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  • geophysics
  • seismology
  • 2010-2014  (42)
  • 2005-2009  (84)
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Year
  • 1
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    Characteristics of high frequency ground motions in the Maule region (Chile), obtained from aftershocks of the 2010 Mw 8.8 earthquake (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake occurred off the coast of central Chile on 2010 February 27, and was followed by thousands of aftershocks. In this study, we modeled 172 aftershocks recorded by more than 100 temporary broadband stations deployed between March 2010 and January 2011. Each of these earthquakes is characterized by a well-determined hypocentral location and well-constrained focal mechanism and moment magnitudes in the range M 3.7 to 6.2. Most of these earthquakes are characterized by shallow, eastward-dipping, thrust-type focal mechanisms consistent with faulting at or near the plate interface, where the Nazca plate is subducting beneath the South America plate at approximately 74 mm/yr. This study provides a unique opportunity to quantify high-frequency earthquake ground motion in a subduction zone due to the quality and quantity of observations in the frequency and distance range of 0.2-30 Hz and 40-500 km, respectively. The analysis was done using a two-step modeling procedure. A regression is performed to characterize source duration and excitation, source-receiver distance dependence, and station site effects. A point source forward model is then constructed in terms of geometrical spreading, duration, site effects and source scaling to match the regression results. This procedure provides the necessary point source parameters for stochastic finite-fault modeling of peak ground motions for future earthquakes in this subduction zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: Trieste
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 2
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    The 2012 Ferrara seismic sequence: from a 1D reliable crustal structure for moment tensor solutions to strong implications for seismic hazard (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On May 20 2012, an event of Ml 5.9 (Mw 5.6) stuck the southem edge of the Po river plain (Pianura Padana). The earthquake was preceded by a foreshock of Ml 4.1 (Mw 3.8), less than 3 hours before the Mw 5.6 main. Hypocentral depths were 6.3 km for both events. Centroid depths were 5 and 6 km, respectively. The activated fault was a reverse one, dipping to the south. Then a complex seismic sequence started, in which more than six earthquakes with Ml greater than 5 stuck the area, the last one on June 3, 2012. Aftershocks delineated a 50 km long and 10-15 km wide zone, approximately elongated in the WE direction. More than 2100 events were located between May 19 and June 25 2012 by the INGV National Seismic Network, 80 of them with Ml greater than 3.5. The damage due to the Ml 5+ earthquakes was widespread, as they severely hit historical towns and industrial infrastructures. However, a striking inconsistency exists between the relatively small moment magnitudes and the corrisponding high level of damage. In order to define a velocity structure for the crust beneath the Pianura Padana, to be used for waveform inversion of moment tensors, we gathered all the geophysical and geological information available for the area. The model is characterized by very thick and shallow Quaternary sediments, to be used for the inversion of broadband waveforms for moment tensor (MT) solutions, in the frequency band between 0.02-0.1 Hz. We calculated moment tensors for 20 events down to Mw~3.2. We demonstrate how surface waves dominate the seismograms in the region, which may have played a major role in enhancing the damage to industrial structures observed in the epicentral area. Synthetic seismograms computed using the developed model well reproduced the anomalous durations of the ground motion observed in Pianura Padana, also highlighting important implications for the seismic hazard in the entire area. The present seismic hazard assessment as well as the size of the historical earthquakes in the region (and so their recurrence times), may need to be re-evaluated in the light of this new results.
    Description: Published
    Description: Roma
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    LISPWAL: Lithospheric structure of the Namibian continental passive margin at the intersection with the Walvis Ridge from amphibious seismic investigations November 2010 – January 2011, Namibia - Datasets (2014)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Seismic Data, including raw, MSEED and SEG-Y files, of the large-scale controlled-source survey in Northern Namibia (Kaokoveld) using combined on- and offshore experiments. Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up as well as the role of hot-spot related magmatism. We conducted combined on- and offshore seismic experiments in Northern Namibia designed to characterize the Southern African passive margin at the interaction with the Walvis Ridge, to assess the interaction of the presumed plume with continental lithosphere and to determine the deep structure of the transition from the coastal fold belt to the stable craton, where the Walvis Ridge hits the African continent. The seismic project integrated three experiments, an onshore, coast-parallel refraction seismic profile, two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic transects, and a combined on- and offshore seismic experiment to image the sub-Moho velocity (Pn tomography) at the ocean-continent transition. The knowledge of the lithospheric structure of the margin together with results from other geoscientific studies (e.g., conducted within the SPP- SAMPLE, DFG Priority Program 1375, South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution) will help to address fundamental questions such as, how continental crust and plume head interact, what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating is, and how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break-up process. Between November 2010 and January 2011, we conducted an extensive seismic experiment in Northern Namiba, in the Kaokoveld. Along 3 seismic lines with a total length of more than 900 km, we deployed 200 seismic sensors and data loggers. The average spacing of the instruments was ~3 km along the coast-parallel line and ~6 km along the other lines, running NE- SW and SE-NW. The data loggers had been equipped with a short-period seismic sensor, recording the vertical ground motion and a battery pack, suitable for continuous data recording of 〉6 weeks. The instruments were placed in shallow holes and covered by sand, leaving the logger surface clear for GPS reception. At the eastern ends of the lines, the instruments were deployed in somewhat hidden places to avoid instrument damage or theft.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: LISPWAL ; geophysics ; controlled-source seismic survey ; onshore ; offshore ; continental margin ; Namibia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 4
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    Insights into magma and f luid transfer at Mount Etna by a multiparametric approach: A model of the events leading to the 2011 eruptive cycle (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Since the second half of the 1990s, the eruptive activity of Mount Etna has provided evidence that both explosive and effusive eruptions display periodic variations in discharge and eruption style. In this work, a multiparametric approach, consisting of comparing volcanological, geophysical, and geochemical data, was applied to explore the volcano's dynamics during 2009–2011. In particular, temporal and/or spatial variations of seismicity (volcano-tectonic earthquakes, volcanic tremor, and long-period and very long period events), ground deformation (GPS and tiltmeter data), and geochemistry (SO2 flux, CO2 flux, CO2/SO2 ratio) were studied to understand the volcanic activity, as well as to investigate magma movement in both deep and shallow portions of the plumbing system, feeding the 2011 eruptive period. After the volcano deflation, accompanying the onset of the 2008–2009 eruption, a new recharging phase began in August 2008. This new volcanic cycle evolved from an initial recharge phase of the intermediate-shallower plumbing system and inflation, followed by (i) accelerated displacement in the volcano's eastern flank since April 2009 and (ii) renewal of summit volcanic activity during the second half of 2010, culminating in 2011 in a cyclic eruptive behavior with 18 lava fountains from New Southeast Crater (NSEC). Furthermore, supported by the geochemical data, the inversion of ground deformation GPS data and the locations of the tremor sources are used here to constrain both the area and the depth range of magma degassing, allowing reconstructing the intermediate and shallow storage zones feeding the 2011 cyclic fountaining NSEC activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3519–3539
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt Etna ; seismology ; ground deformation ; geochemistry ; volcanology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Engineering Seismology, Geotechnical and Structural Earthquake Engineering (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earth and planetary sciences ; geology and geophysics ; seismology ; earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: The mitigation of earthquake-related hazards represents a key role in the modern society. The mitigation of such kind of hazards spans from detailed studies on seismicity, evaluation of site effects, and seismo-induced landslides, tsunamis as well as and the design and analysis of structures to resist such actions. The study of earthquakes ties together science, technology and expertise in infrastructure and engineering in an effort to minimize human and material losses when they inevitably occur. Chapters deal with different topics aiming to mitigate geo-hazards such as: Seismic hazard analysis, Ground investigation for seismic design, Seismic design, assessment and remediation, Earthquake site response analysis and soil-structure interaction analysis.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110385
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/engineering-seismology-geotechnical-and-structural-earthquake-engineering
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : New Advances in Seismology (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mitigation of earthquake-related hazards represents a key role in the modern society. The main goal of this book is to present 9 scientific papers focusing on new research and results on earthquake seismology. Chapters of this book focus on several aspect of seismology ranging from historical earthquake analysis, seismotectonics, and damage estimation of critical facilities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110545
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-new-advances-in-seismology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination (2012)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: ABSTRACT FINAL ID: V53E-2673 TITLE: Complementary Methods for Volcanic Seismic Source Discrimination SESSION TYPE: Poster SESSION TITLE: V53E. Surveillance of Volcanic Unrest: New Developments in Multidisciplinary Monitoring Methods IV Posters AUTHORS (FIRST NAME, LAST NAME): Charlotte A Rowe1, Susanna M R Falsaperla2, Emily Morton3, Horst K Langer2, Boris Behncke2 INSTITUTIONS (ALL): 1. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM, United States. 2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia, Catania, Italy. 3. Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States. Title of Team: ABSTRACT BODY: We explore the success rates of detection and classification algorithms as applied to seismic signals from active volcanoes. The subspace detection method has shown some success in identifying repeating (but not identical) signals from seismic swarm sources, as well as pulling out nonvolcanic long period events within subduction zone tremor. We continue the exploration of this technique as applied to both discrete events and variations within volcanic tremor to determine optimal situations for its use. We will demonstrate both three-dimensional and subband applications both on raw waveforms and derived features such as skewness and kurtosis. The application can be used in both a supervised (select templates and compare) as well as unsupervised (cross-compare all samples and apply clustering to the matrix of comparisons). We compare the method to that of the KKAnalysis tool, which uses a self-organizing map approach to unsupervised clustering for feature vectors derived from the seismic waveforms. We will present a comparison of this method as applied to waveform features, spectral features and time-varying higher-order statistics as well as signal polarization, to elucidate the tools which show the best promise for problematic discrimination tasks.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, California, USA
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcano monitoring ; seismology ; computational seismology ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Standardization of Seismic Tomographic Models and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms Datasets Based on Web Technologies, Visualization with Keyhole Markup Language (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present two projects in seismology that have been ported to web technologies, which provide results in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) visualization layers. These use the Google Earth geo-browser as the flexible platform that can substitute specialized graphical tools to perform qualitative visual data analyses and comparisons. The Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (NERIES) Tomographic Earth Model Repository contains datasets from over 20 models from the literature. A hierarchical structure of folders that represent the sets of depths for each model is implemented in KML, and this immediately results into an intuitive interface for users to navigate freely and to compare tomographic plots. The KML layer for the European-Mediterranean Regional Centroid-Moment Tensor Catalog displays the focal mechanism solutions or moderate magnitude Earthquakes from 1997 to the present. Our aim in both projects was to also propose standard representations of scientific datasets. Here, the general semantic approach of XML has an important impact that must be further explored, although we find the KML syntax to be more shifted towards detailed visualization aspects. We have thus used, and propose the use of, Javascript Object Notation (JSON), another semantic notation that stems from the web-development community that provides a compact, general-purpose, data-exchange format.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-56
