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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3,281)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (3,123)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,099)
  • Seismicity
  • 1980-1984  (8,073)
  • 1940-1944  (630)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    An extensive region of off-ridge normal-faulting earthquakes in the southern Indian Ocean (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Paris, Pergamon, vol. 89, no. 9, pp. 2425-2443, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Seismology ; Nabelek ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Spatial seismicity variations and asperities in the New Hebrides seismic zone (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 89, no. B7, pp. 5891-5903, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake asperities ; Subduction zone ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Earthquake triggering during preparation for great earthquakes (1984)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 11, no. B7, pp. 291-294, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Background seismicity rates and precursory seismic quiescence: Imperial Valley, California (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Warszawa, Eötvös Lorand Geophysical Institute of Hungaria, vol. 74, no. B7, pp. 1743-1755, pp. 2342, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    Erdbeben in Deutschland (1984)
    In:  Bild der Wissenschaft, Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 102-108, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Earthquake ; Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Information theory and the earthquake frequency-magnitude distribution (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., San Francisco, Pergamon, vol. 74, no. B3, pp. 1409-1426, pp. 1447, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; mathematics ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Patterns of earthquakes and the effect of solid earth and ocean load tides at mount St. Helens prior to the May 18, 1980, eruptions (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., New York, August, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 3075-3086, pp. TC2016, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Pattern recognition ; Earth tides ; TIDES ; Correlation ; triggering ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Correlation of foreshocks and aftershocks and asperities (1984)
    In:  Pageoph, Berlin, Ges. f. Geowissenschaften e.V., vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 878-893, pp. RG1003, 25 pp., (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake asperities ; Aftershocks ; Fore-shocks
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    Seismicity and waveforms of the microearthquakes before and after the Shizuoka-Seibu earthquake, central Japan (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 74, no. 8, pp. 605-620, pp. L12S09, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Source parameters ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 10
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    Earthquake frequency and prediction (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 255-266, pp. B08307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 11
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    Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in central and eastern Asia (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 6203-6227, pp. L01306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismicity ; China ; India ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 12
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    Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan (1984)
    In:  Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 77, no. 47, pp. 185-264, pp. L07302, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Fault zone ; NAF ; GJRAS
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 13
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    Evidence for magma intrusion during the Mammoth Lakes earthquakes of May 1980 and implications of the absence of volcanic (harmonic) tremor (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 7689-7696
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Volcanology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 14
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    Seismicity and dynamics of the Upper Rhinegraben (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1-12, pp. L15S17, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; Fault zone ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 15
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    Centroid-moment tensor solutions for July-September 1983 (1984)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 1-8 or 129-136 , pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 16
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    Centroid-moment tensor solutions for October-December 1983 (1984)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 129-136 or 1-8 , pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 17
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    An inhomogeneous fault model for gaps, asperities, barriers, and seismicity migration (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 10219-10231, pp. 1517, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; Fault zone ; Seismicity ; Non-linear effects ; Migration of earthquakes ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; SModelling ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 18
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    A seismotectonic analysis of the Anza seismic gap, San Jacinto fault zone, southern California (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. 9-12, pp. 5873-5890, pp. 1009, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Fault zone ; Tectonics ; Seismicity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 19
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    Earthquake swarm in Long Valley Caldera, California, January 1983: Evidence for dyke inflation (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Hokkaido University, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 89, no. B2, pp. 8315-8324, pp. B02403, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Volcanology ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 20
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    Some elements of continental subduction along the Himalayan front (1984)
    In:  Tectonophys., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 105, no. 1-4, pp. 263-278, pp. 1006, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; China ; Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 21
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    Why is seismic activity low in Antarctica? (1984)
    In:  Antarctic Record, Kunming, China, AGU, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 29-36, pp. 2211, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Plate tectonics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 22
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    Intraplate seismicity and stresses in young oceanic lithosphere (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kunming, China, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 89, no. B10, pp. 11442-11464, pp. B10303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Plate tectonics ; Stress ; Geol. aspects ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 23
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    Seismotectonics and seismology in the Arab region: A brief summary and future plans (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Dordrecht, D. Reidel, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1011-1030
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 24
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    Asperities, barriers, characteristic earthquakes and strong motion prediction (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 89, no. 1-2, pp. 5867-5872
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake asperities ; Earthquake barriers ; Seismicity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 25
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    An earthquake doublet in Ometepec, Guerrero, Mexico (1984)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Minsk, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 24-45, pp. B12308
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake ; PEPI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 26
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    Microearthquakes and the nature of the creeping-to-locked transition of the San Andreas fault zone near San Juan Bautista, California (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Washington D.C., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 235-254, pp. L09611
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault zone ; Creep observations and analysis ; Earthquake asperities ; Seismicity ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 27
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    Deep seismicity and modes of deformation in Tonga subduction zone (1984)
