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  • Springer Nature  (1.070.395)
  • Wiley  (1.037.734)
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  • 1
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    Dynamic species distribution models of Antarctic blue whales in the Weddell Sea using visual sighting and passive acoustic monitoring data (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, 30(1), pp. 87-105, ISSN: 1366-9516
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-12
    Beschreibung: Aim: Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools in ecology and conservation. However, the scarcity of visual sightings of marine mammals in remote polar areas hinders the effective application of SDMs there. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data provide year-round information and overcome foul weather limitations faced by visual surveys. However, the use of PAM data in SDMs has been sparse so far. Here, we use PAM-based SDMs to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale in the Weddell Sea. Location: The Weddell Sea. Methods: We used presence-only dynamic SDMs employing visual sightings and PAM detections in independent models. We compared the two independent models with a third combined model that integrated both visual and PAM data, aiming at leveraging the advantages of each data type: the extensive spatial extent of visual data and the broader temporal/environmental range of PAM data. Results: Visual and PAM data prove complementary, as indicated by a low spatial overlap between daily predictions and the low predictability of each model at detections of other data types. Combined data models reproduced suitable habitats as given by both independent models. Visual data models indicate areas close to the sea ice edge (SIE) and with low-to-moderate sea ice concentrations (SIC) as suitable, while PAM data models identified suitable habitats at a broader range of distances to SIE and relatively higher SIC. Main Conclusions: The results demonstrate the potential of PAM data to predict year-round marine mammal habitat suitability at large spatial scales. We provide reasons for discrepancies between SDMs based on either data type and give methodological recommendations on using PAM data in SDMs. Combining visual and PAM data in future SDMs is promising for studying vocalized animals, particularly when using recent advances in integrated distribution modelling methods.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
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  • 2
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    Sustainability: We need to focus on overall system outcomes rather than simplistic targets (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3People and Nature, Wiley, ISSN: 2575-8314
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-12
    Beschreibung: Many of the global challenges that confront humanity are interlinked in a dynamic complex network, with multiple feedback loops, nonlinear interactions and interdependencies that make it difficult, if not impossible, to consider individual threats in isolation. These challenges are mainly dealt with, however, by considering individual threats in isolation (at least in political terms). The mitigation of dual climate and biodiversity threats, for example, is linked to a univariate 1.5°C global warming boundary and a global area conservation target of 30% by 2030. The situation has been somewhat improved by efforts to account for interactions through multidimensional target setting, adaptive and open management and market-based decision pathways. But the fundamental problem still remains—that complex systems such as those formed by the network of global threats have emergent properties that are more than the sum of their parts. We must learn how to deal with or live with these properties if we are to find effective ways to cope with the threats, individually and collectively. Here, we argue that recent progresses in complex systems research and related fields have enhanced our ability to analyse and model such entwined systems to the extent that it offers the promise of a new approach to sustainability. We discuss how this may be achieved, both in theory and in practice, and how human cultural factors play an important but neglected role that could prove vital to achieving success. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26, pp. e16568-e16568, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-19
    Beschreibung: The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015–2019; 5–100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Generation of macro- and microplastic databases by high-throughput FTIR analysis with microplate readers (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Nature, 416(6), pp. 1311-1320, ISSN: 1618-2642
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-04
    Beschreibung: FTIR spectral identification is today’s gold standard analytical procedure for plastic pollution material characterization. High-throughput FTIR techniques have been advanced for small microplastics (10–500 µm) but less so for large microplastics (500–5 mm) and macroplastics (〉 5 mm). These larger plastics are typically analyzed using ATR, which is highly manual and can sometimes destroy particles of interest. Furthermore, spectral libraries are often inadequate due to the limited variety of reference materials and spectral collection modes, resulting from expensive spectral data collection. We advance a new high-throughput technique to remedy these problems using FTIR microplate readers for measuring large particles (〉 500 µm). We created a new reference database of over 6000 spectra for transmission, ATR, and reflection spectral collection modes with over 600 plastic, organic, and mineral reference materials relevant to plastic pollution research. We also streamline future analysis in microplate readers by creating a new particle holder for transmission measurements using off-the-shelf parts and fabricating a nonplastic 96-well microplate for storing particles. We determined that particles should be presented to microplate readers as thin as possible due to thick particles causing poor-quality spectra and identifications. We validated the new database using Open Specy and demonstrated that additional transmission and reflection spectra reference data were needed in spectral libraries.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    A temperature‐controlled, circular maintenance system for studying growth and development of pelagic tunicates (salps) (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography Methods, Wiley, ISSN: 1541-5856
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Beschreibung: Salps have attracted attention as zooplankton organisms that may be able to expand their habitat range and increase their ecological importance in the face of ongoing global warming. Due to their gelatinous nature, unique feeding strategy, and reproductive ecology such changes could have profound impacts on regional marine ecosystems. While their role in the regional carbon cycle is receiving attention, our knowledge of their physiology and life cycle is still limited. This knowledge gap is mainly due to their fragile gelatinous nature, which makes it difficult to capture and maintain intact specimen in the laboratory. We present here a modified kreisel tank system that has been tested onboard a research vessel with the Southern Ocean salp Salpa thompsoni and at a research station with Salpa fusiformis and Thalia democratica from the Mediterranean Sea. Successful maintenance over days to weeks allowed us to obtain relative growth and developmental rates comparable to in situ field samples of S. thompsoni and S. fusiformis, and provided insights into previously unknown features of their life cycle (e.g., testes development). Our results show that traditional methods of estimating growth, such as cohort analysis, may lead to a general overestimation of growth rates and neglect individual strategies (e.g., shrinkage), which can affect the results and conclusions drawn from population dynamic models. By providing a starting point for the successful maintenance of different species, comparable experiments on the physiology of salps is made possible. This will contribute to refining model parameters and improving the reliability of the predictions.
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  • 6
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 62-76
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Translation, collision and vertical‐axis rotation in the Organyà and Montsec minibasins (South‐Central Pyrenees, Spain) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-01
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a sequentially restored cross-section of the Organyà and Montsec minibasins based on geological mapping, new field observations and available borehole data. The main objective was to describe the geometry and evolution of both basins in terms of salt tectonics and minibasin mobility. To this end, a comprehensive palaeomagnetic database has been used to constrain vertical-axis rotations potentially related to minibasin translation and pivoting. The Organyà minibasin constitutes an asymmetric depocentre formed during the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous by translation above a southerly inclined salt layer. Salt evacuation and minibasin touchdown induced salt accumulation on the northern side of the basin that culminated in the development of the major Santa Fe unconformity during the late Albian—early Cenomanian. Indicative of salt quiescence is the following isopachous Cenomanian to lower Santonian sequence Salt tectonics resumed during the late Santonian—Palaeocene, with the Montsec minibasin downbuilding coinciding with the onset of Pyrenean convergence. Changes of the base-salt topography reflects regional-scale geodynamic processes. The acceleration of crustal thinning in the North Pyrenean zone during the late Albian-early Cenomanian favoured uplift in the Axial Zone, increasing slope and triggering salt mobilization in the Southern Pyrenees. Likewise, the onset of contraction renewed the downslope gliding of the Organyà and Montsec minbasins, and supports the idea that the early stages of basin inversion were governed by gravity tectonics. The kinematic reconstruction suggests that the more that 30° counterclockwise vertical axis rotation records pivoting during the suprasalt translation of the Organyà minibasin rather than solely the Iberian microplate rotation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e12846
    Beschreibung: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Long‐term shifts in phenology, thermal niche, population size, and their interactions in marine pelagic copepods (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-08
    Beschreibung: Under climatic warming many species shift their seasonal timing of life cycle events (phenology) and seasonal abundance distribution, but whether they maintain the same thermal niche is still poorly understood. Here, we studied multidecadal trends in abundance and phenology of seven major copepod species across three stations (Stonehaven (SH), Helgoland Roads (HR), and Plymouth L4) on the North–West European shelf, spanning ~ 6.5° of latitude. All seven species consistently occupied colder temperatures at the northern station compared to the southerly station, but they maintained the same realized thermal niche over years. Expected phenological shifts (i.e., earlier when warmer) in some stations were obscured possibly by the long-term drop of copepod density in spring–summer, which may be due to a variation in the food/predators abundance. The ongoing spring–summer declines in abundance (~ 50%) of many North Atlantic pelagic species over the last five decades, as found in recent studies, may have also influenced the metrics of seasonal timing. To separate the seasonal timing of life events from that of seasonal abundance distribution, we used a time series of egg production rate (EPR) of Calanus helgolandicus at L4, and found that this shifted later into the summer–autumn over the last 30 yr of warming, coincident with declining spring–summer food and increasing predator abundance. Overall, direct temperature effects do appear to influence the seasonal timing of the copepods, but to explain impacts at individual stations or long-term trends in population size or phenology, understanding the changing balance of food and predators appears to be critical.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    A multiple baseline approach for marine heatwaves (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-09
    Beschreibung: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Marine heatwaves and other extreme temperature events can drive biological responses, including mass mortality. However, their effects depend on how they are experienced by biological systems (including human societies). We applied two different baselines (fixed and shifting) to a time series of North Sea water temperature to explore how slowly vs. quickly adapting systems would experience extreme temperatures. We tested if the properties of marine heatwaves and the association with atmospheric heatwaves were robust to a change in baseline. A fixed baseline produced an increase in the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, which would be experienced as the new normal by slowly adapting systems; 7 of the 10 most severe heatwaves occurred between 1990 and 2018. The shifting baseline removed the trend in the frequency but not duration of heatwaves; the 1990s appeared as a period of change in the frequency of strong and severe heatwaves as compared to the 1980s. There were also common patterns among baselines: marine heatwaves were more frequent in late summer when temperatures peak; temperature variability was characterized by low frequency, large amplitude fluctuations (i.e., as red noise), known to drive extinction events. In addition, marine heatwaves occurred during or just after atmospheric heatwaves. Our work highlights the importance of identifying properties of marine heatwaves that are robust or contingent on a change in baseline.〈/jats:p〉
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  • 10
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    Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3012-3012, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17148
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-22
    Beschreibung: Phenological responses to climate change frequently vary among trophic levels, which can result in increasing asynchrony between the peak energy requirements of consumers and the availability of resources. Migratory birds use multiple habitats with seasonal food resources along migration flyways. Spatially heterogeneous climate change could cause the phenology of food availability along the migration flyway to become desynchronized. Such heterogeneous shifts in food phenology could pose a challenge to migratory birds by reducing their opportunity for food availability along the migration path and consequently influencing their survival and reproduction. We develop a novel graph-based approach to quantify this problem and deploy it to evaluate the condition of the heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology for 16 migratory herbivorous waterfowl species in Asia. We show that climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology could cause a 12% loss of migration network integrity on average across all study species. Species that winter at relatively lower latitudes are subjected to a higher loss of integrity in their migration network. These findings highlight the susceptibility of migratory species to climate change. Our proposed methodological framework could be applied to migratory species in general to yield an accurate assessment of the exposure under climate change and help to identify actions for biodiversity conservation in the face of climate-related risks.
