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  • Other Sources  (591)
  • SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (554)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (413)
  • 1980-1984  (161)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • 1930-1934  (7)
  • 1925-1929  (8)
  • 1992  (413)
  • 1982  (161)
  • 1972  (2)
  • 1933  (2)
  • 1931  (5)
  • 1927  (5)
  • 1925  (3)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (413)
  • 1980-1984  (161)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
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  • 1
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    In:  Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 207, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1931
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Meteorology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 2
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 2255-2258, pp. 1012, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; earth Core ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; GRL
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  • 3
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    In:  Nature, Bonn, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 298, no. B1, pp. 609-613, pp. B01401, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Low frequency ... ; (The Earth's free) oscillations ; NOModelling
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  • 4
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    In:  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Bonn, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. A308, no. B1, pp. 479-522, pp. B01401, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Quality factor ; Rheology ; Low frequency ... ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Physical properties of rocks
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  • 5
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 108, no. 4-5, pp. 71-88, pp. L08305
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; CRUST ; Rayleigh waves ; Inversion ; Velocity analysis ; GJI
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  • 6
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 239-247, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1927
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Tectonics ; Inelastic ; Plate tectonics
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  • 7
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Geophysik, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 371-377, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1927
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; CRUST
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  • 8
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 281-291, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1927
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Tectonics ; Inelastic ; Plate tectonics
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  • 9
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    In:  Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 170-171, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: CRUST ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Velocity depth profile
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  • 10
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., London, AGU, vol. 75, no. 15, pp. 55-62, pp. L15613, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Tomography ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile ; PEPI
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  • 11
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    Bornträger
    In:  Berlin, 8 + 168 S., Bornträger, vol. 3, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Publication Date: 1925
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 12
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    Cambridge University Press
    In:  A Continent Revealed - the European Geotraverse, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37, pp. 33-69, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; European Geotraverse ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; Muller
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  • 13
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    In:  Tectonophys., Jena, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 207, no. 2, pp. 43-64
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Refraction seismics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 14
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    In:  Tectonophysics, Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 207, no. 8, pp. 141-163, pp. L08305
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: CRUST ; earth mantle ; Seismology ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Physical properties of rocks ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Babuska
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  • 15
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    In:  Tectonophys., Bonn, Pergamon, vol. 208, no. 4, pp. 149-158, pp. 2018, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Three dimensional ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 16
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    In:  Pan Am. Geologist, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 373-374, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1931
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Seismics (controlled source seismology)
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  • 17
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 87-94, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1931
    Keywords: Geothermics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Meteorology
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  • 18
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    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Milano, Gustav Fischer, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 216-223, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1931
    Keywords: earth mantle ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; BSSA
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  • 19
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Roma, Acad. Roy. des Sciences, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 63-76, pp. B04102, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Location ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile ; PEPI
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  • 20
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 89-102, pp. 1013, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Location ; Hypocenter determination ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Travel time ; Velocity depth profile ; PEPI
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  • 21
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    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Army Corps of Engineers, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, vol. 97, no. 18, pp. 19827-19844, pp. L18607, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Reflection seismics ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; JGR
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  • 22
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    In:  Ann. Geophys., London, Dt. Geophys. Ges. e. V., vol. 28, no. 20, pp. 247-256, pp. B05401, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1972
    Keywords: Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Review article
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  • 23
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    In:  Physikalische Zeitschrift, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 258-260, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1925
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology
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  • 24
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    In:  Die Naturwissenschaften, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 360-362, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1925
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Velocity analysis
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  • 25
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    In:  Geologische Rundschau, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 148-149, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1927
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Tectonics ; Inelastic ; Plate tectonics
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  • 26
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    In:  Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 356-365, pp. L24306, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Publication Date: 1927
    Keywords: Travel time ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Body waves ; Velocity depth profile
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  • 27
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Minsk, Polish Geothermal Association, vol. 75, no. 2-4, pp. 77-88, pp. 2339, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Three dimensional ; Location ; Hypocenter determination ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Velocity depth profile ; PEPI
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  • 28
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    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 259-274, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Moment tensor ; Inversion ; GJI
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  • 29
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    Bornträger
    In:  Professional Paper, Handbuch der Geophysik, Volume 2: Der Aufbau der Erde (finished), 15 + 1119 S., Berlin, Bornträger, vol. 3, no. VIIa, pp. 440-564, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1931
    Keywords: Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Seismology ; Review article
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  • 30
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    Gustav Fischer
    In:  Professional Paper, Handwörterbuch der Naturwissenschaften Bd. 3, Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 3, no. VIIa, pp. 762-774, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Publication Date: 1933
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 31
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    Inst. f. Meteor. and Geoph., FU Berlin
    In:  Preprint, Washington, D.C., Inst. f. Meteor. and Geoph., FU Berlin, vol. 10, no. WS-693 7-83, pp. 58-85, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Review article ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses !
