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  • Articles  (570)
  • Humans  (500)
  • Bone  (70)
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  • 1975-1979  (570)
  • Biology  (570)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioautographic visualization of3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein by osteoblasts and its deposition into bone matrix (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Bone ; Glycoprotein ; Golgi ; Osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The elaboration of bone matrix glycoprotein by osteoblasts of alveolar bone was investigated by radioautography after the intravenous injection of3H-fucose into young rats. At selected times after injection, animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion and demineralized specimens were prepared for light and electron microscope radioautography. At 5 and 10 min after injection, when the blood fucose level was high, silver grains were restricted to the spheroidal and cylindrical saccules of the Golgi apparatus. At 20 min membrane-limited secretory granules were also labeled. By 35 min, the blood fucose level had dropped and silver grains were detected over the apical cortical cytoplasm, in association with secretory granules located therein. Some grains were present over osteoblast processes and the adjacent prebone matrix. By 4 h most of the silver grains had left the cell. At that time they were observed over prebone, adjacent to osteoblast processes, as well as over the prebone-bone junction where a distinct band of label was noted. In demineralized preparations an electron-dense granular material was present at the prebone-bone junction in association with collagen fibrils. These findings provide evidence that osteoblasts in alveolar bone synthesize fucose-containing glycoprotein and indicate that the addition of3H-fucose occurs in the Golgi apparatus. The glycoprotein passes to the apical cortical cytoplasm by way of membrane-limited secretory granules, is exteriorized, and accumulates at the site where prebone transforms into bone (the prebone-bone junction). Since this is also the site of the calcification front, the deposition of labeled glycoprotein may be related to the deposition of bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441182
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone fluoride concentrations associated with fluoridated drinking water (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Fluoride ; Analysis ; Food ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Recently published bone fluoride values from Iowa are very high compared to earlier reports, suggesting an increase in fluoride intake. Reanalysis of the Iowa specimens shows levels one-fourth those reported by the Iowa laboratory indicating an error in the original report. Seventeen bone specimens, collected from long-term residents of Rochester, New York, drinking 1 ppm F− water, had a mean value of 2085±270 ppm F− on an ashed-weight basis. This value is not significantly different from that predicted by the data of Zipkin et al. in 1958. These data, therefore, do not support the contention that there has been an increase in fluoride intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441168
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a spectrophotometer for radiographic photodensitometry of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Photodensitometry, X-ray ; Radiography ; Spectrophotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A conventional spectrophotometer was used to do radiographic photodensitometry of bone mass. An experiment to produce osteoporosis in guinea pigs required quantification of changes in bone mass. Lack of a densitometer necessitated finding another method for quantification. The method developed involved using industrial film in a closed X-ray system. Optical density of X-rays was then read in a spectrophotometer at nine femur locations. Highly significant correlations between optical density and femur calcium content and femur dry weight per millimeter were obtained. Histological sections from an animal with low optical density measurements confirmed bone loss by showing decreased cortical width and loss of trabecular bone. In addition to using readily available equipment, this method offers the advantage of being able to detect bone loss in specific areas of the bones. In addition, bones are left intact and can be used for other purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of paramagnetic centers in X-ray-irradiated enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ESR ; Bone ; Enamel ; CO3-Apatite ; Paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, enamel, and bone were irradiated by an X-ray and investigated between 77° and 350°K by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR spectrum of enamel irradiated at 77°K in vacuum and observed at the same temperature was almost the same as that of the carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The temperature dependence of signal intensities confirms a spin-energy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents in bone, but in enamel no or very little spinenergy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents. Considerable similarity among the ESR spectra of enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing apatite was obtained after X-ray irradiation in air at 300°K with both an X-band and a Q-band ESR spectrometer. The Q-band spectrum can be interpreted in terms of two paramagnetic species. One is identified as a CO 3 3− anion radical which has an axial symmetry withg factors of 2.0029 and 1.9972. The other species is found to be centered atg=2.0019.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441228
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the solid state of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Infrared, visible light ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photovoltaic effect (infrared and visible light) is observed in bone and its two major components, collagen and apatite, at room temperature. A dimunition in the magnitude of photovoltage is observed after exposure to ultraviolet light in all the cases. The drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium. Lifetime of the injected carriers is measured in the usual way. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of embryonic chick tibiae in ovo and in vitro: A scanning electron microscope study (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Bone ; Organ culture ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study describes the ultrastructure of the mineralized portion of chick tibiae from 10 days in ovo to 2 days post-hatch. At 10 days a single mineralized cylinder surrounds the diaphysis. On its outer surface columnar trabeculae join to form ridges parallel to the long axis of the bone. These ridges are covered by another cylinder and form the haversian canals. At 11 days vascular invasion of the marrow cavity occurs and resorption of the endosteal surface begins. This type of periosteal deposition and endosteal resorption is repeated during and subsequent to embryonic development. The mineralized portion of 10-day chick tibiae cultured for 2 days in modified BGJ medium was compared with 10-, 11-, and 12-day tibiae in ovo. Cultured tibiae were similar in length and calcium content to 11-day tibiae in ovo. The form of mineral deposited in ovo and in culture was the same, namely, aggregates of spherical mineral clusters. Differences in culture included the following: (a) few concentric cylinders were deposited as compared with tibiae in ovo; (b) trabeculae were not arranged in rows and ridges in culture; (c) osteocytic lacunae were restricted to bases of trabeculae rather than uniformly distributed as in ovo; and (d) the endosteal surface of tibiae in culture appeared etched.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441158
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the role of calcification nodules in the mineralization of woven bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone formation ; Calcification ; Calcification nodule ; EM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteolathyrism has been used as an experimental model for the study of calcification nodules during the mineralization process. Periosteal exostoses developing in osteolathyrism characteristically have spherical basophilic structures (calcification nodules) in the vicinity of developing bone spicules. In thin sections, the nodules were seen scattered between collagen fibers in the intercellular matrix. Collagen fibers did not appear to be present within the nodules but sometimes were packed just outside them. Matrix vesicles were also present in areas of early mineralization. After EDTA decalcification, the majority of the nodules consisted of a fine granular material surrounded by an electron-dense peripheral zone. The peripheral dense zone was occasionally incomplete in small nodules in areas of early mineralization. An electron-dense central area could be observed in the center of the nodules. Evidence has been presented indicating that the calcification nodules arise from smaller mineralization foci, presumably matrix vesicles. The calcification nodules enlarge to approximately 1.0 µm in size, at which point development is slowed or halted allowing the formation of the peripheral dense zone. Although coalescence of nodules was observed, this was more a random event. The further mineralization of the trabeculae was achieved by the calcification of the collagen fibers. The mineralized trabeculae reflected this pattern of nodular and collagenous calcification. It is suggested that this pattern of calcification is characteristic of rapidly developing woven bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441162
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the density and tensile strength of human femoral cortical bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Strength ; Density ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to ascertain whether the intrinsic strength of human bone changes with age or not, we have determined the ultimate tensile strength and density of strips of femoral cortical bone. These femora were collected from cadavers varying in age from 13 to 97 years. The results show that both density and intrinsic strength of bone increase up to about the fourth decade of life and then decrease with age. However, the rate of decrease of strength is greater than that of density. This indicates that the density of bone is not the sole determining factor of its strength, and that some other factors play an important part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the perilacunar hypomineralized areas in cortical bone from patients with familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Rickets ; Hypophosphatemia ; Microradiography ; D-resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The perilacunar areas of low mineral density in microradiographs from cortical bone of patients with hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets are not evenly distributed throughout the bone tissue. Their frequency and distribution were determined in bone from 9 patients with this disease. It was found that the lesion was more frequent in haversian bone than in interstitial bone, and along the inner circumference of growing haversian systems as compared with the outer circumference. These findings indicate that the lesion is the result of retarded mineralization, and that mineralization slowly proceeds in these areas as the bone becomes older. A relatively high frequency of the lesion was also found in osteons with an elliptical cross section along the long axis of the ellipse. The cause of the abundance of the lesion at these sites is not clear, but it is possible to explain the uneven distribution in elliptical osteons by assuming an unequal rate of bone formation in these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441169
