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  • Springer  (959,352)
  • Springer Nature  (349,834)
  • American Physical Society  (221,263)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2020-2024  (5,234)
  • 2015-2019  (858,584)
  • 2005-2009  (378,816)
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  • 201
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, ‘traces of life’, were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 202
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Understanding the genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible for its spatial and temporal dynamics is vital for assessing species’ adaptability and survival in changing environments. We investigate the genetic fingerprinting of blooming populations of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) from 2008 to 2020. Strains were genotyped using microsatellite fingerprinting and natural samples were also analysed with Microsatellite Pool-seq Barcoding based on Illumina sequencing of microsatellite loci. Both approaches revealed a clonal expansion event in 2013 and a more stable genetic structure during 2017–2020 compared to previous years. The identification of a mating type (MT) determination gene allowed to assign MT to strains isolated over the years. MTs were generally at equilibrium with two notable exceptions, including the clonal bloom of 2013. The populations exhibited linkage equilibrium in most blooms, indicating that sexual reproduction leads to genetic homogenization. Our findings show that P. multistriata blooms exhibit a dynamic genetic and demographic composition over time, most probably determined by deeper-layer cell inocula. Occasional clonal expansions and MT imbalances can potentially affect the persistence and ecological success of planktonic diatoms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 203
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. Arctic fjords, the region’s most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at the base of the food web. Here we show that Arctic fjords become more prokaryotic in the picoplankton (0.2–3 µm) with increasing water temperatures. Across 21 fjords, we found that Arctic fjords had proportionally more trophically diverse (autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic and temperate fjords had relatively more diverse prokaryotic trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between fjords suggested that transport alone would create a smooth gradient in beta diversity largely following the North Atlantic Current and East Greenland Current. Deviations from this suggested that picoeukaryotes had some strong regional patterns in beta diversity that reduced the effect of oceanographic connectivity, while prokaryotes were mainly stopped in their dispersal if strong temperature differences between sites were present. Fjords located in high Arctic regions also generally had very low prokaryotic alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming of Arctic fjords could induce a fundamental shift from more trophic diverse eukaryotic- to prokaryotic-dominated communities, with profound implications for Arctic ecosystem dynamics including their productivity patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 204
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: We studied the potential of a recently introduced species, the Asian brush-clawed crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi), to expand its distribution range further into the Baltic Sea. H. takanoi has been documented in the southwestern Baltic Sea since 2014. The ability to persist and further expand into the Baltic Proper will depend on their potential to sustain all stages of their complex life cycle, including pelagic larvae, under the Baltic Sea's conditions. Range limits may be established by the tolerance to low salinity, which in addition may be affected by water temperature. A key question is whether local populations at the distribution limit (within the Baltic Sea) show increased tolerance to low salinities and hence promote further expansion. We quantified the combined effects of salinity (10–33 PSU) and temperature (15–24 °C) on larval development in four populations of H. takanoi (two from the Baltic and two from the North Sea). We found substantial differences in larval performance between the populations from the Baltic and North Seas. Larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. Only weak evidence of elevated tolerance towards low salinity was found in the larvae from the Baltic Sea populations. In addition, larvae from the population located near the range limit showed very low survival under all tested salinity-temperature combinations and no evidence of increased tolerance to low salinity. There was no apparent genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) implying high connectivity among the populations. In conclusion, the weak evidence of low salinity tolerance in Baltic Sea populations, and poor larval performance for the population located near the range limit, coupled with limited genetic differentiation suggest that subsidies are needed for populations to persist near the range limit. Alternatively, ontogenetic migrations would be required to sustain those populations. Monitoring efforts are needed to elucidate the underlaying mechanisms and document potential future range expansions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 205
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 206
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: This review summarizes what the volcanology community has learned thus far from studying the deposits of pyroclastic currents (PCs) from the 1980 eruption sequence at Mount St. Helens. The review includes mass flow events during the May 18 eruption, including the lateral blast, the afternoon column collapse and boil-over PC activity, and some aspects of the debris avalanche. We also include a summary of PCs generated in the smaller eruptions following the climactic May 18 event. Our objective is to summarize the state of our understanding of PC transport and emplacement mechanisms from the combination of field and laboratory observations, granular flow experiments, and numerical modeling techniques. Specifically, we couple deposit characteristics, experiments, and numerical modeling techniques to critically address the problems of (1) constraining conditions in the flow boundary zone at the time of deposition; (2) the influence of substrate roughness and topography on PC behavior; (3) the prevalence, causes, and consequences of substrate erosion by PCs; and (4) the reconstruction of PC transportation and sedimentation processes from a combination of geophysical and sedimentological observations. We conclude by providing opportunities for future research as our field, experimental, and numerical research techniques advance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 24
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: numerical modeling, mount St. Helens, physical volcanology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 207
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 208
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 933–947
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 209
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 210
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Background: Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results: Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer. Conclusion: With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 211
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Biometeorology, Springer Nature, 68(4), pp. 1-17, ISSN: 0020-7128
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 212
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    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 213
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Invasive alien species represent one of the main environmental threats to native biodiversity and can also strongly alter the biogeochemical cycles within an ecosystem. This study aims to define the distribution of the invasive alien species Cotula cor-onopifolia L. within the protected wetland "Variconi" (Campania region, southern Italy) and evaluate the potential role of water geochemical features as interpretation tools for pattern distribution. The presence of C. coronopifolia was assessed in the field, and a distribution map was drawn; concomitantly thirty-nine water samples were collected from groundwater and surface water bodies for chemical analyses. The results showed that C. coronopifolia preferentially colonized the sector of the wetland characterized by high halinity, while it is totally absent in retrodunal and sandy coastal area with very high halinity. The cartography presented can be used as a tool to help target future management interventions. Through our multidisciplinary approach, new evidence has been provided on the ecology of this invasive alien plant that occupies several wetlands worldwide. The replicability of this method may be useful to assess the level of invasion of an alien species but also to predict its evolution as a function of environmental parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1653–1668
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 214
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Active volcanoes show many mild thermal anomalies, because the ground surface is sensible to changes in the advective processes, occurring through the network of fissures. This data report shows the temperatures, recorded from January 2020 to February 2023, by a remote-controlled monitoring station. The VCS station is located on the summit of La Fossa cone (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands), in a zone of intense diffuse degassing. The temperature data, hourly registered at VCS, are available in the supplementary Excel file. The thermal data are part of the comprehensive network, performed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, for volcanic surveillance. On the Island of Vulcano, the active volcanic system under la Fossa caldera has been affected by multiple exhaling crises, interpreted as unrest of volcanic activity. The temperature time series provided reference data showing the thermal transition of the volcanic ground surface from a background degassing condition, through unrest, to the new thermal condition that followed the unrest period.
    Description: OvFu 0304.010 - Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri—Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 40
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: heat flux ; time series ; Unrest ; Vulcano ; diffuse degassing ; thermal monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 215
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7717
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; clinopyroxene ; paroxysmal activity ; Eruptive timescales ; Thermobarometry ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 216
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of terrestrial carbon (C)–climate feedback is the rate of C loss upon abrupt permafrost thaw. This type of thawing—termed thermokarst—may in turn accelerate or dampen the response of microbial degradation of soil organic matter and carbon dioxide (CO2) release to climate warming. However, such impacts have not yet been explored in experimental studies. Here, by experimentally warming three thermo-erosion gullies in an upland thermokarst site combined with incubating soils from five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we investigate how warming responses of soil CO2 release would change upon upland thermokarst formation. Our results show that warming-induced increase in soil CO2 release is ~5.5 times higher in thermokarst features than the adjacent non-thermokarst landforms. This larger warming response is associated with the lower substrate quality and higher abundance of microbial functional genes for recalcitrant C degradation in thermokarst-affected soils. Taken together, our study provides experimental evidence that warming-associated soil CO2 loss becomes stronger upon abrupt permafrost thaw, which could exacerbate the positive soil C–climate feedback in permafrost-affected regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 217
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: Earth System Literacy offers a rich matrix of narratives about (planet) Earth, World and Humans when interwoven with cultural artefacts (e.g. arts, history). Anthropogenic global change locks them together in a unifying framework. By making a distinction between reproduction, work (ergon, Greek) and civicness, there are narratives that convey what characterises the human condition today, including the material, social and historic settings of the Anthropocene.
    Description: Published
    Description: 445–449
    Keywords: Anthropocene ; Earth System Literacy ; Narratives ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 218
    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 219
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Published
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Keywords: 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 220
    Publication Date: 2024-07-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 221
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Cephalopods are well known for their cognitive capabilities and unique behavioural repertoires. Yet, certain life strategies and behaviours are still not fully understood. For instance, coastal octopuses have been documented (mainly through citizen science and TV documentaries) to occasionally leave the water and crawl in intertidal areas. Yet, there is a complete lack of knowledge on this behaviour's physiological and biochemical basis. Within this context, this study aimed to investigate, for the first time, physiological (routine and maximum metabolic rates and aerobic scope) and biochemical (i.e., antioxidant enzymes activities, heat shock protein and ubiquitin levels, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation) responses of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, to emersion. The octopuses’ physiological performance was determined by measuring metabolic rates in different emersion treatments and biochemical markers. The size-adjusted maximum metabolic rates (MMRadj) of octopuses exposed to 2:30 min of air exposure followed by re-immersion did not differ significantly from the MMRadj of the chased individuals (control group). Yet, most biochemical markers revealed no significant differences among the different emersion treatments. Our findings showed that O. vulgaris could tolerate exposure to short-term emersion periods due to an efficient antioxidant machinery and cellular repair mechanisms. Alongside, we argue that the use of atmospheric air through the mucus-covered gills and/or cutaneous respiration may also help octopus withstand emersion and crawling on land.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 222
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The sustainability of southern Africa’s natural and managed marine and terrestrial ecosystems is threatened by overuse, mismanagement, population pressures, degradation, and climate change. Counteracting unsustainable development requires a deep understanding of earth system processes and how these are affected by ongoing and anticipated global changes. This information must be translated into practical policy and management interventions. Climate models project that the rate of terrestrial warming in southern Africa is above the global terrestrial average. Moreover, most of the region will become drier. Already there is evidence that climate change is disrupting ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. This is likely to continue in the foreseeable future, but impacts can be partly mitigated through urgent implementation of appropriate policy and management interventions to enhance resilience and sustainability of the ecosystems. The recommendations presented in the previous chapters are informed by a deepened scientific understanding of the relevant earth system processes, but also identify research and knowledge gaps. Ongoing disciplinary research remains critical, but needs to be complemented with cross-disciplinary and transdisciplinary research that can integrate across temporal and spatial scales to give a fuller understanding of not only individual components of the complex earth-system, but how they interact.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 223
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: The southern African subcontinent and its surrounding oceans accommodate globally unique ecoregions, characterized by exceptional biodiversity and endemism. This diversity is shaped by extended and steep physical gradients or environmental discontinuities found in both ocean and terrestrial biomes. The region’s biodiversity has historically been the basis of life for indigenous cultures and continues to support countless economic activities, many of them unsustainable, ranging from natural resource exploitation, an extensive fisheries industry and various forms of land use to nature-based tourism. Being at the continent’s southern tip, terrestrial species have limited opportunities for adaptive range shifts under climate change, while warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Marine climate change effects are complex, as warming may strengthen thermal stratification, while shifts in regional wind regimes influence ocean currents and the intensity of nutrient-enriching upwelling. The flora and fauna of marine and terrestrial southern African biomes are of vital importance for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. They thus deserve special attention in further research on the impacts of anthropogenic pressures including climate change. Excellent preconditions exist in the form of long-term data sets of high quality to support scientific advice for future sustainable management of these vulnerable biomes.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 224
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Microbial carbonates are common components of Quaternary tropical coral reefs. Previous studies revealed that sulfate-reducing bacteria trigger microbial carbonate precipitation in supposedly cryptic reef environments. Here, using petrography, lipid biomarker analysis, and stable isotope data, we aim to understand the formation mechanism of microbial carbonate enclosed in deep fore reef limestones from Mayotte and Mohéli, Comoro Islands, which differ from other reefal microbial carbonates in that they contain less microbial carbonate and are dominated by numerous sponges. To discern sponge-derived lipids from lipids enclosed in microbial carbonate, lipid biomarker inventories of diverse sponges from the Mayotte and Mohéli reef systems were examined. Abundant peloidal, laminated, and clotted textures point to a microbial origin of the authigenic carbonates, which is supported by ample amounts of mono- O -alkyl glycerol monoethers (MAGEs) and terminally branched fatty acids; both groups of compounds are attributed to sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sponges revealed a greater variety of alkyl chains in MAGEs, including new, previously unknown, mid-chain monomethyl- and dimethyl-branched MAGEs, suggesting a diverse community of sulfate reducers different from the sulfate-reducers favoring microbialite formation. Aside from biomarkers specific for sulfate-reducing bacteria, lipids attributed to demosponges (i.e., demospongic acids) are also present in some of the sponges and the reefal carbonates. Fatty acids attributed to demosponges show a higher diversity and a higher proportion in microbial carbonate compared to sponge tissue. Such pattern reflects significant taphonomic bias associated with the preservation of demospongic acids, with preservation apparently favored by carbonate authigenesis.
