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  • 1
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    Hybrid modeling of elastic P-SV wave motion: A combined finite-element and staggered-grid finite-difference approach (2004)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Stuttgart, Pergamon, vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 1557-1563, pp. B05S19, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Seismology ; Modelling ; Synthetic seismograms ; P-waves ; SV waves ; Finite Element Method ; Finite difference method ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Radiated seismic energy based on dynamic rupture models of faulting (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Stuttgart, Pergamon, vol. 111, no. B5, pp. 1557-1563, pp. B05315, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Energy (of earthquakes) ; Fracture ; Rock mechanics ; Source ; JGR ; radiated ; energy ; fracture ; energy ; Northridge ; 7209 ; Seismology: ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; (1242) ; 7212 ; Earthquake ; ground ; motions ; and ; engineering ; seismology ; 7290 ; Computational ; seismology
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Dynamic Fault Weakening and Strengthening by Gouge Compaction and Dilatancy in a Fluid-Saturated Fault Zone (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Fault gouge deformation likely plays a significant role in controlling the strength of mature, large-displacement faults. Experiments show that intact gouge deforms in an overall ductile and stable manner, readily compacting, but dilates and experiences brittle failure under large strain rate. Inelastic gouge compaction and dilatancy are modeled here using a combined Mohr-Coulomb and end-cap yield criterion in a dynamic rupture model of a strike-slip fault with strongly velocity-weakening friction. We show that large shear stress concentration ahead of the rupture associated with the rupture front causes the gouge layer to compact (e.g., by structural collapse and comminution), leading to rapidly elevated pore pressure and significant weakening of the principal fault surface. Shortly after the rupture front passes, strong dilatancy during strength drop and rapid sliding reduces pore pressure and strengthens the fault, promoting slip pulses. Large strain localization in the gouge layer occurs as a result of rapid gouge dilatancy and strain softening. The combination of pre-rupture weakening from compaction and restrengthening from dilatancy hardening leads to a smaller strength drop, and limits the stress concentration outside the gouge layer. This leads to a reduction of inelastic shear strain in the damage zone, which is more consistent with geological observations and high-speed frictional experiments. With the presence of well-developed fault gouge, the strength of mature faults may be limited by end-cap, rather than Mohr-Coulomb failure; thus, their frictional strengths are significantly smaller than Byerlee friction.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    A self-consistent mechanism for slow dynamic deformation and large tsunami generation for earthquakes in the shallow subduction zone (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: Dynamic pore pressure changes in the overriding wedge above a shallow-dipping plate interface significantly affect the rupture dynamics of shallow subduction zone earthquakes and their tsunamigenesis. For a wedge on the verge of Coulomb failure everywhere including the basal fault, the dynamic pore pressure increase due to up-dip rupture propagation leads to widespread yielding within the wedge, which is greatly enhanced by the shallow dip of the fault. The widespread yielding reduces the stress drop, slip velocity, slip, and rupture velocity, giving rise to prolonged rupture duration, thus explaining many anomalous features of shallow subduction zone earthquakes. Significant inelastic seafloor uplift occurs in the case of a shallow fault dip, with the largest uplift located landward from the trench. Integrating this physical mechanism with existing seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations can provide new insights into earthquake dynamics and deformation processes in shallow subduction zones.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Testing the Amplitude of the Deconvolution‐Based Ambient‐Field Green's Functions by 3D Simulations of Elastic Wave Propagation in Sedimentary Basins (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract We test the amplitude of deconvolution‐based ambient‐field Green's functions in 3D numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation. We first simulate strongly scattered waves in a hypothetical 3D sedimentary basin with small‐scale heterogeneities, which provides an ideally random environment to test various approaches of extracting the amplitude of Green's functions, as the deterministic station‐to‐station Green's functions can be computed in the given velocity structure. Our second model computes the station‐to‐station Green's functions in the Community Velocity Model (CVM‐S4.26) for southern California and compares them with the Green's functions extracted from 1‐year of ambient noise data. In both models, remarkable waveform similarity among different Green's functions is obtained. In the hypothetical basin model where the wave field is nearly random, both the correlation‐ and deconvolution‐based Green's functions contain robust amplitude information. However, large amplitude biases are observed in the Green's functions extracted from ambient noise in southern California, showing a strong azimuthal dependence. The deconvolution approach in general overestimate the amplitude along the direction of noise propagation, but underestimate it in other azimuths. The correlation approach with temporal normalization and spectral whitening generates similar amplitude to the deconvolution in a wide azimuthal range. Our results corroborate that the inhomogeneous distribution of noise sources biases the amplitude of Green's functions. Carefully reducing these biases is necessary to use these ambient‐field Green's functions in the virtual earthquake approach.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Ambient-field Green's functions from asynchronous seismic observations (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: We demonstrate that the coda of station-to-station Green's functions extracted from the ambient seismic field in southern California reach stability in the microseism band (5–10 s) after correlating six months of noise data. The coda stability makes it possible to retrieve Green's functions between stations that operate asynchronously through scattered waves as recorded by a network of fiducial stations. The Green's functions extracted from asynchronous and synchronous data have comparable quality as long as stable virtual coda are used, and both show good convergence to the Green's functions extracted from 1 year of seismic noise with ∼50 fiducial stations. This approach suggests that Green's functions can be extracted across seismic stations regardless of whether or not they are occupied simultaneously, which raises the prospect of a new mode for seismic experiments that seek to constrain Earth structure.