    Schlagwort(e): bird migration ; climate change ; graph-based approach ; heterogeneous shifts ; network integrity ; phenological asynchrony ; vegetation phenology
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 12
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    Rapid Laurentide Ice Sheet growth preceding the Last Glacial Maximum due to summer snowfall (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, pp. 1-10, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-06
    Beschreibung: There has been extensive research into the nonlinear responses of the Earth system to astronomical forcing during the last glacial cycle. However, the speed and spatial geometry of ice sheet expansion to its largest extent at the Last Glacial Maximum 21 thousand years ago remains uncertain. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive ice sheets to show that distinct initial North American (Laurentide) ice sheets at 38 thousand years ago converge towards a configuration consistent with the Last Glacial Maximum due to feedbacks between atmospheric circulation and ice sheet geometry. Notably, ice advance speed and spatial pattern in our model are controlled by the amount of summer snowfall, which is dependent on moisture transport pathways from the North Atlantic warm pool linked to ice sheet geometry. The consequence of increased summer snowfall on the surface mass balance of the ice sheet is not only the direct increase in accumulation but the indirect reduction in melt through the snow/ice–albedo feedback. These feedbacks provide an effective mechanism for ice growth for a range of initial ice sheet states and may explain the rapid North American ice volume increase during the last ice age and potentially driving growth during previous glacial periods.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Coherent response of zoo‐ and phytoplankton assemblages to global warming since the Last Glacial Maximum (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 0960-7447
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-06
    Beschreibung: Aim: We are using the fossil record of different marine plankton groups to determine how their biodiversity has changed during past climate warming comparable to projected future warming. Location: North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. Time series cover a latitudinal range from 75° N to 6° S. Time period: Past 24,000 years, from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the current warm period covering the last deglaciation. Major taxa studied: Planktonic foraminifera, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores. Methods: We analyse time series of fossil plankton communities using principal component analysis and generalized additive models to estimate the overall trend of temporal compositional change in each plankton group and to identify periods of significant change. We further analyse local biodiversity change by analysing species richness, species gains and losses, and the effective number of species in each sample, and compare alpha diversity to the LGM mean. Results: All plankton groups show remarkably similar trends in the rates and spatio-temporal dynamics of local biodiversity change and a pronounced non-linearity with climate change in the current warm period. Assemblages of planktonic foraminifera and dinoflagellates started to change significantly with the onset of global warming around 15,500 to 17,000 years ago and continued to change at the same rate during the current warm period until at least 5000 years ago, while coccolithophore assemblages changed at a constant rate throughout the past 24,000 years, seemingly irrespective of the prevailing temperature change. Main conclusions: Climate change during the transition from the LGM to the current warm period led to a long-lasting reshuffling of zoo- and phytoplankton assemblages, likely associated with the emergence of new ecological interactions and possibly a shift in the dominant drivers of plankton assemblage change from more abiotic-dominated causes during the last deglaciation to more biotic-dominated causes with the onset of the Holocene.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Testing the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis as a cause of low, present‐day Norwegian Sea diversity and resulting steep latitudinal diversity gradient, using fossil records (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, ISSN: 1466-822X
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-24
    Beschreibung: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Aim〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Within the intensively‐studied, well‐documented latitudinal diversity gradient, the deep‐sea biodiversity of the present‐day Norwegian Sea stands out with its notably low diversity, constituting a steep latitudinal diversity gradient in the North Atlantic. The reason behind this has long been a topic of debate and speculation. Most prominently, it is explained by the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis, which states that harsh environmental glacial conditions negatively impacted Norwegian Sea diversities, which have not yet fully recovered. Our aim is to empirically test this hypothesis. Specific research questions are: (1) Has deep‐sea biodiversity been lower during glacials than during interglacials? 〈jats:italic〉(〈/jats:italic〉2) Was there any faunal shift at the Mid‐Brunhes Event (MBE) when the mode of glacial–interglacial climatic change was altered?〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Location〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Norwegian Sea, deep sea (1819–2800 m), coring sites MD992277, PS1243, and M23352.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Time period〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉620.7–1.4 ka (Middle Pleistocene–Late Holocene).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Taxa studied〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ostracoda (Crustacea).〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Methods〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉We empirically test the deep‐sea glacial disturbance hypothesis by investigating whether diversity in glacial periods is consistently lower than diversity in interglacial periods. Additionally, we apply comparative analyses to determine a potential faunal shift at the MBE, a Pleistocene event describing a fundamental shift in global climate.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Results〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉The deep Norwegian Sea diversity was not lower during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Holocene diversity was exceedingly lower than that of the last glacial period. Faunal composition changed substantially between pre‐ and post‐MBE.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉〈jats:sec〉〈jats:title〉Main conclusions〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉These results reject the glacial disturbance hypothesis, since the low glacial diversity is the important precondition here. The present‐day‐style deep Norwegian Sea ecosystem was established by the MBE, more specifically by MBE‐induced changes in global climate, which has led to more dynamic post‐MBE conditions. In a broader context, this implies that the MBE has played an important role in the establishment of the modern polar deep‐sea ecosystem and biodiversity in general.〈/jats:p〉〈/jats:sec〉
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Essential omega‐3 fatty acids are depleted in sea ice and pelagic algae of the Central Arctic Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, 30(1), pp. e17090-e17090, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-08
    Beschreibung: Microalgae are the main source of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essential for the healthy development of most marine and terrestrial fauna including humans. Inverse correlations of algal EPA and DHA proportions (% of total fatty acids) with temperature have led to suggestions of a warming-induced decline in the global production of these biomolecules and an enhanced importance of high latitude organisms for their provision. The cold Arctic Ocean is a potential hotspot of EPA and DHA production, but consequences of global warming are unknown. Here, we combine a full-seasonal EPA and DHA dataset from the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO), with results from 13 previous field studies and 32 cultured algal strains to examine five potential climate change effects; ice algae loss, community shifts, increase in light, nutrients, and temperature. The algal EPA and DHA proportions were lower in the ice-covered CAO than in warmer peripheral shelf seas, which indicates that the paradigm of an inverse correlation of EPA and DHA proportions with temperature may not hold in the Arctic. We found no systematic differences in the summed EPA and DHA proportions of sea ice versus pelagic algae, and in diatoms versus non-diatoms. Overall, the algal EPA and DHA proportions varied up to four-fold seasonally and 10-fold regionally, pointing to strong light and nutrient limitations in the CAO. Where these limitations ease in a warming Arctic, EPA and DHA proportions are likely to increase alongside increasing primary production, with nutritional benefits for a non-ice-associated food web.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Subsurface warming in the Antarctica’s Weddell Sea can be avoided by reaching the 2∘C warming target (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 93-93, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03
    Beschreibung: Recently, seasonal pulses of modified Warm Deep Water have been observed near the Filchner Ice Shelf front in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Here, we investigate the temperature evolution of subsurface waters in the Filchner Trough under four future scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions using the climate model AWI-CM. Our model simulates these warm intrusions, suggests more frequent pulses in a warmer climate, and supports the potential for a regime shift from cold to warm Filchner Trough in two high-emission scenarios. The regime shift is governed in particular by decreasing local sea ice formation and a shoaling thermocline. Cavity circulation is not critical in triggering the change. Consequences would include increased ice shelf basal melting, reduced buttressing of fast-flowing ice streams, loss of grounded ice and an acceleration of global sea level rise. According to our simulations, the regime shift can be avoided and the Filchner Trough warming can be restricted to 0.5 ∘C by reaching the 2 ∘C climate goal.
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    Diverse plasmid systems and their ecology across human gut metagenomes revealed by PlasX and MobMess (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Microbiology, Springer Nature, 9(3), pp. 830-847, ISSN: 2058-5276
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03
    Beschreibung: Plasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive ‘plasmid systems’ using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess. Individual plasmids were often country specific, yet most plasmid systems spanned across geographically distinct human populations. Cargo genes in plasmid systems included well-known determinants of fitness, such as antibiotic resistance, but also many others including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential nutrients and modification of transfer RNAs, revealing a wide repertoire of likely fitness determinants in complex environments. Our study introduces computational tools to recognize and organize plasmids, and uncovers the ecological and evolutionary patterns of diverse plasmids in naturally occurring habitats through plasmid systems.
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  • 18
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    Dietary- and host-derived metabolites are used by diverse gut bacteria for anaerobic respiration (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Microbiology, Springer Nature, 9(1), pp. 55-69, ISSN: 2058-5276
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03
    Beschreibung: Respiratory reductases enable microorganisms to use molecules present in anaerobic ecosystems as energy-generating respiratory electron acceptors. Here we identify three taxonomically distinct families of human gut bacteria (Burkholderiaceae, Eggerthellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae) that encode large arsenals of tens to hundreds of respiratory-like reductases per genome. Screening species from each family (Sutterella wadsworthensis, Eggerthella lenta and Holdemania filiformis), we discover 22 metabolites used as respiratory electron acceptors in a species-specific manner. Identified reactions transform multiple classes of dietary- and host-derived metabolites, including bioactive molecules resveratrol and itaconate. Products of identified respiratory metabolisms highlight poorly characterized compounds, such as the itaconate-derived 2-methylsuccinate. Reductase substrate profiling defines enzyme–substrate pairs and reveals a complex picture of reductase evolution, providing evidence that reductases with specificities for related cinnamate substrates independently emerged at least four times. These studies thus establish an exceptionally versatile form of anaerobic respiration that directly links microbial energy metabolism to the gut metabolome.
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  • 19
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    Fabric controls fault stability in serpentinite gouges (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Serpentinites are polymineralic rocks distributed almost ubiquitously across the globe in active tectonic regions. Magnetite-rich serpentinites are found in the low-strain domains of serpen- tinite shear zones, which act as potential sites of nucleation of unstable slip. To assess the potential of earthquake nucleation in these materials, we investigate the link between me- chanical properties and fabric of these rocks through a suite of laboratory shear experiments. Our experiments were done at room temperature and cover a range of normal stress and slip velocity from 25 to 100 MPa and 0.3 to 300 μm s −1 , respecti vel y. We show that magnetite-rich serpentinites are ideal materials since they display strong sensitivity to the loading rate and are susceptible to nucleation of unstable slip, especially at low forcing slip velocities. We also aim at the integration of mechanical and microstructural results to describe the underlying mechanisms that produce the macroscopic behaviour. We show that mineralogical composi- tion and mineral structure dictates the coexistence of two deformation mechanisms leading to stable and unstable slip. The weakness of phyllosilicates allows for creep during the interseis- mic phase of the laboratory seismic cycle while favouring the restoration of a load-bearing granular framework, responsible of the nucleation of unstable events. During dynamic slip, fault zone shear fabric determines the mode of slip, producing either asymmetric or Gaussian slip time functions for either fast or slow events. We report rate/state friction parameters and integrate our mechanical data with microstructural observations to shed light on the mech- anisms dictating the complexity of laborator y ear thquakes. We show that mineralogical and fabric heterogeneities control fault slip behaviour.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1778–1797
    Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Grazing by nano- and microzooplankton on heterotrophic picoplankton dominates the biological carbon cycling around the Western Antarctic Peninsula (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer Nature, 47(3), pp. 279-294, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Over the past 40 years, the significance of microzooplankton grazing in oceanic carbon cycling has been highlighted with the help of dilution experiments. The ecologically relevant Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) ecosystem in the Southern Ocean (SO), however, has not been well studied. Here we present data from dilution experiments, performed at three stations around the northern tip of the WAP to determine grazing rates of small zooplankton (hetero- and mixotrophic members of the 0.2–200 µm size fraction, SZP) on auto- and heterotrophic members of the 〈 200 µm plankton community as well as their gross growth. While variable impacts of SZP grazing on carbon cycling were measured, particulate organic carbon, not the traditionally used parameter chlorophyll a, provided the best interpretable results. Our results suggested that heterotrophic picoplankton played a significant role in the carbon turnover at all stations. Finally, a comparison of two stations with diverging characteristics highlights that SZP grazing eliminated 56–119% of gross particulate organic carbon production from the particulate fraction. Thus, SZP grazing eliminated 20–50 times more carbon from the particulate fraction compared to what was exported to depth, therefore significantly affecting the efficiency of the biological carbon pump at these SO sites.
