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  • 1
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    Climate warming during Antarctic ice sheet expansion at the Middle Miocene transition (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(5), pp. 376-381, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-14
    Beschreibung: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 2
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    A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks during the Holocene epoch (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-17
    Beschreibung: Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch1, 2, 3, 4. However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon5, and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 ± 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean ± standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears7, 8, 9, potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 512(7514), pp. 290-294, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-04
    Beschreibung: During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events1. This ubiquitous feature of rapid glacial climate change can be extended back as far as 800,000 years before present (BP) in the ice core record2, and has drawn broad attention within the science and policy-making communities alike3. Many studies have been dedicated to investigating the underlying causes of these changes, but no coherent mechanism has yet been identified3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Here we show, by using a comprehensive fully coupled model16, that gradual changes in the height of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) can alter the coupled atmosphere–ocean system and cause rapid glacial climate shifts closely resembling DO events. The simulated global climate responses—including abrupt warming in the North Atlantic, a northward shift of the tropical rainbelts, and Southern Hemisphere cooling related to the bipolar seesaw—are generally consistent with empirical evidence1, 3, 17. As a result of the coexistence of two glacial ocean circulation states at intermediate heights of the ice sheets, minor changes in the height of the NHISs and the amount of atmospheric CO2 can trigger the rapid climate transitions via a local positive atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic. Our results, although based on a single model, thus provide a coherent concept for understanding the recorded millennial-scale variability and abrupt climate changes in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system, as well as their linkages to the volume of the intermediate ice sheets during glacials.
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  • 4
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    Ups and downs in western Crete (Hellenic subduction zone) (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Studies of past sea-level markers are commonly used to unveil the tectonic history and seismic behavior of subduction zones. We present new evidence on vertical motions of the Hellenic subduction zone as resulting from a suite of Late Pleistocene - Holocene shorelines in western Crete (Greece). Shoreline ages obtained by AMS radiocarbon dating of seashells, together with the reappraisal of shoreline ages from previous works, testify a long-term uplift rate of 2.5-2.7 mm/y. This average value, however, includes periods in which the vertical motions vary significantly: 2.6-3.2 mm/y subsidence rate from 42 ka to 23 ka, followed by ~7.7 mm/y sustained uplift rate from 23 ka to present. The last ~5 ky shows a relatively slower uplift rate of 3.0-3.3 mm/y, yet slightly higher than the long-term average. A preliminary tectonic model attempts at explaining these up and down motions by across-strike partitioning of fault activity in the subduction zone.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5677
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): coastal geomorphology ; tectonic rates ; paleoshorelines ; subduction ; Crete ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Beschreibung: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3493
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The Sensible Heat Flux in the Course of the Year at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard: Characteristics of Eddy Covariance Data and Corresponding Model Results (2014)
    Hindawi
    In:  EPIC3Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi, pp. Article ID 852108, ISSN: 1687-9309
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-05
    Beschreibung: In this paper we present one year of meteorological and flux measurements obtained near Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. Fluxes are derived by the eddy covariance method and by a hydrodynamic model approach (HMA) as well. Both methods are compared and analyzed with respect to season and mean wind direction. Concerning the wind field we find a clear distinction between 3 prevailing regimes (which have influence on the flux behavior) mainly caused by the topography at the measurement site. Concerning the fluxes we find a good agreement between the HMA and the eddy covariance method in cases of turbulent mixing in summer but deviations at stable conditions, when the HMA almost always shows negative fluxes. Part of the deviation is based on a dependence of HMA fluxes on friction velocity and the influence of the molecular boundary layer. Moreover, the flagging system of the eddy covariance software package TK3 is briefly revised. A new quality criterion for the use of fluxes obtained by the eddy covariance method, which is based on integral turbulence characteristics, is proposed.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Minimal change in Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow speed between the last glacial and Holocene (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(2), pp. 113-116, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-10
    Beschreibung: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is key to the mixing and ventilation of the world’s oceans1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This current flows from west to east between about 45° and 70° S (refs 1, 2, 3) connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and is driven by westerly winds and buoyancy forcing. High levels of productivity in the current regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations6. Reconstructions of the current during the last glacial period suggest that flow speeds were faster7 or similar8 to present, and it is uncertain whether the strength and position of the westerly winds changed9, 10, 11. Here we reconstruct Antarctic Circumpolar Current bottom speeds through the constricting Drake Passage and Scotia Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene based on the mean grain size of sortable silt from a suite of sediment cores. We find essentially no change in bottom flow speeds through the region, and, given that the momentum imparted by winds, and modulated by sea-ice cover, is balanced by the interaction of these flows with the seabed, this argues against substantial changes in wind stress. However, glacial flow speeds in the sea-ice zone12 south of 56° S were significantly slower than present, whereas flow in the north was faster, but not significantly so. We suggest that slower flow over the rough topography south of 56° S may have reduced diapycnal mixing in this region during the last glacial period, possibly reducing the diapycnal contribution to the Southern Ocean overturning circulation.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Networks from Flows - From Dynamics to Topology (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4(4119), ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Beschreibung: Complex network approaches have recently been applied to continuous spatial dynamical systems, like climate, successfully uncovering the system's interaction structure. However the relationship between the underlying atmospheric or oceanic flow's dynamics and the estimated network measures have remained largely unclear. We bridge this crucial gap in a bottom-up approach and define a continuous analytical analogue of Pearson correlation networks for advection-diffusion dynamics on a background flow. Analysing complex networks of prototypical flows and from time series data of the equatorial Pacific, we find that our analytical model reproduces the most salient features of these networks and thus provides a general foundation of climate networks. The relationships we obtain between velocity field and network measures show that line-like structures of high betweenness mark transition zones in the flow rather than, as previously thought, the propagation of dynamical information.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Identification of photosynthetic plankton communities using sedimentary ancient DNA and their response to late-Holocene climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014]. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 6648, doi:10.1038/srep06648.
