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  • Organic Chemistry  (68,964)
  • Chemical Engineering  (17,982)
  • Biochemistry
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  • 1
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Equine Science - Applications and Implications of New Technologies explores the fascinating world of history and technological advances in equine research. This comprehensive book explores the history and health of horses and the use of reproductive technologies in these animals. As tradition meets innovation, it delves into the ethical implications and responsible use of these technologies to ensure animal welfare. Expertly authored by scientists, it is an indispensable guide for horse enthusiasts, veterinarians, trainers, and researchers seeking to harness the power of innovation to unlock the full potential of the equine species.
    Keywords: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis ; System Disorders ; Genetics ; Biochemistry ; Exercise ; Anatomy ; Physiology ; Biomechanics ; Reproduction ; Artificial Insemination ; Embryo ; Hormones ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Soybean is an agricultural crop of tremendous economic importance. Soybean and food items derived from it form dietary components of numerous people, especially those living in the Orient. The health benefits of soybean have attracted the attention of nutritionists as well as common people.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Most will agree that one major achievement in the bio-separation techniques is affinity chromatography. This coined terminology covers a myriad of separation approaches that relies mainly on reversible adsorption of biomolecules through biospecific interactions on the ligand. Within this book, the authors tried to deliver for you simplified fundamentals of affinity chromatography together with exemplarily applications of this versatile technique. We have always been endeavor to keep the contents of the book crisp and easily comprehensive, hoping that this book will receive an overwhelming interest, deliver benefits and valuable information to the readers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proteins are indispensable players in virtually all biological events. The functions of proteins are coordinated through intricate regulatory networks of transient protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To predict and/or study PPIs, a wide variety of techniques have been developed over the last several decades. Many in vitro and in vivo assays have been implemented to explore the mechanism of these ubiquitous interactions. However, despite significant advances in these experimental approaches, many limitations exist such as false-positives/false-negatives, difficulty in obtaining crystal structures of proteins, challenges in the detection of transient PPI, among others. To overcome these limitations, many computational approaches have been developed which are becoming increasingly widely used to facilitate the investigation of PPIs. This book has gathered an ensemble of experts in the field, in 22 chapters, which have been broadly categorized into Computational Approaches, Experimental Approaches, and Others.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: By typing into databases such as Medline or PubMed the word “lipoprotein” one gets more than 100.000 hits that highlight the common interest in this topic. It is actually impossible to cover all aspects of lipoprotein structure, function, metabolism and pathophysiology in one issue like the present volume, but attempts have been made to concentrate on topics that are in focus of current lipoprotein research. These topics have been divided into 10 sections. This volume will help new investigators in the field to get acquainted with the general topic of lipoprotein research and will guide scientists interested in this area to emerging new fields.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proteomics was thought to be a natural extension after the field of genomics has deposited significant amount of data. However, simply taking a straight verbatim approach to catalog all proteins in all tissues of different organisms is not viable. Researchers may need to focus on the perspectives of proteomics that are essential to the functional outcome of the cells. In Integrative Proteomics, expert researchers contribute both historical perspectives, new developments in sample preparation, gel-based and non-gel-based protein separation and identification using mass spectrometry. Substantial chapters are describing studies of the sub-proteomes such as phosphoproteome or glycoproteomes which are directly related to functional outcomes of the cells. Structural proteomics related to pharmaceutics development is also a perspective of the essence. Bioinformatics tools that can mine proteomics data and lead to pathway analyses become an integral part of proteomics. Integrative proteomics covers both look-backs and look-outs of proteomics. It is an ideal reference for students, new researchers, and experienced scientists who want to get an overview or insights into new development of the proteomics field.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: It is my great honor and pleasure to introduce this comprehensive book to readers who are interested in carbohydrates. This book contains 23 excellent chapters written by experts from the fields of chemistry, glycobiology, microbiology, immunology, botany, zoology, as well as biotechnology. According to the topics, methods and targets, the 23 chapters are further divided into five independent sections. In addition to the basic research, this book also offers much in the way of experiences, tools, and technologies for readers who are interested in different fields of Glycobiology. I believe that readers can obtain more than anticipated from this meaningful and useful book.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds present in plants used for food and medicine. A great deal of interest has been generated recently in the isolation, characterization and biological activity of these phytochemicals. This book is in response to the need for more current and global scope of phytochemicals. It contains chapters written by internationally recognized authors. The topics covered in the book range from their occurrence, chemical and physical characteristics, analytical procedures, biological activity, safety and industrial applications. The book has been planned to meet the needs of the researchers, health professionals, government regulatory agencies and industries. This book will serve as a standard reference book in this important and fast growing area of phytochemicals, human nutrition and health.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides insights into a wide range of topics related to milk protein. The chapters of this book will be of significant value to those interested in dairy foods, milk chemistry, cheese production, human health, neonatal development, lactation and mammary gland biology, and milk protein production. These chapters explore a range of topics related to milk protein, including: bioactivities of milk proteins and the peptides generated from those proteins; novel functions ascribed for some milk proteins; how processing of milk can impact milk proteins; allergies associated with consumption of milk; genetic variation of milk proteins; application of genomic technologies to explore expression of proteins during milk synthesis; and production of milk and milk protein as affected by environmental factors.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global food industry has the largest number of demanding and knowledgeable consumers: the world population of seven billion inhabitants, since every person eats! This population requires food products that fulfill the high quality standards established by the food industry organizations. Food shortages threaten human health and are aggravated by the disastrous, extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, fires, storms connected to climate change, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions that modify the environment and, consequently, the production of foods in the agriculture and husbandry sectors. This collection of articles is a timely contribution to issues relating to the food industry. They were selected for use as a primer, an investigation guide and documentation based on modern, scientific and technical references. This volume is therefore appropriate for use by university researchers and practicing food developers and producers. The control of food processing and production is not only discussed in scientific terms; engineering, economic and financial aspects are also considered for the advantage of food industry managers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The purpose of this book is to concentrate on recent developments on lipid peroxidation. The articles collected in this book are contributions by invited researchers with a long-standing experience in different research areas. We hope that the material presented here is understandable to a broad audience, not only scientists but also people with general background in many different biological sciences. This volume offers you up-to-date, expert reviews of the fast-moving field of Lipid Peroxidation. The book is divided in four mayor sections: 1-Lipid peroxidation: chemical mechanisms, antioxidants, biological implications; 2-Evaluation of lipid peroxidation processes; 3-Lipid peroxidation in vegetables, oils, plants and meats and 4-Lipid peroxidation in health and disease.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a book that has been thought to present the most significant advances in these disciplines focused on the knowledge of such toxins. All authors, who supported the excellent work showed in every chapter of this book, are placed at the frontier of knowledge on this subject, thus, this book will be obligated reference to issue upon its publication. Finally, this book has been published in an attempt to present a written forum for researchers and teachers interested in the subject, having a current picture in this field of research about these interesting and intriguing toxins.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-06-07
    Description: The antioxidant activities against DPPH free radical of crude extracts using ethyl acetatee and methanol from Uroteuthis Chinensis were studied muscles of, ranged from 13.43% to 41.13%. TLC and FT-IR analysis of several fractions methanol extracts showed the presence of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. SDS-PAGE result of some fractions of methanol extracts described the presence of proteins with a molecular weight of 19-220 kDa. The antioxidant activities of different segments of the Uroteuthis Chinensis were various.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Squid ; Uroteuthis chinensis ; Biochemistry ; Antioxidant
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This Open Access book discusses the progress of science and the transfer of scientific knowledge to technological application. It also identifies the factors necessary to achieve this progress. Based on a case study of the physical chemist Fritz Haber's discovery of ammonia synthesis between 1903 and 1909, the book places Haber's work in historical and scientific (physicochemical) context. The scientific developments of the preceding century are framed in a way that emphasizes the confluence of knowledge needed for Haber's success. Against this background, Haber's work is presented in detail along with the indispensable contributions of his colleague, the physical chemist, Walter Nernst, and their assistants. The detailed accounts of scientific advancement remind us of the physical basis on which our scientific theories and ideas are built. Without this reminder we often forget how complex, and how beautiful achievements in science can be.