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  • 21
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    A review of the tectonic, volcanological and hazard history of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: Vulcano is one of the seven volcanic islands composing the Aeolian Islands archipelago (Southern Italy), which also includes three other active volcanoes. The island was orig-inally a stratovolcano like Stromboli; afterwards, its shape turned towards a complex structure composed of several volcanic landforms of different sizes. This is due to the great variability of the tectonic and volcanic phenomena, presently showing a volcano made by two calderas, a lava dome complex and two small active cones. The largest of them is the tuff cone of La Fossa, hosted in the middle of a 3- km-wide caldera struc-ture (La Fossa caldera), whose borders are visible on the southern and western sides of the island. Its last eruption occurred in 1888–1890. At present, Vulcano is charac-terized by weak shallow seismicity and intense fumarolic activity mainly concentrated within the crater of the La Fossa cone and along its rims during a recent unrest phase started in 2021, and measured with a multiparametric monitoring network.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 471-487
    Beschreibung: OSV4: Preparazione alle crisi vulcaniche
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Aeolian Islands, Vulcano ; multihazard ; plumbing system ; unrest ; volcanic history ; stratigraphy ; tectonics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Conservation Letters, Wiley, ISSN: 1755-263X
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-17
    Beschreibung: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Numerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.〈/jats:p〉
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    Correction: Plastics in biota: technological readiness level of current methodologies (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 8-8, ISSN: 2662-4966
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-17
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  • 24
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    Plastics in biota: technological readiness level of current methodologies (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 6-6, ISSN: 2662-4966
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-17
    Beschreibung: Plastics are persistent in the environment and may be ingested by organisms where they may cause physical harm or release plastic additives. Monitoring is a crucial mechanism to assess the risk of plastics to the marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Unfortunately, due to unharmonised procedures, it remains difficult to compare the results of different studies. This publication, as part of the Horizon project EUROqCHARM, aims to identify the properties of the available analytical processes and methods for the determination of plastics in biota. Based on a systematic review, reproducible analytical pipelines were examined and the technological readiness levels were assessed so that these methods may eventually (if not already) be incorporated into (harmonised) monitoring programs where biota are identified as indicators of plastic pollution.
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  • 25
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    New constraints on the shear wave velocity structure of the Ivrea geophysical body from seismic ambient noise tomography (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Alps) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-19
    Beschreibung: We performed seismic ambient noise tomography to investigate the shallow crustal structure around the Ivrea geophysical body (IGB) in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ). We achieved higher resolution with respect to previous tomographic works covering the Western Alps, by processing seismic data collected by both permanent and temporary seismic networks (61 broad-band seismic stations in total). This included IvreaArray, a temporary, passive seismic experiment designed to investigate the IVZ crustal structure. Starting from continuous seismic ambient noise recordings, we measured and inverted the dispersion of the group velocity of surface Rayleigh waves (fundamental mode) in the period range 4–25 s. We obtained a new, 3-D vS model of the IVZ crust via the stochastic neighbourhood algorithm (NA), with the highest resolution between 3 to 40 km depth. The fast and shallow shear wave velocity anomaly associated with the IGB presents velocities of 3.6 km s−1 directly at the surface, in remarkable agreement with the location of the exposed lower-to-middle crustal and mantle outcrops. This suggests a continuity between the surface geological observations and the subsurface geophysical anomalies. The fast IGB structure reaches vS of 4 km s−1 at 20–25 km depth, at the boundary between the European and Adriatic tectonic plates, and in correspondence with the earlier identified Moho jump in the same area. The interpretation of a very shallow reaching IGB is further supported by the comparison of our new results with recent geophysical investigations, based on receiver functions and gravity anomaly data. By combining the new geophysical constraints and the geological observations at the surface, we provide a new structural interpretation of the IGB, which features lower crustal and mantle rocks at upper crustal depths. The comparison of the obtained vS values with the physical properties from laboratory analysis of local rock samples suggests that the bulk of the IGB consists of a combination of mantle peridotite, ultramafic and lower crustal rocks, bound in a heterogeneous structure. These new findings, based on vS tomography, corroborate the recent interpretation for which the Balmuccia peridotite outcrops are continuously linked to the IGB structure beneath. The new outcomes contribute to a multidisciplinary framework for the interpretation of the forthcoming results of the scientific drilling project DIVE. DIVE aims at probing the lower continental crust and its transition to the mantle, with two ongoing and one future boreholes (down to 4 km depth) in the IVZ area, providing new, complementary information on rock structure and composition across scales. In this framework, we constrain the upper crustal IGB geometries and lithology based on new evidence for vS, connecting prior crustal knowledge to recent active seismic investigations.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1089–1105
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
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    Implications for the geometry of plate boundaries in NE Asia based on the geodetic analysis of the 2020Mw 6.4 Koryak event (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-23
    Beschreibung: On the 9th of January 2020, an Mw 6.4 strike-slip earthquake took place north of the Asian margin of the Bering Sea. The earthquake occurred within the known reverse-right-lateral active fault zone, called Khatyrka–Vyvenka, which transverses the Koryak Highland from SE to NW and is thought to be a surface manifestation of the Asian portion of either the Bering plate boundary or the northern edge of the Alaskan stream. No other strong earthquake has ever been recorded in this remote uninhabited area and the few existing seismic stations provide poor quality earthquake locations.We adopt SAR interferometry (InSAR) technique to define an improved location of the Koryak 2020 earthquake and constrain the seismic source. The analysis of the 2020 event revealed a previously unknown active fault of left-lateral kinematics that is possibly hidden and strikes NWtransversely to the Khatyrka–Vyvenka fault zone. Although several mechanisms could account for left-lateral kinematics of this fault, we propose that the structure is part of a more extended NW fault structure, that formed in pre-neotectonic times and has played a role of a pre-existing rheological discontinuity. This revived NW structure together with a similar structure located easterly, so far aseismic, make the plate/stream boundary segmented, step-like in plan view. The step-like boundary geometry may be the result of internal transform deformation of a rigid plate, but it is better explained by deflections of the Alaskan stream edge at local crustal asperities, which are pre-Cenozoic terrains.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1412–1421
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Plate motion ; Radar interferometry ; Seismic cycle ; Asia
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs (Pelophylax) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology vol. 30 no. e17180
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-21
    Beschreibung: Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered 〉13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from 〉1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies. We mapped all currently recognized taxa and their phylogeographic lineages (〉40) to get a grasp on taxonomic issues, cyto-nuclear discordances, the genetic makeup of hybridogenetic hybrids, and the origins of introduced populations. Competing hypotheses for the molecular calibration were evaluated through plausibility tests, implementing a new approach relying on predictions from the anuran speciation continuum. Based on our timetree, we propose a new biogeographic paradigm for the Palearctic since the Paleogene, notably by attributing a prominent role to the dynamics of the Paratethys, a vast paleo-sea that extended over most of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that distinct marsh frog lineages from Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Near East, and Central Asia (P. ridibundus ssp.) are naturally capable of inducing hybridogenesis with pool frogs (P. lessonae). We identified 14 alien lineages (mostly of P. ridibundus) over ~20 areas of invasions, especially in Western Europe, with genetic signatures disproportionally pointing to the Balkans and Anatolia as the regions of origins, in line with exporting records of the frog leg industry and the stocks of pet sellers. Pelophylax thus emerges as one of the most invasive amphibians worldwide, and deserves much higher conservation concern than currently given by the authorities fighting biological invasions.
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 28
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    Moment magnitude for earthquakes in the Etna volcano area (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-19
    Beschreibung: Accurate quantification of seismic activity in volcanic regions is an important asset for im- proving hazard and risk assessment. This is especially true for densely populated areas, as in the case of Etna volcano (Southern Italy). There, the volcanic hazard is amplified by the seismic risk of acti ve faults, especiall y on the eastern flank of the volcano. In such a context, it is common to rely on moment magnitude ( M W ) to characterize seismicity and monitor the energy released during an eruption. In this study, we calculate the moment-based magnitude ( M W ) for selected seismic data sets, using different approaches in distinct magnitude ranges to cover the widest possible range of magnitude that characterizes Etna’s seismicity . Specifically , we computed the M W from a data set of moment tensor solutions of earthquakes that occurred in the magnitude range 3.4 ≤M L ≤4.8 during 2005–2020; we created a data set of seismic moment and associated M W for earthquakes 1.0 ≤M L 〈 3.4 obtained by analysing source spectra; we fine-tuned two relationships, for shallow and deep earthquakes, to obtain M W from response spectra. Finally, we calibrated a specific relationship between M W and M L for the Etna area earthquakes in the range 1.0 ≤M L ≤4.8. All the empirical relationships obtained in this study can be applied in real-time analysis of the seismicity to provide fast and robust information on the released seismic energy.
    Beschreibung: INGV-DPC 2012- 2021 agreement; B2 DPC-INGV 2019-2021 project; IMPACT Department strategic project ; ‘Project PE0000005–RETURN (NRRP)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2520-2534
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquak e source observations ; Earthquake hazards ; Time series analysis ; Full moment tensor
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
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    Eddy activity in the Arctic Ocean projected to surge in a warming world (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Springer Nature, 14(2), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 1758-678X
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-08
    Beschreibung: Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing climate models cannot resolve Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing a next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution in the Arctic, we find a surge of eddy kinetic energy in the upper Arctic Ocean, tripling on average in a four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this surge is an increase in eddy generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite the decline of sea ice, eddy killing (a process in which eddies are dampened by sea ice and winds) will not weaken in its annual mean effect in the considered warming scenario. Our study suggests the importance of adequately representing Arctic eddy activity in climate models for understanding the impacts of its increase on climate and ecosystems.