    Beschreibung: Sediments from Tibetan lakes in NW China are potentially sensitive recorders of climate change and its impact on ecosystem function. However, the important plankton members in many Tibetan Lakes do not make and leave microscopically diagnostic features in the sedimentary record. Here we established a taxon-specific molecular approach to specifically identify and quantify sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of non-fossilized planktonic organisms preserved in a 5-m sediment core from Kusai Lake spanning the last 3100 years. The reliability of the approach was validated with multiple independent genetic markers. Parallel analyses of the geochemistry of the core and paleo-climate proxies revealed that Monsoon strength-driven changes in nutrient availability, temperature, and salinity as well as orbitally-driven changes in light intensity were all responsible for the observed temporal changes in the abundance of two dominant phytoplankton groups in the lake, Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) and Isochrysis (haptophyte algae). Collectively our data show that global and regional climatic events exhibited a strong influence on the paleoecology of phototrophic plankton in Kusai Lake.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41030211 and 41302022), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808800), and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Nos GBL11410 and GBL11201).
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 5, pp. 5520, ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-13
    Beschreibung: One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO2 (〉10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ14C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO2 rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly 14C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO2 and Δ14C. The Δ14C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH4 and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4, pp. 5848, ISSN: 2045-2322
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    Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17
    Beschreibung: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Virtual finger boosts three-dimensional imaging and microsurgery as well as terabyte volume image visualization and analysis (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4342, doi:10.1038/ncomms5342.
    Beschreibung: Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, visualization and data analysis are in strong need of powerful 3D exploration techniques. We develop virtual finger (VF) to generate 3D curves, points and regions-of-interest in the 3D space of a volumetric image with a single finger operation, such as a computer mouse stroke, or click or zoom from the 2D-projection plane of an image as visualized with a computer. VF provides efficient methods for acquisition, visualization and analysis of 3D images for roundworm, fruitfly, dragonfly, mouse, rat and human. Specifically, VF enables instant 3D optical zoom-in imaging, 3D free-form optical microsurgery, and 3D visualization and annotation of terabytes of whole-brain image volumes. VF also leads to orders of magnitude better efficiency of automated 3D reconstruction of neurons and similar biostructures over our previous systems. We use VF to generate from images of 1,107 Drosophila GAL4 lines a projectome of a Drosophila brain.
    Beschreibung: This work was mainly supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. H.P. is currently supported by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. R.W.T. and A.M. were supported by a grant MH071739 (MERIT).
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  • 13
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    Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 5385, doi:10.1038/ncomms6385.
    Beschreibung: Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.
    Beschreibung: Participation of the Sentry AUV and TETHYS team from WHOI was funded by the Arctic Research Initiative of WHOI’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute and the NASA ASTEP grant NNX09AB76G. Additional funds were made available by the AWI, the Max Planck Society and the DFG METEOR/MERIAN programme, as well as the Leibniz programme to A.B.
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  • 14
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    Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4102, doi:10.1038/ncomms5102.
    Beschreibung: Tropical south-western Pacific temperatures are of vital importance to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), but the role of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the growth of the GBR since the Last Glacial Maximum remains largely unknown. Here we present records of Sr/Ca and δ18O for Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial corals that show a considerably steeper meridional SST gradient than the present day in the central GBR. We find a 1–2 °C larger temperature decrease between 17° and 20°S about 20,000 to 13,000 years ago. The result is best explained by the northward expansion of cooler subtropical waters due to a weakening of the South Pacific gyre and East Australian Current. Our findings indicate that the GBR experienced substantial meridional temperature change during the last deglaciation, and serve to explain anomalous deglacial drying of northeastern Australia. Overall, the GBR developed through significant SST change and may be more resilient than previously thought.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FE 615/4-1), Australian Research Council (Discovery grant DP1094001), Australia and New Zealand IODP Consortium, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/H014136/1, NE/H014268/1), the Cooperative Research Program of the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research (10B039, 11A013, 11B041), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India (with partial support from DST & ISRO-GBP) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS NEXT-GR031).
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  • 15
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    Counting whales in a challenging, changing environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 4170, doi:10.1038/srep04170.
    Beschreibung: Estimating abundance of Antarctic minke whales is central to the International Whaling Commission's conservation and management work and understanding impacts of climate change on polar marine ecosystems. Detecting abundance trends is problematic, in part because minke whales are frequently sighted within Antarctic sea ice where navigational safety concerns prevent ships from surveying. Using icebreaker-supported helicopters, we conducted aerial surveys across a gradient of ice conditions to estimate minke whale density in the Weddell Sea. The surveys revealed substantial numbers of whales inside the sea ice. The Antarctic summer sea ice is undergoing rapid regional change in annual extent, distribution, and length of ice-covered season. These trends, along with substantial interannual variability in ice conditions, affect the proportion of whales available to be counted by traditional shipboard surveys. The strong association between whales and the dynamic, changing sea ice requires reexamination of the power to detect trends in whale abundance or predict ecosystem responses to climate change.
