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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 603-618 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Preameloblasts ; Tooth germs ; Monkey ; Enamel ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Cytodifferentiation of inner enamel epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue from the tip of the cervical loop to the initiation of enamel elaboration in twoMacaca species was examined. Ten- to twelve-month-old specimens were fixed by perfusion and the permanent tooth buds were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. At the cervical loop proper, inner enamel epithelium cells have lobed nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasm, and wide extracellular spaces; the basal lamina facing the dental papilla is straight. With increasing distance from the tip of the cervical loop, the following changes occur gradually: (a) preameloblasts elongate from 15 to 45 µm, and their organelles, particularly mitochondria and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, become more numerous; (b) extracellular spaces decrease between preameloblasts starting at the basal (infranuclear) end; (c) the basement membrane becomes convoluted and associated with aperiodic fibers; (d) preodontoblast projections penetrate the aperiodic fibers; (e) collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane increase in density, with particularly thick fibers paralleling the aperiodic fibers. These modifications occur within three-fourths of the distance from the tip of the cervical loop to the mineralization front. The condensation of preodontoblasts is followed immediately by predentin synthesis. Concomitantly, the basement membrane breaks down and the aperiodic fibers are engulfed by preameloblasts. Preameloblast projections penetrate junctional predentin, contact mineralized dentin, and enamel synthesis ensues. At this stage the ameloblast is 45 µm long, the nucleus is central or basal, the Golgi apparatus has migrated apically, but the Tomes' process has not yet formed. The results indicate that odontogenesis inMacaca monkeys more closely resembles human odontogenesis than does that in the murine rodents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 145-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bird egg shell ; Ultrastructure ; Calcification ; Electron diffraction ; Microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The egg-shell of Japanese quail was studied by several techniques. Semithin sections (1μm thick) of non-decalcified shell were observed by normal and polarized light microscopy. Thin sections of non-decalcified shell, examined by transmission electron microscopy, permitted us to observe the forms and dimensions of crystals of calcite within different layers of the shell: mammilary layer, layer of cones, palissade layer and surface crystal layer. There appears to be two distinct zones in the layer of cones as well as in the superficial crystal layer. Electron microdiffraction revealed the orientation of calcite crystals in the columns. Some crystal defects (twins?) were described and the possibility of their artefactual formation during ultramicrotomy is discussed. Localization of Ca, Mg, P and S were made by X-ray microanalysis of semithin sections. This technique shows that shell membranes, and chiefly the true cuticle, are also mineralized but, in these layers, minerals are not crystallized. Otherwise the distribution of Mg is not uniform throughout the shell thickness; it is less concentrated in the external zone of the layer of cones. These results together with observation of developing shells by scanning electron microscopy allowed us to propose a scheme for shell organization of the quail egg. This organization was related with decalcification which occurs during hatching.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Mineralization ; Osteodentin ; Intracellular ; Ultrastructure ; Microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Newly formed osteodentin obtained from the anterior extremities of fetal or young rat incisors was observed by means of electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Cells related to osteodentin formation frequently showed membrane bound intracellular bodies containing varying amounts of fine, needle-shaped crystals, which were identified as apatite. The intracellular clusters of apatite crystals were extruded from the cells through membrane fusion or cellular degeneration. These extracellular clusters seemed to be gradually incorporated into the mineralizing collagenous matrix, which developed around them. Frequent occurrence of dense, dotshaped or filamentous profiles suggested that the dense bodies seen in the perinuclear regions or in the Golgi area were the sites of crystal formation. Energy dispersive X-ray point analysis showed that the intracellular or extracellular apatite clusters contained sulfur in a concentration higher than was present in the mineralizing collagenous matrix. Furthermore, wave dispersive X-ray line analysis showed that the concentration of sulfur was higher in the osteodentin matrix than in the dentin matrix. The sulfur detected is presumed to be contained in acid mucopolysaccharides, which were distributed more heavily in the osteodentin matrix than in the dentin matrix. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that the unique chemical and structural characteristics of the osteodentin result primarily from the incorporation of apatite clusters of intracellular origin and associated acid mucopolysaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 43-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone resorption ; Osteogenesis ; Fish bone ; Osteocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The comparative ultrastructure of fish bone osteogenesis and resorption induced by scale removal was described in the osteocytic (cellular-boned)Carassius auratus and the anosteocytic (acellular-boned)Tilapia macrocephala. Osteocytes, present in osteocytic bone, were lacking in anosteocytic bone. In osteocytic bone the osteoblast secreted a collagenous preosseous matrix in which it became enmeshed and then was termed a preosteocyte. When the preosseous matrix mineralized, the preosteocyte was termed an osteocyte and was completely surrounded by bone. In anosteocytic bone the osteoblasts receded from the mineralizing front and never became trapped as osteocytes. During resorption, types A and B resorptive cells, present in both bone types, invaded the matrix and demineralized the osseous zone. These cells were characterized by large amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular inclusions containing crystal-like material. Although functionally similar to mammalian osteoclasts, these cells lacked a characteristic ruffled border and were not multinucleated. The osteocytes of cellular bone did not appear to be involved during demineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 271-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Shell formation ; Free nerve endings ; Ultrastructure ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Biomphalaria pfeifferi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The mantle edge of the freshwater pulmonate snailsLymnaea stagnalis andBiomphalaria pfeifferi was investigated with histochemical and ultrastructural methods. The mantle edge gland, which is involved in shell formation, consists of the periostracal groove and the belt. This belt appears to be composed of various regions. In the area of the periostracal groove a number of subepithelial gland cell types occur; these release their products into the groove. Between the groove cells ciliated free nerve endings terminate; the corresponding perikarya occur in the subepidermal connective tissue. Also in the posterior belt region free nerve endings were observed between the epithelial cells; in addition, a particular type of subepithelial gland cell was found in this area. The epithelial cells of this part of the belt have the ultrastructural characteristics of ion and water transporting cells; they are probably involved in calcium deposition and resorption. The possible role of the free nerve endings and of the subepithelial gland cells is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Chick embryo ; Bone ; Organ culture ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary The study describes the ultrastructure of the mineralized portion of chick tibiae from 10 days in ovo to 2 days post-hatch. At 10 days a single mineralized cylinder surrounds the diaphysis. On its outer surface columnar trabeculae join to form ridges parallel to the long axis of the bone. These ridges are covered by another cylinder and form the haversian canals. At 11 days vascular invasion of the marrow cavity occurs and resorption of the endosteal surface begins. This type of periosteal deposition and endosteal resorption is repeated during and subsequent to embryonic development. The mineralized portion of 10-day chick tibiae cultured for 2 days in modified BGJ medium was compared with 10-, 11-, and 12-day tibiae in ovo. Cultured tibiae were similar in length and calcium content to 11-day tibiae in ovo. The form of mineral deposited in ovo and in culture was the same, namely, aggregates of spherical mineral clusters. Differences in culture included the following: (a) few concentric cylinders were deposited as compared with tibiae in ovo; (b) trabeculae were not arranged in rows and ridges in culture; (c) osteocytic lacunae were restricted to bases of trabeculae rather than uniformly distributed as in ovo; and (d) the endosteal surface of tibiae in culture appeared etched.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Epiphyseal chondrocytes ; Freezefracture ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Cell processes ; Membrane particles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Chondrocytes in epiphyseal cartilage were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using freeze-fracture techniques. Freeze-fracture replicas showed large numbers of fingerlike, 0.11–0.15 μm diameter, projections from the chondrocyte surface, with numerous 95–180 Å diameter intramembranous particles associated with both the cell membrane surface and these projections. With SEM, these cytoplasmic projections were also obvious, but appeared collapsed into clusters of globular-shaped projections on the surface of the chondrocytes. With freeze-fracture techniques, in which shrinkage artifacts were essentially eliminated, the cytoplasmic projections were often seen in intimate contact with the extracapsular matrix. However, with chondrocytes prepared by both SEM and conventional TEM, there was evidence of shrinkage, the cytoplasmic projections having little contact with the extracapsular matrix. These findings show that the cytoplasmic processes are not artifacts of tissue processing and provide morphological evidence in support of the hypothesis that matrix vesicles are of cellular origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Fluorosis ; Enamel ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature incineration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Sixteen 58-day-old male rats of Wistar strain, with a mean body weight of 179 g, were divided into two equal groups. Each group of eight animals was maintained for 70 days on drinking water, ad lib., containing no fluorine (control group) and 100 ppm of fluorine (experimental group). All specimens examined were obtained from the incisal portions of the incisors. The following types of enamel specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy: (1) acid-etched specimens; (2) acid-etched specimens followed by low temperature microincineration; and (3) fractured specimens. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, that is, the crystallite density in the prism core and interprismatic region was lower than that of control animals. The organic substances appeared to increase in these regions. These changes were prominent in the outer and middle enamel layers. Such changes following fluoride administration appear to indicate an inhibition of enamel maturation, that is, an inhibition of the mineral deposition and/or an inhibition of organic matrix withdrawal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 550-555 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Enamel crystals ; Length ; Shape ; Apatite ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary An original method for fractionating and preparing isolated crystals of homogeneous size was developed. It was demonstrated that enamel apatite crystals are at least 100 µm long. The flexibility of the very long crystallites was demonstrated. Crystal curvatures, accounting for the irregular course of the prisms through the enamel thickness, were visualized and measured. It was shown that in the deep forming enamel layer, lateral branches may grow out of the crystals and crystal fusing often occurs, inducing the crystallites to assume pyramidal shapes with their wide bases pointing toward the dentino-enamel junction and one or two tops toward Tomes' processes. During the maturation process, the two tops of the still immature crystals also fuse so that the mature crystals acquire a rodlike aspect, with parallel faces and steplike graduations along thec axis, allowing a close contact between the crystals. These results support the hypothesis that the crystallites would be continuous from the dentino-enamel junction to the surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 557-564 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sinus gland ; Gammarus ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sinus gland of Gammarus oceanicus, like that of other crustaceans, is composed of three elements: neurosecretory axons, glial cells and stromal sheath. Five neurosecretory axon types are identified on the basis of granule diameter, shape, and electron density, and axon matrix density. Exocytosis appears to be the major release mechanism of neurosecretory material. The preterminal regions of neurosecretory axons contain axoplasmic reticulum and neurotubules. Their arrangement in the axon and relationship with one another suggest a transport function. Multilamellar bodies are found in the terminal regions of neurosecretory axons. They arise from mitochondria and may be involved in granulolysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid follicular cells ; Basal lamina, biosynthesis ; Cellular interaction ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Porcine thyroid cells were cultured alone or in mixed cultures with mesenchymal cells. The formation of a basal lamina in vitro was investigated ultrastructurally. Follicular reassociation of thyroid cells occurred in both types of culture; however, it was followed by formation of the basal lamina only when mesenchymal cells were present. The present findings suggest an epithelial origin of the basal lamina resulting from an interaction with mesenchymal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 257-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anococcygeus muscle ; Innervation ; P-type nerves ; Purinergic nerves ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The innervation of the rat anococcygeus muscle has been investigated ultrastructurally following fixation with a modified chromaffin reaction for the demonstration of biogenic amines (Tranzer and Richards, 1976). Three types of nerve profiles were revealed: (1) 60–70 % of the profiles are adrenergic; (2) less than 5% of the profiles appear to be cholinergic; (3) up to 40% of the profiles are distinguished by the presence of a characteristically high proportion of electron-opaque, chromaffin-negative vesicles, 85–110nm in diameter. This third type of profile was not affected by 6-OHDA, and is considered to represent the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory innervation of this tissue. Because of the morphological similarity of this nerve type, apart from the smaller vesicle size, to classical peptidergic nerve endings, they have been termed “small p-type” (sp-type). These results are discussed in relation to a previous report describing only two types of nerve profiles in this tissue (Gillespie and Lüllmann-Rauch, 1974).