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon dioxide and various oxygen tensions on the respiratory activity of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Oxygen uptake ; Bone ; Oxygen tension ; Carbon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present study was carried out to determine the influence of carbon dioxide and oxygen tension on the respiratory activity of bone cells in mouse calvaria in vitro. Five-day-old mouse calvaria were removed aseptically and incubated individually for 1 h at 37° C in a closed reaction chamber containing 1.5 ml of tissue culture medium made up of 60% horse serum in Gey's solution containing 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100µg/ml streptomycin. Before the calvaria were added, the medium in the incubation chamber was equilibrated with 10%, 20%, 30%, or 50% oxygen balanced with nitrogen. The effect of CO2 on oxygen utilization by the calvaria was determined by incubating the calvaria in a medium previously equilibrated with either 50% O2 balanced with N2 or 50% O2 and 5% CO2 balanced with N2. At each oxygen tension, the rate of oxygen utilization by the calvaria was measured polarographically by a Clark oxygen electrode. The results showed that the rate of oxygen uptake of bone increased as the oxygen tension increased and carbon dioxide stimulated significantly the rate of oxygen utilization by the bone cells. In view of the previous reports that both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension are implicated in the process of bone resorption, it is suggested that these two factors may affect bone resorption by influencing the oxygen utilization by bone cells and ultimately controlling their energy metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441180
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction of the calcified tissues inPolypterus (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction ; Hydroxyapatite ; Whitlockite ; Fish (Pisces) ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Pyrolyzed scales, fin spines, and bone from the ray-finned bony fishPolypterus (Actinopterygii) showed two mineral phases on X-ray diffraction: hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca5(PO4)3OH, and whitlockite, Ca3(PO4)2. The ratio of HA/whitlockite varied with the structure (scale, spine, bone) within each individual fish. The relative proportions of HA to whitlockite in pyrolyzed samples reflected the Ca/P ratio of the sample. Whitlockite appears after pyrolysis when the Ca/P is lower than 1.67. Among the five fish investigated, for each structure a general trend was noted. The proportion of HA relative to whitlockite increased with size (age) of the fish. Thus the smallest fish, a juvenile, exhibited a low Ca/P mineral in its calcified tissues, whereas the larger fish had progressively more HA and less whitlockite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441216
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disordered mineral metabolism produced by ketogenic diet therapy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsant ; Ketogenic diet ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and mineral metabolism status was examined in five children maintained chronically on combined ketogenic diet-anticonvulsant drug therapy (KG), and the results compared to those obtained in 18 patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs alone (AD) and 15 normal controls. KG patients exhibited biochemical findings of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and calcium concentrations, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone concentrations, decreased urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and decreased bone mass. Although the KG and AD groups demonstrated similar reductions in serum 25OHD concentration, the KG patients exhibited a significantly greater reduction in bone mass. In response to vitamin D supplementation (5000 IU/day), mean bone mass in the KG group increased by 8.1±0.9% (P〈0.001) over a 12-month period. These results suggest that ketogenic diet and anticonvulsant drug therapy have additive deleterious effects on bone mass and that these effects are partially reversible by vitamin D treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441213
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of osteoclast activating factor from human lymphocytes on cyclic AMP concentrations in isolated mouse bone and bone cells (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone cells ; Cyclic AMP ; Osteoclast activating factor ; Lymphokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is a lymphokine which may participate in the pathologic destruction of bone observed in a number of disorders. In the current studies, we investigated the action of OAF on cAMP accumulation by bones and isolated bone cells in culture. OAF was shown to stimulate accumulation of cAMP in mouse cranial bones at doses between 1 and 1000 ng/ml. Stimulation of bone resorption was observed in bones treated with the same doses of OAF. In order to investigate the cell types responsible for cAMP responses to OAF, we isolated bone cells and grew them in monolayer culture. The cells were isolated by a variety of techniques which separate bone cells into two types of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive populations: (a) cells derived from the periosteal regions of the bone, which also respond to calcitonin with increases in cAMP; and (b) cells derived from the matrix, which do not respond to calcitonin. OAF caused elevation of cAMP levels in both the periosteum-derived cells and the matrix-derived cells. The magnitudes and time courses of OAF effects in these populations resembled the effects previously reported for PTH in the same populations. OAF stimulated adenyl cyclase in both types of cell populations, but did not produce significant changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. OAF differed from PTH in that its effects on cAMP accumulation decreased sharply at supramaximal doses in both bone and isolated cells, especially in the matrix-derived populations. Bone resorption did not decrease as markedly as did cAMP accumulation at high doses of OAF, suggesting that cAMP accumulation and resorption could be dissociated under some conditions. These results indicate that OAF has effects on cAMP production in the same cell populations as PTH, and suggest that OAF could modify not only resorption but also formation of bone in vivo. OAF may exert its effects on bone by means of cAMP-dependent mechanisms, but more data will be necessary to establish this unequivocally. The observed differences between OAF and PTH may be of relevance in the mechanism and treatment of pathologic bone destruction in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441214
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in paraplegia (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Parathyroid hormone ; Calcitonin ; Osteoporosis ; Paraplegia ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In paraplegia, osteoporosis below the neurological lesion occurs early after the spinal cord affection. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), using a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoreactivity, were studied in 12 paraplegic patients for 9 months following onset. Serum Ca and P levels, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and the kinetic metabolic clearance of45Ca have also been measured. P and immunoreactive (i) CT levels were found the highest at the beginning of the observation and progressively decreased with time. Ca and iPTH serum levels varied inversely with time, the highest level of Ca and the lowest level of iPTH being recorded at the third month following the paraplegia. Mean values of Ca, iPTH, and iCT were in the normal range throughout the study. P levels were increased during the first 3 months. Hydroxyprolinuria was also high and45Ca kinetics showed increased values of Vt, Vo+, and Vu. These parameters indicate a high degree of bone turnover. The results were consistent with the assumption that PTH is not responsible for the increased resorption of bone in paraplegia. Likewise, a deficiency of CT does not seem to be responsible for this bone resorption. These endocrine modifications could be secondary to an increase in the calcium flux from bone to blood and resulting from bone destruction as attested by the increase of urinary calcium and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441186
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone maturation in the vitamin D, phosphate deficient rat and the response to acid loading (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Vitamin D ; Acidosis ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and phosphate deficiency were produced in rats in order (a) to evaluate the degree of bone mineral and matrix maturation using a bromoform/toluene density gradient technique; and (b) to compare the aforementioned bone maturational changes due to vitamin D and phosphate deprivation to those produced with superimposed severe acidosis. Rats were fed a diet deficient in vitamin D and phosphorus (0.2%) from 3 weeks through 7 weeks of age. To examine the additional contribution of dietary calcium, we gave one-half of the animals either a low (0.06%) or high (1.3%) calcium diet. Following the 4 weeks of vitamin D deficiency, one-half of each group was given 1.8% NH4Cl in the drinking water for 4 succeeding days to induce an acute, severe acidosis. The degree of bone maturation was quantitated via bromoformtoulene density gradient fractionation; total mineral and hydroxyproline (collagen) levels were quantitated as well. The vitamin D-deficient rats deprived of adequate dietary phosphate responded by conserving phosphorus, and as a consequence total bone phosphorus levels were maintained within that level for control rats. This conservation was independent of calcium intake but was extremely sensitive to acute acid loading, where a significant reduction in total bone phosphorus was noted. The bone maturational profile obtained from the vitamin D-phosphate deficient rats, however, revealed a significant accumulation of less mature or dense bone collagen and mineral with a corresponding decrease in the most mature or dense moieties. In contrast to the reduction of the total bone phosphorus content by acute acidosis, the skeletal collagen-mineral maturational profile was not significantly affected by the short-term systemic acidosis. The observed retardations in the bone collagen and mineral maturation of the vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deprived state provide an additional observation which may well relate to the progressive osteopenia documented in states of chronic, mild acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441191