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  • 32
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    Institut für Geophysik
    In:  Dissertation, Berichte, Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Geophysik, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1386-1387, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Waves ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Surface waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 33
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    In:  Nature, Veldhoven, Kluwer, vol. 359, no. 1-4, pp. 627-, pp. 2502, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; earth Core ; earth mantle
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  • 34
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    In:  Nature, Veldhoven, Kluwer, vol. 356, no. 1-4, pp. 678-, pp. 2502, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Layers ; Geothermics ; Subduction zone ; Velocity depth profile
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  • 35
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    Edward Arnold
    In:  London, Edward Arnold, vol. 70, pp. 158, (ISBN 3-9808780-0-7)
    Publication Date: 1982
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Modelling ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; GeodesyY ; Seismology ; Finite Element Method
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  • 36
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    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Houston, Akademie-Verlag, vol. 19, no. 1-2, pp. 1563-1566, pp. L08310, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; earth mantle ; GRL
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  • 37
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    Inst. für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
    In:  Diplomarbeit, Hannover, Inst. für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 15, pp. 67-73, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Ray seismics ; Ray parameter ; Seismology ; earth Core ; earth mantle ; P-waves ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; Diffraction
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper presents the results of a transient computer simulation that was developed to study phase change energy storage techniques for Space Station Freedom (SSF) solar dynamic (SD) power systems. Such SD systems may be used in future growth SSF configurations. Two solar dynamic options are considered in this paper: Brayton and Rankine. Model elements consist of a single node receiver and concentrator, and takes into account overall heat engine efficiency and power distribution characteristics. The simulation not only computes the energy stored in the receiver phase change material (PCM), but also the amount of the PCM required for various combinations of load demands and power system mission constraints. For a solar dynamic power system in low earth orbit, the amount of stored PCM energy is calculated by balancing the solar energy input and the energy consumed by the loads corrected by an overall system efficiency. The model assumes an average 75 kW SD power system load profile which is connected to user loads via dedicated power distribution channels. The model then calculates the stored energy in the receiver and subsequently estimates the quantity of PCM necessary to meet peaking and contingency requirements. The model can also be used to conduct trade studies on the performance of SD power systems using different storage materials.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Space Power - Resources, Manufacturing and Development (ISSN 0883-6272); 11; 3-4; p. 195-207
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Presented here are results of a test program undertaken to further define the response of the solar dynamic radiator to hypervelocity impact (HVI). Tests were conducted on representative radiator panels (under ambient, nonoperating conditions) over a range of velocity. Target parameters are also varied. Data indicate that analytical penetration predictions are conservative (i.e., pessimistic) for the specific configuration of the solar dynamic radiator. Test results are used to define the solar dynamic radiator reliability with respect to HVI more rigorously than previous studies. Test data, reliability, and survivability results are presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (ISSN 0199-6231); p. 142-149.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 29; 4; p. 453-459.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Attention is given to a space-borne engine plume experiment study to fly an experiment which will both verify and quantify the reduced contamination from advanced rhenium-iridium earth-storable bipropellant rockets (hot rockets) and provide a correlation between high-fidelity, in-space measurements and theoretical plume and surface contamination models. The experiment conceptual design is based on survey results from plume and contamination technologists throughout the U.S. With respect to shuttle use, cursory investigations validate Hitchhiker availability and adaptability, adequate remote manipulator system (RMS) articulation and dynamic capability, acceptable RMS attachment capability, adequate power and telemetry capability, and adequate flight altitude and attitude/orbital capability.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: Optical system contamination: Effects, measurement, control III, Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-32476 12-19); p. 2-13.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Mars Environmental Survey Mission (MESUR) is intended to be a low cost, near term mission to study the chemical composition of Martian surface, structure and circulation of Mars' atmosphere, and the structure and dynamics of Mars' interior. To meet the science objectives of the mission, a network of 16 landers will be placed at various latitudes and longitudes of Mars. The paper identifies various options for powering the landers and lists the attributes of each option. The current strategy is to precede the lander launch and deployment with an engineering demo mission called the Pathfinder which would demonstrate the landing strategy and the engineering subsystems. The paper briefly describes the challenges involved in the power system development for the Pathfinder mission.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.313-1.318.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Photovoltaic Array Space Power Plus Diagnostics flight experiment (PASP+) subsumes twelve solar array modules which represent the state of the art in the space photovoltaic array industry. Each of the twelve modules individually feature specific photovoltaic technologies such as advanced semiconductor materials, multi-bandgap structures, lightweight array designs, advanced interconnect technologies, or concentrator array designs. This paper will describe each module in detail including the configuration, components, materials, anticipated on orbit performance, and some of the aspects of each array technology. The layout of each module and the photovoltaic cells or array cross section will be presented graphically. A discussion on the environmental constraints and materials selection will be included as well as a delineation of the differences between the modules and the baseline array configuration in its intended application.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.295-1.301.