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  • 1
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    Hormone changes triggered by aggression in a natural population of blackbirds (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: The concentrations of hormones in the plasma of male red-winged blackbirds caught at the height of an aggressive encounter are significantly different from those in males that have not recently engaged in aggressive behavior. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone in the plasma are decreased in the aggressive males, whereas androgen concentrations are affected in a more complex manner. Concentrations of corticoids do not appear to be affected by aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harding, C F -- Follett, B K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):918-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/570304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Birds/*physiology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Dihydrotestosterone/blood ; Hormones/*blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Testosterone/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photoperiodic control of reproduction inCoturnix quail. The temporal pattern of LH Secretion (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 93 (1974), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Secretion of LH in quail is a photoperiodically-controlled response. The temporal pattern of secretion was determined in an attempt to gain information on the possible rhythmic nature of secretion of this hormone. Sexually mature birds undergoing gonadal regression in response to short photoperiods (8L∶16D) had low plasma levels of LH but showed markedly increased titres after restimulation with a single long photoperiod (20L∶4D). Secretion of the gonadotrophin occurred late in the photoperiod some 18–19 hr from “dawn” and persisted at a high level during the period of darkness; during a second long photoperiod plasma levels decreased in the first few hours but then the pattern of secretion recurred at a similar time to that in day 1 (Figs. 2, 4). When regressing birds were restimulated with daylengths of 14L∶10D, LH secretion was still delayed until some 18 hr from dawn, occurring under these conditions during the dark period (Fig. 3). If LH secretion results from processes initiated during coincidence of light with a “sensitive” phase of a rhythm of photoinducibility, it would appear that there is a delay of several hours between such coincidence and pituitary response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606799
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mole Ratios of the Neurohypophysial Hormones in the Vertebrate Neural Lobe (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 693-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All the lower vertebrates so far investigated3-6 (with the exception of the elasmobranch fishes4'5) elaborate arginine vasotocin as their pressor-antidiuretic hormon Most of these vertebrate groups produce also a second neurohypophysial hormone which in bioassays has pronounced oxytocic but little ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198693a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological Characteristics of Neuro-hypophysial Hormones in Lungfish and Amphibians (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 611-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Further investigations of the unidentified oxytocic principle obtained from the African lungfish (Protopterus) and the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus sp.) showed that it behaved in many ways like oxytocin: its RF in the solvent system n-butanol acetic acid/water (4:1:5) could not be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/199611a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formal properties of the circadian system underlying photoperiodic time-measurement in Japanese quail (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 145 (1982), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The photosensitive phase for the photoperiodic response of Japanese quail was delineated with 3 h main photoperiods and 0.25 h night breaks in cycles (T) of 24 and 27 h. UnderT24 there was one peak of induction of testicular growth and luteinizing hormone release, while underT27 there were two, the first of which had a phase angle which was about 1.5 h more positive than that of the peak inT24. In contrast, the phase angle of locomotor activity underT27 was 3–4 h more positive than underT24. During entrainment to 1 h photoperiods in cycles between 19.1 and 25.7 h in length the rate of testicular growth (k) remained close to zero even though the subjective night of the activity rhythm was illuminated in some treatments. The ratek also remained close to zero when quail were exposed to 3 h photoperiods in cycles between 21 and 36 h in length, and underT30 the critical daylength for photoperiodic induction was only 1.5 h shorter than that underT24. The results suggest that asT is altered the changes in the phase angle of the photoinducible phase are smaller than those of the rhythm of locomotor activity, indicating the involvement of oscillators with different entrainment properties. This hypothesis is neither supported nor excluded by consideration of the internal coincidence model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic activation of Fos-like immunoreactive protein in neurones within the tuberal hypothalamus of Japanese quail (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Japanese quail ; Coturnix coturnix japonica Photoperiodism ; c-fos ; Immediate early genes fos-like immunoreactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Photoperiodic stimulation of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) resulted in the appearance of a nuclear fos-like protein within neurones of the basal tuberal hypothalamus. On transfer to long days the number of neurones containing this fos-like immunoreactivity increased from about 150 to 700, the neurones being scattered throughout the length of the tubero-infundibular complex. This activation had occurred by early in the second long day and was maintained for at least three long days. Over this period circulating levels of LH increased seven-fold, indicating that photoperiodic induction had taken place in the birds. A similar time-course of fos-like induction occurred in castrated quail exposed to a single long day and then returned to short days. Activation mirrored the long-term changes in LH secretion found in this paradigm and fos-like immunoreactivity showed the same “carry-over” characteristics of photoperiodic induction, being maximal two days after the quail had been exposed to the single long day (and were again on short days) and when LH secretion was at its maximum. Activation of fos-like immunoreactive cells did not take place when long-day quail were transferred to short photoperiods. The evidence supports the view that the neurones being activated are involved in a specific fashion in the avian photoperiodic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197754