    In:  Nature, Bonn, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 307, no. 3-5, pp. 505-509, pp. 1056, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 28
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    Hypocentral trend surface analysis: Probing the geometry of Benioff zones (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 89, no. 3-4, pp. 6153-6170, pp. 1246
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 29
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    Seismicity simulation with a mass-spring model and a displacement hardening-softening friction law (1984)
    In:  Pageoph, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 10-24, pp. 2501, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: models
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 30
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    Centroid-moment tensor solutions for January-March 1984 (1984)
    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Interiors, Luxembourg, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. 34, no. 24, pp. 209-219, pp. B05309, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Moment tensor ; Source parameters ; Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; PEPI ; Dziewonski
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 31
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    Seismic evidence for an ancient rift beneath the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee: A detailed analysis of broadband teleseismic P waveforms (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 7783-7795, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Broad-band ; Seismology ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; Tectonics ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 32
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    Crustal structure and distribution of earthquakes (1984)
    In:  Gerl. Beitr. Geophys., Philadelphia, Wiley, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 125-132, pp. 1264, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: CRUST ; Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Stress ; Rheology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 33
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    Roughness at the base of the seismogenic zone: Contributing factors (1984)
    89
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, 89, vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 5791-5799, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Friction ; Seismicity ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 34
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    Lateral offsets and revised dates of large prehistoric earthquakes at Pallett Creek, southern California (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 7641-7670, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Source parameters ; Fault zone ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 35
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    Holocene activity on the San Andreas fault at Wallace Creek, California (1984)
    In:  Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Dordrecht, National Academy of Sciences of the USA, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 883-896, pp. TC5003, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Geol. aspects ; Source parameters ; Fault zone
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 36
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    A Collection of Papers of International Symposium on Continental Seismicity and Earthquake Prediction (ISCSEP) (1984)
    Seismological Press
    In:  Beijing, China, Seismological Press, vol. 15, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Proceedings of a conference
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 37
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    Central Mississippi Valley Earthquake Bulletin (1984)
    Saint Louis University
    In:  Garland, Saint Louis University, vol. 1, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 0-08-043930-6)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 38
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    Seismicity pattern over the preparatory process of strong earthquakes (1984)
    Seismological Press
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 100-110, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 39
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    Contribution of the down-hole observation of crustal activity to earthquake prediction (1984)
    Seismological Press
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 14, no. 86-425, pp. 430-439, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; CRUST ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 40
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    Seismic potentiality of the central and eastern Mediterranean region (1984)
    Publ. Off. "Nauka"
    In:  Earthquakes and Geological Hazard Prediction colloquium 06, reports vol. 6, 27th Internatl. Geological Congress, 4-14 August 1984, Moscow, Publ. Off. "Nauka", vol. 10, no. 13, pp. 1-217
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; Grecce ; Turkey ; Italy ; Spain ; Algeria
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 41
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    Earthquake activity and tectonics of the Himalaya and its surrounding regions (1984)
    Cambridge Univ. Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., International Karakorum Project, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 221-235, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Tectonics ; China
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 42
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    Seismic pattern in northern China and its analysis (1984)
    Inst. of Geophys., Chin. Acad. Sci.
    In:  preprint, Paris, Inst. of Geophys., Chin. Acad. Sci., vol. 10, no. PL-TR-91-2231, pp. 193-197
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    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Statistical investigations
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  • 43
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    Seismotectonics of the Himalayan collision zone: geometry of the underthrusting Indian plate beneath the Himalaya (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Tokyo, Dt. Geophys. Ges., vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 1147-1163, pp. L06615, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Tectonics ; Plate tectonics ; Seismicity ; Fault zone ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 44
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    A sequence of seismic activity in the Kanto area precursory to the 1923 Kanto earthquake (1984)
    In:  Pageoph, Charleston, South Carolina, California Division of Mines San Francisco, vol. 122, no. 7, pp. 848-862, pp. 2489, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 45
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    Branching mechanism of the Xianshui river fault zone and its relationship with earthquake activities (1984)
    In:  J. Seism. Res., New York, Scientific American, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 745-755, pp. B11404, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Fault zone ; China ; Geol. aspects ; Seismicity ; JSR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 46
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    The earthquake deformation cycle, recurrence, and the time-predictable model (1984)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, AGU, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 5674-5680, pp. B12310, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 47
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    Historical seismicity and rates of crustal deformation along the margins of the Ordos Block, northern China (1984)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, D. Reidel Publishing Company, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 1767-1784, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Earthquake catalog ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; BSSA ; FROTH ; (abstract)
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  • 48
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    Spatial and temporal variations in the Andean subduction zone (1984)
    In:  J. geol. Soc. London, Köln, Elsevier, vol. 141, no. 5, pp. 783-791, pp. 1015, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Seismicity ; age ; Lithosphere ; Geol. aspects ; South ; America ; Chile ; Coccos ; Nazca ; nokms
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  • 49
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    Similarity of two Li-yang earthquakes (1984)
    In:  Pageoph, Reykjavík, Icelandic Meteorological Office, Ministry for the Environment, University of Iceland, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 894-900, pp. L01305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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  • 50
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    Mat á jardskjálftahættu: Dysnes, Geldinganes, Helguvík, Vatnsleysuvík, Vogastapi og Thorlákshöfn (1984)
    Stadarvalsnefnd um idnrekstur, Idnadarráduneytíd
    In:  Reykjavík, Stadarvalsnefnd um idnrekstur, Idnadarráduneytíd, vol. 167, no. XVI:, pp. 385-389, (ISBN 0-12-305355-2)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: historical ; Seismicity ; Iceland
