eventually develops. Although anoxia first appears in the region most distal to the capillary at the venous end, it eventually spreads throughout the entire region of supply. In this paper the changing oxygen concentration, from the time of occlusion until the tissue is entirely anoxic, is examined mathematically. The equations governing oxygen transport to tissue are solved by iterating a nonlinear integral equation. This solution is valid until anoxia first appears. After anoxia develops it is necessary to solve a moving boundary problem. This is done using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, and accurate solutions are obtained for a wide range of physiological conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465185
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  • 22
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    Announcements (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 899-900 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465188
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  • 23
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    On biomass diversity in ecology (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 287-293 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We postulate that the biomass distribution function for an ecological population may be derived from the condition that the biomas diversity functional is maximal subject to an energetic constraint on the total biomass. This leads to a biomass distribution of the form $$p(m) = \bar m^{ - 1} \exp ( - m/\bar m)$$ , where $$\bar m$$ is the mean biomass per individual. The same condition yields a unique value for the biomass diversity functional. These predictions are tested against fishery data and found to be in good agreement. It is argued that the existence of a unique value for biomass diversity may provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the observed upper limit to species diversity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462362
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  • 24
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    A model for hydranth regeneration inTubularia (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 311-321 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Pigment distribution presages hydranth regeneration in the marine hydroidTubularia. We suggest that such a distribution could result from a reaction-diffusion system. A model system based on a practical reaction scheme is studied and spatial structures found which closely resemble this pigment distribution. Finite-amplitude spatial structures in reaction-diffusion systems are considered. Whereas in one spatial dimension the final structures are normally very similar to the transient patterns which emerge from a linear analysis, it is shown that in more than one dimension this is not necessarily the case. The reasons for this are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459395
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  • 25
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    On the fate of inhaled particles in the human: A comparison of experimental data with theoretical computations based on a symmetric and asymmetric lung (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 409-424 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical model is used to described the behavior of inhaled particulate matter in the human respiratory tract. Three different geometries, symmetric and asymmetric, are utilized to simultate the tracheobronchial (TB) tree. The suitability of each geometry for representing the human is evaluated by comparing calculated aerosol deposition probabilities with experimental data from inhalation exposure tests. A symmetric, dichotomously branching pattern is found to be a reliable description of the TB tree for studies of factors affecting aerosol deposition in the human lung. Calculations with the theoretical model are in excellent agreement with measured aerosol deposition efficiencies. Furthermore, the model accurately predicts experimentally observed features of inhalation exposure data, such as effects of inter-subject lung morphology differences and relative efficiencies of specific deposition mechanisms, on aerosol deposition patterns in the TB tree.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459399
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  • 26
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    Reply to letter by Jane Cronin (1982) (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 436-436 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 27
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    Foreword (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 437-437 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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  • 28
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    Invariant probabilities for systems in a random environment—With applications to the Brusselator (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 579-590 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we are concerned with problems of the long-term behavior for nonlinear systems in random environment. The general model is assumed to be given by an ordinary differential equation with random parameters or random input. The disturbance process can be taken from a fairly general class of Markov processes having a bounded state space. In terms of the system’s dynamics we give sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of invariant probabilities. Finally, we apply these results to the two-dimensional biochemical model which is known as the Brusselator.
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  • 29
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    Non-linear filtering with discontinuous observations and applications to life sciences (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 571-577 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract In various applications one faces the problem of estimating a signal from discontinuous observations. For example, in biomedical applications the signal may be the ‘state’ of a given organ and one observes through an external counter the amount of radioactivity sequestered by the organ after injection of a radioactive tracer. Here the problem is studied in the context of nonlinear filtering when the signal can be modelled as either a random variable or a diffusion process, and the observations have a continuous and a purely discontinuous component; both components may be affected by the signal. When the signal is a random variable an explicitly computable solution is obtained; for the diffusion case the solution is given as a sequence of approximating filters that can be computed recursively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459588
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    Lateral diffusion and eigenvalue estimates (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 627-634 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Eigenvalue problems arise in various biological models. We outline a useful comparison method and a technique using Lyapunov functions that can be applied in many cases. An application to lateral diffusion is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459594
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    Recent views on the cell cycle structure (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 605-616 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews, up to their recent developments, two types of models of the cell cycle: those considering the size controls over the cycle events and the transition probability models. The distribution of inter-mitotic time and the sister-sister and motherdaughter correlations implied by the two approaches are discussed in view of some relevant experimental data.
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    Controlled branching processes and their applications to normal and malignant haematopoiesis (1983)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 617-626 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The development of a blood cell line originating from a pluripotent stem cell pool is modelled by a chain of multidimensional branching processes in which the sojourn times of the cells in certain resting states depend on the size of the following subpopulation. The stability of such a model is discussed qualitatively and some considerations concerning a possible malignant degeneration are presented. The behaviour of models for normal and malignant cell production are illustrated by stochastic stimulations. The model presented here describes the development of a certain line of blood cells (e.g. erythrocytes, monocytes or granulocytes) originating from the pluripotent stem cell up to the functional cell in the blood (for related models see, e.g., Rubinow and Lebowitz,J. math. Biol. 1, 87–225;Biophys. J. 16, 897–910).
