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  • Weitere Quellen  (226)
  • Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)  (138)
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  • 2020-2024  (226)
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  • 1
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-04
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-08
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-16
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-24
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-02
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: RV Meteor M197 EMS-PS ('Eastern Mediterranean Sea - Process Study'), 30.12.2023 – 06.02.2024
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-13
    Beschreibung: RV MARIA S. MERIAN MSM126 “Jellyweb Madeira” 9. Februar – 4. März 2024 1. Wochenbericht (9.-11. Februar, 2024)
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  • 8
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-22
    Beschreibung: RV MARIA S. MERIAN MSM126 “Jellyweb Madeira” 9. Februar – 4. März 2024 2.Wochenbericht (12. – 18. Februar 2024)
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  • 9
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-27
    Beschreibung: RV MARIA S. MERIAN MSM126 “Jellyweb Madeira” 9. Februar – 4. März 2024 3.Wochenbericht (19. – 25. Februar 2024)
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  • 10
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-04
    Beschreibung: RV MARIA S. MERIAN MSM126 “Jellyweb Madeira” 9. Februar – 4. März 2024 4.Wochenbericht (26.Februar – 03. März 2024)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-15
    Beschreibung: The exploitation of marine resources has caused drastic declines of many large predatory fishes. Amongst these, sharks are of major conservation concern due to their high vulnerability to overfishing and their ecological role as top predators. The 2 protected and endangered shark species tope Galeorhinus galeus and smooth hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena use overlapping coastal areas around the globe as essential fish habitats, but data to assess their trophic ecology and niche partitioning are scarce. We provide the first comparative assessment of the trophic ecology, ontogenetic shifts, and niche partitioning of the co-occurring tope and juvenile smooth hammerhead around the Azores Islands, mid-north Atlantic, based on delta 13C, delta 15N, and delta 34S (CNS) stable isotope analysis of muscle tissue of the sharks and their putative prey species. Overall, isotopic niches of both species indicated a reliance on similar resources throughout the sampled sizes (tope: 35-190; smooth hammerhead 54-159 cm total length), with significant ontogenetic shifts. Topes displayed a gradual shift to higher trophic levels and a more generalist diet with increasing size (increasing delta 15N values and isotopic niche volumes, respectively), whereas smooth hammerhead diet shifted towards prey with lower delta 34S at a constant trophic level and a more specialized diet than tope of comparable body size (decreasing delta 34S and constant delta 15N and delta 13C values, respectively). Our results indicate contrasting ontogenetic shifts in delta 13C and delta 34S along with pronounced differences between niche overlap of life stages pointing to intra- and interspecific niche partitioning of habitat and prey.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-27
    Beschreibung: August 14 – August 17, 2023, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) CAU pherPraO
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-11
    Beschreibung: FS Maria S Merian – MSM129/2 07.06.2024 – 06.07.2024 St. John’s (Kanada) – Reykjavik (Island) 1st Wochenbericht (07.06. – 09.06.2024)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-17
    Beschreibung: FS Maria S Merian – MSM129/2 07.06.2024 – 06.07.2024 St. John’s (Kanada) – Reykjavik (Island) 2. Wochenbericht (10.06. – 17.06.2024)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-25
    Beschreibung: FS Maria S Merian – MSM129/2 07.06.2024 – 06.07.2024 St. John’s (Kanada) – Reykjavik (Island) 3. Wochenbericht (17.06. – 23.06.2024)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-07-02
    Beschreibung: Spatiotemporal observations are data rich and offer insights into links between ecological patterns and underlying processes. We present fine-scale autonomous observations from repeated ferry transects in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) during the 2020 spring bloom period using a FerryBox system (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a fluorescence) and a digital inline holographic microscope. Despite instrument cleaning interruptions related to COVID-19 restrictions, 3 periods from late winter (February) to springtime (March and April) contained 14 days of high-quality holograms (〉70 000) capturing 〉10 500 identifiable micro- to mesoplankton using automatic object detection. The ferry set-up provided automatic data storage through Ocean Networks Canada, which also automatized data flagging and guaranteed remote access. The highest-quality holograms repeatedly covered the central and eastern Strait and showed aspects of bloom succession. Fast-growing diatoms (Skeletonema sp.) emerged first, followed by a diverse assemblage including Chaetoceros spp., Ditylum spp., and Eucampia spp., and by April, larger centric cells prevailed. The combined approach captured local suppression of chlorophyll a fluorescence and diatom concentrations in Fraser River plume waters during the freshet, suggesting fine-scale spatial patterns in seasonal planktonic community composition. This work is among the first of its kind to autonomously generate in situ imaging and physicochemical data with spatiotemporal resolution.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 17
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-07-08
    Beschreibung: FS Maria S Merian – MSM129/2 07.06.2024 – 06.07.2024 St. John’s (Kanada) – Reykjavik (Island) 4. Wochenbericht (24.06. – 30.06.2024)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 18
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-21
    Beschreibung: FS METEOR Reise M189, 16.04. – 13.05.2023, Walvis Bay (Namibia) – Walvis Bay (Namibia): 1.Wochenbericht (16.04.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 19
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-25
    Beschreibung: FS METEOR Reise M189, 16.04. – 13.05.2023, Walvis Bay (Namibia) – Walvis Bay (Namibia): 2. Wochenbericht (17. - 23.04.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 20
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-05-08
    Beschreibung: FS METEOR Reise M189, 16.04. – 13.05.2023, Walvis Bay (Namibia) – Walvis Bay (Namibia): 3. Wochenbericht ((24. - 30.04.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 21
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: FS ALKOR Ausfahrt AL595 GPF 21-2_037 31.05. – 20.06.2023 Kiel – Island – Kiel AUV@Grimsey Bathymetrische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen am Grimsey Hydrothermalfeld Wochenbericht Nr.1 31.05. – 05.06.2023
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 22
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: FS ALKOR Ausfahrt AL595 GPF 21-2_037 31.05. – 20.06.2023 Kiel – Island – Kiel AUV@Grimsey Bathymetrische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen am Grimsey Hydrothermalfeld Wochenbericht Nr. 2 6.06. – 12.06.2023
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 23
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: FS ALKOR Ausfahrt AL595 GPF 21-2_037 31.05. – 20.06.2023 Kiel – Island – Kiel AUV@Grimsey Bathymetrische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen am Grimsey Hydrothermalfeld Wochenbericht Nr.3 13.06. – 19.06.2023
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 24
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-26
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 25
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-26
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 26
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-07
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 27
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-19
    Materialart: Proceedings , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 28
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-19
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 29
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-19
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 30
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-31
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 31
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-31
    Beschreibung: 06.06. – 29.07.2023, Townsville (Australien) – Singapur
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-14
    Beschreibung: The Digital Earth Viewer is a tool for the visualisation and exploration of geospatial data in true 3D over time. It runs on Windows, MacOS and Linux and only requires a modern webbrowser to use. Common file formats such as CSV, netCDF, GeoTIFF and many more are natively supported
    Materialart: Software , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: archive
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  • 33
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-07
    Beschreibung: TRANSFORMERS II, MARIA S. MERIAN 122 Ponta Delgada – Halifax, 19. Oktober bis 9. November 2023 1. Wochenbericht (19.10.- 22.10.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 34
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-07
    Beschreibung: TRANSFORMERS II, MARIA S. MERIAN 122 Ponta Delgada – Halifax, 19. Oktober bis 9. November 2023 2. Wochenbericht (23.10.- 29.10.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 35
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-07
    Beschreibung: TRANSFORMERS II, MARIA S. MERIAN 122, Ponta Delgada – Halifax, 19. Oktober bis 9. November 2023 3. Wochenbericht (30.10.- 05.11.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 36
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-05
    Beschreibung: MSM123 “BELS” Halifax – St. John’s 23. November – 27. Dezember 2023 2.Wochenbericht (27.11. 2023 - 03.12.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 37
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-11
    Beschreibung: MSM123 “BELS” Halifax – St. John’s 23. November – 27. Dezember 2023 3.Wochenbericht (04.12.2023 - 10.12.2023)
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  • 38
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-19
    Beschreibung: MSM123 “BELS” Halifax – St. John’s 23. November – 27. Dezember 2023 4.Wochenbericht (11.12.2023 - 17.12.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 39
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-05
    Beschreibung: MSM123 “BELS” Halifax – St. John’s 23. November – 27. Dezember 2023 5. Wochenbericht (23.12.2023 - 27.12.2023)
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Eutrophication-driven harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have secondary effects on larval fishes that rely on estuaries as nurseries. However, few studies worldwide have quantified these effects despite the global rise in eutrophication. This study presents a novel approach using biochemical body condition analyses to evaluate the impact of HABs on the growth and body condition of the larvae of an estuarine resident fish. Recurrent phytoplankton blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo occur in the warm-temperate Sundays Estuary on the southeast coast of South Africa. The response in body condition and assemblage structure on larval estuarine roundherring (Gilchristella aestuaria) was measured in conjunction with bloom conditions, water quality and zooplanktonic prey and predators. Larvae and early juveniles were sampled during varying intensity levels, duration and frequency of hypereutrophic blooms. This study demonstrated that extensive HABs could significantly impact larval roundherring, G. aestuaria, by decreasing larval nutritional condition and limiting their growth, resulting in poor grow-out into the juvenile phase. Poor condition and growth may likely affect recruitment success to adult populations, and since G. aestuaria is an important forage fish and zooplanktivore, poor recruitment will hold consequences for estuarine food webs.
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Abundance, biomass and respiration rates of dominant medium- to larger-sized copepod species (ML class) from the upwelling system off Peru (8.5-16°S) were determined along with their carbon ingestion and egestion rates. Small copepods (S class) were included for comparisons of community rates. Overall, abundance/biomass was highest in the upper 50 m and decreased with depth and thus also community ingestion and egestion. Ingestion of the ML class (0-50 m) in shelf regions (14-515 mg C m -2 d -1 ) was lower in the south compared to the north and central study areas, while their offshore ingestion (11-502 mg C m -2 d -1 ) was comparable across regions (8.5-16°S). Ingestion rates (0-50 m) of the S class were in a range similar to those of the ML class in shelf regions (100-417 mg C m -2 d -1 ) but were higher offshore (177-932 mg C m -2 d -1 ). Calanus chilensis and the S class contributed most to total ingestion in the north, while in the south, Centropages brachiatus had the highest community ingestion aside from the S class. Egestion varied from 3-155 mg C m -2 d -1 for the ML class and 30-280 mg C m -2 d -1 for the S class. The high community rates highlight the crucial role of both size classes for carbon budgets in the northern Humboldt Current System off Peru and indicate that the ML class may enhance passive vertical carbon flux, whereas the S class may support carbon remineralization rates in surface waters.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-25
    Beschreibung: The Humboldt Upwelling System (HUS) supports high levels of primary production and has the largest single-stock fishery worldwide. The high fish production is suggested to be related to high trophic transfer efficiency in the HUS. Mucous-mesh grazers (pelagic tunicates and gastropods) are mostly of low nutritious value and might reduce trophic transfer efficiency when they are locally abundant. Unfortunately, little is known about the spatial dynamics of mucous-mesh grazers from Peruvian waters, limiting our understanding of their potential ecological role(s). We provide a spatial assessment of mucous-mesh grazer abundance from the Peruvian shelf in austral summer 2018/2019 along six cross-shelf transects spanning from 8.5 to 16° S latitude. The community was dominated by appendicularians and doliolids. Salps occurred in high abundance but infrequently and pelagic gastropods were mostly restricted to the North. At low latitudes, the abundance of mucous-mesh grazers was higher than some key species of crustacean mesozooplankton. Transects in this region had stronger Ekman-transport, higher temperature, lower surface turbidity and a broader oxygenated upper water layer compared to higher-latitude transects. Small-scale lateral intrusions of upwelled water were potentially associated with high abundances of doliolids at specific stations. The high abundance and estimated ingestion rates of mucous-mesh grazers in the northern HUS suggest that a large flux of carbon from lower trophic levels is shunted to tunicates in recently upwelled water masses. The data provide important information on the ecology of mucous mesh grazers and stress the relevance to increase research effort on investigating their functioning in upwelling systems.