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Germ-free mice ; Inflammation ; Macrophages ; Peritoneum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Peritoneal macrophage ultrastructure was analysed stereologically in germ-free mice given a single intraperitoneal injection of sterile, pyrogen-free saline. Thus the stimulant was non-particulate, non-antigenic and inorganic, and effects of immune reactions were minimal. Macrophages were recovered 1, 6, 24 and 72 h after stimulation. A sequence of structural alterations is reported which may be fundamental to macrophage activation. The plasma membrane and nuclear envelope increased in area within only 1 h of saline injection. During the next 5 h loss of plasma membrane, probably by pinocytosis, caused cellular “rounding” and clear-cut alteration in surface configuration. At the same time lysosome-like granules enlarged but decreased in number. By 24 h most cellular structures and compartments (including the plasma membrane) were enlarged. Morphological evidence of nuclear activation accompanied a rather modest enlargement of the nucleus at this stage. The RER hypertrophied last and must, therefore, be judged sufficient in resident macrophages to support the initial growth response which results after stimulation. Thus hypertrophy was observed eventually in every structure examined. Even the minimally activated macrophages resident in the peritoneum of germ-free mice respond readily to stimulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fertilization ; Molluscs ; Spermatozoon ; Oocyte ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural investigation of the gametes and their interaction during the early events of fertilization in molluscs has been performed. A gamete binding event involving large numbers of sperm has been identified and examined in detail. The surface of the oocyte is projected into numerous microvilli which extend through the vitelline envelope. Tufts of fibrillar material radiate from the tips of these microvilli, forming a layer external to the vitelline envelope. The acrosomal vesicle of the mature spermatozoon contains two major components, which function differently during fertilization. The vesicle is indented at its adnuclear surface, constituting a preformed acrosomal tubule. This tubule does not elongate during the acrosome reaction. Completion of the reaction results in the formation of an extracellular coat, derived from one component of the acrosomal vesicle, on the anterior surface of the sperm. Sperm-egg binding is accomplished by an association of the extracellular coat on the reacted sperm and the fibrous tufts on the tips of the microvilli of the oocyte. Evidence that gamete membrane fusion occurs by fusion of the acrosomal tubule and a microvillus is presented. These observations provide a generalized pattern of molluscan fertilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 513-524 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Haemocytes ; Insects ; Haemolymph coagulation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light and electron-microscopic observations of the blood cells (haemocytes) of the stick insect Clitumnus extradentatus in vitro showed that two morphologically distinct cell types, the cystocytes and granular cells are involved in haemolymph coagulation. Both these cell types contain a variable number of electron-dense granules which upon release cause progressive coagulation and precipitation of the haemolymph. In the cystocytes this release is extremely rapid (30–60s) while in the granular cells it only occurs after 1–2min in vitro. The role of these cells in haemostasis is discussed together with the possible significance of the involvement of two cell types in the coagulation process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 549-556 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Malpighian tubules ; Millipede ; Ultrastructure ; Tracers ; Formed bodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The electron-dense tracers ferritin, and iron-dextran, and the protein horseradish peroxidase, have been used to investigate the ultrastructural basis of permeability in the upper and lower segments of the Malpighian tubules of Glomeris marginata. All these materials were able to cross the basal lamina and enter the tubule lumen of the upper segment, and it was established that horseradish peroxidase was able to enter the channels which interrupt the apical junctions. In the upper segment, ferritin, iron-dextran, and horseradish peroxidase are all taken up and accumulated within intracellular vesicles. In the lower segment ferritin and iron-dextran enter the cells but become generally distributed over the cyptoplasm, as well as entering membrane-bounded vacuoles. The behaviour of horseradish peroxidase could not be assessed owing to the presence of endogenous peroxidase activity in the cells. After fixation by direct application of glutaraldehyde to the undissected tubules, the extracellular spaces contained large numbers of membrane-bounded vesicles. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the physiological activities of the tubules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 57-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Alcian blue ; Alcian yellow staining ; Ultrastructure ; Bulinus truncatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neurosecretory system of the freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus was investigated. With the Alcian blue-Alcian yellow (AB/AY) staining method at least 10 different types of neurosecretory cells (NSC) were distinguished in the ganglia of the central nervous system. The differences in staining properties of the NSC — with AB/AY the cells take on different shades of green and yellow — are borne out at the ultrastructural level: the NSC types contain different types of neurosecretory elementary granules. The neurosecretory system of B. truncatus is compared to that of Lymnaea stagnalis, the species which has received the most attention among the pulmonates. It appears from the comparison that the systems of both species show many similarities, although some differences are also apparent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CSF-contacting subependymal cells ; Frog hypothalamus ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Autoradiography ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Blue-green fluorescent subependymal cells with intraventricular processes were shown by the fluorescent histochemical method to be distributed from the preoptic recess to the infundibular recess of the frog hypothalamus. Electron microscopy revealed at least two types of CSF-contacting subependymal cells, type 1 containing large dense granules (about 100–200 nm in diameter) and type 2 containing small dense core vesicles (about 60–100 nm in diameter). Subsequent to fixation in permanganate solution, the small dense core vesicles in type 2 cells reacted with the fixative and consistently showed a dense content. However, the large granules in type 1 cells were mostly pale or less dense after this fixation. Two hours after intraventricular injection of 3H-dopamine, a large number of silver grains appeared only in the cytoplasm of intraventricular processes possessing dense core vesicles (type 2 cells). A few grains were also found in the perikarya. It is concluded that type 2 cells are catecholamine-storing cells. It is suggested that type 1 cells in the infundibular recess are peptidergic neurons which may secrete some hypothalamic regulating hormones of the anterior pituitary. Most of these cells in the preoptic recess belong to the neurosecretory cells of the preoptic nucleus, while some cells probably function similarly to those in the infundibular recess.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 335-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Flatworm ; Nerve-net ; Epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Synapse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In addition to a submuscular and subepithelial nerve plexus an infra-epithelial nerve-net also occurs in Notoplana acticola. It contains naked nerve cells which lie between the bases of epithelial cells. Individual neurites occur separately or in small tracts. Synapses contain clear spherical vesicles and are polarized. Post-synaptic neurites tend to be flat and ribbon-like. Rhabdite and mucus secreting cells in the epithelium have synapses associated with them. Neurites ending on the rhabdites appear to originate in the subepithelial plexus. The “sensory-free nerve endings” of earlier workers are reinterpreted as being motor terminals on epithelial secretory cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 493-504 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas ; Acinar cells ; Cell surface ; Dissociation ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pancreatic acinar cell surfaces have been studied by SEM with a dissection technique and correlated with results obtained by TEM. The SEM results demonstrate characteristic arrangement of microplicae which in some areas are densely packed. In many areas, the microplicae are distributed in such a manner that they create zones with typical geometrical shapes and show a relatively smooth surface. These smooth areas may coincide, as indicated by correlated TEM results, with the limits of intimate contact between adjacent acinar cells which, in turn, represent part of the junctional complex. Another aspect revealed by these SEM preparations concerns the presence of groups of densely packed microplicae, arranged in regular rows and distributed along some grooves and/or infoldings of the cellular surface. On the basis of SEM and TEM information, it is likely that these structures correspond to intercellular (and possibly, in some cases, intracellular) canaliculi which topographically form a kind of extensive microlabyrinthine arrangement running along all the cell sides. One final point revealed by fractured samples concerns the finding of spherical zymogen droplets within the vesicles of the Golgi complex. Because in many scanning images these vesicles appear connected by small openings, it is suggested that they may represent a system of intercommunicating chambers (vacuoles) through which the zymogen droplets can be continuously accumulated and discharged into the acinar lumen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal gland ; Graft ; Ultrastructure ; Innervation ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pineal glands were grafted under the kidney capsule of mature male rats for periods of 20, 40, 60 and 100 days. Each grafted gland was then excised and divided into two halves. One half was processed for conventional electron microscopy and the other was fixed in aldehydes and then incubated in a zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide mixture at pH 4.4 (A-ZIO-4.4). During the forty days following the operation pinealocytes showed the typical ultrastructural features associated with cells with a high protein and/or peptide secretory activity. On the other hand, during this period, the number of granular vesicles decreased progressively. From day 40 on, the grafted pinealocytes lacked granular vesicles. During the second half of the experimental period the ultrastructure of the pinealocytes indicated that their secretory activity was considerably decreased. During the acute phase of the experimental period numerous structures regarded as the tip of growing axons as well as typical nerve fibres appeared around blood vessels and within the parenchyma of the grafted gland. In the transplanted tissue obtained 60 and 100 days after the operation the growth cones were scarce, whereas typical nerve endings became numerous. These endings contained small clear vesicles which reacted positively when the tissue was treated with A-ZIO-4.4. The secretory activity of the grafted pineal gland and the nature of the nerve fibres which innervate the graft are discussed. The authors wish to thank Mrs. E.M. Rodríguez de Calderón for her valuable help
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 205-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Eye ; Retina ; Squilla mantis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the compound eye of adult specimens of Squilla mantis was investigated. The eye consists of about 3600–3700 ommatidia, each containing a dioptric apparatus formed by a lamellated corneal lens and a eucone-type crystalline cone. Each of the four cone cells give rise to a cylindrical process (crystalline thread) inserted between the retinula cells and extending down to the basement membrane. Two distal pigment cells completely encompass the distal part of the crystalline cone, becoming progressively smaller and forming roundish processes. At the level of the tip of the crystalline cone they split off into small pigment-containing processes, and a central process leads down to the basement membrane. About 12–16 proximal pigment cells surround the ommatidium and extend from the tip of the crystalline cone to the basement membrane. In addition to the two types of pigment cell, three other types of pigment-containing cells were identified, one of which possibly contains — on the basis of their ultrastructure — crystals of the respiratory pigment hemocyanin. The two other pigments are found respectively on the surface of the retina (green pigment) and beneath the surface and in the intraommatidial space (white pigment). The distal part of each ommatidium consists of retinula cells of about equal size. Further proximal an 8th small retinula cell is encountered. The fused, centrally located rhabdom, is built up of the microvilli (rhabdomeres) of the 7 large retinula cells, the 8th has no microvilli. The structure of the ommatidia was also examined in relation to light-dark adapted conditions (LA-DA). In DA the crystalline cone shortens and the rhabdom becomes longer by an approximately corresponding amount and the pigments of the distal pigment cells expand more distally. The number and type of special cytoplasmic inclusions, as well as the shape and size of the socalled perirhabdomal vacuoles, seems not to be changed by light or dark-adaptation. In the 7 large retinula cells, an unusual migration of pigment granules occurs under DA conditions (the 8th does not contain pigment granules). In DA, many of granules which are distributed around the rhabdom in LA, line up in rows, like strings of pearls, along the rhabdom, forming a dense pigment coat around it. The findings are compared with those of related studies and their functional implications for the vision of Squilla are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 361-371 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Corpus luteum ; Gerbil (Meriones) ; Pregnancy ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Corpora lutea from gerbils on days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 of pregnancy were studied electron microscopically. Similarly, luteal tissue from animals on the day of parturition and one day postpartum was studied (gestation: 24 days ± 8–24h). Agranular endoplasmic reticulum increases in quantity through day 16 and thereafter is somewhat reduced. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and a population of small granules (type I) become abundant during late pregnancy and their possible role in the production and storage of relaxin is discussed. Luteal tissue undergoes a relatively rapid regression which begins on the day of parturition. Conspicuous in the regressing luteal tissue are large (type II) granules (possibly lysosomes), lipid droplets, leucocytic elements and macrophages. Functional correlates of these morphological findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 105-121 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human placenta ; Villous stroma ; Fixed stromal cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In human placental villi the connective tissue is constructed by mesenchymal cells, small and large reticulum cells and fibroblasts. During early pregnancy mesenchymal cells dominate; starting with the third month of gestation the reticulum cells are in the majority within the terminal villi, the fibroblasts within the stem villi. Ultrastructurally intermediary types of cells can be differentiated. Together with reticular and collagenous fibres the reticulum cells form the basic architecture of the villous stroma during the first 2/3 of gestation: the “reticular type of stroma”. This consists of a network of cells and fibres with fetal vessels fitted in between. The remaining interspaces form a fluid system of compartments in which Hofbauer cells are suspended. They are called stromal channels. During the last trimester these channels and the Hofbauer cells as well are progressively replaced either by voluminous masses of fibres (“fibrous type of stroma”, mainly in the stem villi) or by sinusoidal enlargements of fetal capillaries (“sinusoidal type of stroma”, mainly in the terminal villi).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 181-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Accessory outer segment ; Photoreceptors ; Poecilia reticulata P. ; Ultrastructure ; Microtubules