    Keywords: Fritz Haber ; Ammonia Synthesis ; Scientific Discovery ; Technological Innovation ; Physical Chemistry ; Theory of Scientific Progress ; The challenge of technical Implementation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The term “reactive oxygen species” (ROS) refers to a group of reactive molecules and free radicals produced by molecular oxygen. In recent decades, there has been great interest in the role of ROS in various diseases. From basic science research to clinical trials, biomedical scientists have made rapid progress toward a better understanding of ROS-metabolizing systems and their role in health and diseases. This book includes sixteen chapters that address topics such as the history of ROS, its role in autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and aging, and recent advances in various antioxidants and their therapeutic potential.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 17
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides the most current information on the effects of vitamin B deficiency as well as the roles of niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and vitamin B12 in numerous disorders. Chapters discuss novel applications of B-complex vitamins, such as thiamin in patients with critical conditions, dietary supplements in the prevention of renal stones, and treatment of COVID-19. Throughout, the authors discuss the effects of vitamin B deficiency from retrospective, perspective, and prospective points of view.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin and a significant hydrophobic signaling molecule, like vitamins A and D. Besides its classical functions as a cofactor of γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the γ-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins, vitamin K has novel physiological and pharmacological activities that have been elucidated in the past two decades. The discovery of detailed action mechanisms of non-classical activities of vitamin K and the development of novel derivatives with unique structural and biological profiles would improve the understanding of vitamin K functions and clinical applications. This book discusses the biology and chemistry of vitamin K, which is helpful for fundamental and clinical investigations.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The essential principles of green chemistry are the use of renewable raw materials, highly efficient catalysts and green solvents linked with energy efficiency and process optimization in real-time. Experts from different fields show, how to examine all levels from the molecular elementary steps up to the design and operation of an entire plant for developing novel and efficient production processes.
    Keywords: Process Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Technical Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The diverse phenomenon of post-translational modifications of biological macromolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) includes phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation, and proteolysis. The mechanism of protein glycosylation has an important role in the regulation of human health. This book identifies the fundamentals of glycosylation that help in understanding the concepts of protein glycosylation and its significance.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The International Conference on Phytochemistry, Textile, & Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICPTRE 2020) was hosted by the World bank funded Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytochemicals, Textile and Renewable Energy (ACEII-PTRE) based at Moi University in conjunction with Donghua University, China and the Sino–Africa International Symposium on Textiles and Apparel (SAISTA). The theme of the conference was Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation for Industrial Growth. The research relationships between universities and industry have enabled the two entities to flourish and, in the past, have been credited for accelerated sustainable development and uplifting of millions out poverty. ICPTRE 2020 therefore provided a platform for academic researchers drawn from across the world to meet key industry professionals and actively share knowledge while advancing the role of research in industrial development, particularly, in the developing nations. The conference also provided exhibitors with an opportunity to interact with professionals and showcase their business, products, technologies and equipment. During the course of the conference, industrial exhibitions, research papers and presentations in the fields of phytochemistry, textiles, renewable energy, industry, science, technology, innovations and much more were presented.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Botany and plant sciences ; Organic chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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  • 22
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22039 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 08:15:09 | 22039 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This study was carried out to find the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2) on biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). One hundred and eighty 5-month stellate sturgeon with an average weight of 11.7 ± 0.2 g were divided into 3 treatments with 3 replicates each with 20 fish per tank. The treatments were included 0, 25 and 50 mg E2/kg diet. At the termination of 7 months feeding trial with different levels of E2, blood biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition were measured. The results of biochemical parameters including plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium and phosphorus showed dose-dependent manner. The lowest and highest levels of all biochemical parameters were observed in fish fed control and 50 mg E2/kg diet, respectively (p〈 0.05). Plasma sex steroids concentrations showed the lowest level of E2 in fish fed control diet, while the highest levels of testosterone and progesterone were observed in this treatment (p〈 0.05). Proximate carcass analysis showed no significant difference in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents among the treatments (p〉 〉0.05). Final weight, total length, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were also affected by different levels of E2 (p〈 0.05). The results of present study demonstrated that using E2 in the diet of juvenile stellate sturgeon can influence most of biochemical indices and sex steroids which seems that those were related to the changes of sex ratio and some physiological parameters.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Stellate sturgeon ; Sex steroids ; Biochemistry ; Growth ; sex ; composition ; Acipenser stellatus ; juveniles ; fed ; dietary ; levels ; 17-ß estradiol ; Iran
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  • 23
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22856 | 18721 | 2018-05-30 19:16:54 | 22856 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Cryopreservation of seabass (Lates calcarifer) semen is an approach to increase the quantity and quality of seabass fry in aquaculture. However, cold shock can induce sperm injury leading to structural damage of the plasma membrane and loss of motility. Thus, the effect of cryopreservation on fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of seabass sperm was determined. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the proportion of C16:0 was significantly increased (p=0.05), while the proportion of C23:0, C22:6 n3, C22:5 n6, and C18:1n9t decreased significantly after freeze-thawing compared with that in fresh semen (p≤0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids significantly increased (p〈0.05) but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (p=0.05) in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Consequently, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid was greatly decreased in frozen sperm (p〈0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in frozen-thawed sperm increased significantly while activity of catalase did not differ at p〉0.05. Malondialdehyde levels increased after cryopreservation compared to fresh semen (p=0.05). These results indicated that an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in cryopreserved spermatozoa did not efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids and finally irreversible loss of sperm motility.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Lates calcarifer ; Sperm ; Cryopreservation ; Fatty acid composition ; Antioxidant enzymes ; Biochemistry ; Thailand
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  • 24
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22282 | 18721 | 2018-03-10 14:54:34 | 22282 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Hematological and biochemical changes were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50g in the presence of b,1-3, D-glucan as a single intraperitoneal injection (0.3mg/kg body weight) once, and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentration of 1.5 mg/L as a continuous bath for 63 days at 22±1ºC. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon, generally showed significant higher values of RBC (P〈0.05) compare to fish treated with glucan plus diazinon bath, while there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of HCT, Hb, MCH and MCHC between the two groups. Also, fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon bath, showed significant higher values of RBC than that untreated fish up to 3 weeks post-treatment (P〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in other erythrocytic indices between these two groups (P〉0.05). Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than other three groups for 14-28 days post-treatment and then they decreased to the lower level for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed insignificant higher levels of these enzymes up to 21 days post-exposure compare to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〉0.05). However, such levels reduced to a lower level in this group for the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〈0.05).
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Huso huso ; Diazinon ; Glucan ; Hematology ; Biochemistry ; Iran
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  • 25
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    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26326 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:33:06 | 26326 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved cadmium, copper, iron, lead and nickel in seawater at different depths were analyzed using the cobalt-APDC coprecipitation technique. The concentrations found were low and within the range found in natural seawater elsewhere. Terrestrial sources, especially near the head of the Gulf of Thailand and the Nakorn Sri Thammarat-Songkhla area on the Thai-Malay Peninsular, were clearly observed especially during the high runoff season. External input and horizontal dispersion dominated over internal recycling and removal in controlling concentration and distribution of iron and copper but it was the opposite for cadmium, nickel and lead where biological removal near surface and bottom regeneration might explain the nutrient type vertical profiles of these elements.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Biochemistry ; Trace metals ; Vertical profiles ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
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  • 26
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22825 | 18721 | 2018-05-25 17:53:46 | 22825 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of propolis on biochemical and microbiological parameters in muscle tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) exposed to arsenic. A sublethal concentration of arsenic (0.01 ppm) and/or 0.01 ppm propolis were administered to fish for seven days. Biochemical parameters [pH, lactic acid, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and malondialdehyde (MDA) values] and microbiological changes (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria count) were determined in fillet of carp in control, arsenic only, propolis only and arsenic+propolis treatment groups. Results showed that the levels of MDA, lactic acid and TVB-N increased (p〈0.05) while there were decreases total counts of psychrophilic, mesophilic bacteria and level of pH in arsenic group compared to the control group. Additionally, levels of pH, lactic acid, TVB-N, counts of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria in arsenic (0.01 ppm)+propolis (10 ppm) group significantly reduced compared to arsenic group (p〈0.05). In conclusion, propolis can affects some biochemical and microbiologic functions and quality in the fillet of carp exposed to arsenic.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Arsenic ; Biochemical parameter ; Carp ; Fillet ; Microbiological analysis ; Propolis ; Biochemistry ; Turkey
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  • 27