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  • 43
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: The Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air–sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our “Theory of Change” relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from 〉40 OceanObs’19 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air–sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air–sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air–sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable–Accessible–Interoperable–Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-07
    Materialart: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-07
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  • 46
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    GEOMAR
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-19
    Beschreibung: Las Palmas, Spain - Guayaquil, Ecuador 11.12.2021 - 11.02.2022
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The blue mussel (Mytilus species complex) is an important ecosystem engineer, and salinity can be a major abiotic driver of mussel functioning in coastal ecosystems. However, little is known about the interactive effects of abiotic drivers and trematode infection. This study investigated the combined effects of salinity and Himasthla elongata and Renicola roscovita metacercarial infections on the filtration capacity, growth, and condition of M. edulis from the Baltic Sea. In a laboratory experiment, groups of infected and uninfected mussels were exposed to a wide range of salinities (6−30, in steps of 3) for 1 mo. Shell growth was found to be positively correlated with salinity and optimal at 18−24 at the end of the experiment, imposed by constraints in shell calcification under lower salinities. Mussel shell growth was not affected by H. elongata infection. While salinity had only a minor effect on tissue dry weight, infected mussels had a significantly lower tissue dry weight than uninfected mussels. Most interestingly, the combination of salinity and trematode infections negatively affected the mussels’ condition indices at lower salinity levels (6 and 9), suggesting that trematode infections are more detrimental to mussels when combined with freshening. A significant positive effect of salinity on mussel filtration was found, with an initial optimum at salinity 18 shifting to 18−24 by the end of the experiment. These findings indicate that salinity and parasite infections act as synergistic stressors for mussels, and enhance the understanding of potential future ecosystem shifts under climate change-induced freshening in coastal waters.
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: In the deep sea, benthic communities largely depend on organic material from the overlying water column for food. The remains of organisms on the seafloor (food falls) create areas of organic enrichment that attract scavengers. The scavenging rates and communities of food falls of medium-sized squid, fish and jellyfish (1-100 cm) are poorly known. To test our hypothesis that scavenging responses are specific for different food falls, we deployed camera landers baited with squid, jellyfish and fish for 9 to 25 h at 1360 to 1440 m in the southern Norwegian Sea. Image analysis of 8 deployments showed rapid food fall consumption (20.3 +/- 1.4 [SD] to 31.6 +/- 3.7 g h(-1)) by an amphipod-dominated scavenging community that was significantly different between the food fall types. Fish and squid carcasses were mostly attended by amphipods of the genus Eurythenes. Smaller unidentified amphipods dominated the jellyfish experiments together with brittle stars (cf. Ophiocten gracilis) and decapod shrimps (cf. Bythocaris spp.); the latter only occurred on jellyfish carcasses. The removal time for jellyfish (similar to 17 h) was almost twice as long as that for squid and fish (9-10 h). The maximum scavenger abundance was significantly higher on fish carcasses than on jellyfish and squid. The times at which abundances peaked were similar for jellyfish and fish (after 8-9 h) but significantly sooner for squid (3.00 +/- 0.35 h). Our results, although based on a small number of experiments, demonstrate differences in scavenging responses between food fall species, suggesting tight coupling between the diversity and ecology of benthic scavenging communities in the Norwegian Sea.
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: In this work, we focused on the functional characterization of unicellular eukaryotic assemblages that had previously been taxonomically characterized by 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in a eutrophic coastal site with marked plankton blooms. Biological traits of different functional groups were assigned to the retrieved operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The traits included size, trophic strategy, the presence of spines, mucilage production, colony formation, motility, spore formation, and potential harmfulness. Functional diversity indices were calculated and compared to analogous taxonomic diversity indices, indicating a strong positive coupling of richness and dominance and a negative coupling of evenness, even at a low taxonomic resolution (at the family/genus/species level). Biological trait trade-offs and co-occurrences of specific traits were evident during the succession of plankton blooms. The trophic strategy dominating in the assemblages frequently alternated between autotrophy, mixotrophy, and a few recorded cases of parasitism. Given that there was no indication of nutrient limitation, we suggest that biotic pressures force marine eukaryotes to exploit narrow niches by adopting specific strategies/traits that favour their survival. These traits act by increasing resource acquisition potential and via predator avoidance. This leads to a unique succession of blooms in the system, characterized by adaptations of the bloom taxa that are a direct response to the preceding assemblage.
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Recent advancements in telemetry have redefined our ability to quantify the fine-scale movements of aquatic animals and derive a mechanistic understanding of movement behaviours. The VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) is a fine-scale commercial positioning system used to generate highly accurate semi-continuous animal tracks. To date, VPS has been used to study 86 species, spanning 25 taxonomic orders. It has provided fine-scale movement data for critical life stages, from tracking day-old turtle hatchlings on their first foray into the sea to adult fish returning to natal rivers to spawn. These high-resolution tracking data have improved our understanding of the movements of species across environmental gradients within rivers, estuaries and oceans, including species of conservation concern and commercial value. Existing VPS applications range from quantifying spatio-temporal aspects of animal space use and key aspects of ecology, such as rate of movement and resource use, to higher-order processes such as interactions among individuals and species. Analytical approaches have seen a move towards techniques that incorporate error frameworks such as autocorrelated kernel density estimators for home range calculations. VPS technology has the potential to bridge gaps in our fundamental understanding of fine-scale ecological and physiological processes for single and multi-species studies under natural conditions. Through a systematic review of the VPS literature, we focus on 4 principle topics: the diversity of species studied, current ecological and ecophysiological applications and data analysis techniques, and we highlight future frontiers of exploration.
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Strong anisotropy of seismic velocity in the Earth’scrust poses serious challenges for seismic imaging. Where in situ seismic properties are not available the anisotropy can be determined from velocity analysis of surface and borehole seismic profiles. This is well established for dense, long-offset reflection seismic data. However, it is unknown how applicable this approach is for sparse seismic reflection data with low fold and short offsets in anisotropic metamorphic rocks. Here we show that anisotropy parameters can be determined from a sparse 3D data set at the COSC-1 borehole site in the Swedish Caledonides and that the results agree well with the seismic anisotropy parameters determined from seismic laboratory measurements on core samples. Applying these anisotropy parameters during 3D seismic imaging improves the seismic image of the high amplitude reflections especially in the vicinity of the lower part of the borehole. Strong reflections in the resulting seismic data show good correlation with the borehole-derived lithology. Our results aid the interpretation and extrapolation of the seismic stratigraphy of the Lower Seve Nappe in Jämtland and other parts in the Caledonides.
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Juvenile sea turtles can disperse thousands of kilometers from nesting beaches to oceanic development habitats, aided by ocean currents. In the North Atlantic, turtles dispersing from American beaches risk being advected out of warm nursery grounds in the North Atlantic Gyre into lethally cold Northern European waters (e.g. around the United Kingdom). We used an ocean model simulation to compare simulated numbers of turtles that were advected to cold waters around the UK with observed numbers of turtles reported in the same area over ~5 decades. Rates of virtual turtles predicted to encounter lethal temperatures (≤10 and 15°C, mean 19% ± 2.7) and reach the UK were consistently low (median 0.83%, lower quartile 0.67%, upper quartile 1.02%), whereas there was high inter-annual variability in the numbers of dead or critically ill turtles reported in the UK. Generalized additive models suggest inter-annual variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index to be a good indicator of annual numbers of turtle strandings reported in the UK. We demonstrate that NAO variability drives variability in the dispersion scenarios of juvenile turtles from key nesting regions into the North Atlantic. Coastal effects, such as the number of storms and mean sea surface temperatures in the UK were significant but weak predictors, with a weak effect on turtle strandings. Further understanding how changing environmental conditions such as NAO variability and storms affect the fate of juvenile turtles is vital for understanding the distribution and population dynamics of sea turtles.
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2022 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2021 (Lauvset et al., 2021). The major changes are as follows: data from 96 new cruises were added, data coverage was extended until 2021, and for the first time we performed secondary quality control on all sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) data. In addition, a number of changes were made to data included in GLODAPv2.2021. These changes affect specifically the SF6 data, which are now subjected to secondary quality control, and carbon data measured onboard the RV Knorr in the Indian Ocean in 1994–1995 which are now adjusted using CRM measurements made at the time. GLODAPv2.2022 includes measurements from almost 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1085 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 96 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 989 quality controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2021 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 μmol kg-1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 μmol kg-1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments.
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Mothers impact the survival and performance of their offspring through the resources they provision, and the degree of maternal investment in an individual offspring can be broadly estimated by egg size for organisms that lack parental care. Animals may also actively maintain symbiotic partnerships with microorganisms through the germ line, but whether microbes are a fundamental component of maternal provisioning is an untested hypothesis in evolutionary symbiosis. We present a preliminary test of this by comparing the egg-associated microbiota of ten sea urchin species with ecological factors known to influence egg size. We found that the microbiota associated with sea urchin eggs had a phylogenetic signal in both composition and richness, which varied between years but not between individuals or within a clutch. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between microbiome richness and taxonomic dominance, and that community diversity covaried with egg size and energetic content but not with pelagic larval duration or latitude. These data suggest that there are multiple parallels between the ecological factors that govern changes in egg size and microbiome composition and diversity, implying that microbial symbionts may be another constituent potentially provided by the mother.
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The southern boundary of the Cayman Trough in the Caribbean is marked by the Swan Islands transform fault (SITF), which also represents the ocean-continent transition of the Honduras continental margin. This is one of the few places globally where a transform continental margin is currently active. The CAYSEIS experiment acquired an ∼165-km-long seismic refraction and gravity profile (P01) running across this transform margin, and along the ridge-axis of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC) to the north. This profile reveals not only the crustal structure of an actively evolving transform continental margin, that juxtaposes Mesozoic-age continental crust to the south against zero-age ultraslow spread oceanic crust to the north, but also the nature of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the ridge-transform intersection (RTI). The traveltimes of arrivals recorded by ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) deployed along-profile have been inverse and forward modelled, in combination with gravity modelling, to reveal an ∼25-km-thick continental crust that has been continuously thinned over a distance of ∼65 km to ∼10 km adjacent to the SITF, where it is juxtaposed against ∼3-4-km-thick oceanic crust. This thinning is primarily accommodated within the lower crust. Since Moho reflections are only sparsely observed, and, even then, only by a few OBSs located on the continental margin, the 7.5 km s-1 velocity contour is used as a proxy to locate the crust-mantle boundary along-profile. Along the MCSC, the crust-mantle boundary appears to be a transition zone, at least at the seismic wavelengths used for CAYSEIS data acquisition. Although the traveltime inversion only directly constrains the upper crust at the SITF, gravity modelling suggests that it is underlain by a higher density (〉3000 kg m-3) region spanning the width (∼15 km) of its bathymetric expression, that may reflect a broad region of metasomatism, mantle hydration or melt-depleted lithospheric mantle. At the MCSC ridge-axis to the north, the oceanic crust appears to be forming in zones, where each zone is defined by the volume of its magma supply. The ridge tip adjacent to the SITF is currently in a magma rich phase of accretion. However, there is no evidence for melt leakage into the transform zone. The width and crustal structure of the SITF suggests its motion is currently predominantly orthogonal to spreading. Comparison to CAYSEIS Profile P04, located to the west and running across-margin and through 10 Ma MCSC oceanic crust, suggests that, at about this time, motion along the SITF had a left-lateral transtensional component, that accounts for its apparently broad seabed appearance westwards.
