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  • Chemistry  (27,165)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (6,789)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (36,170)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 101
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    Magnetic field observations near Venus - Preliminary results from Mariner 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The NASA-GSFC magnetic field experiment on Mariner 10 is the first flight of a dual magnetometer system conceived to permit accurate measurements of weak magnetic fields in space in the presence of a significant and variable spacecraft magnetic field. Results from a preliminary analysis of a limited data set are summarized in this report, which is restricted primarily to Venus encounter. A detached bow shock wave that develops as the super Alfvenic solar wind interacts with the Venusian atmosphere has been observed. However, the unique coincidence of trajectory position and interplanetary field orientation at the time of bow shock crossing led to a very disturbed shock profile with considerably enhanced upstream magnetic fluctuations. At present it is not possible to ascertain the nature and characteristics of the obstacle responsible for deflecting the solar wind flow. Far downstream disturbances associated with the solar wind wake have been observed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 29
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  • 102
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    Observations at Venus encounter by the plasma science experiment on Mariner 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary results from the rearward-looking electrostatic analyzer of the plasma science experiment during the Mariner 10 encounter with Venus are described. They show that the solar-wind interaction with the planet probably involves a bow shock rather than an extended exosphere, but that this is not a thin boundary at the point where it was crossed by Mariner 10. An observed reduction in the flux of electrons with energies greater than 100 electron volts is interpreted as evidence for some direct interaction with the exosphere. Unusual intermittent features observed downstream of the planet indicate the presence of a comet-like tail hundreds of scale lengths in length.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 29
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  • 103
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    The ionospheres of Mars and Venus (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations made by spacecraft in the Mariner and Venera series have provided considerable knowledge of the structure of the ionospheres and atmospheres of Mars and Venus. This paper begins with brief but complete discussions of these measurements and their interpretations. The principles for constructing models of ionospheres are presented from the standpoint of mass, momentum, and energy conservation. The relevant ion chemistry is presented, and the meaning and use of plasma scale heights are discussed. The models discussed are the model of Cloutier and co-workers; the models of Banks and Axford, of Whitten, and of Herman and co-workers; the model developed by McElroy and Strobel to account for the nighttime ionosphere of Venus; and the models developed by a number of investigators for the thermal structure of the Martian and Venusian ionospheres.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 12; May 1974
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  • 104
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Pressure-altitude measurements on Mars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ultraviolet spectrometer measurements of the reflectance at 3050 A are modeled to give pressure-altitudes for Mars assuming a quiescent atmosphere. Ultraviolet light that is Rayleigh-scattered by the Mars molecular atmosphere, with allowance for uniform turbidity, is proportional to surface pressure independent of atmospheric temperature structure. All model constants except the over-all scaling factors are found by requiring ultraviolet spectrometer pressures of 47 locations on the planet to be the same when measured at different geometries. The overall scaling factor is found by intercomparison with Mariner 9 occultation pressures. Comparison with other Mars pressure-altitude measurements show deviations from the assumption of uniform turbidity to occur over the Hesperia plateau for ultraviolet measurements obtained during the 13-26 February 1972 time period.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 21; Mar. 197
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  • 105
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    Computation of transonic flow about lifting wing-cylinder combinations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some results are described for a lifting rectangular wing centrally located on a circular-cylindrical body. This simple configuration has been utilized in order to assess the merits of a mapping technique for wing-body configurations. The procedure employed makes use of a coordinate transformation to simplify specification of the surface boundary condition in the computation of the flow about the wing. The method can be extended to incorporate wing sweep, finite length body of noncircular cross section, and arbitrary wing placement; however, these extensions involve a considerable increase in complexity of the problem.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 106
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    Extraterrestrial solar spectrum, 3000-6100 A at 1-A intervals (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Standard values of the solar constant and extraterrestrial solar spectrum are reviewed. In the visible and near UV, this listing of average irradiance over 100-A bandwidths at 50-A intervals was found to be inadequate for many applications. A more detailed spectrum obtained from solar scans with a Perkin-Elmer, Model 112 monochromator was found to give sufficient detail. A normalization program was developed to make the Perkin-Elmer curve agree with the standard curve. Values of extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance at 1-A intervals in the range 3000-6100 A have been derived. The results are presented in tabular form and as spectral charts.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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  • 107
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    Interplanetary and near-Jupiter meteoroid environments - Preliminary results from the meteoroid detection experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data on interplanetary and near-Jupiter micrometer-sized particle encounters from the meteoroid-detection experiment on Pioneer 10 indicate that Jupiter is much 'dustier' than interplanetary space. Whereas the near-earth particulate flux showed very little increase over the interplanetary flux, the near-Jupiter penetration flux was over two orders of magnitude higher than the interplanetary flux.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 108
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    The electron diffusion coefficient in Jupiter's magnetosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A steady-state model of Jupiter's electron radiation belt is developed. The model includes injection from the solar wind, radial diffusion, energy degradation by synchrotron radiation, and absorption at Jupiter's surface. A diffusion coefficient of the form D sub RR/R sub J squared = k times R to the m-th power is assumed, and then observed data on synchrotron radiation are used to fit the model. The free parameters determined from this fit are m = 1.95 plus or minus 0.5, k = 1.7 plus or minus 0.5 x 10 to the 9th power per sec, and the magnetic moment of injected particles equals 770 plus or minus 300 MeV/G. The value of m shows quite clearly that the diffusion is not caused by magnetic pumping by a variable solar wind or by a fluctuating convection electric field. The process might be field line exchange driven by atmospheric-ionospheric winds; our diffusion coefficient has roughly the same radial dependence but is considerably smaller in magnitude than the upper bound diffusion coefficients recently suggested for this process by Brice and McDonough (1973) and Jacques and Davis (1972).