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the accessory outer segment (AOS) — a ciliumlike structure emanating from the inner segment and running alongside the outer segment of photoreceptors — is described. The AOS occurs in both rods and cones of Poecilia reticulata. Its ultrastructure, including the arrangement of microtubules, which originate from the ciliary stalk, is the same in rods and cones. The cone-AOS is connected with the outer segment by a thin plasmabridge, whereas the rod-AOS lies embedded within the outer segment. The outer segment of the cone, in contrast to that of the rod, is separated from the pigment epithelium by a large extracellular space. An intimate contact, however, is secured by the AOS; its membrane is closely appositioned to the pigment epithelium membrane. The functional significance of the AOS and its possible occurrence in other vertebrate classes, are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 215-219 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Aedes aegypti ; Midgut epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Starvation ; Sugar diet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Nach einer Hungerperiode von 5 bzw. 8 Tagen ist die Ultrastruktur der Epithelzellen im hinteren Abschnitt des Mitteldarmes weiblicher A. aegypti teilweise verändert. So wird beispielsweise eine drastische Reduktion des rauhen endoplasmischen Retikulum (rer) gemessen, das für die Synthese der Enzyme zur Blutverdauung verantwortlich ist. Einen ähnlichen Einfluß auf das rer hat eine gleich lang dauernde Fütterung der Mücken mit Zuckerwasser.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the epithelial cells in the posterior part of the midgut in female Aedes aegypti was partly changed after starvation periods of 5 or 8 days. Most obvious is a drastic reduction of the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer), which is responsible for the synthesis of enzymes for blood digestion. A similar influence on rer membranes is to be observed in mosquitoes fed on sucrose solution only, without additional blood meals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insects ; Mid-gut ; Aging ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the mid-gut cells of aged female Nasonia vitripennis is described. The mid-gut is a shrunken and distorted organ in the aged animal. The individual cells are highly disorganised and the organelle components are altered. The small lipid droplets formed in the apical cell region do not coalesce to form the large central lipid inclusions characteristic of the young animal. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is reduced and some of the mitochondria enlarge. The mid- and apical cell regions also contain large numbers of cytolysosomes. The basal cell region is essentially unchanged, but the channels formed by the infolded basal plasma membranes are dilated. The changes observed are discussed in relation to previous observations on other insect species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Third ventricle ; Mature monkeys ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Ependyma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Surface features of the ependymal lining of the third ventricle in mature male and female monkeys have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Broad aspects of third ventricular morphology from three species of monkey are similar regardless of sex. The lateral walls are heavily ciliated whereas the ventral floor and most ventral parts of the lateral walls are not. Clumps of cilia on the lateral walls are so dense that underlying surface details are usually obscured. There is a transition zone between the ciliated lateral wall and nonciliated ventral floor. The floor and lower part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle exhibit a characteristic polygonal pattern upon which surface specializations such as microvilli, blebs and polymorphous membrane protrusions are superimposed. Ependyma of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle also display membrane specializations. Supraependymal cells are more visible in nonciliated regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 291-298 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Excitatory synapse ; Lateral line-canal organ ; Synaptic body ; Ultrastructure ; Lota lota (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the afferent synapse in hair cells of the lateral line-canal organ was studied using different fixation and staining techniques. Glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue without post-osmication, contrasted by section staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, was compared with (a) osmium tetroxide-fixed tissue followed by the same staining procedure, and with (b) glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue, block-impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PTA). The results reveal a pronounced heterogeneity in the composition of the synaptic body, reflecting regional differences in chemical affinity to the fixatives and staining agents. It is proposed that the “intracleft substance”, the synaptic structure defined by the PTA staining technique, is actually due to the glutaraldehyde fixation procedure and is apparently the outer leaflet of the postsynaptic membrane. A special technique that allows alternate sections of a series to be differentially stained for electron microscopy is proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Steroid synthesizing cells ; Steroidogenesis ; Ovary ; Ultrastructure ; Echinodermata, Asterias rubens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of cells showing characteristic features of steroid producing cells in the ovaries of the starfish, Asterias rubens, is described. The correlation between the appearance of these cells and steroid biosynthesis in ovarian tissue of A. rubens is discussed. The importance of the discovery of these cells in view of the biosynthesis of steroids and the phylogeny of Echinodermata is mentioned.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 299-310 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver ; Bile duct ligation (rat) ; Cell membrane ; Intercellular junctions ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of bile duct ligation on the intercellular junctions of hepatocytes was investigated. The features and the arrangement of the bile canaliculi and the zonulae occludentes alter concomitant to the increase of the intracanalicular pressure. The lumen of the bile canaliculi enlarges and the microvilli disappear. The array of the zonulae occludentes becomes irregularly shaped, the number of strands diminishes and interruptions of the strands occur. With peroxidase a leakage in the bile-blood barrier is detected. Furthermore a disappearance of gap junctions between the hepatocytes after bile duct ligation is observed. The present investigation shows that the zonulae occludentes are mobile structures which are changed by increased unilateral pressure. Due to their ultrastructural alterations, a leakage of the permeability barrier between physiological compartments is found. We acknowledge the helpful criticism and discussion of Prof. H.D. Fahimi. We are indebted to Mrs. B. Brühl, M. Bürkle and Ch. Walenta for technical assistance, and to stud. med. Jon Greenberg for preparing the manuscript
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 327-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Mandibular glands ; Kalotermes ; Polymorphism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les glandes mandibulaires de Calotermes sont étudiées dans les différentes castes. Elles présentent un dimorphisme sexuel chez les soldats et les sexués. Après la mue imaginale, les cellules glandulaires ont toujours une activité sécrétrice. De plus, chez les soldats femelles et les reines, elles contiennent de nombreuses formations cristallines d'origine mitochondriale. Le rôle de ces glandes (sécrétion de salive ou de phéromone) est discuté.
    Notizen: Summary The mandibular glands of Kalotermes were examined in different castes. They showed sexual dimorphism in the soldiers and primary reproductives. Moreover, in female soldiers and queens, mandibular gland cells contained numerous crystalline structures of mitochondrial origin. The role of these glands (secretion of saliva or pheromone) is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lizard ; Eye ; Conus papillaris ; Capillaries ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The conus papillaris of Ophisaurus apodus consists of blood vessels and pigment cells. The capillary walls are formed by endothelial cells, scarce pericytes and basal laminae. The cell bodies are attenuated and the plasmalemma of their luminal and abluminal surfaces forms microvilli. The perivascular space is well developed, containing nerve fibers and their terminals. Similar localization and ultrastructure of avian pecten oculi and lacertilian conus papillaris suggest homology of these structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1977), S. 523-539 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sponge ; Gray cell ; Glycogen ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The gray cells of four orders of demosponges contain basophilic inclusions and glycogen. They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema). They do not occur in larvae; but all the phases of their differentiation from the flagellar cells of the larva have been demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular synapse ; Crustacean ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Physiological and ultrastructural studies were made of neuromuscular synapses in stomach muscles, especially two gastric mill muscles of the blue crab innervated by neurons of the stomatogastric ganglion. These muscles depolarized and contracted with application of glutamate, but not acetylcholine, whereas the dorsal dilator muscles of the pyloric region depolarized and contracted in acetylcholine, but not in glutamate. Large excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) of 5–20 mV were recorded in the gastric mill muscles. At low frequencies of activation, individual synapses released on average about 2 quanta of transmitter for each nerve impulse. Facilitation of EPSP's after a single nerve impulse could be detected for at least 10 s. Synapses were found on enlarged terminals of the motor axon; their contact areas ranged from 0.2 μm2 up to 3 μm2. Both electron-lucent, round synaptic vesicles and dense-cored vesicles occurred near these synapses. A possible correlation between contact area of a synapse and output of transmitter, is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1977), S. 541-549 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Blood vessels ; High voltage electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The luminal surface features and Junctional complexes from developing blood vessels in the rat central nervous system have been studied by high-voltage electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Developing blood vessels exhibit three types of luminal projections; marginal folds or ridges at Junctional complexes, ridges not at Junctional complexes and microvilli. Both types of ridges are associated with troughs or depressions in the luminal surface of the endothelial cell. Those ridges not associated with Junctional complexes take part in the production of enclosed tunnels in the endothelial cell cytoplasm. Fusion of the external leaflets of Junctional complexes between adjacent endothelial cells occurred, initially, near the luminal surface of the blood vessel with other small fusion sites forming in the direction of the basal lamina secondarily. Further fusion activity to produce the zonula occludens type junction appeared to spread outwards from the smaller fusion sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insects ; Nasonia vitripennis ; Mid-gut ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the mid-gut cells of female Nasonia vitripennis is described. The mid-gut consists of a uniform, single-cell epithelium. The cells of different gut regions were analysed using morphometric techniques in order to determine any differences in the components. The structure of the cells is described in the unfed animal, and after varying periods of feeding on host body-fluids. Tissues were sampled after 12 h and 24 h of feeding on host body-fluids and after 24 h feeding/24 h starvation. The cells were found to be complex and contain an organelle component that allows solute-transport and extensive lipid synthesis. A limited cytochemical analysis involving the lysosomal marker enzyme-acid phosphatase — and the respiratory enzyme — cytochrome oxidase was carried out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Reptilian scales ; Receptors ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In gekkonids, the scales bordering the toes or the adjacent tissue possess subepidermal and intraepithelial receptors in addition to setae-bearing organs. The position of subepidermal lamellated corpuscles seems to be correlated with the size of the species. The larger the adult animal the more frequently is this type of receptor found laterally in the toe. This can be explained in connection with the vibration-sensitive function of lamellated receptors. Intraepithelial axon terminals were found close to the setae-bearing sensilla in one species only. They are surrounded by numerous tonofibrils and may function as receptors for mechanical (pressure-) stimuli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 459-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Exocrine pancreas ; Isolated cells ; Cell membrane ; Tight junctions ; Gap junctions ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the cell membrane and intercellular junctions was studied after isolation of exocrine pancreatic cells by tryptic digestion and mechanical treatment. The number and distribution of membrane associated particles does not change significantly when acinar cells in situ are compared to those after the isolation procedure. However, intercellular junctions undergo distinct alterations. Gap junctions in normal pancreatic cells are macular in shape and localized at the lateral parts of the cell membrane. In isolated acinar cells gap junctions are irregularly shaped, more extended, and frequently associated with tight junctions. Tight junctions form belt-like structures which are found to persist after isolation but subsequently become elongated and interrupted. Thus extensive macular areas of tight junctions develop. Further, the strands on the P-face and the grooves on the E-face of freeze-fracture replicas change in array, dissociate, and become loosely packed on large membrane areas. The present investigation shows that the intramembranous proteins of tight and gap junctions are mobile structures within the fluid membrane. The shape of their array is dependent on the form of the intercellular contact zone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 73-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Atrioventricular node ; Rat ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The problem of development of the innervation of the rat atrioventricular node has been investigated by electron microscopy. Nerve bundles appear in relation to the node as early as the second postnatal day and vesiculated axons are seen throughout the entire node by the fourth day. Intimate contacts between nodal cells, axons and terminal varicosities are frequently observed. Use of the 5-hydroxydopamine tracer technique has enabled the identification of both cholinergic and adrenergic axons. It is concluded that the node has a dual innervation although cholinergic endings far outnumber those classified as adrenergic on the sixth postnatal day. These results are quite different to earlier findings made at the light microscope level and the discrepancies are discussed with respect to the histochemical techniques used. The suggestion that nodal differentiation is induced by nerves is considered in relation to the differences in cholinesterase activity exhibited by nodal cells during normal development and following neonatal sympathectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 193-203 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mosquitoes ; Midgut ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Morphometrische Untersuchungen des Magenepithels von A. aegypti weisen darauf hin, daß die Verdauung des ersten Blutmahls in eine Reihe von Phasen gegliedert werden kann, die sich mit physiologischen Daten aus der Literatur korrelieren lassen. In einer Phase Ia (0–10 h nach Blutmahl [BM]) entfalten sich die “whorls” des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums, die Golgi-Zonen werden größer, und das basale Labyrinth wird erweitert. Dies stimmt mit Synthese- und Sekretionsprozessen (z.B. peritrophische Membran, Esterasen, Lipasen) und mit Transportvorgängen durch das Magenepithel überein. In Phase Ib (10–20 h nach BM) nehmen die gemessenen zellulären Parameter weiter zu und weisen damit auf hohe Synthese- und Sekretionsaktivitäten (z.B. Verdauungsenzyme) hin. In Phase Ic (20–30 h nach BM) zeigen die an Synthese und Sekretion beteiligten Zellstrukturen, in Übereinstimmung mit der maximalen Proteasenaktivität im Darm, immer noch hohe Werte. Vergrößerte Mikrovillioberfläche, auffallende Lipideinschlüsse und Auftreten von Glykogendepots im Magenepithel deuten auf erhöhte Resorptions-, Speicher- und Transportfunktionen der Zellen hin. In Phase II (30–36 h nach BM) läßt sich anhand der strukturellen Veränderungen der Wechsel von Synthese- und Sekretionvorgängen zu Resorption, teilweiser Speicherung und Transport von Verdauungsprodukten erkennen. In Phase III (36–72 h nach BM) wird der Zellapparat in Übereinstimmung mit dem Ende der Verdauung reduziert. Lipid- und Glykogendepots werden mobilisiert und verschwinden fast vollständig aus den Magenepithelzellen.