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  • 56
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Marine Ökosysteme wie Mangrovenwälder, Seegraswiesen, Salzwiesen und Makroalgen sowie marine Sedimente verfügen über die Eigenschaft, Kohlenstoff in ihrer Biomasse und Sedimenten zu speichern. Durch die Rehabilitation, Wiederherstellung und den Schutz dieser Ökosysteme kann somit das Potential des Ozeans zur Aufnahme von atmosphärischem CO2 erhöht werden. Dieses Potential wurde in Vorbereitung der 15. UN-Klimakonferenz in Kopenhagen 2009 unter dem Konzept „Blue Carbon" eingeführt und wird seitdem weiter erforscht und in politischen Prozessen weiterentwickelt. Die langfristige Sequestrierung von atmosphärischem CO2 durch Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme unterstützt Umsetzungsprozesse zur Erreichung der Ziele des Pariser Abkommens. Das über Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme sequestrierte CO2 zählt als Teil der globalen Kohlenstoffsenke als „negative Emissionen". So erreichte negative Emissionen sollten jedoch nicht zur Umgehung von ohnehin notwendigen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Schritten in Richtung einer CO2-neutralen Zukunft führen. Die Wiederherstellung und Rehabilitation von Blue-Carbon-Ökosystemen zur Erhöhung der natürlichen Kohlenstoffsenke des Planeten sollte zusätzlich zu einer signifikanten globalen Emissionsreduktion eingesetzt werden. Diese Studie erörtert die wissenschaftlichen, ökonomischen und politischen Fortschritte im Bereich Blue Carbon und stellt mögliche politische Handlungspfade vor, die das Potential von Blue-Carbon-Ökosystemen zum Klimaschutz in, durch und mit Deutschland stärken. Für die verschiedenen Blue-Carbon-Ökosysteme wird aufgezeigt, inwiefern die Ausweitung und der Schutz dieser Ökosystemen weitere Ziele der Klimaanpassung und der nachhaltigen Entwicklung unterstützen. Aufbauend auf einer Auswertung praktischer Umsetzungsbeispiele von Blue-Carbon-Projekten und möglicher Finanzierungsmechanismen wird nachfolgend ein politischer Handlungsleitpfaden für Deutschland in Bezug auf Blue Carbon entwickelt. Die politischen Handlungsempfehlungen wurden gemeinsam mit dem Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Nukleare Sicherheit entwickelt.
    Beschreibung: Marine ecosystems like mangroves forests, seagrass meadows, salt marshes and macroalgae can store carbon in their biomass and sediments. Rehabilitation, restoration and conservation of these ecosystems can increase the potential for atmospheric carbon uptake by the ocean. This concept was first introduced as ‘blue carbon’ during the preparation for the 15th UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in 2009 and since then it has seen continuous incorporation into politics and research. The long-term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 via blue carbon ecosystems supports the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement. The CO2 that is sequestered by blue carbon ecosystems is part of the global carbon sink and therefore it can be counted as ‘negative emissions’ in the global carbon stocktake. However, such negative emissions should not be implemented as a substitute for necessary political and economic measures towards a carbon neutral future. Rehabilitation and restoration of blue carbon ecosystems as a natural carbon sink is one of many measures but cannot replace the significant reduction of global emissions needed for the realisation of the global climate targets. This study discusses the scientific, economic and political realm of blue carbon. Furthermore, possible courses for political action “in”, “by”, and “through” Germany that could strengthen the potential of blue carbon ecosystems to sequester carbon are explored. The study investigates a variety of blue carbon ecosystems to determine to what extent the expansion and conservation of blue carbon ecosystems can support additional climate adaptation targets and Sustainable Development Goals. The evaluation of a multitude of implemented and ongoing blue carbon projects across the globe gives insight to best practices and possible financing mechanisms. A political guideline for Germany regarding blue carbon was developed together with the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 57
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Este documento sirve de pauta orientativa para quienes deseen colaborar con las Organizaciones Regionales de Ordenación Pesquera (OROP) y explica cómo lograr medidas de conservación en una OROP, mediante el establecimiento de decisiones jurídicamente vinculantes. Se trata de una destilación de experiencias personales que incluye éxitos, fracasos y reflexiones sobre algunos de los aspectos más arcanos o complejos de las OROP. El propósito de este documento es el imperativo del proyecto STRONG High Seas: explorar el fracturado régimen de gobernanza de los océanos y, más explícitamente, ofrecer orientación práctica para apoyar la implementación de la conservación espacial en alta mar. Por lo tanto, este trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la obtención de medidas de conservación espacial, usando ejemplos de otros esfuerzos de conservación de la biodiversidad a la vez que ofrece orientación para lograr medidas vinculantes para cualquier asunto, en cualquier OROP.
    Sprache: Spanisch
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  • 58
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The challenges facing European regions undergoing structural transformations as they transition towards sustainable development pathways have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Straddling the border between Germany and Poland, Lusatia is experiencing considerable transformation pressure. Various domestic and European funding programmes, for example under the umbrella of the European Green Deal, are intended to cushion the impacts of the phase-out or reduction of coal-fired power generation. The recently adopted EU Just Transition Mechanism aims to support sustainable structural transformations and the broader goal of achieving climate neutrality by mitigating impacts on the workforce and contributing to the diversification of economies in the most affected areas. Funds made available through this mechanism should be deployed in consultation with regional stakeholders in Lusatia to complement national support measures. Further funding programmes are available targeting various policy areas and could be harnessed to strengthen integration throughout the region. Funding programmes that are centrally managed by the European Commission (i.e. not under shared management with national governments) are of particular interest in this context. Closer political and economic cooperation, coupled with a deeper exchange of experience, can accelerate regional integration and guide processes of structural transformation towards sustainable outcomes. However, there are some practical hurdles to overcome in border regions. The primary objectives in using available EU funding are to mitigate the social impacts of processes of structural transformation and to deliver a just transition at all levels. Measures funded through these programmes should be aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and contribute to the goal of achieving climate neutrality.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Ce rapport a été préparé dans le cadre du projet STRONG High Seas, à partir d’une série d’enquêtes menées auprès des parties prenantes et de l’expérience tirée de divers ateliers organisés dans la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est, ainsi que d’études documentaires et d’avis d’experts. Le rapport a été revu par plusieurs experts dans le but de valider les résultats et de garantir la rigueur du contenu. Ce document s’inscrit dans une série de rapports couvrant les questions de gouvernance des océans en mettant l’accent sur les ZAJN du Pacifique du Sud-Est et de l’Atlantique du SudEst et s’appuie sur les rapports précédents publiés par le projet STRONG High Seas. Les autres rapports du projet portent sur le cadre juridique et institutionnel applicable aux ZAJN, l’état écologique et l’importance socio-économique des ZAJN dans les régions du projet, les options de gestion et les mesures de conservation de la biodiversité marine dans les ZAJN, et les considérations relatives à la gestion intégrée des océans. Ces rapports sont disponibles sur le site web du projet STRONG High Seas.
    Sprache: Französisch
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  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Este informe se ha elaborado en el marco del proyecto STRONG High Seas, basándose en una serie de encuestas a las partes interesadas, en la opinión de expertos y estudios bibliográficos, así como en la experiencia adquirida en varios talleres celebrados en la región del Pacífico Sudeste. El informe fue revisado por expertos para validar las conclusiones y garantizar un contenido sólido. Este informe forma parte de una serie de trabajos que abarcan cuestiones de gobernanza de los océanos, centrándose en las ABNJ de las regiones del Pacífico Sudeste y del Atlántico Sudeste, y se basa en informes anteriores publicados por el proyecto STRONG High Seas. Otros informes del proyecto abarcan el marco jurídico e institucional aplicable a las ABNJ, el estado ecológico y la importancia socioeconómica de las ABNJ en las regiones de interés, las distintas opciones en cuanto a medidas de gestión y conservación para la conservación de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ y las consideraciones para la gestión integrada de los océanos. Estos informes están disponibles en el sitio web del proyecto STRONG High Seas. Tras este capítulo introductorio, el capítulo 2 ofrece el contexto pertinente en relación con la gobernanza de los océanos en las zonas que se encuentran fuera de la jurisdicción nacional, las negociaciones en curso para alcanzar un nuevo acuerdo en el marco de la CONVEMAR y las necesidades y enfoques de desarrollo de capacidades relacionados. El capítulo 3 presenta un breve resumen de las encuestas realizadas por el proyecto STRONG High Seas en relación con las necesidades de capacidad en la región del Pacífico Sudeste y el capítulo 4 es un resumen de los correspondientes esfuerzos de desarrollo de capacidad llevados a cabo por parte del proyecto STRONG High Seas. El capítulo 5 ofrece reflexiones y recomendaciones para futuras actividades de desarrollo de capacidades más allá del ámbito del proyecto y destaca las lecciones aprendidas a lo largo de los cinco años de este proyecto. En los Anexos se ofrece información adicional sobre los antecedentes.
