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  • Other Sources  (525)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (268)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (257)
  • 1970-1974  (525)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1973  (525)
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  • Other Sources  (525)
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  • 1970-1974  (525)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Impact (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Impact, emergency escape and crash survival protection are studied. Accleration, the G system of units, data interpretation, and human tolerance limits are summarized, along with physiological and biochemical response to impact. Biomechanical factors of impact are also cited.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 221-295
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  • 2
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    Work, heat, and oxygen cost (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Human energy is discussed in terms of the whole man. The physical work a man does, the heat he produces, and the quantity of oxygen he takes from the air to combine with food, the fuel source of his energy, are described. The daily energy exchange, work and heat dissipation, oxygen costs of specific activities, anaerobic work, and working in space suits are summarized.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 847-879
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  • 3
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    Human control capabilities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The capabilities and limitations of man as an element in a closed loop control system under normal environmental conditions are described. Controller characteristics are enumerated, using manual control, quasilinear models, pilot opinion and ratings, compensatory tracking, optimum control models, motion cues, multiple input tracking, multiple loop tracking, transmission delays, and adaptive manual control. Various controls, manipulators, and displays are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 751-806
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  • 4
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    Noise and blast (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Noise and blast environments are described, providing a definition of units and techniques of noise measurement and giving representative booster-launch and spacecraft noise data. The effects of noise on hearing sensitivity and performance are reviewed, and community response to noise exposure is discussed. Physiological, or nonauditory, effects of noise exposure are also treated, as are design criteria and methods for minimizing the noise effects of hearing sensitivity and communications. The low level sound detection and speech reception are included, along with subjective and behavioral responses to noise.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 693-750
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  • 5
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    Rotary acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rotary acceleration is found to be a manifestation of angular acceleration, and is always present during steady state spinning or tumbling, even when the angular velocity is constant. Subjective reactions and tolerances, performance, physiological effects, and pathological effects are reviewed for rotary acceleration. Thresholds for stimulation perception by angular acceleration in man are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 191-219
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  • 6
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    Atmosphere (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Properties of elements and compounds are considered which make up or may be added to a gaseous environment suitable for humans. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are emphasized; nitrogen and the noble gases are also cited. Other gaseous compounds, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and sulfur hexafluoride, are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 35-63
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  • 7
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    Sustained linear acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The subjective effects of sustained acceleration are discussed, including positive, negative, forward, backward, and lateral acceleration effects. Physiological effects, such as retinal and visual response, unconsciousness and cerebral function, pulmonary response, and renal output, are studied. Human tolerance and performance under sustained acceleration are ascertained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 149-190
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  • 8
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    Combined environmental stresses (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Tolerance levels, physiological effects, and performance degradation during simultaneous or sequential exposures to two environmental stresses, and also three or more simultaneous stresses are described. Environmental stress combinations are characterized by four descriptors: order of occurrence, duration of exposure, severity of exposure, and type of interaction. Combined stress data and facilities for combined stress study are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 881-914
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  • 9
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    Temperature (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The problems in human comfort in heat stress are emphasized, with less emphasis placed upon cold exposure problems. Physiological parameters related to human thermal interactions are discussed, as well as data concerning thermal protective clothing. The energy balance equation, heat transfer equation, thermal comfort, heat stress, and cold stress are also considered. A two node model of human temperature regulation in FORTRAN is appended.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 65-148
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  • 10
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    Ionizing radiation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The penetrating ionizing space radiations are found to be extremely diverse in the energy range of both their particulate and their electromagnetic components. Radiation terms and measures and ionizing radiation classes and sources are presented. Whole body radiation effects are examined, including radiation intensity and rate effectiveness factors. Radiation effects on specific body systems, such as blood, skin, visual, and reproductive systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 417-454
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  • 11
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    Barometric pressure (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The effects of alterations in barometric pressure on human beings are described. Human tolerances for gaseous environments and low and high barometric pressure are discussed, including effects on specific areas, such as the ear, lungs, teeth, and sinuses. Problems due to trapped gas within the body, high dynamic pressures on the body, and blasts are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 1-34
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  • 12
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    Vibration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Man's reactions to vibration are emphasized rather than his reactions to the vibrational characteristics of vehicles. Vibrational effects studies include: performance effects reflected in tracking proficiency, reaction time, visual impairment, and other measures related to man's ability to control a system; physiological reactions; biodynamic responses; subjective reactions; and human tolerance limits. Technological refinements in shaker systems and improved experimental designs are used to validate the data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 297-348
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  • 13
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    Locomotion in a rotating environment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A rotating space station simulator is being used to obtain data on man's performance in a rotating environment. At present the facility is being used to assess the effects of rotation on man's walking capabilities on circular and flat walls at g-levels from 0.05 to 0.75g. Some of the preliminary results are reviewed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 67-72
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  • 14