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    Population growth in random environments (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 635-641 
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    ISSN: 1522-9602
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews some recent advances in single population stochastic differential equation growth models. They are a natural way to model population growth in a randomly varying environment. The question of which calculus, Itô or Stratonovich, is preferable is addressed. The two calculi coincide when the noise term is linear, if we take into account the differences in the interpretation of the parameters. This clarifies, among other things, the controversy on the theory of niche limiting similarity proposed by May and MacArthur. The effects of correlations in the environmental fluctuations and statistical methods for estimating parameters and for prediction based on a single population trajectory are mentioned. Applications to fisheries, wildlife management and particularly to environmental impact assessment are now becoming possible and are proposed in this paper.
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    Continuous-time Markov chains as models for animal behaviour (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 643-658 
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    Notes: Abstract A survey is given of the application of (functions of) continuous-time Markov chains in the statistical analysis of behavioural time series.
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    Tenth International Cell Cycle Conference (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 659-659 
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    On oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 661-664 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper demonstrates that there is one and only one solution to a non-linear singular two-point boundary-value problem which describes oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell. Previous authors have calculated numerical results that differ substantially. Numerical computations using the multiple shooting method support the results of McElwain.
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    The theory and practice of distance geometry (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 665-720 
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    Notes: Abstract The mathematics of distance geometry constitutes the basis of a group of algorithms for revealing the structural consequences of diverse forms of information about a macromolecule's conformation. These algorithms are of proven utility in the analysis of experimental conformational data. This paper presents the basic theorems of distance geometry in Euclidean space and gives formal proofs of the correctness and, where possible, of the complexity of these algorithms. The implications of distance geometry for the energy minimization of macromolecules are also discussed.
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    Microcontinuum approach to the pulsatile flow in tubes with and without longitudinal vibration (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 721-737 
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    Notes: Abstract A fully developed pulsatile flow in a circular rigid tube is analysed by a microcontinuum approach. Solutions for radial variation of axial velocity and cell rotational velocity across the tube are obtained using the momentum integral method. Simplified forms of the solutions are presented for the relevant physiological data. Marked deviations in the results are observed when compared to a Newtonian fluid model. It is interesting to see that there is sufficient reduction in the mass flow rate, phase lag and friction due to the micropolar character of the fluid.
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    Transient transport across the blood-retina barrier (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 749-758 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model of the transport of fluorescein across the blood-retina barrier in the transient state and the subsequent diffusion of fluorescein in the vitreous body is presented. The function of the barrier is lumped in a single parameter—the permeability. The sensitivity of this parameter due to changes in the other parameters of the model is given. This establishes the foundation for the quantitative assessment of the barrier function through vitreous fluorophotometry.
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    Computed insulin profiles for normalization of glycemia in diabetic patients (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 739-748 
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    Notes: Abstract The objective of this preliminary study was to develop a new quantitative method of setting the initial insulin infusion patterns in treatment of diabetic patients. The method is based upon the mathematical estimation of the insulin profile required to maintain the glucose level within the normal range after glucose loading in diabetic patients. Using our previously developed equivalent circuit model of glucose kinetics and the reported data of an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in two groups of normal and diabetic patients, two important physiological parameters of the model (the peripheral tissue's insulin resistivity and the hepatic sensitivity to glucose level) were computed for two clinical groups. Then the insulin profile was obtained by computing the plasma insulin concentrations required to keep the total glucose utilization rate of the tissue and the liver in the diabetic group equal to that of the normal group. The simulation result indicated that the computed insulin profile produced a plasma glucose profile which was more closely matched to the normal group's glucose profile than with the case of emulating the normal group's insulin profile in the diabetic group.
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    Molecular mechanism of sodium conductance changes in nerve: The role of electron transfer and energy migration (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 759-780 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper shows that the Na conductance changes can be explained quantitatively, based on the following assumptions: (1) there exist in nerve membranes the electron transfer (ET) complexes and traps, (2) there is energy migration among them. The gating mechanism is explained in physical terms. Its mathematical expression differs from the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, but resembles the Hoyt formulation. In the present model, the physical parameters for the squid axon can be estimated from currently available experimental data. The density of the ET complexes is on the order of 105/μm2, and the density of the traps is 103/μm2. The magnitude of the energy transfer rate between ET complexes is about 106/sec at large depolarization and decreases with decreasing depolarizations, as does the Na inactivation rate. The energy gap between the two stable states of the transfer electron in the ET complex is estimated to be around 0.1 eV, which is approximately the same as that for the photosynthetic systems.