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This report was prepared as part of the STRONG High Seas project, based on a series of stakeholder surveys and experience gathered through various workshops held in the Southeast Pacific region, as well as on literature surveys and expert opinion. The report was reviewed by experts to validate findings and ensure robust content. This report is part of a series of reports covering issues of ocean governance with a focus on the ABNJ of the Southeast Pacific and the Southeast Atlantic regions and builds on previous reports published by the STRONG High Seas project. Further project reports cover the legal and institutional framework applicable to ABNJ, the ecological state and the socioeconomic importance of ABNJ in the project regions, options for management and conservation measures for conservation of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, and considerations for integrated ocean management. These reports are available through the STRONG High Seas project website. Following this introductory chapter, Chapter 2 provides relevant context with regards to ocean governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the ongoing negotiations towards a new agreement under UNCLOS and related capacity development needs and approaches. Chapter 3 presents a short summary of the surveys undertaken by the STRONG High Seas project with regards to capacity needs in the Southeast Pacific region and Chapter 4 is a summary of the corresponding capacity development efforts undertaken as part of the STRONG High Seas project. Chapter 5 provides reflections and recommendations for future capacity development activities beyond the scope of the project and highlights lessons learned through the five years of this project. Additional background information is provided in the Annexes.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 62
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Local cooperation between civil society and the public sector is becoming increasingly important – in local transformation projects, in science, and occasionally in politics and administration. Commons-Public Partnerships (CPPs) provide a way to frame, promote and extend this collaboration. In civil society, CPPs are typically defined by the practice of commoning, where local communities exercise self-regulation based on the principles of community welfare and the common good. This discussion paper examines the theory and practice of commoning and other forms of cooperation. While focusing on the challenges of social-ecological transformation, the paper also identifies areas where CPPs can be implemented and highlights fields of tension exposed by the concept.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Measures to support conservation efforts must put the protection of biodiversity and/or ecological integrity as the primary objective and consider cumulative pressures on the marine environment. This also means including ecological connectivity (e.g., migratory routes of marine species, transboundary impacts of human activities), and climate change impacts in their design and implementation. Moreover, the complexity and dynamic nature of the ocean, including in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), requires that conservation efforts acknowledge uncertainty, include options to address it or adapt swiftly to new scientific information, and consider the three-dimensional space of the ocean. This also requires that the best available interdisciplinary scientific and indigenous knowledge provide the basis for the design and implementation of such measures. It will be essential that measures to support conservation efforts apply mechanisms for cross-sectoral consultation, cooperation, and collaboration, as well as consider appropriate spatial and temporal scales for implementation. They must reflect broad societal goals and consider uneven distribution of socio-economic outcomes resulting from exploitative activities in ABNJ. Governance and management actions must recognise coupled and diverse social-ecological systems, and the interconnection between ocean health and human wellbeing, including diverse stakeholder considerations in the design and implementation of the measure or approach. It is essential that the design and implementation of measures to support conservation efforts include appropriate means to ensure the regular monitoring, control, and surveillance of human activities as well as the compliance and enforcement of the laws and regulations in place. States are familiar with legal instruments, such as those under the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), International Maritime Organisation (IMO) conventions, International Seabed Authority (ISA), and management measures adopted by the Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs). They have developed governance structures and capacity to support their implementation. The recommendation in this context would be for States to support the consolidation and further development of measures to support conservation efforts with the aim to ensure that they integrate their approach with considerations for ecological connectivity, biodiversity protection, ecosystem-based integrated ocean management and climate change implications for the conservation and management of biodiversity in ABNJ. To be effective, any measures to support conservation efforts proposed for ABNJ in the Southeast Atlantic region must consider the socio-economic and political realities of the countries whose Exclusive Economic Zones border these areas. In this sense, it is important to note the important role that the fishing sector has historically played and continues to play for most economies of this region. The proposed Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Instrument in negotiation at the United Nations, will be fundamental for establishing the legal basis for developing and implementing cross-sectoral measures to support conservation efforts in ABNJ. The way in which the proposed BBNJ Instrument is integrated and how the link to existing conservation and sustainable use measures established under existing management organisations is made will determine the effectiveness of the possible measures to support current and future conservation efforts. In this regard, it is particularly important for the Southeast Atlantic region how existing RFMOs will be able to interact with the proposed BBNJ Instrument. Considering the capacity (technological, experience, financial, logistical) challenges of many of the countries in the Southeast Atlantic, it is important that measures to support conservation efforts under existing international treaties or legal mechanisms be integrated, practical, and cost-effective. The different legal status of the water column and the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction and the different legal provisions in place represent a challenge for the development of a coherent, comprehensive, and integrated approach to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in ABNJ. Lack of uniformity in compliance among flag States and the lack of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms in ABNJ jeopardise the achievement of an integrated approach for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in these vast areas of ocean. The wide array of existing instruments can be used to improve conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ through improved monitoring and enforced compliance. This remains the responsibility of individual flag States, but at present there is limited reporting of vessels and minimum follow up action by flag or port States.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 64
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In April 2021, under the “IMPACT R” project, IASS Potsdam and HEDERA Sustainable Solutions GmbH in Berlin, together with University of Rwanda and Sustainable Villages Foundation (SVF), conducted a household survey in two villages in Rwanda. SVF has started an integrated village development pilot project in those two villages and wanted to better understand the local populations’ needs and establish a baseline for impact measurement, in order to track the project’s progress over time. In parallel, focus group discussions and key stakeholder interviews were carried out. The main results are as follows: Over 80 % of households get their main income from agriculture, largely on small plots. Two-thirds of the households have USD 45 or less to spend on a 5-person family, on average. There is no public electricity grid. Half of the households have access to very basic electricity through solar systems; the other half has none at all. Over 90 % of households use wood and open fire pits or handmade clay stoves for cooking, mostly indoors, causing deforestation and health problems because of the smoke. There is no public or private drinking water supply. Villagers collect rainwater and/or surface water, which has to be carried over several kilometers by adults and children. The water is dirty and not treated before drinking in one-third of households, which triggers diseases. Only 26 % of households are classified as food-secure, whereas 15.5 % are above the severe food insecurity threshold. A significant percentage of the inhabitants does not eat a balanced diet due to lack of resources. The local community especially emphasized the need for: Priority 1: Safe drinking water Priority 2: Electricity Priority 3: Clean cooking devices Another severe challenge is poverty in general. There is a shortage of food in terms of quantity and quality for a significant portion of the population. This is caused by households’ limited financial capacity and insufficient agricultural yield due to the absence of water for irrigation and inefficient agricultural techniques. Furthermore, teacher qualification in English and information technology (IT) is not satisfactory, and the primary school has no electricity in most of the classrooms and no computers. Professional training options are only offered far away from the villages and are very costly. New business development is hindered by the lack of electricity. The target communities seek for support to address all the above challenges and are willing to contribute their part.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 65
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This report presents a framework for the systematic monitoring of the global hydrogen economy. It suggests data sources and indicators to systematically survey the most important trends and developments of a future global hydrogen economy. Monitoring based on this framework could provide an important knowledge base for the continuous review of policy measures related to the German and European hydrogen policy.
    Beschreibung: Im folgenden Bericht wird ein Konzept für ein systematisches Monitoring der globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft vorgestellt. Der Bericht stellt Datenquellen und Indikatoren zur systematischen Erfassung der wichtigsten Trends und Entwicklungen im Rahmen einer globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft vor. Ein entsprechendes Monitoring könnte einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kontinuierlichen Überprüfung von Politikmaßnahmen im Rahmen der deutschen und europäischen Wasserstoffpolitik leisten.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 66
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Deep-seabed mining in the Area is regulated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA) which is mandated to act on behalf of humankind as a whole. Consistent with international environmental law and human rights norms, in its decision making the ISA is expected to engage with its broad constituency. Using ten assessment criteria, this paper analyses the extent to which the ISA has facilitated public participation to date. This paper finds that, while the ISA has increased outreach activities, significant scope for improvement remains. Several ways to improve public participation at the ISA are identified, including (1) proactive consultation with a wider reach, including stakeholders that are hitherto not engaged; (2) mechanisms to ensure stakeholder consultations and submissions are given due consideration, and that the rationale for decisions are publicly communicated; and (3) enhanced public engagement in the implementation of decisions.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: La gestión integrada de los océanos (GIO) es un enfoque adaptativo de la gestión de las actividades humanas en el océano, que tiene sus raíces en el enfoque ecosistémico. Requiere la consideración de todas las dimensiones del espacio oceánico – esferas física, oceanográfica, climática, biológica, social y económica – e incluye la dinámica espacial y temporal del sistema. Su objetivo es crear un marco para una economía oceánica sostenible. Para lograr este ambicioso objetivo, los procesos de gestión deben integrarse entre la gobernanza, las partes interesadas, los conocimientos, la dinámica del sistema y ser transfronterizos, lo que constituirá los "pilares" para una integración eficaz. Las características clave del enfoque integrado propuesto para la gestión de los océanos exigen una mayor colaboración, intercambio de conocimientos, transparencia, coordinación y comunicación. Los puntos de vista y valores de la comunidad, así como los conocimientos científicos, tradicionales y locales, desempeñan un papel fundamental en la definición y puesta en marcha de los pilares mencionados. El enfoque de la GIO aún no se ha aplicado a las ABNJ, pero sí a las aguas costeras. La GIO será cada vez más importante en las ABNJ para hacer frente a los crecientes desafíos de lograr la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina. Por ello, este informe pretende ofrecer una visión general de la aplicación de la GIO en el contexto de la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ, especialmente en las regiones del Atlántico Sudeste y del Pacífico Sudeste. En particular, pretende promover la GIO para las ABNJ en todos los sectores y dimensiones ecológicas, considerando la aplicación de condiciones propicias para lograr la cooperación y la colaboración entre los diversos actores que trabajan en las ABNJ o que las afectan. Este informe resume Resumen ejecutivo los retos actuales a los que se enfrenta la gestión de las ABNJ, identifica las oportunidades para aplicar la GIO a través de las fronteras y ofrece recomendaciones para avanzar en esta prioridad urgente, guiada por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Abordar la GIO en las ABNJ es especialmente pertinente en este momento, ya que los Estados están negociando un nuevo instrumento jurídicamente vinculante para la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ (denominado en este informe Acuerdo BBNJ). Por lo tanto, existe la oportunidad de que los Estados incorporen disposiciones que permitan que el mecanismo sea plenamente operativo en el marco del Acuerdo BBNJ una vez que éste sea adoptado y ratificado. Este informe abarca los conceptos de la GIO, sus pilares, la importancia de la GIO para la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en las ABNJ y las oportunidades de reforzar la GIO para la conservación de la BBNJ en las dos regiones focales del proyecto STRONG High Seas: el Atlántico Sudeste y el Pacífico Sudeste. Tras analizar las oportunidades en estas dos regiones, este informe destaca algunas vías claras por las que este enfoque integrado puede apoyar significativamente la conservación de la biodiversidad en ABNJ. A continuación, se incluyen algunas recomendaciones de este informe. Para un conjunto más completo de posibles acciones y decisiones que podrían adoptar una serie de actores para mejorar la GIO, véase Table 2 en el capítulo 3.