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proline synthetic and degradative enzymes during matrix-induced cartilage and bone formation (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proline ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proline biosynthetic and degradative enzymes are unevenly distributed in differentiated mammalian tissues. Activities of the synthetic enzymes are relatively high in collagenous tissues, whereas activities of the degradative enzymes are high in noncollagenous tissues. In order to further characterize tissue-specific proline biosynthesis and degradation, we have determined proline enzyme activities during cartilage and bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix. We can thus follow temporal changes in enzyme activity in a single tissue as different cell types develop. Ornithine aminotransferase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase have peaks of activity which correlate with maximal type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. Both enzymes also are active during bone formation. In contrast, proline oxidase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase are present at low levels and do not change as new cell types appear. Arginase activity peaks during the first 3 days and then rapidly decreases by the time cartilage and bone formation begin. These observations further substantiate the importance of proline biosynthesis in collagenous tissues. The close correlation between ornithine aminotransferase activity and type II collagen synthesis suggests that the pathway from ornithine to proline may be especially important during formation of type II collagen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441197
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  • 17
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    Noninvasive measures of bone bending rigidity in the monkey (M. nemestrina) (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bending rigidity ; Disuse atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The in vivo bending rigidity and bone mineral content of monkey ulnae and tibiae were measured. Bending rigidity in the anteroposterior plane was measured by an impedance probe technique. Forced vibrations of the bones were induced with an electromechanical shaker, and force and velocity at the driving point were determined. The responses over the range of 100–250 Hz were utilized to compute the bending rigidity. Bone mineral content in the cross section was determined by a photon absorption technique. Seventeen male monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) weighing 6–14 kg were evaluated. Repeatability of the rigidity measures was 4%. Bone mineral content was measured with a precision of 3.5%. Bending rigidity was correlated with the mineral content of the cross section,r=0.899. Two monkeys were evaluated during prolonged hypodynamic restraint. Restraint produced regional losses of bone most obviously in the proximal tibia. Local bone mineral content declines 17 to 24% and the average bending rigidity declines 12 to 22%. Changes in bones leading to a reduction in mineral content and stiffness are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441171
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  • 18
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    Anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia: Alterations in mineral metabolism and response to vitamin D3 administration (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsants ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parameters of mineral metabolism were examined in 6 patients with moderately severe anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia. Compared to 15 matched controls, the patients exhibited significantly reduced serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration, reduced intestinal47Ca absorption, reduced urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and reduced forearm bone mass. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D3 was normal. Following 4 months of treatment with vitamin D3 (4000 units/day), serum 25-OHD concentration was increased to 3 times mean normal values and all parameters except serum iPTH, urinary calcium excretion, and forearm bone mass were returned to levels not significantly different from normal. Serum iPTH concentration was reduced by 39% (P〈0.05); 24-h urinary calcium excretion rose by 98% (P〈0.001), and forearm bone mass increased by 5.6% (P〈0.05). It is concluded that moderate-dose vitamin D3 supplementation is effective in normalizing parameters of mineral metabolism in this disorder, despite evidence of resistance to the biologic effects of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441155
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  • 19
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    The calciuria of increased fixed acid production in humans: Evidence against a role for parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; PTH ; 1,25(OH)2D ; Acid ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We measured mineral and acid balances, serum iPTH, urinary cAMP/creatinine, and plasma concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in 7 healthy adults during control conditions and during increased fixed acid production achieved either by the administration of NH4Cl (N=3) or by increased dietary protein intake (N=4). When acid production was increased, the subjects were in positive acid balance and negative Ca balance because of increased urinary Ca excretion. Serum iPTH fell slightly but urinary cAMP and the plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites did not change. We conclude that the accelerated skeletal and urinary losses of Ca that occur when fixed acid production is increased are not contributed to nor compensated for by the parathyroid-vitamin D endocrine systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441241
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of chondroitin-6-sulphate in adult human compact bone tissue (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Glycosaminoglycans ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Compact bone tissue chondroitin sulphate, previously considered to be pure chondroitin-4-sulphate, was isolated from three adult human femoral diaphyses and digested with chondroitinase ABC. Assaying these digests by means of high performance liquid chromatography we could demonstrate that 12 to 14% of the disaccharide residues were 6-sulphated. The 4/6-ratios were also studied in chondroitin sulphate fractions of different molecular size. Slightly increasing amounts of 6-sulphated disaccharides were found with increasing size of the chondroitin sulphates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408073
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of changing hydrogen ion, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate concentrations on bone resorption in vitro (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Culture ; Resorption ; Acidosis ; Alkalosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of H+, CO2, and HCO3 − concentrations during metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on bone resorption in vitro. Rat fetal bones prelabeled with45CaCl2 were cultured at 2%, 5%, and 10% CO2 for up to 120 h, and the release of45Ca was measured in devitalized bones (non-cell-mediated45Ca release) and in live bones (cell-mediated45Ca release) cultured with or without PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. Non-cell-mediated mineral loss was linearly related to H+ concentration but not to CO2 or HCO3 − concentration. This effect was observed on both labeled and stable calcium. Over a wide pH range (6.9–7.5) H+, CO2, or HCO3 − concentrations did not influence cell-mediated bone resorption in control or in PTH-and 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated cultures. However, inhibition of cell-mediated bone resorption was observed at higher or lower pH irrespective of CO2 or HCO3 − concentrations. These observations demonstrate that the bone mineral mobilizing effect of acidosis in vitro is mainly due to the effect of changing H+ concentration on devitalized bone. Effects on cell-mediated bone resorption and hormonal response were observed only at extremes of pH. The effects of H+ were independent of changes in CO2 or HCO3 − concentration and could be responsible for the negative calcium balance and increased urinary loss observed in metabolic acidosis in vivo, but do not explain the reported differences in effects on calcium metabolism between respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408049
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of measuring system parameters on the frequency dependence of strain-related potentials in bone (1979)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 17 (1979), S. 471-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of dry human cortical bone of a disc form were subjected to sinusoidal loading under controlled conditions. The results show a nonlinear increase of the measured peak potential with frequency which reaches a limiting value at about 200 Hz. The analysis, which is based on the circuit representation proposed previously by Shamos, indicates that such a behaviour can be attributed to the measuring circuit parameters. It was found that some relevant results can be interpreted qualitatively by similar analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02447060
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    Sleeping pills and insomnia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anylan, W G -- Gillin, C -- Solomon, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 6;205(4401):6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Flurazepam/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/*drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Metabolism of theophylline to caffeine in human fetal liver (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a biotransformation product of theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) in the human fetus. Liver explants, obtained from human fetuses with gestational ages of 12 to 20 weeks, were incubated with theophylline and produced caffeine and, in lesser amounts, 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. These findings suggest that the predominant pathway in theophylline metabolism in the fetus and newborn infant is the methylation reaction producing caffeine. This may contribute to the neonate's exceedingly slower elimination of caffeine relative to theophylline. Caffeine produced from theophylline may add to the pharmacologic effects of theophylline in newborn infants with apnea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aranda, J V -- Louridas, A T -- Vitullo, B B -- Thom, P -- Aldridge, A -- Haber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apnea/drug therapy ; Biotransformation ; Caffeine/*biosynthesis/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Cells, Cultured ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/*embryology/metabolism ; Methylation ; Theophylline/*metabolism/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regional localization of the gene for human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase on the X chromosome (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: Sixty-eight independent hybrid clones were isolated after irradiated normal human lymphocytes were fused with Chinese hamster fibroblasts lacking hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. The cells were grown under selective conditions requiring retention of the X chromosome-linked locus for human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The frequency and patterns of cotransference of human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase with the selected marker and with additional X-linked enzymatic markers confirm X linkage of the structural gene for human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase and support assignment of this gene to a position on the long arm of the X, between the loci for alpha-galactosidase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, M A -- Yen, R C -- Itkin, P -- Goss, S J -- Seegmiller, J E -- Bakay, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):1016-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/218284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics ; Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase/*genetics ; *Sex Chromosomes ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Food additives (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benarde, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1256-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carcinogens ; Food Additives/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Public Opinion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pituitary-brain vascular relations: a new paradigm (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Vascular casts of the pituitary gland have demonstrated a paucity of veins extending from the adenohypophysis to the systemic circulation and have suggested that some adenohypophyseal venous blood returns to the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophyseal capillary bed may function as a vascular switch and in this article a series of 14 questions are proposed regarding the vascular dynamics of the pituitary. Together these questions raise the larger question, namely, whether pituitary hormones are transported directly to the brain to modify brain function?