    Notizen: Summary Morphometric analysis of the epithelial lining of the stomach of A. aegypti suggests that digestion of the first blood meal in the stomach of this species can be viewed as a series of phases that can be correlated with physiological data from the literature. In phase Ia (0–10 h after blood meal [abm]) the whorls of the rough endoplasmic reticulum unfold, the Golgi zones increase, and the basal labyrinth is enlarged. This coincides with processes of synthesis and secretion (e.g., peritrophic membrane, esterases and lipases) and transport by the stomach epithelium. In phase Ib (10–20 habm) the cellular parameters measured further increase, indicating high synthetic and secretory activities (e.g., digestive enzymes). In phase Ic (20–30 habm) cell structures involved in synthesis and secretion still exhibit high values coinciding with maximal activity of proteases in the gut. Enhanced surface area of microvilli, prominent lipid inclusions, and appearance of glycogen deposits in the gut epithelium suggest increased absorption, storage, and transport functions of the stomach cells. In phase II (30–36 habm) structural alteration points to a gradual shift from synthesis and secretion to absorption, partial storage, and transport of nutrients. In phase III (36–72 habm) the cellular apparatus is reduced concomitant with the ending of the digestive cycle. Lipid inclusions and glycogen deposits disappear from the stomach epithelum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 409-423 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human placenta ; Classification of villi ; Histology ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The classification of human placental villi was reviewed on the basis of material prepared by means of special methods. The material from in situ normal-term placentae was biopsied by aspiration into glutaraldehyde. The classification was made on the basis of light-microscopic observations of semithin sections, reconstructions from serial sections, and scanning-electron micrographs. The peripheral villous tree is roughly divided into stem (ramuli), intermediate and terminal villi. The intermediate villi may be further subdivided as mature and immature types, which are found between the stem and terminal villi. Some of the terminal villi possess a local specialization described as the neck region. The histological characteristics and the branching pattern of each type are described, and the basis of the proposed classification is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 61-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Organ of Bellonci ; Sensory organ ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure ; Crustacea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le pédoncule qui rattache l'organe de Bellonci des Isopodes au cerveau des Crustacés, a été étudié chez Sphaeroma serratum et Anilocra frontalis. Ce pédoncule se transforme progressivement, vers le cerveau, en un tractus ayant l'aspect d'un nerf. Il est alors formé par les pédicules issus du corps des cellules sensorielles de l'organe de Bellonci. Il se termine, au niveau de la medulla interne, par une zone d'aspect alvéolaire formée par les terminaisons dilatées des pédicules sensoriels. The authors are greatly indebted to Prof. J.J. Legrand, Director of the E.R.A. 230, Poitiers, France, for his support and critical reading of the manuscript We also thank Mrs C. Besse for her technical assistance, Mr. T. Bauvais and A. Martin, for photographic help, and Miss D. Decourt for typing the manuscript A ce niveau, trois types de connections ont pu être observés. Un premier est charactérisé par des synapses afférentes au cerveau avec, dans les terminaisons des pédicules sensoriels, des structures comparables aux rubans présynaptiques décrits par certains auteurs dans des photorécepteurs d'Arthropodes. Deux autres types comportent des fibres issues du cerveau, les unes avec de petites vésicules à contenu clair, les autres avec des vésicules plus grandes et à contenu moyennement dense aux électrons, fibres donnant des synapses efférentes aux cerveau avec l'organe de Bellonci. La fonction sensorielle de l'organe de Bellonci est confirmée sans que le rôle de l'organe puisse être précisé.
    Notizen: Summary The peduncle linking the organ of Bellonci with the brain was examined in Sphaeroma serratum and Anilocra frontalis. This peduncle, in its extension to the brain, becomes a nerve-like tract with bundles of pedicles originating from the sensory cell bodies located in the organ of Bellonci. It ends at the level of the medulla interna in an alveolar region resulting from the swelling of the sensory pedicle terminations. At this level three types of connections have been observed. The first is characterized by afferent synapses to the brain with, in the sensory pedicle endings, structures similar to the presynaptic ribbons noted by some authors in photoreceptors of arthropods. The two other types include nerve fibres originating from the brain, one with small electron lucent vesicles, a second displaying larger vesicles with a core of medium density. These fibres form efferent synapses to the organ of Bellonci. The sensory differentiation of the organ of Bellonci in Isopoda is confirmed but its true role is not specified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Photoreceptor ; Arthropod ; Spider ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The anteromedial eye of the web-building spider, Argiope amoena has been examined with light and electron microscopy. The eye consists of a cornea, a lens, a vitreous body and a retina. The retina contains 400 to 500 bipolar photoreceptor cells and pigment cells which envelop the receptor cells. Microvilli extend laterally from the distal process of each receptor cell beneath the vitreous body. The microvilli interdigitate with those from neighboring processes to form rhabdoms. Multivesicular bodies occur in the rhabdomeric portion, and in an intermediate segment, between the rhabdomeric portion and the receptor cell body, are found mixed lamellar vesicular bodies and lamellar bodies. A single axon extends from the receptor cell. The site of origin of the axon from the cell varies depending on the location of the cell in the retina. The axon originates on the intermediate segment, or on the lateral surface or proximal end of the cell body. The axons join together in the postero-dorsal region of the eye and then extend to the first optic glomerulus as an ocellar nerve of about 3 mm in length. The pigment cells, whose cell bodies lie among those of the receptor cells or the axons, possess cytoplasmic prolongations which reach up to the vitreous body.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 133-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Innervation ; Fetal rat islets ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fetal rat pancreas, explanted at 18 days of gestation and cultured up to ten days, contains numerous acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons. These nerves usually appear in small ganglia although single nerve cells are encountered. The axons of these intrapancreatic nerves appear to terminate only in the islet tissue and not on any exocrine components of the expiant. It is concluded that the fetal rat pancreas contains an islet-specific group of cholinergic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Uroloncha domestica (Aves, Passeriformes) ; Photoreceptor-like cells ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the pineal organ of the lovebird, Uroloncha domestica, bulbous, cup-shaped and elongated outer segments of photoreceptor-like pinealocytes are demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. These scarce outer segments, 4–11 μm in length, extend into the pineal lumen. The present structural observations speak in favor of photosensitive pinealocytes in the pineal organ of Uroloncha domestica. The relation of the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes to acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve cells and a nervous connection between the pineal and the brain indicate that the pineal organ of this passeriform species may be the site of neuroendocrine and photoreceptive functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 247-251 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Coxal organs ; Water transport ; Geophilomorpha ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The organs terminating at the coxal pores of the tug-legs of Geophilomorpha are not repugnatorial glands, but possess typical transport epithelia with deep apical and basal infoldings of the cell membranes, between which numerous large mitochondria are located. Many transport vesicles are found in the basal region but fewer in the apical cytoplasm. The apex is characterized by bundles of longitudinally oriented microtubules, sparse endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. Single neurosecretory axons with synaptoid areas are scattered among the cells. It is suggested that the coxal organs have a diuretic function in moist habitats and an antidiuretic effect in arid environments. The “switch-over” is evidently controlled by a neuroendocrine mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Annulate lamellae ; Spermatogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic examination of normal human testicular tissue revealed annulate lamellae (AL) in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes and spermatids. AL of primary spermatocytes are encountered in the perinuclear region, parallel to the nuclear envelope and form single or multiple membranous profiles containing numerous annuli (500–600 Å in diameter) frequently associated with a fibrillar electron dense material. Spermatids contain numerous layers of AL either continuous with the nuclear envelope and caudal to the acrosome or peripherally positioned in the cytoplasm. Individual lamellae possess terminal dilations and display continuities with the endoplasmic reticulum. The interlamellar space in spermatid AL is entirely filled with a fine granular electron dense material. Additionally, the break-down of AL in spermatozoan residual bodies is indicated by a dilation of AL cisternae to form vacuoles following the dissolution of pore complexes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1977), S. 499-522 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle ; Audition ; Ultrastructure ; Amphibian ; Evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study characterizes the fine structure of the “opercularis” muscles of selected frogs and salamanders (Genera: Hyla; Desmognathus; Ambystoma). The “opercularis” muscle originates on the shoulder girdle and inserts on the opercular plate in the fenestra ovalis of the otic capsule. Each of the three genera used exhibits one of the major gross dispositions of this muscle found in amphibians. In each case the “opercularis” muscle contains large numbers of tonic fibers: 80% in Hyla; 90% in Desmognathus; 45% in Ambystoma. These fibers correspond to the class-5 tonic fibers of Smith and Ovalle (1973). The remainder of the fibers in the “opercularis” correspond to those in the class-3 “phasic” of Smith and Ovalle. The muscle from which the “opercularis” is derived (levator scapulae in Hyla, cucullaris in Desmognathus) is comprised of fibers which correspond to the class-2 phasic fibers of Smith and Ovalle. The fiber composition of the “opercularis” indicates that it is constructed to sustain contraction over long periods of time. This composition is supportive of the functional role in audition proposed for the muscle by Lombard and Straughan (1974). Evidence is presented that indicates that fiber size may be body size dependent and thus is an inappropriate criterion of fiber type identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1977), S. 551-562 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nerve plexus ; Vesicles ; Nerve cell bodies ; Ultrastructure ; Echinoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The basiepithelial nerve plexus of the Echinoid, Centrostephanus longispinus, contains strands of nerve fibres, which measure between 0.1 and 2.0 μm in diameter. Nonciliated epithelial supporting cells do not contribute to the plexus. Within the fibres different vesicular inclusions are found. By means of serial sectioning the structure of multipolar cell bodies within the plexus could be demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glycogen ; Pyloric gland ; Ascidian ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pyloric gland of Styela clava contains large glycogen deposits that are digested by treatment with alpha amylase and depleted by 15 days starvation. The deposits are surrounded by cytoplasmic regions containing smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The cells also have rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi cisterns, lysosomes, microvilli, cilia, and lateral infoldings of the plasma membrane. The fine structure of the pyloric cells and the position of tubules between the absorptive epithelium and general circulation suggest that the gland functions as the vertebrate liver in carbohydrate metabolism. The pyloric cells of Styela do not appear to be excretory in a ‘renal’ sense, since there is no infolding of the basal plasmalemma and mitochondria are usually associated only with the glycogen deposits. However, a hepatic-like excretory role is consistent with current findings. In light of the phylogenic affinities of vertebrates and ascidians, it is possible that the pyloric gland is homologous to the liver.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 247-262 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oogenesis ; Vitelline membrane ; Locusta migratoria ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic studies on developing follicles of Locusta migratoria show the vitelline membrane to be composed of two ultrastructurally distinguishable components: The vitelline membrane bodies (VMBs) and, in addition, fine granular material, cementing the VMBs together. VMBs form first in the oocyte-near zone within the oocyte-follicle cell space. Subsequently, the second vitelline membrane substance is secreted between the VMBs through apical protrusions of the follicle cells. The possible origin of the VMBs is discussed. Yolk uptake in Locusta seems to occur predominantly by pinocytosis. During oocyte development the oocyte membrane is enlarged by numerous microvilli and folds. In addition pinocytotic vesicles are pinched off. It is supposed that the latter loose their coat and eventually transform into large proteid yolk spheres.