    Sprache: Spanisch
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The high volume of plastic packaging currently consumed in Germany poses a complex socio-ecological risk. As part of the BMBF-funded ENSURE research consortium, environmental psychologists at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam have studied various policy options to promote a reduction in individual consumption of plastic food packaging. A representative nationwide survey of 1,200 persons conducted by the researchers shows that 92 per cent of the interviewed consumers consider plastic waste in the environment a threat to the preservation of our natural resources and the foundations of life. Despite this widespread awareness, the consumption of plastic packaging continues to grow: In 2018, Germany generated over three million tonnes of plastic packaging waste; more than double the amount produced in 1997. The findings of the ENSURE project indicate that consumers are willing and indeed wish to reduce their consumption of plastic packaging; however, they are hindered by personal and structural barriers. Political action is needed to break down these barriers to change and support consumers in their efforts. This IASS Policy Brief presents three strategic policy recommendations that could help reduce the consumption of packaging in daily life. Following an outline of the broader context and key issues, these three recommendations are explained in detail. In conclusion, we highlight the need for a systemic approach to the reduction of plastic packaging.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 69
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This report aims to showcase and assess the participative multi-stakeholder approach used in the STRONG High Seas project to co-develop and co-design activities and outputs such as scientific assessments and capacity development programs. In particular, the report provides reflections from the project team on the numerous lessons learned during the project duration on participative multi-stakeholder approaches in transdisciplinary ocean governance research, such as designing and implementing effective engagement strategies, designing targeted capacity development programmes, and fostering co-creative research processes for supporting decision-making and achieving policy impact. The reflections on and recommendations for participative multi-stakeholder approaches within transdisciplinary ocean governance research gained through the course of the STRONG High Seas project can be found in Chapter 3.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 70
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Report | COBENEFITS Policy Report
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This COBENEFITS report gives an overview of enabling policies that have high potential to make fair use of the maximum potential of co-benefit opportunities that can be unlocked by following the pathway of a high share of renewable energies in the power sector. They are presented according to the different COBENEFITS categories. Enabling policies for renewable energy (RE) cobenefits and their specification and implementation are highly context-specific. They need to take into account the context of the country or region they are planned for, and need to be tailored to remove specific barriers preventing communities from unlocking them. Therefore, each enabling policy option presented in this report is accompanied by a short summary of an initial situation that they might solve or improve.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 71
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-13
    Beschreibung: In the last years, the concept of tipping points received increasing recognition in social science and rose on the political agenda. Identifying tipping points would allow researchers to identify the point in time in which a transition happens, and to understand the processes of overcoming lock-in mechanisms and trigger deliberate tipping an existing system into a qualitatively new state. Because tipping points bring about rapid systemic change, it is desirable to further understand how tipping points may be triggered to accelerate the transformation of social and economic systems. There is little doubt that tipping points exist in both social and socio-technical systems because we can observe that systems and societies are fundamentally different today than they were in the past. However, despite a growing body of literature, there remain many open questions how to conceptualise and ultimately operationalize social tipping points. This also stems from a lack of empirical studies and insights observing tipping points in social contexts. In the Tipping.Plus project we addressed this gap with a literature review and empirical case studies investigating tipping dynamics from a public policy and governance perspective. In the literature review we explored definitions, characteristics, and the application of the concept and notion of tipping points in political and governance theories and contexts. In the second step, we conducted an empirical study investigating the socio-economic transition processes of the two German neigbouring cities Essen and Duisburg, which have both phased out their coal industries, as part of the wider structural change in the Ruhr Region. We focused on (political) interventions and their effects on the cities’ development trajectories in the last 30+ years to identify differences in outcome as a function of policy interventions and/or contextual differences. Apart from identifying the key development drivers, we investigate whether either city crossed a tipping point in their transition process (yet), away from coal towards a low carbon but still prosperous future (Mey and Lilliestam 2022). In the following we synthesise the findings of this work and our observations and experiences in order to contribute to the overall Tipping.Plus Integration Framework and Social Theory on social tipping points in energy transitions.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 72
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-26
    Beschreibung: Research undertaken in Task 2.2 identified a range of governance challenges to ocean-based NETs related to the global ocean governance framework, e.g., linked to the transboundary nature of the ocean, potential effects of ocean-based NETs on the ocean’s condition and marine ecosystem services, as well as the many unknowns and uncertainties linked to NET-deployment. The fragmented approaches and frameworks in place to govern the global ocean further complicate comprehensive governance of these emerging technologies. This deliverable presents results from a workshop that explored how ocean-based NETs should be governed to best confront these challenges and integrate international climate targets as well as global goals for ocean and biodiversity conservation, in addition to global ambitions towards sustainable development. The workshop is part of research undertaken by Task 2.2 to assess how ocean-based NETs are addressed by the current global ocean governance framework and develop governance scenarios and recommendations to policy makers for a “good governance” of NETs in the ocean.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 73
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperatur-anstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussen-den Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. DasEcologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevantenInformationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Ka-nada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten.Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht behandelt die für den Meeresschutz in der russischen Arktis relevanten Informationen. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigstenMerkmale der Meeresumwelt der russischen Arktis. Anschließend werden wesentlichen Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der russischen Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten nationalen Institutionen sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der russischen arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Beschreibung: Global interest and activity in the Arctic have increased greatly in recent decades. The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing – and will continue to change – the Arctic, with yet unknown consequences for the people, environment, and economy in the region as well as worldwide (SDWG, 2021). The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic (Raspotnik et al., 2021). The challenge now is to identify development pathways that can ensure the sustainable use and conservation of the Arctic marine environment (SDWG, 2021). In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. The reports were published in 2022 and are available for download on the websites of the Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in the Russian Arctic. The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Russian Arctic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in the Russian Arctic. The last part of the report describes the Russian ocean governance system and provides an overview of relevant national institutions as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect marine biodiversity in this region and ensure its sustainable use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts of these events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Este informe – Estudio sobre medidas para apoyar esfuerzos de conservación en áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional en la región del Pacífico Sudeste – pretende proporcionar recomendaciones para la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina en áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (ABNJ, por sus siglas en inglés) en la región del Pacífico Sudeste. Estas recomendaciones incluyen consideraciones para establecer nuevas medidas de conservación y manejo y expandir o mejorar en la región otras medidas existentes; así como el uso de herramientas que apoyan el desarrollo de medidas de conservación. Este informe ha sido elaborado por investigadores del proyecto STRONG High Seas a partir de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos académicos, análisis de datos, conocimientos de las partes interesadas y experiencias recogidas en talleres de expertos celebrados en la región de interés del proyecto en 2021. La información presentada aquí pretende apoyar a tomadores de decisiones, incluyendo funcionarios de los gobiernos, el sector privado y otras partes interesadas que trabajen en el tema de la gobernanza oceánica en ABNJ y que participen o tengan interés en el actual desarrollo de la Conferencia Intergubernamental sobre un instrumento internacional jurídicamente vinculante en el marco de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR) relativo a la conservación y el uso sostenible de la diversidad biológica marina de las áreas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (BBNJ, por sus siglas en inglés). Este informe hace parte de una serie de informes publicados por el proyecto STRONG High Seas [Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas (June 2017 – May 2022)], que cubren aspectos de la gobernanza de los océanos con un foco geográfico en la región del Pacífico Sudeste (y el Atlántico Sudeste).
    Sprache: Spanisch
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  • 75
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: In diesem Beitrag wird das aktuelle Interesse der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungsträger in den öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten des Golf-Kooperationsrates (GCC) an der Wasserstoffenergie untersucht. Obwohl die Hauptakteure die fossilen Energieträger, die die politische Ökonomie der Region seit Jahrzehnten bestimmen, weiterhin stärken, erkennen sie zunehmend, dass sich das Zeitalter der Kohlenwasserstoffe dem Ende zuneigt. Dies hat zu einer Zunahme verschiedener "Post-Öl"-Energieinvestitionen geführt, zu denen in letzter Zeit auch Wasserstoff gehört. In diesem Diskussionspapier wird untersucht, warum dies der Fall ist, d. h. warum die politischen und unternehmerischen Spitzen des Golf-Kooperationsrates (GCC) an der Förderung von Wasserstoffenergiesystemen in der Region interessiert sind. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Bestrebungen zur Herstellung von "grünem" Wasserstoff - die ihren Ursprung in Europa und insbesondere in Deutschland haben - zunehmend als eine Möglichkeit gesehen werden, den grünen Ruf der Region zu verbreiten und gleichzeitig Investitionen in "blauen" Wasserstoff zu unterstützen, die von den staatlichen Öl- und Gasriesen in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten (VAE) und Saudi-Arabien gefördert werden.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 76
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Dieses Paper behandelt Barrieren und positive Einflussfaktoren auf persönliches und öffentliches Engagement für Klimaschutz. Der Erfolg von ambitionierter Klimaschutzpolitik hängt in Demokratien von gesellschaftlicher Zustimmung und Ownership für die unternommenen Maßnahmen ab. AktivistInnen und EntscheidungsträgerInnen müssen ihre Ideen auf eine Weise kommunizieren, die die Menschen anspricht und sie aufrüttelt. Um dabei Erfolg zu haben, muss zunächst verstanden werden, was Menschen zum Handeln motiviert und was sie daran hindert. Dieses Paper trägt zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen bei, indem es einen Überblick über Theorien der Psychologie und der Kommunikationswissenschaft über die kognitiven Tendenzen gibt, die eine logische Entscheidungsfindung behindern. Anschließend wird eine Alternative zum weitverbreiteten „Angstaufruf“ in der Klimawandelkommunikation vorgeschlagen: ein positives, chancenorientiertes Framing, das mit den Werten der Menschen im Einklang steht und das Potenzial hat, langfristiges Engagement für nachhaltige Maßnahmen anzuregen. Schließlich wird aufgezeigt, wie das sogenannte Co-benefits Framing in der Politik genutzt werden kann.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 77