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  • 30
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    Distinct bacterial succession and functional response to alginate in the South, Equatorial, and North Pacific Ocean (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, 26(3), pp. e16594-e16594, ISSN: 1462-2912
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-11
    Beschreibung: The availability of alginate, an abundant macroalgal polysaccharide, induces compositional and functional responses among marine microbes, but these dynamics have not been characterized across the Pacific Ocean. We investigated alginate-induced compositional and functional shifts (e.g., heterotrophic production, glucose turnover, hydrolytic enzyme activities) of microbial communities in the South Subtropical, Equatorial, and Polar Frontal North Pacific in mesocosms. We observed that shifts in response to alginate were site-specific. In the South Subtropical Pacific, prokaryotic cell counts, glucose turnover, and peptidase activities changed the most with alginate addition, along with the enrichment of the widest range of particle-associated taxa (161 amplicon sequence variants; ASVs) belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Phormidiaceae, and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. Some of these taxa were detected at other sites but only enriched in the South Pacific. In the Equatorial Pacific, glucose turnover and heterotrophic prokaryotic production increased most rapidly; a single Alteromonas taxon dominated (60% of the community) but remained low (〈2%) elsewhere. In the North Pacific, the particle-associated community response to alginate was gradual, with a more limited range of alginate-enriched taxa (82 ASVs). Thus, alginate-related ecological and biogeochemical shifts depend on a combination of factors that include the ability to utilize alginate, environmental conditions, and microbial interactions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 31
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    A statistical framework for detection of b-value anomalies in Italy (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: This study presents a new robust statistical framework, in which to measure relative differences, or deviations from a hypothetical reference value, of Gutenberg-Richter b-value. Moreover, it applies this method to recent seismicity in Italy, to find possible changes of earthquake magnitude distribution in time and space. The method uses bootstrap techniques, which have no prior assumptions about the distribution of data, keeping their basic features. Excluding Central Italy, no significative b-value variation is found, revealing that the frequency-magnitude distribution exponent is substantially stable or that data are not able to reveal hidden variations. Considering the small size of examined magnitude samples, we cannot definitively decide if the higher b-values in Central Italy, consistently founded by all applied tests, have a physical origin or result from a statistical bias. In any case, they indicate short-lived excursions which have a temporary nature and, therefore, cannot be associated solely to spatial variations in tectonic framework. Both the methodological issues and the results of the application to seismicity in Italy show that a correct assessing of b-value changes requests appropriate statistics, that accurately quantify the low accuracy and precision of b-value estimation for small magnitude samples.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 729–740
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Source mechanisms and induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri Basin (Italy) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: We present the results from a fully unconstrained moment tensor inversion of induced seismic events in a complex and high seismic hazard region (Val d’Agri basin, Southern Italy). The study area hosts two well-documented cases of induced microseismicity linked to (i) a wastewater injection well of a giant oilfield (the largest in onshore Europe), and (ii) severe seasonal level changes of an artificial lake. In order to gather information on the non-doublecouple components of the source and to better understand the rupture mechanisms, we analyse seismic events recorded during daily injection tests in the disposal well. The computed moment tensors have significant non-double-couple components that correlate with the well-head injection pressure. The injection parameters strongly influence the rupture mechanism that can be interpreted as due to the opening/closing of a fracture network inside a fault zone of a pre-existing thrust fault. For the case of the reservoir-induced seismicity, no direct correlations are observed with the loading/unloading of the reservoir.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1617–1627
    Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology
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  • 33
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    Coupled U–Pb and 40Ar/39Ar chronology of late‐stage intrusions at Elba Island (Italy) supports late Miocene long‐lived magma reservoirs in the Tyrrhenian upper crust (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: The late Miocene Monte Capanne and Porto Azzurro plutons are investigated by means of coupled U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating to test the occurrence of long-lived magmatic systems in the upper crust. Zircon crystallized for 〉 1 Myr in both plutonic systems, with supersolidus conditions overlapping for ~220 kyr indicating previously unrecognized co-existence of the two reservoirs. The development of the Porto Azzurro high T-aureole is post-dated by continuous igneous zircon crystallization until ~ 6.0 Ma. By linking crystallization to post-emplacement cooling of late-stage pulses in both western and eastern Elba we constrain long-lived sizeable reservoirs (possibly the same reservoir) in the Tyrrhenian upper crust between ~8 and 6 Ma.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 40Ar/39Ar white mica dating ; Elba Island ; long-lived magma reservoirs ; U–Pb zircon dating ; MioceneTyrrhenian crust ; upper crustal granites ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Epizoic yellow sponge (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) expansion on living Scleractinian corals in Bintan, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Marine Ecology vol. 2024 no. e12796
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-14
    Beschreibung: Coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia are under threat due to changes in the environment driven by global climate change, along with local disturbances such as sedimentation and eutrophication. Consequently, comprehensive coral reef monitoring \nactivities have been initiated at numerous locations across Indonesia. In this study, the \nfindings from coral reef health surveys across 14 reef sites (within 40 hectares) in the \nBintan area (Riau Archipelago, Indonesia; 100\xe2\x80\x89km southeast of Singapore) revealed a \npotentially novel epizoic yellow sponge species (Phorbas sp.) that overgrows coral colonies. This species, tentatively classified as a new Phorbas sp. (order Poecilosclerida: \nfamily Hymedesmiidae), was identified through a combined approach employing classical taxonomic methods along with DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase \nI (COI) gene. At every site, three permanent 20-m transects were established to annually monitor live coral coverage and species composition between 2014 and 2017. \nThe survey indicated a notable change in the overall coral cover during this period. \nThe abundance of coral diseases was investigated in 2014 and 2017. Additionally, the \nprogress of Phorbas sp., was closely monitored (i.e., every second day for one week) \nat Bintan Island (site 11) during the dry season in August 2017. This approach aimed \nto approximate the relative impact of each incident on the coral\'s condition. The results indicated that the most comprehensive change occurred due to the overgrowth \nof Phorbas sp., which affected 12 scleractinian coral species across eight genera in \nalmost all sites except one. The abundance of this epizoic sponge infestation was \nhighest at Pulau Beralas Pasir (site 10), constituting 22.9% of all recorded life forms, \nand lowest at Pulau Pangkil-Besar (site 13), with only 0.7%. The expansion of the thin \nyellow sponge tissue was estimated to increase by up to 0.51\xe2\x80\x89\xc2\xb1\xe2\x80\x890.48\xe2\x80\x89cm2 \n per day on \nPorites coral.
    Schlagwort(e): coral disease ; coral health ; expansion progress ; novel sponge ; yellow band disease
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 3955-3955, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-25
    Beschreibung: Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
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  • 36
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    Short and decadal impacts of seafloor physical perturbation on the abundances of Lebensspuren ‘traces of life’ in the Peru Basin manganese nodule province (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biodiversity, Springer Nature, 54(1), pp. 11-11, ISSN: 1867-1616
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-27
    Beschreibung: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, ‘traces of life’, were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
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  • 37
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    Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14816
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-31
    Beschreibung: Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2= 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2= 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (〉66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
    Schlagwort(e): community assembly ; dispersal limitation ; environmental selection ; evolutionary principal ; component analysis ; indicator lineage analysis ; Moran's eigenvector maps ; neotropics ; Niche ; conservatism ; tropical rain forests
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 38
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    High frequency attenuation of S waves in alluvial deposits of the central Po Plain (northern Italy) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: Estimation of local seismic response plays a key role in assessing local seismic hazard and particularly in the design of shaking scenarios. Modelling local seismic response involves knowing of the shear wave velocity (Vs) and quality factor (Qs) profiles for the site in question. The many techniques that have been developed to assess Vs in surface deposits produce reliable measurements of Vs , but these rarely correspond to direct measurements of Qs . The latter is often considered through damping measures from laboratory tests on small-scale soil samples, which can provide information primarily on intrinsic attenuation, neglecting the contribution of scattering effects. In this paper, using seismic recordings obtained at the surface and in boreholes at 100 m depth, we estimate an average value of Qs of some characteristic alluvial deposits of the Po Plain (northern Italy). Data come from a microseismic network which sampled an almost uniform lithology in the central Po Plain and consisted of three surface and four borehole stations with an interstation distance of about 2 km. The average value of Qs of the shallowest 100 m of the sedimentary strata, Qs100, is estimated by considering: (1) the high-frequency attenuation of seismic waves due to propagation through the corresponding stratigraphy and (2) the interference between incident and surface-reflected waves observed at borehole stations. We parametrize the first through k0_100, the difference between the values of the spectral decay parameter kappa (k) estimated at the surface and at the boreholes depth, respectively. We use the second in order to compute Vs100, the time-averaged Vs referred to the uppermost 100 m stratigraphy. We obtain: k0_100 = (11 ± 3) ms, Vs100 = (309 ± 11) m s −1 and Qs100 = 31 ± 10. At the surface, the estimated values of the site-specific kappa, k0, are found to range from 75 to 79 ms. As expected, these results are in good agreement with studies performed in other sites characterized by sandy or clayey lithologies, and can be usefully used in site response analysis at sites where the rigidity is mainly controlled by lithostatic pressure.
    Beschreibung: Comune di Minerbio (grant: “Sperimentazione ILG Minerbio”; grant number: 0913.010).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2075–2094
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake ground motions ; Seismic attenuation ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; Wave scattering and diffraction ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 39
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    The second most abundant dinophyte in the ponds of a botanical garden is a species new to science (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Wiley, 71(2), pp. e13015-e13015, ISSN: 1066-5234
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: In the microscopy realm, a large body of dark biodiversity still awaits to be uncovered. Unarmoured dinophytes are particularly neglected here, as they only present inconspicuous traits. In a remote German locality, we collected cells, from which a monoclonal strain was established, to study morphology using light and electron microscopy and to gain DNA sequences from the rRNA operon. In parallel, we detected unicellular eukaryotes in ponds of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg by DNA-metabarcoding (V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene), weekly sampled over the course of a year. Strain GeoK*077 turned out to be a new species of Borghiella with a distinct position in molecular phylogenetics and characteristic coccoid cells of ovoid shape as the most important diagnostic trait. Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., was also present in artificial ponds of the Botanical Garden and was the second most abundant dinophyte detected in the samples. More specifically, Borghiella ovum, sp. nov., shows a clear seasonality, with high frequency during winter months and complete absence during summer months. The study underlines the necessity to assess the biodiversity, particularly of the microscopy realm more ambitiously, if even common species such as formerly Borghiella ovum are yet unknown to science.
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  • 40
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    Multiannual patterns of genetic structure and mating type ratios highlight the complex bloom dynamics of a marine planktonic diatom (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 6028-6028, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: Understanding the genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible for its spatial and temporal dynamics is vital for assessing species’ adaptability and survival in changing environments. We investigate the genetic fingerprinting of blooming populations of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) from 2008 to 2020. Strains were genotyped using microsatellite fingerprinting and natural samples were also analysed with Microsatellite Pool-seq Barcoding based on Illumina sequencing of microsatellite loci. Both approaches revealed a clonal expansion event in 2013 and a more stable genetic structure during 2017–2020 compared to previous years. The identification of a mating type (MT) determination gene allowed to assign MT to strains isolated over the years. MTs were generally at equilibrium with two notable exceptions, including the clonal bloom of 2013. The populations exhibited linkage equilibrium in most blooms, indicating that sexual reproduction leads to genetic homogenization. Our findings show that P. multistriata blooms exhibit a dynamic genetic and demographic composition over time, most probably determined by deeper-layer cell inocula. Occasional clonal expansions and MT imbalances can potentially affect the persistence and ecological success of planktonic diatoms.
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  • 41
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    Biogeographic gradients of picoplankton diversity indicate increasing dominance of prokaryotes in warmer Arctic fjords (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 7(1), pp. 256-256, ISSN: 2399-3642
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. Arctic fjords, the region’s most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at the base of the food web. Here we show that Arctic fjords become more prokaryotic in the picoplankton (0.2–3 µm) with increasing water temperatures. Across 21 fjords, we found that Arctic fjords had proportionally more trophically diverse (autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic and temperate fjords had relatively more diverse prokaryotic trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between fjords suggested that transport alone would create a smooth gradient in beta diversity largely following the North Atlantic Current and East Greenland Current. Deviations from this suggested that picoeukaryotes had some strong regional patterns in beta diversity that reduced the effect of oceanographic connectivity, while prokaryotes were mainly stopped in their dispersal if strong temperature differences between sites were present. Fjords located in high Arctic regions also generally had very low prokaryotic alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming of Arctic fjords could induce a fundamental shift from more trophic diverse eukaryotic- to prokaryotic-dominated communities, with profound implications for Arctic ecosystem dynamics including their productivity patterns.
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  • 42
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    Constraints on the Cryohydrological Warming of Firn and Ice in Greenland From Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity Data (2024)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurements from seismic ambient noise recorded on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) show complex and anomalous behavior at wave periods sensitive to ice (T 〈 3–4 s). To understand these complex observations, we compare them with synthetic ellipticity measurements obtained from synthetic ambient noise computed for various seismic velocity and attenuation models, including surface wave overtone effects. We find that in dry snow conditions within the interior of the GrIS, to first order the anomalous ellipticity observations can be explained by ice models associated with the accumulation and densification of snow into firn. We also show that the distribution of ellipticity measurements is strongly sensitive to seismic attenuation and the thermal structure of the ice. Our results suggest that Rayleigh wave ellipticity is well suited for monitoring changes in firn properties and thermal composition of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in a changing climate.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2023GL103673
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Carbon Stocks and Potential Greenhouse Gas Production of Permafrost-Affected Active Floodplains in the Lena River Delta (2024)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union, 129, ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-19
    Beschreibung: Arctic warming increases the degradation of permafrost soils but little is known about floodplain soils in the permafrost region. This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen stocks, and the potential CH4 and CO2 production from seven cores in the active floodplains in the Lena River Delta, Russia. The soils were sandy but highly heterogeneous, containing deep, organic rich deposits with 〉60% SOC stored below 30 cm. The mean SOC stocks in the top 1 m were 12.9 ± 6.0 kg C m−2. Grain size analysis and radiocarbon ages indicated highly dynamic environments with sediment re-working. Potential CH4 and CO2 production from active floodplains was assessed using a 1-year incubation at 20°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cumulative aerobic CO2 production mineralized a mean 4.6 ± 2.8% of initial SOC. The mean cumulative aerobic:anaerobic C production ratio was 2.3 ± 0.9. Anaerobic CH4 production comprised 50 ± 9% of anaerobic C mineralization; rates were comparable or exceeded those for permafrost region organic soils. Potential C production from the incubations was correlated with total organic carbon and varied strongly over space (among cores) and depth (active layer vs. permafrost). This study provides valuable information on the carbon cycle dynamics from active floodplains in the Lena River Delta and highlights the key spatial variability, both among sites and with depth, and the need to include these dynamic permafrost environments in future estimates of the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.