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    Effects of visual reference on adaptation to motion sickness and subjective responses evoked by graded cross-coupled angular accelerations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Three groups of 10 subjects each were exposed to stepwise increments of cross coupled angular accelerations in three visual modes: internal visual reference (IVR), external visual reference (EVR), and vision absent (VA). The subjects in the IVR condition required significantly greater amounts of stimulus exposure to neutralize their illusory subjective reactions. They also suffered a greater loss of well-being and a more marked incidence of motion sickness than did subjects in the EVR and VA conditions. The same 30 subjects were reexposed to the same graded cross coupled stimulation 1 week later. This time, however, all the subjects were tested under only the IVR condition. All three groups showed some positive transfer of adaptation, but only the IVR-IVR combination required significantly fewer head motions to achieve the same level of adaptation on the second occasion. Taken overall, however, the most efficient and least disturbing route to adaptation at the completion of the second test was via the VA-IVR combination.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 87-97
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  • 15
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    Some physiological aspects of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of increasing artificial gravity exposure on four aspects of physiological fitness are examined in four young men who, prior to exposure, were deconditioned with bed rest and water immersion. The four aspects of physiological fitness are orthostatic tolerance, exercise tolerance, forearm endurance, and maximum strength. Orthostatic tolerance was sharply reduced by deconditioning and was substantially improved by walking in simulated lunar gravity (1/6 g) for 2.5 hours daily for 7 days or by walking in 1/2 g and 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days. Exercise tolerance was also sharply reduced by deconditioning but did not significantly improve with increasing g-exposure. Walking in 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days raised exercise tolerance only a little above the low produced by deconditioning. Forearm endurance and maximum strength were relatively unaffected by deconditioning and subsequent g-exposure.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 73-83
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  • 16
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    Design of experimental studies of human performance under influences of simulated artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A ground based research program is now being undertaken to provide data concerning the effects of a rotating environment on man's ability to adequately perform gross and fine psychomotor tasks. Emphasis is being placed on establishing the levels of artificial gravity and rates and radii of rotation required in future space systems for preservation of crew performance and comfort. An experimental study utilizing a rotational facility to investigate crew mobility, cargo transfer and handling, and fine motor coordination at radii up to 24 meters and at rotational rates up to 5 rpm is reported.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 55-65
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  • 17
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    An overview of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The unique characteristics of artificial gravity that affect human performance and physiology in an artificial gravity environment are reviewed. The rate at which these unique characteristics change decreases very rapidly with increasing radius of a rotating vehicle used to produce artificial gravity. Reducing their influence on human performance or physiology by increasing radius becomes a situation of very rapidly diminishing returns. A review of several elements of human performance has developed criteria relative to the sundry characteristics of artificial gravity. A compilation of these criteria indicates that the maximum acceptable rate of rotation, leg heaviness while walking, and material handling are the factors that define the minimum acceptable radius. The ratio of Coriolis force to artificial weight may also be significant. Based on current knowledge and assumptions for the various criteria, a minimum radius between 15.2 and 16.8 m seems desirable.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 23-33
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  • 18
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    Preliminary lift and drag characteristics of the F-8 supercritical wing airplane (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: its Supercritical Wing Technol.: A Report on Flight Evaluation; p 59-70
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  • 19
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    Crew report (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A 56-day chamber simulation of Skylab was successfully completed. The atmosphere (5 psi, 70 percent oxygen, 30 percent nitrogen, 5 mm carbon dioxide) and medical features including a 21-day pre- and 18-day post-test medical protocols were closely simulated. No apparent crew health problems were induced by the atmosphere, semiclosed environment, or other test features; and no appreciable crew degradation appeared over this period. The chamber and associated systems performed without major problems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 46 p
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  • 20
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    Crew background, training, and activities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The brief history of the Skylab altitude test crewmen is followed by an outline of their training in conducting medical experiments, emergency medical procedures, communications, and housekeeping practices during prolonged exposure to the Skylab simulation environment.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 21
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    Biomedical support systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biomedical support hardware for SMEAT consisted basically of two systems, the inflight medical support system, and the operational bioinstrumentation system. The former is essentially a diagnostic and therapeutic kit; the latter is a belt equipped with sensors worn by the crewman to permit monitoring of his vital signs. Special attention was given during to the use and verification of the items in the systems so that changes required in the equipment could be pinpointed and effected prior to the Skylab mission. During the in-chamber testing, evaluations were made of the effectiveness of the proposed microbiology procedures, techniques, equipment, and the stability of media and reagents over the extended period of storage.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 8 p
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  • 22
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    Habitability/crew quarters, experiment M487 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Skylab experiment M487, habitability crew quarters, is designed to provide an operational evaluation of the Skylab habitat by gathering data regarding the manner in which crewmen carry out their daily living and working routines during the missions. The success of the Skylab habitability experiment depends, in large measure, on the adequacy of the data collection instruments and the manner in which they are used.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 11 p
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  • 23
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    Specimen mass measurement (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Skylab specimen mass measurement device was operated throughout the altitude test in close simulation of the 56-day Skylab mission. It performed operational specimen measurements well until it was passed out of the chamber for replacement of the specimen hold-down and was autoclaved prior to return. Fecal measurements were typically made with less than one percent error.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 16 p
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  • 24
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    Time and motion, experiment M151 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Astronaut work performance during the preparation and execution of experiments in simulated Skylab tests was analyzed according to time and motion in order to evaluate the efficiency and consistency of performance (adaptation function) for several different types of activity over the course of the mission; to evaluate the procedures to be used by the same experiment in Skylab; to generate characteristic adaptation functions for later comparison with Skylab data; and to examine astronaut performance for any behavioral stress due to the environment. The overall results indicate that the anticipated adaptation function was obtained both for individual and for averaged data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 25