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Jordan’s energy transition has been rapid and ambitious: in 2021 renewables accounted for 26 % of electricity production in Jordan, up from less than 1 % in 2014. This massive leap forward was prompted by energy security concerns in the wake of the Arab Spring that forced the government to scramble for alternatives to Egyptian gas. Today, Jordan is a regional clean energy industry frontrunner, with over 300 PV companies and around 13 000 employees in the sector. However, recent policy decisions have stalled further progress. Auctions for new projects have been scaled back or postponed, and new ventures in excess of 1 MW were indefinitely suspended in January 2019. At the same time, changes to electricity tariff structures have dampened demand for residential PV. This loss of momentum is largely due to financial constraints on Jordan’s state-owned National Electric Power Company (NEPCO), which is caught in long-term purchasing agreements for fossil fuels that conflict with the goal of growing Jordan’s renewable energy sector and are exacerbating NEPCO’s already significant debt burden. With 20 % of public debt linked to the electricity sector, this also has ripple effects for the rest of the Jordanian economy. Increased regional cooperation will be needed to re-negotiate Jordan’s commitments to purchase fossil fuels and to expand the regional market for renewable energy, allowing Jordan to export surplus electricity and establish itself as a clean energy hub while at the same time giving neighbours the chance to sell energy elsewhere and increasing regional stability. And while Jordan’s top-down approach to energy policy was crucial to driving the rapid growth of renewables, the current risk of stalling progress makes it clear that stakeholders from different ministries as well as industry and civil society must be involved in future policy development processes to accelerate Jordan’s energy transition and shift the country from the current single-buyer model towards a more competitive market for electricity.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Die lokale Zusammenarbeit von organisierter Zivilgesellschaft und öffentlicher Hand gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung: in lokalen Transformationsprojekten, in der Wissenschaft und vereinzelt auch in Politik und Verwaltung. Commons-Public Partnerships (CPPs) bieten eine Möglichkeit, diese Zusammenarbeit zu rahmen, zu fördern und auszuweiten. Auf Seite der Zivilgesellschaft zeichnen sich CCPs durch die Praxis des Commoning aus, also gemeinschafts- wie gemeinwohlorientierte Praktiken der lokalen Selbstorganisation. Im vorliegenden Diskussionspapier wird sowohl das Commoning als auch die Form der Kooperation konzeptuell und in der Praxis verortet. Mit einem Fokus auf die Herausforderungen der sozialökologischen Transformation werden Potenzialfelder für den Einsatz von CPPs identifiziert. Darüber hinaus werden konzeptuelle Spannungsfelder beleuchtet.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) or CO2 utilization technologies attract researchers, policy makers, and industry actors in search of sustainable solutions for industrial processes. This increasing interest can be explained by the fact that these processes comprise the capturing of CO2 – the most relevant greenhouse gas (GHG) – from the air or industrial point sources, and promote its use as a feedstock for the production of goods. CCU processes are expected to contribute to the greenhouse gas neutrality targets of several industrial sectors and the development of a circular economy. Therefore, understanding the environmental impacts and economics of CO2 utilization routes is essential for decision makers from relevant fields, such as technology developers, entrepreneurs, funding agencies, policy makers, administrators and more. A deep understanding of the specific implications of CO2 utilization technologies is needed to make decisions in line with sustainability strategies, and to discard inappropriate solutions. The ‘Techno-Economic Assessment & Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines for CO2 Utilization’1 (henceforth TEA and LCA Guidelines) published by the Global CO2 Initiative (GCI) in October 2018, represent a milestone in the harmonization of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) for evaluating CCU technologies. Henceforth, we refer to this document as TEA and LCA Guidelines. The TEA and LCA Guidelines provide a guide to overcoming methodological discrepancies that lead to confusion among practitioners, concerning how to conduct assessments, and which often lead to contradictory results.2 3 Documents with a similar focus have also been published by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL).4 The success of the GCI publication and the demand for such guidelines is evidenced by the strong response that the authors registered in the months following its publication: more than 2,000 copies of the TEA and LCA Guidelines have been distributed in digital form or hard copy, and a growing community of practitioners, and decision makers from science, industry, and public administration are learning how to generate robust and comparable assessments when evaluating CCU technologies. In addition to the guidelines and the present report, the same research group has recently released five illustrative worked examples5 to support the application of the TEA and LCA Guidelines, and three accompanying peer-reviewed articles.6 At the same time, policy officers at national and international levels have frequently signaled the urgency of further developing these tools, to enable evaluation of innovative technologies as a basis for decision making in funding and policy design (e.g., the EU Innovation Fund). Despite the urgent need to address planetary climate change, the development and diffusion of new technologies often takes considerable time. Consequently, leveraging the current momentum amongst all involved actors that CCU has achieved to date is paramount and is an opportunity that must not be missed. Despite demands for aligned assessment methods from the industrial and policy spheres,7 there are evident challenges in dealing with the practical application of such methods in commissioning, reading, and interpreting LCA and TEA studies. There is also a risk of insufficient transfer into policy or other decision-making processes, in cases where the involved actors do not possess disciplinary expertise in the relevant methodology.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 80
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This study is part of my research project on "Subnational Climate Governance Policies in the Brazilian Amazon – challenges and opportunities of cross border transformative co-creation", carried out at the IASS Potsdam. To acess my article, access https://www.iass-potsdam.de/en/output/publications/2021/subnational-climate-policiesbrazils- legal-amazon-glance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-13
    Beschreibung: In this paper, we investigate the socio-economic transition processes of Essen and Duisburg as part of the wider structural change in the Ruhr Region. In the two case studies, we explore causes and effects of the cities’ development trajectories in the last 30+ years, seeking to identify differences in outcome as a function of the interventions and/or contextual differences. We analyse events, interventions and their impacts on the social and economic systems of the two cities across time. Apart from identifying the key development drivers, we investigate whether either city crossed a tipping point in their transition process (yet), away from coal towards a low-carbon but still prosperous future. Therefore, we specifically evaluate the cities’ development trajectories by seeking evidence for “no”, “incremental” or “radical” changes in a set of indicators. Here, we have taken a long temporal perspective, because trajectories of and trajectory changes in social systems are specifically visible in demographic dynamics, economic structures and political arrangements across time.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 82
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Report
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Die diesen Handlungsempfehlungen zu Grunde liegende Studie „Mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Quartier erzielen – Erfolgsfaktoren aus drei kommunalen Planungsprozessen“ (DOI: 10.48481/iass.2022.032) des Instituts für transformative Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (IASS) ging der folgenden Frage nach: Wie gelingt es Kommunen, Quartiere mit einem hohem Nachhaltigkeitsanspruch zu planen, ohne die Qualitäten im Prozess zu verlieren?
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperatur-anstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussenden Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. DasEcologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevantenInformationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Kanada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten.Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über Informationen, die für den Meeresschutz in der Arktis relevant sind. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale der arktischen Meeresumwelt. Anschließend werden wesentliche Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten internationalen und regionalen Vereinbarungen und Rahmenwerke sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Beschreibung: The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing the Arctic – and will continue to do so – with yet unknown consequences for the region as well as worldwide. The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic. In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Green-land), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in the Arctic.The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Arctic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in the Arctic. The last part of the report provides an overview of relevant international and regional agreements and frameworks as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect the Arctic marine biodiversity and ensure its sustain-able use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts oft hese events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: Die Arktis erwärmt sich substanziell schneller als der globale Durchschnitt. Der rasche Temperaturanstieg verändert die Arktis bereits tiefgreifend - und wird dies auch weiterhin tun - mit noch unbekannten Folgen für die Region und die ganze Welt. Gleichzeitig mit dem Rückgang des Meereises und der sich verändernden Verteilung der lebenden Meeresressourcen hat eine Zunahme des wirtschaftlichen Interesses an der Region zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis geführt. Um Wege zu finden, wie der Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der arktischen Meeresumwelt gewährleistet werden können, ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der Meeresumwelt, der sie beeinflussenden Belastungen und der relevanten Regulierungen und Managementmaßnahmen erforderlich. Das Ecologic Institut und das Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch eine Reihe von Berichten zum Meeresschutz in der Arktis einen Überblick über die relevanten Informationen zu geben. Die Berichte konzentrieren sich auf die fünf arktischen Anrainerstaaten: Kanada, Dänemark (durch Grönland), Norwegen, die Russische Föderation und die Vereinigten Staaten. Darüber hinaus gibt ein regionaler Bericht einen umfassenden Überblick und fasst die einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Vorschriften zusammen. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen Überblick über Informationen, die für den Meeresschutz in der Arktis relevant sind. Der Bericht deckt vier Hauptthemen ab: Er beginnt mit der Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale der arktischen Meeresumwelt. Anschließend werden wesentliche Belastungen untersucht, die sich auf die marine Biodiversität in der Region auswirken, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Rolle sowie der Umweltauswirkungen der wichtigsten meeresbezogenen menschlichen Aktivitäten in der Arktis. Der letzte Teil des Berichts gibt einen Überblick über die relevanten internationalen und regionalen Vereinbarungen und Rahmenwerke sowie über Regulierungen, Vorschriften und Instrumente, die zum Schutz der arktischen Meeresbiodiversität und zur Gewährleistung ihrer nachhaltigen Nutzung eingesetzt werden oder eingesetzt werden könnten. Hinweis: Die in diesem Bericht präsentierten Informationen wurden hauptsächlich während der weltweiten Covid-19-Pandemie und vor dem russischen Einmarsch in die Ukraine im Jahr 2022 zusammengetragen. Die (weiteren) politischen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen dieser Ereignisse und dies ich daraus ergebenden Veränderungen in der Arktis-Governance sind zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nichtabsehbar, und es ist zu erwarten, dass sich einige der in diesem Bericht dargestellten Entwicklungen und Trends erheblich ändern werden. Die Kernbotschaften des Berichts finden sich unter der folgenden englischen Zusammenfassung.
    Beschreibung: The Arctic is warming three times faster than the global average. These rapidly increasing temperatures are already profoundly changing the Arctic – and will continue to do so – with yet unknown consequences for the region as well as worldwide. The diminishing sea ice extent and the changing distribution of marine living resources have led to an increase in economic interest in the region as well as concerns about the sustainability of economic activities in the Arctic. In order to identify ways in which conservation and sustainable use of the Arctic marine environment can be ensured, a broad understanding of the marine environment, the pressures affecting it, and the relevant regulations is needed. Ecologic Institute and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies aim to provide an overview of relevant information through a series of reports on marine conservation in the Arctic. The reports focus on the five Arctic coastal states: Canada, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), Norway, the Russian Federation, and the United States. In addition, a regional report is providing a broader overview and summarises relevant international and regional regulations. This current report presents an overview of information relevant to marine conservation in Greenland.The report covers four main issues: it starts with the description of the key characteristics of the Greenlandic marine environment. Then it examines significant pressures impacting marine biodiversity in the region, followed by exploring the socio-cultural and economic role as well as the environmental impact of the main sea-based human activities in Greenland. The last part of the report describes the Greenlandic ocean governance system and provides an overview of relevant national institutions as well as rules, regulations and tools which are, or could be, employed to protect the Greenlandic marine biodiversity and ensure its sustainable use. NB: The information presented in this report was mainly collated during the global Covid-19 pandemic and prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The (further) political and economic impacts oft hese events and resulting changes in Arctic governance cannot be foreseen at this point in time and it can be expected that some of the developments and trends presented in this report may change substantially.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 85
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Portugiesisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Ernährung ist zentral für die sozial-ökologische Transformation und dabei ein für Bürger:innen zugängliches Alltagsthema. Einige Städte und Gemeinden in Deutschland und Frankreich haben das Potenzial einer innovativen lokalen Politik für nachhaltige Ernährung erkannt und spannende Ansätze entwickelt und erprobt. Dabei stoßen sie jedoch auf strukturelle Barrieren, die nicht auf der kommunalen Ebene zu beseitigen sind. Das Deutsch-Französische Zukunftswerk hat zu den Chancen und Hemmnissen lokaler Ernährungswenden recherchiert und engagierte Kommunen beider Länder miteinander in Austausch gebracht. Gemeinsam mit Expert:innen aus der Wissenschaft, Verwaltung und Zivilgesellschaft hat es darüber hinaus die Handlungsempfehlung „Entwicklung lokaler und nachhaltiger Ernährungssysteme priorisieren“ mit fünf Aktionsvorschlägen an die nationalen Regierungen entwickelt. Diese Studie versteht sich als Hintergrundpapier zur Handlungsempfehlung. Anhand des konkreten Beispiels von Mouans-Sartoux und anderen Kommunen beschreibt es die Potenziale einer nachhaltigen kommunalen Ernährungspolitik und liefert – aus der konkreten lokalen Praxis heraus – das Hintergrundwissen für jeden der fünf Aktionsvorschläge.