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Jan. 1
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  • 109
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    Energetic particle population in the Jovian magnetosphere - A preliminary note (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary account of energetic particle measurements conducted by the Pioneer 10 spacecraft during approach to Jupiter in November and December 1973. Graphs illustrate electron and proton flux levels as a function of distance from the planet for different particle energy intervals. Times of predicted equatorial crossing are marked along with positions corresponding to the bowshock, magnetopause, and other features. The general patterns of particle distribution in the Jovian vicinity are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 110
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    A vortex entrainment model applied to slender delta wings (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A mathematical model of the vortex flow over a slender sharp-edged delta wing is proposed, and is shown to provide good agreement with the experiment. Although the technique requires experimental data in the form of the vortex core locations, it does account for the previously ignored mass entrainment of the vortex core.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 111
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    Extraction of derivatives from flight data for several aircraft, using the LRC interactive computer system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of a procedure for estimating stability and control parameters from flight data, by using maximum likelihood methods employing an interactive computer system, which was established at the NASA Langley Research Center. Problems encountered are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 49-76
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  • 112
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    Identification of aircraft stability and control derivatives in the presence of turbulence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A maximum likelihood estimator for a linear system with state and observation noise is developed to determine stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in the presence of turbulence. The formulation for the longitudinal short-period mode is presented briefly, including a special case that greatly simplifies the problem if the measurement noise on one signal is negligible. The effectiveness and accuracy of the technique are assessed by applying it first to simulated flight data, in which the true parameter values and state noise are known, then to actual flight data obtained in turbulence. The results are compared with data obtained in smooth air and with wind-tunnel data. The complete maximum likelihood estimator, which accounts for both state and observation noise, is shown to give the most accurate estimate of the stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in turbulence. It is superior to the techniques that ignores state noise and to the simplified method that neglects the measurement noise on the angle-of-attack signal.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 77-114
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  • 113
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    A comparison of two methods of extracting stability derivatives from flight test data (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two methods for extracting stability derivatives from flight data are compared. A modified Newton-Raphson quasilinearization minimization technique and a digital-analog (hybrid) matching technique were used to analyze the same data maneuvers obtained from two aircraft. About 70 maneuvers from an F-111E aircraft were analyzed over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 2.0 and an angle of attack range of 3 to 19 degrees. About 20 maneuvers were analyzed for the X-24A lifting body at Mach numbers of 0.5, 0.8, and 0.9, and an angle of attack range of 4 to 13 degrees. Stability derivatives were extracted from these maneuvers and the results from the two techniques, along with wind tunnel results, were compared.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 43-48
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  • 114
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    Appendix B: Specimen 72255 documentation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three documented pieces broke away from specimen 72255 during transport. Samples 72255,1 to 72255,9 were assigned numbers during examination, samples 72255,3 to 72255,6 and 72255,9 were placed in storage, and the remainder were distributed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 179-191
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  • 115
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    Correlation for estimating vortex rotational velocity downstream dependence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a correlation, derived from water tank measurements in the wake of wings towed under water, that makes it possible to predict the downstream distance behind an aircraft in flight where its trailing vortex will begin to decay. Comparisons of measured and predicted data are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 116
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    Roll-up of aircraft trailing vortices using artificial viscosity (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The artificial viscosity method of Kuwahara and Takami (1973) is used to calculate the roll-up of trailing vortices behind a number of practical aerodynamic configurations. Where possible, the results are compared for core location with available experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 117
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    Some magnetic null lines of astrophysical interest. II (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A list of magnetic null lines from selected spectroscopic analyses is presented for possible use in detailed studies of magnetic Ap stars. The presented data represent an extension of the magnetic null lines whose usefulness Shore and Adelman (1974) have recently demonstrated for the study of the overall physical conditions prevailing in the atmospheres of peculiar A stars and for testing the consequences of the mechanism of selective elemental diffusion.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
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  • 118
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    CH and CH/+/ in interstellar clouds (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recycling and loss rates for a typical interstellar cloud are considered, giving attention to disagreements concerning some of the production rates. It is pointed out that the formation rate of CH(+) via vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules exceeds in many situations rates of other processes. In low density clouds comparable amounts of CH and CH(+) are produced when the fast dissociative recombination rate is used.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society; vol. 168
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  • 119
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    Studies of hydrodynamic events in stellar evolution. III Ejection of planetary nebulae (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Investigation of the dynamic behavior of the hydrogen-rich envelope (0.101 solar mass) of an evolved star (1.1 solar mass) as the luminosity rises to 19,000 solar luminosities during the second ascent of the red-giant branch. For luminosities in the range 3100 less than L less than 19,000 solar luminosities the H-rich envelope pulsates like a long-period variable (LPV) with periods of the order of a year. As L reaches 19,000 solar luminosities, the entire H-rich envelope is ejected as a shell with speeds of a few times 10 km sec. The ejection occurs on a time scale of a few LPV pulsation periods. This ejection is shown to be related to the formation of a planetary nebula. The computations are based on an implicit hydrodynamic computer code. Tand rho-dependent opacities and excitation and ionization energies are included. As the H-rich envelope is accelerated off the stellar core, the gap between envelope and core is approximated by a vacuum filled with radiation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 1
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  • 120
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    Far-infrared emission from H II regions. II - Multicolor photometry of selected sources and 2.2 min resolution maps of M42 and NGC 2024 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Medium- and broad-bandwidth photometric measurements have been made of seven compact H II regions at wavelengths between 30 and 650 microns. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the far-infrared flux is continuum radiation from dust grains. Color temperatures range from 33 to 85 K. For most of the sources, the infrared flux is low enough so that the dust could conceivably be mixed with the ionized gas. In at least one case, however, the far-infrared spectrum and luminosity of the source cannot be reconciled with reasonable grain models unless the far-infrared flux comes from a shell surrounding the H II region. M42 (Orion) and NGC 2024 (Orion B) have been mapped at 90 microns with a resolution (half-power beam diameter) of 2.2 min. Although the peak far-infrared brightness in M42 occurs at the position of the Kleinmann-Low infrared nebula, most of the flux originates in a more extended (about 6 x 8 min) source. The energy for the diffuse component could be supplied by the stars in the Trapezium cluster. However, the single early-type star visible in NGC 2024 is not luminous enough to account for either the infrared flux or the observed free-free flux.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 1
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  • 121
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    Jupiter after Pioneer - A progress report (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In December 1973, Pioneer 10 became the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Jupiter. The spacecraft passed through the Jovian magnetosphere in two weeks and sent back more than 300 pictures of the big planet. Measurements were conducted of EM fields, energetic particles, and micrometeoroids. Radio occultations observed are discussed along with observations in the infrared and ultraviolet range, magnetic measurements, questions of trajectory analysis, and data obtained with the aid of a plasma analyzer. Pioneer 10 has confirmed as inescapable the fact that Jupiter radiates more energy than it receives from the sun.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 251; Sept. 6
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  • 122