    Beschreibung: This work received funding from the following institutions: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI); Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (EL & I); German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU); the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (Wageningen IMARES); Johann Heinrich von Thu¨nen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries); the Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW); Research and Technology Centre Westcoast (FTZ) of the University Kiel. RW was funded by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal Nu 253407 (call reference: FP7- PEOPLE-2009-IIF).
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  • 16
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    MIxS-BE : a MIxS extension defining a minimum information standard for sequence data from the built environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 8 (2014): 1-3, doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.176.
    Beschreibung: The need for metadata standards for microbe sampling in the built environment.
    Beschreibung: We would like to thank the Alfred P Sloan Foundation grant FP047325-01-PR for support for this project.
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  • 17
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    A reversal of fortunes : climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in Antarctic Peninsula penguins (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5024, doi:10.1038/srep05024.
    Beschreibung: Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. Climate change produces ‘winners’, species that benefit from these events and ‘losers’, species that decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by expanding from glacial refugia, with those breeding at higher latitudes expanding most. Northern (Pygoscelis papua papua) and Southern (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) gentoo sub-species likely diverged during the LGM. Comparing historical responses with the literature on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did during post-LGM warming, expanding their range southwards. Conversely, Adélie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a ‘reversal of fortunes’ as they are now declining in the Antarctic Peninsula, the opposite of their response to post-LGM warming. This suggests current climate warming has decoupled historic population responses in the Antarctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change ‘winners’, while Adélie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change ‘losers’.
    Beschreibung: We thank the Zoological Society of London, Quark Expeditions, Exodus Travels ltd., Oceanites, the Holly Hill Charitable Trust, the Charities Advisory Trust and an U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant (ANT-0739575) for funding.
    Schlagwort(e): Climate-change ecology ; Molecular ecology ; Molecular evolution ; Population genetics
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  • 18
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    Horizontal eddy energy flux in the world oceans diagnosed from altimetry data (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5316, doi:10.1038/srep05316.
    Beschreibung: During the propagation of coherent mesoscale eddies, they directly or indirectly induce many effects and interactions at different scales, implying eddies are actually serving as a kind of energy carrier or energy source for these eddy-related dynamic processes. To quantify this dynamically significant energy flow, the multi-year averaged horizontal eddy energy fluxes (EEFs) were estimated by using satellite altimetry data and a two-layer model based on hydrographic climatology. There is a strong net westward transport of eddy energy estimated at the mean value of ~13.3 GW north of 5°N and ~14.6 GW at the band 5°S ~ 44°S in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poleward of 44°S east-propagating eddies carry their energy eastward with an averaged net flux of ~3.2 GW. If confirmed, it would signify that geostrophic eddies not only contain the most of oceanic kinetic energy (KE), but also carry and spread a significant amount of energy with them.
    Beschreibung: This study is supported by Grants XDA11010202, 2011CB403505, 2013CB430303; Projects 41306016, U1033002, 40976021 of NNSFC and LTOZZ1304.
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  • 19
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    Oceanography : oxygen and climate dynamics (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 4 (2014): 862-863, doi:10.1038/nclimate2386.
    Beschreibung: Low oxygen levels in tropical oceans shape marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry with climate change expected to expand these regions. Now, a study indicates that regional dynamics control tropical oxygen trends, bucking projected global reductions in ocean oxygen.
    Beschreibung: 2015-03-25
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  • 20
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    Extreme diving behaviour in devil rays links surface waters and the deep ocean (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4274, doi:10.1038/ncomms5274.
    Beschreibung: Ecological connections between surface waters and the deep ocean remain poorly studied despite the high biomass of fishes and squids residing at depths beyond the euphotic zone. These animals likely support pelagic food webs containing a suite of predators that include commercially important fishes and marine mammals. Here we deploy pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags on 15 Chilean devil rays (Mobula tarapacana) in the central North Atlantic Ocean, which provide movement patterns of individuals for up to 9 months. Devil rays were considered surface dwellers but our data reveal individuals descending at speeds up to 6.0 m s−1 to depths of almost 2,000 m and water temperatures 〈4 °C. The shape of the dive profiles suggests that the rays are foraging at these depths in deep scattering layers. Our results provide evidence of an important link between predators in the surface ocean and forage species occupying pelagic habitats below the euphotic zone in ocean ecosystems.
    Beschreibung: This research was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/Ministry of Education and Science (FCT/MCTES-MEC) through individual support to P.A. (Cieˆncia 2008/POPH/QREN) and J.F. (SFRH/BPD/66532/2009) and the LARSyS Strategic Project (PEst/OE/EEI/LA00009/2011). This study was support by the US National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 to S.R.T. and G.B.S.), The Harrison Foundation, Rodney and Elizabeth Berens, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (baseline research funds to M.L.B.) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
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  • 21
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5848, doi:10.1038/srep05848.
    Beschreibung: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Beschreibung: This work primarily was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs (research grants 9903744, 0538427, 0538416, 0968391, 1142166, 0632031; instrument grants 0216552, 0421412).
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  • 22
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    How unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary reconstructions of extreme flooding from New York Harbor (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 7366, doi:10.1038/srep07366.
    Beschreibung: The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.