    Beschreibung: Food and food policy is central to social-ecological transformation. It is also an everyday issue that is easy to communicate to citizens. Municipalities in Germany and France have recognized the potential of innovative local food policies and have developed and tested innovative approaches to transforming local food systems. However, they are encountering structural barriers that cannot be overcome at the municipal level. The Franco-German Forum for the Future has researched the opportunities and obstacles of local nutritional change and brought engaged municipalities from both countries into exchange with each other. Together with experts from academia, public administrations and civil society, it has developed the seven recommendations for the national governments, one of which concerns "Prioritizing the development of local and sustainable food systems" with five proposals for action. This study is intended as a background paper to the Recommendation. With recourse to the concrete example of Mouans-Sartoux and other municipalities in France and Germany, it describes the potentials of a sustainable municipal food policy and provides – from concrete local practice – the background knowledge for each of the five proposals for action.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 87
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Fact Sheet
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Deliberative Mini-Publics (DMPs) employ randomly selected groups of citizens, who work together to develop recommendations on specific issues. In democratic practice, DMPs, which include Citizens’ Assemblies, Citizens’ Councils, Deliberative Panels, Citizens’ Jury, etc., are usually called into action by policymakers to complement representative decision-making. The following describes how DMPs work, why they are used, and what determines their success.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 88
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Kenya is a climate and renewable energy frontrunner in the sub-Saharan region. The country is committed to decarbonisation and currently aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 32 % by 2030, relative to the business-as-usual scenario. Kenya has rapidly increased electrification access over the last decade thanks to a strong on- and off-grid renewable energy sector. Electricity from renewable sources covered 88 % of total domestic demand in 2020. The bulk of this is generated using geothermal energy, followed by hydro and wind power. These are complemented by a growing solar PV sector. Despite this laudable progress and the introduction of policies to foster renewables, the energy sector still faces significant challenges, including a lack of universal access, affordability issues and limitations in the transmission and distribution network. These circumstances result in a capacity surplus of generated electricity that cannot be absorbed by demand. Recent discoveries of oil and gas reserves risk derailing efforts to decarbonise the energy sector unless the Kenyan government strengthens its current course. This policy brief identifies three key areas for action to enhance energy security and continue on a sustainable energy path: Recommendation 1: Improve the quality of the grid Kenya should bolster its digitalisation efforts, support the adoption of new technologies, invest in research to reduce inefficiencies, foster regional integration to increase connectivity, and implement demand scheduling mechanisms to harness the advantages of different energy sources. These efforts should be flanked by an update of the national grid code. Recommendation 2: Liberalise the electricity market The procurement process needs to remain competitive and based on least cost criteria. Net metering programmes and renewables auctions should be implemented in order to attract more players and investment. Improved regulations about public-private partnerships and power purchase agreements will be needed to remove bottlenecks for market entry and establish an equal playing field. These measures should be accompanied by open consultations to ensure public participation and improve the investment climate. Recommendation 3: Promote decentralised energy supply options Decentralised renewable energy generation should be promoted to ensure that off-grid consumers can access affordable, reliable, and secure energy. Kenya should enhance sustainable financing structures and improve tax incentives for technology development and distribution of decentralised energy options. Capacity building efforts should target local communities, domestic companies, and government agencies to facilitate the maintenance and administration of off-grid systems and increase their sustainability.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Integrated ocean management (IOM) is an adaptive approach to managing human activities in the ocean, which is rooted in the ecosystem approach. It requires all dimensions of ocean space to be considered – physical, oceanographic, climatic, biological, social, economic spheres – and includes spatial and temporal dynamics of the system. It aims to create a framework for a sustainable ocean economy. To achieve this ambitious aim, management processes need to be integrated across governance, stakeholders, knowledge, system-dynamics, and be trans- boundary, which will form the ‘pillars’ for effective integration. Key features of the proposed integrated approach to ocean management call for enhanced collaboration, knowledge sharing, transparency, coordination, and communication. Community views and values, and scientific, traditional, and local knowledge play key roles in defining the design and operationalization of the above-mentioned pillars. The IOM approach has yet to be applied to ABNJ but is commonly applied to coastal waters. IOM will be increasingly important in ABNJ for addressing the rising challenges of achieving conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity. This report therefore aims to provide an overview on the application of IOM in the context of the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ, particularly within the Southeast Atlantic and Southeast Pacific regions. It particularly aims at promoting IOM for ABNJ across sectors and ecological dimensions by considering the application of enabling conditions to achieve cooperation and collaboration between the various actors working in or affecting ABNJ. This report summarises the current challenges facing management of ABNJ, identifies opportunities to implement IOM across boundaries and provides recommendations for moving forward on this urgent priority, guided by the Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing IOM in ABNJ is particularly relevant at this point in time as States are negotiating a new legally binding instrument for the protection and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ (referred to in this report as the BBNJ Agreement). Therefore, an opportunity exists for States to embed provisions that will allow IOM to be fully operational in the framework of the BBNJ Agreement upon its adoption and ratification. This report covers the concepts of IOM, its pillars, the importance of IOM for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ and the opportunities for strengthening IOM for BBNJ conservation in both STRONG High Seas project focal regions: the Southeast Atlantic and the Southeast Pacific. After analysing opportunities in these two regions, this report highlights some clear pathways by which this integrated approach can significantly support the conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ. Selected recommendations from this report are included below. For a more thorough set of possible actions and decisions that could be adopted by a range of actors to improve IOM, see Table 2 in Chapter 3.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 90
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Discussion Paper
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This paper examines the recent interest in hydrogen energy among political and economic leaders in the oil and gas producing states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Although key stakeholders continue to reinforce the fossil fuel systems that have defined the region’s political economy for decades, they increasingly recognize that the hydrocarbon era is drawing to a close. This has led to an increase in various “post-oil” energy investments, which most recently include hydrogen energy. This discussion paper examines why this is the case – that is, why the GCC’s political and corporate leaders are keen on promoting hydrogen energy systems in the region. It shows that the aspiration to produce “green” hydrogen – originating in Europe and Germany in particular – is increasingly seen as a way to broadcast the region’s green credentials, while simultaneously supporting the investments in “blue” hydrogen promoted by the state-owned hydrocarbon giants in the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation doivent faire de la protection de la biodiversité et/ou de l’intégrité écologique leur principal objectif et prendre en compte les pressions cumulatives sur l’environnement marin. Cela implique également d’inclure la connectivité écologique (par ex. les voies de migration des espèces marines ou les impacts transfrontaliers des activités humaines) et les impacts du changement climatique dans leur conception et leur mise en œuvre. En outre, la complexité et la nature dynamique de l’océan, notamment dans les zones situées au-delà de la juridiction nationale (ZAJN), exigent que les efforts de conservation reconnaissent l’incertitude, incluent des options pour y faire face ou s’adapter rapidement aux nouvelles informations scientifiques, et tiennent compte de l’espace tridimensionnel de l’océan. Cela nécessite également que la conception et la mise en œuvre de ces mesures s’appuient sur les meilleures connaissances interdisciplinaires scientifiques et autochtones disponibles. Il sera essentiel que les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation appliquent des mécanismes de consultation, de cooperation et de collaboration intersectorielles, et qu’elles tiennent compte des échelles spatio-temporelles appropriées pour leur mise en œuvre. Elles doivent refléter des grands objectifs sociétaux et tenir compte de la répartition inégale des retombées socio-économiques découlant des activités d’exploitation dans les ZAJN. Les actions de gouvernance et de gestion doivent reconnaître les systèmes socio-écologiques associés et diversifiés, ainsi que l’articulation entre la santé des océans et le bien-être humain, en intégrant les préoccupations des différentes parties prenantes dans la définition et la mise en œuvre de la mesure ou de l’approche. Il est essentiel que la conception et la mise en œuvre des mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation comprennent des moyens appropriés pour assurer le suivi, le contrôle et la surveillance réguliers des activités humaines, ainsi que le respect et l’application des lois et règlements en vigueur. Les États connaissent bien les instruments juridiques, tels que ceux de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (CNDUM), de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (FAO, par son acronyme en anglais), des conventions de l’Organisation maritime internationale (OMI), de l’Autorité internationale des fonds marins (ISA, par son acronyme en anglais), ainsi que les mesures de gestion adoptées par les organisations régionales de gestion de la pêche (ORGP). Ils ont développé des structures et des capacités de gouvernance pour soutenir leur mise en œuvre. Dans ce contexte, il est recommandé aux États de soutenir la consolidation et le développement des mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation, afin de s’assurer qu’elles inscrivent leur approche dans le cadre de considérations relatives à la connectivité écologique, à la protection de la biodiversité, à la gestion intégrée des océans fondée sur les écosystèmes et aux implications du changement climatique pour la conservation et la gestion de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN. Pour être efficace, toute mesure visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation proposés pour les ZAJN dans la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est doit tenir compte des réalités socio-économiques et politiques des pays dont les zones économiques exclusives bordent ces espaces. En ce sens, il est important de noter le rôle considérable que le secteur de la pêche a historiquement joué et continue de jouer pour la plupart des économies de cette région. La proposition d’instrument relatif à la biodiversité marine des zones situées au-delà de la juridiction nationale (BZAJN), en cours de négociation aux Nations unies, sera fondamentale pour établir la base juridique du développement et de la mise en œuvre de mesures intersectorielles visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation dans les ZAJN. L’efficacité des mesures envisageables pour soutenir les efforts de conservation actuels et futurs dépendra du mode d’intégration de l’instrument BZAJN proposé et de son articulation avec les mesures de conservation et d’utilisation durable établies dans le cadre des organisations de gestion existantes. À cet égard, il est particulièrement important pour la région de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est de savoir comment les ORGP existantes pourront interagir avec l’instrument BZAJN proposé. Compte tenu des difficultés en termes de capacité (technologique, expérience, financière, logistique) de nombreux pays de l’Atlantique du Sud-Est, il est important que les mesures visant à soutenir les efforts de conservation dans le cadre des traités internationaux ou des mécanismes juridiques existants soient intégrées, pratiques et rentables. Le statut juridique différent de la colonne d’eau et des grands fonds marins au-delà de la juridiction nationale et les différentes dispositions juridiques en place représentent un défi pour le développement d’une approche cohérente, complète et intégrée de la conservation et de l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN. Le manque d’uniformité dans le respect des règles entre les États du pavillon et l’absence de mécanismes de surveillance et d’application dans les ZAJN compromettent la réalisation d’une approche intégrée pour la conservation et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité marine dans ces vastes zones océaniques. La grande variété d’instruments existants peut être utilisée pour améliorer la conservation de la biodiversité dans les ZAJN grâce à une meilleure surveillance et une application plus stricte des règles. Cette responsabilité reste celle de chaque État du pavillon, mais à l’heure actuelle, cela se limite au signalement des navires et à une action de suivi minimale de la part des États du pavillon ou du port.