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  • 44
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    Interactive responses to temperature and salinity in larvae of the Asian brush-clawed crab Hemigrapsus takanoi: relevance for range expansion into the Baltic Sea, in the context of climate change (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Biological Invasions, Springer Nature, pp. 1-20, ISSN: 1387-3547
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-15
    Beschreibung: We studied the potential of a recently introduced species, the Asian brush-clawed crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi), to expand its distribution range further into the Baltic Sea. H. takanoi has been documented in the southwestern Baltic Sea since 2014. The ability to persist and further expand into the Baltic Proper will depend on their potential to sustain all stages of their complex life cycle, including pelagic larvae, under the Baltic Sea's conditions. Range limits may be established by the tolerance to low salinity, which in addition may be affected by water temperature. A key question is whether local populations at the distribution limit (within the Baltic Sea) show increased tolerance to low salinities and hence promote further expansion. We quantified the combined effects of salinity (10–33 PSU) and temperature (15–24 °C) on larval development in four populations of H. takanoi (two from the Baltic and two from the North Sea). We found substantial differences in larval performance between the populations from the Baltic and North Seas. Larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. Only weak evidence of elevated tolerance towards low salinity was found in the larvae from the Baltic Sea populations. In addition, larvae from the population located near the range limit showed very low survival under all tested salinity-temperature combinations and no evidence of increased tolerance to low salinity. There was no apparent genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) implying high connectivity among the populations. In conclusion, the weak evidence of low salinity tolerance in Baltic Sea populations, and poor larval performance for the population located near the range limit, coupled with limited genetic differentiation suggest that subsidies are needed for populations to persist near the range limit. Alternatively, ontogenetic migrations would be required to sustain those populations. Monitoring efforts are needed to elucidate the underlaying mechanisms and document potential future range expansions.
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  • 45
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    Less variability when growing faster? Experimental assessment of the relationship of growth rate with functional traits of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Hydrobiologia, Springer Nature, 851(9), pp. 2173-2187, ISSN: 1037-0544
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03
    Beschreibung: Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs.
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  • 46
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18(4), ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
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    Comparison between alarm-based and probability-based earthquake forecasting methods (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: In a recent work, we applied the every earthquake a precursor according to scale (EEPAS) probabilistic model to the pseudo-prospective forecasting of shallow earthquakes with magni- tude M 5.0 in the Italian region. We compared the forecasting performance of EEPAS with that of the epidemic type aftershock sequences (ETAS) forecasting model, using the most recent consistency tests developed within the collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictabil- ity (CSEP). The application of such models for the forecasting of Italian target earthquakes seems to show peculiar characteristics for each of them. In particular, the ETAS model showed higher performance for short-term forecasting, in contrast, the EEPAS model showed higher forecasting performance for the medium/long-term. In this work, we compare the performance of EEPAS and ETAS models with that obtained by a deterministic model based on the occur- rence of strong foreshocks (FORE model) using an alarm-based approach. We apply the two rate-based models (ETAS and EEPAS) estimating the best probability threshold above which we issue an alarm. The model parameters and probability thresholds for issuing the alarms are calibrated on a learning data set from 1990 to 2011 during which 27 target earthquakes have occurred within the analysis region. The pseudo-prospective forecasting performance is as- sessed on a validation data set from 2012 to 2021, which also comprises 27 target earthquakes. Tests to assess the forecasting capability demonstrate that, even if all models outperform a purely random method, which trivially forecast earthquake proportionally to the space–time occupied by alarms, the EEPAS model exhibits lower forecasting performance than ETAS and FORE models. In addition, the relative performance comparison of the three models demonstrates that the forecasting capability of the FORE model appears slightly better than ETAS, but the difference is not statistically significant as it remains within the uncertainty level. However, truly prospective tests are necessary to validate such results, ideally using new testing procedures allowing the analysis of alarm-based models, not yet available within the CSEP.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1541–1551
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Computational seismology ; Earthquake interaction, forecasting and prediction ; Statistical seismology ; Comparison betwee earthquake forecasting methods
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  • 48
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    Low-strength shear zone in the western Makran subduction zone, southeastern Iran: insights from a receiver function analysis (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: To understand the seismic hazard of a subduction zone, it is necessary to know the geometry, location and mechanical characteristics of the interplate boundary below which an oceanic plate is thrust downward. By considering the azimuthal dependence of converted P-to-S (Ps) amplitudes in receiver functions, we have detected the interplate boundary in the Makran subduction zone, revealing significant seismic anisotropy at the base of the accretionary wedge above the slab before it bends down beneath the Jaz Murian basin. This anisotropic feature aligns with a zone of reduced seismic velocity and a high primary/secondary wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs), as documented in previous studies. The presence of this low-velocity highly anisotropic layer at the base of the accretionary wedge, likely representing a low-strength shear zone, could possibly explain the unusually wide accretionary wedge in Makran. Additionally, it may impact the location and width of the locked zone along the interplate boundary.
    Beschreibung: Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 64-74
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquake hazards, Seismic anisotropy, Crustal structure, Subduction zone processes ; 04.06. Seismology
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  • 49
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    Application of the EEPAS earthquake forecasting model to Italy (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: The Every Earthquake a Precursor According to Scale (EEPAS) forecasting model is a space– time point-process model based on the precursory scale increase (ψ ) phenomenon and associated predictive scaling relations. It has been previously applied to New Zealand, Cal- ifornia and Japan earthquakes with target magnitude thresholds varying from about 5–7. In all previous application, computations were done using the computer code implemented in Fortran language by the model authors. In this work, we applied it to Italy using a suite of computing codes completely rewritten in Matlab. We first compared the two software codes to ensure the convergence and adequate coincidence between the estimated model parameters for a simple region capable of being analysed by both software codes. Then, using the rewritten codes, we optimized the parameters for a different and more complex polygon of analysis using the Homogenized Instrumental Seismic Catalogue data from 1990 to 2011. We then perform a pseudo-prospective forecasting experiment of Italian earthquakes from 2012 to 2021 with Mw ≥ 5.0 and compare the forecasting skill of EEPAS with those obtained by other time in- dependent (Spatially Uniform Poisson, Spatially Variable Poisson and PPE: Proximity to Past Earthquakes) and time dependent [Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS)] forecasting models using the information gain per active cell. The preference goes to the ETAS model for short time intervals (3 months) and to the EEPAS model for longer time intervals (6 months to 10 yr).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1681–1700
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Computational seismology ; Earthquake interaction ; forecasting and prediction ; Statistical seismology ; Earthquake forecasting
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  • 50
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    Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 232-232, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-11
    Beschreibung: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
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  • 51
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    The last 1100 years of activity of La Fossa caldera, Vulcano Island (Italy): new insights into stratigraphy, chronology, and landscape evolution (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-13
    Beschreibung: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Beschreibung: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 47
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 52
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    Simulating long-term wildfire impacts on boreal forest structure in Central Yakutia, Siberia, since the Last Glacial Maximum (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Fire Ecology, Springer Nature, 20(1), pp. 1-1, ISSN: 1933-9747
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-21
    Beschreibung: Background: Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results: Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer. Conclusion: With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
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  • 53
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    Decadal-scale variability and warming affect spring timing and forest growth across the western Great Lakes region (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Biometeorology, Springer Nature, 68(4), pp. 1-17, ISSN: 0020-7128
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-21
    Beschreibung: The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
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  • 54
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-31
    Beschreibung: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
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  • 55
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18, ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-23
    Beschreibung: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 56
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    Positioning possibilities for human geographies of the sea: Automatic Identification Systems and its role in spatialising understandings of shipping (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Geography Compass, Wiley, 18, ISSN: 1749-8198
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-23
    Beschreibung: This paper positions possibilities for human geographies of the sea. The growing volume of work under this banner has been largely qualitative in its approach, reflecting, in turn, the questions posed by oceanic scholars. These questions necessitate corresponding methods. Whilst this is not necessarily a problem, and the current corpus of work has offered many significant contributions, in making sense of the human dimensions of maritime worlds, other questions—and methods—may generate knowledge that is useful within this remit of work. This paper considers the place of quantitative approaches in posing lines of enquiry about shipping, one of the prominent areas of concern under the banner of ‘human geographies of the seas’. There is longstanding work in transport geographies concerned with shipping, logistics, freight movement and global connections, which embraces quantitative methods which could be bridged to ask fresh questions about oceanic spatial phenomena past and present. This paper reviews the state of the art of human geographies of the sea and transport geographies and navigates how the former field may be stimulated by some of the interests of the latter and a broader range of questions about society-sea-space relations. The paper focuses on Automatic Identification Systems (or AIS) as a potentially useful tool for connecting debates, and deepening spatial understandings of the seas and shipping beyond current scholarship. To advance the argument the example of shipping layups is used to illustrate or rather, position, the point.
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  • 57
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    Hydrological and volcano-related gravity signals at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius from ∼20 yr of time-lapse gravity monitoring: implications for volcano quiescence (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-27
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©:The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: We report on about 20 yr of relative gravity measurements, acquired on Mt. Somma–Vesuvius volcano in order to investigate the hydrological and volcano-tectonic processes controlling the present-day activity of the volcano. The retrieved long-term field of time gravity change (2003–2022) shows a pattern essentially related to the subsidence, which have affected the central part of the volcano, as detected by the permanent GNSS network and InSAR data. After reducing the observations for the effect of vertical deformation, no significant residuals are found, indicating no significant mass accumulation or loss within the volcanic system. In the north-western sector of the study area, at the border of the volcano edifice, however, significant residual positive gravity changes are detected which are associated to ground-water rebound after years of intense exploitation of the aquifers. On the seasonal timescale, we find that stations within the caldera rim are affected by the seasonal hydrological effects, while the gravity stations at the base of the Vesuvius show a less clear correlation. Furthermore, within the caldera rim a multiyear gravity transient is detected with an increase phase lasting about 4 yr followed by a slower decrease phase. Analysis of rain data seem to exclude a hydrological origin, hence, we hypothesize a deeper source related to the geothermal activity, which can be present even if the volcano is in a quiescent state. We infer the depth and volume of the source by inverting the spatial pattern of the gravity field at the peak of the transient. A volume of fluids of 9.5 × 107 m3 with density of 1000 kg m−3 at 2.3 km depth is capable to fit reasonably well the observations. To explain the gravity transient, simple synthetic models are produced, that simulate the ascent of fluids from a deep reservoir up to the depth of 2.3 km and a successive diffusion within the carbonate aquifer hosting the geothermal system. The whole process appears to not significantly affect the seismicity rate and the deformation of the volcano. This study demonstrates the importance of a 4-D gravity monitoring of a volcano to understand its complex gravity signals that cover different spatial and temporal scales. Discriminating the different contributions that mix up in the observed gravity changes, in particular those due to hydrologic/anthropogenic activities form those due to the geothermal dynamics, is fundamental for a complete and reliable evaluation of the volcano state.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1565–1580
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 58
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    Effects of bottom‐up factors on growth and toxin content of a harmful algae bloom dinoflagellate (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-30
    Beschreibung: The toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax has become increasingly abundant in northern European waters, replacing other Alexandrium species. A. pseudogonyaulax produces goniodomins and lytic substances, which can be cytotoxic toward other organisms, including fish, but we still know little about the environmental conditions influencing its growth and toxicity. Here, we investigated the impacts of different nitrogen sources and light intensities, common bottom-up drivers of bloom formation, on the growth and toxin content of three A. pseudogonyaulax strains isolated from the Danish Limfjord. While the growth rates were significantly influenced by nitrogen source and light intensity, the intracellular toxin contents only showed strong differences between the exponential and stationary growth phases. Moreover, the photophysiological response of A. pseudogonyaulax showed little variation across varying light intensities, while light-harvesting pigments were significantly more abundant under low light conditions. This study additionally highlights considerable physiological variability between strains, emphasizing the importance of conducting laboratory experiments with several algal strains. A high physiological plasticity toward changing abiotic parameters points to a long-term establishment of A. pseudogonyaulax in northern European waters.