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R M -- Page, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):18-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis/anatomy & histology ; Capillaries/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/blood supply ; Pituitary Gland/*blood supply ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/blood supply ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    New strength in the diet-disease link? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):666-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diet/*adverse effects ; Disease/*etiology ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Peer Review ; Preventive Medicine/methods ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Metabolism of americium-241 in man: an unusual case of internal contamination of a child and his father (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: The metabolism of americium-241 has been studied during an 8-year period in an adult male and his son who, at the ages of 50 and 4 years, respectively, were accidentally and unknowingly contaminated within their home by means of inhalation. Chelation therapy with calcium trisodium pentetate was more effective in enhancing the removal of americium-241 from the child than from the father.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, N -- Sasso, T L -- Wrenn, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Americium/*metabolism/poisoning ; Body Burden ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Chelating Agents/*therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comparative biochemistry and drug design for infectious disease (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: In the past two decades, biochemistry and molecular biology have demonstrated the existence of potentially exploitable biochemical differences between etiologic agents of disease and their hosts. Known differences between organism and host with respect to metabolism and polymer structure point to the detailed characterization of key proteins as the focus for the development of potential inhibitors. In the last decade, the methodology of the isolation, characterization, and inactivation of proteins and enzymes has been advanced. The present scientific and technological base suggests that new efforts toward the development of selective chemotherapeutic agents for infections caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and higher eukaryotes should exploit the known differences in proteins or other specific biopolymers serving crucial structural or metabolic roles in the economy of the parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):964-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/382357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Bacterial Agents ; *Antiviral Agents ; Communicable Diseases/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Mycobacterium leprae/metabolism ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trypanosomiasis/drug therapy ; Vidarabine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ingested mineral fibers: elimination in human urine (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: Sediment in human urine examined by transmission electron microscopy contains amphibole fibers which originate from the ingestion of drinking water contaminated with these mineral fibers. The ingestion of filtered water results in the eventual disappearance of amphibole fibers from urine. These observations provide the first direct evidence for the passage of mineral fibers through the human gastro-intestinal mucosa under normal conditions of the alimentary canal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, P M -- Olson, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/219478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicon Dioxide/metabolism/*urine ; *Water Pollutants ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Preferential transmission of the Z deficient allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: The transmission of the Z deficient allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin was studied in 23 families, each with a single parent heterozygous for this allele. When the mother carried the Z allele, the distribution of phenotypes in the children did not differ significantly from the expected frequency. In contrast, when the father was the carrier, a significant increase of heterozygous phenotypes was observed in the children. This observation suggests that a selective advantage is associated with the expression of the Z allele in male gametes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapuis-Cellier, C -- Arnaud, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/313077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Child ; Female ; Heterozygote Detection ; Humans ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sex Factors ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics ; *alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
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    China's new birth policy: one baby is enough (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, Barbara J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Contraception ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; *Motivation ; *Population Control ; Social Control, Formal
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    Genes coding for histone proteins in man are located on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 7 (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: Tritium-labeled complementary RNA's to two cloned sea urchin DNA sequences, one coding for histones H1, H2B, and H4 and the other for H2A and H3, were hybridized in situ to high resolution human chromosomes. Evidence is presented showing that the histone genes in man are localized in bands q32-36 on the long arm of chromosome 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandler, M E -- Kedes, L H -- Cohn, R H -- Yunis, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; *Genes ; Histones/*genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Sea Urchins/genetics
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    Microsecond sensitivity of the human visual system to irregular flicker (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: A flickering light presented to the eye produces a small alternating voltage at the scalp of a subject. This alternating voltage indicates the following response of the brain to the flicker. If every other flash in the flicker is displaced temporally by as little as 30 microseconds, an asymmetry appears in the brain's alternating voltage. The results suggest an underlying mechanism that may enhance visual detection of high-frequency flicker.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):708-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Evoked Potentials ; Flicker Fusion/physiology ; Humans ; Time Factors ; *Vision, Ocular
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    Distribution of transmembrane polypeptides in freeze fracture (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: Human erythrocytes have been freeze-fractured, and the polypeptides associated with the separate halves of the membrane bilayer have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The transmembrane proteins were differentially separated by the fracture process. Although sialoglycoproteins associated with the outer half of the membrane, the anion transport protein (band 3) mainly remained with the inner half of the membrane. Well-defined fragments of the sialoglycoproteins were produced by the freeze-fracture procedure, indicating that selected covalent bonds of these transmembrane proteins were broken.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, H H -- Mueller, T J -- Morrison, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1343-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Erythrocyte Membrane/*ultrastructure ; Erythrocytes/*ultrastructure ; Freeze Fracturing/methods ; Glycoproteins/blood ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Membrane Proteins/blood ; Molecular Weight ; Polylysine ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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    Diabetes drugs: clinical trial (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldner, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 27;204(4391):363-4, 367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/375391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diabetes Mellitus/*drug therapy ; Drug Evaluation/methods ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/*adverse effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Auditory brainstem frequency following responses to waveform envelope periodicity (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: An auditory frequency following response (FFR) was recorded to four complx stimuli. The FFR corresponded to the waveform envelope periodicity but not to the "missing fundamental" pitch of the stimuli. The FFR may be significant for timbre perception and sound lateralization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, J W 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1297-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Periodicity ; Pitch Discrimination/*physiology
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    Hormone changes triggered by aggression in a natural population of blackbirds (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: The concentrations of hormones in the plasma of male red-winged blackbirds caught at the height of an aggressive encounter are significantly different from those in males that have not recently engaged in aggressive behavior. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone in the plasma are decreased in the aggressive males, whereas androgen concentrations are affected in a more complex manner. Concentrations of corticoids do not appear to be affected by aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harding, C F -- Follett, B K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):918-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/570304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Birds/*physiology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Dihydrotestosterone/blood ; Hormones/*blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Testosterone/blood