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 645: Effect of Hydrogen Refueling Parameters on Final State of Charge (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The state of charge (SOC) is a key indicator to show whether a compressed hydrogen tank meets refueling requirements, so it is worth to study effects of the refueling parameters on it. A new SOC analytical solution is obtained based on a simple thermodynamic model. By applying a mass balance equation and an energy balance equation for a hydrogen storage system, a differential equation was obtained. An analytical solution of hydrogen temperature was deduced from the solution of the differential equation, then an analytical solution of hydrogen mass was further deduced based on the analytical solution of hydrogen temperature with some mathematical modifications. By assuming the hydrogen density inside the tank is uniform, the SOC, which defined as a ratio of hydrogen density to the full-fill density, can be transformed to be the ratio of hydrogen mass to the full-fill mass. The hydrogen mass can be calculated from analytical solution of hydrogen mass, while the full-fill mass is supposed to be a constant value. The full-fill density of 35 MPa and 70 MPa tanks at 15 °C are respectively 24.0 g/L and 40.2 g/L, and if the volume of the tank is known, the full-fill mass can also be calculated. The analytical solution of SOC can be unitized to express the reference data, the contributions of inflow temperature and mass flow rate on SOC are presented for a Dynetek type III tank (40 L, metallic liner) and a Hexagon type IV tank (29 L, plastic liner). In addition, the two-parameter effect of inflow temperature and mass flow rate on SOC are presented. The Nusselt number and Reynolds number are utilized to modify the analytical model, the relationship between SOC and refueling parameters can be obtained through the method of fitting. The fittings show a good agreement. The SOC can be determined from the refueling parameters based on the model with more physical meaning. The method developed in this research can be applied to the control algorithm of refueling stations to ensure safety and efficiency.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
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    Energy Harvesting with a Liquid-Metal Microfluidic Influence Machine (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-06
    Description: Author(s): Christopher Conner, Tim de Visser, Joshua Loessberg, Sam Sherman, Andrew Smith, Shuo Ma, Maria Teresa Napoli, Sumita Pennathur, and David Weld Energy harvesting offers the appealing possibility to extract electrical work from ambient energy sources, like waves or human locomotion, but limitations in efficiency, practicality, and generality have thwarted its widespread adoption. This study demonstrates energy harvesting based on a microfluidic realization of an electrostatic i n f l u e n c e m a c h i n e —a modern take on an old idea. This technique could reach power efficiencies well beyond those of existing technologies, and the microfluidic context enables straightforward scaling and parallelization. The device concept and initial results presented here might well open a path to practical, battery-free, low-power electronics. [Phys. Rev. Applied 9, 044008] Published Thu Apr 05, 2018
    Electronic ISSN: 2331-7019
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Pages 2293: Rain Monitoring with Polarimetric GNSS Signals: Ground-Based Experimental Research (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In recent years, there has been a preliminary research on monitoring rainfall information based on polarimetric Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, which is a quite novel concept. After previous theoretical research on monitoring rain based on polarimetric phase shift of GNSS signals, the paper aims to detect rain using polarimetric GNSS signals from a ground-based experiment. Firstly, a conical horn antenna specially designed for receiving dual-polarized (H, horizontal, and V, vertical) GNSS signals was developed, and an experimental system for polarimetric GNSS rain detection was built. Then, taking Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites as signal source, a ground-based experiment was carried out at a mountain in Nanjing, where heavy rain tends to occur frequently in rainy season. Additionally, a data processing algorithm mainly following Padullés et al. (2016) to solve the problems of quality control, unlocking, hardware effect, phase ambiguity, multipath effect was applied independently to this ground-based data from the polarimetric GNSS rain detection system. Also, the multi-source data from nearby weather radar and weather stations was used for verification. Results from 14 GPS satellites show that the obtained phase shift is zero in all no-rain days while it is not zero during rainy days, which is in accordance with the actual situation. Compared with weather radar and rain gauges’ data, the results verify that the phase shift is caused by rain. Besides, when individual cases are examined, many show that their tendencies of accumulated phase shift are quite similar to that of a weather station’s rainfall data, even some correlation coefficients are up to 0.99. These demonstrate the reliability of our experimental system and the feasibility of the data processing algorithm. This study will provide technical support for future spaceborne experiment, which has promising applications in global rain monitoring.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Dynamic Distribution of the Gut Microbiota and the Relationship with Apparent Crude Fiber Digestibility and Growth Stages in Pigs (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: The gut microbiota plays an important role in nutrient digestibility in animals. To examine changes in the pig gut microbiota across growth stages and its effects on nutrient digestion, the gut microbiota population in pigs at 28 days (before weaning), and 60, 90, and 150 days of age was assessed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The apparent digestibility of crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was also assessed in these pigs. A total of 19,875 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from all samples. Both bacterial abundance and diversity increased with age. A total of 22 phyla and 249 genera were identified from all fecal samples; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla in all samples. With increasing age, the proportion of TM7 and Tenericutes increased, whereas the proportion of Lentisphaerae and Synergistetes decreased. The abundance of 36 genera varied with age, and the apparent digestibility of CF increased with age. Three phyla, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and TM7, and 11 genera, including Anaeroplasma, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, were correlated with apparent CF digestibility. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep09938
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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