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 309-318 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ascidian ; Gut ; Cell involution ; Ultrastructure ; Phagocytes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Degenerative changes in the digestive tract of zooids of Botryllus schlosseri were studied by light and electron microscopy. Three main processes occurred in the tissues: contraction, involution and phagocytosis. The contraction of epidermis and peribranchial epithelium in which cytoplasmic microfilaments probably participate, seemed to have a special role in compressing the underlying organs. During contraction most of the body cavities collapsed, the branchial walls disintegrated and the fragments were rapidly taken up by large phagocytes. The gut epithelium retained its apparent continuity longer, though isolated phagocytes infiltrated it to eliminate single cells. Cell degeneration came about chiefly either through swelling and lysis of cells or through loss of water and condensation of cytoplasm and nucleus. The fate of all regressed tissues was to be engulfed and digested by wandering phagocytes. However, it was also observed that numerous cells of different epithelia could act as fixed phagocytes by engulfing cell debris and entire cells into heterophagic vacuoles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 347-356 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Blastocyst ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Between days 8 and 11 of pregnancy spherical blastocysts from 0.3 to 10 mm in diameter were flushed from the uterine horns of Dutch Landrace pigs. A description of their ultrastructure is given, and the uptake of horseradish peroxidase and ferritin is demonstrated. The ultrastructure of the trophoblast was similar at all ages studied. The trophoblast which has many apical microvilli is able to take up and digest the macromolecules which were offered in the in vitro incubation medium. The hypoblast consists of flattened cells. In blastocysts 2 mm and larger, compact cells bearing microvilli are found below the embryoblast. Cell organelles indicating protein synthesis are found within hypoblast cells of such blastocysts. In the embryoblast, local concentrations of cell organelles are visible, indicating that differentiation has started. After the disappearance of Rauber's layer, which takes place when the blastocyst reaches a diameter of about 2 mm, superficial embryoblast cells develop short microvilli. The cells do not absorb ferritin or peroxidase but are dependent on the trophoblast for their food requirements. All cell layers in the blastocyst contain mitochondria that have characteristics of those found in steroidproducing cells. The significance of the uptake and digestion of macromolecules by trophoblast cells, the synthesis of protein by hypoblast cells and the possible synthesis of steroids is discussed with respect to the relationship between the cell layers of the blastocyst and in the context of conceptomaternal relationships.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 373-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ventral cochlear nucleus ; Calyceal processes ; Flattened synaptic vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometric study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In this paper we report the appearance of flat vesicle-containing endings in aldehyde-fixed ventral cochlear nucleus of rats with qualitative and quantitative properties suggesting they should be identified as calyceal processes. Their synaptic vesicles are elongate and significantly smaller than the vesicles in the calyces of Lenn and Reese (1966). Therefore these endings are flat vesicular calyceal processes, possibly of inhibitory function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 411-426 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intermediate lobe ; Hypophysis ; Ultrastructure ; Colour change ; Control mechanisms ; Anolis carolinensis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis was studied in Anolis carolinensis with the use of a threefold aldehyde fixative. Lizards with a brown skin were selected. The possibility of two types of secretory cells is discussed; neither cell type is innervated. Type I cells are rarely found and contain dense granules approximately 0.3 μm in diameter; Type II cells vary widely in secretory activity. Most of the Type II cells contain a large number of dense secretory granules (up to about 1.3 μm in diameter) almost filling the cytoplasm. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are poorly developed. Only some of these cells show signs suggesting a high secretory activity, namely a well developed RER, Golgi apparatus and numerous mitochondria. In these cells the RER sometimes forms large intracisternal droplets (up to 7 μm in diameter). Two of the animals exhibited a more uniform, high secretory activity. Large (about 2 μm in diameter), pale vacuoles, probably of extracellular character, were found mostly in the vicinity of the perivascular septum. Their role in the release of MSH is discussed. The present data, which are discussed with reference to earlier findings (Forbes, 1972), form the morphological basis for an experimental study on regulation of MSH release (Larsson et al., 1979).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 455-463 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular synapses ; Presynaptic density ; Ultrastructure ; Serial sections ; Crustaceans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Representative examples of lowand high-output neuromuscular synapses between motoneuron and distal accessory flexor muscle of the lobster were selected on the basis of their mean quantal content, and subsequently analysed by serial section electron microscopy. The high-output terminal has twice as many synapses as the low-output terminal. However, since the mean surface area of synapses is significantly smaller in the high-output terminal than in the low-output one, the total synaptic surface area between the two types of terminals is similar. Also, though the high-output terminal possesses a greater number of presynaptic dense bodies than its low-output counterpart, the mean number per synapse is similar for the two terminals. The terminals, however, differ significantly in the size of their dense bodies. Thus both the mean and total surface area of these bodies is greater in the high-output terminal than in the low-output one. Moreover, the mean ratio of dense body area to synaptic area is significantly greater for the high-output terminal than for its low-output counterpart. This difference in dense body area parallels the difference in quantal content of synaptic transmission between the lowand high-output terminals and supports the hypothesis that presynaptic densities represent the ultrastructural correlates of transmitter mobilization and/or release.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 365-372 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skeletal muscles ; Myofibrils ; Ultrastructure ; Exertion ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of muscle fibres from m. vastus lateralis of nine healthy males (mean age 26 years) was investigated. Four individuals constituted non-exercised controls while five subjects participated in a two-months eccentric muscular training program. Specimens from the controls showed a well-preserved, regular myofibrillar band pattern while changes in the myofibrillar architecture were constantly found in specimens taken after the training program. These changes consisted of Z-band alterations, Z-bands being out of register, extra sarcomeres, Z-band extensions and bisected Z-bands. Between the separated Z-band halves, thin and thick myofilaments as well as abundant glycogen particles and/or ribosomes, were observed. Type-2 (fast-twitch) fibres were predominantly affected. Contrary to the controls the trained individuals constantly showed a greater variation in sarcomere lengths in Type-2 fibres than in Type-1 fibres. It is concluded that muscular work of high tension can induce fine-structural alterations. When repeated over a long period of time, extreme tension demands seem to initiate reorganization in the muscle fibres, predominantly in the, ultrastructurally defined, Type-2 fibres. This adaptation probably results in a better stretchability of the muscle fibres, reduces the risk for mechanical damage and brings about an optimal overlap between actin and myosin filaments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Salamander, Amphiuma ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Volume: surface area ratio
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural and stereological examination was performed on stomach smooth muscle of the salamander Amphiuma. This tissue has very large cells, ranging up to 12×1500 μm when relaxed. The extracellular space is 31% of the tissue volume, and the tissue contains 84.6% water. These values are similar to those of other amphibian and mammalian gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The cells possess the usual smooth muscle organelles. Thick, thin and intermediate filaments are present, along with membrane-associated and cytoplasmic dense regions. There is a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum and many microtubules. Caveolae are found in rows along the cellular surface; the caveolae increase the cellular surface area by about 70%. The ratio mean volume: surface area of the cells is 1.26 μm. This tissue appears to be typical of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, with the exception of the very large size of the cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 483-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland ; Rat ; Luteotroph cells ; Pimozide ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of pimozide, a dopamine receptor-blocking agent, were studied in the pars distalis of the rat. The animals received 100μg/100 g pimozide daily for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. Pimozide induces striking ultrastructural changes after 5 days of treatment. The number of luteotroph (LTH) cells is significantly increased; they display characteristics of stimulation. The extrusion of granules into the intercellular space via exocytosis is frequently observed. The intercellular spaces are highly dilated, forming a lacunar system filled with an amorphous material, erythrocytes and involuted LTH cells. Transitional stages in the process of involution are observed in LTH cells. Luteotroph cells also form a syncytium. Twenty days after treatment the abovedescribed changes decrease in magnitude. The present findings suggest that pimozide stimulates the mechanism of synthesis and release in the luteotroph cells, an effect that is less evident with longer treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 519-528 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Filum terminale ; Spinal cord ; Glial cells ; Ultrastructure ; Frog (Rana pipiens)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The filum terminale, or terminal portion of the spinal cord, was studied in normal adult frogs (Rana pipiens) by means of light and electron microscopy. Astroglial cells are the predominant elements in this region. The rostral portion of the filum terminale consists mainly of (1) a peripheral dense ring of myelinated and some unmyelinated nerve fibers, and processes of astrocytes terminating at the subpial space; (2) an intermediate zone, in which astrocytes are the main cellular elements in addition to a few degenerated neurons; and (3) a central region where the central canal is lined by dark and light ependymal cells. In the caudal portion of the filum terminale, the amount of neuropil is greatly reduced. This region is formed mainly by astrocytic glial cells and very few neuronal elements. The central canal in the caudal portion is located ventrally and contains a lining consisting almost exclusively of dark ependymal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pars distalis ; Graft ; Ultrastructure ; Prolactin ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intact female rats received transplants of two hypophysial partes distales under the kidney capsule. The plasma levels of prolactin were determined, and the ultrastructure of the grafted gland was studied 15, 45 and 90 days after the operation. Although prolactin levels in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control rats, a decrease in prolactin level was detected in the 45-day samples. Parallel ultrastructural changes suggest that between the 45th and 90th postoperative day a process is initiated leading to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of prolactotrophs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 619-628 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gastrotricha, freshwater ; Sperm, reduced ; Ultrastructure ; Spermatogenesis ; Temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Lepidodermella squammata are confined to the postparthenogenic phase of the life cycle and coincide with developmental changes in the bilateral female gonads. Male stages are bilateral but asynchronous, in the lateral abdomen anterior to the female gonads. Maximum observed sperm production is two packets per side, or 64 sperm. Sperm formation occurs more rapidly at 27° C than at 20° C (p〈0.001), requiring as little as 1 day. Two spermatogonial mitotic divisions produce a clone of four primary spermatocytes connected by bridges (stage 1). Centrioles are absent. Development occurs within a cyst. Meiotic divisions produce 16 spermatids (stage 2), each containing a dense, elongate, tapered nucleus. Cytoplasmic membranes enclose one end of the nuclear rod, excluding all other organelles. Completion of this process results in stage 3, a packet of 16 sperm associated with one dense sphere, a modified ‘residual body’ containing cytoplasmic debris. The residual body then disappears, leaving the sperm packet of stage 4. Each mature sperm is a dense nuclear rod with surrounding membranes, lacking acrosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, and flagellum. Function of sperm has not been demonstrated. The spermatozoa are of a reduced type not previously described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 629-636 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocytes, primary ; Gastrotricha, freshwater ; Ultrastructure ; Synaptonemal complex ; X-body
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Six small cells are present in each of the bilateral gonads of parthenogenically reproductive Lepidodermella squammata. Early in the extended postparthenogenic phase of the life history, these cells undergo limited proliferation followed by differentiation. Primary oocytes of three types are present 0.3 days after deposition of the final parthenogenic egg: small oocytes with presynaptic nuclei; intermediate oocytes with nuclei containing synaptonemal complexes; and larger oocytes with a germinal vesicle. Oocytes persist without further development at least until day four of the postparthenogenic phase. Older isolated animals may contain and even deposit an enlarged egg, but successful progeny does not result. Oocytes are located at the anterior pole of each of the bilateral gonads, adjacent to developing male tissues producing sperm. More posterior cells in the gonad are initially undifferentated in the postparthenogenic phase. Dorsal and central cells first show specialization for secretory activity, and by day four contain peripheral layers of RER and central accumulations of polymorphic secretion droplets. The posterior and ventral cells produce secretion droplets that aggregate into an enlarging bilobed structure called the X-body. Two or three cells in each gonad contribute secretions to the X-body, which is intracellular in a secondary syncytium formed by the contributing cells. Functions for the postparthenogenic gametes and for the X-body are not yet demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 693-697 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intermediate filaments ; Microtubules ; Caveolae ; Bullfrog ; Arachnoid mater ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the bullfrog, the meninges surrounding the central nervous system include an arachnoid mater that contains layers of cells with abundant intermediate filaments (IFs) having unique organizational characteristics. This membrane contains an inner lamina of cells that resemble fibroblasts and an outer lamina of flattened cells that are almost filled with IFs. The IFs of the outer arachnoid are arranged in compact, arching bundles that lie parallel to the outer surface of the central nervous system. Thus, sections cut tangentially to the membrane reveal bending of filament bundles, whereas transverse sections do not. In some cells bordering the subdural space, bundles of filaments are organized into highly-ordered spiral