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Utilizing commercial or military satellites as testbeds for subsystems is a potential platform for small devices. Electric propulsion is a viable and upcoming subsystem that is of high interest to planetary mission engineers as well as commercial satellite developers. It is proposed that by incorporating small lightweight electric propulsion devices onto small satellites as external or 'bolt-on' experiments, an increase in the number of flight opportunities can occur. Specific problems are spacecraft body interaction, contamination effects, thermal interface problems, power conditioning control electronics, and propulsion feed system interfaces.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: Space Congress, 29th, Cocoa Beach, FL, Apr. 21-24, 1992, Proceedings (A93-25276 08-12); p. 7-7 to 7-17.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A great deal of experimentation and analysis was performed to quantify penetration thresholds of components which will experience orbital debris impacts. Penetration was found to depend upon mission specific parameters such as orbital altitude, inclination, and orientation of the component; and upon component specific parameters such as material, density and the geometry particular to its shielding. Experimental results are highly dependent upon shield configuration and cannot be extrapolated with confidence to alternate shield configurations. Also, current experimental capabilities are limited to velocities which only approach the lower limit of predicted orbital debris velocities. Therefore, prediction of the penetrating particle size for a particular component having a complex geometry remains highly uncertain. An approach is described which was developed to assess on-orbit survivability of the solar dynamic radiator due to micrometeoroid and space debris impacts. Preliminary analyses are presented to quantify the solar dynamic radiator survivability, and include the type of particle and particle population expected to defeat the radiator bumpering (i.e., penetrate a fluid flow tube). Results of preliminary hypervelocity impact testing performed on radiator panel samples (in the 6 to 7 km/sec velocity range) are also presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ASME, Transactions, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (ISSN 0199-6231); p. 135-141.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: All solar arrays have biased surfaces that can be exposed to the space environment. It has been observed that when the array bias is less than a few hundred volts negative, then the exposed conductive surfaces may undergo arcing in the space plasma. A theory for arcing is developed on these high voltage solar arrays that ascribes the arcing to electric field runaway at the interface of the plasma, conductor, and solar cell dielectric. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory for the High Voltage Solar Array experiment that will fly on the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU) in 1994. The theory was compared in detail with the experiment and shown to give a reasonable explanation for the data. The combined theory and ground experiments were then used to develop predictions for the SFU flight.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 29; 4; p. 538-554.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Issues affecting the long-term operational performance of the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) are discussed, with particular attention given to circuit electrical integrity from shadowed and cracked cell modules. The successful integration of individual advanced array components provides a doubling of array specific performance from the previous NASA-developed advanced array (SAFE). Flight test modules both recently fabricated and under fabrication are described. The development of advanced high-performance blanket technology for future APSA enhancement is presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 6 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 6.29-6.34.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results are presented from a study of the coupling of an SP-100 nuclear reactor with either a Stirling or Brayton power system, at the 100 kWe level, for a power generating system suitable for operation in the lunar and Martian surface environments. In the lunar environment, the reactor and primary coolant loop would be contained in a guard vessel to protect from a loss of primary loop containment. For Mars, all refractory components, including the reactor, coolant, and power conversion components will be contained in a vacuum vessel for protection against the CO2 environment.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.33-1.39.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The solar dynamic power system chosen by NASA for Space Station Freedom SSF requires validation in the vacuum/microgravity environment. The planned ground tests of a proof-of-concept 2 kWe solar dynamic system with address subsystem integration issues involving such major system components as the behavior of thermal energy storage materials. This test scheme will be scalable to 25 kWe, and will be flight-configured to incorporate features of the SSF's power module design.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.455-1.459.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: NASA-Marshall conducted a study of electrical power system faults with a view to the development of AI control systems for a spacecraft power system breadboard. The results of this study have been applied to a multichannel high voltage dc spacecraft power system, the Large Autonomous Spacecraft Electrical Power System (LASEPS) breadboard. Some of the faults encountered in testing LASEPS included the shorting of a bus an a falloff in battery cell capacity.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.159-1.164.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 29; 4; p. 444-452.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A new approach for development of a 50-kW directly solar-pumped iodine laser (DSPIL) system as a space-based power station was made using a confocal unstable resonator (CUR). The CUR-based DSPIL has advantages, such as performance enhancement, reduction of total mass, and simplicity which alleviates the complexities inherent in the previous system, master oscillator/power amplifier (MOPA) configurations. In this design, a single CUR-based DSPIL with 50-kW output power was defined and compared to the MOPA-based DSPIL. Integration of multiple modules for power requirements more than 50-kW is physically and structurally a sound approach as compared to building a single large system. An integrated system of multiple modules can respond to various mission power requirements by combining and aiming the coherent beams at the user's receiver.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 2.305-2.311.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The NASA-sponsored 2kW(e) Solar Dynamic Space Power System Ground Test Demonstration Program requires the physical and the thermodynamic integration of the Brayton Isotope Power System (BIPS) Turboalternator-Compressor (TAC) and recuperator with a heat receiver, solar concentrator, and radiator based on Space Station Freedom designs. The aim of the designs is to provide a cost-effective, minimal-risk, viable ground test system. This paper describes the BIPS TAC configuration and performance characteristics along with the cycle analysis of BIPS TAC.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 2.239-2.244.