    Beschreibung: Funding for this work was provided by the Hudson River Foundation Expedited Grant #004/12E, the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship 02–13, the National Science Foundation (RAPID grant #1313859 and instrument and facility support via grant IF-0949313), and the Dalio Explore Fund.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phorbol ester-induced activation of human platelets is associated with protein kinase C phosphorylation of myosin light chains (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 490-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, triggers platelet aggregation as well as the secretion of [14C]-serotonin from platelets11-13. The response to activation by 1 mM TPA at 37 C, with constant stirring, is more gradual than the response to activation by O.1Uml-1 thrombin and maximal aggregation ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306490a0
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron densities in active galaxies (reply) (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 503-503 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] GASKELL REPLIES-While recognizing that the main point of Jordan's comment is to attempt to correct the allegedly misleading generalizations made by Fair all1 and myself2, I must state that the size of the forbidden line emitting region in Fairall 427 is not an open question. If one looks at ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306503c0
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New gene provokes questions (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 731-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE article on page 756 from Dr P. W. J. Rigby's group at Imperial College is an intriguing document which is plainly of the utmost importance, but for reasons which, at this stage, are not fully apparent. The obvious difficulty is that the observations described bear on such a variety of important ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306731a0
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Just how objective is science? (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 727-730 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] WRITING some thirty years ago, Hermann Bondi suggested that in astronomy, observations had proven a less reliable arbiter of hypotheses than had theoretical considerations1 . Subsequent historical studies have widened and deepened knowledge of some of the instances cited by Bondi and have uncovered ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306727a0
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oncogenesis: Paradox and paradigm: the message and meaning of myc (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 733-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE cellular myc gene may, depending on your point of view, be seen as either the most illuminating or the most confusing of the cellular oncogenes. The promise of illumination lies in the overwhelming circumstantial evidence that c-myc activation in some lymphoid tumours is a direct subversion, ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306733a0
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applied molecular biology: Lignin biodegradation becomes biochemistry (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 737-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] AFTER some years of increasing interest, rapid progress is now being made in the understanding of lignin biodegradation. Research in a number of laboratories has culminated in the isolation by T.K. Kirk and Ming Tien of a purified enzyme able to depolymerize lignin1. This enzyme, isolated from the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306737a0
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neurophramacology: Endogenous opioid peptides and pain mechanisms: a complex relationship (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 739-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] ALTHOUGH an ever-increasing number of pharmacologically active peptides are being found in neurones of the central nervous system, it is still not proving possible to find out precisely what neuro-transmitter or neuromodulator functions they perform. This may not be so surprising when one remembers ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306739a0
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    100 years ago (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 741-741 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN a letter dated Tokio, October 3, Prof. James Main Dixon writes:- "During the two or three days at the end of August we enjoyed fine dry weather, but the sun was copper-coloured and had no brightness. When we got to Nikko, the people came to us to inquire if some catastrophe were impending, for ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306741a0
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cancer and cell senescence (reply) (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 742-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] CAIRNS AND LOGAN REPLY - In the first half of his letter, Dr Holliday gives three reasons for thinking that programmed cell senescence is not a protection against the development of cancer. We believe that each of the arguments is fallacious. The common human cancers, as described in textbooks of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306742b0
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dating the Crucifixion (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 743-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The date of the Crucifixion has been debated for many years, but there has been no agreement on the year nor the day. Astronomical calculations have now been used to reconstruct the Jewish calendar in the first century AD and to date a lunar eclipse that biblical and other references ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306743a0
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Composition measurements of tropospheric ions (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 747-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Tropospheric ions are of considerable interest as they have the potential to induce aerosol formation and because in situ measurements of their composition are a powerful tool for neutral trace gas detection. The first measurements of tropospheric ion compositions are now ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306747a0
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activation of a Qa/Tla class I major histocompatibility antigen gene is a general feature of oncogenesis in the mouse (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 756-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA present at elevated levels in transformed fibroblasts encodes a Qa / Tla class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen. High levels of this mRNA are found in all tumour cells tested; the transcript can undergo alternative splicing; and a repetitive ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306756a0
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photon oscillations and cosmic background radiation (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 765-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Our model of photon oscillations is a simple extension of the standard gauge theory of strong interactions wherein an additional gauged U'(l) factor is adjoined to the usual spontaneously broken SU(3) xSU(2) xU(1). Known particles transform trivially under U'(1). At this point, the model involves ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306765a0
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combustion-generated carbon particles in the Arctic atmosphere (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 768-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Graphitic particles can only be produced by combustion processes. If one excludes natural burning processes that are not expected to be a significant source during winter and spring when Arctic haze is at a maximum, then one can attribute these particles directly to anthropogenic combustion ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306768a0
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The macromolecular states of solvent-swollen and dry coal (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 772-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] More than half a century ago it was postulated that coal was a 'polymeric' or macromolecular substance1-3. However, the evidence has not been completely convincing, and the particular nature of the macromolecular state has remained uncertain. Boddy4 found that coals, which normally exhibit brittle ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306772a0
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    β -Globin gene inactivation by DNA translocation in γβ -thalassaemi (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 662-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The β-globin gene present on the deletion locus in a Dutch γβ-thalassaemic patient was found to be identical to the normal β-globin gene with respect to DNA sequence and its transcription in HeLa cells. DNase I sensitivity and methylation experiments show that the affected ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306662a0