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    Angiotensin convertase activities in human alveolar macrophages: effects of cigarette smoking and sarcoidosis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Angiotensin I convertase activity has been found in human alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers and patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. This activity is higher in the alveolar macrophages from smokers than from nonsmokers, and is even more elevated in sarcoid patients. The activity can be detected with both angiotensin I and bradykinin analogs and appears to require protein synthesis, but the enzyme is not secreted by alveolar macrophages in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinman, L M -- Stevens, C -- Matthay, R A -- Bernard, J -- Gee, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):202-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Granuloma/enzymology ; Humans ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/*metabolism ; Prostaglandins/metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*enzymology ; Sarcoidosis/*enzymology ; Smoking/*physiopathology ; Teprotide/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    Cerebral specialization, writing posture, and motor control of writing in left-handers (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: It has been suggested that the inverted hand position of left-handers during writing indicates the left hemisphere of their brain is linguistically specialized and that the writing of these left-handers may be controlled via ipsilateral pathways. Electroencephalograph alpha asymmetry measures at central and parietal leads, as well as dichotic tests, differentiated right-handers from left-handers, but not inverters from noninverters. Electroencephalograph differences between hand posture groups did appear, but only at occipital leads during reading and writing tasks. Regardless of hand posture or speech lateralization, the right central region of the brain is significantly involved in the control of left-handed writing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herron, J -- Galin, D -- Johnstone, J -- Ornstein, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1285-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Movement ; *Posture ; Speech/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology ; *Writing
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Computed tomography scans of alcoholics: cerebral atrophy? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, S Y -- Mikhael, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1237-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholism/*pathology ; Atrophy ; Brain/*pathology ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 43
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    Chromosome 13 long arm interstitial deletion may result from maternal inverted insertion (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegerman, S F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1035-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosome Inversion ; *Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Female ; Humans
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  • 44
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    Pain, dying, and the health care system (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):984-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/85336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Delivery of Health Care ; Hospices/*trends ; Hospitals, Special/*trends ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Palliative Care/*methods ; Terminal Care/*methods
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  • 45
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    Difference between postpartum and nutritional amenorrhea (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, R E -- McArthur, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):921-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea/*etiology/physiopathology ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; Nutrition Disorders/complications ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors
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  • 46
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    Shifts in perception of size after adaptation to gratings (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: After viewing a suitable grating of vertical stripes for 5 minutes, subjects overestimated the width of a rectangle by 6 percent. The shifts in perception of size occurred whether individual stripes in the grating were narrower than, equal to, or wider than the rectangle. Rectangle width was underestimated only if the grating stripes were extremely wide, with a spatial frequency lower than most of the effective amplitude spectrum of the rectangle. These findings (and complementary ones with horizontal gratings) suggest that the visual system codes size on the basis of spatial frequency components, rather than directly in terms of width.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frome, F S -- Levinson, J Z -- Danielson, J T -- Clavadetscher, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/515736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Humans ; Size Perception/*physiology ; Visual Fields ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 47
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    Gamma rays: further evidence for lack of a threshold dose for lethality to human cells (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: In experiments designed to measure human cell survival sith +/- 2 percent accuracy it was found that low doses (21 to 87 rad) of gamma-rays inactivated the colony-forming ability of cultured human cells with a probability of 0.00226 +/- 0.00012 per rad. There appears to be no threshold for the lethality of radiation to human cells in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furcinitti, P S -- Todd, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/radiation effects ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Gamma Rays ; Humans ; *Radiation, Ionizing
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    Cigarette smoking induces functional antiprotease deficiency in the lower respiratory tract of humans (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Current concepts of the pathogenesis of emphysema suggest that it results from an imbalance of elastase and antielastase activity within the alveolar structures. Although emphysema that is associated with hereditary deficiency of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin conforms to this scheme, the major risk factor in the more common form of emphysema is cigarette smoking. A study was designed to evaluate the premise that cigarette smoking may be associated with an acquired, functional defect in lung alpha 1-antitrypsin. Determination of the antielastase activity of alpha 1-antitrypsin obtained from the lungs of smoking and nonsmoking individuals revealed a nearly twofold reduction in the functional activity of this elastase inhibitor in the lungs of cigarette smokers. These data suggest that cigarette smokers may lose some of the normal antielastase protective screen of the lower respiratory tract, making them more vulnerable to destructive lung disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadek, J E -- Fells, G A -- Crystal, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1315-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/316188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/enzymology ; Extracellular Space/enzymology ; Humans ; Lung/*enzymology ; Pancreatic Elastase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Plants, Toxic ; Pulmonary Emphysema/enzymology/etiology ; Smoking/complications/*physiopathology ; Tobacco ; *alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
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    Development of the capacity for tactile information transfer between hemispheres in normal children (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: The hypothesis of less direct interaction between hemispheres in young children was supported by a behavioral test. Fabric samples were compared with either the same hand (same hemisphere) or with opposite hands (between hemispheres). Crossed errors were a significantly larger proportion of total errors in 3-year-olds than in 5-year-olds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galin, D -- Johnstone, J -- Nakell, L -- Herron, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*growth & development/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Touch/*physiology
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  • 50
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    "Low-risk" cigarettes: the debate continues (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gart, J J -- Schneiderman, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 18;204(4394):688, 690-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/441735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms/*etiology ; Risk ; Smoking/*complications ; Statistics as Topic
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    Lithium: a modulator of cyclic AMP-dependent events in lymphocytes? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: Theophylline, salbutamol, isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited E-rosette formation by human T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin M secretion from human plaque-forming B cells and augmented T-suppressor cell activity in three patients with agammaglobulinemia. Lithium chloride increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and inhibited suppressor cell activity. In the presence of lithium, the effects of all the drugs except dibutyryl cyclic AMP could be prevented. The data suggest a role for lithium in the modulation of cyclic AMP-dependent events in lymphocytes. Its potential role as an inhibitor of suppressor cell activity warrants further attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelfand, E W -- Dosch, H M -- Hastings, B -- Shore, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):365-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/216075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albuterol/antagonists & inhibitors ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Bucladesine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclic AMP/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; *Immunosuppression ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/*drug effects ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; *Rosette Formation ; Theophylline/antagonists & inhibitors
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  • 52