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: As the principal contractor to NASA-Lewis Research Center, Mechanical Technology Incorporated is under contract to develop free-piston Stirling power converters in the context of the competitive multiyear Space Stirling Technology Program. The first generation Stirling power converter, the component test power converter (CTPC) initiated cold end testing in 1991, with hot testing scheduled for summer of 1992. This paper reviews the test progress of the CTPC and discusses the potential of Stirling technology for various potential missions at given point designs of 250 watts, 2500 watts, and 25,000 watts.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 2.225-2.231.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) solar array consists of two identical double roll-out wings designed after the Hughes flexible roll-up solar array (FRUSA) and was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to meet specified HST power output requirements at the end of 2 years, with a functional lifetime of 5 years. The requirement that the HST solar array remain functional both mechanically and electrically during its 5-year lifetime meant that the array must withstand 30,000 low Earth orbit (LEO) thermal cycles between approximately +100 and -100 C. In order to evaluate the ability of the array to meet this requirement, an accelerated thermal cycle test in vacuum was conducted at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), using two 128-cell solar array modules which duplicated the flight HST solar array. Several other tests were performed on the modules. The thermal cycle test was interrupted after 2,577 cycles, and a 'cold-roll' test was performed on one of the modules in order to evaluate the ability of the flight array to survive an emergency deployment during the dark (cold) portion of an orbit. A posttest static shadow test was performed on one of the modules in order to analyze temperature gradients across the module. Finally, current in-flight electrical performance data from the actual HST flight solar array will be tested.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.423-1.431.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: NASA's HST uses Ni-H2 batteries. NASA-Marshall has been conducting developmental tests of such batteries in both six-battery and 22-cell single battery arrays. Tests have recently been conducted on such batteries with a view to the possible need to free additional memory in the HST onboard computer; the electrical power system could contribute to this end by eliminating its software control charge mode capability, which requires significant computer memory capacity.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 1.111-1.115.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An evaluation is made of the potential benefits of C60 molecules as a basis for ion propulsion. Because C60 is storable, its use may result in a larger usable propellant fraction than previous methods of cluster ion propulsion. C60 may also relax such engineering constraints as grid spacing, which restrict the performance of noble gas ion propulsion. The behavior of C60 in a plasma discharge environment, as well as various electron impact cross sections of the molecule, will greatly afftect the feasibility of the concept.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 6; p. 1297-1300.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 3, Ma; 709-713
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics (ISSN 0731-5090); 15; 5, Se; 1149-115
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: MgF2 was investigated as a phase-change energy-storage material for LEO power systems using solar heat to run thermal cycles. It provides a high heat of fusion per unit mass at a high melting point (1536 K). Theoretical evaluation showed the basic chemical compatibility of liquid MgF2 with refractory metals at 1600 K, though transient high pressures of H2 can occur in a closed container due to reaction with residual moisture. The compatibility was tested in two refractory metal containers for over 2000 h. Some showed no deterioration, while there was evidence that the fluoride reacted with hafnium in others. Corollary tests showed that the MgF2 supercooled by 10-30 K and 50-90 K.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 5, Se; 1087-109
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  • 61
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The development of a high-efficiency CW YLF laser doped with Er,Tm,Ho: and featuring a strongly focusing resonator that collects a high density of pump power on the active crystal is described. The emission is investigated at 2.06 microns and a tuning range both at liquid-nitrogen (77 K) and at dry-ice (210 K) temperature. The noise characteristics and the long-term power stability of the laser is studied with an eye to employing this source for high-resolution spectroscopy in the 2-micron wavelength region. The detection of several absorption lines of NH3 at low pressure is described. The output power of the laser as a function of the power impinging on the crystal for different transmission of the output mirror is illustrated. The best result obtained is 1.46 W output for 3.2 W of argon pump. The minimum threshold achieved is 3.5 mW with a 1-percent transmission mirror. It is concluded that it is possible to develop a highly efficient Ho:YLF laser featuring low noise and sufficient tunability for high-resolution spectroscopy in the 2-micron region.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 5, Se; 1012-101
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Electric-field (EF) and radio-frequency (RF) emissions generated in the exhaust plumes of the diagnostic testbed facility thruster (DTFT) and the SSME are examined briefly for potential applications to plume diagnostics and engine health monitoring. Hypothetically, anomalous engine conditions could produce measurable changes in any characteristic EF and RF spectral signatures identifiable with a 'healthly' plumes. Tests to determine the presence of EF and RF emissions in the DTFT and SSME exhaust plumes were conducted. EF and RF emissions were detected using state-of-the-art sensors. Analysis of limited data sets show some apparent consistencies in spectral signatures. Significant emissions increases were detected during controlled tests using dopants injected into the DTFT.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 5, Se
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 5, Se; 935-942
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Hybrid rockets employing liquid oxidizer and solid fuel grain answers to cost, safety, reliability, and environmental impact concerns that have become as prominent as performance in recent years. The oxidizer-free grain has limited sensitivity to grain anomalies, such as bond-line separations, which can cause catastrophic failures in solid rocket motors. An account is presently given of the development effort associated with the AMROC commercial hybrid booster and component testing efforts at NASA-Marshall. These hybrid rockets can be fired, terminated, inspected, evaluated, and restarted for additional testing.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 30; 7, Ju; 30-33
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 29; 253-259
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  • 66
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: An evaluation is conducted of the use of novel, metallized-propellant propulsion systems to reduce launch masses for manned Mars missions on the basis of density and I(sp) enhancements. The use of metallized propellants leads to a 3.3 percent LEO mass saving which represents 38,000 kg less than O2/H2 propulsion. Attention is given to the possibility of using space-storable propellants for the Mars excursion vehicle, as an alternative to the storing of cryogenic H2 on Mars, albeit at the cost of lower I(sp).