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25001 | 18721 | 2018-11-19 09:52:12 | 25001 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The oxidation of fat in fish diets due to oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. The effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on the growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeons (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. Three different diets were implemented to three different groups: a control group, Group OFO_50 (50% oil fish oxidized) and Group OFO_100 (100% oil fish oxidized). 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, , were randomly divided into 9 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 700 liters after a 2 week adaptation period. Feeding was performed three times a day (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the specimens’ appetite during the period of the study. After 6 weeks, sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. In both oxidized oil-fed groups, adverse impact on growth was seen. Also, a significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the OFO_100 groups. The results showed that feeding hybrid sturgeons with diets containing oxidized fish oil, cause a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, it was undesirable and relevant to an increase in visceral fat.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Oxidized lipid ; Hybrid sturgeon ; Growth ; Fat metabolism ; Blood ; Biochemistry ; Fish oil ; Diet ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Naturally present bioactive compounds in plants are referred to as "Phytochemicals" and are being studied extensively for their role in human health. Studies have shown that they can have an important role to play in the prevention and management of several human diseases. Recognizing the increasing interest in this area, this book is being published in response to the need for more current information globally about phytochemicals and their role in human health. Chapters of the book are authored by internationally recognized authors who are experts in their respective field of expertise. The chapters represent both original research as well as up-to-date and comprehensive reviews. We are sure that the book will be an important reference source meeting the needs of a wide range of interest groups.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Soybean is an agricultural crop of tremendous economic importance. Soybean and food items derived from it form dietary components of numerous people, especially those living in the Orient. The health benefits of soybean have attracted the attention of nutritionists as well as common people.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book highlights concepts discussed at two international conferences that brought together world-renowned scientists to advance the science of potassium (K) recommendations for crops. There was general agreement that the potassium recommendations currently in general use are oversimplified, outdated, and jeopardize soil, plant, and human health. Accordingly, this book puts forward a significantly expanded K cycle that more accurately depicts K inputs, losses and transformations in soils. This new cycle serves as both the conceptual basis for the scientific discussions in this book and a framework upon which to build future improvements. Previously used approaches are critically reviewed and assessed, not only for their relevance to future enhancements, but also for their use as metrics of sustainability. An initial effort is made to link K nutrition in crops and K nutrition in humans. The book offers an invaluable asset for graduate students, educators, industry scientists, data scientists, and advanced agronomists.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Plant Biochemistry ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Applied Ecology ; Soil Science ; Bioavailable Potassium ; Fertilizer Management ; Plant Nutrition ; Potash ; Soil Chemistry ; Sustainability ; Open access ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biochemistry ; Sedimentology & pedology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Protein interactions, which include interactions between proteins and other biomolecules, are essential to all aspects of biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, investigation and modulation of protein interactions are of significance as it not only reveals the mechanism governing cellular activity, but also leads to potential agents for the treatment of various diseases. The objective of this book is to highlight some of the latest approaches in the study of protein interactions, including modulation of protein interactions, development of analytical techniques, etc. Collectively they demonstrate the importance and the possibility for the further investigation and modulation of protein interactions as technology is evolving.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Over the recent years, biochemistry has become responsible for explaining living processes such that many scientists in the life sciences from agronomy to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. This book contains an overview focusing on the research area of proteins, enzymes, cellular mechanisms and chemical compounds used in relevant approaches. The book deals with basic issues and some of the recent developments in biochemistry. Particular emphasis is devoted to both theoretical and experimental aspect of modern biochemistry. The primary target audience for the book includes students, researchers, biologists, chemists, chemical engineers and professionals who are interested in biochemistry, molecular biology and associated areas. The book is written by international scientists with expertise in protein biochemistry, enzymology, molecular biology and genetics many of which are active in biochemical and biomedical research. We hope that the book will enhance the knowledge of scientists in the complexities of some biochemical approaches; it will stimulate both professionals and students to dedicate part of their future research in understanding relevant mechanisms and applications of biochemistry.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is intended to present current concepts in molecular biology with the emphasis on the application to animal, plant and human pathology, in various aspects such as etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of diseases as well as the use of these methodologies in understanding the pathophysiology of various diseases that affect living beings.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biochemistry laboratory manual for undergraduates – an inquiry based approach by Gerczei and Pattison is the first textbook on the market that uses a highly relevant model, antibiotic resistance, to teach seminal topics of biochemistry and molecular biology while incorporating the blossoming field of bioinformatics. The novelty of this manual is the incorporation of a student-driven real real-life research project into the undergraduate curriculum. Since students test their own mutant design, even the most experienced students remain engaged with the process, while the less experienced ones get their first taste of biochemistry research. Inclusion of a research project does not entail a limitation: this manual includes all classic biochemistry techniques such as HPLC or enzyme kinetics and is complete with numerous problem sets relating to each topic.
    Keywords: QD415-436 ; Molecular Biology ; Biochemistry ; Laboratory Manual ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice. ; Up-to-date contributions by experts from international research centers and universities Provides practical knowledge and strong scientific foundation on rice biotechnology All-in-one resource for current advances in rice breeding Open Access
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plant Physiology ; Nutrition ; Plant Biotechnology ; Plant Genetics ; Open Access ; Rice Biotechnologies ; Rice Breeding ; biotic stress tolerance ; abiotic stress tolerance ; Submergence tolerance ; Biofortification ; Marker Assisted and Forward Breeding ; disease resistance ; CRISPR/CAS ; Agricultural science ; Botany & plant sciences ; Biotechnology ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In mammalian blood plasma there exist some 6 major lipoprotein classes. Under physiological conditions lipoproteins are certainly beneficial as they transport nutrients and steroids to numerous organs for further metabolism. On the other hand, under pathophysiological conditions most lipoprotein classes promote atherogenesis except of HDL that are considered to be anti-atherogenic. Lipoprotein research is a wide field comprising basic science, analytical methods and clinical investigations. Thus this issue does not raise the claim to give a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge, but rather focuses on specific questions related to animal models in lipoprotein research as well as features of the most atherogenic lipoprotein, Lp(a).
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is mainly present in fruits and vegetables. The consumption of such foods is important since the human body does not have the ability to produce this essential micronutrient. Because it is water soluble, it can also easily be lost in cooking and long-term storage. Even though the role of vitamin C has been known since the early 1930s, only recently have researchers been actively studying and demonstrating its role and function in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. These studies will be the key to providing the scientific basis that explains why this simple but important vitamin possesses such a wide range of positive biological activities.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Consumer product acceptance and market success are dependent on the product's aroma/flavour. Flavours can be produced through chemical synthesis, microbial biocatalysis or by extraction from plants and animal sources. In recent times, chemical synthesis is not as desirable as this is not eco-friendly. So, in the food industry, natural ingredients are added to preparations for efficiency, softness or emotional appeal. Microbiology, bioengineering and biochemistry have enabled the elucidation of metabolic pathways; genetic engineering is expected to help in identifying metabolic blockages and creating novel high-yielding strains, while proteomics help in the application of analytical techniques. All these sciences, old and new, will lead to innovative ideas in the quest for better, sustainable and consumer-approved flavours and aromas.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book deepens the study and knowledge on pectins, especially in the processes of extraction, purification, and characterization, in short its many and wide applications. Among the most prominent applications are the food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. The development of pectins has a very promising future with a marked annual increase and with a wide range of sources. As written above, this book will help its readers to expand their knowledge on this biopolymer with vast application in the industry worldwide.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Essential oils have been used for centuries by communities all over the world in various areas and for various purposes. These include uses in medicine, flavoring, perfumery, cosmetics, insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides, among others. They are natural and biodegradable substances, generally nontoxic or with low toxicity to humans and other animals. Therefore, constant research in these areas represents an alternative for new and more efficient drugs with less side effects as well as obtaining new products and supplies. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications of essential oils in a variety of human activities with a focus on the most important evidence-based developments in the various fields of knowledge.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents new aspects and technologies for the applicability of soybean and soybean products in industry (human food, livestock feed, oil and biodiesel production, textile, medicine) as well as for future uses of some soybean sub-products. The contributions are organized in two sections considering soybean in aspects of food, nutrition and health and modern processing technologies. Each of the sections covers a wide range of topics. The authors are from many countries all over the world and this clearly shows that the soybean research and applications are of global significance.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited book, "Nucleic Acids - From Basic Aspects to Laboratory Tools", contains a series of chapters that highlight the development and status of the various aspects of the nucleic acids related to DNA chemistry and biology and the molecular application of these small DNA molecules and related synthetic analogues within biological systems. Furthermore, it is hoped that the information in the present book will be of value to those directly engaged in the handling and use of nucleic acids, and that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all who are interested in the different fascinating aspects of molecular biology.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 44
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book reports on a pilot project aiming at collecting information on the socio-ecological risks that could arise in the event of an uncontrolled spread of genetically engineered organisms into the environment. The researchers will, for instance, be taking a closer look at genetically engineered oilseed rape, genetically engineered olive flies as well as plants and animals with so-called gene drives. The book mainly adresses researchers.
    Keywords: Ecotoxicology ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Management ; Genetically modified organisms ; Socio-ecological risk ; Olive flies ; Environmental spread ; Open Access book ; Environmental science, engineering & technology ; Biochemistry ; Environmental medicine ; Environmental management, ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book is the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Biomineralization (BIOMIN XIV) held in 2017 at Tsukuba. Over the past 45 years, biomineralization research has unveiled details of the characteristics of the nano-structure of various biominerals; the formation mechanism of this nano-structure, including the initial stage of crystallization; and the function of organic matrices in biominerals, and this knowledge has been applied to dental, medical, pharmaceutical, materials, agricultural and environmental sciences and paleontology. As such, biomineralization is an important interdisciplinary research area, and further advances are expected in both fundamental and applied research.