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sunspot index infers a small relict magnetic field in the Sun's core (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 670-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The lines in the spectrum of the Zurich sunspot index in the interval 100 〈 t 〈 8 yr (where t is the period) match those of a model in which a 22-yr carrier 'wave' representing the Hale 22-yr cycle is amplitude modulated (AM) at the 90 yr (Gleissburg) period in the presence of a small but ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306670a0
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction of NO 2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 676-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] An observed deficiency of chloride ions in coastal aerosols in some locations has been attributed to a reaction of HNO3 or NO2 with NaCl (refs 7-12). Gaseous HC1 has been assumed to be the product based on studies11,12 showing that 0.1-100 p.p.m. NO2 reacted rapidly with moist NaCl aerosols to ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306676a0
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the Proterozoic mantle (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 679-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The anorthosites were emplaced into presumed Archaean quartzof eldspathic gneisses, although in large areas of the Grenville Province, both massifs and basement rocks were reworked during late Proterozoic (about 1,000 Myr) Grenvillian metamorphism5. The Adirondack anorthosite may have crystallized ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306679a0
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    Digitale Medien
    Evidence from earliest known erinaceomorph basicranium that insectivorans and primates are not closely related (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 683-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The basicranium is part of a dorsoventrally crushed skull and upper dentition of Diacodon alticuspis, an erinaceomorph from the Lower Eocene (Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age, about 52 Myr BP) of northern New Mexico7. The specimen was collected in 1946 by an American Museum of Natural ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306683a0
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  • 43
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    Digitale Medien
    Substance P in the ascending cholinergic reticular system (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 688-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used to identify the cholinergic and substance P-containing neurones of the midbrain and pontine tegmentum of young adult male rats (150-200 g, Wistar). To increase the levels of ChAT and substance P in cell bodies, the animals were given an injection of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306688a0
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  • 44
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    Digitale Medien
    Chemical basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 694-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] There is considerable evidence that the major immunogen is situated on VP1, one of the four capsid proteins1-5. Furthermore, the position of the major immunogenic site on VP1 of virus of serotype 0 has been shown to lie within the amino acid tract 141-1606-8. The same region of VP1 from other ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306694a0
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Mimicking the alloantigenicity of proteins with chemically synthesized peptides differing in single amino acids (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The Thy-1 glycoprotein exists in two allotypic forms, Thy 1.1 and Thy 1.2 (ref. 4). It has been proposed that an arginine residue at position 89 corresponds to the Thy 1.1 allotype and a glutamine residue to Thy 1.2 (ref. 5). Since the two proteins differ by only a single residue, they offered a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306697a0
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  • 46
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    Digitale Medien
    Instability of the Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense metacyclic variable antigen repertoire (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 699-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, causative agent of East African sleeping sickness in man, also infects domestic and game animals. As the sole criterion for distinguishing T. b. rhodesiense from T. b. brucei is the former's infectivity to man, any T. brucei group stock isolated from reservoir host ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306699a0
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  • 47
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    Digitale Medien
    A yeast gene encoding a protein homologous to the human c- has/bas proto-oncogene product (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Previously we have isolated two recombinant plasmids (pYA102 and pYA208) containing overlapping DNA fragments which harbour the yeast actin gene8,9. In studying the region 5' to the actin gene we detected another gene whose transcription product is a polysomal RNA coding for a protein of 20,000 ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306704a0
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  • 48
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    Digitale Medien
    ras -Related gene sequences identified and isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 707-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses have been named ras oncogenes because these two oncogenic retroviruses were originally isolated by passage of murine leukaemia viruses in rats1. The ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus has been named v-rasH and that of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306707a0
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    Digitale Medien
    Selective unfolding of erythroid chromatin in the region of the active β -globin gene (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 709-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] We have previously shown that linker histone (H1 and H5) induced chromatin condensation, as measured by electron microscopy, is directly proportional to the sedimentation rate5. Here we have used the sedimentation rate of chromatin as the primary measure of its higher order folding. Our ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306709a0
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  • 50
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    Digitale Medien
    Staying neutral on evolution (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 713-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THIS is the book we have been waiting for. Fifteen years ago, the neutral theory was proposed by Kimura, and independently by King and Jukes. In Kimura's formulation, it made two assertions. First, chance events have been more important than natural selection in bringing about evolutionary changes ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306713a0
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    Digitale Medien
    Hazy atmosphere (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE realization in the early 1970s that free radicals are a normal component of the Earth's lower atmosphere revolutionized our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and its role in the larger biogeo-chemical cycling of the elements. However, the advances made in this field over the past decade ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306714a0
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  • 52
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    Digitale Medien
    The good, the bad and the ugly (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 714-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] As most historians portray it, science is a linear sequence of triumphant discoveries. Occasionally we hear of scientists who were mistaken, just so long as they were mistaken in big ways. But most scientists fail in the most literal sense of this term. They may publish a few papers, but these ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306714b0
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  • 53
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    Digitale Medien
    [Book Reviews ‘picture story’] (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 715-715 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] GLIMPSE of 1986 - an artist's impression of the International Solar Polar Mission spacecraft (which is now completed) atop a Centaur upper stage after its deployment from the Space Shuttle. The illustration is taken from a new publication of the European Space Agency, The International Solar Polar ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306715a0
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  • 54
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    Digitale Medien
    Pensioners mean problems (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 521-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] How, in the long run, can a modern state hope to deal equitably with its pensioners, especially if a substantial fraction of its putatively working population is forced into premature pensionhood by unemployment? And what if the social burden of the unemployment rolls will in any case be made ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306521a0