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  • 51
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    Geologische Katastrophen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt. Vulkane, Erdbeben, Bergstürze (1984)
    Thun
    In:  Bonn, Thun, vol. 54, no. XVI:, pp. 9-66, (ISBN: 3486274473, 2. Auflage 2004, xxiv, 244 Seiten)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Seismicity ; Geol. aspects
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  • 52
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    Nordrhein-Westfalen, Teutoburger Wald (1984)
    Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Erdbeben in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1981, Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 65, no. XVI:, pp. 20-22, (ISBN: 3-540-23712-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake catalog ; Seismicity ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism ; Source parameters
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  • 53
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    A review of the seismicity patterns (1984)
    Seismological Press
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., A Collection of Papers of the International Symposium on Continental Seismicity (ISCSEP), Beijing, Seismological Press, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 11-42, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; China
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  • 54
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    The seismicity of the New Madrid seismic zone (1984)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    In:  Open-File Report, Kiel, U.S. Geological Survey, vol. C 560, 183 pp., no. 84-770, pp. 267-278, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
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    Publication Date: 1984
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismicity
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  • 55
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    Classification of volcanoes of the Kane Patera Quadrangle of Io: Proportions of lava flows and pyroclastic flows (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Voyager 1 images show 14 volcanic centers wholly or partly within the Kane Patera quadrangle of Io, which are divided into four major classes: (1) shield with parallel flows; (2) shield with early radial fan shapd flows; (3) shield with radial fan shaped flows, surfaces of flows textured with longitudinal ridges; and (4) depression surrounded by plateau-forming scarp-bounded, untextured deposits. The interpretation attempted here hinges largely on the ability to distinguish lava flows from pyroclastic flows by remote sensing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 127-129
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  • 56
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    Interpretation of planetary stress systems: Determination of tectonic over-printing in Northwest Wyoming (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Structural and tectonic interpretations of planetary surfaces rely strongly on visual determination of regional structural grain. This grain can be very complex and confusing, and sorting out of discrete trends in time and space is of utmost importance. This study is a test of these techniques applied to a well known area having several discrete structural grains. In the Bighorn Basin region of Wyoming, a largely overlooked N10E structural grain has been verified with detailed structural analysis and indicates a significant change in stress orientation at the end of the Laramide orogeny.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 307-309
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  • 57
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    Volcanism in the Valles Marineris (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Tectoism in the Valles Marineris appears to have been accompanied by volcanism. The proposed volcanic features, though probably contemporaneous with the gigantic ones in the Tharsis area, are composed of small, mafic and, possibly, somewhat larger felsic flows. The size of these features is similar to that of volcanic flows on the Earth.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 135-137
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  • 58
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    Experiments on water/melt explosions, nature of products, and models of dispersal (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Experiments were carried out in a steel pressure device using controlled amounts of water and thermite melt to examine the mechanical energy released on explosive mixing following the initial contact of the two materials. An experimental design was used to allow the direct calculation of the mechanical energy by the dynamic lift of the device as recorded both optically and physically. A large number of experiments were run to accurately determine the optimum mixture of water and melt for the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy. The maximum efficiency observed was about 12% at a water/thermite mass ratio of 0.50. These experiments are the basis for the development of models of hydroexplosions and melt fragmentation. Particles collected from the experimental products are similar in size and shape to pyroclasts produced by much larger hydrovolcanic explosions. Melt rupture at optimum ratios produces very fine particles whereas rupture at high or low water/melt ratios produces large melt fragments. Grain surface textures in the experimental products are also related to the water/melt ratio and the mechanism of explosive mixing. It is thus possible to have qualitative information about the nature of the explosion from the sizes and shapes of the fragments produced.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 144-146
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  • 59
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    Status of advanced airfoil tests in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A joint NASA/U.S. industry program to test advanced technology airfoils in the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Tunnel (TCT) was formulated under the Langley ACEE Project Office. The objectives include providing U.S. industry an opportunity to compare their most advanced airfoils to the latest NASA designs by means of high Reynolds number tests in the same facility. At the same time, industry would again experience in the design and construction of cryogenic test techniques. The status and details of the test program are presented. Typical aerodynamic results obtained, to date, are presented at chord Reynolds number up to 45 x 10(6) and are compared to results from other facilities and theory. Details of a joint agreement between NASA and the Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsantalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt e.V. (DFVLR) for tests of two airfoils are also included. Results of these tests will be made available as soon as practical.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 37-53
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  • 60
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    Mercury: Topographic and geologic data from Earth-based radar observations (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Significant new geologic information has been revealed by comparing 1:5 million scale geologic maps of the equatorial zone quadrangles of Mercury (H-6, H-7 and H-8) to Earth-based elevation profiles and surface reflectivity maps of Mercury obtained in the early 1970's at the Arecibo (PR) and Goldstone (CA) radar facilities. These data consist of 23 Goldstone images and profiles of polarized return data at 12.5-cm wavelength and one Arecibo profile. Radar data with 150-m vertical accuracy and 10- to 20-km horizontal resolution are available for areas between latitudes 13 N. and 11 S. In general, these data sets show excellent correlation between: (1) relative elevation and roughness differences that are reflected by mapped geologic contacts; (2) mapped ridges and scarps that display distinctive radar signatures; and (3) position and morphology of crater-and-basin topographic elements. Inferences can also be drawn about topographic and geologic terrain beyond the area imaged by Mariner 10 cameras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 287
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  • 61
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    A regression model for the temporal development of soil pipes and associated gullies in the alluvial-fill valley of the Rio Puerco, central New Mexico (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: On Mars, the association of gullied escarpments and chaotic terrain is evidence for failure and scarp retreat of poorly consolidated materials. Some martian gullies have no surface outlets and may have drained through subterranean channels. Similar features, though on a much smaller scale, can be seen in alluvium along terrestrial river banks in semiarid regions, such as the Rio Puerco Valley of central New Mexico. Many of the escarpments along the Rio Puerco are developing through formation of collapse gullies, which drain through soil pipes. Gully development can be monitored on aerial photographs taken in 1935, 1962, and 1980. A regression model was developed to quantify gully evolution over a known time span. Soil pipes and their associated collapse gullies make recognizable signatures on the air photos. The areal extent of this signature can be normalized to the scarp length of each pipe-gully system, which makes comparisons between systems possible.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 196-197