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Biochemistry ; Mineralogy ; Inorganic chemistry ; Cell biology ; Biomaterials ; Dentistry ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKE Dentistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents the importance of applying of novel genetics and breading technologies. The efficient genotype selections and gene transformations provide for generation of new and improved soybean cultivars, resistant to disease and environmental stresses. The book introduces also a few recent modern techniques and technologies for detection of plant stress and characterization of biomaterials as well as for processing of soybean food and oil products.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is about the chemical properties of starch. The book is a rich compendium driven by the desire to address the unmet needs of biomedical scientists to respond adequately to the controversy on the chemical properties and attendant reactivity of starch. It is a collective endeavor by a group of editors and authors with a wealth of experience and expertise on starch to aggregate the influence of qualitative and quantitative morphological, chemical, and genetic properties of starch on its functionalities, use, applications, and health benefits. The chemical properties of starch are conferred by the presence, amount and/or quality of amylose and amylopectin molecules, granule structure, and the nature and amounts of the lipid and protein molecules. The implication of this is comprehensively dealt with in this book.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk, wool and traction, thus allowing human utilization of non-tillable land and industrial by-products. The nutritional flexibility of ruminants is conferred by the rumen´s complex microbial community. Driven by rising income and population growth in emergent economies, the global demand for livestock products, including milk and meat from ruminants, has been increasingly growing, and is predicted to continue growing in the next few decades. The increase in production necessary to satisfy this rising demand is putting much pressure on already dwindling natural resources. There are also concerns about the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases associated to ruminant production. The need to make ruminant production more efficient in the use of natural resources poses a big challenge to ruminant science, and within it, rumen microbiology. Recent years have seen important advances in basic and applied rumen microbiology and biochemistry. The knowledge generated has significant implications for the efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production and the quality of ruminant products for human health. The present compilation is an update of recent advances in rumen microbiology and ruminant digestion and fermentation, including original research, reviews, and hypothesis and theory articles. We hope that the experimental results, discussion, models and ideas presented herein are useful to foster future research contributing to sustainable ruminant production.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Microbiology ; Rumen ; Biochemistry ; Fermentation ; Metabolism ; Ruminants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book deals with a vital topic: metabolism in the cells of the body and various disorders due to its imbalance and/or diseases that disrupt the metabolism of the body. The objective of this book was to collect and compile up-to-date information from reputed researchers in their respective fields to disseminate the latest information about topics that have profound effects on the metabolic processes in the body including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome, glycogen storage disease, and the urea cycle disorder. In total, there are 12 chapters in this book in which the authors have shared their research findings and real-life experiences in managing their patients.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
    Keywords: Medicine ; Pharmacology ; Biochemistry ; Animal welfare ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 51
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin D is the subject of great controversy in the medical field. Uncertainties surround its use, including how much to give, what forms to use, and so on. This book attempts to clear up the confusion by providing concise and comprehensive information on vitamin D. Chapters cover such topics as the earliest investigations of vitamin D, subsequent studies of extraskeletal consequences of vitamin D deficiency, and clinical application of correction of vitamin D.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 52
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    Karger
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: This book shows how vitamin A deficiency – before the vitamin was known to scientists – affected millions of people throughout history. It is a story of sailors and soldiers, penniless mothers, orphaned infants, and young children left susceptible to blindness and fatal infections. We also glimpse the fortunate ones who, with ample vitamin A-rich food, escaped this elusive stalker. Why were people going blind and dying? To unravel this puzzle, scientists around the world competed over the course of a century. Their persistent efforts led to the identification of vitamin A and its essential role in health. As a primary focus of today’s international public health efforts, vitamin A has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. But, we discover, they could save many more were it not for obstacles erected by political and ideological zealots who lack a historical perspective of the problem.
    Keywords: Medicine & Public Health ; Nutrition ; Ophthalmology ; Biochemistry ; History of Medicine ; Pediatrics ; Public Health ; Social Medicine ; Vitamins ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNH Personal & public health::MBNH3 Dietetics & nutrition
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the role and potential of microorganisms in the degradation and preservation of cultural materials (e.g. stone, metals, graphic documents, textiles, paintings, glass, etc.). Microorganisms are a major cause of deterioration in cultural artefacts, both in the case of outdoor monuments and archaeological finds. This book covers the microorganisms involved in biodeterioration and control methods used to reduce their impact on cultural artefacts. Additionally, the reader will learn more about how microorganisms can be used for the preservation and protection of cultural artefacts through bio-based and eco-friendly materials. New avenues for developing methods and materials for the conservation of cultural artefacts are discussed, together with concrete advances in terms of sustainability, effectiveness and toxicity, making the book essential reading for anyone interested in microbiology and the preservation of cultural heritage.
    Keywords: Microbiology ; Cultural Heritage ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Enzymology ; Applied Microbiology ; Microbial Genetics ; Industrial Microbiology ; Open Access ; Restoration ; Conservation ; Biodeterioration ; Bioweathering ; Bioremediation ; Biocleaning ; Biotechnology ; Green Chemistry ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; Artwork ; Antimicrobial protection ; Biocides ; Microbiology (non-medical) ; Cultural studies ; Social & cultural history ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A food additive is defined as a substance not normally consumed as a food in itself and not normally used as a characteristic ingredient of food whether or not it has nutritive value. Food additives are natural or manufactured substances, which are added to food to restore colors lost during processing. They provide sweetness, prevent deterioration during storage and guard against food poisoning (preservatives). This book provides a review of traditional and non-traditional food preservation approaches and ingredients used as food additives. It also provides detailed knowledge for the evaluation of the agro-industrial wastes based on their great potential for the production of industrially relevant food additives. Furthermore the assessment of potential reproductive and developmental toxicity perspectives of some newly synthesized food additives on market has been covered. Finally, the identification of the areas relevant for future research has been pointed out indicating that there is more and more information needed to explore the possibility of the implementation of some other materials to be used as food additives.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: There is considerable interest in pure and applied studies of extremophilic microorganisms, including those (acidophiles) that are active in low pH environments. As elsewhere in microbiology, this is a fast-developing field, and the proposed special issue of Frontiers highlights many of the more recent advances that have been made in this area. Authors from leading scientific groups located in North and South America, Australasia and Europe have contributed to this e-book, and the topics covered include advances in molecular, biochemical, biogeochemical and industrial aspects of acidophile microbiology.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; extremophiles ; Genomics ; acidophiles ; Biochemistry ; Biodiversity ; biogeochemistry ; Acidithiobacillus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is devoted to food production and the problems associated with the satisfaction of food needs in different parts of the world. The emerging food crisis calls for development of sustainable food production, and the quality and safety of the food produced should be guaranteed. The book contains thirteen chapters and is divided into two sections. The first section is related to social issues rising from food insufficiency in the third world countries, and is titled "Sustainable food production: Case studies". The case studies of semi-arid Africa, Caribbean and Jamaica, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Pacific Islands, Mexico and Brazil are discussed. The second section, titled "Scientific Methods for Improving Food Quality and Safety", covers the methods for control and avoidance of food contaminants. Substitution of chemical treatment with physical, rapid analytical methods for control of contaminants, problems in animal husbandry related to diary production and hormones in food producing animals, approaches and tasks in maize and rice production are in the covered by 6 chapters in this section.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biochemical testing necessitates the determination of different parameters, and the identification of the main biological chemical compounds, by using molecular and biochemical tools. The purpose of this book is to introduce a variety of methods and tools to isolate and identify unknown bacteria through biochemical and molecular differences, based on characteristic gene sequences. Furthermore, molecular tools involving DNA sequencing, and biochemical tools based in enzymatic reactions and proteins reactivity, will serve to identify genetically modified organisms in agriculture, as well as for food preservation and healthcare, and improvement through natural products utilization, vaccination and prophylactic treatments, and drugs testing in medical trials.