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  • 59
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    Effects of bottom‐up factors on growth and toxin content of a harmful algae bloom dinoflagellate (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-30
    Beschreibung: The toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax has become increasingly abundant in northern European waters, replacing other Alexandrium species. A. pseudogonyaulax produces goniodomins and lytic substances, which can be cytotoxic toward other organisms, including fish, but we still know little about the environmental conditions influencing its growth and toxicity. Here, we investigated the impacts of different nitrogen sources and light intensities, common bottom-up drivers of bloom formation, on the growth and toxin content of three A. pseudogonyaulax strains isolated from the Danish Limfjord. While the growth rates were significantly influenced by nitrogen source and light intensity, the intracellular toxin contents only showed strong differences between the exponential and stationary growth phases. Moreover, the photophysiological response of A. pseudogonyaulax showed little variation across varying light intensities, while light-harvesting pigments were significantly more abundant under low light conditions. This study additionally highlights considerable physiological variability between strains, emphasizing the importance of conducting laboratory experiments with several algal strains. A high physiological plasticity toward changing abiotic parameters points to a long-term establishment of A. pseudogonyaulax in northern European waters.
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  • 60
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    Dispersal‐related plant traits are associated with range size in the Atlantic Forest (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Diversity and Distributions vol. 2024 no. e13856
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-06
    Beschreibung: Aim: The efficiency of animal-mediated seed dispersal is threatened by the decline of animal populations, especially in tropical forests. We hypothesise that large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal tend to have limited geographic ranges and face an increased risk of extinction due to the potential decline in seed dispersal by large-bodied fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals (frugivores). Location: Atlantic Forest, Brazil, South America. Taxon: Angiosperms. Methods: First, we collected dispersal-related traits (dispersal syndrome, fruit size, and seed size), growth form (tree, climber, and other) and preferred vegetation type (open and closed) data for 1052 Atlantic Forest plant species. Next, we integrated these with occurrence records, extinction risk assessments, and phylogenetic trees. Finally, we performed phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to test the direct and interactive effects of dispersal-related traits and vegetation type on geographical range size. Results: Large-seeded species had smaller range sizes than small-seeded species, but only for species with animal-mediated dispersal, not for those dispersed by abiotic mechanisms. However, plants with abiotic dispersal had overall smaller range sizes than plants with animal-mediated dispersal. Furthermore, we found that species restricted to forests had smaller ranges than those occurring in open or mixed vegetation. Finally, at least 29% of the Atlantic Forest flora is threatened by extinction, but this was not related to plant dispersal syndromes. Main Conclusions: Large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal may be suffering from dispersal limitation, potentially due to past and ongoing defaunation of large-bodied frugivores, leading to small range sizes. Other factors, such as deforestation and fragmentation, will probably modulate the effects of dispersal on range size, and ultimately extinction. Our study sheds light on the relationship between plant traits, mutualistic interactions, and distribution that are key to the functioning of tropical forests.
    Schlagwort(e): defaunation ; extinction risk ; frugivory ; phylogeny ; range size ; seed dispersal ; tropical forest
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 61
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    Timing and direction of faunal exchange between the Nearctic and the Palaearctic in Odonata (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Biogeography vol. 2024 no. 14963
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-06
    Beschreibung: Aim Species have different distribution patterns across the globe and among biogeographical regions. The Nearctic and Palaearctic regions share lineages because of their parallel biogeographic histories and ecological conditions. As the number of phylogenetic studies increases, there are more insights into past exchange events between these two regions and their effects on the current distribution of diversity. However, several groups have not been tested and an overall generalization is still missing. Here, we analyse the biogeographic history across multiple genera of odonates to elucidate a general process of species exchange, vicariance and species divergence between these two regions. Location The Holarctic, including the entire Nearctic and the East and West Palaearctic. Taxon 14 genera of Odonata (Insecta). Methods We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree for each genus to determine species relationships and divergence time using 3614 COI sequences of 259 species. Biogeographic ancestral range estimation was inferred for each phylogeny using BioGeoBEARS. Preferred habitat (lotic versus lentic) was established for each species. Results Exchange events were not restricted in time, direction or either lentic habitat or lotic habitat. Most genera crossed between both regions only once, and it was mainly across the Beringia, while three diverse anisopteran genera revealed multiple exchanges. Recent exchanges during the Pleistocene were associated with cold-dwelling and lentic species. Main Conclusions Our finding reveals the absence of a generalizable pattern of species exchange and divergence between the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions; instead, we found lineage-specific biogeographic patterns. This finding highlights the complexity of drivers and functional traits that shaped current diversity patterns. Moreover, it emphasizes that general conclusions cannot be formulated based on one single clade.
    Schlagwort(e): biogeography ; climate change ; damselflies ; dragonflies ; Holarctic
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 62
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    Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17
    Beschreibung: Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 7717
    Beschreibung: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli volcano ; clinopyroxene ; paroxysmal activity ; Eruptive timescales ; Thermobarometry ; Petrology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 63
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    The Influence of Undercooling and Sector Zoning on Clinopyroxene–Melt Equilibrium and Thermobarometry (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17
    Beschreibung: Thermobarometry provides a critical means of assessing locations of magma storage and dynamics in the lead-up to volcanic eruptions and crustal growth. A common approach is to utilise minerals that have compositions sensitive to changes in pressure and/or temperature, such as clinopyroxene, which is ubiquitous in mafic to intermediate magmas. However, clinopyroxene thermobarometry may carry significant uncertainty and require an appropriate equilibrium melt composition. In addition, the degree of magma undercooling (ΔT) affects clinopyroxene composition and zoning, with common sector zoning potentially obfuscating thermobarometry results. Here, we use a set of crystallisation experiments on a primitive trachybasalt from Mt. Etna (Italy) at ΔT = 25–233 °C, P = 400–800 MPa, H2O = 0–4 wt % and fO2 = NNO + 2, with clinopyroxene crystals defined by Al-rich zones (prisms and skeletons) and Al-poor zones (hourglass and overgrowths) to assess common equilibrium models and thermobarometric approaches. Under the studied conditions, our data suggest that the commonly applied Fe–Mg exchange (cpx-meltKdFe–Mg) is insensitive to increasing ΔT and may not be a reliable indicator of equilibrium. The combined use of DiHd (CaMgSi2O6 + CaFeSi2O6) and EnFs (Mg2Si2O6 + Fe2Si2O6) models indicate the attainment of equilibrium in both Al-rich and Al-poor zones for almost all investigated ΔT. In contrast, CaTs (CaAl2SiO6) and CaTi (CaTiAl2O6) models reveal substantial deviations from equilibrium with increasing ΔT, particularly in Al-rich zones. We postulate that this reflects slower diffusion of Al and Ti in the melt compared with Ca and Mg and recommend the concurrent application of these four models to evaluate equilibrium between clinopyroxene and melt, particularly for sector-zoned crystals. Thermobarometers calibrated with only isothermal–isobaric experiments closely reproduce experimental P–T at low ΔT, equivalent to natural phenocrysts cores and sector-zoned mantles. Models that also consider decompression experiments are most accurate at high ΔT and are therefore suitable for outermost phenocryst rims and groundmass microlites. Recent machine learning approaches reproduce P–T conditions across all ΔT conditions. Applying our experimental constraints to sector-zoned microphenocrysts and groundmass microlites erupted during the 1974 eccentric eruption at Mt. Etna, we highlight that both hourglass and prism sectors are suitable for thermobarometry, given that equilibrium is sufficiently tested for. The combination of DiHd, EnFs, CaTs and CaTi models identifies compositions closest to equilibrium with the bulk melt composition, and results in smaller differences in P–T calculated for hourglass and prism sectors compared with applying only DiHd and EnFs equilibrium models. This provides a framework to assess crystallisation conditions recorded by sector-zoned clinopyroxene crystals in mafic alkaline settings.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: egad074
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental Petrology ; Petrology ; Clinopyroxene ; Thermobarometry ; Experimental Petrology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 64
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    Enhanced response of soil respiration to experimental warming upon thermokarst formation (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, pp. 1-7, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17
    Beschreibung: As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of terrestrial carbon (C)–climate feedback is the rate of C loss upon abrupt permafrost thaw. This type of thawing—termed thermokarst—may in turn accelerate or dampen the response of microbial degradation of soil organic matter and carbon dioxide (CO2) release to climate warming. However, such impacts have not yet been explored in experimental studies. Here, by experimentally warming three thermo-erosion gullies in an upland thermokarst site combined with incubating soils from five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we investigate how warming responses of soil CO2 release would change upon upland thermokarst formation. Our results show that warming-induced increase in soil CO2 release is ~5.5 times higher in thermokarst features than the adjacent non-thermokarst landforms. This larger warming response is associated with the lower substrate quality and higher abundance of microbial functional genes for recalcitrant C degradation in thermokarst-affected soils. Taken together, our study provides experimental evidence that warming-associated soil CO2 loss becomes stronger upon abrupt permafrost thaw, which could exacerbate the positive soil C–climate feedback in permafrost-affected regions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 65
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    A Third of Organic Carbon Is Mineral Bound in Permafrost Sediments Exposed by the World's Largest Thaw Slump, Batagay, Siberia (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Wiley, ISSN: 1045-6740
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-24
    Beschreibung: Organic carbon (OC) in permafrost interacts with the mineral fraction of soil and sediments, representing 〈 1% to ~80% of the total OC pool. Quantifying the nature and controls of mineral-OC interactions is therefore crucial for realistic assessments of permafrost-carbon-climate feedbacks, especially in ice-rich regions facing rapid thaw and the development of thermo-erosion landforms. Here, we analyzed sediment samples from the Batagay megaslump in East Siberia, and we present total element concentrations , mineralogy, and mineral-OC interactions in its different stratigraphic units. Our findings indicate that up to 34 ± 8% of the OC pool interacts with mineral surfaces or elements. Interglacial deposits exhibit enhanced OC-mineral interactions, where OC has undergone greater microbial transformation and has likely low degradability. We provide a first-order estimate of ~12,000 tons of OC mobilized annually downslope of the headwall (i.e., the approximate mass of 30 large aircrafts), with a maximum of 38% interacting with OC via complexation with metals or associations to poorly crystalline iron oxides. These data imply that over one-third of the OC exposed by the slump is not readily available for mineralization, potentially leading to prolonged OC residence time in soil and sediments under stable physicochemical conditions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 66
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    Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems: a systematic review (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Evidence, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 6-6, ISSN: 2047-2382
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-24
    Beschreibung: Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 67
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    Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea (2024)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Wiley, 49(4), ISSN: 0721-3115
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-07-05
    Beschreibung: Shipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship’s history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 68
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    Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) expected impact on science and applications (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-07-02