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    Automatic classification of electroencephalograms: Kullback-Leibler nearest neighbor rules (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: A prototypic problem in screening of electroencephalograms in the automatic classification of stationary electroencephalogram time series is treated here by the Kullback-Leibler nearest neighbor rule approach. In that problem, the category or state of an individual is classified by comparison of his or her electroencephalogram with those taken from other individuals in the alternative categories. The Kullback-Leibler nearest neighbor classification rules yield a statistically reliable estimate of the smallest possible probability of electroencephalogram misclassification with a relatively small number of labeled sample electroencephalograms. The automatic classification of anesthesia levels L1 and L3, respectively the anesthesia levels insufficient and sufficient for deep surgery, is treated by machine computation on the electroencephalogram alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gersch, W -- Martinelli, F -- Yonemoto, J -- Low, M D -- Mc Ewan, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthetics/*pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Electroencephalography/*standards ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Education of the handicapped (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavin, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/157521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disabled Persons ; *Education ; Humans ; Jurisprudence
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  • 54
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    Flurazepam and insomnia (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillin, J C -- Mendelson, W B -- Dement, W C -- Solomon, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):954-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Anxiety Agents/*adverse effects ; Flurazepam/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Sleep/drug effects
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  • 55
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    Commissural transmission in humans (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gould, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):531.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Corpus Callosum/physiology ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Retina/physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 56
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    Electroencephalogram correlates of higher cortical functions (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-02-16
    Description: By means of two-stage, nonlinear multivariate pattern recognition, electroencephalograms (EEG's) were analyzed during performance of verbal and spatial tasks. Complex scalp distributions of theta-, beta-, and, to a lesser extent, alpha-band spectral intensities discriminated between the two members of a pair of tasks, such as writing sentences and Koh's block design. Small EEG asymmetries were probably attributable to limb movements and other uncontrolled noncognitive aspects of tasks. Significant EEG differences beteeen cognitive tasks were eliminated when controls for inter-task differences in efferent activity, stimulus characteristics, and performance-related factors were introduced. Each controlled task was associated with an approximately 10 percent reduction, as compared with visual fixation, in the magnitude of alpha- and beta-band spectral intensity. This effect occurred bilaterally and was approximately the same over occipital, parietal, and central regions, with some minor difference over the frontal region in the beta band. With these controls, no evidence for lateralization of different cognitive functions was found in the EEG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Zeitlin, G M -- Doyle, J C -- Yingling, C D -- Schaffer, R E -- Callaway, E -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; *Electroencephalography ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Movement ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
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    Developmental dyslexia: research methods and inferences (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, K -- Rothenberg, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1364-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Brain/physiopathology ; Dyslexia/*physiopathology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Research Design
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    Human skin fibroblasts derived from papillary and reticular dermis: differences in growth potential in vitro (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: Papillary fibroblasts, when compared to reticular fibroblasts from the same skin specimen, exhibit greater proliferative capacities in vitro. These results demonstrate a difference in function between morphologically similar cells obtained from the same tissue. Such findings represent an important consideration in the study of cell aging in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harper, R A -- Grove, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):526-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Skin/*cytology
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  • 59
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    Radioimmunoassay of the insulin receptor: a new probe of receptor structure and function (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-09
    Description: A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for the insulin receptor has been developed employing receptor autoantibodies from the serum of a patient with insulin-resistant diabetes. The assay detects insulin binding sites at concentrations as low as 0.1 nanomolar; distinguishes between receptors originating from human placental membranes, human lymphoblastoid cells, and mouse liver membranes; and measures the receptor independently of its binding function. Down-regulation, or loss of binding after exposure to insulin, is associated with loss of immunoreactive receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, L C -- Flier, J -- Itin, A -- Kahn, C R -- Roth, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 9;203(4380):544-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/83675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Liver/analysis ; Lymphocytes/analysis ; Mice ; Placenta/analysis ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Receptor, Insulin/analysis/*immunology ; Solubility
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    Defects of bile acid synthesis in Zellweger's syndrome (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: Abnormal mitochondrial structure and function have been documented in patients with Zellweger's syndrome (cerebrohepatorenal syndrome). In vitro studies have suggested that the formation of C24 bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) from C27 cholesterol requires mitochondrial oxidative clevage of the terminal three carbons of the side chain. Therefore, three patients with Zellweger's syndrome were examined for the presence of mitochondrial defects in bile acid synthesis. All three excreted excessive amounts of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oicacid, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid, and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24 xi-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (varanic acid), precursors of chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid that have undergone only partial side chain oxidation. These findings give added support to the role of mitochondrial oxidative side chain cleavage in the overall scheme of bile acid synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanson, R F -- Szczepanik-VanLeeuwen, P -- Williams, G C -- Grabowski, G -- Sharp, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1107-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bile Acids and Salts/*biosynthesis/urine ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability/*metabolism ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/*metabolism ; Liver Diseases/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Syndrome
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    Specific nonopiate receptors for beta-endorphin (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: Iodinated beta H-[2-D-alanine]endorphin exhibits specific binding to cultured human lymphocytes. The binding is inhibited by low concentrations of beta-endorphin and its D-alanine derivative, but is not affected by opiate agonists and antagonists, or by enkephalin analogs, beta-lipotropin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, or alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; this suggests the existence of a specific, non-opiate binding site (receptor) for beta-endorphin. The carboxy-terminal region of beta-endorphin is essential for this binding activity, since alpha-endorphin is not active. beta-Endorphin may be a circulating hormone with peripheral physiological effects that are not primarily mediated through interactions with opiate or enkephalin receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hazum, E -- Chang, K J -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1033-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Endorphins/blood/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Smallpox death in Britain challenges presumption of laboratory safety (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkes, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):855-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Laboratories/*standards ; Peer Review ; Safety ; Smallpox/*etiology ; World Health Organization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cancer and environment: Higginson speaks out (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higginson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1363-4, 1366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior ; *Carcinogens ; Diet ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Neoplasms/*etiology ; Stress, Psychological/complications
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stimulation of human periaqueductal gray for pain relief increases immunoreactive beta-endorphin in ventricular fluid (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-01-19
    Description: Immunoreactive beta-endorphin was measured in the ventricular fluid of six patients with chronic pain. Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter in three patients with pain of peripheral origin resulted in significant increases (50 to 300 percent) in the concentration of ventricular immunoreactive beta-endorphin. In three other patients suffering deafferentation dysesthesia, stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule did not alter the concentration of this peptide. These results provide evidence of the release of human immunoreactive beta-endorphin in vivo and suggest that naloxone-reversible pain relief achieved by stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter may be in part mediated by the activation of beta-endorphin-rich diencephalic areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hosobuchi, Y -- Rossier, J -- Bloom, F E -- Guillemin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 19;203(4377):279-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/83674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Electric Stimulation ; Endorphins/*cerebrospinal fluid/immunology ; Enkephalins/cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palliative Care/methods ; Radioimmunoassay