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Milk proteins have nutritional value and extraordinary biological properties. Research over the last decades has provided new insight into the structure and the function of milk bioactive peptides. Some of these peptides are delivered directly into milk, and some are encrypted in major proteins such as caseins and lactoglobulins. These peptides have antimicrobial functions modulating the gut microflora. Even when milk is undisputedly the first food for mammals, milk proteins sometimes can be a health threat, either because of allergic reaction or because of toxicity. In this regard, in vitro studies showed donkey's casein and major whey proteins to be more digestible than cows' for human consumption. In this book, readers will find updated research on the major milk proteins' structure, bioactive peptides, milk protein allergy, therapeutic strategies, and chemical markers that can be used to detect cow milk intolerance in infants. This book provides the most current scientific information on milk proteins, from structure to biological properties. It will be of great benefit for those interested in milk production, milk chemistry, and human health.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Tannins are one of the polyphenols group found in plants and are mainly studied because of their structural properties and bioactive behavior. Every year new findings concerning their properties and functions are made, and today concerns are mainly focused on how they can be used efficiently in the wood, food, textile, health, and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, the aim of this book is to present the most updated information on the structural properties of tannins, their food sources and variations, biological properties, and health, among other important issues. In addition, the most recent methods used for their isolation, quantifications, and industrial applications will also be covered.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin D is the topic for many discussions in the scientific community. Nowadays, a different interpretation of this secosteroid hormone is needed. Today the term "vitamin" may be considered outdated. This compound may be correctly be called a vitamin only when it is administered to humans or animals that suffer from its deficiency. This book attempts to clarify the role of Vitamin D deficiency in many pathological processes in the whole organism. Chapters in this book cover such issues as the earliest clinical and preclinical investigations of the consequences of Vitamin D deficiency for cognitive, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and renal disorders.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book takes in consideration some dehydrogenases, enzymes with different functions in the cells by using different substrates, such as hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, glutamate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase. They are examined from the following points of view: biochemistry, physiological functions and role in some diseases and in the development of tumours. For these reasons, the book is divided into three sections: 1. Dehydrogenases and cancer 2. Dehydrogenases and some diseases 3. Dehydrogenases and physiological role
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Legumes are important for the diet of a significant part of the world's population; they are a good source of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The "importance of soybean" lies in the overall agriculture and trade and in its contribution to food supply. Soybean contains the highest protein content and has no cholesterol in comparison with conventional legume and animal food sources. Furthermore, soybean is a cheap source of food, and at the same time medicinal due to its genistein, photochemical, isoflavones content. Soybean has been found to be extremely helpful in the fight against heart disease, cancer and diabetes, among others. Soybean protein and calories are presently being used to prevent body wasting often associated with HIV. The importance of soybean nutrition intervention is amplified where medications are unavailable. Its economic potential inherent in a wide range of industrial uses can be harnessed to the benefit of smallholder soybean producers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Since the dawn of recorded history, and probably even before, men and women have been grasping at the mechanisms by which they themselves exist. Only relatively recently, did this grasp yield anything of substance, and only within the last several decades did the proteins play a pivotal role in this existence. In this expose on the topic of protein structure some of the current issues in this scientific field are discussed. The aim is that a non-expert can gain some appreciation for the intricacies involved, and in the current state of affairs. The expert meanwhile, we hope, can gain a deeper understanding of the topic.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book explores the role of nucleic acid analysis and the advances it has led to in the field of life sciences. The first section is a collection of chapters covering experimental methods used in molecular biology, the techniques adjacent to these methods, and the steps of analysis before and after obtaining raw DNA data. The second section deals with the principles of chromatography, method development, sample preparation, and industrial applications.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book, written by experts, aims to provide a detailed overview of recent advances in oenology. Book chapters include the latest progress in the chemistry and biochemistry of winemaking, stabilisation, and ageing, covering the impact of phenolic compounds and their transformation products on wine sensory characteristics, emerging non-thermal technologies, fermentation with non-Saccharomyces yeasts, pathways involved in aroma compound synthesis, the effect of wood chips use on wine quality, the chemical changes occurring during Port wine ageing, sensory mechanisms of astringency, physicochemical wine instabilities and defects, and the role of cork stoppers in wine bottle ageing. It is highly recommended to academic researchers, practitioners in wine industries, as well as graduate and PhD students in oenology and food science.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is mainly for researchers interested in the new developments and applications of metabolomics. It is also important for physicians using metabolomic approaches in the diagnosis of diseases or treatment, and for postgraduate students starting their research projects on metabolomics. The book is divided into two sections as indicated from its title, namely: new insights into biology and new insights into medicine. It gives examples of the different applications of metabolomics from the production of biosurfactants by marine microorganisms to the applications of data from fecal metabolomics, serum metabolomics, and metabolomics of microbiota, as well as the use of Chinese medicines for cancer treatment. Overall, this is a well-written book, containing some very interesting research avenues and cutting-edge approaches. Finally, the editing of this book was of special interest to me and I hope that readers will also find it stimulating.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Worldwide, soybean seed proteins represent a major source of amino acids for human and animal nutrition. Soybean seeds are an important and economical source of protein in the diet of many developed and developing countries. Soy is a complete protein and soyfoods are rich in vitamins and minerals.Soybean protein provides all the essential amino acids in the amounts needed for human health. Recent research suggests that soy may also lower risk of prostate, colon and breast cancers as well as osteoporosis and other bone health problems and alleviate hot flashes associated with menopause. This volume is expected to be useful for student, researchers and public who are interested in soybean.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proteomics refers to the entire complement of proteins, including modification. This promising discipline has enabled us to study proteins from a massive and comprehensive point of view. The book Recent Advances in Proteomics Research describes in five sections some of the applications of proteomics. This fine research has been written by leading experts worldwide. This book is aimed mainly at those interested in proteins and in the field of proteins, particularly biochemists, biologists, pharmacists, advanced graduate students and postgraduate researchers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents the wisdom, knowledge and expertise of the food industry that ensures the supply of food to maintain the health, comfort, and wellbeing of humankind. The global food industry has the largest market: the world population of seven billion people. The book pioneers life-saving innovations and assists in the fight against world hunger and food shortages that threaten human essentials such as water and energy supply. Floods, droughts, fires, storms, climate change, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions can be devastating, altering the environment and, ultimately, the production of foods. Experts from industry and academia, as well as food producers, designers of food processing equipment, and corrosion practitioners have written special chapters for this rich compendium based on their encyclopedic knowledge and practical experience. This is a multi-authored book. The writers, who come from diverse areas of food science and technology, enrich this volume by presenting different approaches and orientations.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a Golden Era during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships. Under the National Socialists it experienced a purge of its scientific staff and a diversion of its research into the service of the new regime, accompanied by a breakdown in its international relations. In the immediate aftermath of World War II it suffered crippling material losses, from which it recovered slowly in the post-war era. In 1953, shortly after taking the name of its founding director, the institute joined the fledgling Max Planck Society. During the 1950s and 60s, the institute supported diverse researches into the structure ofmatter and electron microscopy in a territorially insular and politically precarious West-Berlin. In subsequent decades, as both Berlin and the Max Planck Society underwent significant changes, the institute reorganized around a board of coequal scientific directors and a renewed focus on the investigation of elementary processes on surfaces
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Physical Chemistry ; History of Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: ‘Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication’- Leonardo Da Vinci The methylation that occurs simply by attaching one or more methyl molecules to a DNA molecule continues to confuse the scientific world by creating highly complex molecular arrangements. Research on methylation mechanisms have discovered that this simple biochemical event (which adapts to the changing micro/macro environment of the organism, to diseases and even cancerous processes) has shown that it is actually not as simple as it seems. In the last 50 years, our efforts to understand these mechanisms and use them to benefit human beings have continued. With this book called “DNA methylation mechanism”, in which we try to explain the effects on every stage of life, we hope that we have been able to create a resource book for everyone interested in this field, from students who are interested, to amateurs and professionals.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market. Release of radionuclides after NREs can cause substantial contamination in the animal production systems. Critical responsibility of veterinary authorities is therefore to prevent such contamination, establish early response mechanisms to mitigate the consequences and prevent placement of contaminated products of animal origin on the market for human consumption. This work summarizes the critical technical points for effective management of NREs for national veterinary services.