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    Observations at Mercury encounter by the plasma science experiment on Mariner 10 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A fully developed bow shock and magnetosheath were observed near Mercury, providing unambiguous evidence for a strong interaction between Mercury and the solar wind. Inside the sheath there is a distinct region analogous to the magnetosphere or magnetotail of earth, populated by electrons with lower density and higher temperature than the electrons observed in the solar wind or magnetosheath. At the time of encounter, conditions were such that a perpendicular shock was observed on the inbound leg and a parallel shock was observed on the outbound leg of the trajectory, and energetic plasma electron events were detected upstream from the outbound shock crossing. The interaction is most likely not atmospheric, but the data clearly indicate that the obstacle to solar wind flow is magnetic, either intrinsic or induced.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 123
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    Mercury's atmosphere from Mariner 10 - Preliminary results (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of data obtained by the ultraviolet experiment on Mariner 10 indicates that Mercury is surrounded by a thin atmosphere consisting in part of helium. The partial pressure of helium at the terminator is about 5 trillionths of a millibar. The total surface pressure of the atmosphere is less than about 2 billionths of a millibar. Upper limits are set for the abundance of various gases, including hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, argon, neon, and xenon. The wavelength dependence of Mercury's surface albedo is similar to that of the moon over a broad range of wavelengths from 500 to 1600 A. Strong signals were recorded by the airglow instrument as Mariner 10 passed through the cavity behind Mercury. They are as yet unexplained but may provide information on the properties of the local plasma.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 124
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    Mercury's surface - Preliminary description and interpretation from Mariner 10 pictures (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The surface morphology and optical properties of Mercury resemble those of the moon in remarkable detail and record a very similar sequence of events. Chemical and mineralogical similarity of the outer layers of Mercury and the moon is implied; Mercury is probably a differentiated planet with a large iron-rich core. Differentiation is inferred to have occurred very early. No evidence of atmospheric modification of landforms has been found. Large-scale scarps and ridges unlike lunar or Martian features may reflect a unique period of planetary compression near the end of heavy bombardment by small planetesimals.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 125
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    Preliminary infrared radiometry of the night side of Mercury from Mariner 10 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The infrared radiometer on Mariner 10 measured the thermal emission from the planet with a spatial resolution element as small as 40 kilometers in a broad wavelength band centered at 45 micrometers. The minimum brightness temperature (near local midnight) in these near-equatorial scans was 100 K. Along the track observed, the temperature declined steadily from local sunset to near midnight, behaving as would be expected for a homogeneous, porous material with a thermal inertia only slightly larger than that of the moon. From near midnight to dawn, however, the temperature fluctuated over a range of about 10 K.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 126
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    Infrared photometry of Titan (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A set of observations of Titan at wavelengths from 1.6 through 34 microns shows that Titan has a remarkably low albedo near 1.6 micron. Thermal flux observations for 10 years at 10.6 microns and for 5 years at 21 microns suggest that the thermal properties of Titan remained constant over this period and are independent of phase. Narrowband photometry between 17 and 25 microns does not indicate the presence of a structure characteristic of a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. An atmospheric model consistent with the observations is proposed for Titan.-
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 15
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  • 127
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    The widths of the solar He I and He II lines at 584, 537, and 304 A (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 15
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  • 128
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    A new measurement of the Hercules X-1 X-ray pulse profile (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Report on measurements of a triple-peaked 1.24-sec pulse profile in a 1-minute rocket-borne exposure to Her X-1, in contrast to the double-peaked profiles expected from models which maximize the X-ray emission at the magnetic equator of an accreting neutron star. The profile exhibits statistically significant energy dependence, with the emission greater than about 12 keV having narrower peaks which appear to lag (by approximately 5% of the pulse period) the corresponding peaks at lower energies. Approximately one-third of the total emission from the source is nonpulsed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 15
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  • 129
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    Ultraviolet photometry from the orbiting astronomical observatory. XV - The strongly magnetic variable HD 215441 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Wisconsin Experiment Package on OAO-2 was used to obtain light curves of the strongly magnetic, variable Ap star HD 215441 over the wavelength range 1550 to 4250 A. This star is characterized by a lack of outstanding spectrum variability at wavelengths accessible from the ground, while undergoing UBV photometric variations of large amplitude. The observations of HD 215441 demonstrate that an Ap star need not be a striking spectrum variable at blue-visible wavelengths for its photometric variations to be controlled by opacity variations in the ultraviolet.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 1
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  • 130
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    The enhancement of ultraviolet line opacities in the atmospheres of peculiar A stars (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 32; 3, Ma; May 1974
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  • 131
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    Real-time shipboard orbit determination using Kalman filtering techniques (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The real-time tracking and orbit determination program used on board the NASA tracking ship, the USNS Vanguard, is described in this paper. The computer program uses a variety of filtering algorithms, including an extended Kalman filter, to derive real-time orbit determinations (position-velocity state vectors) from shipboard tracking and navigation data. Results from Apollo missions are given to show that orbital parameters can be estimated quickly and accurately using these methods.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; July 197
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  • 132
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    Apollo drill core depth relationships (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary depth relationships are presented for the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 drill core samples. For a given depth in any of these drill stems, the in situ lunar surface depth can be estimated. Ranges of uncertainty are also established, based on percent core recovery and degree of sample disturbance. The most likely explanation for the sample disturbance observed in the top three sections of the Apollo 16 drill stem is sample migration after the stem was capped on the lunar surface; essentially no sample was lost. Similar disturbance occurred in the Apollo 17 drill core, although to a lesser degree. The average original bulk densities (i.e., before any disturbance occurred) of the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 drill cores are 1.76, 1.59, and 1.87 g/cu cm, respectively. The Apollo 15 and 17 values are probably close to the in situ values; but the Apollo 16 average in situ density could be as much as 13% less than the already low density in the drill core.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Moon; 10; June 197
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  • 133
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    Influence of ablation impurities on blunt body re-entry ionization (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electron density profiles which include the effect of an ablated sodium impurity were computed for the boundary layer on a blunt-nosed body re-entering the atmosphere at 7.62 km/sec. Profiles are computed from the nose to a distance of four diameters along the RAM C-payload. A finite-difference, laminar, nonequilibrium chemistry boundary-layer program was used. Comparison of theory with S-band diagnostic antenna results, electron concentration deduced from X- and C-band attenuation data, and Langmuir probe data at several different aft body locations show that agreement is good at high altitude. At the lower altitudes there is disagreement between theory and S-band antenna data where the apparent discrepancy is attributed to the three-body recombination rate constant used for deionization of sodium coupled with the effect of angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; June 197
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  • 134
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    High-spectral-resolution measurements of the H I 1216 and Mg II 2800 emissions from Arcturus (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High-spectral-resolution scans of H I 1216 and Mg II 2796, 2803 obtained using the ultraviolet spectrometer abroad the Copernicus satellite show broad and very asymmetrical emission profiles. The ratio of the line widths to the solar values is consistent with a law similar to the Wilson-Bappu relation for the calcium K reversal. A fit of the interstellar absorption profile indicates that the average H density toward this nearby star is low, 0.02-0.1 per cu cm.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 188; Mar. 15
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  • 135
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    Transitions 2s/2/ 2p/k/ - 2s 2p/k+1/ of the F I, O I, and N I isoelectronic sequences (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Transitions of the type 2s/2/ 2p/k/ - 2s 2p/k+1/ have been identified for the elements from titanium through nickel for ions of the fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen isoelectronic sequences. Wavelengths, visual intensity estimates, and energies are given. The energy differences of levels of the ground configuration are compared with predictions based on semiempirical equations derived by Edlen. Some of the lines of these isoelectronic sequences should be strong lines in solar-flare spectra.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 188; Mar. 1
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  • 136