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  • 225
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Biological invasions pose a growing threat to ecosystems, biodiversity, and socio-economic interests. In the European Union, the introduction of non-native species through trade, tourism, and other pathways has led to unintended consequences. Among these non-native species, a subset exhibits negative impacts and is commonly referred to as ‘invasive’. However, the number of non-native species and the proportion considered invasive vary across different member states of the European Union. Classifications and definitions of invasive species also differ among countries potentially leading to an underrepresentation. Here, we use Germany as a case study to highlight gaps in invasive species classifications. The number of non-native species reported as invasive in Germany remains low (~ 14%) compared to other European Union member states (~ 22%), despite Germany’s strong economy, significant research investments, and well-established trade networks. This disparities may be attributed to complex and multifaceted factors, encompassing differences in classifications, variations in research effort and focus, and diverse national priorities. We further propose that the impacts of non-native species on resources and biodiversity may be more likely to be overlooked, principally in large economies reliant on international trade, such as Germany. This oversight could negatively affect conservation efforts and funding for research aimed at improving understanding invasive species threats. We suggest that this underreporting may stem from a focus on maintaining economic growth, which might have taken precedence over addressing the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species.
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  • 226
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: There is growing concern surrounding the pervasive impacts of microplastic pollution, but despite increasing interest in this area there remains limited understanding of its disruption to biological communities and the ecosystem services they provide. One such service is the breakdown of leaf litter in freshwaters by invertebrate shredders, such as Gammarus spp., that directly and indirectly provides resources for many other species. This study investigates the effect of microplastic exposure on leaf consumption by two Gammarus species in Ireland, the native Gammarus duebeni celticus, and the invasive Gammarus pulex. Individuals were exposed to 40-48 mu m polyethylene particles for 24 h at a range of concentrations (20-200,000 MP/L), with the amount of leaf consumption in that time frame recorded. Microplastics did not affect the feeding rate of either species at environmentally relevant concentrations, indicating that ecosystem services currently provided by our study species are sustainable. However, at higher microplastic concentrations the feeding rate of G. d. celticus was significantly reduced, whereas G. pulex remained unaffected, drawing attention to species-specific and native-invader differences in microplastic impacts. The results of our study further contribute to the observed pattern that invasive species, including various amphipod species, often display a higher tolerance to environmental stressors compared to their native counterparts. This research highlights the need for mitigation of ongoing and increasing microplastic pollution that could differentially influence key ecosystem services and functions.
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  • 227
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Anthropogenic disturbances, including non-indigenous species (NIS) and climate change, have considerably affected ecosystems and socio-economies globally. Despite the widely acknowledged individual roles of NIS and global warming in biodiversity change, predicting the connection between the two still remains a fundamental challenge and requires urgent attention due to a timely importance for proper conservation management. To improve our understanding of the interaction between climate change and NIS on biological communities, we conducted laboratory experiments to test the temperature and pCO2 tolerance of four gammarid species: two native Baltic Sea species (Gammarus locusta and G. salinus), one Ponto‐Caspian NIS (Pontogammarus maeoticus) and one North American NIS (Gammarus tigrinus). Our results demonstrated that an increase in pCO2 level was not a significant driver of mortality, neither by itself nor in combination with increased temperature, for any of the tested species. However, temperature was significant, and differentially affected the tested species. The most sensitive was the native G. locusta which experienced 100% mortality at 24 °C. The second native species, G. salinus, performed better than G. locusta, but was still significantly more sensitive to temperature increase than either of the NIS. In contrast, NIS performed better than native species with warming, whereby particularly the Ponto-Caspian P. maeoticus did not demonstrate any difference in its performance between the temperature treatments. With the predicted environmental changes in the Baltic Sea, we may expect shifts in distributions of native taxa towards colder areas, while their niches might be filled by NIS, particularly those from the Ponto-Caspian region. Although, northern colder areas may be constrained by lower salinity. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings across other NIS, habitats and regions to make more general inferences.
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  • 228
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Statistics of regional sterodynamic sea level variability are analyzed in terms of probability density functions of a 100-member ensemble of monthly mean sea surface height (SSH) timeseries simulated with the low-resolution Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble. To analyze the impact of climate change on sea level statistics, fields of SSH variability, skewness and excess kurtosis representing the historical period 1986-2005 are compared with similar fields from projections for the period 2081-2100 under moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate forcing conditions. Larger deviations of the models SSH statistics from Gaussian are limited to the western and eastern tropical Pacific. Under future climate warming conditions, SSH variability of the western tropical Pacific appear more Gaussian in agreement with weaker zonal easterly wind stress pulses, suggesting a reduced El Nino Southern Oscillation activity in the western warm pool region. SSH variability changes show a complex amplitude pattern with some regions becoming less variable, e.g., off the eastern coast of the north American continent, while other regions become more variable, notably the Southern Ocean. A west (decrease)-east (increase) contrast in variability changes across the subtropical Atlantic under RCP8.5 forcing is related to changes in the gyre circulation and a declining Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to external forcing changes. In addition to global mean sea-level rise of 16 cm for RCP4.5 and 24 cm for RCP8.5, we diagnose regional changes in the tails of the probability density functions, suggesting a potential increased in variability-related extreme sea level events under global warmer conditions.
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  • 229
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: Seamounts are thought to function as hotspots of megafauna diversity due to their topology and environmental characteristics. However, assessments of megafauna communities inhabiting seamounts, including diversity and density, are scarce. In this study, we provide megafauna diversity and density estimates for a recently discovered, not yet characterized seamount region (Boetius seamounts) west of Cape Verde (N17° 16′, W29° 26′). We investigated the distribution of epibenthic megafauna over a large depth gradient from the seamount’s summit at 1400 m down to 3200 m water depth and provided qualitative and quantitative analyses based on quantified video data. In utilizing an ocean floor observation system (OFOS), calibrated videos were taken as a horizontal transect from the north-eastern flank of the seamount, differentiating between an upper, coral-rich region (−1354/−2358 m) and a deeper, sponge-rich region (−2358/−3218 m). Taxa were morphologically distinguished, and their diversity and densities were estimated and related to substrate types. Both the upper and deeper seamount region hosted unique communities with significantly higher megafauna richness at the seamount’s summit. Megafauna densities differed significantly between the upper (0.297 ± 0.167 Ind./m 2 ) and deeper community (0.112 ± 0.114 Ind./m). The seamount showed a vertical zonation with dense aggregations of deep-sea corals dominating the seamount’s upper region and colonies of the glass sponges Poliopogon amadou dominating the deeper region. The results are discussed in light of detected substrate preferences and co-occurrence of species and are compared with findings from other Atlantic seamounts.
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  • 230
  • 231
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: The southeastern tropical Atlantic hosts a coastal upwelling system characterized by high biological productivity. Three subregions can be distinguished based on differences in the physical climate: the tropical Angolan and the northern and southern Benguela upwelling systems (tAUS, nBUS, sBUS). The tAUS, which is remotely forced via equatorial and coastal trapped waves, can be characterized as a mixing-driven system, where the wind forcing plays only a secondary role. The nBUS and sBUS are both forced by alongshore winds and offshore cyclonic wind stress curl. While the nBUS is a permanent upwelling system, the sBUS is impacted by the seasonal cycle of alongshore winds. Interannual variability in the region is dominated by Benguela Niños and Niñas that are warm and cold events observed every few years in the tAUS and nBUS. Decadal and multidecadal variations are reported for sea surface temperature and salinity, stratification and subsurface oxygen. Future climate warming is likely associated with a southward shift of the South Atlantic wind system. While the mixing-driven tAUS will most likely be affected by warming and increasing stratification, the nBUS and sBUS will be mostly affected by wind changes with increasing winds in the sBUS and weakening winds in the northern nBUS.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 232
    Publication Date: 2024-02-26
    Description: This study investigates extreme wet and dry conditions over the humid tropics and their connections to the variability of the tropical ocean basins using observations and a multi-model ensemble of 24 state-of-the-art coupled climate models, for the 1930–2014 period. The extreme wet (dry) conditions are consistently linked to Central Pacific La Niña (Eastern Pacific El Niño), the weakest being the Congo basin, and homogeneous patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. The Atlantic exhibits markedly varying configurations of SST anomalies, including the Atlantic Niño and pan-Atlantic decadal oscillation, with non-symmetrical patterns between the wet and dry conditions. The oceanic influences are associated with anomalous convection and diabatic heating partly related to variations in the strength of the Walker Circulation. The observed connection between the Amazon basin, as well as the Maritime continent, and the Indo-Pacific variability are better simulated than that of the Congo basin. The observed signs of the Pacific and Indian SST anomalies are reversed for the modelled Congo basin extreme conditions which are, instead, tied to the Atlantic Niño/Niña variability. This Atlantic–Congo basin connection is related to a too southerly location of the simulated inter-tropical convergence zone that is associated with warm SST biases over the Atlantic cold tongue. This study highlights important teleconnections and model improvements necessary for the skillful prediction of extreme precipitation over the humid tropics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 233
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, 'traces of life', were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
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  • 234
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: To advance underwater computer vision and robotics from lab environments and clear water scenarios to the deep dark ocean or murky coastal waters, representative benchmarks and realistic datasets with ground truth information are required. In particular, determining the camera pose is essential for many underwater robotic or photogrammetric applications and known ground truth is mandatory to evaluate the performance of, e.g., simultaneous localization and mapping approaches in such extreme environments. This paper presents the conception, calibration, and implementation of an external reference system for determining the underwater camera pose in real time. The approach, based on an HTC Vive tracking system in air, calculates the underwater camera pose by fusing the poses of two controllers tracked above the water surface of a tank. It is shown that the mean deviation of this approach to an optical marker-based reference in air is less than 3 mm and 0.3. Finally, the usability of the system for underwater applications is demonstrated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 235
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (termed Hal144T) was isolated from the marine breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea. Sponge material was collected in 2018 at Schilksee which is located in the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length Hal144T 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed similarities from 94.3 to 96.6% to the nearest type strains of the genus Maribacter. The phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene sequences depicted a cluster of strain Hal144T with its closest relatives Maribacter aestuarii GY20T (96.6%) and Maribacter thermophilus HT7-2T (96.3%). Genome phylogeny showed that Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T branched from a cluster consisting of Maribacter arenosus, Maribacter luteus, and Maribacter polysiphoniae. Genome comparisons of strain Maribacter halichondriae Hal144T with Maribacter sp. type strains exhibited average nucleotide identities in the range of 75–76% and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values in the range of 13.1–13.4%. Compared to the next related type strains, strain Hal144T revealed unique genomic features such as phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system pathway, serine-glyoxylate cycle, lipid A 3-O-deacylase, 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, enrichment of pseudogenes and of genes involved in cell wall and envelope biogenesis, indicating an adaptation to the host. Strain Hal144T was determined to be Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly aerobic, flexirubin positive, resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and able to utilize N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine. Optimal growth occurred at 25–30 °C, within a salinity range of 2–6% sea salt, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The major fatty acids identified were C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0, and iso-C15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of strain Hal144T was 41.4 mol%. Based on the polyphasic approach, strain Hal144T represents a novel species of the genus Maribacter, and we propose the name Maribacter halichondriae sp. nov. The type strain is Hal144T (= DSM 114563T = LMG 32744T).