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  • 62
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    Fluvial erosion of impact craters: Earth and Mars (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Geomorphic studies of impact structures in central Australia are being used to understand the complexities of fluvial dissection in the heavily cratered terrains of Mars. At Henbury, Northern Territory, approximately 12 small meteorite craters have interacted with a semiarid drainage system. The detailed mapping of the geologic and structural features at Henbury allowed this study to concentrate on degradational landforms. The breaching of crater rims by gullies was facilitated by the northward movement of sheetwash along an extensive pediment surface extending from the Bacon Range. South-facing crater rims have been preferentially breached because gullies on those sides were able to tap the largest amounts of runoff. At crater 6 a probable rim-gully system has captured the headward reaches of a pre-impact stream channel. The interactive history of impacts and drainage development is critical to understanding the relationships in the heavily cratered uplands of Mars. Whereas Henbury craters are younger than 4700 yrs. B.P., the Gosses Bluff structure formed about 130 million years ago. The bluff is essentially an etched central peak composed of resistant sandstone units. Fluvial erosion of this structure is also discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 175-177
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  • 63
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    Distribution and properties of small volcanoes in Acidalia Planitia (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Eastern Acidalia Planitia contains a wide variety of terrain types on which are thousands of subkilometer volcanoes. Apparent morphometric variations were previously reported as a function of terrain type for the cones in the Cydonia area and extended to the rest of Acidalia for which high resolution Viking imagery exist. Crater counts are included for the six types of plains identified, density distributions of subkilometer cones found on each type of terrain, and orphometric data by morphological subclass as a function of terrain for more than 1400 cones.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 130-132
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  • 64
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    East Butte: A volcanic dome of the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Preliminary mapping shows East Butte to be a single, large cumulo-dome composed dominantly of rhyolite which can be classified into three main groups based on color and structure. The rhyolite of East Butte is aphanitic with phenocrysts of sanidine and quartz which vary from 1 to 5 mm in length. Vesicular reddish black inclusions of basalt up to 10 cm in length, found in all varieties of the East Butte rhyolites are believed to have originated from fragmentation of the basalt walls of the conduit by rhyolitic magma as it was emplaced. Most of the inclusions contain plagioclase phenocrysts. These phenocrysts measure up to 1 to 2 cm in length and have a typical euhedral, tabular habit. A 250-m diameter depression which has the appearance of a crater is located at the top of East Butte. Evidence supporting the fact that the depression is a crater is displayed by three small (3 to 5 m in height) mounds of massive rhyolite which border the depression.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 121-124
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  • 65
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    The 1950 sulfur flow of Mauna Loa: Considerations for Io (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Some of the geological relationships observed in the Mauna Loa sulfur flow may apply in considering volcanic processes on Io. Given the presence of sulfur/sulfur compounds in the eruption plumes and on the surface of Io, it is likely that extensive secondary deposits of sulfur exist, some of which may be of fumarolic origin and analogous to the Mauna Loa deposit. Given the likelihood of silicate volcanism of Io based on the inferred material properties of some flows, and the attendant high temperatures for silicate volcanism, it is likely that the secondary surface deposits of sulfur would have been mobilized without being heated to the high viscosity stage. Mobilized sulfur flows on Io may flow long distances as a result of: (1) low viscosities in the melting range; (2) sustained effusion resulting from continued heating source area; (3) continued remobilization within the flow as a consequence of surges from the source; and (4) extension via lava tubes, or similar conduits through which there is little heat loss. Sulfur flows may form a relatively thin veneer over silicate flows and other surface units, given their fluidity and low mobilization temperature. Active splashing and splattering may spread sulfur over a wider area contributing the bright blooms observed in association with some Ionian flows.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 133-134
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  • 66
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    Component testing for dynamic model verification (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Dynamic model verification is the process whereby an analytical model of a dynamic system is compared with experimental data, adjusted if necessary to bring it into agreement with the data, and then qualified for future use in predicting system response in a different dynamic environment. These are various ways to conduct model verification. The approach taken here employs Bayesian statistical parameter estimation. Unlike curve fitting, whose objective is to minimize the difference between some analytical function and a given quantity of test data (or curve), Bayesian estimation attempts also to minimize the difference between the parameter values of that funciton (the model) and their initial estimates, in a least squares sense. The objectives of dynamic model verification, therefore, are to produce a model which: (1) is in agreement with test data; (2) will assist in the interpretation of test data; (3) can be used to help verify a design; (4) will reliably predict performance; and (5) in the case of space structures, will facilitate dynamic control.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 15 p
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  • 67
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    Post and a random-walk search mode (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Multidisciplinary analysis often requires optimization of nonlinear systems that are subject to constraints. Trajectory optimization is one example of this situation. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) was used successfully for a number of problems. The purpose is to describe POST and a new optimization approach that has been incorporated into it. Typical uses of POST will also be illustrated. The projected-gradient approach to optimization is the preferred option in POST and is discussed. A new approach to optimization, the random-walk approach, is described, and results with the random-walk approach are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 2; 23 p
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  • 68
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    Wall interference measurements for three-dimensional models in transonic wind tunnels: Experimental difficulties (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The purpose is not to provide a detailed discussion of several wall interference experiments, but rather to use these experiments (recently accomplished in the Boeing Transonic Wind Tunnel (BTWT) to illustrate the problems associated with many of the measurements required by current wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) procedures. The wall correction to lift is emphasized. It is shown that, because conventional tunnels and relatively small models continue to be used, the flow field or flow boundary measurements to be made impose severe requirements on the experiment itself. In some cases, existing instrumentation and test techniques may not be adequate to obtain the data accuracies needed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 21-42
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  • 69