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 6; p. 1192-1199.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Mars Rover and Sample Return mission's radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is presently subjected to a structural and mass analysis in view of a reference mission scenario, an illustrative Rover design and Martian activities agenda, and RTG power system requirements and environmental constraints. The modular heat-source stack in the Rover RTG can be held together by axial load springs. The RTGs should be mounted on the Rover with a vertical orientation, in order to avoid the buildup of windborne Martian sand on its heat-rejection surfaces.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: Space nuclear power systems 1989; Proceedings of the 6th Symposium, Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1989. Vol. 1 (A93-20752 06-20); p. 159-179.
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  • 68
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A space based orbital transfer vehicle (SBOTV) and ground based OTV's (GBOTV) are compared for debris protection, space based OTV maintenance provisions, flight performance, onorbit refueling, and launch and return operations. Debris protection has a severe impact on the SBOTV, while the penalty for the GBOTV is much less severe. A key technology issue is the protection capability of composite materials. Onorbit maintenance is critical for SBOTV. Reduction of losses during the various transfers is th maine problem with refueling a SBOTV. Zero-g propellant storage and transfer is an important technology area for SBOTV. A reusable shroud must be developed to return GBOTV's if a Shuttle derivative vehicle is used. The advantage of space basing lies in more efficient use of the launch vehicle. Since most of the mass going to LEO is OTV propellant, and the launches to deliver the SBOTV propellant are generally mass limited, substantially fewer launches are required to support the SBOTV.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 127-134
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) calls for lunar and Martian exploration missions for which solid-core nuclear thermal rockets (NTRs), in virtue of their single-stage, fully-reusable nature, are ideally suited. NTRs promise double the specific impulse of chemical propulsion. A lunar mission employing a reusable NTR is currently being conducted by NASA. The NTR would be assembled in LEO in such a way that it remained 'radioactively cold' during earth-to-orbit deployment by a heavy-lift chemical booster, and therefore presented no radioactive hazard. Also under consideration is a particle-bed reactor in which the hydrogen propulsive fluid directly cools coated-particle fuel spheres.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 30; 7, Ju; 34-37
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM), currently in its design and development phase, will become the higher reliability/performance next-generation booster for the Space Shuttle. The ASRM design improves safety through the elimination of 229 potential leak paths, thereby eliminating a total of 312 causes of failure. The ASRM will also allow an additional 12,000 lb of payload to be carried by the Shuttle Orbiter. Construction of the ASRM will promote competition through the use of a government owned/contractor operated manufacturing facility. Continuous-mix propellant grain manufacture will be used to enhance safety, quality, and efficiency.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 30; 7, Ju; 26-29
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  • 71
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The key to the success of the NASA Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) is its enhanced reliability and reduced costs, rather than enhanced performance and reduced weight. Reliability and cost improvements derive from the design of an engine with fewer components, wider operating margins, conventional materials, and innovative manufacturing techniques; this is exemplified by the STME's combustion chamber, in which the structural jacket and all minifolds are cast as a single piece. 'Platelet' technology is under active consideration as a basis for the nozzle design. The use of hydrostatic bearings in both the turbine and pump ends of the STME turbopump will eliminate bearing-life limitations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X); 30; 7, Ju
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  • 72
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 4, Ju; 786-791
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  • 73
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A conceptual design of a model-based fault detection and diagnosis system is developed for the Space Shuttle main engine. The design approach consists of process modeling, residual generation, and fault detection and diagnosis. The engine is modeled using a discrete time, quasilinear state-space representation. Model parameters are determined by identification. Residuals generated from the model are used by a neural network to detect and diagnose engine component faults. Fault diagnosis is accomplished by training the neural network to recognize the pattern of the respective fault signatures. Preliminary results for a failed valve, generated using a full, nonlinear simulation of the engine, are presented. These results indicate that the developed approach can be used for fault detection and diagnosis. The results also show that the developed model is an accurate and reliable predictor of the highly nonlinear and very complex engine.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics (ISSN 0731-5090); 15; 384-389
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: NASA-Lewis has undertaken the conceptual development of spacecraft nuclear propulsion systems with DOE support, in order to establish the bases for Space Exploration Initiative lunar and Mars missions. This conceptual evolution project encompasses nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) and nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) systems. A technology base exists for NTP in the NERVA program files; more fundamental development efforts are entailed in the case of NEP, but this option is noted to offer greater advantages in the long term.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: Mars: Past, present, and future; Proceedings of the Conference, Williamsburg, VA, July 16-19, 1991 (A93-12051 02-91); p. 225-237.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 8; 233-239
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The paper describes the design of the solar array system (SAS) for the Solar Maximum Mission, the unique features of the SAS, and the results of its successful in-orbit operation. It is noted that the array was unique in that: (1) major weight concessions were made to produce a dynamically stiff array; (2) it was the first array designed to be compatible with the NASA Multimission Modular Spacecraft; (3) it is the first jettisonable solar array; and (4) it represents the first use of FEP-bonded overslides on a prime power array. It is concluded that the array performed as predicted with no evidence of the FEP causing any unusual array power degradations. In addition, the deployment and telemetry systems performed as designed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 77