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    The use of a digital computer for investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a man while pressing vertically downward with the straight arm on the handle of a vibrator (instrument) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The dynamic characteristics of a man were investigated by the resonance method, by means of recordings of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a vibrator straight arm human body system on a standard automatic recorder. Experiments were carried out with a specially constructed vibrator, the moving system of which was fastened to a bronze suspension with small losses. Vibrations of the handle, fastened to the moving system, were recorded with an accelerometer. The mass of the moving system m, rigidity of the suspension k and friction coefficient r of the vibrator (calibration) were determined by exact formulas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 83-86
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  • 26
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    Externally blown flap dynamic loads (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: Some of the principal results obtained in three series of measurements of fluctuating surface pressures induced on externally blown flaps by jet impingment are presented. Large- and small-scale models and hot- and cold-flow tests are considered. The discussion sets forth scaling parameters and consistent features of the root-mean-square values and spectra of the loading. Implications of these results with regard to sonic fatigue are indicated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: STOL Technol.; p 131-142
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  • 27
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    Review of drag measurements from flight tests of manned aircraft with comparisons to wind-tunnel predictions (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: In-flight studies of the overall and local components of drag of many types of aircraft were conducted. The primary goal of these studies was to evaluate wind-tunnel and semiempirical prediction methods. Some evaluations are presented in this paper which may be summarized by the following observations: Wind-tunnel predictions of overall vehicle drag can be accurately extrapolated to flight Reynolds numbers, provided that the base drag is removed and the boattail areas on the vehicle are small. The addition of ablated roughness to lifting body configurations causes larger losses in performance and stability than would be expected from the added friction drag due to the roughness. Successful measurements of skin friction have been made in flight to Mach numbers above 4. A reliable inflatable deceleration device was demonstrated in flight which effectively stabilizes and decelerates a lifting aircraft at supersonic speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. Drag; 12 p
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  • 28
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    A summary of current research in rotor unsteady aerodynamics with emphasis on work at Langley Research Center (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: The basic unsteady aerodynamic environment of the rotary wing is summarized. Some of the observed trends in the state of the art are discussed. Some of the research needs that will require attention are reported. A review of a number of research investigations as a part of a joint NASA/Army rotorcraft project is presented. The research is directed toward achieving a better understanding of rotor unsteady airfoils. The investigations include: (1) rotor maneuver loads; (2) level flight and maneuver wake prediction; (3) tip-vortex flow; (4) blade-vortex interactions; (5) dynamic stall; (6) transient Mach number air loads; and (7) development of variable geometry rotors.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Aerodyn. of Rotary Wings; 20 p
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  • 29
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    Integral equation for small perturbations of irrotational flows (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation is conducted concerning the validity of analytical methods which are based on deriving an integral equation, taking into account small perturbations in the case of a nonuniform but irrotational flow. The results obtained apply to a wide Mach number range, but are restricted to small amplitude motions and to nonviscous flows. It is shown that the integral equation relating the unknown velocity potential to the known normal flow velocity can be derived from the appropriate Green's identity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 30
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    On the inviscid rolled-up structure of lift-generated vortices (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple form is presented of the relationships derived by Betz for the inviscid, fully developed structure of lift-generated vortices behind aircraft. An extension is then made to arbitrary span-load distributions by inferring guidelines for the selection of rollup centers for the vortex sheet. These techniques are easier to use and yield more realistic estimates of the rolled-up structure of vortices than the original form of Betz' theory when the span loading differs appreciably from elliptic loading.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Nov. 197
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  • 31
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    Van Driest generalization applied to turbulent skin friction and velocity profiles measured on the wall of a Mach 7.4 wind tunnel (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Dec. 197
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  • 32
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    Effect of anisotropic turbulence on aerodynamic noise (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A model based on Lighthill's theory for predicting aerodynamic noise from a turbulent shear flow is developed. This model is a generalization of the one developed by Ribner. It does not require that the turbulent correlations factor into space and time-dependent parts. It replaces his assumption of isotropic turbulence by the more realistic one of axisymmetric turbulence. In the course of the analysis, a hierarchy of equations is developed wherein each succeeding equation involves more assumptions than the preceding equation but requires less experimental information for its use. The implications of the model for jet noise are discussed. It is shown that for the particular turbulence data considered anisotropy causes the high-frequency self-noise to be beamed downstream.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 54
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  • 33
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    Three-dimensional separation for interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For the interaction of shock waves with turbulent boundary layers, obtained experimental three-dimensional separation results and correlations with earlier two-dimensional and three-dimensional data are presented. It is shown that separation occurs much earlier for turbulent three-dimensional than for two-dimensional flow at hypersonic speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 34
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    Computer model of cardiovascular control system responses to exercise (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Approaches of systems analysis and mathematical modeling together with computer simulation techniques are applied to the cardiovascular system in order to simulate dynamic responses of the system to a range of exercise work loads. A block diagram of the circulatory model is presented, taking into account arterial segments, venous segments, arterio-venous circulation branches, and the heart. A cardiovascular control system model is also discussed together with model test results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 35
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    Implantable telemetry systems for use in animal monitoring (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 36
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    Advance techniques for monitoring human tolerance to positive Gz accelerations (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tolerance to positive g accelerations was measured in ten normal male subjects using both standard and advanced techniques. In addition to routine electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiratory rate, and infrared television, monitoring techniques during acceleration exposure included measurement of peripheral vision loss, noninvasive temporal, brachial, and/or radial arterial blood flow, and automatic measurement of indirect systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 60-sec intervals. Although brachial and radial arterial flow measurements reflected significant cardiovascular changes during and after acceleration, they were inconsistent indices of the onset of grayout or blackout. Temporal arterial blood flow, however, showed a high correlation with subjective peripheral light loss.