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    The dynamics of symmetric nets (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 781-792 
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    Notes: Abstract The role of symmetry in simplifying the theory of complex neural systems is argued. When the structural symmetries of a network are expressed as an ismorphism group, implications emerge for the dynamics. Various qualitative possibilities concerning stability of uniform motion in homogeneous nets are discussed and an approach to neural hierarchies is outlined.
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    Conditions for global stability of two-species population models with discrete time delay (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 793-805 
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    Notes: Abstract By constructing appropriate Liapunov functionals, asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of various delay differential systems describing prey-predator, competition and symbiosis models has been studied. It has been shown that equilibrium states of these models are globally stable, provided certain conditions in terms of instantaneous and delay interaction coefficients are satisfied.
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    Flow analysis sensitivities for models of energy or material flow (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 807-826 
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    Notes: Abstract Sensitivity analyses have been used to examine the flow structure of two hypothetical ecosystem models. These analyses have results which relate to important aspects of ecosystem theory. Cycles are shown to increase the sensitivity of the network, while increased throughflow is shown to decrease the sensitivity. Such results indicate that several factors can be modified to decrease the sensitivity of ecosystems to environmental stress.
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    Population dynamics with age- and time-dependent birth and death rates (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 827-836 
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    Notes: Abstract A continous, deterministic mathematical model is used to predict population distributions by age at any time, given the initial distribution and the variation of birth and death rates with age and time. Solutions are obtained on a computer using a semi-discretization algorithm in which time derivatives in the partial differential equations are replaced by finite-difference expressions. The resulting sets of ordinary differential equations are solved by a predictor-corrector method. Graphical results are shown for some examples.
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    On the complexity of graphs and molecules (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 849-855 
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    Notes: Abstract A new formula for the complexity of graphs is proposed and applied to the points lines and ‘connections’ of some chemically relevant graphs.
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    Analytical solutions for distributions of chemotactic bacteria (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 837-847 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper reports general and specialized results on analytical solutions to the governing phenomenological equations for chemotactic redistribution and population growth of motile bacteria. It is shown that the number of bacteria cells per unit volume,b, is proportional to a certain prescribed function ofs, the concentration of the critical substrate chemotactic agent, for steady-state solutions through an arbitrary spatial region with a boundary that is impermeable to bacteria cell transport. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the steady-state solution forb ands is unique for a prescribed total number of bacteria cells in the spatial region and a generic Robin boundary condition ons. The latter solution can be approximated to desired accuracy in terms of the Poisson-Green's function associated with the spatial region. Also, as shown by example, closed-form exact steady-state solutions are obtainable for certain consumption rate functions and geometrically symmetric spatial regions. A solutional procedure is formulated for the initialvalue problem in cases for which significant population growth is present and bacteria cell redistribution due to motility and chemotactic flow proceeds slowly relative to the diffusion of the chemoattractant substrate. Finally, a remarkably simple exact analytical solution is reported for a stradily propagating plane-wave which features motility, chemotactic motion and bacteria population growth regulated by substrate diffusion.
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    Effects of periodic accelerations on blood flow in arteries (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 857-867 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the flow of blood in large artries under the influence of linear periodic acceleration. The governing equations and boundary conditions are established and analytical solutions for the velocity, fluid acceleration, bulk flow and shear stress are obtained. The results for these physical quantitites are computed for the case of an artery the size of a normal human aorta. It is found that the flow field variables are directly proportional to the external accelerating force. The behaviour of the velocity profile along the radial distance at different stages of times at fixed applied acceleration is also shown.
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    Computational modeling of evolutionary learning processes in the brain (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 931-968 
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    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary selection circuits model of learning has been specified algorithmically. The basic structural components of the selection circuits model are enzymatic neurons, that is, neurons whose firing behavior is controlled by membrane-bound macromolecules called excitases. Learning involves changes in the excitase contents of neurons through a process of variation and selection. In this paper we report on the behavior of a basic version of the learning algorithm which has been developed through extensive interactive experiments with the model. This algorithm is effective in that it enables single neurons or networks of neurons to learn simple pattern classification tasks in a number of time steps which appears experimentally to be a linear function of problem size, as measured by the number of patterns of presynaptic input. The experimental behavior of the algorithm establishes that evolutionary mechanisms of learning are competent to serve as major mechanisms of neuronal adaptation. As an example, we show how the evolutionary learning algorithm can contribute to adaptive motor control processes in which the learning system develops the ability to reach a target in the presence of randomly imposed disturbances.
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    Dynamics of a continuous culture with catalysis of the growth-limiting substrate by an enzyme of the cells (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 981-990 
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    Notes: Abstract In the present paper we discuss the behaviour of solutions of a dynamical system describing the growth of cells in a well-mixed continuous culture where the supply of the growth-limiting nutrient depends on the activity of an enzyme outside the cell membrane. It turns out that for positive dilution rates there exists an exponentially attractive two-dimensional simplex. Furthermore, the reversed system restricted to this simplex is quasimonotone. In every case all trajectories tend to an equilibrium state.