    Sprache: Französisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 92
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The STRONG High Seas project has published a guidance document to support the implementation of the international legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) that is being negotiated under the United Nations. This work is framed in the context of achieving spatial conservation measures but draws on examples from other biodiversity conservation efforts and offers guidance for achieving binding measures for any matter, in any regional fisheries management organisation (RFMO). Aspirations for achieving biodiversity conservation using enforceable, area-based management tools (ABMTs) in an RFMO will require dedicated action if they are to move from aspirations to actuality. Getting legally binding measures for areas beyond national jurisdiction approved and enforced in an RFMO is a complex, multi-stage process. The guidance document offers insights and strategic considerations on how to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes in an RFMO and have such measures adopted (i.e. made legally binding). It is a distillation of personal experiences including successes, failures, and insights into some of the more arcane aspects of RFMOs’ functioning, derived from the authors’ participation in dozens of meetings at many RFMOs.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This report - Study on Measures to Support Conservation Efforts in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction in the Southeast Pacific Region - aims to provide recommendations for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the Southeast Pacific region. These recommendations include considerations for establishing new conservation and management measures and expanding or improving existing measures in the region, as well as the use of tools to support the development of conservation measures. This report has been prepared by STRONG High Seas project researchers based on a literature review of cademic articles, data analysis, stakeholder insights, and experiences gathered at expert workshops held in the project’s focus regions in 2021. The information presented here is intended to support decision-makers, including government officials, the private sector and other stakeholders working on ocean governance in ABNJ who are involved or have an interest in the ongoing development of the Intergovernmental Conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). This report is part of a series of reports published by the STRONG High Seas project [Strengthening Regional Ocean Governance for the High Seas (June 2017 - May 2022)], covering aspects of ocean governance with a geographic focus on the Southeast Pacific (and Southeast Atlantic) region.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 94
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Malaysia has set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy (RE) in its energy mix. In 2021, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Malaysia (KeTSA) established an aspirational target for national installed RE capacity of 3 1% by 2025.1 This aspiration was recently reaffirmed by the National Energy Policy 2022 – 20402, which lays out a long-term plan for Malaysia’s green future. Although the country has abundant solar, biomass, and hydro resources for clean energy production, a number of barriers are slowing the energy transition. With its economy heavily reliant on fossil fuels, Malaysia risks a carbon lock-in that would perpetuate existing pathdependencies, infrastructure, technologies, institutions and behaviours that are embedded in and intertwined with the carbon economy. State revenues derive to a large extent from fossil fuels and previous reforms to support the growth of renewables have been hampered by the fact that the state is both responsible for shaping energy policy and is also the largest stakeholder in Malaysia’s highly centralised fossil-based energy system. Structural changes in both the energy system and decision-making processes are needed to support a timely transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy. Post-pandemic recovery packages and policy changes can lend critical momentum to this process if they are properly targeted. In this policy brief we identify three key opportunities for action to advance the Malaysian energy transition: Recommendation 1: Broaden the range of actors in the electricity sector Efforts to liberalise Malaysia’s highly concentrated electricity sector, increase competition, and improve market efficiency should be strengthened. Existing reform plans should be extended to the areas of transmission and distribution. Recommendation 2: Involve stakeholders in policy design processes The government should facilitate the participation of stakeholders in all stages of the policy process by formalising participation processes and establishing permanent, independent bodies to vet government decisions as well as regular forums for stakeholder dialogue. The decentralisation of decision processes should be promoted. Recommendation 3: Prioritise green growth in post-pandemic recovery programmes Recovery programmes should prioritise investment in sustainable energy infrastructure, clean technology industries, capacity-building, and research and development. Targeted social investment is needed to cushion the social impacts of decarbonisation and harness co-benefits.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 95
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Als Teil der kollaborativen Aktionsforschung des Deutsch-Französischen Zukunftswerkes beleuchtet diese Studie die aktuellen Entwicklungen der Universitätsstadt Marburg in ihren Bestrebungen, bis 2030 klimaneutral zu werden. Die Analyse skizziert die Chancen und Herausforderungen lokaler Klimapolitik. Sie zeigt auf, wie trotz einer hohen Motivation seitens der lokalen politischen Führung und der Zivilgesellschaft, die Klimaneutralität zu erreichen, strukturelle Hemmnisse – wie zum Beispiel eine versäulte Verwaltung, Mangel an Kapazitäten und Ressourcen für die Messung des Fortschritts und für strukturierte Beteiligungs- und Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten – die Umsetzung des lokalen Klima-Aktionsplans ausbremsen können. Anhand der Daten über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von einem Jahr erläutert die Analyse ebenso, wie transformative Forschungsansätze, in Form von regelmäßigen Reflektionen mit Akteur:innen vor Ort, lokale Bestrebungen der Klimapolitik unterstützen und vorantreiben können.
    Beschreibung: This paper reflects on how, and under what conditions local transformative change towards climate neutrality can flourish, based on the case of the German city of Marburg, which has committed to become a climate neutral city by 2030. The research findings are drawn from the work of the Franco-German Forum for the Future established in 2020. The Forum seeks to accelerate social and ecological transformation through collaborative action research with pioneering municipalities in France and Germany, through the fostering of dialogue among these initiatives and through the development of political recommendations for the respective national governments. We show how despite a strong political will in Marburg among both political leadership and civil society to act decisively for the achievement of climate neutrality, institutional constraints, such as a lack of flexibility within the local administration, shortage of capacity and resources for the monitoring of progress and the absence of institutionalised mechanisms for citizen participation and collaboration can hamper progress towards achieving the ambitious goals.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 96
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: W ostatnich latach coraz większą uwagę zyskują wyzwania stojące przed europejskimi regionami związane ze zmianami strukturalnymi w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju. Łużyce, leżące na granicy Niemiec i Polski, doświadczają znacznej presji związanej z transformacją. Krajowe i europejskie programy finansowania, m.in. w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, mają na celu łagodzenie skutków odchodzenia od wydobycia i konsumpcji węgla. Niedawno przyjęty unijny Mechanizm Sprawiedliwej Transformacji ma za zadanie wspieranie zrównoważonych zmian strukturalnych poprzez pomoc pracownikom i przyczynianie się do dywersyfikacji gospodarki w najbardziej dotkniętych obszarach. Niniejszy Policy Brief przedstawia trzy rekomendacje związane z wykorzystaniem funduszy UE w polsko-niemieckim obszarze granicznym w celu wspierania sprawiedliwej transformacji. Po pierwsze, fundusze udostępnione w ramach Mechanizmu powinny być wykorzystywane w porozumieniu z regionalnymi interesariuszami w Łużycach w celu uzupełnienia krajowych środków wsparcia. Dalsze programy finansowania ukierunkowane na różne obszary polityki publicznej powinny być wykorzystane w celu wzmocnienia spójności w całym regionie. W tym kontekście szczególnie interesujące są programy zarządzane centralnie przez Komisję Europejską (tzn. nie podlegające zarządzaniu dzielonemu z rządami krajowymi). Ściślejsza współpraca polityczna i gospodarcza, w połączeniu z głębszą wymianą doświadczeń, może przyspieszyć integrację regionalną i ukierunkować procesy przekształceń strukturalnych na osiągnięcie trwałych rezultatów. Użycie tych programów w obszarze granicznym obarczone jest jednak praktycznymi przeszkodami, które należy pokonać. Ponadto powyżej wymienione działania powinny być realizowane zgodne z celami zrównoważonego rozwoju (SDGs), przyczyniać się do osiągnięcia celu, jakim jest neutralność klimatyczna, a także do złagodzenia społecznych skutków transformacji strukturalnej na wszystkich poziomach.
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 97
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The STRONG High Seas project has published a Glossary of Ocean Governance Terms to provide decision-makers and other stakeholders, including the private sector, scientific communities, civil society, and traditional communities, with a reference lexicon on ocean governance related terms to facilitate understanding when engaging in negotiations and implementation of international and national policies and regulations. As in most areas of knowledge or activity, the field of ocean governance is associated with specialized terminology, or jargon. The use of specific terms is essential for clear communication, particularly among peers, but also to a wider audience. However, as one area becomes more specialized and consequently the use of jargons increases, the challenge for comprehensible communication also grows. A shared understanding of terms by stakeholders engaging in policy instruments is particularly critical. Texts of policy instruments and of decisions (or similar documents, such as Resolutions or measures) under these instruments are, in some cases, legally-binding, which makes States Parties generally abide by them. The same word could have different meaning to different audiences and at different times. Having a common understanding of a term will, therefore, ease communication and, ultimately, help decision-makers achieve agreement in a political context.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 98
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Study
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-09
    Beschreibung: In dieser qualitativen Analyse dreier kommunaler Planungsprozesse wird das in Norderstedt entstehende Quartier „Grüne Heyde“ mit dem etwa gleichzeitig entstehenden Hamburger Stadtteil „Oberbillwerder“ sowie der lang zurückliegenden Planung des „Rotbäumlesfeldes“ in Ludwigsburg verglichen. In allen drei Fällen wurden besondere Ansprüche an die Nachhaltigkeit der Planungen gestellt und jeweils in unterschiedlichem Grade realisiert und durchgehalten. Die Studie arbeitet heraus, dass insbesondere der Zugriff auf verwaltungsexterne Kompetenzen, die explizite Heraushebung der Vorhaben als „Modelle“, der Bezug auf gesamtstädtisch-strategische Ziele sowie der Mut, beim Projektmanagement strukturell zu experimentieren, in einigen der Fälle zu einem ‚Mehr‘ an Nachhaltigkeit beitrugen bzw. dass diese Faktoren dort, wo sie fehlten, zu Risiken in der Planung führten. Eine strategisch durchdachte Bodenpolitik bildet einen weiteren Einflussfaktor, der sich aufgrund der Fallstudien solide bejahen lässt, während Öffentlichkeitskommunikation und -beteiligung in ihrer Auswirkung auf die städtebaulichen Qualitäten schwerer zu beurteilen sind. Der Studie separat zugeordnet ist ein Einleger mit Handlungsempfehlungen an kommunale Verwaltungen.
    Beschreibung: In this qualitative analysis of three municipal planning processes, the housing project “Grüne Heyde” in Norderstedt is compared with projects in Hamburg (“Oberbillwerder”) and Ludwigsburg (“Rotbäumlesfeld”). The former two are still being developed whereas the third was planned quite some time ago. In all three cases, special demands were made for sustainable planning which were carried out and maintained to different degrees. The study shows that especially making use of competencies external to public administration, the fact that the projects are explicitly called “models”, the reference to strategic goals for the city as a whole, and the courage to experiment structurally in project management contributed to “more” sustainability in some of the cases. On the other hand, these factors led to risks in planning where they were lacking. A strategically though-out land policy is another influential factor that can be solidly affirmed on the basis of the case studies; however, public communication and participation are more difficult to assess in terms of their impact on urban development qualities. The study is accompanied by an insert with recommendations for action for municipal administrations.
    Beschreibung: Cette analyse qualitative de trois processus de planification communaux compare le quartier “Grüne Heyde” en cours de réalisation à Norderstedt avec le quartier “Oberbillwerder” à Hambourg, qui a vu le jour à peu près au même moment, ainsi que la planification du “Rotbäumlesfeld” à Ludwigsburg, qui remonte à plus longtemps. Dans les trois cas, des exigences particulières ont été posées à la durabilité des planifications, qui ont été réalisées et maintenues à des degrés divers. L'étude montre que le recours à des compétences externes à l'administration, la mise en avant explicite des projets en tant que “modèles”, la référence à des objectifs stratégiques pour l'ensemble de la ville ainsi que le courage d'expérimenter des structures de gestion de projet ont contribué dans certains cas à un “plus” en matière de durabilité ou que ces facteurs ont entraîné des risques dans la planification lorsqu'ils faisaient défaut. Une politique foncière stratégiquement réfléchie constitue un autre facteur d’une influence positive sur la durabilité de ces études de cas, tandis que la communication et la participation du public sont plus difficiles à évaluer dans leur impact sur les qualités urbanistiques. L'étude est accompagnée d'un encart contenant des recommandations d'action pour les administrations communales.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 99
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
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    Unbekannt
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is accelerating across the globe, as prices continue to fall and countries begin their transition from fossil to renewable energy. Public auctions have become the dominant policy tool for solar PV deployment: 106 countries held renewable energy auctions (dominated by solar) by the end of 2018 (IRENA a, 2019). One third of the 55 countries that held renewable auctions in 2017 – 2018 did so for the first time (ibid.). Little solar-specific experience and capacity in newly adopting countries can result in technical failures and lower solar plant performance (IRENA 2017). For instance, it was reported that 30 percent of nearly 100 analysed projects in different countries indicate severe defects that impact performance (TÜV Rheinland 2015). This makes investment in solar plants in newcomer countries risky, hindering the development of the solar sector and undermining political targets of solar energy deployment in these countries. In this context, international organisations have suggested that policymakers in adopting countries include international quality standards1 as technical requirements in the design of public auctions. This policy brief outlines the potential benefits and challenges of doing so, highlighting the crucial role of the Quality Infrastructure (QI) system in newcomer countries. Key lessons learnt are synthesised from international experiences with technical requirements in solar PV auctions. On this basis, entry points are identified for the development of strategies for their introduction in newly adopting countries. The two key things policymakers should consider are the adoption of appropriate standards based on the specific country context and the implementation of real-time data monitoring.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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