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    Interpretation of epsilon Aurigae. II - Infrared excess, secondary light variations, and plausible formation of a planetary system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Infrared excess based on the disk model proposed in a previous paper was computed. It was found that the disk alone will emit infrared radiation below the margin of detection. However, if individual condensations are present, the combined result of the disk proper and the condensations yields results of infrared excesses that are consistent with observations. The presence of condensations also makes the secondary light variation understandable. An elementary theory is developed that analyzes such light variations. The result of the analysis yields the size of the orbit of the condensation around the secondary component.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Jan. 1
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  • 137
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    Solar luminosity variations and the climate of Mars (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Attempts to resolve the solar neutrino flux problem have led to suggestions of large scale oscillations in the solar luminosity on a geological time scale. A simple climatological model of Mars indicates that its climate may be much more sensitive to luminosity changes than the earth's because of strong positive feedback mechanisms at work on Mars. Mariner-9 photographs of Mars show an abundance of large sinuous channels that point to an epoch of higher atmospheric pressures and abundant liquid water. Such an epoch could have been the result of large-scale, solar luminosity variations. However, our climatological model suggests that other less controversial mechanisms, such as obliquity or polar albedo changes, also could have led to such an epoch. As more becomes known about Mars, it may prove possible to formulate a history of Martian climate. By discovering effects that cannot be due to other mechanisms one may be able to form a chronology of solar luminosity variations to compare with data from the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 287-294
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  • 138
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    Apparent relationship between solar-sector boundaries and 300-mb vorticity: Possible explanation in terms of upward propagation of planetary-scale waves (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The selection process for sector structure boundary crossings used in vorticity correlation studies is examined and the possible influence of ascending planetary scale waves is assessed. It is proposed that some of the observed correlations between geomagnetic and meteorological variations may be due to meteorological effects on the geometric variables, rather than due to common solar origin.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 260-265
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  • 139
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    Some after-dinner reflections on system identification (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The growth of the field of system identification is discussed along with changes in methodology which have taken place in recent years. The similarity between pattern recognition and system identification is pointed out, involving the modelling in the latter and the feature selection problem in the former. It is stated that once a model is formulated, including the disturbances and measurement errors, the parameter finding can be formulated as a statistical estimation problem. The various techniques and their application are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 381-385
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  • 140
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    Systems identification - reprise and projections (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A state-of-the-arts review is given for the field of system identification. Progress in the field is traced from the early models of dynamic systems by Sir Isaac Newton up to the present day use of advanced techniques for numerous applications.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 375-379
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  • 141
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    A new criterion for modeling systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The criterion that is proposed is an expected value of the mean square response error as an alternative to testing a model against new data. Modeling with respect to this new criterion does not change the estimate for a given model format from a maximum likelihood estimate or mean square response error estimate. The new criterion does, however, provide a means of comparing models with different formats and varying complexity. A numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed criteria and the problem of searching for the best model. For all but the most trivial system identification problems, it is shown that a prohibitive number of combinations of terms of the model must be investigated to ensure the final model is best.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 291-313
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  • 142
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    Effects of flight instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An error analysis program based on an output error estimation method was used to evaluate the effects of sensor and instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed using simulated flight data for a high performance military aircraft, a large commercial transport, and a small general aviation aircraft for typical cruise flight conditions. The effects of varying the input sequence and combinations of the sensor and instrumentation errors were investigated. The results indicate that both the parameter accuracy and the corresponding measurement trajectory fit error can be significantly affected. Of the error sources considered, instrumentation lags and control measurement errors were found to be most significant.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 261-280
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  • 143
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    Nonlinear parameter identification: Ballistic range experience applicable to flight testing (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The parameter identification scheme being used is a differential correction least squares procedure (Gauss-Newton method). The position, orientation, and derivatives of these quantities with respect to the parameters of interest (i.e., sensitivity coefficients) are determined by digital integration of the equations of motion and the parametric differential equations. The application of this technique to three vastly different sets of data is used to illustrate the versatility of the method and to indicate some of the problems that still remain.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 191-195
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  • 144
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    A preliminary report on the magnetic measurements of samples 72275 and 72255 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The direction and magnitude of natural remanent magnetization of five approximately 3-g subsamples of 72275 and 72255 and the high field saturation magnetization, coercive force, and isothermal remanent magnetization of 100-mg chip from each of these samples, were studied. Given an understanding of the magnetization processes, group 1 experiments provide information about the absolute direction of the ancient magnetizing field and a qualitative estimate of its size (paleointensity). The group 2 experiments yield a quantitative estimate of the iron content and a qualitative ideal of the grain sizes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 153-156
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  • 145
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    Spectral reflectance of 72275 from Boulder 1, Station 2, Apollo 17 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spectral reflectance measurements were made of samples 72275,103 (chip) and 72275,98 (saw cuttings). Both the chips and the cuttings consist mainly of friable feldspathic breccia. Sample 72275,103, a chip taken from eastend piece 72275,27, is rich in gray polymict breccia. The saw cuttings were derived from the entire rock, but they are probably strongly biased toward the friable feldspathic matrix material that has been preferentially disaggregated. The spectra of both samples show two prominent absorption bands arising from Fe2(+) in pyroxene. The depths of these bands are large enough to preclude the presence of much glass or opaque material in the samples. From the spectral properties alone, it is clear that the samples are not soil breccias nor vitric breccias, as, of course, has been verified by petrography. The wavelengths of the principal absorption bands plot on the pyroxene trend, indicating that orthopyroxene is spectrally dominant.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 157-160
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  • 146
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    U-Th-Pb systematics (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The following boulder samples are analyzed for U, Th, and Pb concentrations and for Pb isotopic compositions: 72275,53/matrix; 72275,73/matrix; 72275,81/dark rind, clast #1; 72275,117/white interior, clast #1; 72255,49/Civet Cat clast; 72255,54/light gray matrix; and 72255,67/dark gray matrix.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 145-148
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  • 147
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    Preliminary results of experiments to duplicate Boulder textures by thermal sintering of powders (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Experiments seem to indicate that at the low pressures characteristic of an ejecta blanket, sintering or sintering/devitrification could have lithified boulder 1 matrix materials and produced the textural types observed in 72255 and 72275. This very preliminary conclusion is consistent with other observations that granitic clasts have undergone a slight degree of partial melting (and have therefore experienced temperatures on the order of 1000 C). It is concluded that maskelynite in the boulder is completely devitrified.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples From Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 111-120
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  • 148
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    Petrology (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Boulder 1 as a whole can be considered a complex polymict breccia consisting of lithic and breccia clasts seated in a matrix that ranges from friable and poorly sintered to densely welded. Only two of the four samples collected from boulder 1, Station 2 have been examined in detail: 72255 and 72275. Of the remaining two, only two undocumented thin sections from 72235 have been studied, while none from 72215 has been examined. Sample 72275 was collected as representative of the boulder matrix, whereas the other three samples were thought to be large clasts.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples From Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 35-109