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    The trade-off between mutual interference and time lags in predator-prey systems (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 991-1004 
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    Notes: Abstract We present a Gause predator-prey model incorporating mutual interference among predators, a density-dependent predator death rate and a time lag due to gestation. It is well known that mutual interference is stabilizing, whereas time delays are destabilizing. We show that in combining the two, a long time-lag usually, but not always, destabilizes the system. We also show that increasing delays can cause a bifurcation into periodic solutions.
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    Sequential behavior and stability properties of enzymatic neuron networks (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 969-980 
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    Notes: Abstract The cycle structure of enzymatic neural networks may be characterized in terms of number of cycles exhibited, size of cycle state sets and cycle lengths. Simulation experiments show that the stability properties of these networks have some unusual features which are not exhibited by networks of two-state switching elements or by randomly constructed ecosystem models. The behavioral and structural stability of these systems decreases with their structural complexity, as measured by the number of components. The behavioral and structural stability of enzymatic neural networks also decreases with structural complexity, as measured by the number of excitase types, but only up to the middle level of excitases per neuron. This is the point of highest potential responsiveness of the system to environmental stimuli. Beyond this point the behavioral and structural stability increase. This is due to the fact that the number of possible states increases up to this point and decreases beyond it. The number of possible states, not the number of components, serves as the useful measure of complexity in these types of systems. The selection circuits learning algorithm has been used to evolve networks whose cycle structures have desired features.
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    A new similarity principle for cardiac energetics (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1005-1011 
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    Notes: Abstract Similarity criteria of the functional design of the mammalian cardiovascular system are scant. For the analysis of mammalian cardiac energetics physiological parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, heart rate, metabolic rate and heart and body weights are considered pertinent. Based on these parameters, a new similarity principle is established via allometric equations, dimensional analysis and Buckingham's pi-theorem. The principle states that the ratio of left ventricular external work to metabolic rate is inversely proportional to resting heart rates of mammals. The proportionality constant is dimensionless and is invariant of mammalian body weights.
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    Categorical system theory and the phenomenological calculus (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1029-1045 
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    Notes: Abstract The mathematical theory of categories is used as a tool in the description of the structure and function of natural systems. The connections between the category of natural systems, with observables and dynamics, and the phenomenological calculus of response tensors, duality- and adjoint-invariance diagrams are established. The unified theory is applied to the analysis of hierarchies, pattern generation and the structure and dynamics of proteins.
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    Categorical system theory (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1047-1072 
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    Notes: Abstract This is an investigation of natural systems from the standpoint of the mathematical theory of categories. It examines the relationships which exist between different descriptions through measurement of observables and dynamical interactions. We begin with a category theory of formal systems with observables, and then proceed to a category theory of dynamical systems. The two categories are then combined to represent natural systems. Topological considerations enter in the study of stability and bifurcation phenomena. Special emphasis is placed on natural systems which model biological processes. The categorical system theory developed is applied to the analysis of several biological problems and biological system theories.
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    Simulated tetanic hyperpolarization by sodium loading of a neuronal system in which active transport is linked to the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley equations (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1013-1028 
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    Notes: Abstract Tetanic hyperpolarization for theXenopus node is simulated by means of iterative solutions of the Frankenhaeuser-Huxley excitation equations together with an active transport current density term which is dependent on sodium and potassium levels as well as the ADP/ATP ratio. All time-dependent variables at the end of one interspike interval are introduced as initial conditions for the next response, whereupon all time-dependent changes in voltage and permeability factors appear identical for the third and fourth responses of a sequence. Net change in internal sodium concentration is zero throughout the third and fourth intervals if sodium loading of the system is initially adjusted to a critical level. Extent of tetanic hyperpolarization is a function of the pump conductance.
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    Announcement (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1097-1097 
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    Further properties of the two-membrane model (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 1073-1096 
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    Notes: Abstract The properties of nonlinear equations describing the solute and solvent transport across a simplified Patlak-Goldstein-Hoffman model (two membranes in series without unstirred layers) are investigated both analytically and numerically. The analysis shows that the principal coefficients measured in transport experiments in the presence of active transport are dependent on the experimental conditions. These ‘apparent’ system parameters are extensions of the corresponding parameters determined both in passive systems and in the linear Kedem-Katchalsky theory. Moreover, they are related to the local phenomenological coefficients of the single membranes of the array. Several relationships between measurable quantities and the local system parameters are indicated, allowing the planning of experiments aimed at the measurement of the latter. Data in the literature have been used to check the proposed volume flow equation.
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    Comparative performance of polynomial signal extraction (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 93-104 
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    Notes: Abstract A stochastic approximation problem for polynomic operators is formulated. The performance of polynomic operators of various degrees is compared. The effect of causality constraints is also examined.