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    Frequency-dependence of dynamic lung compliance during acute exposures to an altitude of 3,962 meters (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 38
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    Landing performance by low-time private pilots after the sudden loss of binocular vision - Cyclops II (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of low-time general aviation pilots, who, in a series of spot landings, were suddenly deprived of binocular vision by patching either eye on the downwind leg of a standard, closed traffic pattern. Data collected during these landings were compared with control data from landings flown with normal vision during the same flight. The sequence of patching and the mix of control and monocular landings were randomized to minimize the effect of learning. No decrease in performance was observed during landings with vision restricted to one eye, in fact, performance improved. This observation is reported at a high level of confidence (p less than 0.001). These findings confirm the previous work of Lewis and Krier and have important implications with regard to aeromedical certification standards.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 39
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    Caloric balance during simulated and actual space flight (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The in-flight caloric intakes of all Apollo astronauts are examined and shown to average about 25 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of weight changes following recovery indicates that about 0.15 kg of fat was lost per man per day in-flight for an average deficit of about 19 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of the caloric intake of astronauts under ground-based conditions and during hypobaric exposure indicated a caloric requirement which was not significantly different from the in-flight requirement adjusted for weight loss. Partial metabolic balance data and measurements of bone loss and body volume revealed that protein and mineral losses also occurred to an extent which would reduce the size of estimated in-flight caloric deficits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 40
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    Illusory sensations in aircraft flight and weightlessness (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Clearly misleading illusions only appear when the vestibular input is of a nonconflicting nature. A number of experiments with blind goldfish were conducted since the vestibular system of the goldfish is homologous in many respects to that of man. Inertial stimuli were given by linear acceleration of the entire aquarium with the fish in it. A high-speed movie camera and three-axis accelerometers were used to record the fish responses. It was found that fish, if subjected to horizontal linear acceleration, behave as if the moving force acting on the otoliths were a gravitational force component and not an inertial reacting force.
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  • 41
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    A graphical method for the investigation of shock interference phenomena (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 42
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    Shooting method for solution of boundary-layer flows with massive blowing (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A modified, bidirectional shooting method is presented for solving boundary-layer equations under conditions of massive blowing. Unlike the conventional shooting method, which is unstable when the blowing rate increases, the proposed method avoids the unstable direction and is capable of solving complex boundary-layer problems involving mass and energy balance on the surface.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 43
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    Derivation of aerodynamic kernel functions (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The method of Fourier transforms is used to determine the kernel function which relates the pressure on a lifting surface to the prescribed downwash within the framework of Dowell's (1971) shear flow model. This model is intended to improve upon the potential flow aerodynamic model by allowing for the aerodynamic boundary layer effects neglected in the potential flow model. For simplicity, incompressible, steady flow is considered. The proposed method is illustrated by deriving known results from potential flow theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 44
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    Performance of cellulose acetate butyrate membranes in hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes are shown to give high salt and urea rejection with water flux of about 3 gallons/sq ft per day at 600 psig. Membranes prepared from a formulation containing glyoxal show a significant increase in flux and decrease in salt and urea rejection with drying time. Zero drying time gives maximum urea and salt rejection and is therefore most suitable for hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 17; 1973
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  • 45
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    Correlation of hypersonic zero-lift drag data. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A pseudo-one-dimensional model of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine cycle is revised on the basis of recent (additional) data obtained from combustor tests. The data were generated in a simple nonreacting system which produces shock structures and shock/boundary layer interactions analogous to those observed at the entrance of supersonic combustors. It is shown that the revised model provides better descriptions of the wall pressure distributions and the overall shock pressure rises for the available test data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
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  • 46
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    Nutrition systems for pressure suits. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Nutrition systems were successfully developed in the Apollo Program for astronauts wearing pressure suits during emergency decompression situations and during lunar surface explorations. These nutrition systems consisted of unique dispensers, water, flavored beverages, nutrient-fortified beverages, and intermediate moisture food bars. The emergency decompression system dispensed the nutrition from outside the pressure suit by interfacing with a suit helmet penetration port. The lunar exploration system utilized dispensers stowed within the interior layers of the pressure suit. These systems could be adapted for provision of nutrients in other situations requiring the use of pressure suits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Aug. 197
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  • 47
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    Comparative study of patches for liquid cooled garments. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tests were performed on 12 cooling patches of various designs to establish criteria for the evaluation of their performance in liquid-cooled suits in industrial, military and aerospace applications. The thermal effectiveness value was 0.088 for patch designs with a double spiral flow pattern, and 0.075 for patch designs with a parallel flow pattern. The ratio of thermal energy transfer rate to cooling-medium pumping power requirement is indicated as the prime performance characteristic to be considered in the selection and rating of cooling patches.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Aug. 197
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  • 48
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    Microwave radiation hazards around large microwave antenna. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The microwave radiation hazards associated with the use of large antennas become increasingly more dangerous to personnel as the transmitters go to ever higher powers. The near-field area is of the greatest concern. It has spill over from subreflector and reflections from nearby objects. Centimeter waves meeting in phase will reinforce each other and create hot spots of microwave energy. This has been measured in front of and around several 26-meter antennas. Hot spots have been found and are going to be the determining factor in delineating safe areas for personnel to work. Better techniques and instruments to measure these fields are needed for the evaluation of hazard areas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal; 34; Mar. 197
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  • 49
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    Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 243; June 1
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  • 50
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    Transonic flow about lifting configurations. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A transonic flow solution is presented for configurations with span-to-length ratios of order one. The angles of attack are sufficiently large to produce lift effects that are either dominant or comparable to the thickness effects. The analysis is performed with the aid of the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The results obtained are compared with data reported by Cheng and Hafez (1972).