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A broad overview is presented of current and near-term solar array technology that could be suitable for space use. Particular consideration is given to such advanced concepts as high power arrays, concentrator arrays, and ultrathin solar cell arrays. It is concluded that if such ambitious concepts as geosynchronous space platforms, orbital space stations, and alternate forms of propulsion are realized, the type of new technology described in this paper may find acceptance for space.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The feasibility and performance parameters for beam microwave power supplies from a space station to nearby orbiting satellites are examined. A 5.8 GHz transmission frequency is found suitable for beaming 1-10 kW over a distance of 1-10 km. The antenna could have a 15 m diameter, a 64 kW output, provide uniform illumination, and have a retrodirective phase control system. A LEO to ground demonstration project is described, involving power levels of 0.0025 mW/sq cm and yielding 202 W at a 100 x 100 m rectenna.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A Programmable Power Processor (P3) has been developed for application in future large space power systems. The P3 is capable of operation over a wide range of input voltage (26 to 375 Vdc) and output voltage (24 to 180 Vdc). The peak output power capability is 18 kW (180 V at 100 A). The output characteristics of the P3 can be programmed to any voltage and/or current level within the limits of the processor and may be controlled as a function of internal or external parameters. Seven breadboard P3s and one 'flight-type' engineering model P3 have been built and tested both individually and in electrical power systems. The programmable feature allows the P3 to be used in a variety of applications by changing the output characteristics. Test results, including efficiency at various input/output combinations, transient response, and output impedance, are presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The production and transmission of electric power for a permanently inhabited lunar base poses a significant challenge which can best be met through an evolution strategy. Nuclear systems offer the best opportunity for evolution in terms of both life and performance. Applicable nuclear power technology options include isotope systems (either radioisotope thermoelectric generators or dynamic isotope power systems) and reactor systems with either static (thermoelectric or thermionic) or dynamic (Brayton, Stirling, Rankine) conversion. A power system integration approach that takes evolution into account would benefit by reduced development and operations cost, progressive flight experience, and simplified logistics, and would permit unrestrained base expansion. For the purposes of defining a nuclear power system evolution strategy, the lunar base development shall consist of four phases: precursor, emplacement, consolidation, and operations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Arizona Univ., Proceedings of the Lunar Materials Technology Symposium; 14 p
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs are customarily used to compute details of a flow field, such as velocity fields or species concentrations. Generally they are not used to determine the resulting conditions at a solid boundary such as wall shear stress or heat flux. However, determination of this information should be within the capability of a CFD code, as the code supposedly contains appropriate models for these wall conditions. Before such predictions from CFD analyses can be accepted, the credibility of the CFD codes upon which they are based must be established. This report details the progress made in constructing a CFD model to predict the heat transfer to the wall in a film cooled rocket nozzle. Specifically, the objective of this work is to use the NASA code FDNS to predict the heat transfer which will occur during the upcoming hot-firing of the Pratt & Whitney 40K subscale nozzle (1Q93). Toward this end, an M = 3 wall jet is considered, and the resulting heat transfer to the wall is computed. The values are compared against experimental data available in Reference 1. Also, FDNS's ability to compute heat flux in a reacting flow will be determined by comparing the code's predictions against calorimeter data from the hot firing of a 40K combustor. The process of modeling the flow of combusting gases through the Pratt & Whitney 40K subscale combustor and nozzle is outlined. What follows in this report is a brief description of the FDNS code, with special emphasis on how it handles solid wall boundary conditions. The test cases and some FDNS solution are presented next, along with comparison to experimental data. The process of modeling the flow through a chamber and a nozzle using the FDNS code will also be outlined.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The work reported herein represents a continuation of work begun at MSFC during the 1991 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. During this period, the author proposed and studied a paradigm for the analysis and synthesis of Integrated Health Monitoring and Control Systems (IHMCS) for rocket engines. This work was motivated by NASA's desire to develop advanced propulsion systems which could operate with increased cost. The Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) whose function it is to provide primary thrust for the National Launch System (NLS) family of vehicles is a primary example of this trend.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Efforts to improve the characteristics of fuel-oxidizer mixing in liquid rocket combustors have lead to a swirl element design for a liquid oxygen injector which is being considered for use on the STME. For the design which is the subject of this investigation, the oxygen enters the injector element perpendicular to the injector axis and nearly tangent to the circular injector wall. This swirl element is at one end of a tube and the injector exit is at the other. This geometric configuration creates a plume in the shape of a conical sheet. This sheet is either primarily contiguous liquid or droplets depending on the pressure drop in the injector and the distance from the injector exit. Probe-based devices such as two-dimensional grid patternators have been used to investigate simulated LOX injector flow fields (Hulka). The primary work described herein is an effort to use optical techniques to investigate the plume of a swirl injector element. For this investigation, a high pressure (500 psig) cold flow test facility was constructed. Water was used as the LOX simulate and air pressure was used to drive the injector flow field. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from dye seeded into the water was used to obtain quantitative measurements of the time-averaged water concentration distribution in the plume. Scattered laser light and LIF were used for time averaged plume visualization and scattered light from a strobe with a 1 microsecond pulse was used for time-resolved plume visualization. During the Summer Faculty Fellowship for which this report was developed, an additional effort, unrelated to the swirl injector investigation, was made to resolve fluctuations in the combustion product composition in the exhaust of a hybrid rocket motor. A brief description of this effort is included herein.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 84