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    Feedback system design: The single-variate case — Part I (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 137-169 
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    Notes: Abstract A recently developed algebraic approach to the feedback system design problem is reviewed via the derivation of the theory in the single-variate case. This allows the simple algebraic nature of the theory to be brought to the fore while simultaneously minimizing the complexities of the presentation. Rather than simply giving a single solution to the prescribed design problem we endeavor to give a complete parameterization of the set of compensators which meet specifications. Although this might at first seem to complicate our theory it, in fact, opens the way for a sequential approach to the design problem in which one parameterizes the subset of those compensators which meet the second specification...etc. Specific problems investigated include feedback system stabilization, the tracking and disturbance rejection problem, robust design, transfer function design, pole placement, simultaneous stabilization, and stable stabilization.
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    Editorial (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 267-268 
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    Rational approximation via selective modal analysis (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 433-445 
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    Notes: Abstract We describe a recently developed framework for exploring the structure of linear time-invariant models of large systems, and for constructing interpretable or physically-based, reduced-order models that reproduce selected modes of the original systems to a desired accuracy. Application of this framework to constructing lumped approximations for interconnections of lumped and distributed systems is briefly explored.
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    Selection under random mutations in stochastic eigen model (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 17-28 
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    Notes: Abstract The concept of natural selection is examined, which is one of basic principles for the Darwinian interpretation of evolution. In this model selection is defined as a solution of the deterministic Eigen equation. Next, the random effect is introduced through the mutation term. However, the probability of finding the solution expressing the selection is shown to be smallest. The validity of the model and its applicability to polynucleotide replication are discussed.
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    Factors defining the rate of oxygen uptake by the red blood cell (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 135-147 
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    Notes: Abstract Using numerical methods, the initial rates of oxygen uptake by the red blood cell have been computed. The methods accommodate both a water layer and membrane which may act as diffusive impedance to gas influx. The differential solubilities of the gas in these two layers have also been incorporated in the methods. The presence of a 0.50–0.65 μm deoxygenated water layer has been calculated to simulate the experimental results by Roughton (1959). Experimental studies of CO and NO uptake by the red cell could also be simulated. Although a membrane-only model with given parameters can also account for the observed rates of oxygenation of the red cell (Weingardenet al., submitted for publication), the additional incorporation of differential solubilities of oxygen in the different layers of the RBC yields results that indicate a three layer model to be more plausible. Using a thin layer-red cell oxygenation system, the rates of oxygenation were determined for red cells surrounded by a 4.2 μm deoxygenated water layer. The rates were found to compare favorably to the results of the theoretical model.
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    Book review (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 151-151 
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    Role of the hypergeometric distribution in the transmission of excitation through sympathetic Ganglia (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 152-152 
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    On a class of finite deformations of elastic soft tissues (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 175-192 
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    Notes: Abstract Due to the complicated physiological structure of soft biological tissues, stresses can only be measured after the specimen has been stretched to many times of its related length. Therefore, the classical constitutive equations of finite elasticity developed for vulcanized, rubbery materials and the linear theories developed for most engineering materials cannot be applied to soft tissues which are highly elastic in nature. In this article, utilizing a mechanical model developed by Demiray for soft tissues, a class of finite deformations of some tissues is studied and the results are compared with experiment and the existing literature. These problems are the simultaneous extension and twisting of a circular cylindrical bar, the bending of a rectangular block, and the pure shear of a rectangular prism. It is believed that solutions to these problems may find some applications in plastic surgery.
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    Effects of convective and dispersive migration on the linear stability of a two species system with mutualistic interactions and functional response (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 271-282 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, effects of convective and dispersive migration on the linear stability of the equilibrium state of a two species system with mutualistic interactions and functional response have been investigated. In both finite and semi-infinite habitats, it has been shown that the otherwise stable equilibrium state without dispersal remains so with dispersal also, both under flux and reservior conditions. In the case of finite habitat, the degree of stability increases as dispersal coefficients of the two species increase. The effect of convective migration also is to stabilize the equilibrium state in this case.
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    Announcements (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 307-307 
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    A model of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the alpha rhythm (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 283-305 
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    Notes: Abstract A linear spatially distributed model of a chain of neurons and interneurons was investigated in relation to the generation of propagated alpha rhythmic activity. It was assumed that the elements of the chain were interconnected by means of recurrent collaterals and inhibitory fibres in such a way that the connectivity functions were assumed to be homogeneous and their strength was an exponentially decreasing function of distance. It was found that such a neuronal chain shows propagation properties for frequencies in the alpha band. The results obtained with the model are in agreement with the phase velocities encountered experimentally. In this way, it was possible to estimate the length of the neural fibres responsible for the phenomenon of propagated activity. The estimates obtained are in good agreement with recent quantitative neuroanatomical data on the circuitry of the neocortex.
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    A behavioral summary for completely random nets (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 309-320 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper characterizes the cycle structure of a completely random net. Variables such as number of cycles of a specified length, number of cycles, number of cyclic states and length of cycle are studied. A square array of indicator variables enables conveninent study of moment structure. Additionally, exact and asymptotic distributional results are presented.