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    Adaptation of a four-wall interference assessment/correction procedure for airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Based upon limited, initial observations of wall interference corrections obtained for one airfoil test, there is a need for assessing the upstream flow direction. If there is no direct measurement then a two-pass correction procedure similar to the one described here is required. Questions have arisen pertaining to the correct interpretation of the pressure coefficients measured on the slats of a slotted tunnel wall, the interpretation of just what the calculated equivalent body encompasses or should include, and what can or should be considered as quantitative criteria for data correctability. Further studies using this modified procedure will address these questions. Hopefully, a meaningful WIAC procedure can be validated for the airfoil tests in the 0.3-m TCT.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 393-414
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    Some experience with Barnwell-Sewall type correction to two-dimensional airfoil data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A series of airfoils were tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Reynolds numbers from 2 to 50 million. The 0.3-m TCT is equipped with Barnwell slots designed to minimize blockage due to the tunnel flow and ceiling. This design suggests that sidewall corrections for blockage is needed, and that a lifting airfoil produces a change in angle of attack. Sidewall correction methods were developed for subsonic and subsonic-transonic flow. Comparisons of theory with experimental data obtained in the 0.3-m TCT for two airfoils, the British NPL 9510 and the German R-4 are presented. The NPL 9510 was tested as part of the NASA/United Kingdom Joint Aeronautical Program and R-4 was tested as part f the DFVLR/NASA Advanced Airfoil Research Program. For the NPL 9510 airfoil, only those test points that one would anticipate being difficult to predict theoretically are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 375-392
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    Experiences with a high-blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Representation of the flow around full-scale ships was sought in the subsonic wind tunnels in order to a Hain Reynolds numbers as high as possible. As part of the quest to attain the largest possible Reynolds number, large models with high blockage are used which result in significant wall interference effects. Some experiences with such a high blockage model tested in the NASA Ames 12-foot pressure wind tunnel are summarized. The main results of the experiment relating to wind tunnel wall interference effects are also presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 345-360
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  • 72
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    An inerference assessment approach for a three-dimensional slotted tunnel with sparse wall pressure data (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The various procedures referred to as wall interference assessment and correction procedures presume the existence of a surface distribution of data (usually static pressure) measured over a surface on or near the tunnel walls for each test point to be assessed. An alternative approach in which a reasonably sophisticated computer model of the test section flow would be fitted parametrically to a sparse set of measured data is presented. The measurements provides line distributions of static pressure near the center lines of the top, side and bottom walls. The development of a test section model incorporating explicit recognition of discrete slots of finite length with controlled flow reentry into the solid wall downstream portion of the tunnel is shown.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 323-334
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  • 73
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    Temporal and spatial distribution of exhumed topography (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Perhaps the greatest chance for exhumation, or burial, of a landscape by terrestrial processes exists near the boundaries of the climatic belts. In the Southern Hemisphere, there is comparatively little land area within Budel's zone of extra-tropical valley formation, which contains most of the examples of exhumed topography in the Northern Hemisphere. The only examples of resurrected landforms that occur within Budel's tropical zone are located near the boundary of this zone, where climate may have changed during the Pleistocene. The ages of exhumed landforms sampled are not equally distributed through geologic time. Most of the exhumed features were created either during the Precambrian or the Tertiary periods which are commonly cited as episodes of significant landform development.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 240-242
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    Salts in the dry valleys of Antartica (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The Dry Valleys of Antarctica are examples of polar deserts which are rare geological features on the Earth. Such deserts typically have high salinities associated with their closed-basin waters and on many surficial materials throughout them. In order to examine the possible sources for the salts observed in association with the soils in the Dry Valleys. The chloride and bromide concentrations of the water leachates from 58 soils and core samples were measured. The Cl/Br ratio for seawater is 289 and ratios measured for most of the 58 soils studied (greater than 85% of the soils studied) was larger than the seawater ratio (ratios typically were greater than 1000 and ranged up to 50,000). The enrichment in Cl relative to Br is strong evidence that the alts present within the soils were derived from seawater during ordinary evaporation processes, and not from the deposition of Cl and Br from aerosols or from rock weathering as has often been suggested.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. Program; p 219-221
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    Planetary geomorphology field studies: Washington and Alaska (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Field studies of terrestrial landforms and the processes that shape them provide new directions to the study of planetary features. Investigations discussed address principally mudflow phenomena and drainage development. At the Valley of 10,000 Smokes (Katmai, AK) and Mount St. Helens, WA, studies of the development of erosional landforms (in particular, drainage) on fresh, new surfaces permitted analysis of the result of competition between geomorphic processes. Of specific interest is the development of stream pattern as a function of the competition between perennial seepage overland flow (from glacial or groundwater sources), ephemeral overland flow (from pluvial or seasonal melt sources), and ephemeral/perennial groundwater sapping, as a function of time since initial resurfacing, material properties, and seasonal/annual environmental conditions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 194-195
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    Desert pavement study at Amboy, California (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Desert pavement is a general term describing a surface that typically consists of a thin layer of cm-sized rock fragments set on top of a layer of finer material in which no fragments are found. An understanding of desert pavement is important to planetary geology because they may play a major role in the formation and visibility of various aeolian features such as wind streaks, which are important on Mars and may be important on Venus. A field study was conducted in Amboy, California to determine the formation mechanism of desert pavements. The probable sequence of events for the formation and evolution of a typical desert pavement surface, based on this experiment and the work of others, is as follows. Starting with a layer of surface material consisting of both fine particles and rock fragments, aeolian deflation will rapidly erode the surface until an armored lag is developed, after which aeolian processes become less important. The concentration of fragments then slowly increases as new fragments are brought to the surface from the subsurface and as fragments move downslope by sheet wash. Sheet wash would be responsible for removing very fine particles from the surface and for moving the fragments relative to one another, forming interlocks.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 169-170
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  • 77
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    Interference from slotted walls (1984)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall interference is made predominant in tunnel models and by wall geometries to facilitate the study of slot flow. The viscous effects in slots are studied by two dimensional measurements of flow. Wall interference is assessed by measuring pressure distributions at two levels near the walls. Interference on lifting delta wings is calculated. Pressure distributions at inner boundaries show basis axisymetries between the pressure side and the suction side, pointing to the necessity of having wider slots on the pressure side.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 293-300
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  • 78