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; May 1973
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  • 51
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    High Reynolds number experimental data for forebody axial force. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Brief review of the operational principle and capability of the high-Reynolds-number wind tunnel developed over the last few years. Its test medium is stored in a Ludwieg tube and held there by means of a diaphragm. When the diaphragm is broken, a rearward-facing centered rarefaction fan propagates upstream through the test section and nozzle into the supply tube, and the useful run time is bounded by the reflected rarefaction wave and the starting shock wave caused by choking at the nozzle. The operating problems center around the ability of model and sting support systems to withstand the loads and to meet the instrumentation requirements. Evaluation tests have shown that satisfactory force and moment measurements can be obtained in this facility.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 52
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    Reference temperature method for predicting turbulent compressible skin-friction coefficient. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Feb. 197
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  • 53
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    Analysis of operator participation (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of providing a psychological conception of the analysis of operator participation in a form that will allow the qualitative approach to be combined with the quantitative approach is examined. This conception is based on an understanding of the essence of human endeavor in automated control systems that now determine the development of society's productive forces and that are the main object of ergonomic research. Two main types of operator participation were examined; information retrieval with immediate service and information retrieval with delayed service.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 27-46
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  • 54
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    Evaluating the efficiency of man-machine systems (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Efficiency and the degree of adaptability of a system to cope with problems presented to it, are evaluated. Also evaluated are serial production, possible modernization approaches, and operational procedures. The link between system efficiency and cost criteria are included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 221-230
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    Research principles and the construction of mnemonic diagrams (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mnemonic diagrams are defined as a variety of information display devices, the essential element of which is conventional graphical presentation of technological or functional-operational links in a controlled system or object. Graphically displaying the operational structure of an object, the interd dependence between different parameters, and the interdependence between indicators and control organs, the mneomonic diagram reduces the load on the operator's memory and facilitates perception and reprocessing of information and decision making, while at the same time playing the role of visual support to the information activity of the operator. The types of mnemonic diagrams are listed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 83-126
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    The application of aerospace technology to patient monitoring. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-20; May 1973
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  • 57
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    Performance characteristics of a model VTOL lift fan in crossflow. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents a summary of principal results obtained from crossflow tests of a model 15-in.-diam lift fan installed in a wing in the NASA Lewis Research Center, 9 by 15 ft V/STOL Propulsion Wind Tunnel. Tests were run with and without exit louvers over a range of tunnel air speeds, fan speeds, and wing angle of attack. Fan thrust in crossflow was influenced by two principal factors: the effects of inflow distortion on blade-row performance, and changes in fan stage operating point brought about by changes in back pressure ratio. In this particular fan, flow separation on the inlet bellmouth did not appear to be a serious problem for crossflow operation.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Mar. 197
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  • 58
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    Emotional state and efficiency (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was made of the effect of emotional states-negative and positive- on work performance. Data cover intensity of emotional arousal, personality characteristics of person involved, typological features of person's nervous system, emotional stability of person, and past experience of person. Particular attention was given to emotional stress effects on efficiency, given modern working conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 152-164
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  • 59
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    Designing control system information models (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Problems encountered in modeling information models are discussed, Data cover condition, functioning of the object of control, and the environment involved in the control. Other parameters needed for the model include: (1) information for forming an image of the real situation, (2) data for analyzing and evaluating an evolving situation, (3) planning actions, and (4) data for observing and evaluating the results of model realization.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 47-82
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  • 60
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    Proton dosimeter design for distributed body organs. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of a real-time rem-rad dosimeter with sufficient generality for inclusion of dose distribution factors for space applications is discussed. This generalized dosimetric system is only slightly more complex than dosimeters in current use.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nuclear Technology; 20; Oct. 197
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  • 61
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    Use of the single-breath method of estimating cardiac output during exercise-stress testing. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The single-breath cardiac output measurement technique of Kim et al. (1966) has been modified for use in obtaining cardiac output measurements during exercise-stress tests on Apollo astronauts. The modifications involve the use of a respiratory mass spectrometer for data acquisition and a digital computer program for data analysis. The variation of the modified method for triplicate steady-state cardiac output measurements was plus or minus 1 liter/min. The combined physiological and methodological variation seen during a set of three exercise tests on a series of subjects was 1 to 2.5 liter/min. Comparison of the modified method with the direct Fick technique showed that although the single-breath values were consistently low, the scatter of data was small and the correlation between the two methods was high. Possible reasons for the low single-breath cardiac output values are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; July 197
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  • 62
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    Effects of oxygen-augmented atmosphere on the immune response. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Antibovine serum albumin antibody and nonspecific protein production was evaluated in female rabbits (11-14.5 kg) housed in special cages ventilated with 20% or 40% oxygen at normal barometric pressure. Animals exposed to 40% oxygen do not show normal steady increase of serum antibody. Instead, their titers show a pattern of undershoot, overshoot, undershoot, and finally equilibration at a subnormal level; they have a depressed popliteal node polysome level and have an abnormally low proportion of membrane-bound polysomes. They also show reduced capability of popliteal nodes to synthesize protein (as expected from the reduced number of polysomes). However, the ratio of newly-synthesized specific antibody: nonspecific protein remains normal.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; June 197
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  • 63
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    Remarks on vortex-lattice methods. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of some numerical experiments on simple planar configurations. The experiments serve to establish more precisely some ground rules for optimum lattice arrangements. In particular, the location of both the horseshoe vortex elements and the control points at which the surface boundary conditions are to be satisfied is uniquely determined. Questions of lattice arrangement are discussed together with numerical results and problems of control point location.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; May 1973
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  • 64