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    Eigensolutions of nonlinear wave equations in one dimension (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 321-337 
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    Notes: Abstract A class of nonlinear equations describing the steady propagation of a disturbance on the infinite interval in one dimensional space are shown under certain conditions to admit solution with a unique velocity of propagation. The class of equations describe both initial and final homogeneous steady states which are asymptotically stable with respect to uniform perturbations, in contrast to the Fisher equation, which does not.
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    Comparison of models of insulin release (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 399-409 
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    Notes: Abstract A model for insulin secretion with a storage and a labile compartment, as well as a provisionary factor, is combined with a signal model in which the signal can be the difference between an excitation and an inhibition, or the difference in concentrations inside and outside some cell components. The model, using a single set of values for the parameters, accounts in a semiquantitative manner for all of the regularly appearing features of the insulin secretion from thein vitro perfused pancreas to a wide range of patterns of glucose and tolbutamide stimulation. Among the features which can be accounted for are: early and late secretion of insulin as a function of glucose in terms of a single parameter; the apparent depletion and recovery during a pulsed pattern of stimulation by tolbutamide; the hypersecretion following a short period of rest during a prolonged stimulation by glucose; the negative spike which occurs when the concentration of glucose, which has been maintained for a period of time, is suddenly reduced to a lower level; and the appropriate responses to slow and fast ramp functions of glucose concentration.
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    Example of a system which is computation universal but not effectively programmable (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 443-447 
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    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of a chaotic component in a computing system is incompatible with its being effectively programmable. The example presented shows that concepts of programming suitable for biological systems may differ from those which have grown out of our experience with present day digital computers.
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    Primary events in odour detection (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 411-423 
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    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the interaction between stimulus molecules and the olfactory receptor cell membrane is presented. The model is based upon a sequence of events, i.e. stimulus delivery at the olfactory epithelium, absorption of molecules in the mucus layer, diffusion of the molecules towards the receptor cells and molecule-receptor cell membrane interaction. The mathematical analysis considers the situation during electrophysiological experiments, where an odour puff is delivered at an exposed olfactory mucosa. Such a situation resembles sniffing of odour samples. The analysis is discussed in relation to experimental evidence.
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    Analytical model of hygroscopic particle behavior in human airways (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 425-442 
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    Notes: Abstract A model is developed to calculate the deposition of hygroscopic aerosols in the human tracheobronchial (TB) tree. The TB airflow pattern assumed is consistent with experimental observations and accounts for anatomical features such as the larynx and cartilaginous rings in large airways. Some original deposition efficiency formulae are presented for laminar and turbulent airstreams. Stepwise growth is simulated by changes in particle size and density at each TB generation. The dose distribution of NaCl aerosols is studied as a function of inhaled particle size and flow rate. Two NaCl growth rate curves are used which differ in the mode of aerosol-air mixing in the trachea. The initial rate of aerosol mixing in the human due to the laryngeal jet is shown to be an important factor affecting the deposition of hygroscopic aerosols. Total TB deposition of NaCl exceeds that for nonhygroscopic particles of the same inhaled aerodynamic size. Hygroscopic growth can also influence the regional TB distribution of dose when submicron NaCl particles grow rapidly enough to deposit by impaction and sedimentation.
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    Remark on the letter by Zhitomirsky and Kagna (1980) (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 449-449 
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    Announcements (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 451-452 
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    Mathematical model for the study of fertility and viability in inbreeding populations (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 491-500 
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    Notes: Abstract Granted that a single or complex gene is responsible for inbreeding depression, theoretical expressions for fertility and viability are obtained in different diploid populations: brother-sister, half-brother-sister, cousins and double-cousins. The conclusions of the study of viability variations according to the coefficient of parentage are proved by the results of experiments and lead to a new view of genetic load.
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    Energy and biological evolution—I. The equilibrium states of biochemical processes (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 501-535 
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    Notes: Abstract The Thom gradient model of morphogenesis poses the followinga posteriori problem: “From the observed morphology of a given natural process (effect) determine the dynamics of the process (cause)”. In this paper we consider the classicala priori problem: “Given the cause (dynamics) determine the effect (resultant morphology)”. We find that in biochemical processes the mechanisms for energy activation, energy-matter interaction and energy dissipation determine the dynamics. Furthermore there exists basic energy mechanisms which drive the equilibrium states through the elementary catastrophes of Thom. A comparison with current theories shows that our models describe open ecological food chains and their dynamical systems generalize the equations of organisation posed by M. Eigen.
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    Energy and biological evolution—III. Theoretical ecology and macromolecular self-organization (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 549-555 
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    Notes: Abstract We show that the elementary models of biochemical evolutionary processes are the bases for the study of open ecological systems and macromolecular self-organisation. We deduce a biochemical analogue for the basic closed phytoplankton-zooplankton food chain. The perturbation of the Michaelis-Menten mechanism which determines the nutrient-dependent growth rate of the phytoplankton species leads to higher catastrophes for the nutrient equilibrium manifold. The umbilic models are generalizations of the equations of organization of Eigen.