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    Development in UK of a method for calculating tunnel wall corrections from flow measurements (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Classical methods for calculation of wall corrections which are not satisfactory for a number of flows of interest are discussed. To meet these objections, a number of methods were developed which use measurements of the low at or close to the tunnel walls as an outer boundary condition to define wall interference. The development, assessment and application of one such method is summarized.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 259-271
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  • 79
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    NLR activities in the field of wind tunnel wall interference (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Measured field data as a boundary condition for calculating the interference flow field were applied. They are divided into two categories. In the first category, the field data must consist of distributions of a single velocity component, and an accurate estimate of the hypothetical free air contribution of the model to this component is required. The differences between measured values and estimated model contributions are attributed to wall interference and they establish the boundary condition. The associated field data measurements are simple, yet the necessary model representation generally is a serious drawback. The second category requires field data which consist of velocity vector distributions at the price of multicomponent measurements, but at the profit that no information at all is required about the model. In solid wall test sections, the price is reduced to virtually zero but the profit remains.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 221-229
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  • 80
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    Performance of two transonic airfoil wind tunnels utilizing limited ventilation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A limited-zone ventilated wall panel was developed for a closed-wall icing tunnel which permitted correct simulation of transonic flow over model rotor airfoil sections with and without ice accretions. Candidate porous panels were tested in the Ohio State University 6- x 12-inch transonic airfoil tunnel and result in essentially interference-free flow, as evidenced by pressure distributions over a NACA 0012 airfoil for Mach numbers up to 0.75. Application to the NRC 12- x 12-inch icing tunnel showed a similar result, which allowed proper transonic flow simulation in that tunnel over its full speed range.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 165-170
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  • 81
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    Investigations of flow field perturbations induced on slotted transonic-tunnel walls (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The free-stream interference caused by the flow through the slotted walls of the test sections of transonic wind tunnels has continuously a problem in transonic tunnel testing. The adaptive-wall transonic tunnel is designed to actively control the near-wall boundary conditions by sucking or blowing through the wall. In order to make the adaptive-wall concept work, parameters for computational boundary conditions must be known. These parameters must be measured with sufficient accuracy to allow numerical convergence of the flow field computations and must be measured in an inviscid region away from the model that is placed inside the wind tunnel. The near-wall flow field was mapped in detail using a five-port cone probe that was traversed in a plane transverse to the free-stream flow. The initial experiments were made using a single slot and recent measurements used multiple slots, all with the tunnel empty. The projection of the flow field velocity vectors on the transverse plane revealed the presence of a vortex-like flow with vorticity in the free stream. The current research involves the measurement of the flow field above a multislotted system with segmented plenums behind it, in which the flow is controlled through several plenums simultaneously. This system would be used to control a three-dimensional flow field.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 119-142
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  • 82
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    Assessment of lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a three-dimensional adaptive-wall tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A three-dimensional adaptive-wall wind tunnel experiment was conducted at Ames Research Center. This experiment demonstrated the effects of wall interference on the upwash distribution on an imaginary surface surrounding a lifting wing. This presentation demonstrates how the interference assessment procedure used in the adaptive-wall experiments to determine the wall adjustments can be used to separately assess lift- and blockage-induced wall interference in a passive-wall wind tunnel. The effects of lift interference on the upwash distribution and on the model lift coefficient are interpreted by a simple horseshoe vortex analysis.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 89-100
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  • 83
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    Wind tunnel wall interference in closed, ventilated and adaptive test sections (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A wall interference correction method for closed rectangular test sections was developed which uses measured wall pressures. Measurements with circular discs for blockage and a rectangular wing as a lift generator in a square closed test section validate this method. These measurements are intended to be a basis of comparison for measurements in the same tunnel using ventilated (in these case, slotted) walls. Using the vortex lattice method and homogeneous boundary conditions, calculations were performed which show sufficiently high pressure levels at the walls for correction purposes in test sections with porous walls. In Gottingen, an adaptive test section (which is a deformable rubber tube of 800 mm diameter) was built and a computer program was developed which is able to find the necessary wall adaptation for interference-free measurements in a single step. To check the program prior to the first run, the vortex lattice method was used to calculate wall pressure distributions in the nonadapted test section as input data for the one-step method. Comparison of the pressure distribution in the adapted test section with free-flight data shows nearly perfect agreement. An extension of the computer program can be made to evaluate the remaining interference corrections.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 61-78
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  • 84
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    Review of the advanced technology airfoil test program in the 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The following areas were addressed: interchangeable test sections in the 0.3-M Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT); typical airfoil installation; airfoil capability; advanced technology airfoil test (ATAT); effects of the Reynolds number on the normal force coefficient; effects of the Reynolds number on the drag coefficient; and comparison of experimental results with theory.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 361-374
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  • 85
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    Determination of equivalent model geometry for tunnel wall interference assessment/correction (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A formula for the determination of equivalent model geometry with two variables measured at the interface is derived, based on two dimensional subsonic flow. This predicted model profile is a reasonable initial estimate for transonic flow as long as the sonic region does not reach the interface. A general formula is given in two forms. One is in terms of complex variable functions and the other is an integral equation. The complex-function formula has the advantage of using analytic expressions. The integral equation form requires a numerical solution after assuming the model geometry as a polynomial function. Examples are given to illustrate the application of the formulas.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 335-342
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  • 86
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    Planetary geomorphology field studies: Iceland and Antarctica (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Field studies of terrestrial landforms and the processes that shape them provide new directions to the study of planetary features. These studies, conducted in Iceland and in Antarctica, investigated physical and chemical weathering mechanisms and rates, eolitan processes, mudflow phenomena, drainage development, and catastrophic fluvial and volcanic phenomena. Continuing investigations in Iceland fall in three main catagories: (1) catastrophic floods of the Jokulsa a Fjollum, (2) lahars associated with explosive volcanic eruptions of Askja caldera, and (3) rates of eolian abrasion in cold, volcanic deserts. The ice-free valleys of Antarctica, in particular those in South Victoria Land, have much is common with the surface of Mars. In addition to providing independent support for the application of the Iceland findings to consideration of the martian erosional system, the Antarctic observations also provide analogies to other martian phenomena. For example, a family of sand dunes in Victoria Valley are stabilized by the incorporation of snow as beds.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 231-233