arrays. Attachments to the numerous desmosomes and, apparently, to the nuclear envelope suggest anchoring of cytoplasmic structures by the IF system. Microtubules occur primarily near the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Numerous caveolae also are associated with the plasma membrane. The unusual abundance, organization, and cytoplasmic relations of IFs in the bullfrog arachnoid suggest that this membrane may serve as an important model for study of fundamental cytoskeletal relations and function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Swimbladder ; Teleost ; Cholinergic nerves ; Adrenergic nerves ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The general structure, ultrastructure and innervation of the swimbladder of the smooth toadfish, Tetractenos glaber, were examined with light-microscopic, fluorescence-histochemical, and transmission electron-microscopic techniques. The structure of the swimbladder is similar to that of other euphysoclists. Fluorescence histochemistry showed adrenergic fibres in both the secretory and resorptive areas of the swimbladder. Transmission electron microscopy revealed two morphologically distinct axon profiles type-I profiles containing many small, flattened vesicles; type-II profiles containing both large, granular vesicles and rounded, small clear vesicles in varying proportions. The gas-gland cells and surrounding muscularis mucosae are innervated by both type-I and type-II fibres. Type-I fibres also innervate pre-rete arteries. The rete- and gas-gland capillaries do not appear to be innervated. Arteries running to the resorptive area are innervated by type-I fibres. Both type-I and type-II profiles make contact with the muscularis mucosae in the resorptive area. Only type-I fibres innervate the radial dilator muscle in the oval sphincter region, whereas only type II fibres innervate the circular muscle of the oval sphincter. Type-I fibres took up α-methyl-noradrenaline, and could not be found after pre-treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. They are, therefore, assumed to be adrenergic. Type-II fibres were tentatively identified, by exclusion, as cholinergic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Secretory granules ; Endosalpinx ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of granules in the secretory cells of the endosalpinx of 20 Merino ewes was examined on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 post coitum. Based on the different frequency of granules of different size and structure on days one to four post coitum, one can assume that the ovoid, membrane bounded secretory granules mature in five successive stages. In stage I small, electron-lucent vesicles with a finely granulated and filamentous content become apparent, initially in the neighbourhood of the Golgi complex. In stage II the granules become larger and progressively more eletron-dense by an increase of the granulated material. In stage III, the primarily granulated content forms membranes, that lie in characteristic stacks at different angles to one another, separated by electron-dense areas. This structure fragments when the granule comes to lie beneath the surface of the cell (stage IV) and opens into the lumen of the oviduct, where its content is discharged in membrane fragments or vesicles (stage V). This discharge is mainly observed shortly before the egg is transported into the uterus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 537-547 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Scale ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Cichlid ; Hemichromis bimaculatus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Scale regeneration has been studied in Hemichromis bimaculatus. The removed scale, which serves as a control, is covered by its surrounding scleroblasts as can be seen with scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, during regeneration, a population of scleroblasts arises in the empty dermal pocket as shown with transmission electron microscopy. At first, an elongated papilla of regeneration forms, probably from the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts. A scale anlage composed of the osseous layer appears in the middle of the papilla, which becomes a regenerating bag. All the surrounding large scleroblasts are involved in scale formation, although later three populations of scleroblasts specialize according to their location around the scale. Superficial scleroblasts flatten when the final thickness of the osseous layer of the scale is attained; the deep scleroblasts are responsible for the formation of the basal plate whereas marginal scleroblasts increase the diameter of the osseous layer of the scale. During scale regeneration, scleroblasts are more numerous and larger than during scale ontogenesis. In particular, deep scleroblasts form a columnar epithelium when the basal plate is laid down, a feature which is not found during scale ontogenesis. Moreover, the regenerated basal plate exhibits an orthogonal “plywood” arrangement that is never seen in the embryonic scale where the “plywood” is of the intermediate type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 525-535 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epididymis (marsupials) ; Ultrastructure ; Sperm maturation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ductus epididymidis of the tammar is lined by an epithelium composed of principal, mitochondria-rich, apical and basal cells, and intraepithelial leucocytes. The epithelium is structurally differentiated into 6 zones referred to as the initial segment, middle segment (3 subdivisions) and terminal segment (2 subdivisions). The occurrence of the initial, middle and terminal segments corresponds quite closely to the anatomical differentiation of the epididymis into a head, body and tail. The initial segment epithelium in the tammar is lower and has shorter and more slender stereocilia than in other mammals which have been described. Otherwise, the structure of the epithelium has similar characteristics in the tammar to that described in other mammals. Spermatozoa begin to develop the capacity for motility within the initial segment, but only show structural signs of maturation in the middle segment. The sperm head rotates through 90 degrees in the proximal subdivision of the middle segment. The cytoplasmic droplet is detached and spermatozoa develop the capacity for motility in the middle subdivision of the middle segment. The cytoplasmic droplets are phagocytosed by the epididymal epithelium of the middle segment. Sperm storage appears to be the main function of the terminal segment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peptidergic neurotransmission ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three neuronal systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were immunocytochemically investigated at the ultrastructural level with the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Preliminary electrophysiological and cell-filling investigations have shown that a cluster of neurons which reacts positively with an antiserum against the molluscan cardio-active peptide FMRFamide, sends axons to the penis retractor muscle. In this muscle anti-FMRF-amide (aFM) positive axons form neuro-muscular synapses with (smooth) muscle fibers. The morphological observations suggest the aFM immunoreactive system to be involved in peptidergic neurotransmission. In the right parietal ganglion a large neuron (LYAC) is penetrated by aFM positive axons which form synapse-like structures (SLS) with the LYAC. The assumption that the SLS represent the morphological basis for peptidergic transmission is sustained by the observation that iontophoretical application of synthetic FMRFamide depolarizes the LYAC. The axons of a group of pedal anti-vasopressin (aVP) positive cells run in close vicinity to the cerebral ovulation (neuro-)-hormone producing cell system (CDC system) Synapses or SLS between the two systems were not observed. The fact that (bath) application of arg-vasopressin induces bursting in the CDC, may indicate that the vasopressin-like substance of the aVP cells is released non-synaptically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Photoperiods ; Pituitary gland, pars tuberalis ; Ultrastructure ; Phodopus sungorus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Conspicuous cytological differences are found between specific secretory cells of the hypophysial pars tuberalis of Djungarian hamsters exposed to long and short photoperiods. The cells differ with respect to the shapes of perikarya and nuclei and show diverse amounts of secretory granules, lysosome-like bodies and glycogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Gonadotrops ; Thyrotrops ; Ultrastructure ; Immunolabeling ; Teleosts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pituitaries of the African catfish (Clarias lazera) were studied with immunocytochemical methods, at the light-microscopic and ultrastructural levels, for the characterization and localization of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells. Two immunostaining procedures with the use of different markers were carried out: (i) with peroxidase-antiperoxidase, (ii) with protein A-gold. In routinely stained sections for light microscopy two types of basophils were identified in the proximal pars distalis: (1) large, round, purple cells, and (2) small, angular, light-blue cells. Both types were immunolabeled with antibodies against Clarias α,β-gonadotropin (GTH) and salmon G100-GTH. Only the large basophils were immunolabeled with anti-carp β-GTH, whereas the small basophils were the only cells immunolabeled with anti-human thyrotropin beta subunit (anti-h TSH-β). It was concluded that the large basophils represent the gonadotrops and the small basophils the thyrotrops. At the ultrastructural level the immunostaining of the GTH-cells was confined to three types of inclusions: (i) secretory vesicles, (ii) globules, and (iii) electron-dense, membrane-bound irregular masses. Especially the protein A- gold method, in combination with the use of a highly diluted homologous antiserum, resulted in a distinct localization of GTH. The presence of two types of nerve fibres, synaptically contacting the gonadotrops, is discussed with regard to the presence of a peptidergic (stimulatory) and an aminergic (inhibitory) control of GTH-secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 121-133 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Proximal tubule ; Tight junctions ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze fracturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of tight junctions of the renal proximal tubule was studied comparing the pars convoluta and pars recta of rat, golden hamster, rabbit, cat, dog and tupaia. Though some interspecies variations were observed, the convoluted portions of the proximal tubules revealed quite uniformly very leaky tight junctions with mainly 1–2 strands. Along the whole proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney including the pars recta only minor differences of the zonulae occludentes were found. By contrast, the tight junctions of the pars recta in other species were much more elaborate, especially in cat and tupaia, having up to 6 strands and an overall depth of more than 150 nm. The implications of these findings are discussed with special regard to the functional differences between the pars convoluta and pars recta of the proximal tubule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 227-240 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas (rat) ; Pancreatic duct ligation ; Cell membrane ; Intercellular junctions ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze fracture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Exocrine pancreatic tissue was investigated during various intervals after pancreatic duct ligation. Concomitant to the increase of the intraluminal pressure, alterations are found in the arrangement of the luminal membrane surface and the zonulae occludentes of the acinar cells. The zonulae occludentes exhibit a disarrangement of their strands. The number of strands diminishes and small interruptions as well as large discontinuities of the strands are observed in most regions of the acinar cells. Furthermore, gap junctions are found very infrequently between acinar cells. The ultrastructural alterations of the zonulae occludentes suggest a gradual adaptation to the increasing unilateral pressure. However, a leakage of the paracellular permeability barrier occurs which contributes to the known shunt between the compartments of the pancreatic juice and the interstitial space following pancreatic duct obstruction. The present investigation is a further example of alterations in the paracellular permeability and intercellular communication of epithelial cells under pathological conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 435-452 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Photoreceptors ; Arthropod ; Spider (Argiope amoena) ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The anterolateral eye, the posterolateral eye and the posteromedial eye of the web-building spider, Argiope amoena have been examined by light and electron microscopy. The dioptric apparatus of all three eyes is similar in structure, and consists of a cornea, a lens and a vitreous body. The retina contains monopolar receptor cells, the cell bodies of which are present beneath the vitreous body in all three eyes. Proximal processes of the receptor cells form rhabdoms beneath the cell body layer and then extend toward the first optic glomerulus as an ocellar nerve. Two distinct patterns of retinal organization are present in the three eyes. In one type the rhabdomic layer of the retina is backed by a pigmented layer. In the other type the rhabdomic layer is backed by a tapetal reflecting layer. Rhabdomic structure and cytoplasmic inclusions of the receptor cells differ greatly between the two types. The anterolateral eye possesses a single type of retina with the rhabdoms backed by the tapetum. Both the posterolateral and the posteromedial eye are similar in structure, each possessing beneath the common dioptric apparatus retinae of both types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 497-502 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): D2 glycoprotein ; Adrenal gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cell adhesion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural localization of the glycoprotein D2 in rat adrenal gland was investigated using immunohistochemical methods, and D2 localization in cultures of adult bovine chromaffin cells was studied by immunofluorescence. D2 was found to be situated on nerve fibers passing through the adrenal cortex and in the medulla zone, and also on the surface of all chromaffin cells. In addition, it was strongly expressed on the surface of glial (Schwann) cells. Cortical cells were unreactive to the antiserum. In cultures, all adrenalin and noradrenalin [dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive] cells were surface labelled for D2. A less frequent second cell type was recognized in vitro which was DBH negative but D2 positive. Such cells were presumed to be Schwann cells. These data are discussed in terms of the developmental origin of the cells and with regard to the putative functional rôle of D2 in cell adhesion phenomena.