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A hybrid rocket is a system consisting of a solid fuel grain and a gaseous or liquid oxidizer. Figure 1 shows three popular hybrid propulsion cycles that are under current consideration. NASA MSFC has teamed with industry to test two hybrid propulsion systems that will allow scaling to motors of potential interest for Titan and Atlas systems, as well as encompassing the range of interest for SEI lunar ascent stages and National Launch System Cargo Transfer Vehicle (NLS CTV) and NLS deorbit systems. Hybrid systems also offer advantages as moderate-cost, environmentally acceptable propulsion system. The objective of this work was to recommend a performance prediction methodology for hybrid rocket motors. The scope included completion of: a literature review, a general methodology, and a simplified performance model.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A comparison is made between square and circular transmitting antennas for solar power satellite microwave power transmission. It is seen that the exclusion zone around the rectenna needed to protect populations from microwaves is smaller for a circular antenna operating at 2.45 GHz than it is for a square antenna at that frequency. If the frequency is increased, the exclusion zone size remains the same for a square antenna, but becomes even smaller for a circular antenna. Peak beam intensity is the same for both antennas if the frequency and antenna area are equal. The circular antenna puts a somewhat greater amount of power in the main lobe and somewhat less in the side lobes. Since rain attenuation and atmospheric heating remain problems above 10 GHz, it is recommended that future solar power satellite work concentrate on circular transmitting antennas at frequencies of roughly 10 GHz.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Arizona Univ., Proceedings of the Lunar Materials Technology Symposium; 9 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Bush Administration has directed NASA to prepare for a return to the Moon and on to Mars - the Space Exploration Initiative. To meet this directive, powerful rocket boosters will be required in order to lift payloads that may reach the half-million pound range into low earth orbit. In this report an analysis is presented on logistics and potential hazards of the propellant systems envisioned for future Saturn 5 derived heavy lift launch vehicles. In discussing propellant logistics, particular attention has been given to possible problems associated with procurement, transportation, and storage of RP-1, HL2, and LOX, the heavy lift launch vehicle propellants. Current LOX producing facilities will need to be expanded and propellant storage and some support facilities will require relocation if current Launch Pads 39A and/or 39B are to be used for future heavy noise-abatement measures. Included in the report is a discussion of suggested additional studies, primarily economic and environmental, which should be undertaken in support of the goals of the Space Exploration Initiative.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; p 561-591
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In recent years, composite materials have seen increasing use in advanced structural applications because of the significant weight savings they offer when compared to more traditional engineering materials. The higher cost of composites must be offset by the increased performance that results from reduced structural weight if these new materials are to be used effectively. At present, there is considerable interest in fabricating solid rocket motor cases out of composite materials, and capitalizing on the reduced structural weight to increase rocket performance. However, one of the difficulties that arises when composite materials are used is that composites can develop significant amounts of internal damage during low velocity impacts. Such low velocity impacts may be encountered in routine handling of a structural component like a rocket motor case. The ability to assess the reduction in structural integrity of composite motor cases that experience accidental impacts is essential if composite rocket motor cases are to be certified for manned flight. The study described herein was an initial investigation of damage development and reduction of tensile strength in an idealized composite subjected to low velocity impacts.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The current summer project has the objective of carrying out a detailed thermal analysis of the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) nozzle. The design and development of the STME nozzle has been undertaken by Pratt and Whitney in collaboration with NASA/MSFC and DoD. The nozzle design has adopted film/convective cooling techniques. The turbine exhaust has been utilized as the coolant in the nozzle cooling system.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Alabama Univ., 1992 NASA(ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program; 5 p
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The group of techniques that as a class are referred to as synthetic battery cycling are described with reference to spacecraft battery systems. Synthetic battery cycling makes use of the capability of computer graphics to illustrate some of the basic characteristics of operation of individual electrodes within an operating electrochemical cell. It can also simulate the operation of an entire string of cells that are used as the energy storage subsystem of a power system.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ESA 4th ESTEC Spacecraft Power-Conditioning Seminar; p 129-134
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen systems are described that more closely resemble a fuel cell system than a traditional nickel-cadmium battery pack. This was stimulated by the currently emerging requirements related to large manned and unmanned low Earth orbit applications. The resultant nickel-hydrogen battery system should have a number of features that would lead to improved reliability, reduced costs as well as superior energy density and cycle lives as compared to battery systems constructed from the current state-of-the-art nickel-hydrogen individual pressure vessel cells.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ESA 4th ESTEC Spacecraft Power-Conditioning Seminar; p 115-121
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Partitioning of hydrogen chloride between the aerosol and gaseous phases in the first Space Shuttle exhaust cloud was experimentally investigated as the exhaust cloud was diluted with ambient air. Airborne measurements were obtained of gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl), total HCl, relative humidity, and temperature to determine the conditions controlling HCl aerosol formation in the Shuttle exhaust cloud. Two segments of the cloud, each at a significantly different relative humidity, were monitored. Equilibrium predictions of HCl aerosol formation agreed with the measured HCl partitioning at the higher and lower relative humidity conditions, but do not agree at the aerosol formation threshold region. Measurements were taken in the Shuttle exhaust cloud from 8.6 min until 2 h and 8 min after launch. HCl concentrations ranged from 17.5 to 0.9 ppm and relative humidity from 86% to less than 10%.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 19; July-Aug