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Hydrogeology : A Global Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: hydrogeology ; hydrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The field of groundwater hydrology and the discipline of hydrogeology have attracted a lot of attention during the past few decades. This is mainly because of the increasing need for high quality water, especially groundwater. This book, written by 15 scientists from 6 countries, clearly demonstrates the extensive range of issues that are dealt with in the field of hydrogeology. Karst hydrogeology and deposition processes, hydrogeochemistry, soil hydraulic properties as a factor affecting groundwater recharge processes, relevant conceptual models, and geophysical exploration for groundwater are all discussed in this book, giving the reader a global perspective on what hydrogeologists and co-scientists are currently working on to better manage groundwater resources. Graduate students, as well as practitioners, will find this book a useful resource and valuable guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100485
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrogeology-a-global-perspective
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geomorphology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book includes several geomorphological studies up-to-date, incorporating different disciplines and methodologies, always focused on methods, tools and general issues of environmental and applied geomorphology. In designing the book the integration of multiple methodological fields (geomorphological mapping, remote sensing, meteorological and climate analysis, vegetation and biogeomorphological investigations, geographic information systems GIS, land management methods), study areas, countries and continents (Europe, America, Asia, Africa) are considered.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103615
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/studies-on-environmental-and-applied-geomorphology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies (2012)
    Washington, D.C. : National Academies Press
    Details
    Keywords: seismology ; seismicity ; energy
    Description / Table of Contents: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 225 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780309253673
    URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13355
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    New Achievements in Geoscience (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: New Achievements in Geoscience is a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for academic researchers in geophysics, environmental science, earth science, natural resource managements and their related support fields. This book attempts to highlight issues dealing with geophysical and earth sciences. It describes the research carried out by world-class scientists in the fields of geoscience. The content of the book includes selected chapters covering seismic interpretation, potential field data interpretation and also several chapters on earth science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102632
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-achievements-in-geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Approaches to Managing Disaster : Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: natural disasters ; natural hazards ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts demonstrates the array of information that is critical for improving disaster management. The book reflects major management components of the disaster continuum (the nature of risk, hazard, vulnerability, planning, response and adaptation) in the context of threats that derive from both nature and technology. The chapters include a selection of original research reports by an array of international scholars focused either on specific locations or on specific events. The chapters are ordered according to the phases of emergencies and disasters. The text reflects the disciplinary diversity found within disaster management and the challenges presented by the co-mingling of science and social science in their collective efforts to promote improvements in the techniques, approaches, and decision-making by emergency-response practitioners and the public. This text demonstrates the growing complexity of disasters and their management, as well as the tests societies face every day.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102946
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/approaches-to-managing-disaster-assessing-hazards-emergencies-and-disaster-impacts
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering - Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Safety of Dams and Monuments (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earth and planetary sciences ; geology and geophysics ; seismology ; earthquake ; earthquake engineering ; geotechnics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book sheds lights on recent advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering with special emphasis on soil liquefaction, soil-structure interaction, seismic safety of dams and underground monuments, mitigation strategies against landslide and fire whirlwind resulting from earthquakes and vibration of a layered rotating plant and Bryan's effect. The book contains sixteen chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts from several countries. The research reported in this book is useful to graduate students and researchers working in the fields of structural and earthquake engineering. The book will also be of considerable help to civil engineers working on construction and repair of engineering structures, such as buildings, roads, dams and monuments.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100256
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-geotechnical-earthquake-engineering-soil-liquefaction-and-seismic-safety-of-dams-and-monuments
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Earthquake-Resistant Structures : Design, Assessment and Rehabilitation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics ; earthquake engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book deals with earthquake-resistant structures, such as, buildings, bridges and liquid storage tanks. It contains twenty chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts in the field of earthquake engineering. The book covers seismic-resistance design of masonry and reinforced concrete structures to be constructed as well as safety assessment, strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures against earthquake loads. It also includes three chapters on electromagnetic sensing techniques for health assessment of structures, post earthquake assessment of steel buildings in fire environment and response of underground pipes to blast loads. The book provides the state-of-the-art on recent progress in earthquake-resistant structures. It should be useful to graduate students, researchers and practicing structural engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101239
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-resistant-structures-design-assessment-and-rehabilitation
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Updates in Volcanology : A Comprehensive Approach to Volcanological Problems (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book ranges from the geologic-petrologic description of world-wide major volcanic fields unfamiliar to international literature, to the discussion and interpretation of the results in light of geophysical techniques. It focuses on several situations that represent large-scale volcanism on Earth, related both with intra-plate or active margins. Many large volcanic complexes of Easter countries are presented, including Japan, Siberian Russia, and Mongolia. A detailed account of the European volcanic province of the Pannonia basin and Central-Southern Spain is given. Southern hemisphere areas of Antarctica and Polynesia are considered as well. The chapters are very informative for those who wish for a guide to visiting, or are curious about main characteristics of the above volcanic areas, some of which are remote and not easily accessible.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074344
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/updates-in-volcanology-a-comprehensive-approach-to-volcanological-problems
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Remote Sensing of Planet Earth (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monitoring of water and land objects enters a revolutionary age with the rise of ubiquitous remote sensing and public access. Earth monitoring satellites permit detailed, descriptive, quantitative, holistic, standardized, global evaluation of the state of the Earth skin in a manner that our actual Earthen civilization has never been able to before. The water monitoring topics covered in this book include the remote sensing of open water bodies, wetlands and small lakes, snow depth and underwater seagrass, along with a variety of remote sensing techniques, platforms, and sensors. The Earth monitoring topics include geomorphology, land cover in arid climate, and disaster assessment after a tsunami. Finally, advanced topics of remote sensing covers atmosphere analysis with GNSS signals, earthquake visual monitoring, and fundamental analyses of laser reflectometry in the atmosphere medium.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079196
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/remote-sensing-of-planet-earth
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Remote Sensing : Advanced Techniques and Platforms (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
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    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106524
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-advanced-techniques-and-platforms
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Tectonics : Recent Advances (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Cyclic Development of Axial Parts of Slow-Spreading Ridges: Evidence from Sierra Leone Area, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 5-7°N by E.V. Sharkov --- Chapter 2: Features of Caucasian Segment of the Alpine-Himalayan Convergence Zone: Geological, Volcanological, Neotectonical, and Geophysical Data by E.V. Sharkov, V.A. Lebedev, A.G. Rodnikov, A.V. Chugaev, N.A. Sergeeva and L.P. Zabarinskaya --- Chapter 3: 3D Modelling and Basement Tectonics of the Niger Delta Basin from Aeromagnetic Data by A.A. Okiwelu and I.A. Ude --- Chapter 4: Seismic Paleo-Geomorphic System of the Extensional Province of the Niger Delta: An Example of the Okari Field by Muslim B. Aminu and Moses O. Olorunniwo --- Chapter 5: Geodynamic and Tectonostratigrafic Study of a Continental Rift: The Triassic Cuyana Basin, Argentina by Silvia Patricia Barredo --- Chapter 6: Role of the NE-SW Hercynian Master Fault Systems and Associated Lineaments on the Structuring and Evolution of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Basins of the Alpine Margin, Northern Tunisia by Fetheddine Melki, Taher Zouaghi, Mohamed Ben Chelbi, Mourad Bédir and Fouad Zargouni --- Chapter 7: An Assessment of the Earthquakes of Ancient Troy, NW Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer, Alexandros Chatzipetros, Salih Zeki Tutkun, Spyros Pavlides, Süha Özden, George Syrides, Kostas Vouvalidis, Emin Ulugergerli, Özkan Ateş and Yunus Levent Ekinci --- Chapter 8: Paleoseismological Three Dimensional Virtual Photography Method; A Case Study: Bağlarkayası-2010 Trench, Tuz Gölü Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer and Yaşar Ergun Gökten --- Chapter 9: Structural Geological Analysis of the High Atlas (Morocco): Evidences of a Transpressional Fold-Thrust Belt by Alessandro Ellero, Giuseppe Ottria, Marco G. Malusà and Hassan Ouanaimi --- Chapter 10: Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Margin of Laurussia in the Paleozoic by Jan Golonka and Aleksandra Gawęda --- Chapter 11: Was the Precambrian Basement of Western Troms and Lofoten-Vesterålen in Northern Norway Linked to the Lewisian of Scotland? A Comparison of Crustal Components, Tectonic Evolution and Amalgamation History" by Steffen G. Bergh, Fernando Corfu, Per Inge Myhre, Kåre Kullerud, Paul E.B. Armitage, Klaas B. Zwaan, Erling K. Ravna, Robert E. Holdsworth and Anupam Chattopadhya
    Pages: Online-Ressource (330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106753
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/tectonics-recent-advances
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Remote Sensing : Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays it is hard to find areas of human activity and development that have not profited from or contributed to remote sensing. Natural, physical and social activities find in remote sensing a common ground for interaction and development. This book intends to show the reader how remote sensing impacts other areas of science, technology, and human activity, by displaying a selected number of high quality contributions dealing with different remote sensing applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106517
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-applications
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Geochemistry : Earth's System Processes (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geochemistry ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of geochemistry. The audience for this book consists of a multitude of scientists such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers, volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies. The topics represented facilitate as establishing a starting point for new ideas and further contributions. An effective management of geological and environmental issues requires the understanding of recent research in minerals, soil, ores, rocks, water, sediments. The use of geostatistical and geochemical methods relies heavily on the extraction of this book. The research presented was carried out by experts and is therefore highly recommended to scientists, under- and post-graduate students who want to gain knowledge about the recent developments in geochemistry and benefit from an enhanced understanding of the dynamics of the earth's system processes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105862
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/geochemistry-earth-s-system-processes
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : Seismology, Seismotectonic and Earthquake Geology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different aspects of earthquake research. Depending on their magnitude and the placement of the hypocenter, earthquakes have the potential to be very destructive. Given that they can cause significant losses and deaths, it is really important to understand the process and the physics of this phenomenon. This book does not focus on a unique problem in earthquake processes, but spans studies on historical earthquakes and seismology in different tectonic environments, to more applied studies on earthquake geology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079912