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  • 236
  • 237
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Future changes in the southeastern tropical Atlantic interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are investigated utilizing the global climate model FOCI. In that model, the Coastal Angola Benguela Area (CABA) is among the regions of the tropical Atlantic that exhibits the largest surface warming. Under the worst-case scenario of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5), the SST variability in the CABA decreases by about 19% in 2070–2099 relative to 1981–2010 during the model’s peak interannual variability season May–June–July (MJJ). The weakening of the MJJ interannual temperature variability spans the upper 40 m of the ocean along the Angolan and Namibian coasts. The reduction in variability appears to be related to a diminished surface-layer temperature response to thermocline-depth variations, i.e., a weaker thermocline feedback, which is linked to changes in the mean vertical temperature gradient. Despite improvements made by embedding a high-resolution nest in the ocean a significant SST bias remains, which might have implications for the results.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 238
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: 3D models, generated from underwater imagery, are a valuable asset for many applications. When acquiring images underwater, light is refracted as it passes the boundary layers between water, housing and the air inside the housing due to the different refractive indices of the materials. Thus the geometry of the light rays changes in this scenario and the standard pinhole camera model is not applicable. As a result, pinhole 3D reconstruction methods can not easily be applied in this environment. For the dense reconstruction of scene surfaces the added complexity is especially challenging, as these types of algorithms have to match vast amounts of image content. This work proposes the refractive adaptation of a PatchMatch Multi-View Stereo algorithm. The refraction encountered at flat port underwater housings is explicitly modeled to avoid systematic errors in the reconstruction. Concepts derived from the axial camera model are employed to handle the high demands of Multi-View Stereo regarding accuracy and computational complexity. Numerical simulations and reconstruction results on synthetically generated but realistic images with ground truth validate the effectiveness of the approach.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 239
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Der Biodiversitätsverlust schreitet in bedrohlichem Ausmaß voran. Mit dem Global Biodiversity Framework und voraussichtlich dem Nature Restoration Law bestehen nun auf internationaler und europäischer Ebene vielversprechende Ansätze, ihm Herr zu werden. Jetzt ist der Bundesgesetzgeber – nicht zuletzt aus verfassungsrechtlichen Erwägungen – aufgerufen, daran anzuknüpfen. Dazu bietet sich die Regelungsform eines Rahmen- und Politikplanungsgesetzes an, wie sie schon aus dem Klimaschutzgesetz und dem Klimaanpassungsgesetz bekannt ist. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet den internationalen, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Hintergrund eines solchen ‘Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes’ und diskutiert – unter Zusammenarbeit sowohl rechts- als auch naturwissenschaftlicher Autor:innen – formale und materielle Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
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  • 240
    Publication Date: 2024-07-05
    Description: Automatic seismic data interpretation is a significant method in the exploration of geophysics. Complexities of the subsurface structures and the subsurface wave propagation media, make the decision-making process difficult in seismic data interpretation. Nevertheless, the extent of related knowledge and using the expert system method in seismic data interpretation can mitigate this problem. An expert system is a knowledge-based system that applies its knowledge in a complex and specific area and acts as an expert end-user consultant. This study investigates the design of an ANFIS expert system for mud diapirs detection with seismic data analysis in Gorgan plain. This method was applied to seismic attributes from a complex geological mud diapir bearing structure from south of the Caspian Sea. The south of the Caspian Sea is one of the richest area as petroleum reserves, and the Gorgan plain has various mud diapirs, which act as indicators of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The expert system design process to identify mud diapirs on seismic sections was modeled in two approaches including manual and automatic seismic data interpretation. In the first approach, the experience of the expert was collected by manual interpretation of training data and used to create a knowledge base and inference of the expert system in the second approach. The validation verified the accuracy of this method with an average accuracy of 90.1% according to using minimum knowledge to develop a knowledge base of the designed ANFIS expert system.
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  • 241
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Background: Assessing the historical dynamics of key food web components is crucial to understand how climate change impacts the structure of Arctic marine ecosystems. Most retrospective stable isotopic studies to date assessed potential ecosystem shifts in the Arctic using vertebrate top predators and filter-feeding invertebrates as proxies. However, due to long life histories and specific ecologies, ecosystem shifts are not always detectable when using these taxa. Moreover, there are currently no retrospective stable isotopic studies on various other ecological and taxonomic groups of Arctic biota. To test whether climate-driven shifts in marine ecosystems are reflected in the ecology of short-living mesopredators, ontogenetic changes in stable isotope signatures in chitinous hard body structures were analysed in two abundant squids (Gonatus fabricii and Todarodes sagittatus) from the low latitude Arctic and adjacent waters, collected between 1844 and 2023. Results: We detected a temporal increase in diet and habitat-use generalism (= opportunistic choice rather than specialization), trophic position and niche width in G. fabricii from the low latitude Arctic waters. These shifts in trophic ecology matched with the Atlantification of the Arctic ecosystems, which includes increased generalization of food webs and higher primary production, and the influx of boreal species from the North Atlantic as a result of climate change. The Atlantification is especially marked since the late 1990s/early 2000s. The temporal patterns we found in G. fabricii’s trophic ecology were largely unreported in previous Arctic retrospective isotopic ecology studies. Accordingly, T. sagittatus that occur nowadays in the high latitude North Atlantic have a more generalist diet than in the XIXth century. :Conclusions Our results suggest that abundant opportunistic mesopredators with short life cycles (such as squids) are good candidates for retrospective ecology studies in the marine ecosystems, and to identify ecosystem shifts driven by climate change. Enhanced generalization of Arctic food webs is reflected in increased diet generalism and niche width in squids, while increased abundance of boreal piscivorous fishes is reflected in squids’ increased trophic position. These findings support opportunism and adaptability in squids, which renders them as potential winners of short-term shifts in Arctic ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 242
    Publication Date: 2024-07-11
    Description: Background: Sponges (phylum Porifera) constantly interact with microbes. They graze on microbes from the water column by filter-feeding and they harbor symbiotic partners within their bodies. In experimental setups, sponges take up symbionts at lower rates compared with seawater microbes. This suggests that sponges have the capacity to differentiate between microbes and preferentially graze in non-symbiotic microbes, although the underlying mechanisms of discrimination are still poorly understood. Genomic studies showed that, compared to other animal groups, sponges present an extended repertoire of immune receptors, in particular NLRs, SRCRs, and GPCRs, and a handful of experiments showed that sponges regulate the expression of these receptors upon encounter with microbial elicitors. We hypothesize that sponges may rely on differential expression of their diverse repertoire of poriferan immune receptors to sense different microbial consortia while filter-feeding. To test this, we characterized the transcriptomic response of two sponge species, Aplysina aerophoba and Dysidea avara, upon incubation with microbial consortia extracted from A. aerophoba in comparison with incubation with seawater microbes. The sponges were sampled after 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h for RNA-Seq differential gene expression analysis. Results: D. avara incubated with A. aerophoba-symbionts regulated the expression of genes related to immunity, ubiquitination, and signaling. Within the set of differentially-expressed immune genes we identified different families of Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptors (NLRs). These results represent the first experimental evidence that different types of NLRs are involved in microbial discrimination in a sponge. In contrast, the transcriptomic response of A. aerophoba to its own symbionts involved comparatively fewer genes and lacked genes encoding for immune receptors. Conclusion: Our work suggests that: (i) the transcriptomic response of sponges upon microbial exposure may imply “fine-tuning” of baseline gene expression as a result of their interaction with microbes, (ii) the differential response of sponges to microbial encounters varied between the species, probably due to species-specific characteristics or related to host’s traits, and (iii) immune receptors belonging to different families of NLR-like genes played a role in the differential response to microbes, whether symbionts or food bacteria. The regulation of these receptors in sponges provides further evidence of the potential role of NLRs in invertebrate host-microbe interactions. The study of sponge responses to microbes exemplifies how investigating different animal groups broadens our knowledge of the evolution of immune specificity and symbiosis.
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  • 243
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: Anthropogenic disturbances are having strong, negative effects on aquatic systems globally, altering ecological communities and potentially creating vacant niches for both native and non-native species (NNS). Globalization and new trade routes have amplified the spread and establishment of NNS by connecting disturbed areas worldwide. In this study, we conducted a comparative assessment of seasonal variations in amphipod communities at three southeastern Baltic Sea locations – two anthropogenically impacted and one protected habitat – to determine if native and NNS diversity differed among these habitats. Our study revealed nine amphipod species - of which two were NNS - across all three habitats. The impacted habitats had significantly higher native species richness and lower NNS abundance. Grandidierella japonica was the only NNS found at the impacted habitas. In the case of the protected habitat, NNS Gammarus tigrinus was dominant for most of the year. In autumn, dominance shifted in favour of the native Gammarus locusta and Microdeutopus cf. gryllotalpa. Grandidierella japonica was not detected there. Although anthropogenically impacted habitats may be under higher invasion risk, other environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, may be driving the establishment pattern of NNS and the resulting community structures. Furthermore, undisturbed and/or protected habitats may be highly vulnerable to invasions due to more tolerable environmental conditions, robust NNS populations and naïve native species to newcomers. Seasonality is an important aspect of ecological studies and must be taken into account, as omissions could potentially distort our understanding of the dynamics of ecosystems and prevent the detection of NNS.
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  • 244
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The deep seafloor of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ) hosts large deposits of polymetallic nodules that are of great commercial interest as they are rich in valuable metals such as manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt. However, mining of these nodules has the potential to severely affect the benthic fauna, whose distribution and diversity are still poorly understood. The CCZ is characterized by strong gradients in sea surface productivity and hence changes in the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor, decreasing from mesotrophic conditions in the southeast to oligotrophic conditions in the northwest. Uncovering and understanding changes in community composition and structure along this productivity gradient are challenging but important, especially in the context of future mining impacts. Here, we summarize published data on benthic annelids (polychaetes), a major component of macrobenthic communities in the CCZ. Unlike previous studies, we attempt to explore all available data based on both morphology and genetics collected by box corer and epibenthic sledge. In this regard, we specifically aimed to (a) summarize and compare morphological and molecular data in relation to surface water nutrient conditions and (b) provide recommendations to advance the studies of polychaete biodiversity. Although initial studies on polychaetes in the CCZ were performed as far back as the 1970s, there are still large data gaps further explored in our review. For example, most of the current data are from the eastern CCZ, limiting understanding of species ranges across the region. An association between polychaete communities and the available food supply was generally observed in this study. Indeed, mesotrophic conditions supported higher abundance and species richness in polychaetes as a whole, but for certain groups of species, the patterns appear to be opposite — illustrating that relationships are likely more complex at lower taxonomic levels. A better understanding of biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes requires a concerted effort involving increased sampling and sharing of data and material to close existing knowledge gaps.
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  • 245
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Es werden mögliche Beiträge geologischer und mariner Kohlenstoffspeicher für die Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen in die Atmosphäre oder für die Entnahme von bereits emittiertem CO2 aus der Atmosphäre vorgestellt. Neben der Einlagerung von CO2 in geologischen Speichern unter Land und unter dem Meeresboden werden eine forcierte CO2-Entnahme aus der Atmosphäre und Abgabe in den Ozean durch Erhöhung der Alkalinität, durch Ozeandüngung und durch das Management vegetationsreicher Küstenökosysteme untersucht. Alle Optionen können sowohl global als auch aus deutscher Perspektive eine Rolle für das Erreichen der Klimaziele spielen. Umweltverträglichkeit, Permanenz der Speicherung sowie infrastrukturelle und rechtliche Voraussetzungen, gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und wirtschaftliche Realisierbarkeit bedürfen für alle Ansätze weiterer Klärung, bevor hieraus realisierbare Optionen werden können.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 246
    Publication Date: 2024-06-10
    Description: Weather causes extremes in photovoltaic and wind power production. Here we present a comprehensive climatology of anomalies in photovoltaic and wind power production associated with weather patterns in Europe considering the 2019 and potential 2050 installations, and hourly to ten-day events. To that end, we performed kilometer-scale numerical simulations of hourly power production for 23 years and paired the output with a weather classification which allows a detailed assessment of weather-driven spatio-temporal production anomalies. Our results highlight the dependency of low-power production events on the installed capacities and the event duration. South-shifted Westerlies (Anticyclonic South-Easterlies) are associated with the lowest hourly (ten-day) extremes for the 2050 (both) installations. Regional power production anomalies can differ from the ones in the European mean. Our findings suggest that weather patterns can serve as indicators for expected photovoltaic and wind power production anomalies and may be useful for early warnings in the energy sector.