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    Nonlinear generalizations of the Kedem-Katachalsky equations for ionic fluxes (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 761-775 
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    Notes: Abstract The transport equation of Kedem and Katchalsky for the flux of ions through a membrane is generalized to demonstrate explicitly the role of impermeant ions in determining its mathematical form. Whereas the Kedem-Katchalsky equation is linear in the salt concentrations in the bathing solutions, the more general equation is bilinear (and symmetric) in the ionic concentrations of the permeant species. The Kedem-Katchalsky flux equation is further generalized to include explicitly a term for ion-exchange in systems having more than a single permeant salt. This additional term is also bilinear (and antisymmetric) in the concentrations of the exchanging ionic species. Flux equations are derived for systems having (1) a single mono-monovalent salt, (2) two mono-monovalent salts and (3) an arbitrary number of salts with no restriction upon the valencies of the ionic components. Since it has no effect upon the form of concentration-dependent terms in the flux equations, coupling to volume flow is neglected.
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    Some applications of the concept of body forces for the myocardium (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 819-840 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical theory of the dynamics of the myocardium based on the concept of body forces is applied to account for two different experimental results. The first result consists of a relation between oxygen consumption and the kinetic energy of the myocardium. The second set of results provides a consistent interpretation of the relationship between different indices used to assess the ventricular performance.
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    On the stochastic theory of compartments: A semi-Markov approach for the analysis of theK-compartmental systems (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 809-817 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper a semi-Markov process approach is developed to analyse stochastic compartmental systems using straightforward probabilistic arguments. Explicit expressions for several characteristics of thek-compartmental systems with a Poisson process input are derived and various models found in the literature arising from biological applications are generalised here using the semi-Markov process technique.
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    Analysis of a nonlinear diffusion problem With Michaelis-Menten kinetics by an integral equation method (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 841-849 
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    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model for oxygen diffusion in a spherical cell with Michaelis-Menten oxygen uptake kinetics is analyzed by means of an intergral equation method. It is shown that an integral equation formulation can be used to obtain a numerical solution associated with this boundary and initial value problem. Through an illustrative numerical calculation we are able to obtain an accurate solution for both the steady and transient problems. Finally, a comparison is made with the numerical solution of McElwain and the variational solution of Anderson and Arthurs for the steady state and Lin's result concerning the unsteady state.
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    A note on exact solutions of two prey-predator equations (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 893-897 
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    Notes: Abstract Exact solutions are obtained and discussed for classes of Lotka-Volterra and Leslie-Gower systems governing the interaction of two species. The classes are defined by certain constraints which are imposed on the time-dependent parameters of the equations. A general result for such systems is that each species is characterised by two time-scales: one representing natural growth and the other, the interdependence of the species.
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    Diffusion along intercellular spaces: An analysis of a transient situation (1982)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 44 (1982), S. 879-891 
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    Notes: Abstract We present an analysis of the diffusion of a tracer in a model of a cell-intercellular space system. The problem reduces to the resolution of a system of a linear partial differential equation and of a linear integral differential equation. The mathematical results have been obtained in terms of their Laplace transforms, which have been inverted by a numerical procedure for some parameter values. The importance of considering gradients of concentrations in intercellular spaces instead of lumping them with the external mediums has been discussed together with the possibility of extending Ussing's relation to transient cases, in order to detect active transports. Some possible implementations of the model to take into account more general situations have been considered.
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    Weber's law and perceptual categories: Another teleological view (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 139-142 
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    Notes: Abstract As an alternative to optimum-processor models in which sensors attempt to circumvent internal and external noise, a mechanism-independent argument is presented for Weber's law in vision and hearing. In vision, the argument is that categories of objects should be independent of the light intensity on these objects. In hearing, sound categorization should be independent of the distance from the sound source. An analogous desideratum for computer-based image segmentation is also presented.
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    Lattices and lattice-valued relations in biology (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 193-207 
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    Notes: Abstract Rashevsky's treatment of general binary relations between sets of biological elements is extended using the novel mathematical concept of lattice-valued relation (l.v.r.). This yields a quantitative measure of the strength of the relations between components of a biological organism, and some illustrative examples are given. Specific l.v.r.'s are used to define (more precisely than in Rashevsky's preliminary theory of binary relations) the biologically important relationships amongst hormones, metabolism and energy exchange involved in metabolic reactions. The ‘strongest link’ between the set of hormones and the set of metabolic reactions is quantified using a special l.v.r., and other specific biological realisations of lattice-valued relations in abstract-relational biology are presented. L.v.r.'s may also be regarded as a form ofG-relation in relational biology, or as a particular case of generating diagrams. Further possible developments of this approach, using more complex tools of the newly developed mathematical theory of lattice-valued relations, such as function space l.v.r., group l.v.r., l.v.r. morphisms, l.v.r. homology andn-ary l.v.r.'s are suggested.