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 479-491 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ependyma ; Ultrastructure ; Posterior tela choroidea ; Rhombencephalon ; Rana catesbeiana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The posterior rhombencephalic tela choroidea of the bullfrog was examined by electron microscopy. This membrane, the pia-ependymal roof of the caudal hindbrain, contains a large central region characterized by cuboidal ependymal cells which surround sizable microscopic apertures — the interependymal pores. Ultrastructurally ependymal cells of this area are characterized by infrequent apical microvilli and cilia. They contain irregularly shaped nuclei and few cytoplasmic organelles that are largely apical in position. The most striking feature is an abundance of cytoplasmic filaments forming an extensive cytoskeleton. Laterally these cells are joined by numerous elaborate desmosomes. The majority of the ependymal cells have a basal lamina consisting of single, double, or triple laminae lying parallel to the basal plasma membrane. Several unusual specializations are seen at the margins of the interependymal pores. The ependymal cells have lateral cytoplasmic processes that form the actual border of each pore. These processes originate from the apical surface of the cell and partially enclose an elaborate network of basal lamina associated with the interependymal pores. These findings demonstrate microscopic apertures in the roof of the fourth ventricle in the bullfrog that are associated with an unusual form of supportive ependyma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 525-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Insects ; Innervation ; Light microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The innervation of the salivary gland of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) has been investigated with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy of methylene blue stained glands reveals the presence of a dual innervation arising from the ventral nerve cord and the stomodeal nervous system; the principal innervation is that from the ventral nerve cord which passes to the gland via the reservoir ducts. Branches of these nerves form a plexus on the acinar surface, the axons of which exhibit swelling at irregular intervals. The presence of this surface plexus and the axonal swellings was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy both in normal glands and in those in which the basal lamina had been removed by means of an HCl-collagenase digestion method. No acinar plexus was seen to be formed by branches of the stomatogastric nerve that were associated with the gland. However, other branches of this nerve were clearly connected with a complex network of multipolar neurones on the surfaces of the anterior regions of both salivary reservoirs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 19-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subfornical organ ; Circumventricular organ ; Coturnix quail ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The structure of the subfornical organ (SFO) of the Japanese quail has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The SFO is a small semiglobular bulge in the midline on the rostrodorsal wall of the third ventricle between the anterior commissure and tela choroidea. The organ consists of three main parts, anterior stalk, the corpus and the posterior stalk. The anterior stalk is covered by ependymal cells with a few cilia, but the corpus and posterior stalk are characterized by a distinctive lack of cilia and by flat or bulging cell surfaces, which have the appearance of cobble stones. The large bulbous protrusions in the ependymal surface of the posterior stalk suggest a secretory function into the ventricle. In the subependymal layer, there are a few parvocellular neurons that contain small mitochondria, moderately developed Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, dilated cisternae of rER and a few dense-cored granules of 100–120 nm in diameter. They appear to be secretory in nature. Two types of glial cells occur in the subependymal and internal layers. One is small and spindle-shaped with a dense nucleus and elongated cytoplasmic processes; it may be microglial. The other is a small polygonal cell with rounded nucleus and clear cytoplasm containing bundles of filaments; it may be a protoplasmic astrocyte. The neuropil contains three types of axons. The first contains dense-cored granules, 80 nm in diameter, and clear vesicles, 40–60 nm in diameter and is involved in axosomatic synapses. The second type contains dense granules, 120 nm in diameter, and clear vesicles, 40–80 nm in diameter, and shows axodendritic synapses. The third contains peptidergic granules about 100–120 nm in diameter and seems to belong to the organ-specific nerve cells. These axons terminate at the perivascular space of the blood capillaries, suggesting secretion into the blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 203-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Astrocytes ; Development ; Phagocytosis ; Neuroplasticity ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previous studies have demonstrated that astrocyte processes are responsible for a spontaneously occurring phagocytosis of boutons on cat spinal motoneurons during the second postnatal week. In the present investigation, the astrocytes and the astrocyte processes in contact with the motoneurons were studied qualitatively and quantitatively during the early postnatal period. It could be concluded that the cells responsible for the phagocytosis of boutons are immature astrocytes. These cells were present not only during the period of phagocytosis but also prior to this period. The type of process responsible for the phagocytosis was present not only during the period of phagocytosis but also prior to and after that period although the relative contribution of such processes to the glia-covered membrane area of the motoneurons was reduced in the older animals. On the basis of these results, the possible specificity of the immature astrocyte as the element responsible for the phagocytosis of boutons during normal development is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 253-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pinealocytes ; Cell populations ; Bat ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the pineal gland of the pipistrelle bat two different populations of pinealocytes and glial cells were observed electron microscopically. The pinealocytes of populations I and II differ in their content of metabolically active cell organelles. In the pinealocytes of population I, granular vesicles originating from the Golgi apparatus were found in the perikaryon and especially in the endings of the pinealocyte processes. Granular vesicles appeared to be more numerous in hibernating nulliparous females. The pinealocytes of population II are characterized by the presence of small cytoplasmic vacuoles, probably originating from cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and containing flocculent material of moderate electron density. The classification of the pinealocytes belonging to population II is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 333-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect eye ; Retina ; Ultrastructure ; Moth ; Spodoptera exempta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphology of the compound eye of the noctuid moth Spodoptera exempta was investigated by electron microscopy. This eucone superposition eye is composed of about 8000 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is surrounded by six secondary pigment cells showing pigment movement according to the state of adaptation. It contains four crystalline cone cells forming together a crystalline cone and tract, two primary pigment cells, which encompass the crystalline cone, and usually eight retinula cells. On the basis of their rhabdomeric structure, three types of retinula cells can be distinguished. According to the structure of the rhabdom, two types of ommatidia are found in different regions of the eye. The rhabdom of the lobed type, providing more than 80% of ommatidia, is composed of V-shaped rhabdomeres with fanwise arranged microvilli. The rhabdom of the square type, found in a small area in the dorsal region of the eye, consists of triangular rhabdomeres with parallel microvilli. The functional significance of this difference is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Synapses ; Palaemon ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of neurosecretory fibers, designated as Type 5 and Type 6 axons, in the sinus gland of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon, establish contact with other neurosecretory axons by means of synaptic junctions. This finding strongly supports the view that release of some neurohormones from the eyestalk may be regulated by neurosecretory neurons through synaptic transmission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 409-433 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Rete testis ; Human ; Histophysiology ; Chordae retis ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The human rete testis was examined with regard to 1) the number and distribution of entrances of seminiferous tubules, 2) the light microscopic topography and 3) details of the passages as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In a newborn 1474 entrances were counted, approximately 50 % entering from the right and 50 % from the left of the central long axis. Three major subdivisions of the rete were distinguished and described: a septal (or interlobular) part represented by tubuli recti, a tunical (or mediastinal) part which is a true network of channels, and an extratesticular part characterized by dilatations (up to 3 mm wide) which we have called bullae retis. In SEM, cylindrical strands running from wall to wall in the tunical and extratesticular rete spaces are a prominent feature. We have called these chordae retis. They are covered by epithelium and are 5–40 μm wide and 15 to more than 100 μm long. They contain a peculiar tissue consisting of central myoid cells in a fibroelastic matrix. The smaller chordae are avascular. In the light of these findings the rete is interpreted as a highly complex myoelastic sponge. Its function is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 449-462 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ileum (Rat) ; Occluding junctions ; Freeze-fracture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two kinds of occluding junctions are found between ileal epithelial cells of suckling rats: apical zonulae occludentes (ZO) and fasciae occludentes (FO) which are associated with the lateral plasma membranes of many epithelial cells. In unfixed preparations, glycerol treatment induces the further proliferation of extensive fasciae occludentes. Both kinds of junction have identical structural elements when visualized in freeze fracture replicas, although the arrangement of these elements differs. Zonulae occludentes consist of networks of branching and anastomosing linear ridges or rows of ∼10 nm particles with 20–30 nm spaces between the rows which form narrow belt-like structures around the apical region of adjacent cells. Fasciae occludentes, on the other hand, consist of similar linear ridges or rows of particles but the junction strands are often discontinuous, open ended and only occasionally intersect with each other. Several different fracture planes through the plasma membrane in the region of the occluding junctions have been observed and these provide further evidence that two components, one from each membrane, fused at the level of the extracellular space, form the junction sealing element. Furthermore, we present evidence which indicates a staggered rather than an in-register arrangement of these two components.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 501-506 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurohypophysis ; Ultrastructure ; Perivascular space ; Hormonerelease ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neural lobes from rats subjected to neurohypophysial hormone-releasing stimuli were examined electron microscopically following fixation in 4 % tannic acid in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde. This fixation allowed the delineation of the perivascular space in the neural lobe tissue. Measurement of the area of the perivascular space showed that it was significantly increased in the rats subjected to vagal stimulation and intraarterial calcium ions compared to the control rats. The rats which had been subjected to haemorrhage as a hormonereleasing stimulus did not show any significant change in the area of the perivascular space. The significance of these findings in relation to hormone release is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 539-548 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Frog skin ; Respiratory capillaries ; Capillary networks ; Microcorrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Microcorrosion casts of blood vessels in the skin of Rana esculenta L. were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy with particular reference to the subepidermal network of respiratory capillaries. Due to the fact that arteries and veins lie in the deeper layers of the stratum spongiosum of the corium, the respiratory vessels form a morphologically homogeneous network. Functionally, however, this network is subdivided into small areas with a centripetal direction of blood flow. The deep capillary net, situated at the base of the stratum compactum of the corium, is not so dense as the respiratory network and does not directly communicate with it. Alveolar glands of the skin have no effect on the distribution of capillaries in the two networks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 1-23 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymph node (rat) ; Macrophages ; Dendritic reticulum cells ; Immune response to paratyphoid vaccine ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The reactivity of rat lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells has been studied in relation to the course of the immune response. Special attention was paid to the interdigitating cells (IDC) in the paracortex and the dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in the germinal centre. Different types of macrophage predominate in the three different phases of the immune response. In the induction phase exudate macrophages predominate. They transform their morphology depending on the micro-environment in which they settle. These cells may contain Birbeck granules. Our experiments suggest, that these granules are immunologically specific organelles, associated with the induction of a primary humoral response. In the proliferation phase transitional cells between newly arrived macrophages and IDC predominate in the paracortex and the number of IDC decreases. In the memory phase IDC repopulate this thymus dependent area, indicating that the characteristic morphology of these cells results from the immune response in the T cell environment. The DRC are specifically related to the germinal centre, the morphological transformation of this peculiar reticulum cell occurs under the influence of the germinal centre reaction. The germinal centre reaction originates by tingible body macrophages (TBM).