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  • 247
    Publication Date: 2024-06-14
    Description: Gas chimneys and gas clouds in the subsurface media are known as one of the indications of possible petroleum reservoirs. Investigations of their properties are mostly initiated by seismic attribute interpretation on reflection seismic data. However, due to the complexity of their behavior and their difficult interpretation of seismic attributes, state-of-the-art methods are mostly required to be applied on the seismic data to prevent any misinterpretation. This is mostly done through attribute integration and multi-attribute analysis. This research presents a study on seismic attributes and integration on several 2D seismic reflection lines from the Gorgan Plain. It is located in Northeast Iran, on the western border of the region’s well-known Kopeh-Dagh fold and thrust belt, and southeastern border of the South Caspian Basin. Hydrocarbon systems of the Gorgan Plain are poorly known and have not been widely studied, but according to preliminary investigations, this region has the potential for hydrocarbon occurrences. The aim of this study is to investigate presence and then delaminate the affected area of possible gas chimneys that are related to possible hydrocarbon reservoirs. Gas chimneys are assumed to be created due to the routes, mostly made by faults, that provoke light hydrocarbons components to migrate toward the surface. Preliminary interpretations of seismic reflection data in this study revealed that at least two gas chimneys occurred within the Gorgan Plain. As it was mentioned, since they are mostly due to the faulting above the hydrocarbon reservoir, gas chimney and heavy faulting might exhibit the same effects on the seismic data and then on its attributes, which are amplitude reduction and high damping on energies, distortion of the waveshape and seismic velocity reduction. Thus, care should be taken in separation of these two different geologic phenomena on seismic attributes. This also was done in this study through utilized integration of the most relevant seismic attributes such as Instantaneous-phase, Chaos, Variance and Remove-bias attributes. Based on the result of interpretations and according to the evolution of the basin and its structural reconstruction on other studies, gas chimneys of the Gorgan Plain, are in relation to the operation of fault zones in Cenozoic erathem in the region. These fault zones which cut the entire Cenozoic erathem, create the pathway for vertical migration of hydrocarbons through Cheleken formation (reservoir rock) and its overburden sedimentary sequences. In other words, operation of fault zones within Cenozoic sedimentary sequence, is the main reason for gas seepage in the Gorgan Plain, which is also shown in seismic data.
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  • 248
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Seismic data analysis often faces the challenge of random noise contamination from various sources. To overcome this, innovative noise attenuation methods utilizing seismic signal properties are needed. This study focuses on efficiently suppressing random noise in the domain of time and frequency by accurately estimating instantaneous frequency using the single-valued group delay characteristic of seismic signals. The time-reassigned synchrosqueezing transform (TSST) and its second-order variant (TSST2) offer high-resolution time-frequency representations (TFRs) for noise suppression. Expanding on these advancements, we propose an efficient noise suppression method that integrates the adaptive thresholding model into the TSST2 framework and employs sparse representation of the TFR through low-rank estimation. This method effectively attenuates noise while preserving essential signal information. The proposed approach operates trace by trace on recorded data, initially transforming it into a sparse subspace using TSST2. The adaptive thresholding model then decomposes the resulting TFR into sparse and semi-low-rank components, achieving a high-resolution and sparse TFR for efficient separation of noise and signal. After noise suppression, the seismic data can be fully reconstructed by inversely transforming the semi-low-rank component data into the time domain. This method addresses previous limitations in noise attenuation techniques and provides a practical solution for enhancing seismic data quality.
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  • 249
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: The macrofauna in soft sediments of the deep seafloor is generally diverse and represents a comparatively well-studied faunal group of deep-sea ecosystems. In the abyss of the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the NE Pacific, macrofauna are major contributors to benthic biodiversity. Their distribution, composition, and diversity have been frequently investigated to assess the potential impacts of future mining activities on the resident fauna. In this study, patterns of densities and community structure of CCFZ macrobenthic infauna and their relationships with a range of environmental and climatic variables were examined, with a special focus on communities from the eastern German contract area (referred to as BGR CA). However, comparisons were also made with other contractor areas (e.g., IFREMER, IOM, GSR) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Material for this study was obtained by means of a box corer during six expeditions to the CCFZ between 2013 and 2018 resulting in 148 samples. Our study uncovered notable spatial and temporal variations in both faunal densities and community composition. While areas within the BGR CA exhibited a similar community composition, slight differences were observed between the various CAs and APEI3. Surprisingly, we found an unexpected negative correlation between food availability and both macrofaunal density and community structure that may be attributed to differences in sampling methodologies and pronounced temporal variation. Furthermore, we explored the impact of climatic fluctuations associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on macrofaunal densities, observing an increase during warm (El Niño) events. Our findings underscore the challenges of accurately assessing spatial and temporal variations in the absence of standardised sampling protocols. Hence, we emphasize the importance of adopting standardised protocols to enhance data comparability, thereby fostering a deeper understanding of the underlying factors influencing spatial and temporal changes in macrofauna community structure within the CCFZ.
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  • 250
    Publication Date: 2024-06-18
    Description: Predatory non-indigenous species (NIS) have profound impacts on global ecosystems, potentially leading to native prey extinction and reshaping community dynamics. Among mechanisms potentially mediating predator impacts and prey invasion success are predator preferences between native vs. non-indigenous prey, a topic still underexplored. Using functional response and prey preference experiments, this study focused on the predation by the non-indigenous Japanese brush-clawed shore crab, Hemigrapsus takanoi, between the native gammarid Gammarus duebeni and the analogous non-indigenous Gammarus tigrinus. Although H. takanoi showed subtle differences in its functional response type between the two prey species, its preferences across their environmental frequencies were not strongly influenced by the prey invasion scenario. The findings highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of interactions in ecosystems with multiple NIS, offering fresh insights into complex feeding interactions within marine environments.
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  • 251
    Publication Date: 2024-06-26
    Description: Processes taking place within the magma plumbing system can exert an important control on the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUBs) found at magma-poor mid-ocean ridges exhibit diverse disequilibrium characteristics, which can provide vital insights for distinguishing the complex effects of melt transport from those of source heterogeneity on the compositions of MORBs. Here, we present new insights into magmatic processes using integrated petrologic and geochemical studies of the PUBs from two zones (~ 50° and ~ 64°E longitude) along the ultraslow-spreading southwest Indian ridge (SWIR). The studied PUBs have complex mineral morphologies, including skeletal and acicular crystals, glomerocrysts with open and closed structure, reverse and normally zoned crystals and external and internal resorption even in single samples. Both low- and high-Fo olivine and An plagioclase crystals are in disequilibrium with their matrix glasses. Some plagioclase phenocrysts have repeated oscillatory zoning (An77–86) going from their core to rim and an abrupt decrease in An content toward the rim. Disequilibrium Sr isotopic compositions are present at several scales: between cores and rims of plagioclase crystals, between different plagioclase crystals and between plagioclase and their host lavas. Inferred pressures of magma storage range from 0.3 to 11.3 kbar. The textural and compositional diversity of crystals together with the variability in melt compositions reflect the combined influences of source heterogeneity and magmatic processes (e.g. crystallization, assimilation and magma mixing processes) taking place within crystal mushes. Our data combined with previous studies suggest that the magmatic processes within the SWIR magma plumbing system involve formation, disaggregation and juxtaposition of crystal-rich mush zones.
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  • 252
    Publication Date: 2024-06-28
    Description: Animals have a deep evolutionary relationship with microbial symbionts, such that individual microbes or an entire microbial community can diverge alongside the host. Here, we explore these host-microbe relationships in Echinometra, a sea urchin genus that speciated with the Isthmus of Panama and throughout the Indo-West Pacific. We find that the eggs from five Echinometra species generally associate with a species-specific bacterial community and that the relatedness of these communities is largely congruent with host phylogeny. Microbiome divergence per million years was higher in more recent speciation events than in older ones. We, however, did not find any bacterial groups that displayed co-phylogeny with Echinometra. Together, these findings suggest that the evolutionary relationship between Echinometra and their microbiota operates at the community level. We find no evidence suggesting that the associated microbiota is the evolutionary driver of Echinometra speciation. Instead, divergence between Echinometra and their microbiota is likely the byproduct of ecological, geographic, and reproductive isolations.
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  • 253
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book deconstructs the core features of online misinformation and disinformation. It finds that the optimisation of emotions for commercial and political gain is a primary cause of false information online. The chapters distil societal harms, evaluate solutions, and consider what must be done to strengthen societies as new biometric forms of emotion profiling emerge. Based on a rich, empirical, and interdisciplinary literature that examines multiple countries, the book will be of interest to scholars and students of Communications, Journalism, Politics, Sociology, Science and Technology Studies, and Information Science, as well as global and local policymakers and ordinary citizens interested in how to prevent the spread of false information worldwide, both now and in the future.
    Keywords: media ecology ; emotional AI ; disinformation ; politics of emotion ; economies of emotion ; digital activism ; fake news ; political communication ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 254
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book makes a case for extending logic beyond its traditional boundaries, to encompass not only statements but also also questions. The motivations for this extension are examined in detail. It is shown that important notions, including logical answerhood and dependency, emerge as facets of the fundamental notion of entailment once logic is extended to questions, and can therefore be treated with the logician’s toolkit, including model-theoretic constructions and proof systems. After motivating the enterprise, the book describes how classical propositional and predicate logic can be made inquisitive—i.e., extended conservatively with questions—and what the resulting logics look like in terms of meta-theoretic properties and proof systems. Finally, the book discusses the tight connections between inquisitive logic and dependence logic.
    Keywords: Logic of Questions ; Inquisitive Logic ; Information Semantics ; Logic of Dependency ; Dependence Logic ; Intuitionistic Logic ; Proofs-as-Programs ; Information Types ; role of questions in logic ; Questions in propositional logic ; reasoning with questions ; Questions in first-order logic ; Questions in modal logic ; Connections with intuitionistic logic ; Connections with dependence logic ; how classical logic can be made inquisitive ; connection inquisitive, intuitionistic, dependence logic ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations
    Language: English
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  • 255
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years, there has been an increased interest in exploring the connections between various disciplines of mathematics and theoretical physics such as representation theory, algebraic geometry, quantum field theory, and string theory. One of the challenges of modern mathematical physics is to understand rigorously the idea of quantization. The program of quantization by branes, which comes from string theory, is explored in the book. This open access book provides a detailed description of the geometric approach to the representation theory of the double affine Hecke algebra (DAHA) of rank one. Spherical DAHA is known to arise from the deformation quantization of the moduli space of SL(2,C) flat connections on the punctured torus. The authors demonstrate the study of the topological A-model on this moduli space and establish a correspondence between Lagrangian branes of the A-model and DAHA modules. The finite-dimensional DAHA representations are shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with the compact Lagrangian branes. Along the way, the authors discover new finite-dimensional indecomposable representations. They proceed to embed the A-model story in an M-theory brane construction, closely related to the one used in the 3d/3d correspondence; as a result, modular tensor categories behind particular finite-dimensional representations with PSL(2,Z) action are identified. The relationship of Coulomb branch geometry and algebras of line operators in 4d N = 2* theories to the double affine Hecke algebra is studied further by using a further connection to the fivebrane system for the class S construction. The book is targeted at experts in mathematical physics, representation theory, algebraic geometry, and string theory. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Geometric representation theory ; Double affine Hecke algebra ; Topological quantum field theory ; Modular tensor category ; Symmetric functions ; Coulomb branch ; Fukaya category ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBM Geometry::PBMW Algebraic geometry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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  • 256
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book will give insights into global issues of work and work systems design from a wide range of perspectives. Topics like the impact of AI in the workplace as well as design for digital sovereignty at the workplace or foresight processes for digital work are covered. Practical cases, empirical results and theoretical considerations are not only taken from Germany and Europe, but also from Southeast Asia, South Africa, Middle America, and Australia. The book intends to expand the so far national view on the aspects of digital work (e.g. like in Ernst Hartmann’s immensely successful work “Zukunft der Arbeit in Industrie 4.0”) into an international context – thus showing not only common challenges, but also offering suggestions, best practice examples or thoughts from different global regions.
    Keywords: Digital Work ; Digital Sovereignty ; Artificial Intelligence ; Capacity Building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organization ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
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  • 257
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch geht der Autor der Frage nach, warum Technik als wesentlicher Bestandteil der Kultur in der Bildung nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung hat und begründet mit Hilfe technikphilosophischer Analysen einen Kulturreihenansatz für die Auswahl von Inhalten für den Technikunterricht. Aus dem Doppelauftrag von Schule, Persönlichkeitsbildung und Enkulturation wird zunächst ein Interaktionsmodell für Bildung und Erziehung abgeleitet. Das Problem der Inhaltsauswahl jeder Fachdidaktik wird mit einem Modell zur Verknüpfung von Allgemeiner Didaktik und Fachwissenschaften gelöst. Darin wird die Technikphilosophie als fehlende Bezugswissenschaft identifiziert, um Aussagen zum Wesen der Technik zu ermöglichen. Durch die Analyse technikphilosophischer Ansätze wird der Technikbegriff um eine ästhetische und eine Sinn- und Wertperspektive erweitert. Aus diesem Technikbegriff ergeben sich pädagogische Perspektiven für den Technikunterricht, die schließlich über einen Kulturreihenansatz zu einem Kern Technischer Allgemeinbildung führen. Durch den Kulturreihenansatz wird begründet umrissen, wie die kulturelle Bedeutung der Technik bildungswirksam werden kann.