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  • 149
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    Morphology and surface mapping (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Of the many boulders photographed at the Apollo 17 site, boulder 1 from Station 2 is unique in having a strongly developed foliation. Resistant layers form four steeply inclined ridges separated by joint planes or by deeply eroded beds of softer materials. A prominent cleavage, or set of cross joints, is oriented almost normal to the foliation. The cleavage is expressed as subparallel cracks, some of which are open fissures. The entire surface of the boulder is rough and studded by dark colored knobs ranging in diameter from 1 to 15 cm. It is a polymict breccia containing at least one type of rock that has not been recognized in any other lunar sample, and it records an unusual minor element distribution and magnetic history.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples From Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 9-33
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  • 150
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    Astronautics in past and future (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The contributions of Oberth in the development of rocket technology as a basis for the conduction of manned and unmanned space flights are considered, giving attention also to other rocket pioneers, including Ziolkowski, Ganswindt, von Hoefft, and Goddard. Early stages in rocket development in Germany, Russia, and the U.S. are examined. The launching of Sputnik I in October 1957 was the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind. The start of this new era of space exploration and space utilization comes at a time when the limited resources of the earth begin to impose severe restrictions upon the continuing growth of human technology and civilization. It is predicted that the new space technology will provide the means for overcoming these restrictions. Future space programs, which are partly based on the development of the space shuttle, are discussed, taking into account the international aspects of the new plans for the utilization and the study of space.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronautik; 11; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 151
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    The structure and circulation of the deep Venus atmosphere (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple model for the structure of a nonrotating Hadley regime in an atmosphere with large thermal inertia is developed. The radiative fluxes are estimated by using a linearization about the radiative equilibrium state, and the dynamical fluxes are estimated by using scaling analysis. The requirement that differential heating by these fluxes be in balance in both the meridional and vertical directions leads to two equations for the mean static stability and meridional temperature contrast. The solution depends on two parameters: the strength of the radiative heating, as measured by the static stability of the radiative equilibrium state; and the ratio of the time it takes an external gravity wave to traverse the atmosphere to the time it would take the atmosphere to cool off radiatively. It is shown that it is not necessary to invoke convection to explain the approximate adiabatic lapse rate in the Venus atmosphere, but a greenhouse effect is necessary to explain the high surface temperatures.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 31; Sept
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  • 152
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    Note on ultraviolet hydroxyl observations of Comet Kohoutek (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of hydroxyl (OH) emission from Comet Kohoutek were made during the evening of 24 January 1974, from an altitude of 41,000 feet. The comet, of visual magnitude 5.5 at the time of observation, was photographed with an f/1.3 Maksutov slitless spectrograph of 150-mm aperture. This spectrograph used a double quartz prism as the dispersion element to isolate the OH radiation in the low-resolution spectrum. A nearly spherical coma of OH about three arc minutes diameter, as observed from an earth-comet distance of 0.88 AV, was photographed. The OH emission was the strongest feature in the spectrum and produced an irradiance of 3 billionths erg per sq cm per sec at the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
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  • 153
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    The optical absorption of solid grains in astrophysical environments (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The optical absorptivity of grains of solid material in infrared sources is investigated by the comparison of calculated and observed temperatures and distances of the grains from the source of illumination. It is found that for the few sources for which appropriate measurements have been made, the calculated distances of blackbody particles agree well with the measured values - a result which could lead to misleading conclusions about grain properties. The ratio of optical absorptivity to infrared emissivity is calculated for several sources taking into account expected effects of real grain materials. The measured angular size of dust shells surrounding stars can lead to information about the optical properties of grains under astrophysical conditions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
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  • 154
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    Gamma ray astronomy (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The various source mechanisms for celestial gamma rays are reviewed. The gamma-ray data are examined as a source of information about the processes and source locations for the production of charged particle cosmic rays, galactic structure, explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae, regions of confinement for cosmic rays, regions where matter-antimatter annihilation occurs, and the general condition in cosmological space both in the past and present. Topics include gamma rays from pi mesons by nuclear interactions, nuclear and supernovae lines, diffuse emission and discrete sources, interstellar absorption and detection of gamma rays, and others. A brief view of the available gamma-ray detection systems and techniques is presented.
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  • 155
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    Solar coronal holes as sources of recurrent geomagnetic disturbances (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of the solar corona by Oso 7 have been used in a superposed epoch analysis to study the relationships between classes of coronal features and geomagnetic activity. Both bright coronal regions and regions of less than average brightness were investigated. It was found that for the period from January 1972 through January 1973, a significant enhancement in geomagnetic activity occurred 2-3 days after central meridian passage of large coronal holes that extended to within 5 deg of the solar subearth point when they were on the meridian. Large coronal holes appear to satisfy the requirements for 'M regions' which were hypothesized to be responsible for recurrent geomagnetic disturbances (Bartels, 1934). If solar wind high-speed streams originate preferentially in these regions, their velocity at the base of the corona will be substantially higher than that expected from an axisymmetric solar wind model.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 156
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    Creep response of the lunar crust in mare regions from an analysis of crater deformation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The settling trends of 318 lunar mare craters are compared with predictions of numerical finite-element models in order to determine the creep response of the upper lunar mare crust. No settling is evident in craters smaller than 5 km in diameter. Settling rates of larger craters increase as function of crater size in a manner suggesting a nonlinear lunar creep response corresponding to the power law epsilon = 8.3 x 10 to the minus 34th sigma squared where epsilon is the strain rate and sigma is the differential stress. However, the observed nonlinearity is probably an apparent nonlinearity resulting from the temperature-induced viscosity decrease with depth due to a lunar crustal temperature gradient of 3 C/km and a creep activation energy of 20 kcal/mole. It is concluded that creep in the lunar medium is essentially Newtonian, and that the effective viscosity of the upper lunar mare is (1.6 plus or minus 0.3) x 10 to the 25th poise.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 8; 4, Ju; June 197
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  • 157
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    Magnetic coordinates for the Pioneer 10 Jupiter encounter (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The magnetic coordinates of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft and the five innermost satellites are given around the time of Jupiter encounter, Dec. 1-8, 1973. The D sub 2 offset dipole model of Smith et al. (1974) is used to make the calculations. Magnetic coordinates are needed for the interpretation of the trapped particle measurements, including the absorption effects of the satellites. Contours of constant field magnitude and magnetic latitude are given at the surface of Jupiter for the D sub 2 model. The system III longitude of a spacecraft at Jupiter is derived, and formulas are given for the relationships between system I, II, and III longitudes. The longitude of the magnetic dipole increases by about 3 deg/yr, owing to the inaccurate rotation rate used to define system III longitude.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 158
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    Prediction and identification of some forbidden lines in the Ne I sequence (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A magnetic quadrupole transition which according to a prediction by Garstang (1969) is to have an appreciable transition probability in the higher ions of the Ne I sequence has recently been observed in Fe XVII with high resolution by Parkinson (1973), at 17.086 A. Values of an interval predicted by calculations of Crance (1973) are plotted in a graph. Interval values obtained from the curve are used to predict the values of certain transition wavelengths in the ions Si V Cr XV.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Solar Physics; 37; July 197
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  • 159
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    Stellar model chromospheres. II - Procyon /F5 IV-V/ (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Derivation of a model for the chromosphere and upper photosphere of Procyon (F5 IV-V) based on calibrated observations of the K and 8542-A lines of Ca II, the k(2796-A) line of Mg II, and the K-line wings. The feasibility of this model synthesis approach to derive a preliminary model chromosphere is demonstrated despite the lack of spatial and spectral resolution associated with solar chromospheric studies. The proposed upper photosphere model is very similar to the radiative equilibrium Procyon model of Strom and Kurucz (1966), while the proposed chromospheric model is similar to the quiet solar chromosphere temperature distribution of Shine (1973) in the 6000 to 8000 K range.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Aug. 15