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    Digitale Medien
    What rights for animals? (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] ROBERT Nozick, the Harvard University philosopher, wrote last week in the New York Times that animal rights is a subject that seems to attract cranks. The distinguishing feature of a crank, he was quick to point out, is not merely preoccupation with a single issue; the solving of the world's ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306522a0
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  • 56
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    Digitale Medien
    Science for the young (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 522-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] How would you find out whether a ball that bounces best on one surface bounces best on all surfaces? How would you tell why a snail will not cross a ring of salty water? These are some of the questions that have been put to 11-year-olds in British primary schools by a group of investigators from ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306522b0
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  • 57
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    Digitale Medien
    UK agriculture research: Plans for 250 jobs to go (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) has now completed its strategic plan, intended as an adaptation to the expected substantial drop in its share of the science budget over the next few years. The plan, which has not yet been ratified, will be discussed next week at a meeting of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306523b0
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  • 58
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    Digitale Medien
    Words from space (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 523-523 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] NATURE is able today to report the exciting news that there is life - of a kind - in outer space. Through the marvels of modern communications, President Ronald Reagan, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of West Germany, your correspondent and a few other European journalists were able on Monday to direct ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306523c0
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  • 59
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    Digitale Medien
    Institute settles lawsuit (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California, has settled yet another lawsuit brought by a former employee who claimed to have been dismissed from a tenured research position. Dr Fred West all, who worked at the institute in 1978 and 1979, had accused Pauling of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306524b0
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  • 60
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    Digitale Medien
    World Unification Church: Mixed motives at conclave (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 524-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Chicago UNDAUNTED by 12 years of intermittent controversy, distinguished academics continue to flock to the annual conference on "the unity of the sciences" sponsored by Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. This year's conference, held here last week, heard the Nobel economist F.A. Hayek ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306524a0
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    Digitale Medien
    UK environment: Conservation plans go awry (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE Wildlife and Countryside Act, introduced two years ago, has run into serious trouble. British conservation groups are complaining that the act fails to provide adequate protection to places designated by the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). The ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306525a0
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  • 62
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    Digitale Medien
    Finnish environment: New ministry's teething problems (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] FINLAND is planning a massive modification of its environmental legislation over the next ten years. At present, the laws of environmental protection are a confused collection of ad hoc acts introduced piecemeal to cope with specific problems. The need for a legislative review was underlined by the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306525b0
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    Digitale Medien
    European biotechnology: Surplus food into feedstock (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] OUT of the political and economic gloom over the Athens summit earlier this week, where European Prime Ministers were attempting to thrash out a solution to the European Community's burgeoning "budget problem", officials were hoping for a little "green light" for biotechnology. The heads of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306526a0
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  • 64
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    Digitale Medien
    French computers: Double-deal at Orsay (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] EVEN if French academic computing power is behind that of the United Kingdom and West Germany (see Nature304,298; 1983), things may be looking up. After two years of often bitter negotiations, the biggest scientific campus in France - the Universit de Paris Sud at Orsay - has at last been granted a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306526b0
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    Digitale Medien
    Australian telecommunications: Private sector at arms' length (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Canberra THE Labour Government has been busily reversing the free-market bent of Mr Malcolm Eraser's policy on telecommunications in order to keep it in the public sector. The latest policy reversal is the decision on 15 November to retain full ownership of Aussat Pty Ltd, the company set up to ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306527a0
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    Digitale Medien
    Laboratory animals: Huxley attacks “animal rightists” (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 527-527 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN a stout defence of laboratory animal experiments, Sir Andrew Huxley, president of the Royal Society, last week let slip that he personally countersigns 1,500 applications a year by researchers to the Home Office - and that he sends about 100 of them back for amendment before adding his ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306527b0
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    Digitale Medien
    Collective phenomena: Absent Soviet friends (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Stockholm THE Sixth International Conference on Collective Phenomena last week cast light on the problem of scientific "refusniks" in the Soviet Union. Although many Western scientists have in the past ten years visited the regular Sunday seminars organized by the refusniks (Jewish scientists ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306528b0
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    Digitale Medien
    Scientific publishing: Academic backs down on books (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] EUROPEAN publishers were last week astounded by the announcement by Academic Press London (APL) that it is to make redundant more than half of its 247-strong workforce. The recent history of APL has been troubled (see Nature 303, 192; 1983) and changes were expected, but the scale of job losses ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306528a0
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    Digitale Medien
    Factor VIII cloning (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-528 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] GENETICS Institute, the Cambridge (Massachusetts) biotechnology corporation, claimed last week important progress towards the production of factor VIII, the blood-clotting agent in which haemophiliacs are deficient. The institute says that it should have been able to clone and express the gene for ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306528d0
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    Digitale Medien
    Creationism: Still in evidence in Texas (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 528-529 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] RELIGIOUS fundamentalists are shifting their efforts to local school boards, having largely failed in the courts and state legislatures to force the teaching of "creation science" in public schools. The current multiplicity of relatively low-key efforts seems, at least in some areas, to be paying ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306528c0
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    Digitale Medien
    UK biotechnology: Where there's muck … (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 529-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] ENCOURAGING signs of life in British biotechnology have been discovered by Biotechnology Investments Limited (BIL), the two-and-a-half-year-old company sponsored by the merchant bank N. M. Rothschild & Sons Limited. Since the end of May, when BIL's second annual report showed investments of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306529a0