    Keywords: Technik ; Technikphilosophie ; Erziehung ; Kultur ; Bildung ; Fachdidaktik ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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  • 258
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book challenges the contemporary relevance of the current model of knowledge production. It argues that the full digitisation of society sharply accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic has added extreme complexity to the world, conclusively exposing the inadequacy of our current model of knowledge creation. Addressing many of the different ways in which reality has been transformed by technology – the pervasive adoption of big data, the fetishisation of algorithms and automation, and the digitalisation of education and research – Viola examines how the rigid conceptualisation in disciplines’ division and competition is complicit of promoting a narrative which has paired computational methods with exactness and neutrality whilst stigmatising consciousness and criticality as carriers of biases and inequality. Taking the humanities as a focal point, the author retraces schisms in the field between the humanities, the digital humanities and critical digital humanities; these are embedded, she argues, within old dichotomies: sciences vs humanities, digital vs non-digital and authentic vs non-authentic. Through the analysis of personal use cases and exploring a variety of applied contexts such as digital heritage practices, digital linguistic injustice, critical digital literacy and critical digital visualisation, the book shows a third way: knowledge creation in the digital.
    Keywords: Digital Hermeneutics ; digital history ; data humanities ; digital turn ; computational methods ; metadata ; information technology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
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  • 259
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes revised selected papers from the International Workshops held at the 4th International Conference on Process Mining, ICPM 2022, which took place in Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, during October 23–28, 2022. The conference focuses on the area of process mining research and practice, including theory, algorithmic challenges, and applications. The co-located workshops provided a forum for novel research ideas. The 42 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 89 submissions. They stem from the following workshops: – 3rd International Workshop on Event Data and Behavioral Analytics (EDBA) – 3rd International Workshop on Leveraging Machine Learning in Process Mining (ML4PM) – 3rd International Workshop on Responsible Process Mining (RPM) (previously known as Trust, Privacy and Security Aspects in Process Analytics) – 5th International Workshop on Process-Oriented Data Science for Healthcare (PODS4H) – 3rd International Workshop on Streaming Analytics for Process Mining (SA4PM) – 7th International Workshop on Process Querying, Manipulation, and Intelligence (PQMI) – 1st International Workshop on Education meets Process Mining (EduPM) – 1st International Workshop on Data Quality and Transformation in Process Mining (DQT-PM)
    Keywords: process mining ; process discovery ; process analytics ; process querying ; conformance checking ; predictive process monitoring ; data science ; knowledge graphs ; event data ; streaming analytics ; machine learning ; deep learning ; business process management ; health informatics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBH Digital and information technologies: Health and safety aspects
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  • 260
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This open access book explores the idea that corporate rhetoric can be a force for good. In developing a new framework for analysis and discussion of green marketing, the authors argue that corporate environmental rhetoric can be harnessed to contribute to climate transition and a more sustainable market economy. The work explores the transformative power inherent in green promises and sets a vision of what green marketers should strive for. Engaging with selected research on organizational theory, the authors negotiate the conflicting paradigms of rhetorical theory and their relation to the study of corporate legitimation practices. The resulting theoretical framework provides an analytical scheme that can be useful in various disciplines – such as sociology, economics, law, marketing theory, and communication. It also illustrates how we can find new answers to contemporary challenges by re-imagining rhetoric. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: climate rhetoric ; Sustainability ; Greenwashing ; qualitative analysis of communication ; rhetorical studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJS Sales and marketing::KJSP Public relations ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJS Sales and marketing ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
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  • 261
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book explores the past and present of Quanzhou (Zayton) and the rich diversity and tolerance that kindled Quanzhou’s innovativeness and helped it prosper both commercially and culturally—values that are today being embraced by China’s global trade partners. Quanzhou (Zayton), Marco Polo’s port of departure and Columbus’ goal in China, was not only the start of the Maritime Silk Road and the Middle Age’s greatest port but also centuries ahead of its time in its tolerance and diversity. The fabled “City of Light” had 7 mosques for its 40,000 Muslims, some of whom served in government, as well as 3 Franciscan cathedrals funded in part by the emperor, Jewish synagogues, and centers for Nestorian Christians, Hindus, Taoists, Manicheans, Jains, etc. As Franciscan Bishop Andrew of Perugia wrote in 1322, “Tis a fact that in this vast empire, there are people of every nation under heaven, and every sect, and all and sundry are allowed to live freely according to their creed.” In 2021, UNESCO designated “Quanzhou, Emporium of the World,” as a world heritage site, and the city is now the hub of the Belt and Road Initiative, the 21st Century Silk Road, which was inspired by ancient Quanzhou.
    Keywords: Maritime Silk Road ; Admiral Zheng He and Sinbad ; Chinese White Porcelain ; Chinese Marionettes ; Koxinga and Zhengchenggong ; Southern Shaolin Kung Fu ; Belt and Road Initiative ; Islam in China ; Ibn Battuta in China ; Nestorian Christians in China ; China UNESCO World Heritage ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch. Trotz des schnellen Wachstums des Anteils der Bevölkerung in einem Alter ab 80 Jahren an der Gesamtbevölkerung ist das Wissen über diese Bevölkerungsgruppe bislang gering. Zwar gibt es thematisch, methodisch und regional spezifische Studien, jedoch keine repräsentative Erfassung der Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität dieser Altersgruppe für den gesamtdeutschen Raum. Eine gute Datenlage ist jedoch notwendig: Zum einen, um den besonderen Unterstützungsbedarfen im hohen Alter zukünftig besser gerecht werden zu können. Zum anderen, um Lösungsansätze für sozialpolitische Herausforderungen wie der sozialen Sicherung im Alter sowie im Hinblick auf eine Generationengerechtigkeit entwickeln zu können. Schließlich, um negativen Altersbildern und Vorurteilen über die Lebensqualität im hohen Alter empirisch fundiert entgegenwirken zu können. Die Studie "Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ (D80+) ist eine bundesweit repräsentative Querschnittsbefragung der hochaltrigen Menschen in Privathaushalten und in Heimen. Sie wird vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gefördert und gemeinsam vom Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health (ceres) und dem Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen (DZA) durchgeführt. Die Studie vereint Perspektiven der an den beteiligten Institutionen verorteten Disziplinen wie Soziologie, Psychologie, Versorgungswissenschaften, Gerontologie und Medizin. Im vorliegenden Band werden zentrale Befunde u.a. zu den Themenbereichen Soziale und Digitale Teilhabe, Gesundheit und Versorgung, sowie Werte und subjektives Wohlbefinden vorgestellt.
    Keywords: Hochaltrigkeit ; Hochaltrige Menschen ; Generationengerechtigkeit ; Lebensqualität ; Pflegebedürftigkeit
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book is the first of a two-volume series focusing on how people are being enabled or constrained to live well in today’s world, and how to bring into reality a world worth living in for all. The chapters offer unique narratives drawing on the perspectives of diverse groups such as: asylum-seeking and refugee youth in Australia, Finland, Norway and Scotland; young climate activists in Finland; Australian Aboriginal students, parents and community members; families of children who tube feed in Australia; and international research students in Sweden. The chapters reveal not just that different groups have different ideas about a world worth living in, but also show that, through their collaborative research initiative, the authors and their research participants were bringing worlds like these into being. The volume extends an invitation to readers and researchers in education and the social sciences to consider ways to foster education that realises transformed selves and transformed worlds: the good for each person, the good for humankind, and the good for the community of life on the planet. The book also includes theoretical chapters providing the background and rationale behind the notion of education as initiating people into ‘living well in a world worth living in'. An introductory chapter discusses the origins of the concept and the phrase.
    Keywords: Living well in a world worth living in ; Theory of practice architectures ; Cultural-discursive arrangements ; Material-economic arrangements ; Social-political arrangements ; Sayings, doings and relatings ; double purpose of education ; PEP International ; Pedagogy, education, and praxis ; Educational Praxis in Australia, Finland.. ; Global practices of social justice ; Global practices of sustainability ; Global practices of wellbeing ; Global practices of praxis ; Eco-social recognition through education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book shows some of the highlights presented at the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering. The papers explore the forefront of Mechanical Engineering, containing research into fluid mechanics, energy systems, tribology, materials science, robotics, mechatronics, biomechanics, instrumentation, thermodynamics, and mechanical sustainability.
    Keywords: Thermal engineering ; Manufacturing processes ; Numerical methods ; Robotics ; Metallurgy ; Fluid mechanics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open-access book aims to highlight the coming surge of 5G network-based applications and predicts that the centralized networks and their current capacity will be incapable of meeting the demands. The book emphasizes the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of 5G networks with varied applications. Further, the book gathers and investigates the most recent 5G-based research solutions that handle security and privacy threats while considering resource-constrained wireless devices. The information, applications, and recent advances discussed in this book will serve to be of immense help to practitioners, database professionals, and researchers.
    Keywords: 5G Mobile Communication ; B5G Networks ; 6G Networks ; Mobile Computation ; Wireless Communication ; Satellite Broadcasting ; Cellular Networks ; Spectrum ; Data Analysis ; Convergence ; Security ; Quality of Service ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UK Computer hardware::UKN Network hardware
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: This open access short reader investigates how migration has become an increasingly important issue in international relations since the turn of the 21st century. It investigates specific aspects of this migration diplomacy such as double citizenship or bilateral agreements on border controls which can become important tools for bargain or pressure. This short reader also discusses the intersections between migration and international relations concerning issues of global governance such as conflicts and refugees, development and mobility, or environmental migration. The book thereby shows the extent of bargaining involved in migration and international relations, the so called “soft diplomacy of migrations” as seen in the EU/Turkish agreement on borders in 2016, or the EU negotiations with Maghreb or Sub-Saharan countries on read missions against development programs and visas. As such this reader provides a must read to students, academics, researchers and policy makers and everyone who wants to learn more about the international relations aspects of migration governance.
    Keywords: Citizenship and multiculturalism ; Diasporas and transnationalism ; Refugee crises ; Bilateral agreements on border controls ; Double citizenship ; Conflicts and refugees ; Development and mobility ; Environmental migration ; Migrations policies ; Past refugee crises ; Migration as a soft diplomacy ; Externalization of borders ; Diasporic policies as transnational actors challenging states ; Citizenship in comparative perspective ; Development and migration ; International relations at North-South level ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Das vorliegende Open-Access-Buch folgt der übergreifenden Fragestellung, ob ein Kritiklernen im institutionell gebundenen politischen Unterricht möglich ist. Diese Fragestellung wird nicht aus einer institutionen- und schulsoziologischen, sondern aus einer lerntheoretischen und politikdidaktischen Perspektive entwickelt. Der Analysefokus richtet sich damit auf die Frage, wie subjektorientierte Lernprozesse in einer Gesellschaft strukturiert werden können, die durch spezifische soziale Verhältnisse geprägt ist. Das Kernanliegen der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht in der Erschließung der Gedankenwelt Antonio Gramscis für die aktuelle lerntheoretische und politikdidaktische Debatte. Dabei soll der Nachweis der analytischen Ergiebigkeit zentraler Kategorien aus den Schriften Antonio Gramscis, insbesondere der Hegemonie und des Alltagsverstandes, über den Weg einer systematischen Reflexion einschlägiger Sinnbildkonstruktionen geführt werden, denen in der aktuellen Fachdebatte eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt. Aus einer hegemonietheoretisch gestützten konstruktiven Kritik der Sinnbildkonstruktionen werden Schlussfolgerungen für eine Theorie von Bildungs- und Lernprozessen gezogen, die sich in den Kontext der kritischen politischen Bildung einordnen lassen.
    Keywords: Politikdidaktik ; Kritische politische Bildung ; Sinnbilder ; Antonio Gramsci ; Alltagsverstand ; Lernprozesse ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book is a practitioner's guide to smart, connected products and solutions. As a hands-on playbook, it combines the business and technical execution perspectives to help product companies, OEMs, manufacturers and equipment operators utilize the full potential of digital enablers, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and Digital Twins. The Digital Playbook provides comprehensive and actionable guidance, helping to address the challenges of creating sustainable and scalable digital business models, managing cocreation and sourcing, setting up the digital organization, and handling the legal aspects. For the technical execution perspective, the playbook includes the AIoT Framework, which explains how to combine data science and AI engineering with Digital Twins, as well as software development for cloud and edge. The integration with physical product development and retrofit integration of existing equipment is included as well. A pragmatic, agile approach is introduced that takes common agile inhibitors into consideration. A holistic AIoT DevOps approach is described, which combines key elements of DevOps for cloud, edge and AI. Enterprise readiness is ensured by looking at trust and security as well as reliability and resilience for AIoT. A large number of real-world examples and case studies help ensure practical relevance. Readers should have a previous, general understanding of digital strategies and technologies. This book offers readers a clear understanding of the opportunities, as well as the challenges related to building and operating smart, connected products and solutions. They are given a set of tools and blueprints, which they can apply to their practical work in this space. ;
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence of Things ; Digital OEM ; Product AI ; AIoT DevOps ; Data management ; agile cloud development ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents the proceedings of the 10th Machine Intelligence and Digital Interaction Conference. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly affecting more aspects of our lives as a result of significant advancements in its research and the widespread usage of interactive technologies. This has led to the birth of several new social phenomena. Many nations have been working to comprehend these phenomena and discover solutions for moving artificial intelligence development in the proper direction to benefit individuals and communities at large. These efforts necessitate multidisciplinary approaches, encompassing not only the scientific fields involved in the creation of artificial intelligence and human–computer interaction but also strong collaboration between academics and practitioners. Because of this, the primary objective of the MIDI conference, which was conducted online on December 13–15, 2022, is to combine two up until recently distinct disciplines of research—artificial intelligence and human–technology interaction.