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  • 160
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    Complex infrared emission features in the spectrum of beta Lyrae (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Spectra of beta Lyrae over the spectral region from 5800 to 11,000 per cm (1.76 to 0.9 micron) at two different phases have been obtained. They show a remarkable emission-absorption complex at 9231 per cm, a highly structured emission at P beta, and several additional broad weak emissions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 1
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  • 161
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    Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several aspects of the theory of large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves and their behavior in the interplanetary medium are examined. The characteristic modes of the full (i.e., nonlinearized) MHD equations and their modification by collisionless and finite-frequency effects are considered. Special attention is paid to the transverse Alfven mode, which is undamped and characterized by strictly constant pressure, density, and B; this seems to be the predominant propagating fluctuation at 1 AU. It is shown that its propagation in the small-wavelength (WKB) approximation is essentially identical to that of the small-amplitude Alfven wave of linearized theory. It is also suggested that its presence at 1 AU may provide a natural explanation of the observed power anisotropy of the fluctuations. A second-order analysis is used to study fluctuations that are not characteristic modes. It is found that for a small range of propagation directions, and subject to third-order effects, a finite-amplitude wave can exist that is linearly polarized with delta B perpendicular to both B sub zero and k; such a wave can damp nonlinearly.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; June 1
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  • 162
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    Survey of the galactic background radiation at 3.93 and 6.55 MHz (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A survey of the galactic background radiation at 3.93 and 6.55 MHz is presented for the region between declinations of -60 and +60 deg. The observations were obtained with the 229-m traveling-wave V-antenna on the Radio Astronomy Explorer-1 satellite with an angular resolution of the order of one steradian. The results are consistent with the findings of high-resolution ground-based surveys at low frequencies and provide a first step in extending such observations over the whole sky.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 79; July 197
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  • 163
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    Copernicus spectra of beta Lyrae (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The observations reported were made in August and September 1973. The principal data were scans in the low resolution mode at phases nearly coincident with the two light minima. Shorter scans were obtained at the two quadrature phases. The data show that the secondary component of beta Lyrae is a hotter object than the visible B8 star. The velocity amplitude of the lines suggests that the secondary is the more massive object, by a factor of several times.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 249; June 7
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    The ultraviolet spectrum of Eta Canis Majoris, B5 Ia (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: vol. 27; May 1974
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  • 165
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    Photon opacity in surfaces of magnetic neutron stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Approximate expressions are derived for free-free, bound-free, and Thomson cross-sections of photons by gaseous matter in the presence of superstrong magnetic fields. For photons in modes whose electric field polarization is perpendicular to this magnetic field, the cross-section is reduced by approximately the squared ratio of the photon frequency to the electron cyclotron frequency if this ratio is small.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; May 15
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  • 166
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    Orbital elements and absolute dimensions of the eclipsing system LY Aurigae (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Orbital solutions were obtained for the early-type eclipsing binary LY Aurigae from the light curves obtained with the OAO-2 by Heap and from the V light curve obtained from ground-based observations by Mayer and Horak. The solutions take into account the existence of a nearby companion not accounted for by previous investigators. The spectroscopic observations by Mayer and Batten were used to compute absolute dimensions for the binary orbit and for each component. This binary system presents an unique opportunity to determine accurately the absolute dimensions of an O9.5 III star.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Jan. 1
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  • 167
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    Scorpius X-1 - Origin of the radio and hard X-ray emissions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The consequences of models for the central radio source and the hard X-ray emitting region in Sco X-1 are examined. The radio emission could result from noncoherent synchrotron radiation, and the X-rays may be produced by bremsstrahlung. It is shown that both these mechanisms require a mass outflow from Sci X-1. The radio source is located at about 30 million km from the center of the star, and its linear dimensions do not exceed 300 million km. The magnetic field in the radio source is on the order of 1 gauss. If the hard X-rays are produced by thermal bremsstrahlung, their source is located between 10,000 and 50,000 km from the center of the star, the temperature is 2 billion K, and the emission measure is 2 times 10 to the 56th power per cu cm. This hot plasma loses energy inward by conduction and outward by supersonic expansion. The rates of energy loss for both of these processes are about 10 to the 36th ergs per sec, comparable to the total luminosity of Sco X-1.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Jan. 1
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  • 168
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    On the abundance of Europium (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The inclusion of the effects of hyperfine splitting can significantly lower the abundance estimate of Eu from singly ionized lines which lie on the flat portion of the curve of growth. In the 21 cool Ap stars studied by Adelman and the five Am stars studied by Smith, the Eu abundance was reduced by 0.4 dex on the average. In individual cases, the reductions were as great as 0.9 dex. This makes the Eu abundance comparable to that of its neighboring rare earths Sm and Gd in the Ap stars and less than Sm and Gd in the Am stars, but still substantially overabundant with respect to solar values.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Feb. 1
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  • 169
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    Aerodynamics of jet flap and rotating cylinder flap STOL concepts (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The aerodynamic effectiveness of various propulsive lift concepts to provide for the low speed performance and control required for short takeoff and landing aircraft is discussed. The importance of the interrelationship between the propulsion system and aerodynamic components of the aircraft is stressed. The relative effectiveness of different lift concepts was evaluated through static and wind tunnel tests of various aerodynamic models and propulsion components, simulations of aircraft, and in some cases, flight testing of research aircraft incorporating the concepts under study. Results of large scale tests of lift augmentation devices are presented. The results of flight tests of STOL research aircraft with augmented jet flaps and rotating cylinder flaps are presented to show the steeper approach flight paths at low forward speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.; 6 p
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  • 170
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    Interplanetary stream interfaces (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: At 1 AU there is a distinct boundary (the stream interface) in the interaction region of a stream in the solar wind, characterized by an abrupt drop in density, a similar increase in temperature, and a small increase in speed. In some cases, this is a tangential discontinuity, in others it is probably evolving into a tangential discontinuity. It is suggested that stream interfaces form in the interplanetary medium as a consequence of the nonlinear evolution of streams generated by an increase in temperature in the solar envelope. This evolution eventually leads to the formation of a reverse shock behind the interface and a forward shock ahead of it. Two instances in which both a stream interface and a reverse shock had developed at 1 AU are presented. Examples of flare-generated shocks that passed through a stream and were observed near a stream interface are also presented. It is shown that stream interfaces are definitely not the same structures that others have identified as piston boundaries.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 171
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    Limb darkening of two latitudes of Jupiter at phase angles of 34 and 109 deg (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The imaging photopolarimeter aboard Pioneer 10 produced hundreds of red and blue images of Jupiter covering a wide range of phase angles and having good linearity and signal-to-noise characteristics. In this preliminary analysis the limb darkening across two of the red images (at phase angles of about 34 and 109 deg) in both a prominent dark belt and a bright zone are compared with multiple-scattering models. Of the simple models tried, the smallest deviations from the observations result for ones consisting of a thin absorbing layer above a semiinfinite atmosphere of particles scattering according to the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. The asymmetry parameter for the best fits to both the belt and the zone data is in the range g = 0 to 0.25, corresponding to particles small in comparison with the wavelength of red light. The phase integral derived from the models lies in the range of about 1.5 to 1.6, implying a substantial internal heat source for Jupiter.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 172
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    Comet Kohoutek drawings from Skylab (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Sky and Telescope; 48; Oct. 197
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  • 173