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-seismology-seismotectonic-and-earthquake-geology
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes plays a key role in order to minimize human and material losses when they inevitably occur. Chapters in this book will be devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis. The different sections present in the book span from statistical seismology studies, the latest techniques and advances on earthquake precursors and forecasting, as well as, new methods for early detection, data acquisition and interpretation. The topics are tackled from theoretical advances to practical applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101345
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: stratigraphy ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is the science of describing the vertical and lateral relationships of different rock formations formed through time to understand the earth history. These relationships may be based on lithologic properties (named lithostratigraphy), fossil content (labeled biostratigraphy), magnetic properties (called magnetostratigraphy), chemical features (named chemostratigraphy), reflection seismology (named seismic stratigraphy), age relations (called chronostratigraphy). Also, it refers to archaeological deposits called archaeological stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is built on the concept "the present is the key to the past" which was first outlined by James Hutton in the late 1700s and developed by Charles Lyell in the early 1800s. This book focuses particularly on application of geophysical methods in stratigraphic investigations and stratigraphic analysis of layered basin deposits from different geologic settings and present continental areas extending from Mexico region (north America) through Alpine belt including Italy, Greece, Iraq to Russia (northern Asia).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105787
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/stratigraphic-analysis-of-layered-deposits
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Fractal Analysis and Chaos in Geosciences (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; fractal analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: The fractal analysis is becoming a very useful tool to process obtained data from chaotic systems in geosciences. It can be used to resolve many ambiguities in this domain. This book contains eight chapters showing the recent applications of the fractal/mutifractal analysis in geosciences. Two chapters are devoted to applications of the fractal analysis in climatology, two of them to data of cosmic and solar geomagnetic data from observatories. Four chapters of the book contain some applications of the (multi-) fractal analysis in exploration geophysics. I believe that the current book is an important source for researchers and students from universities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107293
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fractal-analysis-and-chaos-in-geosciences
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Updates in Volcanology : New Advances in Understanding Volcanic Systems (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the second volume of the Updates in Volcanology and presents review style chapters as well as stand alone research works on volcanological problems that could be used as valuable resource for both researchers and graduate research students. The book presents chapters arching over a broad field of volcanology among many are considered to be dynamically developing subject areas such as volcano morphology, volcanic terrain evolution or volcaniclastic-hosted mineral resource analysis. The book also takes the reader to areas such as the Russian Far East or sedimentary basins in China which are very remote and generally less known for the global community. This book demonstrates the dynamic evolution of volcanology in the past decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109150
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/updates-in-volcanology-new-advances-in-understanding-volcanic-systems
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Earthquake Engineering (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent major earthquakes around the world have shown the vulnerability of infrastructure and the need for research to better understand the nature of seismic events and their effects on structures. As a result, earthquake engineering research has been expanding as more and more data become available from a large array of seismic instruments, large scale experiments and numerical simulations. The first part of this book presents results from some of the current seismic research work including three-dimensional wave propagation in different soil media, seismic loss assessment, probabilistic hazard analysis, geotechnical problems including soil-structure interaction. The second part of the book focuses on the seismic behavior of structures including historical and monumental structures, bridge embankments, and different types of bridges and bearings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106944
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-engineering
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : New Frontiers in Seismology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes combines science, technology and expertise in infrastructure and engineering in an effort to minimize human and material losses when their occurrence is inevitable. This book is devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis, from theoretical advances to practical applications. Different sections are dedicated to ground motion studies and seismic site characterization, with regard to mitigation of the risk from earthquake and ensuring the safety of the buildings under earthquake loading. The ultimate goal of the book is to encourage discussions and future research to improve hazard assessments, dissemination of earthquake engineering data and, ultimately, the seismic provisions of building codes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078403
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-new-frontiers-in-seismology
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Seismic Waves : Research and Analysis (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; tsunami ; seismic waves ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079448
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/seismic-waves-research-and-analysis
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Petrology : New Perspectives and Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: petrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Petrology, New Perspectives and Applications is designed for advanced graduate courses and professionals in petrology. The book includes eight chapters that are focused on the recent advances and application of modern petrologic and geochemical methods for the understanding of igneous, metamorphic and even sedimentary rocks. Research studies contained in this volume provide an overview of application of modern petrologic techniques to rocks of diverse origins. They reflect a wide variety of settings (from South America to the Far East, and from Africa to Central Asia) as well as ages ranging from late Precambrian to late Cenozoic, with several on Mesozoic/Cenozoic volcanism.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078007
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/petrology-new-perspectives-and-applications
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    Advances on Analysis and Control of Vibrations : Theory and Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: vibration ; earthquake ; seismology ; engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Vibration is a phenomenon that we can perceive in many systems. Their effects are as diverse as the personal discomfort that can produce the unevenness of a road or the collapse of a building or a bridge during an earthquake. This book is a compendium of research works on vibration analysis and control. It goes through new methodologies that help us understand and mitigate this phenomenon. This book is divided into two sections. The first one is devoted to new advances on vibration analysis while the second part is a series of case studies that illustrate novel techniques on vibration control. The applications are varied and include areas such as vehicle suspension systems, wind turbines and civil engineering structures.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106999
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-on-analysis-and-control-of-vibrations-theory-and-applications
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Geomorphological and geochemical characterization of the August 11, 2008 mud volcano eruption at S. Barbara village (Sicily, Italy) and its possible relationship with seismic activity (2011)
    EGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On August 11, 2008 a paroxysmal eruption occurred at Santa Barbara mud volcano (MV), located close to Caltanissetta, one of the most densely populated cities of Sicily (Italy). An associated minor event took place on August, 2009. Both the events caused severe damages to civil infrastructures located within a range of about 2 km from the eruptive vent. Geomorphological, geochemical and seismological investigations were carried out for framing the events in the appropriate geodynamic context. Geomorphological surveys recognized, in the immediate surrounding of the main emission point, two different families of processes and landforms: ground deformations and changes in morphology and number of the fluid emitting vents. These processes were associated to a wider network of fractures, seemingly generated by the shock wave produced by the gas blast occurred at the main paroxysm. Geochemical characterization allowed to estimate the source of the fluids, or at least their last standing, at about 3 km depth. Finally, the close time relationships observed between anomalous increments of seismic activity and the two main paroxysmal events, accounted for a common possible trigger for both the phenomena, even if with a different timing due to the very different initial conditions and characteristics of the two processes, i.e. seismogenesis and gas overloading.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1545-1557
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: mud volcanoes ; geomorphology ; geochemistry ; seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 33
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    Modeling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: 28th IUGG Conference on Mathematical Geophysics; Pisa, Italy, 7–11 June 2010; The capabilities and limits of mathematical models applied to a variety of geophysical processes were discussed during the 28th international Conference on Mathematical Geophysics, held in Italy (see the conference Web site (http://cmg2010.pi.ingv.it), which includes abstracts). The conference was organized by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and was cosponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The meeting was attended by more than 160 researchers from 26 countries and was dedicated to the theme “Modelling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation.” Many talks were dedicated to illustration of the complexities affecting geophysical processes. Novel applications of geophysical fluid dynamics were presented, with specific reference to volcanological and ­subsurface/surface flow processes. In most cases, investigations highlighted the need for multidimensional and multiphase flow models able to describe the nonlinear effects associated with the nonhomogeneous nature of the matter. Fluid dynamic models of atmospheric, oceanic, and environmental systems also illustrated the fundamental role of nonlinear couplings between the different subsystems. Similarly, solid Earth models have made it possible to obtain the first tomographies of the planet; to formulate nonlocal and dynamic damage models of rocks; to investigate statistically the triggering, clustering, and synchronization of faults; and to develop realistic simulators of the planetary dynamo, plate tectonics, and gravity and magnetic fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 506
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: mathematical models ; geophysics ; uncertainty ; validation ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 34
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    Accounting for rupture directivity in ShakeMap (2011)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The rapid and accurate information about the ground shaking following an earthquake is necessary for emergency response planning. A prompt strategy is contouring the real data recorded at the stations. However only few regions, i.e. Japan and Taiwan, have an instrumental coverage as good as needed to produce shaking maps relying almost entirely on real data. ShakeMap has been conceived in order to “fill” the data gap and producing stable contouring using the ground motion predictive equations (GMPEs) and site effect. Thus for regions where the data coverage is sparse, the interpolation plays a crucial role and the choice of the GMPE can affect strongly the goodness of the ground shaking estimation. However the GMPEs derive from an empirical regression describing the averaged behavior of the ground shaking and tend to mask, when present, specific trends due to multidimensional effects like the asymmetry of the rupture process (directivity effect). Thus, ShakeMaps for large events may not reproduce faithfully the ground motion in the near source if determined without the introduction of rupture related parameters. One way to improve the ShakeMap prediction is to modify the ground motion modeling in order to better explain the ground motion variability. To this purpose, the empirical model can be refined with information about the rupture process (Spagnuolo PhD2010), in this case using the directivity term defined by Spudich and Chiou (Earthquake Spectra 2008). The aim of this work is to quantify the effectiveness of refined GMPEs in improving the performance of ShakeMap. We quantify the agreement of this new GMPE with the real recorded data, and make inference about the reliability of this new ShakeMap. The test is focused on the study of the ShakeMap degradation when the number of the observations is reduced, and on the quantification of the improvements due to the directivity term. In order to conduct properly the test, we investigate two well- recorded events from Japan: the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi (M7) and the 2000 Tottori (M6.6) events. This work is part of the DPC-INGV S3 project (2007-09), as described in the companion abstract Ameri et al. (ESC2010).