    Keywords: Computational Intelligence ; AI ; MIDI 2022 ; MIDI ; Machine Intelligence ; Digital Interaction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Diese Open-Access-Publikation untersucht die Akzeptanz der sächsischen Bevölkerung gegenüber Energie- und Rohstoffvorhaben sowie die Eignung von Kommunikationsmaßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Akzeptanzniveaus. Die Bürger:innen werden erstmals repräsentativ zu ihrer (In-)Akzeptanz gegenüber Anlagearten befragt. Dabei wird nachgewiesen, dass die Akzeptanz bei lokalen Projekten immer geringer ist als soziopolitisch. Bei den erneuerbaren Energieumwandlungsanlagen ist die Akzeptanz gegenüber Wasserkraft- und Solaranlagen am höchsten, gegenüber Biomasseanlagen am geringsten. Fossile Energieumwandlungsanlagen sind weniger akzeptiert und Tage- und Untertagebaue werden am schlechtesten bewertet. Eine vergleichende Befragung der Unternehmensvertreter:innen des Energie- und Rohstoffsektors ergibt eine Dissonanz der von ihnen angenommenen zur erfassten (In-)Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung: Das Akzeptanzniveau ist unabhängig von der Art des Vorhabens geringer, als es die Unternehmensvertreter:innen annehmen. Die Erkenntnisse werden genutzt, um eine Webapplikation zu entwickeln, die es insbesondere kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen ermöglicht, zur Akzeptanzsteigerung geeignete Kommunikationsmaßnahmen auszuwählen.
    Keywords: Akzeptanz ; erneuerbare Energie ; Akzeptanzkommunikation ; KMU ; Energie ; Rohstoffe ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023-04-18
    Description: This open access book provides insight into the domestic space of people with an immigrant or refugee background. It selects and compares a whole spectrum of dwelling conditions with ethnographic material covering a variety of national backgrounds – Latin America, North and West Africa, Eastern Europe, South Asia – and an equally broad range of housing, household and legal arrangements. It provides a fine-grained understanding of migrants’ lived experience of their domestic space and shows the critical significance of the lived space of a house as a microcosm of societal constellations of identities, values and inequalities. The book enhances the connection between migration studies and research into housing, social reproduction, domesticity and material culture and provides an interesting read to scholars in migration studies, policy makers and practitioners with a remit in local housing and integration policies. “This wonderful edited collection extends our understanding of migration not only into the confines of the domestic space but also into the territory of the ethnographer. What does it mean to be a guest in a migrant home? This collection of chapters traverses this question in diverse settings and circumstances of homemaking […]. Boccagni and Bonfanti have skilfully created an intricate lace of ethnographic accounts that provides a nuanced understanding of the built environments where migrants live, how they relate to their homes and how this is articulated in their attitudes toward majority society. The chapters, each on its own and together as a collection, advance our understanding of the researcher being a guest in the migrant home, just like the migrant being a guest in the host country. This complexity of ethnography and positionality makes this edited book an essential reading for migration scholars and ethnographers alike!” Iris Levin, Lecturer in Urban Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia “This book demonstrates how ethnographies of home and dwelling can bear on the study of migration and its manifestation in domestic space. Entering someone’s home as a researcher challenges our ethical registers: the researcher moves between being a stranger and a guest. The authors point to the dilemmas researchers encounter in intimate settings and how they might be resolved. A valuable and timely book for researchers on dwelling, home and movement.” Cathrine Brun, Professor of Human Geography, Centre for Lebanese Studies, Oxford, UK "This excellent collection delves into the relationship between migration, domesticity, and material culture. It is ethnographically rich and impressively varied in its geographical scope, with insights that will prove extremely useful to scholars and practitioners alike. The great strength of the volume lies in the fascinating diversity, granular detail and methodological care of the contributions, with authors deploying concepts and arguments that prepare a great deal of fertile ground for future work." Tom Scott-Smith, Associate Professor of Refugee Studies and Forced Migration, University of Oxford “This insightful collection departs from the simple yet significant question of roles: What happens when the researcher/participant relationship, becomes guest/host instead? By seeing and interpreting domestic spaces as ethnographic field sites, the contributions shed light on refugees’ and other migrants’ lived experiences of home and housing. Drawing on empirical evidence from diverse types of homes, across geographic locations, Migration and domestic space: Ethnographies of home in the making offers valuable and fresh perspective, encouraging new connections between material and emotional, public and private, in migration research.” Marta Bivand Erdal, Research Professor in Migration studies, Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
    Keywords: Migrant houses ; Migration, house and housing ; Diasporas ; Migration and hospitality ; Homemaking in a multicultural condominium ; Multigenerational immigrant households ; Migration and shared flats ; Compartmentalised migrant home ; Immigrant returnee communities ; Refugees and asylum centres ; Common, domestic and private space ; Houses of worship as homes out of the home ; Home in migrants’ houses ; Migrant domestic space ; Remittance houses ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFN Migration, immigration & emigration ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: This open access book examines regulating an environment that has no jurisdiction, is fully anonymous and infinitely vast? Welcome to the Metaverse, an online virtual reality that is expected to add billions to the global economy. The Metaverse offers a new type of virtual economy with practically endless business opportunities. The question is how to prevent these opportunities from being abused to commit money laundering and finance terrorism (MLFT). This book explores the current European Union legislation designed to prevent MLFT in connection with the Metaverse. It analyses the legislation in relation to the three traditional stages of MLFT: placement, layering and integration. Furthermore, some additional risks specific to the Metaverse are discussed, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and the high level of anonymity. The book concludes that the current legislation is not suitable for facing the new challenges of the Metaverse. In turn, the book puts forward a novel approach to regulating and enforcing MLFT legislation: using a system of smart assets equipped with AI to prevent and detect MLFT. In addition, it makes recommendations on how to improve the legal framework with regard to the new challenges arising from the Metaverse. Particular attention is given to creating a legal framework that incorporates the use of smart assets and the Internet of Things, in order to provide a safe environment for potential users and society. With a solid background in financial law and technology, the author successfully creates a novel system of regulation and enforcement that is based on the use of automatic enforcement, whilst keeping sufficient legal safeguards in place for potential Metaverse users. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in the Metaverse. Whether you want to regulate it or open your own virtual business, it’s a must-read!
    Keywords: Metaverse ; Regulating virtual environments ; EU Directive Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism ; Artificial intelligence ; Cryptocurrency ; Economy ; Algorithms ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBM International economic & trade law
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book evaluates research quality, quality of teaching and the relationship between the two through sound statistical methods, and in a comparative perspective with other European countries. In so doing, it covers an increasingly important topic for universities that affects university funding. It discusses whether university evaluation should be limited to a single factor or consider multiple dimensions of research, since academic careers, teaching and awarding degrees are intertwined. The chapters included in the book evaluate teaching and research, also taking the gender dimension into account, in order to understand where and when gender discrimination occurs in assessment. Divided into five sections, the book analyses the administrative data on the determinants of career completion of university students; increasing precariousness of academic careers, especially of young researchers; methods designed to assess research productivity when co-authorship and team production are becoming the standard practice; and interrelations between students’ achievements and teachers’ careers driven by research assessment. It brings together contributions from a large group of economists, statisticians and social scientists working under a project sponsored by ANVUR, the Italian agency for the evaluation of teaching and research of academic institutions. From an international perspective, the findings in this book are particularly interesting because despite low tuition costs, tertiary education in Italy has relatively low enrolment rates and even lower completion rates compared to those in other European and American countries. This book is of interest to researchers of the sociology of education, education policy, public administration, economics and statistics of education, and to administrators and policy makers working in the area of higher education.
    Keywords: student careers ; student dropouts ; research evaluation ; Research collaborations ; teaching evaluation ; career completion of university students ; precariousness of academic careers ; PISA ; VQR ; academic funding ; academic careers and fertility decisions ; gender and academic careers ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book is a compilation of selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Civil Engineering (ICCE2022). The work focuses on novel research findings on seismic technology of civil engineering structures, High-tech construction materials, digitalization of civil engineering, urban underground space development. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers and engineers.
    Keywords: Civil Engineering ; Construction and Structural Mechanics ; Building Materials ; Seismic Engineering ; Transportation and Traffic ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNH Highway and traffic engineering
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2023, which was held as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2023, during April 22-27, 2023, in Paris, France. The 56 full papers and 6 short tool demonstration papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 169 submissions. The proceedings also contain 1 invited talk in full paper length, 13 tool papers of the affiliated competition SV-Comp and 1 paper consisting of the competition report. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in rigorously based tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference aims to bridge the gaps between different communities with this common interest and to support them in their quest to improve the utility, reliability, flexibility, and efficiency of tools and algorithms for building computer-controlled systems.
    Keywords: Computer Science ; Informatics ; Conference Proceedings ; Research ; Applications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book consists of essays selected from Joseph S. Nye, Jr.’s last three decades of writing and illustrate a variety of perspectives on the nature of power, the role of the United States in the world and US-China relations. Through this collection, it is hoped that readers will gain a better understanding of today’s global environment and find that while great power competition may be inevitable in a world as centers of power shift, cooperating to address transnational challenges can be a positive sum game. The contents of this book are divided into four main parts. Part One discusses the origins and political progress of the concept of “Soft Power”. Part Two explores soft power in the American experience, its sources and interaction with US foreign policy, as well as its ebb and flow in the age of Obama, Trump and Biden. Part Three examines the rise of and the opportunities and difficulties for Chinese soft power, focusing on China’s investment in soft power and how this demonstrates its commitment to a peaceful rise. However, it also addresses the question of how can China get “smart” on how it uses soft power. Part Four provides a bird’s-eye view of power shifts in the 21st century and the interactions between the US as an established power and China as a rising power, while also reassuring readers that Thucydidean fears are unnecessary and a Cold War is avoidable. Both countries have to realize that some forms of power must be exercised with others, not over others, the development of soft power need not be a zero-sum game. Ultimately, the US-China relationship is a “cooperative rivalry” where a successful strategy of “smart competition” is necessary and cooperation on transnational challenges like climate change, pandemics, cyberterrorism and nuclear proliferation, will serve to benefit not only China and the US, but the world as a whole.
    Keywords: Soft Power ; US-China Relations ; China Rising ; Smart Power ; Nye Report ; The Kindleberger Trap ; Cooperative Rivalry ; Interdependence ; Liberal International Order ; Moral Foreign Policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTQ Globalization
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This open access book is a rare example of the ethnographic study of investigative journalism. This book explores entrepreneurial attempts to combine traditional investigative journalism with alternative ways of organising this work. It transcends watershed investigative projects in favour of the ways in which new actors (citizens, technologists, bloggers and local reporters, among others) join experienced investigative journalists in experiments with the practices of watchdog journalism in the digital era. Cases include Bristol Cable, Bureau Local and the Korea Center for Investigative Journalism, as well as Forbidden Stories. The book also includes two chapters on the impact of COVID-19 upon the development of cross-disciplinary work in a traditional newsroom and in the larger media ecosystems of both Norway and China. This is a timely book for journalism students, scholars and investigative reporters, who share a passion for this form of journalism.