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    Tissue perfusion rate determined from the decay of oxygen-15 activity after photon activation in situ (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Rates of cerebral perfusion were obtained from measurements of the disappearance (wash-out) of oxygen-15 after in situ tissue activation with 45-million-volt x-rays. In an anesthetized cat, typical values were 90 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 55 percent wash-out. In a specific radiotherapy patient, the value was 65 milliliters per minute per 100 grams of tissue, with 63 percent wash-out of oxygen-15 through incorporation into tissue water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, W L -- Nussbaum, G H -- Connolly, R -- Emami, B -- Reilly, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*blood supply ; Cats ; Humans ; Neoplasms/blood supply ; Oxygen/*blood/radiation effects ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; *Regional Blood Flow ; X-Rays
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    Risk with energy from conventional and nonconventional sources (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-02-23
    Description: Risk to human health was compared for five conventional and six nonconventional energy systems. The entire cycle for producing energy was considered, not just part. The most important conclusion drawn is that the risk to human health from nonconventional sources can be as high as, or even higher than, that of conventional sources. This result is produced only when the risk per unit energy is considered, rather than the risk per solar panel or windmill. The risk from nonconventional energy sources derives from the large amount of material and labor needed, along with their backup and storage requirements. Risk evaluation is a relatively new discipline, and therefore the results presented here can be considered only a beginning. However, society should keep relative risk in mind when evaluating present and future energy sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inhaber, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 23;203(4382):718-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Industrial Waste ; Occupational Medicine ; *Power Plants ; *Public Health ; Risk
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    DNA polymerase with characteristics of reverse transcriptase purified from human milk (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: A DNA polymerase purified from a particulate fraction of human milk has biochemical and biophysical properties similar to those of viral reverse transcriptases. This enzyme is immunologically distinct from cellular DNA polymerases obtained from a variety of human sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kantor, J A -- Lee, Y H -- Chirikjian, J G -- Feller, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):511-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/86209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/immunology/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/immunology/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity ; Templates, Genetic
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    Control of oscillations in hematopoiesis (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: Results of a mathematical analysis of models of hematopoietic systems introduced by Mackey and Glass are given. The models include a constant time lag, and it is shown that this lag has a critical value above which oscillations in blood cell concentration occur. To reduce the likelihood of disease associated with such oscillations, physiologists should seek to learn how to increase this critical value of the lag.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazarinoff, N D -- van denDriessche, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1348-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/284587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/physiopathology ; *Models, Biological ; *Periodicity
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    On the nature of human interlimb coordination (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: Movement time varies as a function of amplitude and requirements for precision, according to Fitts' law, but when subjects perform two-handed movements to targets of widely disparate difficulty they do so simultaneously. The hand moving to an "easy" target moves more slowly to accommodate its "difficult" counterpart, yet both hands reach peak velocity and acceleration synchronously. This result suggests that the brain produces simultaneity of action not by controlling each limb independently, but by organizing functional groupings of muscles that are constrained to act as a single unit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelso, J A -- Southard, D L -- Goodman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):1029-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Motor Skills/*physiology ; *Movement
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    Hybrid myelomas producing antibodies against a human neuroblastoma antigen present on fetal brain (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: Spleen cells from mice immunized with a cultured human neuroblastoma were hybridized with the mouse plasmacytoma P3X63Ag8. Hybrid myelomas were screened for production of antibodies that reacted with human neuroblastomas but not with cells from other tissues. One of these hybridoma antibodies reacted with an antigen present on the six human neuroblastomas tested, one of two retinoblastomas, a glioblastoma, and fetal brain, but did not react with other tumors or tissues including adult human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennett, R H -- Gilbert, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1120-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis ; Brain/embryology/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; Glioma/immunology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Myeloma Proteins/immunology ; Neuroblastoma/*immunology ; Retinoblastoma/*immunology
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    Candidiasis: detection by gas-liquid chromatography of D-arabinitol, a fungal metabolite, in human serum (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: D-Arabinitol was identified as a major metabolite of Candida species in human subjects. Gas-liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentration of D-arabinitol in serum. The study included subjects who were healthy and cancer patients who had proven invasive candidiasis or were colonized with Candida. D-Arabinitol concentrations greater than 1.0 microgram per milliliter were found in serum from patients with invasive infection. This technique may prove valuable in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiehn, T E -- Bernard, E M -- Gold, J W -- Armstrong, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):577-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabinose/analogs & derivatives/blood ; Candidiasis/blood/*diagnosis ; Chromatography, Gas ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sugar Alcohols/*blood
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    Human serum fucosyltransferase and tumor therapy (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kessel, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fucosyltransferases/*blood ; Hexosyltransferases/*blood ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*enzymology ; Substrate Specificity
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    Informed consent may be hazardous to health (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loftus, E F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disclosure ; Humans ; *Informed Consent ; Placebos ; Research Design ; *Risk Assessment
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    A correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and plasma prolactin concentrations in man (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: Increases in plasma prolactin concentrations produced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, varied inversely with baseline platelet monoamine oxidase activity in 12 patients with chronic schizophrenia. In normal volunteers with low monoamine oxidase activity and in unmedicated patients with chronic schizophrenia, plasma prolactin concentrations varied directly with platelet monoamine oxidase activity. No such relationship was found in normal subjects with high platelet monoamine oxidase activity. These data suggest that platelet monoamine oxidase activity reflects monoaminergic activity in the tubero-infundibular system, which in turn affects plasma prolactin concentrations. This relationship may be important in patients with low platelet monoamine oxidase activity, such as some chronic schizophrenics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleinman, J E -- Potkin, S -- Rogol, A -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Murphy, D L -- Gillin, J C -- Nasrallah, H A -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Platelets/*enzymology ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Monoamine Oxidase/*blood ; Prolactin/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood
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    3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol production by human brain in vivo (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: A direct method has been employed to estimate the rate of production by human brain of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol, the major metabolite of brain norepinephrine, a brain neurotransmitter. Venous specimens were obtained from the internal jugular vein from ten awake human subjects at a puncture site above the common facial vein, the first major source of extracranial inflow. Arterial specimens were simultaneously obtained from the radial artery. Plasma samples were assayed and a highly significant difference was found in the concentration of the metabolite in plasma coming out of the brain (venous blood) as compared to plasma entering the brain (arterial blood). This venous-arterial difference was calculated to be 0.7 +/- 0.1 nanogram per milliliter of blood. Assuming an adult brain weight of 1400 grams and normal cerebral blood flow, it is estimated that the rate of production of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol by the awake human brain is approximately 597 nanograms per minute or 35.8 micrograms per hour. Urine specimens were also collected from six of these subjects during a period of 1 to 3.5 hours, which bracketed the time the blood samples were obtained. For these six subjects the output of 3-methyoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol by whole brain was estimated to be 40.9 micrograms per hour, whereas the rate of its excretion into urine was 64.5 micrograms per hour.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maas, J W -- Hattox, S E -- Greene, N M -- Landis, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1025-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Glycols/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine/metabolism