    Keywords: Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science ; Public Health ; Emergency Services ; Animal Ecology ; Nutrition ; Veterinary Science ; Ecology ; Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies ; Radiological Contamination ; Animal Production Systems ; Disaster Management ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Public health & preventive medicine ; Accident & emergency medicine ; Zoology & animal sciences ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKP Accident and emergency medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chromatography is a powerful separation tool that is used in all branches of science, and is often the only means of separating components from complex mixtures. The Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett coined the term chromatography in 1906. The first analytical use of chromatography was described by James and Martin in 1952, for the use of gas chromatography for the analysis of fatty acid mixtures. A wide range of chromatographic procedures makes use of differences in size, binding affinities, charge, and other properties. Many types of chromatography have been developed. These include Column chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Gas chromatography, Size exclusion chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography etc. In this book contains more details about the applications of chromatography by various research findings. Each and every topics of this book have included lists of references at the end to provide students and researchers with starting points for independent chromatography explorations. I welcome comments, criticisms, and suggestions from students, faculty and researchers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A broad range of topics are covered by providing a solid foundation in protein engineering and supplies readers with knowledge essential to the design and production of proteins. This volume presents in-depth discussions of various methods for protein engineering featuring contributions from leading experts from different counties. A broad series of articles covering significant aspects of methods and applications in the design of novel proteins with different functions are presented. These include the use of non-natural amino acids, bioinformatics, molecular evolution, protein folding and structure-functional insight to develop useful proteins with enhanced properties.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Flavonoids with over 6000 natural colorful compounds are a unique class of phytonutrients found in almost all vegetables, fruits, and herbs. This book discusses the nature and role of these compounds by studying the molecular mechanism of flavonoids using spectroscopy and computational tools. The book also addresses the characteristics of natural vs. synthetic colors from both chemical and biological points of view. More importantly, a lengthy chapter explains in full detail the usefulness of these natural coloring properties to provide a safe, efficient, and economic therapy and/or prophylaxis of many health problems, e.g. obesity and cardiovascular disorders. This book poses a balance between developments in scientific research and the idea that researchers must be able to absorb and link scientific advances with clinical practice so that the management of diseases can be based on sound physiological concepts.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chemical biology utilizes chemical principles to modulate systems to either investigate the underlying biology or create new function. Over recent years, chemical biology has received particular attention of many scientists in the life sciences from botany to medicine. This book contains an overview focusing on the research area of protein purification, enzymology, vitamins, antioxidants, biotransformation, gene delivery, signaling, regulation and organization. Particular emphasis is devoted to both theoretical and experimental aspects. The textbook is written by international scientists with expertise in synthetic chemistry, protein biochemistry, enzymology, molecular biology, drug discovery and genetics many of which are active chemical, biochemical and biomedical research. The textbook is expected to enhance the knowledge of scientists in the complexities of chemical and biological approaches and stimulate both professionals and students to dedicate part of their future research in understanding relevant mechanisms and applications of chemical biology.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: It is a natural phenomenon for all living organisms in the world to undergo different kinds of stress during their life span. Stress has become a common problem for human beings in this materialistic world. In this period, a publication of any material on stress will be helpful for the human society. The book Basic Principles and Clinical Significance of Oxidative Stress targets all aspects of oxidative stress, including principles, mechanisms, and clinical significance. This book covers four sections: Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress, Natural Compounds as Antioxidants, Antioxidants - Health and Disease, and Oxidative Stress and Therapy. Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals, and students who are interested in exploring the effect of stress on human life.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Given the centrality of protein to many biological process, this book makes a significant contribution to the fields of healthcare and nutrition. Its chapters consider topics such as protein-protein and protein-ligand docking, and the protein engineering of enzymes involved in bioplastic metabolism. One contribution gives an overview of the In Vitro Virus (IVV) analytic method, while another shows how cutting-edge techniques in protein engineering advance our knowledge in the field of palaeontology. The book also includes a review of classic and alternative strategies when using yeasts in research, with a focus on Pichia pastoris as a host. Finally, there are two contributions on chromatography: one on the method itself, and another on its use to identify HMGB1-binding components.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Lipids are one of the most important biomolecules and, given their relationship with several non-communicable diseases at large, this makes them significant to be studied both biochemically and clinically. As the title of the book suggests, apolipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol are focused herein with fresh perspectives and novel insights, while certain overlooked areas are given their due attention. Although these three terms are very broad, the book aims at primarily serving as an update to existing knowledge. It is hoped that the readers will benefit from this book in advancing their understanding about the biochemical pathways, clinical applications, and remedial action in terms of ensuring health and wellbeing, as well as in identifying gaps that would help set the directions of scientific investigations in the future.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cellular life depends upon energy storage, transformation, utilization, and exchange in order to optimally function and to stay-off death. The over 200-year-old study of how cells transform biological fuels into usable energy, a process broadly known as bioenergetics, has produced celebrated traditions in explaining origins of life, metabolism, ecological adaptation, homeostasis, biosynthesis, aging, disease, and numerous other life processes. InTech's edited volume, Bioenergetics, brings together some of these traditions for readers through a collection of chapters written by international authorities. Novice and expert will find this book bridges scientific revolutions in organismic biology, membrane physiology, and molecular biology to advance the discipline of bioenergetics toward solving contemporary and future problems in metabolic diseases, life transitions and longevity, and performance optimization.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Today's society is increasingly aware of the importance of food and health. For this reason, consumers increasingly demand more products that help prevent disease. In this sense, science and technology are helping to find new bioactive compounds that, when properly administered, can provide beneficial health effects. Among these compounds are nutraceuticals, concentrated natural bioactive substances available in pills, capsules, and powders among other forms. This book comprehensively reviews and compiles information on molecules that can help prevent and treat prevalent diseases.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Whey - Biological Properties and Alternative Uses proposes to rethink our use of agro-industrial by-products. Especially, those from cheese production, which although contain 50% of the nutrients of the original milk, are treated as waste. In this book, the authors offer alternative processes beyond the traditional ones, such as the production of vodka beverages from fermented whey, lactose-free isotonic beverages and glycomacropeptides in the food industry. Also, it discusses alternative uses of buttermilk: the production of biofilms, beverages, and microbiology additives. As always, the emphasis is on reducing environmental impact during food production and finding new strategies to reduce the waste of raw materials with nutritional value. This book is an excellent opportunity for graduate students and researchers from other areas to become aware of the problems faced when considering agro-industrial by-products with nutritional value as waste.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The use of computers and software tools in biochemistry (biology) has led to a deep revolution in basic sciences and medicine. Bioinformatics and systems biology are the direct results of this revolution. With the involvement of computers, software tools, and internet services in scientific disciplines comprising biology and chemistry, new terms, technologies, and methodologies appeared and established. Bioinformatic software tools, versatile databases, and easy internet access resulted in the occurrence of computational biology and chemistry. Today, we have new types of surveys and laboratories including “in silico studies” and “dry labs” in which bioinformaticians conduct their investigations to gain invaluable outcomes. These features have led to 3-dimensioned illustrations of different molecules and complexes to get a better understanding of nature.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) has been a species of global concern for decades. As an attempt to study health status of nesting green turtles, Blood biochemistry and hematological values were obtained from 18 clinically normal, nesting female green sea turtles on the northern coast of the sea of Oman. Mean curved carapace length (CCL) was 111±4 cm with a range of 103—122 cm. Barnacles were recorded on three turtles. No fibropapillomas were observed on any of the 18 turtle. The mean PCV was 0.41 (proportion of 1) with a range of 0.30–0.58. No basophils or hemoparasites were detected in any of the 18 turtles tested. All biochemistry and hematological values of green sea turtles were within published reference ranges of healthy sea turtle population. No statistically significant differences were noted between the two anticoagulants for Plasma biochemistry values. Plasma alpha–tocopherol concentrations in the 18 turtles tested was 7.8±2.8 g ml-1 with a range of 0.5-11.8 g ml-1. Plasma retinol was evaluated in 18 turtles and the concentration was 0.4 ±0.1 g ml-1 with a range of 0.2-0.6 g ml-1. The present study provides baseline data of the green sea turtle characterized by biological and non-biological factors, which may provide the basis for future studies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chelonia mydas ; Turtle ; Blood ; Hematology ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.891-902
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Based on the data collected during scientific expeditions of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky” in January, April, October 2016 and July 2017, spatial and temporal changes in distribution of microplankton ATP and chlorophyll α as indicators of metabolically active biomass and its photoautotrophic part, respectively, were analyzed. The heterotrophic-photoautotrophic index (HPI) was calculated from ratios of these biochemical parameters and used to assess the stages of production and destruction succession of microplankton community over these seasons. In the investigated area, the sites, which most often demonstrate sharp differences in biochemical parameters of microplankton from the general background, can be considered anomalous and subjected to anthropogenic impact, mainly associated with household and industrial effluents. In general, upon comparison of the distribution of the metabolically active biomass and its production part in the specified seasons the similarity in the values manifested itself in the shallow coastal waters of Crimea: low values for the waters near the western part of the peninsula were assessed to be oligo-mesotrophic; increased values for the waters adjacent to the Kerch Strait in the east were found to be meso-eutrophic. Based on the HPI values, the situation, most promising in terms of development of microplankton biomass and increase in water productivity was observed in the investigated area in autumn. Quite possibly, it is one of the key factors affecting seasonal migration of some fish species from the Azov Sea to the Black Sea in the autumn-winter season.