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    On the effect of the concentration profile of red cells on blood flow in the artery with stenosis (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 259-267 
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of the viscosity-concentration dependence and of the concentration profile on blood flow through a vessel with stenosis have been studied. The flow resistance and the wall shear stress have been found to be smaller than in the two-fluid model with constant viscosities.
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    Stochastic models for cell kinetics (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 507-519 
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    Notes: Abstract A survey is given of branching process type methods in cell kinetics. Some results are given that allow circadian rhythm and do not require complete independence between cells. Some more classical results on balanced exponential growth are given and some comments are made on flow microfluorometry.
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    Introduction (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 439-442 
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    Stochastic processes in neurophysiology: Transformation from point to continuous processes (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 443-465 
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    Notes: Abstract The spike train activity of neurones is considered as a point process, and methods of analysing and interpreting recorded spike trains are considered. The generation of a continuous process (membrane noise) from interacting point processes is described.
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    Stochastic theory of population genetics (1983)
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    Bulletin of mathematical biology 45 (1983), S. 521-554 
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    Notes: Abstract Stochastic models of population genetics are studied with special reference to the biological interest. Mathematical methods are described for treating some simple models and their modifications aimed at the problems of the molecular evolution. Unified theory for treating different quantities is extensively developed and applied to some typical problems of current interest in genetics. Mathematical methods for treating geographically structured populations are given. Approximation formulae and their accuracy are discussed. Some criteria are given for a structured population to behave almost like a panmictic population of the same total size. Some quantities are shown to be independent of the geographical structure and their dynamics are described.
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    The asymptotic behavior of Hermite-Padé polynomials (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 305-309 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present speculations on the asymptotic behavior of Hermite-Padé polynomials of type I constructed from a set of functions with common branch points. The proposed form is consistent with all known results and numerical work.
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    Nested-feedback-loops realization of 2-D systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 321-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Algorithms are derived for representation of double power series by branched continued fractions. Some properties of the branched continued fractions are given. Two new alternative structures for realization of a two-dimensional, zero memory nonlinear transfer characteristic are proposed. These structures permit the design of 2-D systems with relatively low sensitivity of the transfer function to coefficient errors. Generalized equivalence transformations of branched continued fractions are also presented. Illustrative examples are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599016
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  • 97
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    Port properties of nonlinear reciprocal networks (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 77-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Time-invariantn-port networks are considered which are constructed from linear resistors and transformers, and nonlinear inductors and capacitors. A port property is sought which is analogous to the symmetry of the impedance matrix obtained in the linear case. Such a property is found using a stochastic characterization: with all resistors assumed to be at the one temperature and modelled to include the usual thermal noise, a fluctuating noise voltage will be observed at the ports of the networks. With some reasonable restrictions on the nature of the nonlinearities in the reactive elements, the vector of such noise voltages is shown to constitute what is known as a reversible stochastic process; in the linear case, reversibility holds if and only if the impedance matrix is symmetric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600035
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Continuation algorithms for the eigenvalue problems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 123-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Three algorithms for the solution of the eigenvalue problem for a continuously parameterized family of sparse matrices are presented; a continuousLU (orLR) algorithm, a continuousQR algorithm, and a continuous Hessenberg algorithm. Each of the three algorithms may be implemented recursively and the sparsity of the given matrices is preserved throughout the numerical process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600038
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  • 99
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    Stability analysis of complex dynamical systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 171-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present two new algorithms to estimate the domain of attraction of the equilibriumx=0 of a nonlinear systemx=f(x). One of these algorithms utilizes quadratic Lyapunov functions while the second algorithm makes use of norm Lyapunov functions. Both of these procedures yield estimates for the domain of attraction which are comparable to those obtained by existing methods; however, the present algorithms appear to be significantly more efficient than existing algorithms. We also show how sometimes the applicability of the above results can be extended to high order systems by invoking the comparison principle. In doing so, we establish some results for the comparison principle which are of interest in their own right. Specifically, we relate the domain of attraction of a low order comparison system to the domain of attraction of a higher order system and we give an interpretation of the comparison principle in terms of stability preserving maps. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the present results, and in order to compare the present results with existing results, several specific examples are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600051
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  • 100
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    A block matrix representation of permutation networks (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 251-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This work provides a mathematical framework for topologically-independent analysis of permutation networks. First, a structure-dependent representation is provided using matrices whose entries are switching expressions. Then, a transformation is presented which maps these matrices into structure-independent representations which are matrices whose entries are 0/1 matrices. Algebraic tools for manipulating the second type of matrices are also provided. Notions such as permutations realizable by a network, the rearrangeability property, and series and parallel connections of networks are defined and discussed with regard to the proposed representations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600055
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