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    Corner pressures and fillet shock locations for symmetrical corners by an approximate method. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of an approximate method for predicting the pressure in the immediate corner region and the shock structure on stream-aligned, sharp-leading-edge, symmetrical corner configurations. The method is basically the two-shock method developed by Charwat and Redekopp (1966), with the additional assumption that the corner fillet shock can be located from the calculated pressure in the corner. Corner pressures are correlated over a wide range of Mach numbers in air and helium for different corner wedge angles. The shock structure calculated by this method is compared with supersonic and hypersonic data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 65
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    Conformal mapping for potential flow about airfoils with attached flap. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The conformal mapping sequence presented transforms the potential flow about a circle into that about an airfoil with an attached flap or spoiler. It is found that adequate versatility of the flap shape for a given airfoil can usually be obtained with the indicated functions, although other transformations would expand the variety of possible flap shapes.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; Jan. 197
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  • 66
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    Ergonomics research methods (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Various factors used in ergonomic research are given. They are: (1) anthrometric measurement, (2) polyeffector method of assessing the functional state of man, (3) galvanic skin reaction, (4) pneumography, (5) electromyography, (6) electrooculography, and (7) tachestoscopy. A brief summary is given of each factor and includes instrumentation and results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 165-220
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  • 67
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    Functional states of the operator (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of the changes that occur in the functional state of the operator as he does his job. The functional state of the operator is understood to mean the available characteristics of his functions and qualities which, directly or indirectly, determine how he receives, processes, and reads out information. These characteristics change, depending on many conditions found on the job, and can be higher or lower, than those values which exist in the so-called operator rest state, when the person is doing nothing, but is ready to act. A number of environmental factors, directly or indirectly related to the job, act on the operator controlling a system. Analysis of the causes of changes in the functional state suggests they can be broken down into two main groups: those associated with the physical characteristics of the influencing factors, and those attributable to the informational structure of the signals. There are as well many internal causes, primarily changes in the basic properties of those functions on which operator performance depends for the most part, that affect the functional state.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 119-151
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    Ergonomic prerequisites for artistic designing (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis was made of current problems of ergonomics and engineering psychology as well as certain aspects of the interaction between artists-designers and ergonomists in the planning process.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 126
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  • 69
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    Experimental studies of turbulent aircraft wake (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Review of wind tunnel test data obtained for tip vortex studies on a square-tipped rectangular wing. The results include wing surface pressure distributions, three-dimensional velocity components in the wake, and principal vortex characteristics such as peak tangential velocity and core size distributions. The wind tunnel measurements are compared with flight test data. These comparisons show that the magnitudes of circumferential velocities, normalized by flight speed and lift coefficient, as well as the vortex core radius, normalized by wing span, are in close agreement. The data obtained make possible the calculation of turbulence stress distributions and the formulation of models for the prediction of downstream flow fields.
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  • 70
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    Vector cardiogram hardware report, experiment M093 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Skylab vectorcardiogram system was thoroughly tested during the 56-day SMEAT program. Except for a few problems which were readily resolved, the equipment functioned very well.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 3 p
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  • 71
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    Indirect Blood Pressure Measuring Device (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: Design and performance of a blood pressure recording device for pediatric use are reported. A strain gage transducer with a copper-beryllium strip as force sensing element is used to monitor skin movements and to convert them into electrical signals proportional to those displacements. Experimental tests with this device in recording of force developed above the left femoral artery of a dog accurately produced a blood pressure curve.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 173-186
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  • 72
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    Design Modification of Electrophoretic Equipment (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The improved design of a zone electrophoretic sampler is reported that can be used in mass screening for hemoglobin S, the cause of sickle cell anemia. Considered is a high voltage multicell cellulose acetate device that requires 5 to 6 minutes electrophoresis periods; cells may be activitated individually or simultaneously. A multisample hemoglobin applicator standardizes the amount of sample applied and transfers the homolysate to the electrical wires.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 9-39
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    The Mesa Arizona Pupil Tracking System (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: A computer-based Pupil Tracking/Teacher Monitoring System was designed for Mesa Public Schools, Mesa, Arizona. The established objectives of the system were to: (1) facilitate the economical collection and storage of student performance data necessary to objectively evaluate the relative effectiveness of teachers, instructional methods, materials, and applied concepts; and (2) identify, on a daily basis, those students requiring special attention in specific subject areas. The system encompasses computer hardware/software and integrated curricula progression/administration devices. It provides daily evaluation and monitoring of performance as students progress at class or individualized rates. In the process, it notifies the student and collects information necessary to validate or invalidate subject presentation devices, methods, materials, and measurement devices in terms of direct benefit to the students. The system utilizes a small-scale computer (e.g., IBM 1130) to assure low-cost replicability, and may be used for many subjects of instruction.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev.; Vol. 2; No. 4; p 87-92
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    Approximation for maximum centerline heating on lifting entry vehicles. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A centerline heating approximation is proposed in which only three basic equations need be solved. The heat rates correlate well with those obtained by more complex procedures. The approximation is readily adaptable to existing trajectory optimization programs to provide realistic surface temperature constraint capability with little increase in computer storage capacity and computer time. It is based on an analysis of heat-rate data computed for altitudes from 36,000 to 122,000 m, velocities from 600 to 7900 m/sec, and angles of attack from 0 to 60 degrees.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 75
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    Advanced supersonic inlet technology. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recently, relatively new analytical procedures have been successfully used to design bleed systems for mixed-compression inlets designed to operate efficiently up to Mach number 2.65. The procedures used constitute a major advance in inlet technology by offering a promising approach to attain high internal and external performance for mixed-compression inlets that operate over a large supersonic Mach number range. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data describing bleed hole performance characteristics to verify these procedures at high Mach numbers. This paper briefly discusses the analytical procedures for designing advanced inlet systems and suggests facility modifications wherein the procedures can be verified on large-scale inlet models up to approximately Mach number 4.5.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 10; May 1973
    Format: text
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  • 76