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  • 87
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    Quantitative and experimental modelling of sapping networks (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Development of drainage networks by erosion by emergent groundwater (sapping) is being modelled by a combination of laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling. Miniature drainage networks formed in fine-grained sediments share many morphologic characteristics of Martian and terrestrial networks suspected to be formed by sapping processes. A larger and better instrumented sapping box was constructed to further explore the processes of sapping and the morphology of resulting networks. The experiments to be conducted in the sapping box will investigate the roles of several factors in controlling network morphology. The mechanics of sapping of fine-grained sediments were investigated in experiments in a two-dimensional sapping chamber and through development of a theoretical model. Results of extensive tests on sapping erosion of fine-grained, cohesionless sediment were analyzed with a theoretical model of the mechanics of sapping erosion and transport.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 191-193
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  • 88
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    Drainage evolution in the debris avalanche deposits near Mount Saint Helens, Washington (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was initiated by a massive rockslide-debris avalanche which completely transformed the upper 25 km of the North Fork Toutle River valley. The debris was generated by one of the largest gravitational mass movements ever recorded on Earth. Moving at an average velocity of 35 m/s, the debris avalanche buried approximately 60 sq km of terrain to an average depth of 45 m with unconsolidated, poorly sorted volcaniclastic material, all within a period of 10 minutes. Where exposed and unaltered by subsequent lahars and pyroclastic flows, the new terrain surface was characterized predominantly by hummocks, closed depressions, and the absence of an identifiable channel network. Following emplacement of the debris avalanche, a complex interrelationship of fluvial and mass wasting processes immediately began operating to return the impacted area to an equilibrium status through the removal of material (potential energy) and re-establishment of graded conditions. In an attempt to chronicle the morphologic evolution of this unique environmental setting, a systematic series of interpretative maps of several selected areas was produced. These maps, which document the rate and character of active geomorphic processes, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 179-181
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  • 89
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    Ridges on basalt flows (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Pressure ridges are surface features on basaltic lava flows and, as with other surface features, they may be related to the emplacement of a flow and the rheological properties of the lava. Since many ridges are of sufficient size to be detected on high resolution orbital images, an understanding of pressure ridges could provide a means for interpreting volcanic flows on other terrestrial planets. Some proposed formation mechanisms are reviewed and three different types of pressure ridges are identified on the basis of morphology. Type 1 ridges are the most common and are associated with multiple flow unit pahoehoe in which the ridges are embayed by secondary toe fed lava. They tend to be restricted to wider sections or margins of the flow and to be oriented longitudinal to flow direction; however, oblique or transverse orientation is not uncommon. Bulbous squeeze ups are common within cracks and may reflect relative timing of crack formation. The interior structure of type 1 ridges consists of an upper slab section which generally contains columnar joints and a lower massive section with an irregular surface. This basic distinction may mark the thickness of the surface crust when ridge formation was initiated. Type 2 ridges occur in association with type 1 and are very similar with the exception of the secondary squeeze out material. Instead of only filling cracks, the secondary material on these ridges originated from underneath a thin crust and flowed as toes or channels from the top and sides of the ridge. Type 3 ridges have much steeper sides (almost vertical at the top) than the other types. Medial cracks are very wide and the crack walls are convex upward. No squeeze ups are present. The main difference between type 3 and the others may be reflection of viscosity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 147-148
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  • 90
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    Effusion rate, length, and area relationships for some lava flows on Hawaii and Mount Etna with planetary implications (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: A model for the radiative cooling of thermally well mixed lava flows is presented and the relationship between effusion rate and length and area is analyzed. If radiative cooling is the prime mode of heat loss for a lava flow, one should expect to see a stronger correlation between the effusion rate and the plan area of the flow, than between effusion rate and just flow length. Different flows on a single volcano with differing initial temperatures, volatile content, and gross compositions should yield different areas for a given effusion rate. Likewise, a range of slopes for the relationship between effusion rate and flow area should result from comparisons between different volcanoes. As a test of these ideas, available data on the effusion rates, lengths, and areas of Hawaiian and Etnean flow is studied. It was found that: (1) the effusion rate/area correlation was statistically more significant than the correlation between effusion rate and length for four out of the five eruption episodes which met the necessary criteria of more than three individual flows with area, length, and effusion rate independently measured; (2) that there exists a minimum length and area for a given effusion rate, reflecting competition between overall characteristic proportionality between effusion rate and flow length, width, and area.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 141-143
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  • 91
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    Chronology, morphology and stratigraphy of pumiceous pyroclastic-flow (ignimbrite) deposits from the eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1983 (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Between 1217 and 1620 hours (PDT), on May 18, 1980, the magmatic eruption column of Mount St. Helens formed an ash fountain and pyroclastic flows dominated the eruption process over tephra ejection. Eurption-rate pulsations generally increased to a maximum at 1600 to 1700 hrs. After 1620 hrs, the eruption assumed an open-vent discharge with strong, vertical ejection of tephra. Relative eruption rates (relative mass flux rates) of the pyroclastic flows were determined by correlating sequential photographs and SLAR images, obtained during the eruption, with stratigraphy and surface morphology of the deposits.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 125-126
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  • 92
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    Impact of Upheaval Dome, Utah (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Reexamination of Upheaval Dome in the Canyonlands National Park, Utah, shows that the structure of this remarkable feature conforms with that expected for a deeply eroded astrobleme. The structure is definitely not compatible with an origin due simply to plastic flowage of salt and other rocks in the underlying Paradox Formation. The most strongly deformed rocks are bounded by a series of circumferential listric faults. The convergent displacement of the rocks corresponds to the deformation that results from collapse of a transient cavity produced by high speed impact. From considerations of the probable depth of exposure of the impact structure and upward extrapolation of the listric faults, the final collapsed crater is estimated to be about 8 to 10 km in diameter; the impacting body was on the order of 0.5 km in diameter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 93
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  • 93