    Description: На основе данных, полученных в научных экспедиционных рейсах НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» в январе, апреле, октябре 2016 г. и в июле 2017 г., проанализированы пространственно-временные изменения распределения АТФ и хлорофилла α микропланктона как показатели общей метаболически активной биомассы сообщества и фотоавтотрофной его части, соответственно. Из соотношений концентраций этих биохимических показателей рассчитан гетеротрофно-фотоавтотрофный индекс (HPI), который использован для оценки стадий продукционно-деструкционной сукцессии сообщества в указанные сезоны. Участки исследованных акваторий, на которых наиболее часто отражаются резкие отличия биохимических показателей микропланктона от общего фона, можно принять во внимание как аномальные, подверженные антропогенному воздействию, главным образом связанные с бытовыми и промышленными стоками. В целом в порядке сравнения распределения метаболически активной биомассы и продукционной его части в указанные сезоны сходство величин проявилось в прибрежном мелководье Крыма: низкие — с оценкой олиго-мезотрофные — у западной части полуострова, повышенные — с оценкой мезо-эвтрофные — у восточной, в водах, прилегающих к Керченскому проливу. Судя по величинам НРI, в исследованных водах наиболее перспективная ситуация к развитию биомассы микропланктона и повышению продуктивности вод была отмечена в осенний сезон. Вероятно, это является одним из ключевых факторов сезонной миграции некоторых видов рыб из Азовского моря в Черное в осенне-зимний сезон.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a ; Microplankton ; Seasonal variations ; Heterotrophic-photoautotrophic index ; Seasonal migrations ; Anthropogenic effects ; Biochemistry ; Meso-eutrophic waters ; Хлорофилл а ; Микропланктон ; Сезонные миграции ; Сезонная изменчивость ; АТФ ; Биохимия
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.80-88
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mussels Mytilus edulis L. living on the littoral are traditional objects for monitoring the state of coastal ecosystems. In the process of ecological and biochemical studies of some littoral settlements of these mussels in the Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, some modifications have been identified in the structure of local populations, and biochemical markers have also been searched at the level of lipid composition reflecting the chronic action of environmental factors. Investigations of the size and age structure of some intertidal settlements of the Mytilus edulis L. have shown inter-annual dynamics reflecting the natural processes associated with the regime of replenishment by juveniles and the elimination of generations. The revealed significant differences in the density and biomass of Mytilus edulis L. settlements probably reflect the influence of anthropogenic load on their livelihoods (first of all, prolonged discharge of fresh water from the hydroelectric station system). The composition of lipids and fatty acids in the gills of littoral mussels has been determined using thin-layer, gas-liquid and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Evaluation of the lipid status of mussel gills inhabiting biotopes with different hydrodynamic regimes and anthropogenic load (the pollution level, fresh water discharge) has shown inter-annual dynamics in the content of lipids and their fatty acids. At the same time, there are significant differences in the content of membrane and storage lipids in the mussel gills exposed to fresh water on the littoral zone of Biotope 1. Prolonged ecological and biochemical monitoring studies of coastal mussel settlements reveal the characteristic features of their size and age structure, density and biomass, as well as the lipid status of the gills of mollusks formed under conditions of long-term environmental factors
    Description: Мидии Mytilus edulis L., обитающие на литорали, являются традиционным объектом мониторинга состояния прибрежных экосистем. В процессе эколого-биохимических исследований некоторых литоральных поселений мидий в Кандалакшском природном заповеднике выявлялись модификации в структуре локальных популяций, а также осуществлялся поиск биохимических маркеров на уровне состава липидов, отражающих хроническое действие факторов окружающей среды. Анализ размерно-возрастной структуры прибрежных поселений Mytilus edulis L. показал межгодовую динамику протекания естественных процессов, связанных с режимом пополнения молодью и гибелью моллюсков. Выявленные значительные различия показателей плотности и биомассы поселений Mytilus edulis L. обусловлены, вероятно, влиянием на их жизнедеятельность антропогенной нагрузки (прежде всего продолжительных сбросов пресной воды из системы гидроэлектростанции). Состав липидов и жирных кислот в жабрах литоральных мидий определен с помощью методов тонкослойной, газожидкостной и высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Оценка липидного статуса жабр мидий, обитающих на биотопах с различным гидродинамическим режимом и антропогенной нагрузкой (уровнем загрязнения, сбросом пресной воды), показала межгодовую динамику в содержании липидов и жирных кислот; при этом отмечены значительные различия в содержании мембранных и запасных липидов в жабрах мидий, подверженных действию пресной воды на литорали биотопа 1. Продолжительные эколого-биохимические мониторинговые исследования прибрежных поселений мидий позволяют выявить характерные особенности их размерно-возрастной структуры, плотности и биомассы, а также липидного статуса жабр моллюсков, сформированные в условиях длительного действия факторов окружающей среды.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Intertidal zone ; Bivalves ; Density ; Biomass ; Lipids ; Fatty acids ; Литораль ; Двустворчатые моллюски ; Плотность ; Биомасса ; Жирные кислоты ; Mytilus edulis ; Gills ; Biochemistry ; Chromatography ; Жабры ; Хроматография ; Биохимия
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.213-224
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  • 87
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    Unknown
    Azov Sea Research Fisheries Institute (AzNIIRKH) | Rostov-on-Don, Russia
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 3D coupled physical biochemical model of the ecosystem in the semi-enclosed water body of marine coastal zone is presented. The model allows numerical estimation of matter and energy flows through the ecosystem. It takes into account hydrodynamics of the area and oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur fields formed under its influence. Biological components of the model: phytoplankton and phytobenthos. Test calculations showed the operability of the model.
    Description: Представлена трехмерная имитационная физико-биохимическая модель экосистемы в полузамкнутом водоеме прибрежной зоны моря, позволяющая численно описать потоки вещества и энергии в системе. Модель учитывает гидродинамику района и формирующиеся под ее влиянием поля кислорода, соединений азота, фосфора и серы. Биологические компоненты модели: фитопланктон и фитобентос. Выполненные тестовые расчеты показали работоспособность модели.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Mathematical modelling ; Coastal waters ; Phytoplankton ; Phytobenthos ; Hydrodynamics ; Биохимия ; Математическое моделирование ; Прибрежная зона ; Гидродинамика ; Фитопланктон ; Фитобентос
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non Refereed
    Format: pp.357-361
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The oxidation of fat in fish diets due to oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. The effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on the growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeons (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. Three different diets were implemented to three different groups: a control group, Group OFO50 (50% oil fish oxidized) and Group OFO100 (100% oil fish oxidized). 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, , were randomly divided into 9 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 700 liters after a 2 week adaptation period. Feeding was performed three times a day (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the specimens’ appetite during the period of the study. After 6 weeks, sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. In both oxidized oil-fed groups, adverse impact on growth was seen. Also, a significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the OFO100 groups. The results showed that feeding hybrid sturgeons with diets containing oxidized fish oil, cause a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, it was undesirable and relevant to an increase in visceral fat.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oxidized lipid ; Hybrid sturgeon ; Growth ; Fat metabolism ; Blood ; Biochemistry ; Fish oil ; Diet ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.78-88
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was applied to species identification of bester hybrids. Hybrids identification was performed by comparison of electrophoresis profiles with parental species. The simultaneous occurrence of diagnostic bands fixed in the parental species, genetic distance and identification and cluster analyses (UPGMA) allow a correct identification. We used 8 primer combinations (Eco+3, Mse+4) and a total of 250 bands (size range 40-1000 bp) were generated. Primer combinations of (E-AAT, M-CGAT) and (E-AAG, M-CGAT) produced diagnostic bands in hybrids and parental species. Moreover, the results of genetic identification showed that Bester hybrids are more similar to beluga (Huso huso) (0.68) in comparison with sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) (0.45).The results suggested that this technique could be suitable for precise identification of species and inter-generic hybrids like bester.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Acipenser ruthenus ; AFLP ; Hybrid identification ; Bester ; Beluga ; Biochemistry ; Identification
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.415-423
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of natural products like propolis on biochemical and hematologic parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) exposed to arsenic. In this study fish were exposed to 0.01 mg/L arsenic and 10 mg/L propolis for seven days. Our results indicated that triglyceride, urea, total cholesterol, cobalt, ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values increased when exposed to arsenic (P〈0.05) but reduced by combination of arsenic and propolis (P〈0.05). Granulocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit values were decreased by use of arsenic in comparison to control group. These parameters increased in arsenic+propolis group (P〈0.05). In addition levels of leucocyte, agranulocyte, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) increased in the arsenic group (P〈0.05) and decreased in arsenic+propolis group (P〈0.05). We can say that propolis can improve biochemical and hematologic functions of common carp blood, after being exposed to arsenic.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Alanine amino transferase ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Antioxidant ; Arsenic ; Blood parameter ; Cyprinus carpio ; Hematological parameter ; Propolis ; Blood ; Enzymes ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.405-414
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Hematological and biochemical changes were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50g in the presence of b,1-3, D-glucan as a single intraperitoneal injection (0.3mg/kg body weight) once, and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentration of 1.5 mg/L as a continuous bath for 63 days at 22±1ºC. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon, generally showed significant higher values of RBC (P〈0.05) compare to fish treated with glucan plus diazinon bath, while there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of HCT, Hb, MCH and MCHC between the two groups. Also, fish treated with glucan, but without diazinon bath, showed significant higher values of RBC than that untreated fish up to 3 weeks post-treatment (P〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in other erythrocytic indices between these two groups (P〉0.05). Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed higher levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than other three groups for 14-28 days post-treatment and then they decreased to the lower level for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed insignificant higher levels of these enzymes up to 21 days post-exposure compare to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〉0.05). However, such levels reduced to a lower level in this group for the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Also, fish treated with glucan-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish treated with glucan but without diazinon bath (P〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Huso huso ; Diazinon ; Glucan ; Hematology ; Biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.53-66