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    Estimation of aerodynamics for slender bodies alone and with lifting surfaces at alpha's from 0 deg to 90 deg. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expressions are derived, according to a method developed by the author (1972), for bodies in which the cross-sectional shape (but not necessarily the area) is constant along the longitudinal axis. For the more general case of a body alone or with lifting surfaces where the cross-sectional shape varies along the length, a similar procedure is suggested. The specific case for an elliptic cone with a triangular wing is considered, and formulas for winged elliptic cross sections are developed. For the limited test conditions shown, the agreement between computed and experimental results is very good.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 11; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 77
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    Human eye movements during various forms of linear acceleration and weightlessness (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: Eye movements of human subjects were recorded electronystagmographically in complete darkness during rectilinear horizontal accelerations as achieved in cars on the ground and also during aircraft parabolic flight. The results were compared to the movements of blinded goldfish subjected to similar changes of gravitoinertial forces. The results indicate that there is a human correlation with the gravity reference response of fish. During horizontal forward accelerations on the ground the human eyes turn downward and during horizontal backward acceleration the eyes turn upward. The human eye response to g-loads below 1 g and to weightlessness is the reverse of the tilt of the fish. While fish dive down during low g, or loop forward during weightlessness, the eyes of subjects sitting upright in an aircraft which flies at 0 g move upward.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AGARD The Use of Nystagmography in Aviation Med.; 3 p
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  • 78
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    Silica RSI entry simulation tests (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Simulated reentry heating of the all-silica surface insulation material under a variety of conditions including arc jet and radiant lamp facilities for up to 100 simulated flight cycles has demonstrated consistent thermal performance capability. Consistent predictability along with demonstrated coating integrity and dimensional stability to 1645 K validates the earlier selection of the all-silica material for the RSI application.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 623-666
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  • 79
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    Entry environmental simulation testing of REI-Mullite TPS (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Glassy fibrous mullite coatings exhibit noncatalytic surface characteristics which limit surface temperature rise under certain convective heat flux conditions. Thermal conductivity design curves provide good agreement with test results. The inclusion of shine-in effects results in improved accuracy of transient temperature gradient predictions for the materials.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 485-524
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  • 80
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    Aerodynamic simulation tests of RSI panels (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technique of mixing argon with air was used to simulate the temperature-time trajectory experienced by space shuttle vehicle insulation panels. Gap heating appears to be highly dependent upon gap design, it is relatively low for interlocking and tapered panel designs and significantly higher for a wider, unfilled gap design. The heating rate appears to be significantly higher at the windward facing edges of flush tiles and is aggravated at forward facing steps. This heating, however, is highly dependent on step heights relative to some characteristic thickness of the boundary layer.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 371-423
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  • 81
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    Hematological Viscometry (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Concepts and defining equations for the design of a relative velocity blood viscometer are reported. The device consists of two cone and plate chambers, a variable speed drive, and rotational velocity detectors. Two con-plate systems are directly coupled with one system driving the other through the viscous drag transmitted in the test fluid. Angular velocity measurements are processed electronically. A brief description of current viscometer designs is included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 105-140
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  • 82
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    Handling System for Iridium-192 Seeds (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: A complete system is proposed for safe handling of iridium-192 seeds used to internally irradiate malignant growths. A vibratory hopper feeds the seeds onto a transport system for deposit in a magazine or storage area. A circular magazine consisting of segmented plastic tubing with holes in the walls to accommodate the seeds seems feasible. The magazine is indexed to stop and release a seed for calibration and deposition.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 141-171
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  • 83
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    Operating Room Environment Control. Part A: a Valve Cannister System for Anesthetic Gas Adsorption. Part B: a State-of-the-art Survey of Laminar Flow Operating Rooms. Part C: Three Laminar Flow Experiments (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An anesthetic gas flow pop-off valve canister is described that is airtight and permits the patient to breath freely. Once its release mechanism is activated, the exhaust gases are collected at a hose adapter and passed through activated coal for adsorption. A survey of laminar air flow clean rooms is presented and the installation of laminar cross flow air systems in operating rooms is recommended. Laminar flow ventilation experiments determine drying period evaporation rates for chicken intestines, sponges, and sections of pig stomach.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 41-104
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  • 84
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    A gravity exercise system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An effective method for muscle conditioning during weightlessness flight is derived from isometric exercise. The basic principle of gravity exercise is to periodically displace the human body upon reactionless rollers so that spacial equilibrium can only be maintained by the proper tension and relaxation of the body's muscles. A rotating platform mounted upon two degrees of freedom rollers provides such a condition of gravitational reaction stress throughout each of its 360 deg rotation.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 311-316
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  • 85
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    Medical electronics: A need and a challenge (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Space programs have led to the development of telemetry pills for diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract, reusable X-ray image storage plates that require no chemical processing, and muscular augmentation systems for the handicapped. These examples, together with countless other examples of technological innovation that can be drawn from research and development programs supported by government funds, offer a potential opportunity to stimulate growth and to control rising costs in medical electronics.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: WESCON The 1973 WESCON Tech. Papers, Vol. 17; 4 p
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  • 86
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD) Volume 7: IPAD benefits and impact (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The potential benefits, impact and spinoff of IPAD technology are described. The benefits are projected from a flowtime and labor cost analysis of the design process and a study of the flowtime and labor cost savings being experienced with existing integrated systems. Benefits in terms of designer productivity, company effectiveness, and IPAD as a national resource are developed. A description is given of the potential impact of information handling as an IPAD technology, upon task and organization structure and people who use IPAD. Spinoff of IPAD technology to nonaerospace industries is discussed. The results of a personal survey made of aerospace, nonaerospace, government and university sources are given.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132397 , D6-60181-7
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  • 87
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 6: IPAD system development and operation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The strategy of the IPAD implementation plan presented, proposes a three phase development of the IPAD system and technical modules, and the transfer of this capability from the development environment to the aerospace vehicle design environment. The system and technical module capabilities for each phase of development are described. The system and technical module programming languages are recommended as well as the initial host computer system hardware and operating system. The cost of developing the IPAD technology is estimated. A schedule displaying the flowtime required for each development task is given. A PERT chart gives the developmental relationships of each of the tasks and an estimate of the operational cost of the IPAD system is offered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132396 , D6-60181-6
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  • 88