    Description: Published
    Description: Montpellier, France
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: ShakeMap ; hazard ; seismology ; directivity
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 35
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    Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Geoscience (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077376
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/advances-in-data-methods-models-and-their-applications-in-geoscience
    Language: English
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    Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics (2011)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: deep earth processes ; earth science encyclopedia ; lithosphere ; mathematical geophysics ; plate tectonics ; potential fields ; seismology ; solid earth geophysics ; solid earth science
    Description / Table of Contents: The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXVIII, 1540 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9789048187027
    URL: http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Tectonics (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Plates Amalgamation and Plate Destruction, the Western Gondwana History by Ngako Vincent and Njonfang Emmanuel --- Chapter 2: Lithospheric Structure and Tectonics of the Eastern Alps – Evidence from New Seismic Data by Ewald Brückl --- Chapter 3: Structure and Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Outer Carpathians by Jan Golonka, Kaja Pietsch and Paweł Marzec --- Chapter 4: Tectonic Model of the Sinai Peninsula Based on Geophysical Investigations by Taha Rabeh --- Chapter 5: Siberia - From Rodinia to Eurasia by Dmitry V. Metelkin, Valery A. Vernikovsky and Alexey Yu. Kazansky --- Chapter 6: Proto-Basin Types of North China Craton (NCC) in Late Triassic and Its Implication for Regional Tectonics of Initial Craton Destruction by Yang Minghui, Liu Chiyang, Zeng Peng, Bai Hua and Zhou Jin --- Chapter 7: Tectonic Implications of Stratigraphy Architecture in Distal Part of Foreland Basin, Southwestern Taiwan by Jong-Chang Wu, Kenn-Ming Yang, Yi-Ru Chen and Wen-Rong Chi --- Chapter 8: Seismic Hazard in Tien Shan: Basement Structure Control Over the Deformation Induced by Indo-Eurasia Collision by Buslov, Mikhail M. and De Grave, Johan --- Chapter 9: Lithosphere as a Nonlinear System: Geodynamic Consequences by E. G. Mirlin --- Chapter 10: Layer-Block Tectonics, a New Concept of Plate Tectonics - An Example from Nansha Micro-Plate, Southern South China Sea by Hai-ling Liu, Hong-bo Zheng, Yan-Lin Wang, Chao-Hua Wu, Mei-Song Zhao and Yun-Kong Du --- Chapter 11: The Role of Geoelectrical DC Methods in Determining the Subsurface Tectonics Features. Case Studies from Syria by Jamal Asfahani --- Chapter 12: Salt Tectonics of the Lisan Diapir Revealed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Damien Closson, Najib Abou Karaki, Nada Milisavljević, Frédéric Hallot, and Marc Acheroy --- Chapter 13: Mantle-like Trace Element Composition of Petroleum – Contributions from Serpentinizing Peridotites by Peter Szatmari, Teresa Cristina O. da Fonseca and Norbert F. Miekeley
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075457
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/tectonics
    Language: English
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  • 38
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    New Frontiers in Tectonic Research : At the Midst of Plate Convergence (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ocean closure involves a variety of converging tectonic processes that reshape shrinking basins, their adjacent margins and the entire earth underneath. Following continental breakup, margin formation and sediment accumulation, tectonics normally relaxes and the margins become passive for millions of years. However, when final convergence is at the gate, the passive days of any ocean and its margins are over or soon will be. The fate of the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf is seemingly known beforehand, as they are nestled in the midst of Africa-Arabia plate convergence with Eurasia. Over millions of years through the Cenozoic era they progressively shriveled, leaving only a glimpse of the Tethys Ocean. Eventually, the basins will adhere to the Alpine-Himalaya orogen and dissipate. This book focuses on a unique stage in the ocean closure process, when significant convergence already induced major deformations, yet the inter-plate basins and margins still record the geological history.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075945
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/new-frontiers-in-tectonic-research-at-the-midst-of-plate-convergence
    Language: English
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  • 39
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    Standardization of Seismic Tomographic Models and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms Datasets Based on Web Technologies, Visualization with Keyhole Markup Language (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present two projects in seismology that have been ported to web technologies, which provide results in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) visualization layers. These use the Google Earth geo-browser as the flexible platform that can substitute specialized graphical tools to perform qualitative visual data analyses and comparisons. The Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (NERIES) Tomographic Earth Model Repository contains datasets from over 20 models from the literature. A hierarchical structure of folders that represent the sets of depths for each model is implemented in KML, and this immediately results into an intuitive interface for users to navigate freely and to compare tomographic plots. The KML layer for the European-Mediterranean Regional Centroid-Moment Tensor Catalog displays the focal mechanism solutions or moderate magnitude Earthquakes from 1997 to the present. Our aim in both projects was to also propose standard representations of scientific datasets. Here, the general semantic approach of XML has an important impact that must be further explored, although we find the KML syntax to be more shifted towards detailed visualization aspects. We have thus used, and propose the use of, Javascript Object Notation (JSON), another semantic notation that stems from the web-development community that provides a compact, general-purpose, data-exchange format.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; json ; googleEarth ; kml ; xml ; web standards ; semantic data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 40
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    Recent Advances in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring (2010)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: nuclear explosion monitoring ; nuclear test ban ; seismology ; acoustics
    Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume focuses on the most recent advances that have been achieved in relevant fields of research of nuclear test ban monitoring, including seismology, infrasound- and hydro-acoustics, as well as nuclear physics and atmospheric backtracking. This research has been presented during the special sessions on "Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring" convened during the 2007 and 2008 General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The special sessions were introduced after the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO Prepcom) had convened a scientific symposium in 2006 on "CTBT: Synergies with Science 1996-2006 and beyond" marking the tenth anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly’s adoption of the CTBT Treaty. With regard to the seismo-acoustic fields several papers provide important updates on advances made in these fields since publication of ‘Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’ (see PAGEOPH topical volumes 158-159, 2001-2002). Moreover, this topical volume expands on these publications by including radionuclide and noble gas monitoring, as well as atmospheric transport modeling. In these two areas, significant progress has been made in recent years. Two papers studying the 2006 North Korean nuclear test elucidate how progress made in the relevant fields has allowed for a good understanding on the characteristics of this underground nuclear test.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034603706
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/167/4/
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Monitoring Induced Seismicity (2010)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: engineering ; geophysics ; mining ; monitoring technology ; seismic monitoring ; seismic tomography ; seismology ; stress re-distribution
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress re-distribution as a result of exploitation of mineral, hydrocarbon, geothermal, and water resources cannot be eliminated. The effort must be directed to a better understanding of the underlying processes for the management of the hazard and risk associated with these operations. The study of induced seismicity has continually evolved over the past couple of decades, as underlined by both the number and complexity of applied studies required to satisfy the increased economic demands, assure the safety of the workforce and equipment, and protect the environment. A considerable effort has been put into the development of passive monitoring technology, specialized products and services being available for a wide range of applications. The recording of substantial high quality seismic data has stimulated the work on theoretical and practical aspects related to these applications, involving not only seismological knowledge, but also elements of rock mechanics, and an understanding of mining, geotechnical, and petroleum engineering. Pure and Applied Geophysics has largely contributed to raising the profile of induced seismicity research and its credibility. The range of specific analyses included in the present collection of studies expresses how powerful and resourceful passive seismic monitoring has become to so many applications. Seismic data are routinely evaluated for a series of development activities specific to each application. Engineering practice is continually improved based on trials and analyses of the ground response and stress levels, confirmed through the monitoring of seismicity. We are better equipped than ever to provide management decisions based on formalized, quantitative, and thus objective assessment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (213 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034603058
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/167/1/
    Language: English
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  • 42
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    Geoscience and Remote Sensing, New Achievements (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: civil engineering ; geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Description / Table of Contents: Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earth’s status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing; emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789537619978
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/geoscience-and-remote-sensing-new-achievements
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  • 43
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    Deep geometry and rheology of an orogenic wedge developing above a continental subduction zone: Seismological evidence from the northern-central Apennines (Italy) (2009)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Data from high-density seismic networks deployed between 2000 and 2007 in the north-central Apennines (Italy) yield unprecedented images of an active orogenic wedge. Earthquake foci from the northern Apennines define a Benioff zone deepening westward from the Adriatic foreland down to ~60 km depth below the chain. The seismicity shows that only the lowermost ~10 km of the Adriatic foreland crust is subducted, whereas the uppermost ~20 km is incorporated into the orogenic wedge. Farther west, an aseismic mantle with markedly negative P-wave-velocity (Vp) anomalies is interpreted as asthenosphere flowing toward an Adriatic slab in retrograde motion. Three crustal layers with different Vp and seismicity characteristics are imaged below the northern Apennines: an uppermost 10-km-thick fast layer affected by extensional faulting, a slow layer with diffuse seismicity down to ~15 km depth, and a lowermost fast and aseismic layer resting directly above the asthenosphere. We interpret the latter layer as having formed by anhydrous crust undergoing granulitization, whereas trapped CO2 (either from the underlying granulites or from the subducting Adriatic crust) is inferred to have been responsible for both low Vp and diffuse seismicity in the middle crust. Trapped CO2 is released along the easternmost normal fault systems breaking the Apennine upper crust, consistent with geochemical and seismotectonic evidence. Compressive earthquakes at 20–25 km depth along the external front suggest offscraping of the subducting foreland crust and show that asthenospheric flow represents the primary source of ongoing shortening along the belt front.