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    Interstellar CH and CH+ from the evaporation of grain mantles (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Reexamination of a model originally suggested by Bates and Spitzer (1951) for interstellar molecule production by evaporation of grain mantles. It is shown that allowance for reactions involving CH(+), formerly ignored, remove the difficulties experienced by Bates and Spitzer. The essential features of CH and CH(+) observations in the directions of certain stars can be understood on the basis of this model.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society; vol. 168
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  • 174
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    Analytic pulsar models (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analytical procedure is given for solving the Einstein equations of a rotating fluid body. It is demonstrated that an analytic model of uniform denisty, representing a slowly rotating neutron star, can describe both differentially and uniformly rotating stars.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 1
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  • 175
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    Simulation of low thrust guidance problems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The determination of optimal rocket control profiles and the guidance procedures used to approximate these profiles have received much attention. Simple guidance procedures have sufficed for the Apollo flights. A modified version of the linear tangent guidance law is developed which can be used for a low-thrust orbital maneuvering system such as the space shuttle. The modification allows the estimation of gravity over long thrusting arcs which is necessary for low thrust systems.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Automatica; 10; May 1974
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  • 176
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    One- and multi-component models of the upper photosphere based on molecular spectra. III (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Solar Physics; 36; June 197
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  • 177
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    Magnetic field observations near Mercury - Preliminary results from Mariner 10 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented from a preliminary analysis of data obtained near Mercury on Mar. 29, 1974 by the NASA-GSFC magnetic field experiment on Mariner 10. Rather unexpectedly, a very well-developed, detached bow shock wave, which develops as the super-Alfvenic solar wind interacts with the planet, has been observed. In addition, a magnetosphere-like region, with maximum field strength of 98 gammas at closest approach (704 kilometers altitude), has been observed, contained within boundaries similar to the terrestrial magnetopause. The obstacle deflecting the solar wind flow is global in size, but the origin of the enhanced magnetic field has not yet been uniquely established. The field may be intrinsic to the planet and distorted by interaction with the solar wind.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
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  • 178
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    Interstellar lines in the ultraviolet spectrum of delta Scorpii (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results of a study of the interstellar resonance lines of the cosmologically most abundant elements with the aid of a spectrograph sensitive in the range from 1150 to 1700 A. These lines were analyzed by curve-of-growth techniques to yield column densities from which abundances relative to atomic hydrogen were determined. With the exception of silicon, the relative abundances of the detected species for which column densities could be determined are less by a factor of 1.8 to 8.6 than the relative solar abundances. Silicon, on the other hand, is slightly overabundant by a factor of 1.6.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 15
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  • 179
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    A generalized-capacity-matrix technique for computing aerodynamic flows (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical generalized-capacity-matrix technique is developed for application to aerodynamic flow computations. This technique allows the very fast direct (noniterative) numerical elliptic solvers to be used in problems with arbitrary internal boundaries and with a wide class of boundary conditions, including numerical application of the Kutta condition on an airfoil without iteration. Accuracy, speed, and usefulness of the technique are demonstrated with linear problems for potential flows over airfoil shapes. The method's main advantages, however, can be exploited within iterative procedures for a variety of complex flow problems governed by systems of equations not necessarily elliptic or linear.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 180
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    The Kelly chondrite - A parent body surface metabreccia (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study of the Kelly chondrite classes it as a monomict breccia rather than a polymict breccia as it was originally described. Microprobe analyses of differently textured clasts are very similar to each other and to well-known LL-type chondrites. Clast and matrix olivine compositions are well within the range of LL-chondrite olivine. A correlation is found between the degree of recrystallization and plagioclase composition. Petrographic observations of shocked, annealed, and unshocked clasts coupled with particle size distribution measurements indicate strongly that Kelly is similar to lunar metabreccias in mode of formation. It is theorized that Kelly is an LL-chondrite parent body metabreccia representing the final accumulation phase of the parent body.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology; 44; 1974
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  • 181
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    Magnetic fields and diffusion processes in peculiar A stars (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The detailed effects of a magnetic field on the equilibrium surface abundances of Ap stars as well as on the diffusion velocity are considered. The equivalent widths of the magnetic null lines are shown to be functions of the magnetic field strength. Furthermore, null lines can be used to help distinguish between inhomogeneities in abundance and in magnetic field strength and to determine ionization temperatures. The results of the diffusion mechanism with magnetic fields are used to interpret the phenomenon of spectrum variability. A review of the observational aspects of null lines in the magnetic Ap stars is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; July 1
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  • 182
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    Structure of the visible Jovian clouds (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study of the hydrogen quadrupole line intensities at the center of the planetary disk was conducted during the 1972 apparition of Jupiter. The study involved the observation of the S(1) lines of the H2 (3-0) and (4-0) quadrupole bands. The observations show that the abundance of hydrogen detected at these frequencies is extremely variable because of rapid changes in the structure of the visible clouds.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 249; June 14
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  • 183
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    Venus ionosphere - An interpretation of Mariner 10 observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dayside ionosphere of Venus observed by Mariner 10 may be understood in terms of a dynamic interaction with the solar wind which results in a compressed topside above an 'F2 ledge' consisting of O(+) and a dynamically unaffected F1 layer corresponding to a neutral temperature of about 380 K and consisting of O2(+) and CO2(+). The top of the upper ledge appears to be an ionopause caused by solar wind scavenging of He(+), representing a solar-wind obstacle consistent with the bow shock observations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; May 1974
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  • 184
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    Fast direct numerical solution of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A fast direct (noniterative) 'Cauchy-Riemann Solver' is developed for solving the finite-difference equations representing systems of first-order elliptic partial differential equations in the form of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations. The method is second-order accurate and requires approximately the same computer time as a fast cyclic-reduction Poisson solver. The accuracy and efficiency of the direct solver are demonstrated in an application to solving an example problem in aerodynamics: subsonic inviscid flow over a biconvex airfoil. The analytical small-perturbation solution contains singularities, which are captured well by the computational technique. The algorithm is expected to be useful in nonlinear subsonic and transonic aerodynamics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; May 1974
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  • 185
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    Photolysis of CO-NH3 mixtures and the Martian atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It has already been noted (Ferris and Nicodem, 1972) that although neither CO2 nor H2O affected the rate of NH3 photolysis, CO accelerated the photodecomposition of ammonia, with the formation of a solid product. The photolysis of NH3 in the presence of CO is investigated in greater detail not only because of the potential significance to atmospheric photochemistry on Mars, but also because of the possibility of photocatalytic reactions of NH3 and CO on the Martian surface and in the interstellar medium. These photoreactions may also have occurred on the primitive earth.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 249; May 31
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  • 186
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    Are BL Lac-type objects nearby black holes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that isolated black holes accreting interstellar gas can account for the characteristic properties of the Lacertids. Emission spectra for various interstellar gas densities and black hole masses are compared with the data plotted by Strittmatter et al. (1972) for the BL Lac-type objects. Rough estimates indicate that there may indeed be a finite number of stellar-mass black holes close to the earth as required by the theory. If it is determined that the BL Lac-type objects lie outside of the galactic disk a black hole accretion model may still apply if certain conditions are satisfied.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 250; July 12
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  • 187