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cryopreservation of seabass (Lates calcarifer) semen is an approach to increase the quantity and quality of seabass fry in aquaculture. However, cold shock can induce sperm injury leading to structural damage of the plasma membrane and loss of motility. Thus, the effect of cryopreservation on fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of seabass sperm was determined. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the proportion of C16:0 was significantly increased (p=0.05), while the proportion of C23:0, C22:6 n3, C22:5 n6, and C18:1n9t decreased significantly after freeze-thawing compared with that in fresh semen (p≤0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids significantly increased (p〈0.05) but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (p=0.05) in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Consequently, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid was greatly decreased in frozen sperm (p〈0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in frozen-thawed sperm increased significantly while activity of catalase did not differ at p〉0.05. Malondialdehyde levels increased after cryopreservation compared to fresh semen (p=0.05). These results indicated that an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in cryopreserved spermatozoa did not efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids and finally irreversible loss of sperm motility.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Lates calcarifer ; Sperm ; Cryopreservation ; Fatty acid composition ; Antioxidant enzymes ; Enzymes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.157-169
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of dietary supplementation of red macroalgae Gracilaria pygmea on the growth performance, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer with initial fish weight of 28±5.9 g were investigated in a 6-week experiment. The experimental diets were composed of the positive control diet (containing fishmeal), the negative control diet (containing fishmeal-soy protein) and three diets which supplemented with varying leves of red algae (3, 6 and 9%). Results indicated that daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio and final weight of fish not only were not negatively affected by different substitution levels of red algae, but also the final weight of fish fed the diet containing 6% red algae was higher than the other experimental diets. Condition factor of the negative control group and the specific growth rate of the treatment containing 6% red algae were significantly higher than those of the other experimental diets (P〈0.05). Results of hemoglobin, hematocrit, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and WBC differential count were not significantly different among various treatments (P〉0.05). Among the examined serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass, only glucose was not significantly affected by various dietary treatments (P〉0.05). The cholesterol levels of the negative control group and fish fed the diet containing 9% red algae were similar with each other and were significantly higher than the other treatments (P〈0.05). The lowest level of albumin was observed in the treatment containing 6% red algae, whearese the lowest amounts of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were observed in the treatment containing 3% red algae. Overall, it seems that partial substitution of expensive fishmeal by red algae Gracilaria pygmaea in the diet of carnivorous Asian Seabass exerted no negative effects on the growth and immunity parameters. Moreover, some growth parameters, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of blood were improved by the diet containing 6% red algae.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria pygmaea ; Lates calcarifer ; Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer ; Gracilaria algae ; Diet ; Specific growth rate ; Innate immunity ; Substitution ; Growth performance ; Algae ; Biochemistry ; Serum ; Hematology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.77-89
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effectiveness of pituitary extract from Cruc ian carp (Carassius auratus Linnaes 1758) in inducing ovulation in Veil T ail Gold Fish (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch 1783), was examined and th e effect of maternal hormone treatment on egg quality in two types of fertilizat ion (fertilization in aquarium and artificial fertilization), were evaluated in 22 degree C temperature. Fish were injected intrapritoneally with three doses of, 2, 3 and 4mg/kg B.W pituitary extract (PE). With increasing of pituitary dose, pract ical fecundity also increased from 1775 in control fish to 3201 in fish with 4mg /kg B.W of PE. Mean time to ovulation was reduced significantly (P〈0.05) from 13 2h in control fish to 13h in fish with 4mg/kg B.W. Ovulated eggs from fish injec ted with 4mg/kg B.W of PE had lower fertility and hatching rates compared to egg s from fish injected with lower doses and the control fish. The methods of ferti lization had no significant effect on the egg quality. In conclusion, the result s of this study showed that the pituitary extract of Crucian carp is effective i n inducing and shortening of ovulation of Veil Tail Gold Fish and the suggested dose for this species is 3mg/kg B.W.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Carassius auratus ; Goldfish ; Ovulation ; Pituitary gland ; Biological fertilization ; Hatching ; Hormones ; Eggs ; Freshwater ; Physiology ; Biochemistry ; Biophysics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.167-172
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Kulikova Nonna Iosifovna (09.06.1938 – 02.02.2018) was Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the YugNIRO Laboratory of Fish Physiology (from 1972 to 1992), leading scientist of the same laboratory, talented scholar, manager, physiologist and biochemist. N.I. Kulikova made a huge contribution into the scientific research, aimed at development of biological grounds and biotechnology of artificial reproduction for marine fish, primarily mullets and flounders, which are valuable commercial species of the Azov and Black Sea Basin. For many years, N.I. Kulikova was a coordinator and executive in charge of government programs, funded from the state budget; they involved the development of scientific bases for marine fish culture and for reproduction of mullets and flounders, as well as methods of controlling the growth, maturation and spawning of broodstocks, and theoretical background for control over life cycles of valuable marine species. She worked on creation of hatcheries and rearing farms for stocking of natural water bodies and for commercial culture. Alongside with her colleagues, she was able to solve a range of problems, concerning the development of mullet cultivation. As the result of her long-term research, the practices of hormonal stimulation of breeders, belonging to the Black Sea mullet species and to the so-iuy mullet, introduced from Far East, were developed, as well as methods for controlling early ontogenesis. She studied feeding ecology and feeding requirements of larvae and early juveniles, and worked out some stages of biological technology for reproduction of three mullet species. Nonna Iosifovna is the author of numerous scientific papers, including the monography “Mariculture of fish and its development prospects in the Black Sea Basin”, guidelines, patents, scientific substantiations for creating hatcheries for marine fishes.
    Description: Куликова Нонна Иосифовна (09.06.1938 – 02.02.2018 гг.) — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией физиологии рыб ЮгНИРО с 1972 по 1992 г., ведущий научный сотрудник этой же лаборатории, талантливый исследователь, организатор, физиолог и биохимик. Н.И. Куликова внесла огромный вклад в научные исследования по разработке биологических основ и биотехники искусственного воспроизводства морских рыб, прежде всего, кефалевых и камбаловых — ценных объектов промысла в Азово-Черноморском бассейне. В течение многих лет Н.И. Куликова являлась руководителем и ответственным исполнителем бюджетных государственных тем: по разработке научных основ культивирования морских рыб, методов управления ростом, созреванием и нерестом маточных стад рыб, по воспроизводству кефалевых и камбаловых, теоретическим основам управления жизненными циклами ценных морских видов, а также созданию систем питомников и нагульных хозяйств для зарыбления естественных водоемов и товарного выращивания этих гидробионтов. Совместно со своими коллегами ей удалось решить ряд важнейших задач по развитию кефалеводства. В результате многолетних исследований были разработаны схемы гормонального стимулирования производителей черноморских кефалей и дальневосточного вселенца — пиленгаса, методы управления ранним онтогенезом, изучены экология питания и пищевые потребности личинок и ранней молоди, отработаны отдельные этапы биотехники воспроизводства трех видов кефалей. Она является автором многочисленных научных публикаций, в т. ч. монографии «Марикультура рыб и перспективы ее развития в Черноморском бассейне», инструкций, патентов, обоснований, а также создания рыбопитомников для морских рыб.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Researchers ; Fish culture ; Mullets ; Patents ; Fish physiology ; Biochemistry ; Long-term records ; Artificial reproduction ; Hormone stimulation ; Introduced species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.106-114
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2018-12-14
    Description: Primordial sequence signatures in modern proteins imply ancestral origins tracing back to simple peptides. Although short peptides seldom adopt unique folds, metal ions might have templated their assembly into higher-order structures in early evolution and imparted useful chemical reactivity. Recapitulating such a biogenetic scenario, we have combined design and laboratory evolution to transform a zinc-binding peptide into a globular enzyme capable of accelerating ester cleavage with exacting enantiospecificity and high catalytic efficiency ( k cat / K M ~ 10 6 M –1 s –1 ). The simultaneous optimization of structure and function in a naïve peptide scaffold not only illustrates a plausible enzyme evolutionary pathway from the distant past to the present but also proffers exciting future opportunities for enzyme design and engineering.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Cryo–electron microscopy, or simply cryo-EM, refers mainly to three very different yet closely related techniques: electron crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM, and electron cryotomography. In the past few years, single-particle cryo-EM in particular has triggered a revolution in structural biology and has become a newly dominant discipline. This Review examines the fascinating story of its start and evolution over the past 40-plus years, delves into how and why the recent technological advances have been so groundbreaking, and briefly considers where the technique may be headed in the future.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Riback et al . (Reports, 13 October 2017, p. 238) used small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments to infer a degree of compaction for unfolded proteins in water versus chemical denaturant that is highly consistent with the results from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. There is thus no "contradiction" between the two methods, nor evidence to support their claim that commonly used FRET fluorophores cause protein compaction.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2018-08-31
    Description: Best et al . claim that we provide no convincing basis to assert that a discrepancy remains between FRET and SAXS results on the dimensions of disordered proteins under physiological conditions. We maintain that a clear discrepancy is apparent in our and other recent publications, including results shown in the Best et al . comment. A plausible origin is fluorophore interactions in FRET experiments.
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Keywords: Biochemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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