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    Wind tunnel wall interference correction for aircraft models (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall interference correction procedures seek to determine the required changes in certain flow or geometric parameters so that the difference between the flow properties at the model's surface in the tunnel and free air are minimized. A transonic and a linear correction procedure were developed for aircraft models. In addition to Mach number and angle of attack corrections, an estimate of the accuracy of the corrections is provided by the transonic correction procedure. Lift, pitching moment and pressure measurements near the tunnel walls are required. The efficiency and accuracy of the correction procedure are improved. Moreover, correction of both the wing and tail angles of attack is allowed. The procedure is valid for transonic as well as subcritical flows. However, for subcritical flows further approximations and simplifying assumptions are made, leading to a very simple and efficient correction procedure.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 301-322
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  • 94
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    Tunnel constraint for a jet in crossflow (1984)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A facet of a unified tunnel correction scheme which uses wall pressures to determine tunnel induced blockage and upwash is described. With this method, there is usually no need to use data concerning model forces or power settings to find the interference; it follows directly from the pressures and tunnel dimensions. However, highly inclined jets do not produce good pressure signatures and are highly three dimensional, so they must be treated differently. Flow modeling is also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center. Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 273-290
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  • 95
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    Progress in wind tunnel wall interference assessment/correction procedures at the NAE (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Wall corrections as a function of wall porosity in the transonic wall interference problem was assessed. Effective porosities primarily for the two dimensional case were established as follows: (1) comparison of experimental data for two geometrically similar models of different chord/height ratio, an overall value of wall porosity could be deduced; (2) theoretical development which allows for unequal porosity for the floor and ceiling and wall boundary pressure measurements, porosities for floor and ceiling could be deduced; (3) a scheme was developed which allowed unequal porosity of floor and ceiling and streamwise varying porosity. The boundary layer development along the perforated floor and ceiling under the influence of the model pressure field, variations in boundary layer thickness underlining the difficulties in deducing meaningful values of wall porosity were determined. Wall boundary pressure measurement, in combination with singularity modelling of the airfoil, was sufficient to yield required information on the wall interference flow without having to establish some value for wall porosity. The singularity modelling of the airfoil initially covered only lift and volume but was extended to include drag and pitching moment, and second order volume term. It is shown by asymptotic transonic small disturbance analysis, that the derived corrections to angle of attack and free stream Mach number are correct to the first order.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 231-257
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  • 96
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    Asymptotic methods for wind tunnel wall corrections at transonic speed (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The effort to develop classical methods to compute wall interference at transonic speeds is outlined. The two-dimensional theory and three-dimensional development are discussed. Also, some numerical application of the two-dimensional work are indicated. The basic advantages of the asymptotic theory are noted.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 193-203
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  • 97
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    Effect of boundary layers on solid walls in three-dimensional subsonic wind tunnels (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A solution for the tunnel wall boundary layer effects for three-dimensional subsonic tunnels is presented. The model potentials are represented with simple singularities placed on the centerline of the tunnel and Laplace's equation in cylindrical coordinates is solved for either the conventional homogeneous slotted-wall boundary condition, the solid-wall viscous boundary condition, or a combination of them. The most pronounced wall boundary layer effect is on solid blockage for completely closed wind tunnels. Boundary layers on the wall reduce the blockage from the solid-wall, no-boundary-layer case in a manner similar to opening slots in a solid wall. Additionally, for solid-wall tunnel configurations, the streamline curvature interference factor is reduced by a significant amount, whereas the lift interference factor at the model station does not depend on the boundary layer parameter. For combination wall configurations, the slot effect of the horizontal walls dominates the viscous effect of the solid sidewalls.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 205-218
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  • 98
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    Experiments suitable for wind tunnel wall interference assessment/correction (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Three experiments suitable for wall interference assessment and evaluation of proposed correction methods are presented. The experiments are: (1) a series of airfoil tests using a newly designed transonic flow facility that employs side-wall boundary layer suction and upper- and lower-wall shaping; (2) tests on a swept airfoil section spanning a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed contouring on all four walls; and (3) tests on a swept wing of aspect ratio 3 mounted in a solid-wall wind tunnel with fixed flat walls. Each of the experiments provides data on the airfoil sections as well as on the wind tunnel walls. All the experiments were performed in solid wall wind tunnels corrected for boundary layer displacement effects. Although the experiments were performed primarily to evaluate computer code performance, it is believed that they also provide information that can be used to evaluate methods for assessing and correcting wall interference effects.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 171-190
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  • 99
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    Effect of upstream sidewall boundary layer removal on an airfoil test (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Sidewall boundary layer effects were investigated by applying partial upstream sidewall boundary layer removal in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel. Over the range of sidewall boundary layer displacement thickness of these tests the influence on pressure distribution was found to be small for subcritical conditions; however, for supercritical conditions the shock position was affected by the sidewall boundary layer. For these tests (with and without boundary layer remove) comparisons with predictions of the GRUMFOIL computer code indicated that Mach number corrections due to the sidewall boundary layer improve the agreement for both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The results also show that sidewall boundary layer removal reduces the magnitude of the sidewall correction; however, a suitable correction must still be made.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 143-163
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  • 100
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    A data base for three-dimensional all-interference code evaluation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: A validation of a measured boundary condition technique was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of a wall interference assessment/correction (WIAC) system. An experimental evaluation was also carried out to compare performances of various techniques, to define the number of necessary boundary measurements for accurate assessment/corrections and to define the envelope of test conditions for which accurate assessment/corrections are achieved. The relative merits of a WIAC system and an adaptive wall tunnel are compared. The measurement surface boundary data is performed with a system of two rotating pipes. These pipes sweep out a cylindrical measurement surface near the tunnel walls, approximately one inch from the wall at the closest point. The experimental model was specially designed and fabricated for the adaptive wall experiments. The model is a wing/tail/body configuration with swept lifting surface. The boundary data taken in Tunnel 1T with the rotating pipe system has been shown to offer several attractive features for WIAC code evaluation. Good spatial resolution of measurements is achieved and measurements are made upstream and downstream of the model. Also, two velocity components are determined.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Assessment and Correction, 1983; p 101-118
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