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 5: Catalog of IPAD technical program elements (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The catalog is presented of technical program elements which are required to support the design activities for a subsonic and supersonic commercial transport. Information for each element consists of usage and storage information, ownership, status and an abstract describing the purpose of the element.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132395 , D6-60181-5
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  • 89
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 4: IPAD system design (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The computing system design of IPAD is described and the requirements which form the basis for the system design are discussed. The system is presented in terms of a functional design description and technical design specifications. The functional design specifications give the detailed description of the system design using top-down structured programming methodology. Human behavioral characteristics, which specify the system design at the user interface, security considerations, and standards for system design, implementation, and maintenance are also part of the technical design specifications. Detailed specifications of the two most common computing system types in use by the major aerospace companies which could support the IPAD system design are presented. The report of a study to investigate migration of IPAD software between the two candidate 3rd generation host computing systems and from these systems to a 4th generation system is included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132394 , D6-60181-4
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  • 90
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 3: Support of the design process (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The user requirements for computer support of the IPAD design process are identified. The user-system interface, language, equipment, and computational requirements are considered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132393 , D6-60181-3
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  • 91
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 2: The design process (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The extent to which IPAD is to support the design process is identified. Case studies of representative aerospace products were developed as models to characterize the design process and to provide design requirements for the IPAD computing system.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132392 , D6-60181-2
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  • 92
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 1B: Concise review (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Reports on the design process, support of the design process, IPAD System design catalog of IPAD technical program elements, IPAD System development and operation, and IPAD benefits and impact are concisely reviewed. The approach used to define the design is described. Major activities performed during the product development cycle are identified. The computer system requirements necessary to support the design process are given as computational requirements of the host system, technical program elements and system features. The IPAD computer system design is presented as concepts, a functional description and an organizational diagram of its major components. The cost and schedules and a three phase plan for IPAD implementation are presented. The benefits and impact of IPAD technology are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132391 , D6-60181-1B
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  • 93
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 1A: Summary (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: IPAD was defined as a total system oriented to the product design process. This total system was designed to recognize the product design process, individuals and their design process tasks, and the computer-based IPAD System to aid product design. Principal elements of the IPAD System include the host computer and its interactive system software, new executive and data management software, and an open-ended IPAD library of technical programs to match the intended product design process. The basic goal of the IPAD total system is to increase the productivity of the product design organization. Increases in individual productivity were feasible through automation and computer support of routine information handling. Such proven automation can directly decrease cost and flowtime in the product design process.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132390 , D6-60181-1A
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  • 94
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 6: Implementation schedule, development costs, operational costs, benefit assessment, impact on company organization, spin-off assessment, phase 1, tasks 3 to 8 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A baseline implementation plan, including alternative implementation approaches for critical software elements and variants to the plan, was developed. The basic philosophy was aimed at: (1) a progressive release of capability for three major computing systems, (2) an end product that was a working tool, (3) giving participation to industry, government agencies, and universities, and (4) emphasizing the development of critical elements of the IPAD framework software. The results of these tasks indicate an IPAD first release capability 45 months after go-ahead, a five year total implementation schedule, and a total developmental cost of 2027 man-months and 1074 computer hours. Several areas of operational cost increases were identified mainly due to the impact of additional equipment needed and additional computer overhead. The benefits of an IPAD system were related mainly to potential savings in engineering man-hours, reduction of design-cycle calendar time, and indirect upgrading of product quality and performance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132406
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  • 95
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 5: Design of the IPAD system. Part 2: System design. Part 3: General purpose utilities, phase 1, task 2 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Viable designs are presented of various elements of the IPAD framework software, data base management system, and required new languages in relation to the capabilities of operating systems software. A thorough evaluation was made of the basic systems functions to be provide by each software element, its requirements defined in the conceptual design, the operating systems features affecting its design, and the engineering/design functions which it was intended to enhance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132405
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  • 96
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 4: Design of the IPAD system. Part 1: IPAD system design requirements, phase 1, task 2 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: System requirements, software elements, and hardware equipment required for an IPAD system are defined. An IPAD conceptual design was evolved, a potential user survey was conducted, and work loads for various types of interactive terminals were projected. Various features of major host computing systems were compared, and target systems were selected in order to identify the various elements of software required.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132404
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  • 97
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 3: Engineering creative/evaluation processes, phase 1, task 2 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A series of functional flow charts are considered that were developed to properly identify and record the degree of participation of the disciplines considered in this feasibility study and the type of data required in the design process.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132403
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  • 98
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 2: Characterization of the IPAD system, phase 1, task 1 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The aircraft design process is discussed along with the degree of participation of the various engineering disciplines considered in this feasibility study.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132402
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  • 99
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    Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 1: Summary (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An overview is provided of the Ipad System, including its goals and objectives, organization, capabilities and future usefulness. The systems implementation is also presented with operational cost summaries.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-132401
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  • 100
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    Plotting program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A description of and users manual for a USA FORTRAN IV computer program which plots the planform and control points of a wing are presented. The program also plots some of the configuration data such as the aspect ratio. The planform data is stored on a disc file which is created by a geometry program. This program, the geometry program, and several other programs are used together in the analysis of lifting, thin wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function lifting surface theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-62321
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