    Beschreibung: The joint ESA/NASA Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) has the objective to extend time-series from previous gravity missions, including an improvement of accuracy and spatio-temporal resolution. The long-term monitoring of Earth’s gravity field carries information on mass change induced by water cycle, climate change and mass transport processes between atmosphere, cryosphere, oceans and solid Earth. MAGIC will be composed of two satellite pairs flying in different orbit planes. The NASA/DLR-led first pair (P1) is expected to be in a near-polar orbit around 500 km of altitude; while the second ESA-led pair (P2) is expected to be in an inclined orbit of 65°–70° at approximately 400 km altitude. The ESA-led pair P2 Next Generation Gravity Mission shall be launched after P1 in a staggered manner to form the MAGIC constellation. The addition of an inclined pair shall lead to reduction of temporal aliasing effects and consequently of reliance on de-aliasing models and post-processing. The main novelty of the MAGIC constellation is the delivery of mass-change products at higher spatial resolution, temporal (i.e. subweekly) resolution, shorter latency and higher accuracy than the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO). This will pave the way to new science applications and operational services. In this paper, an overview of various fields of science and service applications for hydrology, cryosphere, oceanography, solid Earth, climate change and geodesy is provided. These thematic fields and newly enabled applications and services were analysed in the frame of the initial ESA Science Support activities for MAGIC. The analyses of MAGIC scenarios for different application areas in the field of geosciences confirmed that the double-pair configuration will significantly enlarge the number of observable mass-change phenomena by resolving smaller spatial scales with an uncertainty that satisfies evolved user requirements expressed by international bodies such as IUGG. The required uncertainty levels of dedicated thematic fields met by MAGIC unfiltered Level-2 products will benefit hydrological applications by recovering more than 90 per cent of the major river basins worldwide at 260 km spatial resolution, cryosphere applications by enabling mass change signal separation in the interior of Greenland from those in the coastal zones and by resolving small-scale mass variability in challenging regions such as the Antarctic Peninsula, oceanography applications by monitoring meridional overturning circulation changes on timescales of years and decades, climate applications by detecting amplitude and phase changes of Terrestrial Water Storage after 30 yr in 64 and 56 per cent of the global land areas and solid Earth applications by lowering the Earthquake detection threshold from magnitude 8.8 to magnitude 7.4 with spatial resolution increased to 333 km.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1288–1308
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 69
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    Mineralogic properties for sediment core MD12-3401Cq for the last deglaciation (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-03
    Schlagwort(e): AGE; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Clay; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Diatoms; Giant piston corer (Calypso); GPC-C; Grain size, Mastersizer S, Malvern Instrument Inc.; magnetic parameters; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD12-3401; MD128; mineralogic parameters; Silt; Summer sea surface temperature; SWAF
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 498 data points
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  • 70
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    Magnetic properties for sediment core MD12-3401Cq for the last deglaciation (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-03
    Schlagwort(e): AGE; Anhysteretic susceptibility/magnetic susceptibility; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Cryogenic magnetometer, 2G Enterprises; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Giant piston corer (Calypso); GPC-C; magnetic parameters; Magnetic susceptibility; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD12-3401; MD128; mineralogic parameters; Summer sea surface temperature; SWAF
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 320 data points
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  • 71
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    Summer sea surface temperature for sediment core MD12-3401Cq for the last deglaciation (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-03
    Schlagwort(e): AGE; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; calculated, 1 sigma; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Giant piston corer (Calypso); GPC-C; magnetic parameters; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD12-3401; MD128; mineralogic parameters; Reconstructed from the percentage of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral; Reconstructed from the percentage of planktic foraminifera; Sea surface temperature, summer; Sea surface temperature, summer, standard deviation; Summer sea surface temperature; SWAF
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 186 data points
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 72
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    Stable isotope data from IODP Site 371-U1509 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-02
    Beschreibung: The onset of the first sustained Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~34 Ma; EOT) was marked by several changes in calcareous nannofossils coinciding with long-term cooling and modifications in the sea-surface water structure. Here, we combined a high-resolution calcareous nannofossil assemblage data (%) with bulk geochemical data from IODP Site U1509 (New Caledonia Trough, Tasman Sea) in order to give an overview of the paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic evolution of the study area.
    Schlagwort(e): 371-U1509A; Calcareous nannofossils; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Eocene-Oligocene Transition.; Exp371; Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP; IODP Depth Scale Terminology; Isotope ratio mass spectrometry; Joides Resolution; Sample code/label; Tasman Frontier Subduction Initiation and Paleogene Climate; Tasman Sea; δ13C, carbonate; δ18O, carbonate
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 732 data points
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  • 73
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    Heat flow data of METEOR cruise M186, Azores hot vents (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-01
    Beschreibung: Marine heat flow data from RV Meteor cruise M186. The GEOMAR project name is Azores Hot Vents. We used the 6 m Bremen heat probe with 21 channels @ 0.26 m spacing.
    Schlagwort(e): Azores; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; heatflow; MARUM
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 74
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    Airborne gravity data across Astrid Ridge, East Antarctica (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-01
    Beschreibung: This data set contains airborne gravity data across central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, acquired during the austral summer of 2009/2010 and within the project 'West-East Gondwana Amalgamation and its Separation' (WEGAS). The data span the offshore Astrid Ridge, and parts of the Nivl and Lazarev ice shelves. The survey was conducted using a ZLS Ultrasys Lacoste & Romberg Air/Sea gravimeter S56 installed into - and operated with - the research aircraft Polar 5. Base readings were performed with a handheld gravity meter at the base station Novolazarevskaja and in Cape Town. A ground speed of 130 knots and a time-domain filter of 220 s leads to a spatial resolution of around 7 km. The average crossover error after bias adjustment is 4.2 mGal. When citing this data set, please also cite the associated manuscript: Eisermann, H., Eagles, G. & Jokat, W. Coastal bathymetry in central Dronning Maud Land controls ice shelf stability. Sci Rep 14, 1367 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51882-2.
    Schlagwort(e): AC; airborne gravity; Aircraft; Antarctica; Antarctica, East; Astrid Ridge; DATE/TIME; Event label; Free-air gravity anomaly; Gravity; Height; LATITUDE; Lazarev Ice Shelf; Line; LONGITUDE; Nivl Ice Shelf; PGM17 (NGA's Preliminary Geopotential Model 2017); POLAR 5; WEGAS_2009/10; WEGAS_2009/10_02; WEGAS_2009/10_03; WEGAS_2009/10_04; WEGAS_2009/10_05; WEGAS_2009/10_06; WEGAS_2009/10_07; WEGAS_2009/10_08; WEGAS_2009/10_09; WEGAS_2009/10_10; WEGAS_2009/10_11; WEGAS_2009/10_12; WEGAS_2009/10_13; WEGAS_2009/10_14; WEGAS_2009/10_16; WEGAS_2009/10_17; WEGAS_2009/10_18; WEGAS_2009/10_19; WEGAS_2009/10_20; WEGAS_2009/10_21; WEGAS offshore
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 128088 data points
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  • 75
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    Bathymetric model beneath Nivl and Lazarev ice shelves, and across Astrid Ridge embedded within IBCSOV2 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-01
    Beschreibung: Attached data comprise a bathymetric model of central Dronning Maud Land, including the seabed beneath the Nivl Ice Shelf and the Lazarev Ice Shelf, as well as the offshore Astrid Ridge and adjacent parts of the Riiser-Larsen Sea. Here, this model is embedded within the larger Antarctic-wide bathymetric compilation IBCSOV2 (Dorschel et al., 2022). This is an addition to the stand-alone bathymetric model here: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.961492. The embedded model gives seabed depths relative to WGS84 at a resolution of 2.5 km. It is generated by complementing existing topographic data sets - such as seismic data, ice penetrating radar data, and shipborne hydroacoustic data - with the inversion of airborne gravity data towards bathymetry. The airborne gravity data used for the inversion consist of data acquired during aerogeophysical campaigns VISA from the early 2000s and WEGAS from the austral summer of 2009/2010. When citing this model, please also cite the associated manuscript: Eisermann, H., Eagles, G. & Jokat, W. Coastal bathymetry in central Dronning Maud Land controls ice shelf stability. Sci Rep 14, 1367 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51882-2.
    Schlagwort(e): Antarctica; Bathymetry; BathymetryModel_cDronningMaudLan; Bed elevation; Coordinate, x, relative; Coordinate, y, relative; Dronning Maud Land; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; gravity inversion; LATITUDE; Lazarev Ice Shelf; LONGITUDE; Model; Nivl Ice Shelf; water column
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 206742 data points
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    DATEN PANGAEA
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    X-ray fluorescence (XRF) from ODP Site 138-846 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-05
    Schlagwort(e): 138-846B; 138-846C; AGE; Alkenone; Aluminium oxide; Barium sulfate; Calcium carbonate; Calibrated after Weltje & Tjallingi (2008); Date/Time of event; Depth, composite; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Event label; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Joides Resolution; Latitude of event; Leg138; Longitude of event; Manganese oxide; ODP Site 846; Sample code/label; Sea surface temperature; Silicon dioxide; South Pacific Ocean; Titanium dioxide
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 75384 data points
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  • 77
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    Mass accumulation rate of alkenone (C37) from ODP Site 138-846 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-05
    Schlagwort(e): 138-846; According to Herbert et al. (2021); Accumulation rate, alkenone C37; AGE; Alkenone; Alkenone, C37, logarithm; Calculated; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Joides Resolution; Leg138; ODP Site 846; Sea surface temperature; South Pacific Ocean
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1056 data points
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  • 78
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    Mass accumulation rate of alkenone (C37) from ODP Site 138-849 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-05
    Schlagwort(e): 138-849; According to Herbert et al. (2021); Accumulation rate, alkenone C37; AGE; Alkenone; Alkenone, C37, logarithm; Calculated; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Joides Resolution; Leg138; North Pacific Ocean; ODP Site 846; Sea surface temperature
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 388 data points
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  • 79
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    Mass accumulation rate of alkenone (C37) from IODP Site 321-U1338 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-05
    Schlagwort(e): 321-U1338; According to Herbert et al. (2021); Accumulation rate, alkenone C37; AGE; Alkenone; Alkenone, C37, logarithm; Calculated; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Exp321; Joides Resolution; ODP Site 846; Pacific Equatorial Age Transect II / Juan de Fuca; Sea surface temperature
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 422 data points
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 80
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    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2023-05) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22236 data points
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 81
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    Meteorological synoptical observations from station Syowa (2023-11) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): Anemometer; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Horizontal visibility; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, atmospheric; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Thermometer; Visibility sensor; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 257782 data points
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 82
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    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2023-02) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 25033 data points
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  • 83
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    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2023-04) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 23254 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Dinoflagellate cysts counts of sediment core DP30PC section 8, Gulf of Taranto (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Beschreibung: Dinoflagellate cysts have been determined in sediments of core DP30PC on a resolution of 1 sample per 2.5 mm core depth (representing approximately 3 year) and 119.65 - 180.4 cm core depth. These data form the basis of high temporal resolution temperature and precipitation reconstructions for Roman times between about 200 BCE and 600 CE (ca. 205 BCE - 605 CE).