    Description: Published
    Description: 95-104
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Northern Apennines ; subduction ; orogenic wedge ; seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 44
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    The new IMGC-02 transportable absolute gravimeter: measurement apparatus and applications in geophysics and volcanology (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-21
    Description: The research carried out at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (formerly Istituto di Metrologia «G. Colonnetti») aiming to develop a transportable ballistic absolute gravimeter ended with a new version of the instrument, called the IMGC-02. It uses laser interferometry to measure the symmetrical free rising and falling motion of a test mass in the gravity field. Providing the same accuracy achieved with previous versions, the instrumental improvements mainly concern size, weight, data processing algorithms and operational simplicity. An uncertainty of 9 μGal (1 μGal=1×10–8 m·s−2) can be achieved within a single observation session, lasting about 12 h, while the time series of several observation sessions show a reproducibility of 4 μGal. At this level, gravity measurements provide useful information in Geophysics and Volcanology. A wide set of dynamic phenomena, i.e. seismicity and volcanic activity, can produce temporal gravity changes, often quite small, with an amplitude ranging from a few to hundreds of microgals. Therefore the IMGC absolute gravimeter has been employed since 1986 in surveying the Italian active volcanoes. A brief history of the gravimeter and the description of the new apparatus, together with the main results of ongoing applications in Geophysics and Volcanology are presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: 39-49
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gravity ; absolute gravimeter ; measurements ; geophysics ; volcanology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 45
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    The Iquique Local Network and PicArray (2009)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Iquique Local Network (ILN), a temporal network of broadband and short period seismic stations has been operating in Northern Chile since 2009. The aim of this installation was to locally densify the permanent seismic installation of the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory in Chile (IPOC), with the main goal to decrease the magnitude of detected earthquake, to improve the hypocentral location accuracy, to allow a more accurate investigation of seismic source parameters, and to analyse proposed seismogenic structures of the Northern Chile seismic gap. The network setup evolved with time, with different geometries at different installation phases, aiming to study different seismicity features. In the first phase, started in 2009 and operational since 2010 until autumn 2013, the network had a sparse configuration, targeting a broad region extending from 19.5° S in the North to approximately 21.3° S South of Iquique. In the following stage, operational until fall 2017, most broadband stations were rearranged into a small aperture seismic array (PicArray) close to the village of Pica, to monitor with array techniques the shallow seismicity at the plate interfacer, intermediate and deep focus seismicity. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code IQ, and arefully open.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 46
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    Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2009)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: civil engineering ; geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Pages: Online-Ressource (598 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533070032
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/geoscience-and-remote-sensing
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2009)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Pages: Online-Ressource (742 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533070056
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/advances-in-geoscience-and-remote-sensing
    Language: English
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  • 48
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    Crustal structure in the Southern Apennines from teleseismic receiver functions (2008)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: While the upper crustal structure of the Southern Apennines is known, lack of control on the deep structure allows competing thin-skinned and thick-skinned models of the orogen. In thin-skinned models, the detachment decouples a stack of rootless nappes from the basement. In thick-skinned models, basement is involved in the most recent phase of thrusting. To examine crustal structure, we use teleseismic data from the Calabria-Apennine-Tyrrhenian/Subduction- Accretion-Collision Network (CAT/SCAN) array in southern Italy. We use receiver functions (RF) processed into a common conversion point stack to generate images of the crust. Inter- pretation and correlation to geological structure are done using inversions of individual station RFs. We focus on a shallow discontinuity where P-to-S conversions occur. In the foreland, it corresponds to velocity jumps between carbonate and clastic strata with basement. A similar interpretation for the Apennines provides the most parsimonious explanation and supports a thick-skinned interpretation. In a thick-skinned reconstruction, the amount of shortening is much smaller than for a thin-skinned model. This implies considerably less Pliocene–Pleistocene shortening across the Apennines and suggests an east-southeast motion of the Calabrian arc subparallel to the southern Apennines rather than a radial expansion of the arc.
    Description: Published
    Description: 155-158
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: thrust tectonics ; Apennines ; continental collision ; seismology ; receiver functions ; structural geology ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.04. Structure and dynamics
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  • 49
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    Interactive Exhibits for Geophysical Education: Uncovering the Secrets of the Earth (2008)
    WSEAS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Educational & Outreach Group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Rome, Italy) designed a portable museum to bring on the road educational activities focused on the understanding of geomagnetism, plate tectonics, seismology and seismic hazard. Here the main experiments, models and exhibits which have been successfully installed in Genoa for the Science Festival (2003, 2004) and in Rome (2005) with enthusiastic audience participation are shown.
    Description: Published
    Description: 375-381
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geophysics ; education ; geomagnetism ; plate tectonics ; seismology ; portable museum ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 50
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    Alla ricerca di nuovi dati sulla relazione tra subduzione e cinematica crostale nell’arco Calabro-Peloritano (2008)
    SGA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lo Stretto è uno straordinario oggetto di studio, in cui gli effetti di una subduzione ancora attiva si sommano a una tettonica crostale vigorosa, di cui il terremoto del 1908 è il testimone più evidente. L’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia ha avviato il progetto Messina 1908-2008 per unificare le reti di osservazione sismologiche e geodetiche già esistenti nello Stretto, estendendole con strumenti sul fondo marino ed elevandone gli standard tecnologici. Questo nuovo impegno scientifico mira a implementare il numero e la qualità dei dati e a rendere pienamente disponibili alla ricerca tutte le osservazioni condotte in quest’area negli ultimi tre decenni.
    Description: Published
    Description: 475-483
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; geodesy ; Earthquakes ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
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  • 51
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    A technical note on the bias in the estimation of the b-value and its uncertainty through the Least Squares technique (2008)
    Editrice Compositori
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We investigate conceptually, analytically, and numerically the biases in the estimation of the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter Law and of its uncertainty made through the least squares technique. The biases are introduced by the cumulation operation for the cumulative form of the Gutenberg-Richter Law, by the logarithmic transformation, and by the measurement errors on the magnitude. We find that the least squares technique, applied to the cumulative and binned form of the Gutenberg-Richter Law, produces strong bias in the b-value and its uncertainty, whose amplitudes depend on the size of the sample. Furthermore, the logarithmic transformation produces two different endemic bends in the Log(N) versus M curve. This means that this plot might produce fake significant departures from the Gutenberg-Richter Law. The effect of the measurement errors is negligible compared to those of cumulation operation and logarithmic transformation. The results obtained show that the least squares technique should never be used to determine the slope of the Gutenberg-Richter Law and its uncertainty.
    Description: Published
    Description: 329-339
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: b-value ; seismology ; least squares technique ; syntheticearthquake catalogs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 52
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    The SeisComP seismological software package (2008)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SeisComP is a seismological software for data acquisition, processing, distribution and interactive analysis. The seismological software package has evolved within a decade from pure acquisition modules to a fully featured real-time earthquake monitoring software. The SeedLink protocol for seismic data transmission has been the core of SeisComP from the very beginning. Later additions included simple, purely automatic event detection, location and magnitude determination capabilities. Especially within the development of the 3rd-generation SeisComP, also known as SeisComP3 automatic processing capabilities have been augmented by graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for visualization, rapid event review and quality control.Communication between the modules is achieved using a dedicated messaging system that allows distributed computing and remote review. For seismological metadata exchange export/import tools to/from QuakeML and FDSN StationXML are available, which also provide convenient interfaces with 3rd-party software. The initial SeisComP3 development took place at GFZ between 2006 and 2008 within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System) and continued with increasing engagement of gempa GmbH, a software company established by the initial development team of the GFZ.
    Keywords: real-time ; data ; processing ; earthquakes ; monitoring ; fdsn ; standards ; seismology ; C++ ; python ; AGPL ; open ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE
    Language: English
    Type: Software
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  • 53
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    Le evidenze del terremoto tardoantico (2007)
    SYNAPSI EDIZIONI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: in the file
    Description: Published
    Description: 131-193
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: archeology ; seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Type: book chapter
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  • 54
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    The Somma-Vesuvius stress field induced by regional tectonics: evidences from seismological and mesostructural data (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A detailed structural and geophysical study of the Somma–Vesuvius volcanic complex was carried out by integrating mesostructural measurements, focal mechanisms and shear-wave splitting analysis. Fault-slip and focal mechanism analysis indicate that the volcano is affected by NW–SE-, NE–SW-trending oblique-slip faults and by E–W-trending normal faults. Magma chamber s. responsible for plinianrsub-plinian eruptions i.e. A.D. 79 and 1631. formed inside the area bounded by E–W-trending normal faults. The post-1631 fissural eruptions i.e. 1794 and 1861.occurred along the main oblique-slip fault segments. The movements of the Vesuvius faults are mainly related to the regional stress field. A local stress field superposed to the regional one is also present but evidences of magma or gravity induced stresses are lacking. The local stress field acts inside the caldera area being related to fault reactivation processes. The present-day Vesuvius seismic activity is due to both regional and local stress fields. Shear-wave splitting analysis reveals an anisotropic volume due to stress induced cracks NW–SE aligned by faulting processes. Since the depth extent of the anisotropic volume is at least 6 km b.s.l., we deduce the NW–SE-trending oblique-slip fault system represents the main discontinuity on which lies the volcano. This discontinuity is responsible for the morphological lowering of the edifice in its southwestern side.
    Description: Published
    Description: 199-218
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: structure of volcanoes ; stress field ; seismology ; tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 55
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    Seismic-Hazard Assessment for a Characteristic Earthquake Scenario: An Integrated Probabilistic–Deterministic Method (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-24
    Description: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is classically performed through the Cornell approach by using a uniform earthquake distribution over the source area and a given magnitude range. This study aims at extending the PSHA approach to the case of a characteristic earthquake scenario associated with an active fault. The approach integrates PSHA with a high-frequency deterministic technique for the prediction of peak and spectral ground motion parameters in a characteristic earthquake. The method is based on the site-dependent evaluation of the probability of exceedance for the chosen strong-motion parameter. The latter is obtained from the statistical analysis of the synthetic waveform database produced for a large number of possible rupture histories occurring on the characteristic earthquake fault. The method has been applied to a hazard evaluation in the Umbria region, where the threat is represented by a fault having the same geometry and mechanism as the 26 September 1997, Colfiorito earthquake (central Italy; moment magnitude, Mw 6).