    Keywords: Investigative journalism ; digital technology ; cross border collaboration ; Wikileaks ; BuzzFeed ; Bureau Local ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTP Publishing industry and journalism::KNTP2 News media and journalism
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    Springer Nature | Springer VS
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit ist eine neue, mediale Thematisierung sexueller Gewalt durch pädagogische Fachkräfte seit 2010. Dieser wird zu Beginn der Arbeit als Gegenstand seine ambivalenten Folgen dargestellt. Zum einen entwickelte sich ein großes Potential für Prävention, Intervention und längst überfällige Aufarbeitung. Zum anderen kommt es zu einem gesellschaftlichen Generalverdacht gegen pädagogische Fachkräfte. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt die Arbeit die Frage: Vor welchen Herausforderungen stehen pädagogische Fachkräfte der Heimerziehung angesichts des neuen, öffentlichen Diskurses über sexuelle Gewalt gegen Schutzbefohlene? Anhand von sechs Gruppendiskussionen mit Teams, aus der Heimerziehung, wird mittels der Dokumentarischen Methode rekonstruiert, dass die Fachkräfte sich im Zuge des öffentlichen Diskurses unter Generalverdacht gestellt fühlen. Empirisch kann gezeigt werden, dass das Thema sexuelle Gewalt durch diesen und fünf weitere Anlässe für die Fachkräfte relevant wird (Ausbildung, biografische Betroffenheit, institutionelle Bedingungen, Tatverdacht/Gewalttaten und kindliche Bedürfnisse nach Versorgung und Nähe). Der subjektiv wahrgenommene Generalverdacht geht für die Fachkräfte einher mit der Angst vor Repressalien gegen die eigene Person oder Kolleg*innen. Kindliche Bedürfnisse nach Nähe werden für die Fachkräfte vor dem Hintergrund zum Risiko. Gehen sie den Bedürfnissen fachlich angemessen nach, glauben sie Gefahr zu laufen, sexueller Gewalt bezichtigt zu werden. Sie stehen vor einem professionellen Dilemma und müssen den Schutz der eigenen Person gegen die Nähebedürfnisse der Kinder und Jugendlichen abwägen. Die Folge ist distanziert(ere)s und technokratisches Handeln, welches je nach konzeptioneller Perspektive unprofessionell und im Hinblick auf die Bedürfnisse der Kinder und Jugendlichen verletzend sein kann. Um der Herausforderung zu begegnen, haben die Fachkräfte Bewältigungsstrategien entwickelt. Diese sind davon abhängig, (1) ob die Fachkräfte sich vorstellen können, dass eine*r ihrer Kolleg*innen sexuelle Gewalt verübt, (2) inwieweit sich Fachkräfte für ein Nähebedürfnis der Kinder und Jugendlichen verantwortlich fühlen (familienanalog vs. nicht familienanalog) und (3) wie sich der Umgang der Organisation mit der medialen Thematisierung darstellt. Als ein weiterer Ergebnisstrang kann in der Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass sexuelle Gewalt durch eigene Kolleg*innen nicht, bzw. nur sehr schwer vorstellbar ist. Diese „Undenkbarkeit“ ist in die Sprache der Beforschten eingeschrieben. Die Arbeit zeigt, wie dieser fehlende Wahrnehmungshorizont das Handeln der Fachkräfte beeinflusst. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
    Keywords: sexuelle Gewalt in pädagogischen Institutionen ; Generalverdacht ; Heimerziehung ; Dokumentarische Methode ; pädagogische Nähe ; Denkunmöglichkeit sexueller Gewalt ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
    Language: German
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  • 279
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access book contributes to the discourse of Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) from an African perspective. It is a unique collection that brings together prominent AI scholars to discuss AI ethics from theoretical and practical African perspectives and makes a case for African values, interests, expectations and principles to underpin the design, development and deployment (DDD) of AI in Africa. The book is a first in that it pays attention to the socio-cultural contexts of Responsible AI that is sensitive to African cultures and societies. It makes an important contribution to the global AI ethics discourse that often neglects AI narratives from Africa despite growing evidence of DDD in many domains. Nine original contributions provide useful insights to advance the understanding and implementation of Responsible AI in Africa, including discussions on epistemic injustice of global AI ethics, opportunities and challenges, an examination of AI co-bots and chatbots in an African work space, gender and AI, a consideration of African philosophies such as Ubuntu in the application of AI, African AI policy, and a look towards a future of Responsible AI in Africa. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; AI Ecosystems in Africa ; AI ethics ; digital culture ; SDGs ; Sustainable Development Goals ; AI policy ; ICT infrastructure in Africa ; AI governance ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 280
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This volume, a follow up to Reimagining Science Education in the Anthropocene (2021), continues a transdisciplinary conversation around reconceptualizing science education in the era of the Anthropocene. Drawing educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together in a creative work that helps reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with this contemporary geologic time. This work continues the mission of transforming the ways communities inherit science and technology education: its knowledges, practices, policies, and ways-of-living-with-Nature. Our understanding of the Anthropocene is necessarily open and pluralistic, as different beings on our planet experience this time of crisis in different ways. This second volume continues to nurture productive relationships between science education and fields such as science studies, environmental studies, philosophy, the natural sciences, Indigenous studies, and critical theory in order to provoke a science education that actively seeks to remake our shared ecological and social spaces in the coming decades and centuries. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: curriculum studies ; science education ; anthropocene ; environmental education ; educational justice ; materialisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy & theory of education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education
    Language: English
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  • 281
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book presents an overview of recent advances in photonic neural networks with spatiotemporal dynamics. The computing and implementation paradigms presented in this book are outcomes of interdisciplinary studies by collaborative researchers from the three fields of nonlinear mathematical science, information photonics, and integrated systems engineering. This book offers novel multidisciplinary viewpoints on photonic neural networks, illustrating recent advances in three types of computing methodologies: fluorescence energy transfer computing, spatial-photonic spin system, and photonic reservoir computing. The book consists of four parts: Part I introduces the backgrounds of optical computing and neural network dynamics; Part II presents fluorescence energy transfer computing, a novel computing technology based on nanoscale networks of fluorescent particles; Parts III and IV review the models and implementation of spatial-photonic spin systems and photonic reservoir computing, respectively. These contents are beneficial to researchers in a broad range of fields, including information science, mathematical science, applied physics, and engineering, to better understand the novel computing concepts of photonic neural networks with spatiotemporal dynamics.
    Keywords: photonic neural network ; spatiotemporal dynamics ; optical computing ; nonlinear dynamics ; fluorescence energy transfer ; Ising machine ; reservoir computing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWR Nonlinear science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book explores climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation in Central Asia and discusses policy options for the Central Asian governments. To address the urgent need for local scholarship on climate change in Central Asia, and in particular the need for more research by social scientists, this book features a wide range of contributions on climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation in the region. Each chapter makes an important contribution to social science scholarship on climate change and decarbonization in Central Asia. Topics include decarbonization opportunities, carbon pricing instruments, the geo-economics of the energy transition, the relationship between human mobility and climate change. The book thus offers valuable insights for both academics and policymakers.
    Keywords: Climate change in Central Asia ; Climate change knowledge ; Decarbonization ; Climate policy in Central Asia ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Climate Change Research ; Carbon Pricing ; Energy Transition ; Geoeconomics of Energy Transition ; Eco-Activism and Entrepreneurship ; Energy security ; Energy economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book assesses how the Covid-19 pandemic caught higher education systems throughout the world by surprise. It maps out the responses of higher education institutions to the challenges and strategic opportunities brought about by the pandemic, and examines the effects such responses may have. Bringing together scholars and case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, the book is both comparative and global in nature. It also brings together researchers from a variety of disciplinary fields, including political scientists, historians, economists, sociologist, and anthropologists. In doing so, the book fosters an inter-disciplinary dialogue and inclusive methodological approach for unpacking the complexities associated with modern higher education systems and institutions.
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Global higher education ; Universities ; Strategic responses ; Resilience ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Language: English
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  • 284
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    Springer Nature | J.B. Metzler
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Literatur hat nicht selten Recht als ihren Gegenstand, und Recht regelt Literatur auf vielfältige Weise. Diese gegenseitige Vergegenständlichung, zusammengefasst unter dem Begriff der „Materialität“, geschieht in verschiedenen Formen und erfüllt unterschiedliche Funktionen. Daraus ergibt sich eine Fülle von Fragen zur normativen Qualität des Rechts und zu den kulturellen Reflexionsleistungen der Literatur. Der Band fragt daneben auch konkreter nach der Rechtsförmigkeit des Fiktiven, der narrativen Ordnung von Rechtstexten, der historischen Wandelbarkeit des Verhältnisses von Recht und Literatur oder den rechtlichen Bedingungen des Buchmarktes.​ Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
    Keywords: Persönlichkeitsrechte ; Souvereignity of Interpretation ; Copyright ; Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung ; Pitaval ; Jodocus D.H. Temme ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::L Law
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This open access book examines the teaching and learning of English for employability in Vietnamese higher education. Its content is framed within one country to better examine the research issues within the influence of contextual factors. This book investigates how English can contribute to the development of students' employability capitals, particularly in the aspects of human capital, social capital, cultural capital, identity capital, and psychological capital. It presents employers' and employees’ perspectives of how and why English is increasingly important for career development. This book is a collection of discussions and viewpoints from teachers, students, and other stakeholders like employers, graduates, and course coordinators on current practices and their proposed improvements to prepare students for their future education, work and life. Based on empirical evidence, this book calls for repositioning English language education within the employability agenda to elevate its status and increase stakeholders' engagement. This book contributes to current debates on advancing the effectiveness of English language education in non-English speaking countries, as a response to internationalization and globalization.
    Keywords: English Language Policies in Asian Countries ; English Language Competency ; English Language Teaching Methods ; Graduate Employability Capital ; Human Capital ; Social Capital ; Cultural Capital ; Career Identity ; Psychological Capital ; Skill Gap ; Learning Motivation ; Curriculum Development ; Mismatches Between Teaching Approach and Learning Needs ; TESOL and Graduate Employability ; Foreign Language Policy in Asia ; English as a Second Language ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 286
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access book is compilation of selected papers from 2nd International Conference on Innovative Solutions in Hydropower Engineering and Civil Engineering (HECE 2022). The work focuses on novel techniques for topics in hydropower and sustainable development, maximizing and communicating the multiple benefits of hydro, the food-water-energy nexus approach, synergy among the renewables, making hydro more competitive (managing and mitigating risk), regional development through power trading, hydropower technology, civil engineering, materials for dams and appurtenant works, advances in design and construction techniques, recent developments in dam construction, monitoring and engineering for safe structures and sites. Hydropower offers significant potential for carbon emissions reductions. The installed capacity of hydropower by the end of 2008 contributed 16% of worldwide electricity supply, and hydropower remains the largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, engineers in the industry, and regulators of hydropower and civil engineering authorities.
    Keywords: Computer Science ; Informatics ; Conference Proceedings ; Research ; Applications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access volume offers original essays on how motherhood and mothering are represented in contemporary fiction and life writing across several national contexts. Providing a broad range of perspectives in terms of geopolitical places, thematic concerns, and theoretical and interdisciplinary approaches, it demonstrates the significance of literary narratives for understanding and critiquing motherhood and mothering as social phenomena and subjective experiences. The chapters contextualize motherhood and mothering in terms of their particular national and cultural location and analyze narratives about mothers who are firmly placed in one national context, as well as those who are in “in-between” positions due to migrant experiences. The contributions foreground and link together the themes central to the volume: embodied experience and maternal embodiment; notions of what is “normal” or natural (or not) about motherhood; maternal health and illness; mother-daughter relations; maternality and memory; and the (im)possibilities of giving voice to the mother. They raise questions about how motherhood and mothering are marked by absence and/or presence, as well as by profound ambivalences.