    Schlagwort(e): 64PE297; Age; Ataxiodinium choane; Bitectatodinium tepikiense; Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Counting, dinoflagellate cysts; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dinoflagellate cyst, other; Dinoflagellate cyst, warm water/cold water, ratio; Dinoflagellate cyst reworked; Discharge index; DP30PC; elements; Impagidinium aculeatum; Impagidinium paradoxum; Impagidinium patulum; Impagidinium plicatum; Impagidinium sphaericum; Impagidinium strialatum; Lingulodinium polyedrum; MARUM; Mediterranean; Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus; Operculodinium israelianum; PC; Pelagia; Piston corer; Polysphaeridium zoharyi; Pseudoschizea spp.; Pyxidinopsis reticulata; Roman Climate Optimum; Spiniferites elongatus; Spiniferites mirabilis; Spiniferites ramosus; Tectatodinium pellitum; Temperature, water; Tuberculodinium vancampoae; volcanic glass shards
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6092 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2021-12) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27270 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2022-01) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 29012 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Meteorological synoptical observations from station Syowa (2022-03) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): Anemometer; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Horizontal visibility; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, atmospheric; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Thermometer; Visibility sensor; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 267840 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Radiosonde measurements from station Syowa (2022-08) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-29
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cosmonauts Sea; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, MEISEI, RS11G; SYO; Syowa; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24245 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 89
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    Unbekannt
    Sample locations and whole rock geochemistry for phosphorite samples from the Cambrian Georgina Basin (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium oxide; Ardmore; Area/locality; Barium oxide; Barr_Creek; Calcium oxide; Cerium; Chromium(III) oxide; Depth, description; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DTREE; Duchess; Dysprosium; Erbium; Europium; Event label; Gadolinium; Georgina Basin; Hole; Holmium; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lanthanum; Laser Ablation; LATITUDE; Lily_Creek; LONGITUDE; Loss on ignition; Lutetium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; Neodymium; Paradise_North; Paradise_South; Phosphate_Hill; Phosphorite; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Praseodymium; Rare-earth elements; ROCK; Rock sample; Samarium; Sample code/label; Sherrin_Creek; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Strontium oxide; Terbium; Thorium; Thulium; Titanium dioxide; Total; Uranium; Whole rock geochemistry; Ytterbium; Yttrium; Zirconium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1327 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Electron microprobe data of carbonate fluorapatite pellets from the Phosphate Hill phosphorite prospect in the Georgina Basin (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium; Aluminium oxide; Barium; Barium oxide; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Cerium; Cerium oxid; Chlorine; Date of determination; Electron micro probe analyser (EMPA); Fluorine; Gadolinium; Gadolinium oxide; Georgina Basin; Iron; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lanthanum; Lanthanum oxide; Laser Ablation; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Magnesium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese; Manganese oxide; Mineral name; Neodymium; Neodymium oxid; Oxygen; Phosphorite; Phosphorus; Phosphorus pentoxide; Sample ID; Silicon; Silicon dioxide; Site; Sodium; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Strontium oxide; Sulfur; Sulfur trioxide; Total; Whole rock geochemistry; Yttrium; Yttrium oxide
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1764 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Aerosol size distribution between 18 and 820 nm at Neumayer III station during the year 2023 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: We continuously measured aerosol size distributions in the range between 18 nm and 820 nm in 64 bit per decade resolution by means of a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS, TSI, i.e. a Series 3080 Electrostatic Classifier equipped with a Differential Mobility Analyzer DMA 3081). The measurements were conducted at the Air Chemistry Observatory (SPUSO) at Neumayer III Station (Antarctica) between 4 August 2023 and 31 December 2023. The data are based on an original 10-minute temporal resolution, submitted as 60-minute averages. Aerosol size distribution measurements are part of the air chemistry long-term observations at Neumayer III. Details about the instrument can be found under "resources" of the corresponding metadata link: https://hdl.handle.net/10013/sensor.81ece554-068a-4c6e-8de5-1ef1944c0156
    Schlagwort(e): aerosol; Air chemistry observatory; Air Chemistry Observatory; Atmospheric Chemistry @ AWI; AWI_AC; AWI_Glac; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Glaciology @ AWI; HEIGHT above ground; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 101.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 105.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 109.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 113.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 117.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 121.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 126.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 131 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 135.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 140.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 145.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 151.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 156.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 162.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 168.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 174.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 18.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 18.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 181.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 187.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 19.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 194.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 20.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 20.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 201.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 209.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 21.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 216.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 22.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 224.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 23.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 232.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 24.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 241.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 25.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 250.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 259.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 25 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 26.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 269 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 27.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 278.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 28.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 289 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 299.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 30 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 31.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 310.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 32.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 322 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 33.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 333.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 34.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 346 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 35.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 358.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 37.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 371.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 38.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 385.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 399.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 40 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 41.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 414.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 42.9 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 429.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 44.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 445.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 46.1 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 461.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 47.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 478.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 49.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 495.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 51.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 514 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 53.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 532.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 55.2 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 552.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 57.3 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 572.5 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 385097 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Whole rock geochemistry of the basement rocks that underlie the Georgina Basin (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium; Aluminium oxide; Antimony; Ardmore; Area/locality; Arsenic; Barium; Barr_Creek; Beryllium; Bismuth; Boron; Cadmium; Caesium; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; DTREE; Duchess; Dysprosium; Erbium; Europium; Gadolinium; Georgina Basin; Hafnium; Holmium; Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Iron; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Lanthanum; Laser Ablation; LATITUDE; Lead-208; Lily_Creek; Lithium; Lithium borate fusion; acid digestion; LONGITUDE; Lutetium; Magnesium; Magnesium oxide; Manganese; Manganese oxide; Molybdenum; Neodymium; Nickel; Niobium; Paradise_North; Paradise_South; Phosphate_Hill; Phosphorite; Phosphorus; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium; Potassium oxide; Praseodymium; Rhenium; ROCK; Rock sample; Rock type; Rubidium; Samarium; Sample ID; Scandium; Sherrin_Creek; Silicon; Silicon dioxide; Sodium; Sodium oxide; Strontium; Tantalum; Tellurium; Terbium; Thallium; Thorium; Thulium; Tin; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Total; Uranium; Vanadium; Whole rock geochemistry; Ytterbium; Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 837 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Aerosol light absorption coefficients and black carbon concentrations at Neumayer for the year 2023 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-09
    Beschreibung: We operate a multi angle absorption photometer MAAP (Model 5012, Thermo Electron Corp.). which is in operation since March 2006 ongoing. This instrument measures atmospheric light absorption by aerosol (mainly caused by black carbon, BC). To this end, ambient aerosol was sampled on a glass filter tape. The measured absorption coefficients abs(637) refer to a wavelength of 637 nm. Raw data were originally sampled in one-minute resolution. Finally, hourly averaged MAAP data are presented here. We also provide BC concentrations (ng/m³) derived from the absorption coefficients using the specific BC attenuation cross section (QBC) of 6.6 m²/g.
    Schlagwort(e): aerosol; Aerosol absorption at 637 nm; AIRCHEM; Air chemistry observatory; Atmospheric chemistry; Atmospheric Chemistry @ AWI; AWI_AC; Black carbon, aerosol; DATE/TIME; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Duration; HEIGHT above ground; Multi angle absorption spectrometer MAAP5012; Neumayer_based; Neumayer_SPUSO; NEUMAYER III; Spuso; SPUSO
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 26274 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Aerosol size distribution between 90 and 5000 nm at Neumayer III station during the year 2023 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-09
    Beschreibung: We continuously measured aerosol size distributions in the range between 90 nm and 5000 nm in 64 bit resolution with an optical particle sizer (TSI LAS3340). The measurements were conducted at the Air Chemistry Observatory (SPUSO) at Neumayer III Station (Antarctica) between 1 January 2023 and 10 July 2023. The data rely on an original 10-minute temporal resolution and are finally submitted as 60-minute averages. Aerosol size distribution measurements are part of the air chemistry long-term observations at Neumayer III. Details about the instrument can be found under "resources" of the corresponding metadata link: https://hdl.handle.net/10013/sensor.5d9a9253-e118-4744-be3a-05f31551314a.
    Schlagwort(e): aerosol; Air chemistry observatory; Air Chemistry Observatory; Atmospheric Chemistry @ AWI; AWI_AC; AWI_Glac; DATE/TIME; Date/time end; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Glaciology @ AWI; HEIGHT above ground; las3340; Laser Aerosol Spectrometer TSI LAS3340; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1008.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 105.29 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1074.15 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 112.11 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1143.74 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 119.38 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1217.84 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 127.11 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1296.74 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 135.34 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1380.74 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 144.11 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1470.19 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 153.45 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1565.43 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 163.39 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1666.85 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 173.97 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1774.83 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 185.24 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 1889.81 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 197.25 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2012.24 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 210.03 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2142.6 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 223.63 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2281.41 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 238.12 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2429.21 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 253.55 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2586.58 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 269.97 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2754.15 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 287.46 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 2932.57 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 306.08 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 3122.55 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 325.91 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 3324.84 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 347.02 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 3540.24 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 369.51 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 3769.59 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 393.45 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 4013.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 418.93 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 4273.82 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 446.08 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 4550.7 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 474.98 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 4845.51 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 505.75 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 538.51 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 573.4 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 610.54 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 650.09 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 692.21 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 737.05 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 784.8 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 835.64 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 889.78 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 92.87 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 947.42 nm; Log-normal particle size distribution, normalized concentration at particle diameter 98.89 nm; Neumayer; Neumayer_based; Neumayer_SPUSO; NEUMAYER III; size distribution; Spuso; SPUSO; Time in minutes
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 300234 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Aerosol absorption coefficients at seven wavelengths measured at Neumayer station in 2023 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: We operate a 7-wavelength aethalometer (Model AE33, Magee Scientific) which is in operation since 23 January 2019 ongoing. The Aethalometer model AE33 collects aerosol particles continuously by drawing the aerosol-laden air stream through a spot on the filter tape. It analyzes the aerosol by measuring the transmission of light through one portion of the filter tape containing the sample, versus the transmission through an unloaded portion of the filter tape acting as a reference area. This analysis is done at seven optical wavelengths spanning the range from the near-infrared to the near-ultraviolet. The Aethalometer calculates the instantaneous concentration of optically-absorbing aerosols from the rate of change of the attenuation of light transmitted through the particle-laden filter.
    Schlagwort(e): aerosol; Aerosol absorption at 370 nm; Aerosol absorption at 470 nm; Aerosol absorption at 520 nm; Aerosol absorption at 590 nm; Aerosol absorption at 660 nm; Aerosol absorption at 880 nm; Aerosol absorption at 950 nm; aerosol absorption coefficient; Aethalometer, AE33, Magee Scientific; Air chemistry observatory; Air Chemistry Observatory; Atmospheric Chemistry @ AWI; AWI_AC; DATE/TIME; Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica; Duration; HEIGHT above ground; Neumayer_based; Neumayer_SPUSO; NEUMAYER III; Neumayer Station; Spuso; SPUSO
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 131400 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Meteorological synoptical observations from station Lindenberg (2022-04) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Meteorologisches Observatorium Potsdam
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-02
    Schlagwort(e): Anemometer; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Code; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Germany; HYGRO; Hygrometer; LIN; Lindenberg; Monitoring station; MONS; Past weather1; Past weather2; Present weather; Pressure, atmospheric; Station pressure; Temperature, air; Thermometer; Total cloud amount; Visual observation; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6265 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Expanded measurements from station Lindenberg (2022-04) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Meteorologisches Observatorium Potsdam
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-02
    Schlagwort(e): Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; Cloud base height; DATE/TIME; Germany; LIN; Lindenberg; Monitoring station; MONS
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3422 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Radiosonde measurements from station Lindenberg (2022-04) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Meteorologisches Observatorium Potsdam
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-02
    Schlagwort(e): ALTITUDE; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; Dew/frost point; Germany; LIN; Lindenberg; Monitoring station; MONS; Pressure, at given altitude; Radiosonde, Vaisala, RS41; Temperature, air; Wind direction; Wind speed
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 782989 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 99
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    Unbekannt
    Ozone measurements from station Izaña (2024-01) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-08
    Schlagwort(e): Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; IZA; Izaña; Monitoring station; MONS; Ozone total; Tenerife, Spain
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1663 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Ultra-violet measurements from station Izaña (2024-01) (2024)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-08
    Schlagwort(e): Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; HEIGHT above ground; IZA; Izaña; Monitoring station; MONS; Tenerife, Spain; Ultraviolet-a global; Ultraviolet-a global, maximum; Ultraviolet-a global, minimum; Ultraviolet-a global, standard deviation; Ultraviolet-b global; Ultraviolet-b global, maximum; Ultraviolet-b global, minimum; Ultraviolet-b global, standard deviation; UV-Radiometer, Kipp & Zonen, UVB1, SN 970839, WRMC No. 61007; UV-Radiometer, Kipp & Zonen, UV-S-A-T, SN 080005, WRMC No. 61006
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 356432 data points
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN PANGAEA
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