    Description: Published
    Description: 377–391
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; characteristic earthquake model ; seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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    From bottom landers to observatory networks (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: For a long time, deep-sea investigation relied on autonomous bottom landers. Landers can vary in size from 200 kg weight to more than 2 t for the heaviest scientific landers and are used during exploration cruises on medium periods, from one week to some months. Today, new requirements appear. Scientists want to understand in detail the phenomena outlined during exploration cruises, to elaborate a model for future forecasting. For this, it is necessary to deploy instrumentation at a precise location often for a long period. A new mode of ocean science investigation using longterm seafloor observatories to obtain four dimensional data sets has appeared. Although this concept has been proposed for many years, the high level of investment required limits the number of projects implemented. Only multidisciplinary programs, supported by a strong social requirement were funded. Some observatories have been deployed.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: landers ; multidisciplinary long term observatories ; global change ; seismology ; environment ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Type: article
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  • 57
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    Tsunami and its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (2007)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: IUGG Tsunami Commission ; Indian Ocean ; Pacific Ocean ; Sumatra-Andaman earthquake ; Tsunami ; seismology ; Tsunami warning system
    Description / Table of Contents: Tsunamis like the Indian Ocean tsunami caused by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in 2004 or the Chilean earthquake in the Pacific Ocean in 1960 motivate international collaborations for the development of tsunami warning systems. Since 1960 the Tsunami Commission, established by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, has been holding a biannual International Tsunami Symposium (ITS). This volume contains 20 contributions of leading scientists mostly presented at the 22nd International Tsunami Symposium held in summer 2005 in Greece. Consolidated findings based on hydrophone records, seismometer readings, and tide gauges are presented. Reports of post-tsunami surveys and numerical simulations for tsunamis such as the 2004 Indian Ocean event, as well as geological studies of tsunamis in Japan, Central and North America are given. Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis and tsunami warning systems, among others, are described as are methods to predict tsunamis and mitigate their hazards.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (392 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764383633
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/164/2/
    Language: English
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    Towards Inverting Seismic Waveform Data for Temperature and Composition in the Earth's Upper Mantle (2006)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: B: Unraveling the physical state of the upper mantle, including the transition zone, is one of the key factors for understanding the Earth's mantle dynamics. Knowledge of mantle temperature and composition is mainly based on the interpretation of seismological observations based on insights from mineral physics. Despite the progress made to image the 3-D seismic structure of the upper mantle, its interpretation in terms of physical parameters is still challenging and it requires a truly interdisciplinary approach. Due to the better knowledge of the elastic and anelastic properties of mantle minerals at high temperatures and pressures, such an approach is now becoming feasible. We propose a new waveform inversion procedure, based on a formalism previously developed at Berkeley for global elastic and anelastic tomography, and using our existing collection of long-period fundamental and higher mode surface waveforms. Here, we incorporate mineral physics data at an early stage of the process to directly map lateral variations in temperature and composition, using recent estimates of the temperature and composition derivatives of seismic velocities (∂lnV/∂lnT,C). Anelasticity introduces a non-linear dependence of the seismic velocities with temperature throughout the upper mantle, and phase-transitions confer a non-linear character to the compositional derivatives as well, therefore the kernels should be re-computed after each iteration of the inversion. We discuss ways to address the non-linearities, as well as uncertainties in the partial derivatives. In addition to constraining the lateral variations in temperature or composition, the models can have implications on the average structure of the upper mantle. The most-common accepted physical 1-D structure had problems to satisfactorily fit seismic travel time data, requiring a slower TZ to improve the fit. However, these data do not have sufficient coverage (and resolution) in the TZ. A complementary outcome of our models will be to shed light on whether the seismic data require a modification of the physical structure in the transition zone and if the three-dimensional heterogeneity introduces a significant shift of the average physical structure away from adiabatic pyrolite.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco
    Description: open
    Keywords: mantle temperatures ; seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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    Global seismic tomography and modern parallel computers (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: A fast technological progress is providing seismic tomographers with computers of rapidly increasing speed and RAM, that are not always properly taken advantage of. Large computers with both shared-memory and distributedmemory architectures have made it possible to approach the tomographic inverse problem more accurately. For example, resolution can be quantified from the resolution matrix rather than checkerboard tests; the covariance matrix can be calculated to evaluate the propagation of errors from data to model parameters; the L-curve method can be applied to determine a range of acceptable regularization schemes. We show how these exercises can be implemented efficiently on different hardware architectures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Numerical inverse theory ; seismology ; global tomography ; seismic resolution ; Earth’s mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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    Accurate determination of phase arrival times using autoregressive likelihood estimation (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: We have investigated the potential automatic use of an onset picker based on autoregressive likelihood estimation. Both a single component version and a three component version of this method have been tested on data from events located in the Khibiny Massif of the Kola peninsula, recorded at the Apatity array, the Apatity three component station and the ARCESS array. Using this method, we have been able to estimate onset times to an accuracy (standard deviation) of about 0.05 s for P-phases and 0.15 0.20 s for S phases. These accuracies are as good as for analyst picks, and are considerably better than the accuracies of the current onset procedure used for processing of regional array data at NORSAR. In another application, we have developed a generic procedure to reestimate the onsets of all types of first arriving P phases. By again applying the autoregressive likelihood technique, we have obtained automatic onset times of a quality such that 70% of the automatic picks are within 0.1 s of the best manual pick. For the onset time procedure currently used at NORSAR, the corresponding number is 28%. Clearly, automatic reestimation of first arriving P onsets using the autoregressive likelihood technique has the potential of significantly reducing the retiming efforts of the analyst.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; signal processing ; autoregressive analysis ; onset time ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Source mechanisms and near-source wave propagation from broadband seismograms (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Recording seismic events at teleseismic distances with broadband and high dynamic range instruments provides new high-quality data that allow us to interpret in more detail the complexity of seismic rupture as well as the heterogeneous structure of the medium surrounding the source where waves are initially propagating. Wave propagation analysis is performed by ray tracing in a local cartesian coordinate system near the source and in a global spherical coordinate system when waves enter the mantle. Seismograms are constructed at each station for a propagation in a 2.5-D medium. Many phases can be included and separately analyzed; this is one of the major advantages of ray tracing compared to other wave propagation techniques. We have studied four earthquakes, the 1988 Spitak Armenia Earthquake (Ms = 6.9), the 1990 Iran earthquake (Ms = 7.7), the 1990 romanian earthquake (Ms = 5.8) and the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake (Ms = 6.8). These earthquakes exhibit in different ways the complexity of the rupture and the signature of the medium surrounding the source. The use of velocity seismograms, the time derivative of displacement, increases the difficulty of the fit between synthetic seismograms and real seismograms but provides clear evidence for a need of careful time delay estimations of the different converted phases. We find that understanding of the seismic rupture as well as the influence of the medium surrounding the source for teleseismically recorded earthquakes requires a multi-stop procedure: starting with ground displacement seismograms, one is able to give a first description of the rupture as well as of the first-order influence of the medium. Then, considering the ground velocity seismograms makes the fit more difficult to obtain but increases our sensitivity to the rupture process and early converted phases. With increasing number of worldwide broadband stations, a complex rupture description is possible independently of field observations, which can be used to check the adequacy of such complicated models.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; waveform ; teleseismic earthquake ; source analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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    Imaging the Mediterranean upper mantle by p- wave travel time tomography (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Travel times of P-waves in the Euro-Mediterranean region show strong and consistent lateral variations, which can be associated to structural heterogeneity in the underlying crust and mantle. We analyze regional and tele- seismic data from the International Seismological Centre data base to construct a three-dimensional velocity model of the upper mantle. We parameterize the model by a 3D grid of nodes -with approximately 50 km spacing -with a linear interpolation law, which constitutes a three-dimensional continuous representation of P-wave velocity. We construct summary travel time residuals between pairs of cells of the Earth's surface, both inside our study area and -with a broader spacing -on the whole globe. We account for lower mantle heterogeneity outside the modeled region by using empirical corrections to teleseismic travel times. The tomo- graphic images show generai agreement with other seismological studies of this area, with apparently higher detail attained in some locations. The signature of past and present lithospheric subduction, connected to Euro- African convergence, is a prominent feature. Active subduction under the Tyrrhenian and Hellenic arcs is clearly imaged as high-velocity bodies spanning the whole upper mantle. A clear variation of the lithospheric structure beneath the Northem and Southern Apennines is observed, with the boundary running in correspon- dence of the Ortona-Roccamonfina tectonic lineament. The western section of the Alps appears to have better developed roots than the eastern, possibly reflecting à difference in past subduction of the Tethyan lithosphere and subsequent continental collision.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; tomography ; travel time ; Mediterranean region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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    Materials for the investigation of The Seismicity Of Algeria And Adjacent Regions during the twentieth century (2006)
    Editrice Compositori
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Dr. Benouar presents a full and integrated study of the recent seismicity of Algeria and adjacent regions during the twentieth century. He has amassed an impressive amount of macroseismic information pertaining to individual earthquakes, which he combines with instrumental information to reassess the origin parameters of each event. In any compilation of earthquakes it is the additional information beyond the bare accumulation of figures and facts that adds interest and social understanding to the scientific appreciation of the earthquakes themselves. For this it is necessary to know the local conditions, and Dr. Benouar brings out for us very vivid1y the differences between reporting procedures at different times this century, and the ensuing difficulties. It would be most difficult for an outsider to gather the information he presents, and he makes good use of his knowledge of his native land, as well as his professional training as an engineer. We thus learn of the reluctance of the colonial powers to report on damage or casualties outside those inflicted on the expatriate community, and the general difficulties of finding information about earthquakes that occurred during the wars of independence, at a time when effects of even major earthquakes were sometimes minor compared to those of the war itself. He also does not spare us details of political difficulties that arose during periods of reconstruction following recent earthquakes. This work is not restricted, however, to description. He examines the underlying tectonics of the area and deduces estimates of hazard and risk in various parts of the country. He then proceeds to examine the engineering consequences and discuss future needs for building codes and civil protection. Dr. Benouar has produced a work which could well form a model for those wishing to undertake comprelzensive studies of seismicity of other areas, and the measures needed to reduce the effects of catastrophic earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; Algeria ; 20th century ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Ray synthetic seismograms: a useful tool in the International Data Center environment (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In this paper some of the results of a feasibility study on ray synthetic seismograms usage are reported. A computational method, ways of composing synthetic traces, an application of the source wavelet and the radiation pattern and integration of such an approach into the Center for Seismic Studies (CSS) revision 3.0 structure are outlined. Further on, results obtained for model examples, nuclear explosions, and earthquakes are presented. Conclusions of the undertaken feasibility study help to understand that ray synthetic seismograms represent a very fast tool (results in “no time”) and simultaneously represent a complex tool with all needed features. The ray synthetic seismograms can be implemented in various ways: to be computed automatically and used within the Intelligent Monitoring System, to be computed automatically and provided to the analyst, to provide a database of master events, to be computed interactively by an analyst during routine daily analysis.