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pineal and hypothalamic pacemakers: Their role in regulating circadian rhythmicity in Japanese quail (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 144 (1981), S. 381-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neither pinealectomy nor administration of melatoninvia silastic capsules had any effect on free-running circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The quail, like the chicken, therefore differs from sparrows and starlings in which pinealectomy dramatically disrupts free-running rhythms. Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that there are fundamental differences in circadian organisation within the Class Aves. The effects of lesions within the supraoptic region (SOR) of the hypothalamus were similar to those which follow the ablation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in sparrows, rats and hamsters, causing the breakdown of free-running rhythms of locomotor activity, but not necessarily an arrhythmic state. The SOR and SCN appear then to have homologous functions in birds and mammals. Differences in circadian organisation, such as the degree of influence of the pineal gland and the particular photoreceptors used for entrainment, may therefore be modifications peripheral to the fundamental components of the circadian clock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612570
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formal properties of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in Japanese quail (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 145 (1982), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Japanese quail have a circadian rhythm of locomotor activity whose free-run period (τ) in constant darkness (DD) was 22.5±0.1 h (45). A phase response curve of typical form was obtained by illuminating the free-running rhythm with single 1 h light pulses. Using entrainment theory a derived phase response curve was calculated from the phase relationships between the locomotor rhythm and 1 h light periods in light-dark cycles of various lengths (T). Although the limits of entrainment to theseT cycles differed slightly from those predicted, there was a close correlation between the two phase response curves. The phase relationships between the locomotor rhythm and 1–9 h photoperiods in 24 h cycles were in general accord with a prediction based on the short free-run period and the relative sizes of the delay and advance portions of the phase response curve for 1 h light pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619343
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a daily rhythmicity in the acute release of luteinizing hormone in response to electrical stimulation in the Japanese quail (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 161 (1987), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to examine the effect of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus at different times of day on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in male castrated quail on short days (8L∶16D). The posterior hypothalamus was stimulated with square-wave pulses of 80 μA for 2 min through chronically-implanted platinum microelectrodes. Stimulation was carried out on each quail at 4 (treatment A), 10 (B), or 14 h (C) after dawn. Plasma LH levels were increased markedly within 2 min of ending the stimulation but reached basal levels again over the next 20 min or so. The absolute increase was significantly greater in treatment B (10 h after lights on) than at the other times tested. This is consistent with a rhythm in hypothalamic responsivity. The results are discussed in the context of the rhythm of photoinducibility which occurs early in the night and which is used by quail as a photoperiodic clock to regulate seasonal reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615251
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of a rhodopsin-like photopigment in the photoperiodic response of the Japanese quail (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1985), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A technique has been developed for the investigation of the photopigment involved in the photoperiodic control of reproduction in Japanese quail,Coturnix coturnix. When these photoreceptors were exposed to white or monochromatic light a clear relationship was found between light intensity and the extent of photo-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. A spectroradiometric investigation of the passage of light through the skull and brain enabled us to illuminate the hypothalamic region with equal numbers of photons at a range of wavelengths. Action spectra were then conducted and showed a photopigment with a peak sensitivity at wavelengths near 500 nm. An excellent match was obtained when the standard absorption spectrum for a rhodopsin was fitted to the action spectrum, suggesting a rhodopsin maximally sensitive at 492 nm. The absolute sensitivity of the photoreceptors was calculated at a range of wavelengths: with light at 500 nm, 2.85×10−12 μE·cm−2·s−1 triggered the photoperiodic response. This level of sensitivity is matched only by the rhodopsin visual pigments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615153
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