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    Smooth pursuit eye movements: is perceived motion necessary? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: It has recently been shown that perceived motion, in the absence of any appropriate retinal motion, is a sufficient stimulus to generate smooth pursuit eye motions. This raises the question of whether perceived motion is necessary for pursuit. In three experiments we obtained a negative answer to this question: retinal motion always governed pursuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mack, A -- Fendrich, R -- Pleune, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1361-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Retina/physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    [3H]GABA binding in brains from Huntington's chorea patients: altered regulation by phospholipids? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: Binding sites for tritum-labeled gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cerebellar cortex of Huntington's chorea patients have an increased affinity but unaltered maximum capacity as compared to binding sites in tissue from control patients. A similar binding pattern is produced in control membranes by treatment with Triton X-100, phospholipase C, or glycerophosphoethanolamine. Thus, it is likely that phospholipids or their metabolites regulate the accessibility of the GABA binding site and that this regulation is abnormal in Huntington's chorea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, K G -- Davidson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1147-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebellar Cortex/*metabolism ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Lipids ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/physiology ; Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Hydroxylase cofactor activity in cerebrospinal fluid of normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: A method for measuring hydroxylase cofactor activity in human cerebrospinal fluid is described. The hydroxylase cofactor content of cerebrsopinal fluid from Parkinsonian patients is approximately 50 percent that of normal subjects. A significant correlation between hydroxylase cofactor and the concentration of homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovenberg, W -- Levine, R A -- Robinson, D S -- Ebert, M -- Williams, A C -- Calne, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):624-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopterin/analogs & derivatives/analysis/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Methods ; Parkinson Disease/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Pteridines/*cerebrospinal fluid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Imbalance in X-chromosome expression: evidence for a human X-linked gene affecting growth of hemopoietic cells (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: In each of six family members who were heterozygous at the X-linked locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, only one or the other of the two alleles at that locus was almost exclusively expressed. The data are consistent with evidence that X-chromosome inactivation is a random process that may be followed by selection for one of the two resulting cell types on the basis of an unknown gene, which is located on the X chromosome and which can affect the rate of proliferation of hemopoietic cells in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luzzatto, L -- Usanga, E A -- Bienzle, U -- Esan, G F -- Fusuan, F A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1418-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Erythrocytes/enzymology ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood/genetics ; *Hematopoiesis ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Leukocytes/enzymology ; *Mosaicism ; *Sex Chromosomes ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Treatment reduces deaths from hypertension (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1386-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    New treatment for coronary artery disease (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 23;206(4421):917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Assisted Circulation/*methods ; Cardiology/trends ; Coronary Disease/*surgery ; Humans ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/*methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Sex hormones and brain development (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Preoptic Area/growth & development ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Scientists attack report that obstetrical medications endanger children (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 27;204(4391):391-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/87012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthesia, Obstetrical/*adverse effects ; Child ; Child Development/*drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Developmental Disabilities/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor, Obstetric ; Methods ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Withholding medical treatment (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):882-3, 885.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; *Judicial Role ; *Jurisprudence ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Terminal Care/*standards ; *Withholding Treatment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    The phenformin ban: is the drug an imminent hazard? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1094-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Lactates/blood ; Legislation, Drug ; Phenformin/adverse effects/*standards ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    An independent approach to science (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):292-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History of Medicine ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/blood/*diagnosis ; Research Design ; Research Support as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    New drugs and the brain (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 24;205(4408):774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/379998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; France ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Psychotropic Drugs/*history/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Mental disorders: a new approach to treatment? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):36-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/364653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Choline/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dementia/drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/drug therapy ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Blood sugar and the complications of diabetes (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1098-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/*metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus/*blood/drug therapy ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Neural Conduction ; Sorbitol/adverse effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Controversy over study of diabetes drugs continues for nearly a decade (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):986-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/370980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diabetes Mellitus/*drug therapy ; Drug Information Services ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects/history/*standards ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation, Drug/*history ; Phenformin/adverse effects ; Research Design/standards ; Tolbutamide/adverse effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/history
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Is labile hypertension a myth (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 4;204(4392):489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Statistics as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Moment of inertia: psychophysical study of an overlooked sensation (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: The distribution of mass in an object held in the hand, as described by its moment of inertia, is a fundamental and potent but largely unrecognized contributor to the object's "feel." A limited set of experiments has produced Weber fractions for human differential sensitivity to this property in the approximate range of 1/5 to 1/3, which is about ten times the Weber fraction reported for lifted weights.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kreifeldt, J G -- Chuang, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):588-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biophysical Phenomena ; *Biophysics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Weight Perception/*physiology
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  • 93
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    Nutrition program (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kretchmer, N -- Hegsted, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1084-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government Agencies ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Research Support as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Drugging of football players curbed by central monitoring plan, NFL claims (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):626-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphetamines ; *Football ; Humans ; *Sports Medicine ; *Substance-Related Disorders
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  • 95
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    Laetrile's day in court (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 9;203(4380):528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11643489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amygdalin ; *Civil Rights ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; *Patient Care ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Terminally Ill
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Visiting experts find the "mystery disease" of Naples is a common virus (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 9;203(4384):980-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Italy ; *Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
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  • 97
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    Parkinson's disease: search for better therapies (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 23;203(4382):737-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bromocriptine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Levodopa/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Oligopeptides/therapeutic use ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
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  • 98
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    The annual Pap smear: an idea whose time has gone? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):177-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening/*economics ; Middle Aged ; *Papanicolaou Test ; Risk ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Vaginal Smears/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 99
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    The HDL: the good cholestrol carriers? (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/223241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Cholesterol/*blood/metabolism ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology ; Risk ; Running ; Sex Factors ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Panel urges wide use of antiviral drug (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1058-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/386515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amantadine/history/*therapeutic use ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control/*therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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