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  • 72
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    Digitale Medien
    Numerology (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 530-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] SIR - In the argument about numerology (Nature 7 July, p. 11 and 1 September, p.8), both the numerologists and their critics miss the point. Being impressed by the near match of numbers does not make science, nor is it scientific simply to stress the remaining inaccuracy and complain of the lack of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306530e0
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  • 73
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    Digitale Medien
    Yrast phenomena in fashion (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 531-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] LEXICOGRAPHERS have been dismayed, but word-game players no doubt delighted, by the appearence on the scene of the word yrast, one of the rare contributions of the Swedish language to international usage. (The word is apparently the superlative of the adjective gr, which means "dizzy".) Its ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306531a0
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  • 74
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    Digitale Medien
    Deep Sea Drilling Project: Sediment drifts and intraplate tectonics in the North Atlantic (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 532-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] ON 17 August 1983, the GlomarChallenger docked in St. John's, Newfoundland, with more than two miles of sediment cored from a climatically critical region of the North Atlantic Ocean. This ended a voyage begun 55 days earlier in Norfolk, Virginia, that took the Challenger to a transect of six sites ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306532a0
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  • 75
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    Digitale Medien
    International ethological conference: The evolutionary basis of behaviour (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 533-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN its early days, the science of ethology was devoted largely to the description of the behaviour patterns of animals. Today, however, the subject encompasses a wide range of disciplines, as indicated by the themes of the Plenary Sessions at the 18th International Ethological Conference*: ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306533a0
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  • 76
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    Digitale Medien
    Molecular biology: Exons : present from the beginning? (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 535-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] SINCE introns and exons were discovered six years ago, the split organization of eukaryotic genes has been seen as a mechanism for enhancing the rateof evolutionary change. First, Gilbert1 put forward the important hypothesis that exons correspond to protein functions which can be reshuffled by ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306535a0
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  • 77
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    Digitale Medien
    Immunology: The I–J paradox remains unsolved (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 537-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] THE I region of the mouse major histo-compatibility complex (H-2) codesfor cell surface glycoproteins referred to as class II molecules but previously known as I-region associated or Ia antigens. The class II molecules areheterodimers of two trans-membrane glycoproteins, a 32,000 molecular ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306537a0
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  • 78
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    Digitale Medien
    Immunology: HLA class II antigens and monoclonal antibodies (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 538-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] AT a recent workshop* in Edinburgh investigators from forty different laboratories grappled with the idiosyncratic properties of more than 100 monoclonal antibodies raised against HLA Class II antigens. These glycoproteins, also known as la antigens, are of great interest because of their ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306538a0
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  • 79
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    Digitale Medien
    Immunology: Mitochondria and the major histocompatibility complex (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 539-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Two new papers appearing in Nature1,2 add those with an interest in mitochondria to the ever-growing list of scientists required to understand something of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Not so many years ago the MHC was commonly thought to be too complex to be comprehensible to all ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306539a0
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  • 80
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    Digitale Medien
    Invertebrate endocrinology: Steroids…the earliest hormones (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 540-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] ECDYSTEROIDS, the hormones controlling development in arthropods and present in certain plant families, have now been found in helminth parasites of humans and livestock (trematodes1, filarial nematodes2 and cestodes3,4). As reported at a recent conference*, one result - of great potential ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306540a0
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  • 81
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    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogen isotopic evidence of rhyolitic magma degassing during shallow intrusion and eruption (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Deuterium and water contents of rhyolite obsidian tephra clasts and lava flows sampled in the western USA decrease within each eruptive sequence, from D- and H2O-rich, explosive (Plinian) eruptions, to D- and H2O-depleted lava flows. These changes result not from volatile ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306541a0
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  • 82
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    Digitale Medien
    Formation of fossil hydrothermal chimneys and mounds from Silvermines, Ireland (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Sulphur isotope analyses reveal that the fossil hydrothermal pyrite mound and tubes at Silvermines were produced by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe(II) with bacteriogenically-reduced sulphur species (δ34S range:−18.4 to −42.5%). This took place in a brine pool ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306545a0
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  • 83
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    Digitale Medien
    Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Nucleotide sequence and deletion analysis have been used to identify the regulatory and coding sequences comprising the cholera toxin operon (ctx). Incorporation of defined in vitro-generated ctx deletion mutations into Vibrio cholerae by in vivo genetic recombination produced strains which have ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306551a0
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  • 84
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    Digitale Medien
    Cell-specific expression controlled by the 5′-flanking region of insulin and chymotrypsin genes (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] DNA sequences containing the 5′-flanking regions of the insulin and chymotrypsin genes were linked to the coding sequence of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The insulin gene recombinant elicits preferential expression of CAT activity when introduced into cells producing ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306557a0
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  • 85
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    Digitale Medien
    Pure β -adrenergic receptor: the single polypeptide confers catecholamine responsiveness to adenylate cyclase (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 562-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The β-adrenergic receptor binding subunits from frog erythrocytes, hamster lung and guinea pig lung have been purified to apparent homogeneity and in all cases reside on a single polypeptide. Insertion of the pure receptors into phospholipid vesicles and subsequent fusion of these vesicles ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306562a0
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  • 86
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    Digitale Medien