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; synthetic seismograms ; data processing ; nuclear explosion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Intelligent post processing of seismic events (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Intelligent Monitoring Systern (IMS) currently provides for joint processing of data from six arrays located in Northern and Central Europe. From experience with analyst review of events automatically defined by the IMS, we bave realized that the quality of the automatic event locations can be significantly improved if the event intervals are reprocessed with signal processing pararneters tuned to phases from events in the given region. The tuned processing parameters are obtained from off line analysis of events located in the region of interest. The primary goal of such intelligent post processing is to provide event definitions of a quality that minimizes the need for subsequent manual analysis. The first step in this post processing is to subdivide the arca to be monitored in order to identify sites of interest. Clearly, calibration will be the easiest and potential savings in manpower are the largest for areas of high, recurring seismicity. We bave identified 8 mining sites in Fennoscandia/NW Russia and noted that 65.6% of the events of ML 〉 2.0 in this region can be associated with one of these sites. This result is based on 1 year and a half of data. The second step is to refine the phase arrival and azimuth estimates using frequency filters and processing parameters that are tuned to the initial event location provided by the IMS. In this study, we have analyzed a set of 52 mining explosions from the Khibiny Massif mining area in the Kola peninsula of Russia. Very accurate locations of these events bave been provided by the seismologists from the Kola Regional Seismology Centre. Using an autoregressive likelihood technique we have been able to estimate onset times to an accuracy (standard deviation) of about 0.05 s for P phases and 0.15 0.20 s for S phases. Using fixed frequency bands, azimuth can be estimated to an accuracy (one standard deviation) of 0.9 degrees for the ARCESS array and 3 4 degrees for the small array recently established near Apatity on the Kola peninsula. The third step in the post processing is a relocation of the event, using refined arrivai times and recomputed azimuths from broad band flk analysis. By introducing region specific travel time corrections, a median error of 1.4 km from the reported location has been obtained. This should be compared to the median error of 10.8 km for the automatie IMS processing for these events. This improvement in location accuracy clearly demonstrates the usefulness of the intelligent post processing approach.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; signal processing ; onset time ; event location ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Seismic signals detection and classification using artiricial neural networks (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Pattern recognition belongs to a class of Problems which are easily solved by humans, but difficult for computers. It is sometimes difficult to formalize a problem which a human operator can casily understand by using examples. Neural networks are useful in solving this kind of problem. A neural network may, under certain conditions, simulate a well trained human operator in recognizing different types of earthquakes or in detecting the presence of a seismic event. It is then shown how a fully connected multi layer perceptron may perform a recognition task. It is shown how a self training auto associative neural network may detect an earthquake occurrence analysing the change in signal characteristics.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; detection ; neural network ; auto-associative neural network ; classification ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    A review and new insights on the estimation of the b-valueand its uncertainty (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The estimation of the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter Law and its uncertainty is crucial in seismic hazard studies, as well as in verifying theoretical assertions, such as, for example, the universality of the Gutenberg-Richter Law. In spite of the importance of this issue, many scientific papers still adopt formulas that lead to different estimations. The aim of this paper is to review the main concepts relative to the estimation of the b-value and its uncertainty, and to provide some new analytical and numerical insights on the biases introduced by the unavoidable use of binned magnitudes, and by the measurement errors on the magnitude. It is remarked that, although corrections for binned magnitudes were suggested in the past, they are still very often neglected in the estimation of the b-value, implicitly by assuming that the magnitude is a continuous random variable. In particular, we show that: i) the assumption of continuous magnitude can lead to strong bias in the b-value estimation, and to a significant underestimation of its uncertainty, also for binning of ?M = 0.1; ii) a simple correction applied to the continuous formula causes a drastic reduction of both biases; iii) very simple formulas, until now mostly ignored, provide estimations without significant biases; iv) the effect on the bias due to the measurement errors is negligible compared to the use of binned magnitudes.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: b-value ; seismology ; statistical methods ; synthetic-earthquake catalogs ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
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    GSETT 3: a test of an experimental international seismic monitoring system (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The UN Conference on Disarmament's Group of Scientific Experts (GSE) was established in 1976 to consider international co operative measures to detect and identify seismic events. Over the years, the GSE has developed and tested several concepts for an International Seismic Monitoring System (ISMS) for the purpose of assisting in the verification of a potential comprehensive test ban treaty. The GSE is now planning its third global technical test. (GSETT 3) in order to test new and revisled concepts for an ISMS. GSETT 3 wili be an unprecedented global effort to conduct an operationally realistic test of rapid collection, distribution and processing of seismie data. A global network of seismograph stations will provide data to an International Data Center, where the data will be processed an results made available to participants. The full scaIe phase of GSETT 3 is scheduled to begin in January 1995.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; earthquakes ; nuclear explosion ; seismic network ; seismic monitoring ; nuclear test ban ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    My first fifty years in ionospheric research (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The author, as an active witness, recalls what he has seen of the development of ionospheric physics during the last 50 years.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; geophysics ; radio communications ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The sand grain and the butterfly. Instability in geodesy and geophysics (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The problems of convergence of series in celestial mechanics and of certain series in geodesy (Molodensky's series and spherical harmonics) show similar features, involving a curious instability. This is imaginatively expressed as the « butterfly effect» in chaos theory and the «sand-grain effect» for spherical harmonics. Similarly, the geodetic boundary-value problem (M.S. Molodensky, L. Hormander) and the KAM problem in nonlinear dynamics have a common mathematical structure: a «hard» inverse function problem. Such interrelations are reviewed in the present paper.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geodesy ; geophysics ; gravity field ; instability ; chaos theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Development of an early-warning system for monitoring remote volcanoes (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Many andesitic volcanoes are quiescent for long time periods: usually (but not always) an increase in seismic activity and in deformation precedes an eruption by a few months or a few days. A UNESCO panel has put forward the concept of an early warning system for monitoring dormant volcanoes in remote regions. Simple seismic or deformation measuring devices can in principle be built for monitoring remote volcanoes. These instruments are composed of two units: 1) a processor that measures the baseline «activity» of the volcano and decides when the activity increases above a certain threshold; 2) a transmitter for long distance communication. For slow parameters like tilt or extensometry, the signal can be transmitted every few minutes or hours. For seismology, signals include a large quantity of data and therefore they are usually not transmitted. The processing unit is not easy to design because a single seismic station can record noises that are very similar to «volcanic events». Average noise level on a given time interval, event detection counters and high amplitude ground motion counters are a simple (but not exhaustive) way to summarize seismic activity. The transmission of data from the field to a monitoring center is feasible by present and future satellite telemetry. We present our attempt to develop an early warning system for remote volcano monitoring with data transmission by satellite.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcano monitoring ; early-warning ; satellite transmission ; seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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    A deep geoelectrical survey in the Southern Central Alps (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A deep geoelectrical survey was carried out on the Southern Central AIps, to the north of Bergamo, by means of the “continuous polar dipole-dipole” electrode array. Among the 6 profiles executed, 4 revealed the existence of a substratum with very high resistivity values (15 000-40 000 ohm.m) and a flat not very deep upper boundary; its thickness exceeds the maximum expIoration depths of the soundings (1 to 6 km). On the grounds of general considerations and resistivity field data set, it is possible to infer that the high values should be ascribed to endogenous rather than to sedimentary rocks. A problem arises since these geophysical results are not in agreement with some geological models.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geophysics ; geoelectric ; Central Alps ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
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    An experiment of spectral induced polarization (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) survey was carried out in a mining test site in Sardinia (Italy). Measurements were developed along a profile by using an axial dipole-dipole array with 10 AB positions and 6 MN positions for cach AB. The amplitude and phase spectra of the apparent resistivity were acquired in the 0.25-4096 Hz frequeney range. The results obtained through the processing and inversion step seem to confirm that, with respect to the classical TD/FD Induced Polarization, SIP allows better discrimination of some important characteristics of mineral deposits such as mineral content and grain size.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: mining ; geophysics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques
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    GPR and GPS data integration: examples of application in Antarctica (2006)
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques were employed in snow accumulation studies during the Italian leg of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE). The acquired data were useful both for glaciological and climatological studies. This paper presents some results obtained by GPR and GPS data integration employed to determine accumulation/ablation processes along the profile of the traverse that show how the snow-sublayer thickness can vary quickly in just a few kilometres. Some examples of data integration employed in detection and characterisation of buried crevasses are also presented.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: GPR ; GPS ; geophysics ; geodesy ; antartica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods
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    A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three-dimensional fault: 2. Traction evolution and dynamic parameters (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 656-678, pp. B05304, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Modelling ; rate ; state ; Friction ; Stress drop ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Fluids ; Geothermics ; Three dimensional ; Physical properties of rocks ; Source ; Dynamic ; JGR ; dynamic ; fault ; weakening ; frictional ; heating ; pore ; pressure ; evolution ; thermal ; pressurization ; porosity ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology
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    North Anatolian Fault in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey): Rapid vertical motion in response to minor bends of a nonvertical continental transform (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Roma, Publicazioni dell'Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, vol. 111, no. B4, pp. 24133-24146, pp. B04102, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Fault zone ; NAFZ ; Stress ; Coulomb ; Structural geology ; JGR ; Cagatay ; Goeruer ; Gorur ; Marmara ; Sea ; multibeam ; bathymetry ; fault ; bends ; seafloor ; rupture ; Izmit ; earthquake ; 3045 ; Marine ; Geology ; and ; Geophysics: ; Seafloor ; morphology, ; geology, ; and ; geophysics ; 7221 ; Seismology: ; Paleoseismology ; (8036) ; 7250 ; Transform ; faults ; 8111 ; Tectonophysics: ; Continental ; tectonics: ; strike-slip ; and ; transform ; 8150 ; Plate ; boundary: ; general ; (3040)
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    Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike-slip faults (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Pergamon, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 305-314, pp. B05309, (ISBN 1-86239-117-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Fault zone ; Structural geology ; Modelling ; Inelastic ; Rheology ; cycles ; JGR ; step ; over ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; (1217, ; 1242) ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240)