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An alternative propulsion subsystem for MSAT is presented which has a potential of reducing the satellite weight by more than 15%. The characteristics of pulsed plasma and ion engines are described and used to estimate of the mass of the propellant and thrusters for attitude control and stationkeeping functions for MSAT. Preliminary estimates indicate that the electric propulsion systems could also replace the large momentum wheels necessary to counteract the solar pressure; however, the fine pointing wheels would be retained. Estimates also show that either electric propulsion system can save approximately 18% to 20% of the initial 4,000 kg mass. The issues that require further experimentation are mentioned.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Land Mobile Satellite Serv. (LMSS): A Conceptual System Design and Identification of the Critical Technol.; 7 p
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Priorties are identified for spacecraft propulsion system development and for the integration of the propulsion system with various subsystems. Near-term and long-term propulsion technology needs are identified.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 257-260
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Orbital construction, demonstration, space construction system analysis, solar power satellite, and space operations are reviewed. Satellite services, holding and positioning aids, and space construction experiments are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 199-211
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The workings of systems integration, its accomplishments, the influences of its character changes on the STS, propulsion out of the orbiter and LSS, and technological demands are discussed. The task of systems integration is to define, understand, and account for interactions between the major systems on a space mission. The safety and propulsion systems and their reliability are outlined.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 123-126
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  • 96
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The functions and requirements of auxiliary propulsion systems are reviewed. None of the three major tasks (attitude control, stationkeeping, and shape control) can be performed by a collection of thrusters at a single central location. If a centralized system is defined as a collection of separated clusters, made up of the minimum number of propulsion units, then such a system can provide attitude control and stationkeeping for most vehicles. A distributed propulsion system is characterized by more numerous propulsion units in a regularly distributed arrangement. Various proposed large space systems are reviewed and it is concluded that centralized auxiliary propulsion is best suited to vehicles with a relatively rigid core. These vehicles may carry a number of flexible or movable appendages. A second group, consisting of one or more large flexible flat plates, may need distributed propulsion for shape control. There is a third group, consisting of vehicles built up from multiple shuttle launches, which may be forced into a distributed system because of the need to add additional propulsion units as the vehicles grow. The effects of distributed propulsion on a beam-like structure were examined. The deflection of the structure under both translational and rotational thrusts is shown as a function of the number of equally spaced thrusters. When two thrusters only are used it is shown that location is an important parameter. The possibility of using distributed propulsion to achieve minimum overall system weight is also examined. Finally, an examination of the active damping by distributed propulsion is described.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 87-100
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Orbit transfer vehicles (OTV) are evaluated against mission model requirement. Mission suitability of OTVs using storable propellant, cryogenic propellant, and electric propulsion systems is outlined. Energy required, g-level, spacecraft deploy/return, operational constraints, mission duration, and packaging are considered.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 53-60
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Possible uses of satellite technology up to the year 2000 are suggested and discussed. Included are electronic mail transmission, a personal communications capability, quick location of vehicles or shipments, monitoring of disputed territorial borders, upgraded scientific exploration of the universe, providing better maps of the Earth by remote sensing, space solar power stations and the safe transmission of the electrical energy to Earth, night lighting, and a small personal navigation capability. Support requirements are outlined.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Large Space Systems(Propulsion Interactions; p 25-37
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Silicon solar cells manufactured for the terrestrial market are examined as a potential low cost option for low earth orbit (LEO) space flight use. The results of simulated space environmental testing of representative samples are reported and discussed. It is shown that although the terrestrial cells are compatible with most space use requirements significant deficiencies still exist. Cell modifications are discussed which would enhance the space applicability of the various cells examined. In most cases these are expected to be of minimal cost impact. Concern for contact/interconnector designs capable of surviving 30,000 thermal cycles (corresponding to five years in LEO) however, needs to be resolved for the large area terrestrial devices.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A model is presented that explains the 'flat-spot' power-loss phenomenon observed in silicon solar cells operating under deep space (low temperature, low intensity) conditions. Evidence is presented suggesting that the effect is due to localized metallurgical interactions between the silicon substrate and the contact metallization. These reactions are shown to result in localized regions in which the PN junction is destroyed and replaced with a metal-semiconductor-like interface. The effects of thermal treatment, crystallographic orientation, junction depth, and metallization are presented along with a method of preventing the effect through the suppression of vacancy formation at the free surface of the contact metallization. Preliminary data indicating the effectiveness of a TiN diffusion barrier in preventing the effect are also given.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 53; Aug. 198
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