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    A chondrule - Evidence of energetic impact unlikely (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It had been concluded by Lange and Larimer (1973) that the morphology and mineralogy of an unusual chondrule from the Ngawi meteorite are the results of a highly energetic impact within the solar nebula. The evidence for this conclusion is examined. It is found that the chondrule does not show evidence of high relative velocities in the solar nebula. It is pointed out that arguments against chondrule production by impact on planetary surfaces on the basis of ejection velocities are not supported by laboratory experiments.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 26
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  • 188
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    Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2 on Mars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An infrared heterodyne spectrometer operating near 11 micrometers with a resolving power of 1,500,000 has been used to obtain spectral line profiles of carbon dioxide absorption in the Martian atmosphere. For a periodic calibration of the system sensitivity, a black body at 500 K was placed in front of the chopper. Atmospheric transmission was determined by measuring heterodyne signals from the moon and Mars as a function of the zenith angle.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Nature; 250; July 12
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  • 189
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    Water and carbon in rusty lunar rock 66095 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The reported study of the lunar rock 66095 included the determination of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotope ratios. One group of experiments with rock 66095 and meteoritic rust involved the examination of the O-18 content of the oxygen in the ferric oxide found on the rock and the determination of the O-18 content in the oxygen of the adsorbed or hydration water. It is suggested that the enrichment of the rock 66095 in volatile materials is caused by volcanic or fumarolic activity. Water released by such activity may be juvenile lunar water.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 26
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  • 190
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    Radio observations of two clusters of galaxies (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Maps including the Coma and Hercules clusters of galaxies were made at 195, 318, and 611 MHz, and were compared with optical counts of galaxies in the clusters. An extended region of radio emission approximately 20 minutes in diameter was observed at the center of the Coma cluster. A distributed source region was also observed which appears to include the Hercules cluster, although the possibility that it is just an irregularity in the galactic foreground radiation cannot be completely ruled out.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Jan. 1
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  • 191
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    Estimation of longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients and comparison with wind-tunnel values (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent experience at Ames Research Center in the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients for the Lear-Jet and the Augmentor Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft is reviewed. The coefficients estimated from flight data are compared with values based on large-scale wind-tunnel tests. The results obtained by the regression and quasilinearization identification techniques are also compared. The regression method generally provides the lower standard deviation in the coefficient estimates and provides the better fit to the wind-tunnel values. The addition of nonlinear terms in the aerodynamic equations decreases the difference between the estimated and measured time histories but also increases the standard deviation in the estimated coefficient values.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 125-148
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  • 192
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    Appendix A: Specimen 72275 documentation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The friability of the matrix of specimen 72275 caused numerous fragments and an abundance of fines to break away from the main mass during transport from the moon and handling in the lunar receiving laboratory. Samples 72275,1 to 72275,14 were labeled during PET examination. Samples 72275,1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were placed in storage, and the remainder were distributed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 161-178
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    Track studies of samples 72255 and 72275 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical microscopic studies of two intermediate pieces of 72255, located 1 to 3 cm below the surface, indicate an upper limit to the track exposure age of 15 to 20 m.y. A striking feature of the track studies of breccias 72255 and 72275 is the peculiar etching behavior of many of the feldspar and olivine crystals. After standard etching procedures, crystal surfaces are frequently irregular and bumpy, presumably owing to nonuniform dissolution of the surface. Although this effect was not observed in feldspars or olivines in samples from other missions, it is apparently widespread among Apollo 17 samples.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 149-151
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    Rb-Sr age of the Civet Cat clast, 72255, 41 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Plagioclase rich clasts, orthopyroxene rich matrix, purified pyroxene, and plagioclase from the Civet Cat clast define a Rb-Sr isochron age of 4.18 + or - 0.04 x 10 to the 9th power yr and an initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.69922 + or - 0.00005. The fit of all data to the line is within error except for plagioclase 3, and blank corrections are essentially negligible. The decay constant used is 1.39 x 10 to the minus 11th power yr.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 139-143
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  • 195
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    Siderophile and volatile trace elements in 72255 and 72275 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Of six samples from boulder 1 at Station 2, four contain a unique meteoritic component, which is attributed to the Crisium projectile. The other two samples are meteorite free, igneous rocks: an unusual, alkali- and Ge-rich pigeonitic basalt, and an alkali-poor norite of unexceptional trace element chemistry.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 131-137
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  • 196
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    Major and trace element concentrations in samples from 72275 and 72255 (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analytical data have been obtained for Co, Sc, Hf, Zn, Cr, Ga, Rb, Cs, Ni, major elements, and rare earth elements in eight samples from boulder 1. The data for trace elements were obtained by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Major elements, except Na and Mn, were obtained by atomic absorption spectral photometry. Values for Na and Mn were obtained by neutron activation analysis of the same powder that was later dissolved to provide the atomic absorption analyses.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Smithsonian Astrophys. Obs. Interdisciplinary Studies of Samples from Boulder 1, Sta. 2, Apollo 17, Vol. 1; p 121-129
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    Interpretation of epsilon Aurigae. III (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The light curve expected from the eclipse of a star by a companion possessing a semitransparent disk has been investigated. Two computational procedures for deriving the light curve based on the geometrically thin-disk model are given here. Using these procedures, we have calculated the light curves of epsilon Aur based on different sets of parameters including those given previously by Wilson. We have also studied the light curve of epsilon Aur based on a geometrically thick disk model, and have advanced two proposals in order to understand the change in the shape of the light curve from one eclipse to the next, namely, (1) the rapid evolution that occurs in the disk and (2) the density waves in the disk and/or individual condensations that are revolving around the secondary each in an independent way.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 189; May 1
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  • 198
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    Neutrino reactions in strong magnetic field (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Presentation of the energy losses due to several neutrinos processes: (1) synchrotron neutrinos, (2) pair annihilation neutrinos, (3) plasmon neutrinos, and (4) photoneutrinos in the presence of a superstrong magnetic field. Numerical results are tabulated and illustrated for several values of densities and temperatures. In the low density regime, the presence of a magnetic field decreases the luminosity, whereas the opposite is true at higher densities. This last effect is, however, almost entirely due to the existence of a new process, the synchrotron neutrinos that disappear when H goes to zero. Even though the overall effect can only be quantitatively ascertained after a complete cooling computation is performed, one should however expect a much lower temperature for neutron star surface than the one computed in the case where H is zero.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 28; May 1974
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  • 199
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    Implications of Jupiter's early contraction history for the composition of the Galilean satellites (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 21; Mar. 197
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  • 200
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    Electrical properties of lunar soil sample 15301,38 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrical property measurements have been made on an Apollo 15 lunar soil sample in ultrahigh vacuum from room temperature to 827 C for the frequency spectrum from 100 Hz through 1 MHz. The dielectric constant, the total ac loss tangent, and the dc conductivity were measured. The dc conductivity showed no thermal hysteresis, but an irreversible (in vacuum) thermal effect was found in the dielectric loss tangent on heating above 700 C and during the subsequent cooling. This appears to be related to several effects associated with lunar glass above 700 C. The sample also showed characteristic low-frequency dispersion in the dielectric constant with increasing temperature, presumably due to Maxwell-Wagner intergranular effects. The dielectric properties may be fitted to a model involving a Cole-Cole frequency distribution that is relatively temperature-independent below 200 C and follows a Boltzmann temperature distribution with an activation energy of 2.5 eV above 200 C. The dc conductivity is fitted by an exponential temperature distribution and becomes the dominant loss above 700 C.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Apr. 10
    Format: text
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