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    Broadband hydroseismograms observed by closed borehole wells in the Kamioka mine, central Japan: Response of pore pressure to seismic waves from 0.05 to 2 Hz (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, vol. 111, no. B3, pp. 879-897, pp. B03410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Broad-band ; hydrophone ; Body waves ; Rayleigh waves ; Physical properties of rocks ; Fluids ; Borehole geophys. ; JGR ; poroelasticity ; Skempton ; coefficient ; hydroseismogram ; 5199 ; Physical ; Properties ; of ; Rocks: ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; 1829 ; Hydrology: ; Groundwater ; hydrology ; 7294 ; Seismology: ; Seismic ; instruments ; and ; networks ; (0935, ; 3025) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology
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  • 79
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    Static Coulomb failure function and aftershocks of 1995 Kobe earthquake: A statistical test (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Amsterdam, Univ. Tokyo, vol. 33, no. 17, pp. 551-557, pp. L17313, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Stress ; Aftershocks ; Earthquake ; Statistical investigations ; CFF ; GRL ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; (1217, ; 1242) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242)
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  • 80
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    Bathymetric survey images structure off Sumatra (2006)
    In:  Eos Trans. AGU, Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 87, no. 17, pp. 165,168, pp. 1025, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Sea seismics, ; Earthquake, ; Banda, ; Aceh, ; Nias, ; Project report/description ; Fluh ; Gadicke ; 3045 ; Marine ; Geology ; and ; Geophysics: ; Seafloor ; morphology, ; geology, ; and ; geophysics ; 3060 ; Subduction ; zone ; processes ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics
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  • 81
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    Seismic imaging of the aftershock zone of the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake, India (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Ottawa, 3-4, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 633-649, pp. L05309, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Aftershocks ; Earthquake ; Body waves ; P-waves ; Shear waves ; Velocity depth profile ; Tomography ; GRL ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7205 ; Continental ; crust ; (1219) ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology ; 7270 ; Tomography ; (6982, ; 8180) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242)
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  • 82
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    Hybrid stochastic finite fault modeling of 2003, M6.5, Bam earthquake (Iran) (2006)
    In:  J. of Seismology, Edmonton, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 91-103, pp. 2340, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; Statistical investigations ; Modelling ; Strong motions ; JOSE ; ground ; motion ; simulation ; - ; near-source ; effects ; - ; seismology
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  • 83
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    Radiated seismic energy based on dynamic rupture models of faulting (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stuttgart, Pergamon, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 1557-1563, pp. B05315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Source ; JGR ; radiated ; energy ; fracture ; energy ; Northridge ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology
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  • 84
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    Seismicity on a fault controlled by rate- and state-dependent friction with spatial variations of the critical slip distance (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 111, no. B1, pp. 193-206, pp. B01403, (ISSN 0343-5164)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Friction ; Rock mechanics ; Modelling ; JGR ; rate ; and ; state ; friction ; critical ; slip ; distance ; distribution ; seismicity ; evolution ; 4430 ; Nonlinear ; Geophysics: ; Complex ; systems ; 7290 ; Seismology: ; Computational ; seismology ; 8034 ; Structural ; Geology: ; Rheology ; and ; friction ; of ; fault ; zones ; (8163) ; 8118 ; Tectonophysics: ; Dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; of ; faulting ; (8004)
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  • 85
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    Aftershock decay, productivity, and stress rates in Hawaii: Indicators of temperature and stress from magma sources (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Jena, Physica-Verlag, vol. 111, no. B7, pp. 1-26, pp. B07307, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Aftershocks ; Omori ; Volcanology ; Gutenberg-Richter magnitude frequency b-value ; JGR ; 8499 ; Volcanology: ; General ; or ; miscellaneous ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; 7280: ; Volcano ; seismology
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    Time-reversal imaging of seismic sources and application to the great Sumatra earthquake (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1-4, pp. L19312, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: The increasing power of computers and numerical methods (like spectral element methods) allows continuously improving modelization of the propagation of seismic waves in heterogeneous media and the development of new applications in particular time reversal in the three-dimensional Earth. The concept of time-reversal (hereafter referred to as TR) was previously successfully applied for acoustic waves in many fields like medical imaging, underwater acoustics and non destructive testing. We present here the first application at the global scale of TR with associated reverse movies of seismic waves propagation by sending back long period time-reversed seismograms. We show that seismic wave energy is refocused at the right location and the right time of the earthquake. When TR is applied to the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (26 Dec. 2004), the migration of the rupture from the south towards the north is retrieved. Therefore, TR is potentially interesting for constraining the spatio-temporal history of complex earthquakes.
    Keywords: Source ; Seismology ; Wave propagation ; Spectral analysis ; Inhomogeneity ; Three dimensional ; Earthquake ; Banda ; Aceh ; Indonesia ; Clevede ; GRL ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology ; 9820 ; General ; or ; Miscellaneous: ; Techniques ; applicable ; in ; three ; or ; more ; fields
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    A thermal pressurization model for the spontaneous dynamic rupture propagation on a three-dimensional fault: 1. Methodological approach (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Warszawa, Elsevier, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 656-678, pp. B05303, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Modelling ; rate ; state ; Friction ; Stress drop ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Linker ; Dieterich ; evolution ; law ; Fluids ; Geothermics ; Three dimensional ; Physical properties of rocks ; Source ; Dynamic ; JGR ; earthquake ; dynamics ; pore ; pressure ; evolution ; frictional ; heating ; hydraulic ; diffusivity ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7255 ; Surface ; waves ; and ; free ; oscillations ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology
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  • 88
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    Some insight on why Bam (Iran) was destroyed by an earthquake of relatively moderate size (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Leipzig, Birkhäuser Verlag, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1-4, pp. L09309, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Site amplification ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Source parameters ; Hypocentral depth ; GRL ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7215 ; Earthquake ; source ; observations
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  • 89
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    Strong shaking in Los Angeles expected from southern San Andreas earthquake (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 627-638, pp. L07305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Strong motions ; Site amplification ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake risk ; Fault zone ; SAF ; USA ; Love-waves ; basin ; guided ; Waves ; Modelling ; GRL ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7290 ; Seismology: ; Computational ; seismology
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  • 90
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    Initiation propagation and termination of elastodynamic ruptures associated with segmentation of faults and shaking hazard (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Luxembourg, Deutsche Geophys. Gesellschaft, vol. 111, no. B8, pp. 1-14, pp. B08302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Fracture ; Seismology ; Source ; Fault zone ; Earthquake hazard ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; 8118 ; Tectonophysics: ; Dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; of ; faulting ; 7290 ; Seismology: ; Computational ; seismology
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    The development of statistical seismology: A personal experience (2006)
    In:  Tectonophysics, Veldhoven, Kluwer, vol. 413, no. 1-2, pp. 5-12, pp. B05302, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Statistical investigations ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Statistical ; seismology ; Earthquake ; prediction ; Probability ; forecasts ; Seismicity ; models ; History ; of ; seismology
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  • 92
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    Urban shakemap methodology for Bucharest (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 33, no. 14, pp. 383-384, pp. L14310
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Strong motions ; Site amplification ; Review article ; GRL ; 3255 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Spectral ; analysis ; (3205, ; 3280) ; 7212 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7294 ; Seismic ; instruments ; and ; networks ; (0935, ; 3025)
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    Accuracy of high-rate Global Positioning System for seismology (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Münster, 3, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1-4, pp. L11308, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Seismology ; cGlobal Positioning System ; Error analysis ; GRL ; Elosegui, ; Ekstrom ; Ekstroem ; 1242 ; Geodesy ; and ; Gravity: ; Seismic ; cycle ; related ; deformations ; 1294 ; Instruments ; and ; techniques ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7280 ; Volcano ; seismology
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  • 94
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    Analysis and simulation of chemical explosions in nonspherical cavities in granite (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Berlin, Pergamon, vol. 111, no. B4, pp. 531-565, pp. B04306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Nuclear explosion ; Modelling ; Source ; Rock mechanics ; Detectors ; Discrimination ; JGR ; decoupling ; chemical ; explosion ; 7219 ; Seismology: ; Seismic ; monitoring ; and ; test-ban ; treaty ; verification ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7290 ; Seismology: ; Computational ; seismology ; CTBT
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  • 95
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    Increase of shear wave velocity before the 1998 eruption of Merapi volcano (Indonesia) (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, AGU, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1-4, pp. L09303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Shear waves ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Velocity analysis ; GRL ; Luhr ; Luehr ; 7203 ; Seismology: ; Body ; waves ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology ; 8419 ; Volcanology: ; Volcano ; monitoring
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    Magnitude determination using initial P waves: A single-station approach (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Kunming, China, Elsevier, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 2517-2524, pp. L05306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Magnitude ; fast ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; M ; 〈= ; 6.5 ; GRL ; 7215 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; source ; observations ; (1240) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; (1217, ; 1242) ; 7294 ; Seismic ; instruments ; and ; networks ; (0935, ; 3025)
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    Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage (2006)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Würzburg, Pergamon, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 643-654, pp. L06316, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Site amplification ; Three dimensional ; Wave propagation ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake risk ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Shear waves ; Reflection seismics ; Earthquake ; Nisqually ; GRL ; 0935 ; Exploration ; Geophysics: ; Seismic ; methods ; (3025, ; 7294) ; 7205 ; Seismology: ; Continental ; crust ; (1219) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7299 ; General ; or ; miscellaneous
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  • 98
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    Earthquake nucleation on dip-slip faults with depth-dependent frictional properties (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Taipei, 3-4, vol. 111, no. B7, pp. 1-14, pp. B07303, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Dip-slip ; Source ; Friction ; Physical properties of rocks ; Velocity depth profile ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; JGR
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  • 99
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    Dynamic simulation of a dipping fault using a three-dimensional finite difference method with nonuniform grid spacing (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Taipei, 3-4, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. ESE 4-1 to ESE 4-14, pp. B05301, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Modelling ; Finite difference method ; Three dimensional ; Dynamic ; Fracture ; Source ; Madariaga ; JGR ; instantaneous ; rupture ; model ; spontaneous ; rupture ; model ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7260 ; Theory ; 7280 ; Volcano ; seismology ; (8419)
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    Tests of the precursory accelerating moment release model using a synthetic seismicity model for Wellington, New Zealand (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 1217-1232, pp. B05308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: seismic Moment ; Seismicity ; Statistical investigations ; Gutenberg-Richter magnitude frequency b-value ; JGR ; AMR ; earthquake ; forecasting ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7223 ; Earthquake ; interaction, ; forecasting, ; and ; prediction ; (1217, ; 1242) ; 7230 ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; (1207, ; 1217, ; 1240, ; 1242) ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology
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