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 25-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Esophageal epithelium ; Eel ; Seawater adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The esophageal epithelium of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, was studied by light and electron microscopy. In freshwater-adapted eels, longitudinal folds of the mucosal surface are simple in form and lined by a stratified epithelium composed of mucous cells, filament and ribosome-rich cells. Mucous cells are numerous. The filament-rich cells form the outermost and the basal layers of the stratified epithelium and are scattered in the middle zone among the mucous cells. They are firmly bound to one another by many desmosomes and prominent interdigitations of plasma membrane. The distal free surface of the filament-rich cell has a fingerprint-like pattern of microridges. A small number of columnar cells occur at the apices of the folds. They are rich in mitochondria and their distal surfaces bear short microvilli. In seawater-adapted eels, irregularly meandering folds increase the surface area of the mucosa. The stratified epithelium is extensively replaced by a simple columnar epithelium free of mucous cells. The columnar cells resemble in many respects those found in freshwater-adapted eels. They are rich in mitochondria and their distal free surface were provided with short microvilli. However, prominent lateral intercellular spaces and elaborate interdigitations of cytoplasmic processes in the distal zone distinguish the former from the latter. Results are considered in connection with the changes in ion and water permeability of the epithelium after seawater adaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 77-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): AV-node ; AV-bundle ; Fenestrated capillary endothelium ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The capillaries in the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle of the heart (mammals) were investigated by thin sections and freezeetch replicas. Fenestrated endothelial cells were found to occur in all mammals examined in this study. These fenestrations (500±50 Å diameter) are bridged by a diaphragm and occur in relatively small sieve areas. In contrast to the AV-node and AV-bundle, the non-specialized myocardium is supplied by continuous capillaries. The presence of the fenestrated capillary in the conduction system of the heart may serve to increase both permeability and passive transport capacity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 157-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Germ-free mice ; Macrophages ; Peritoneum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The reported work is the first direct ultrastructural comparison of resident peritoneal macrophages from germ-free and conventional animals. Three groups of mice were studied: germ-free (GF), conventionally-reared under isolation conditions (IC), and conventionally-reared in an open environment (OC). The macrophages from the three groups of animals are closely similar morphologically. Particularly noteworthy are the electron-dense, lysosome-like granules which are numerous in the macrophages of germfree mice and which provide a structural foundation for the presumed microbicidal capability of the phagocytes. Morphometric estimates showed that the “average macrophage” from GF mice is smaller and possesses a smaller, rounder nucleus, a smaller volume fraction of mitochondria and more lysosome-like granules per unit of cytoplasmic volume than the “average macrophage” from conventional mice. Moreover, granules and mitochondria are smaller, on average, in the GF phagocytes than in macrophages from conventional mice. The results suggest that peritoneal macrophages from the germ-free mouse represent, more truly than those from the conventional mouse, the nature of the fully differentiated but as yet unstimulated mononuclear phagocyte.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroendocrine system ; Galleria ; Ultrastructure ; Reserpine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This study concerns the influence of reserpine on the fine structure of peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of Galleria mellonella, and of neurons containing smaller dense-cored vesicles (presumed to be aminergic) localized in the same area of the brain. The drug, administered in doses of 125 μm and 250 μg per g of insect body weight, reduces both the amount and the electron opacity of the dense-cored vesicles with a diameter of 60–80 nm in the neuronal perikarya as well as their terminals. Simultaneously, this treatment evokes an abnormal accumulation of secretory granules within the perikarya of peptidergic neurosecretory cells belonging to three types. This accumulation of secretory material is followed by some changes in the fine structure of these cells. One (fourth) type of neurosecretory cells seems to be insensitive to reserpine action. Participation of the aminergic system in the regulation of the secretory activity of some populations of peptidergic neurosecretory neurons of the insect brain is postulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 341-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Cell types ; Neonate ; Parturient ; Harp seal, Phagophilus groenlandicus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pars distalis of parturient harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is divisible into three distinct zones based on the major cellular components of the different regions. A clear zonation is lacking in neonate seals, the medial “basophilic wedge” and the anterior gonadotrophic were small and difficult to identify. Five cell types were identified based on cytological characteristics: somatotrophs, mammotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs and stellate cells; corticotrophs could not be identified, with any certainty, in any of the preparations, nor could the gonadotrophs be classified into LH, FSH, and ICSH cells. The pars intermedia enlarged during the early post-partum period and was large in the parturient females.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 391-407 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Placenta (rat) ; Permeability ; Tracer ; Intercellular junctions ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of lanthanum chloride and horseradish peroxidase within the full-term chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was investigated 1 to 20 min after administration of these tracers into the maternal blood circulation. Both tracers rapidly penetrate trophoblastic layer I and diffuse into the interspace between layers I and II. They are localized in extensive infoldings and caveolae of the outer surface of layer II. The syncytial character of layer II is confirmed at this developmental stage of the placenta. There is no vesicular uptake or penetration beyond layer II until 20 min after tracer administration. Our results indicate that trophoblastic layer II is the main barrier in the chorioallantoic rat placenta preventing the permeation of macromolecules from maternal to fetal compartments. With freeze-fracturing, particulate structures of variable arrangement and size are found between adjacent cells of layer I. With goniometric analysis small gaps between the appositions of the membrane are observed. These structures are interpreted as tight and/or gap junctions during stages of assembly or disassembly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 409-422 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Placenta (rat) ; Capillary ; Permeability ; Tracer ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum chloride within the full term chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was examined after administration of these tracers into the umbilical artery. Both tracers rapidly traverse the capillary endothelium. Transendothelial channels, fenestrations and micropinocytotic vesicles provide the main pathways. Intercellular clefts which are either patent or interrupted by leaky intercellular junctions, also contribute to a rapid passage of low and high molecular weight substances. Deep channel-like invaginations, effecting an increase of the exchange area of layer III, are freely accessible to the tracers from the interspace between the capillary endothelium and trophoblastic layer III. The invaginations, however, are not in continuity with the interspace between layers II and III, verifying the syncytial character of layer III. Neither an uptake of the tracers nor a passage across layer III is observed. The main permeability barrier to feto-maternal transfer within the chorioallantoic placenta is localized in the syncytiotrophoblastic layer III. This layer controls the passage of low molecular weight substances and restricts the penetration of high molecular weight substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Granulocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Monocytes ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Chicken
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, e.g., neutrophilic granulocytes, were enriched from heparinized blood by a Ficoll-step-gradient centrifugation procedure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a surface morphology of narrow ridge-like profiles and small ruffles with occasional microprocesses. Mononuclear leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation over a Ficoll-Metrizoat gradient. The lymphocytes showed varying numbers of microvilli of different length, size and shape. B lymphocytes, characterized by their capability of “sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-rosette formation”, displayed a similar surface morphology. Completely smooth lymphocytes, described in the literature as T lymphocytes, could not be detected, although many lymphocytes with few microprocesses were observed. Thus, SEM is not a useful tool for distinguishing between B and T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens. Monocytes were characterized by prominent membrane-like ruffles, but in some cases they closely resembled granulocytes. An influence of the various separation media on the surface morphology of the isolated cells could not be detected when compared with cells isolated by the buffy-coat method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1997), S. 91-95 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words ECL cells ; Omeprazole ; Granules/vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Stomach ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The ECL cells are histamine- and peptide hormone-producing endocrine cells in the rat oxyntic mucosa. They are rich in secretory vesicles and also contain microvesicles and electron-dense granules. They operate under the control of circulating gastrin. In the present study, we examined the ECL-cell ultrastructure after long term treatment with omeprazole, which is known to induce hypergastrinemia, and after withdrawal of the drug. Rats received omeprazole (400 µmol/kg per day, orally) for 16 days and were killed 1, 5, 20, or 40 days after the last dose of the drug. Oxyntic mucosal specimens were processed for electron microscopy. Electron micrographs of ECL-cell profiles were analyzed planimetrically. The ECL-cell profile area increased promptly in response to omeprazole, the secretory vesicles and granules were reduced in number and volume density, the microvesicles were unchanged in number but reduced in volume density, and vacuoles appeared. Within a week after stopping the omeprazole treatment, the numbers and volume densities of secretory vesicles and microvesicles returned to pre-stimulation values. Also, the vacuoles disappeared promptly. The ECL-cell profile area decreased below the pre-stimulation level within five days after stopping treatment, while, in contrast, the granules increased in number and volume density. Somewhat surprisingly, the cell size and the granule compartment did not return to normal until 40 days after stopping treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Exocytosis ; Endocytosis ; Gastrin cells ; Carbamylcholine ; Ultrastructure ; Pyloric antrum ; Guinea pig (Hartley) ; Mouse (ICR) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In order to capture the exocytotic figures of gastrin cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, we examined antral cells of the mouse, rat, and guinea pig by electron microscopy following stimulation with the cholinergic secretagogue carbamylcholine. Increased numbers of omega profiles indicative of exocytosis were seen in the basal or lateral cell membrane after stimulation with carbamylcholine. The number of exocytotic figures in stimulated gastrin cells was higher in the guinea pig than in the mouse and rat. Coated and non-coated omega profiles and coated pits in the plasma membrane were smaller than the secretory granules. Omega profiles with or without electron-dense contents were seen. Coated and non-coated vesicles were often visible near the plasma membrane of stimulated gastrin cells in all three species, large cytoplasmic vacuoles also being found in the guinea pig. In the mouse pretreated with horseradish peroxidase, reaction deposits were observed in the omega profiles and in microvesicles near the plasma membrane. These results suggest that, after exocytosis, membrane retrieval and endocytosis occur in the gastrin cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 290 (1997), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Ciliogenesis ; Striated rootlets ; Oviduct ; Ciliated cells ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Striated rootlets in ciliated cells are conical banded structures composed of longitudinally aligned filaments. The formation of striated rootlets during ciliognesis in the human oviduct epithelium was studied by electron microscopy. Primitive rootlets appeared at the proximal side of basal bodies before or at the same time as ciliary budding. After the formation of several striations, the tip of the rootlets extended deeply toward the interior of the cell and became differentiated into two distinct parts, viz., the proximal conical part connected to the basal body and the distal fibrillar part. The periodicity of the striations in the fibrillar part was 68.5±2.95 nm, about 5 nm longer than that of the conical part (63.9±2.25 nm). The dark band in the striation was thicker in the fibrillar part than in the conical part. Since the fibrillar part was not observed in the mature cilium, this part was considered as being either degraded or changed into the conical part during ciliogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal gland, rabbit ; Organ culture ; Ultrastructure ; Indoleamine synthesis ; Autoradiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to localize pineal indoleamine synthesis at the ultrastructural level, an electron microscopic analysis was carried out on rabbit pineal tissue, cultured for several days in a medium containing the inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine. Furthermore, electron microscopic autoradiography was applied to rabbit pineal tissue cultured in a medium containing the tritium labeled precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. p-Chlorophenylalanine altered the ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the light pinealocytes only. Incubation with 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan caused a moderate and uniform labeling of the pinealocytes. These data suggest that the synthesis and storage of indoleamines in the rabbit pineal gland do not take place within the conventional membrane-limited cell organelles but more diffusely in the cytosol of the light pinealocytes. The spherical enlargement of the mitochondria in the light pinealocytes after culturing with p-chlorophenylalanine supports the biochemical findings of Hori et al. (1976) that the mitochondria are the carriers of the enzyme tryptophan 5-hydroxylase. The subsequent decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin probably occurs free in the cytosol. The strong labeling of the noradrenergic nerve endings (in contrast to the cholinergic ones) after incubation with 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan demonstrates that the noradrenergic nerve endings in the rabbit pineal gland can, at least in vitro, selectively take up 5-hydroxytryptophan.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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