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  • 1
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    Operational considerations of the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Issues affecting the long-term operational performance of the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) are discussed, with particular attention given to circuit electrical integrity from shadowed and cracked cell modules. The successful integration of individual advanced array components provides a doubling of array specific performance from the previous NASA-developed advanced array (SAFE). Flight test modules both recently fabricated and under fabrication are described. The development of advanced high-performance blanket technology for future APSA enhancement is presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 6 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 6.29-6.34.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    LEO effects on candidate solar cell cover materials (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In 1984, the LDEF (Long Duration Exposure Facility) was placed in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) for a mission planned to last approximately one year. Due to a number of factors, retrieval was delayed until 1990. An experiment, prepared under the direction of JPL, consisted of a test plate with thirty (30) individual thin silicon solar cell/cover samples. The covers consisted of conventional cerium doped microsheet platelets and potential candidate materials, such as FEP Teflon, silicon RTV's, glass resins, polyimides, and a silicone-polyimide copolymer encapsulant. The effects of the LDEF mission environment (micrometeorite/debris impacts, atomic oxygen, UV, and particulate radiation) on the samples are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. Part 4: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium; p 1303-1313
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) technology status and performance (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In 1985, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory initiated the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) program. The program objective is to demonstrate a producible array system by the early 1990s with a specific performance of at least 130 W/kG (beginning-of-life) as an intermediate milestone towards the long range goal of 300 W/kG. The APSA performance represents an approximately four-fold improvement over existing rigid array technology and a doubling of the performance of the first generation NASA/OAST SAFE flexible blanket array of the early 1980s.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Lewis Research Center, Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology, 1989; p 421-432
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    GaP betavoltaic cells as a power source (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Maximum power output for the GaP cells of this study was found to be on the order of 1 microW. This resulted from exposure to 200 and 40 KeV electrons at a flux of 2 x 10(exp 9) electrons/sq cm/s, equivalent to a 54 mCurie source. The efficiencies of the cells ranged from 5 to 9 percent for 200 and 40 KeV electrons respectively. The lower efficiency at higher energy is due to a substantial fraction of energy deposition in the substrate, further than a diffusion length from the depletion region of the cell. Radiation damage was clearly observed in GaP after exposure to 200 KeV electrons at a fluence of 2 x 10(exp 12) electrons/sq cm. No discernable damage was observed after exposure to 40 KeV electrons at the same fluence. Analysis indicates that a GaP betavoltaic system would not be practical if limited to low energy beta sources. The power available would be too low even in the ideal case. By utilizing high activity beta sources, such as Sr-90/Y-90, it may be possible to achieve performance that could be suitable for some space power applications. However, to utilize such a source the problem of radiation damage in the beta cell material must be overcome.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA, Lewis Research Center, Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology, 1989; p 359-370
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The advanced photovoltaic solar array program (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The background and development status of an ultralightweight flexible-blanket flatpack, fold-out solar array is presented. It is scheduled for prototype demonstration in late 1989. The Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) design represents a critical intermediate milestone of the goal of 300 W/kg at beginning-of-life (BOL) with specific performance characteristics of 130 W/kg (BOL) and 100 W/kg at end-of-life (EOL) for a 10-year geosynchronous geostationary earth orbit 10-kW (BOL) space power system. The APSA wing design is scalable over a power range of 2 to 15 kW and is suitable for a full range of missions including Low Earth Orbit (LEO), orbital transfer from LEO to geostationary earth orbit and interplanetary flight.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ESA, European Space Power, Volume 2; p 775-781
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Leo micrometeorite/debris impact damage (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The school bus sized Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) was retrieved in 1990, after nearly six years of 250 nautical mile altitude low earth orbit environmental exposure. The recovery of LDEF experiments has provided extensive information on space interactions, including micrometeorite, debris, atomic oxygen, ultraviolet, and particulate radiation. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory provided a test plate as part of Solar-Array-Materials Passive LDEF (SAMPLE) Experiment. The test plate contained thirty thin silicon solar cell/cover assemblies. The cover samples included a variety of materials such as Teflon and RTV silicones, in addition to conventional microsheet. The nature of the approximately 150 micrometeorite/debris impacts on the cell/cover samples, cell interconnects, and aluminum test plate is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference; 7 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Photovoltaic Power for Small, Low Cost Outer Solar System Missions (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Current Results From The Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) Program (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The paper continues the status reporting of the ultralightweight flexible blanket, flatpack, foldout solar array testbed wing that was presented at the previous Meeting. The test bed wing has been built and subjected to a variety of critical functional tests after exposure to simulated launch environments.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Thin Film GaAs For Space--Moving Out of the Laboratory (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: In 1991, NASA-JPL completed the APSA (Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array) program, demonstrating a lightweight deployable flexible array wing capable of 130 W/kg specific performance, a substantial improvement over convetional flight hardware. The design was based on the use of thin (55 microns) silicon or thin (100 microns) GaAs/Ge solar cells (Reference 1). Further array performance enhancements will require the implementation of a new advanced Solar Cell.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    PV Technology for Low Intensity, Low Temperature (LILT) Applications (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: As a result of the recent NASA emphasis on smaller, lower cost space missions, PV is now being considered for a number of missions operating at solar distances of 3 AU or greater. In the past, many of these missions would utilize an RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generator). Historically, silicon solar cell behavior at these distances has been compromised by a number of mechanisms including shunting, nonohmic back contacts, and the 'broken knee' curve shape. The former two can usually be neglected for modern silicon cells, but the latter has not been eliminated. This problem has been identified with localized diffusion at the top contact/silicon interface which leads to structural changes at the local junction. This is believed to create a resistive metal-semiconductor-like (MSL) interface in parallel with the junction which results in the characteristic forms of the LILT (low intensity, low temperature) 'broken knee'. This paper discusses a TaSiN contact barrier that will prevent the MSL structure in the junction.
    Keywords: Energy Production and Conversion
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