    Radio discovery of a young supernova (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] We have three sets of observations on which the actual discovery7 of a radio supernova in NGC4258 is based: (1) a combination of data taken with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in 1974-75 and data taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) in June 1979 at 1,415 and 1,480 MHz ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306566a0
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  • 87
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    Digitale Medien
    CCD images of the 6.1 ms pulsar field (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 568-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The short-period end of the pulsar distribution is dominated by the Crab and Vela pulsars: they are typical young objects with a vigorous energy output, and, because of their unique evolutionary status, have served as a basis for much of the theoretical debate on pulsars' emission mechanisms (see, ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306568a0
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  • 88
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    Digitale Medien
    Actively transcribed genes are associated with the nuclear matrix (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 607-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] DNA attached to a protein matrix was isolated from hen oviducts and digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. The released (85% of total) and bound (15% of total) fractions were separated quantitatively and analysed by gel electrophoresis, blotted to nitrocellulose by the method of Southern13 and ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306607a0
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  • 89
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    Digitale Medien
    Sequence of cDNA encoding human insulin-like growth factor I precursor (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 609-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] For the isolation of IGF-I cDNA we used a cDNA library derived from human adult liver12. This library was constructed by preparing double-stranded cDNA from poly (A)-containing mRNA and inserting it into the Pstl restriction site of the pBR322 derivative pKT21813, using the dG-dC tailing technique. ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306609a0
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  • 90
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    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between a DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism and C4A6 protein (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 615-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Genomic DNA was prepared from peripheral blood of individuals typed for C4 and samples were digested with various restriction endonucleases, the resulting fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose filters and hybridized with a 32P-labelled cDNA probe known to ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306615a0
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  • 91
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    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 611-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] A human genomic DNA library22 was screened for phage carrying preproenkephalin B (alternatively designated prepro-dynorphin) gene sequences by hybridization in situ23 at 60 C with a porcine cDNA probe1. To examine whether the initial phage clones thus obtained carried the entire mRNA-coding ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306611a0
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  • 92
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    Digitale Medien
    Plasmids of the same Inc groups in Enterobacteria before and after the medical use of antibiotics (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 616-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Among a collection of Enterobacteriaceae made by E. D. G. Murray between 1917 and 1954, 84 (19%) transferred conjugative plasmids to E. coli K-12. Of these, 36 determined colicinogeny, one determined tellurite resistance and 47 were cryptic1. We labelled cryptic conjugative plasmids with antibiotic ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306616a0
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  • 93
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    Digitale Medien
    Diminished in vitro tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor of senescent human fibroblasts (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 617-620 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] We first related the ability of EGF to stimulate DNA synthesis with expression of EGF receptors by WI-38 cells of various in vitro ages. The in vitro age of WI-38 cultures was monitored using two indices, population doubling level (PDL)22 and per cent of the replicative lifespan completed (PLC)23; ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306617a0
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  • 94
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    Digitale Medien
    Phosphorylation-dependent contraction of actomyosin gels from amphibian eggs (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 620-622 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Procedures used for preparation of high-speed cytoplasmic extracts (HSE) from Xenopus eggs are outlined in Fig. 1. When HSE is incubated at 18-25 C, a distinct gel forms which slowly contracts over a period of 12-24 h. Actin is a main component of the gel as shown by the following criteria: (1) a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306620a0
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  • 95
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    Digitale Medien
    Frank Yang and physics (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-623 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] WHEN distinguished physicists reach the age of sixty - or some similar milestone - it is not unusual to celebrate the occasion by bringing out a festschrift made up of papers written on request by friends and colleagues. These volumes must be a source of satisfaction to the person so honoured but ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306623a0
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  • 96
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    Digitale Medien
    Low profiles (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 623-624 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN his Presidential Address to the Geochemical Society in 1976, Karl Turekian said "... one has the feeling that the whole field of trace metal marine geochemistry would have been a completely dull one over the past fifty years if it weren't for analytical errors! The startling conclusion, as the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306623b0
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  • 97
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    Digitale Medien
    Biology: the search for culture (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 624-625 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] EVOLUTIONARY theory is as attractive to biologists now as it has ever been. Most social scientists, however, continue to resist its allure, recalling the malign influence of nineteenth century evolutionism in the social arena. It is no surprise, then, that these two books on the relationship ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306624a0
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  • 98
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    Digitale Medien
    Scattered thoughts (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 625-625 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] BLUE skies and red sunsets intrigued Leonardo de Vinci and stimulated some of the best scientific compositions of Tyndall and Lord Rayleigh. While no longer an enigma to a generation which was exposed to essays on sky colour in the classics of children's scientific literature and which witnessed ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306625a0
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  • 99
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    Digitale Medien
    Anomalous science (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 626-626 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] FASCINATING insights into the evolution of nature's elements and the subsequent history of our Solar System can be obtained from the study of elemental abundances and isotopic anomalies in terrestrial, meteoritic and lunar materials. In this book, Paul Kuroda examines some of the facets of this ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306626a0
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The rhythm of Barro Colorado (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 306 (1983), S. 625-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN 1980, T.C. Whitmore wrote: "The second half of the twentieth century will stand in history as the brief period during which Man reduced the area of the richest and most complex ecosystems in the world by one third". The ecosystems he referred to, of course, are the world's tropical rain forests ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306625b0
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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