    Keywords: motherhood ; maternality ; maternal voice ; representations ; childlessness ; life writing ; fiction ; memoir ; mother-daughter relationships ; transgender ; family studies ; kinship ; fertility ; migration ; abortion ; resistance ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family and relationships ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population and demography ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 288
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Diese Open-Access-Publikation befasst sich mit den vielfältigen Entscheidungsprozessen, mit denen der Bieterwettbewerb um öffentliche Aufträge gestaltet wird und fragt, inwieweit dabei versucht wird, gute Arbeitsbedingungen für die Beschäftigten beauftragter Unternehmen zu gewährleisten. Inwieweit bemüht sich der Staat als ‚Guter Auftraggeber‘ die Lücken der kollektiven Selbstregulierung des Arbeitsmarktes (durch Tarifverträge, betriebliche Mitbestimmung) zu schließen – oder trägt im Gegenteil dazu bei, sie zu vertiefen? Neben einer Analyse der Gesetzesentwicklung auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene bilden Fallstudien zur Vergabepraxis auf kommunaler Ebene in Deutschland das Kernstück der empirischen Erhebung. Die Befunde verdeutlichen, dass die Vergabepolitik und -praxis durch widersprüchliche Trends geprägt wird: Zum einen durch die Intensivierung von Marktprinzipien (Vermarktlichung), indem Regelungen und Praktiken, die dem Bieterwettbewerb zugunsten sozialer Ziele Schranken setzen, seit Beginn des Europäischen Binnenmarktes an immer restriktivere Bedingungen geknüpft worden sind. Dem stehen zum anderen verschiedene Ansätze gegenüber, sozialen Kriterien bei der Auftragsvergabe einen größeren Stellenwert einzuräumen (Sozialpolitisierung) – etwa durch Tariftreuebestimmungen. Dieses dauerhafte, institutionalisierte Nebeneinander widersprüchlicher Trends generiert Handlungsdilemmata für die kommunale Politik und Verwaltung, wie auch für die Akteure der industriellen Beziehungen. Das Buch beleuchtet ihre Strategien und Lernprozesse im Umgang mit diesen Dilemmata. ; Diese Open-Access-Publikation befasst sich mit den vielfältigen Entscheidungsprozessen, mit denen der Bieterwettbewerb um öffentliche Aufträge gestaltet wird und fragt, inwieweit dabei versucht wird, gute Arbeitsbedingungen für die Beschäftigten beauftragter Unternehmen zu gewährleisten. Inwieweit bemüht sich der Staat als ‚Guter Auftraggeber‘ die Lücken der kollektiven Selbstregulierung des Arbeitsmarktes (durch Tarifverträge, betriebliche Mitbestimmung) zu schließen – oder trägt im Gegenteil dazu bei, sie zu vertiefen? Neben einer Analyse der Gesetzesentwicklung auf europäischer und nationaler Ebene bilden Fallstudien zur Vergabepraxis auf kommunaler Ebene in Deutschland das Kernstück der empirischen Erhebung. Die Befunde verdeutlichen, dass die Vergabepolitik und -praxis durch widersprüchliche Trends geprägt wird: Zum einen durch die Intensivierung von Marktprinzipien (Vermarktlichung), indem Regelungen und Praktiken, die dem Bieterwettbewerb zugunsten sozialer Ziele Schranken setzen, seit Beginn des Europäischen Binnenmarktes an immer restriktivere Bedingungen geknüpft worden sind. Dem stehen zum anderen verschiedene Ansätze gegenüber, sozialen Kriterien bei der Auftragsvergabe einen größeren Stellenwert einzuräumen (Sozialpolitisierung) – etwa durch Tariftreuebestimmungen. Dieses dauerhafte, institutionalisierte Nebeneinander widersprüchlicher Trends generiert Handlungsdilemmata für die kommunale Politik und Verwaltung, wie auch für die Akteure der industriellen Beziehungen. Das Buch beleuchtet ihre Strategien und Lernprozesse im Umgang mit diesen Dilemmata.
    Keywords: Arbeitssoziologie ; Industriesoziologie ; Industrielle Beziehungen ; Vergaberecht ; Sozial verantwortliche Auftragsvergabe ; Öffentliche Märkte ; Vermarktlichung ; Vergaberechtmodernisierung ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work and labour ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book is the first account of the whole diversity of teacher education in the Nordic region: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, the Åland Islands and Sápmi (where the Sámi people live). Today, large parts of the world are looking to the Nordic model of social organization, and interest in the Nordic comprehensive school system and teacher education arrangements is no exception. A good education is a key to prosperity and well-being. And the quality of students’ education is undoubtedly linked to the quality of their teachers’ education. While teacher education in the Nordic region is globally admired, it also faces new challenges. The leading scholars writing in this volume discuss the challenges and opportunities that professional environments are facing. By providing solid portraits of each area as well as analyses across the region, this book will be a great resource to students, academics in teacher education and schooling as well as social scientists and policy-makers inside and outside the Nordic region. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Nordic education ; Teacher education ; Nordic educational policy ; Teacher training ; Teacher education in Norway ; Nordic school system ; Nordic teacher education programs ; Teacher education in Nordic countries ; Teacher education in Denmark ; Teacher education in Sweden ; Teacher education in Iceland ; Teacher education in Finland ; Greenland education ; Nordic Indigenous people ; Sámi teacher education ; Teachers evaluation ; Global teacher education ; Scandinavia education ; education after World War II ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores some of the struggles and challenges that researchers and practitioners face when conducting research in the Central Asian research setting. Written for scholars still in the planning stages of their research, it addresses key questions, including: How shall we problematize and reconceptualize the concept of positionality through lenses of local voices from the region? How does practitioners’ and scholars’ positionality contribute to their experiences of inclusion, exclusion, and access to the field? How do scholars navigate issues of personal safety and mental well-being in the more closely monitored societies of Central Asia? The book includes contributors from both Central Asia and Western countries, paying particular attention to the ways researchers’ subjectivity shape how they are received in the region, which, in turn, influences how they write about and disseminate their research. In featuring an even greater variety of voices, this book fills an important gap in the literature on field research and knowledge production in and on Central Asia.
    Keywords: Central Asia ; Field Research ; Decolonization ; Positionality ; Reflexivity ; Researcher’s ethnicity ; Central Asia Barometer ; Kazakhstan ; Tajikistan ; Research in Central Asia ; Post-Soviet Societies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book presents an integrative and transdisciplinary conceptualization of hope and brings together cross-cultural studies based on quantitative data from around the globe. It incorporates state-of-the-art theories of hope from psychology, philosophy and theology and presents a novel approach to the study of hope in different life situations. The volume analyses empirical data from the Hope Barometer international research network, collected from more than 40,000 participants between 2017 and 2021. The authors use this broad database to investigate the nature and value of hope for well-being and flourishing at individual and societal levels, in various regions, and different cultural, religious and social backgrounds. The chapters study the cultural characteristics of different facets and elements of hope and furthermore explore its common qualities to elucidate the universal nature of hope across cultures. Comprehensive, transdisciplinary and cross-cultural in scope, this volume is of interest to a global readership across the social and behavioural sciences.
    Keywords: Dimensions of hope ; Hope and optimism ; Hope-Barometer Research ; Futures studies ; Alternative conceptualizations of hope ; Hope and mental health ; Hope and the quality of life ; Belief systems and hope ; Social justice and hope ; Positive futures ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel and human resources management
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2023-09-14
    Description: This open access book attempts to provide a perspective on the circularity assessment at different levels of the systemic hierarchy and advocates better resource management for a sustainable future. It demonstrates how relevant circularity indicators are used for quantifying the extent of circularity of each level. Illustrative case studies that discuss the process of quantitatively interpreting progress towards circularity are provided. This work caters to a broad readership inclusive of governance, basic research, engineering, and business stakeholders. The conclusion signifies the role of consumer community in achieving circularity.
    Keywords: CIRCULARITY ; CIRCULAR ECONOMY ; MEASURING CIRCULARITY ; CIRCULARITY ASSESSMENT ; CIRCULARITY INDICATORS ; CIRCULARITY GAP ; SUSTAINABILITY ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJJ Business & the environment, ‘Green’ approaches to business ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023-01-22
    Description: This Open Access book compiles the findings of the Scientific Group of the United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021 and its research partners. The Scientific Group was an independent group of 28 food systems scientists from all over the world with a mandate from the Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. The chapters provide science- and research-based, state-of-the-art, solution-oriented knowledge and evidence to inform the transformation of contemporary food systems in order to achieve more sustainable, equitable and resilient systems.
    Keywords: Food science ; Health science ; Nutrition ; Sustainability ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVB Agricultural science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TD Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry::TDCT Food & beverage technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: English
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  • 294
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This open access textbook fills a gap, in that it introduces readers to the theory and applications of the Phase-Field technique. Phase Field, over the years, has emerged as a standard tool for materials research, just as the Finite-Element technique has in structure mechanics. Whereas the few existing textbooks on this topic are intended for advanced readers, this one is made accessible to the widest possible audience, through an engaging, lecture format. The content grows out of a course the authors teach for graduate students at Ruhr-University Bochum. Even readers who may, at first, have no clue at all what a “Phase Field” is and for what it is used, are invited on a journey from general physics of thermodynamics and wave mechanics, through applications in all fields of materials science, up to the central questions of physical being. On this journey all the necessary techniques are detailed, mostly formulated in a mathematical language easily understood by engineers and natural scientists.
    Keywords: Open Access Phase Field textbook ; Phase-Field Methods in Materials Science and Engineering ; Multi-phase-field approach ; Phase-Field in metallic alloys ; evolving microstructures ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 295
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This open access book discusses the theory and methods of hypergraph computation. Many underlying relationships among data can be represented using graphs, for example in the areas including computer vision, molecular chemistry, molecular biology, etc. In the last decade, methods like graph-based learning and neural network methods have been developed to process such data, they are particularly suitable for handling relational learning tasks. In many real-world problems, however, relationships among the objects of our interest are more complex than pair-wise. Naively squeezing the complex relationships into pairwise ones will inevitably lead to loss of information which can be expected valuable for learning tasks. Hypergraph, as a generation of graph, has shown superior performance on modelling complex correlations compared with graph. Recent years have witnessed a great popularity of researches on hypergraph-related AI methods, which have been used in computer vision, social media analysis, etc. We summarize these attempts as a new computing paradigm, called hypergraph computation, which is to formulate the high-order correlations underneath the data using hypergraph, and then conduct semantic computing on the hypergraph for different applications. The content of this book consists of hypergraph computation paradigms, hypergraph modelling, hypergraph structure evolution, hypergraph neural networks, and applications of hypergraph computation in different fields. We further summarize recent achievements and future directions on hypergraph computation in this book.
    Keywords: Hypergraph ; Hypergraph Computation ; Hypergraph Learning ; Hypergraph Modelling ; Hypergraph Neural Network ; Complex Correlation Modelling ; High-Order Correlation Modelling ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures
    Language: English
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  • 296
    Publication Date: 2023-01-22
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch adressiert die durch Globalisierung und Digitalisierung zunehmende Internationalisierung der Wahrnehmung von Urheberrechten. Musikverlage, aber auch Urheber sehen sich dabei zwar der Option einer selbstbestimmten internationalen Wahrnehmung ihrer Urheberrechte gegenüber. Gleichzeitig ist dieser Schritt aber mit großen betriebswirtschaftlichen, technischen und rechtlichen Herausforderungen und Unsicherheiten behaftet. Dieses Buch soll an der Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis die Grundlagen, Konzepte und Technologien internationaler Verwertung vermitteln. Dabei strukturiert es sich entlang des Lebenszyklus, beginnend mit der Mitgliedschaft bei Verwertungsgesellschaften, über Werk- und Nutzungsmeldungen bis hin zu Abrechnungsprüfungen und Reklamationen.
    Keywords: Verwertungsgesellschaften ; Musikverlag ; Verwertung von Urheberrechten ; CWR ; CRD ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFD Media studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJS Sales & marketing
    Language: German
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  • 297
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    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch führt Valentin Katter eine umfassende didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse unter historisch-, logisch-, und individualgenetischen Gesichtspunkten durch, mit der es ihm möglich ist, systematisch sechs Grundvorstellungen zum Sinusbegriff zu identifizieren. Anhand detaillierter Videoanalysen zeigt der Autor anschließend, wie diese Grundvorstellungen genutzt werden können, um Denkprozesse von Lehramtsstudierenden in kooperativen Problemlösesituationen zu rekonstruieren. Diese Rekonstruktionen gewähren einen Einblick in das komplexe individuelle Netz von Vorstellungen und ermöglichen es, das Potential und mögliche Hindernisse, die in ihm stecken, auszuloten.
    Keywords: Grundvorstellung ; Trigonometrie ; Darstellungen ; genetisches Prinzip ; Einheitskreis ; Sinusfunktion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics
    Language: German
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  • 298
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Singapore
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book shows how the adoption of global justice, such as eradication of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has given rise to controversy, resistance, and transformation at the national, regional, and grass-roots levels in African and Asian countries where FGM/C has been practiced. It provides readers with up-to-date information about the effects of the campaign to eradicate FGM/C and the present situation of those countries, to which preceding books on FGM/C have scarcely referred. Adopting “zero tolerance” as a policy of eradication, WHO and other UN agencies have opposed any type of FGM/C, and many African countries have criminalized the practice. Although the campaign is based on the human rights discourse which is shared globally, the controversies concerning eradication of FGM/C on the national level and the responses of communities on the local level in those countries are diverse and complicated. Various actors such as NGOs, government officials, religious leaders, medical workers, and local inhabitants are embroiled and negotiate with each other concerning its eradication. With this book, readers are provided with an in-depth analysis of the complicated controversies and responses of local communities, referring to their particular historical and social backgrounds. The book provides two chapters on FGM/C in Asian countries, where not many studies have done yet. It also presents readers with a study of the arguments and responses to FGM/C of African immigrants by Australian health-care professionals as well as a study of male circumcision eradication campaigns, which have been carried on in tandem with FGM/C eradication campaigns but still not have been successful. With its many elaborate case studies, this book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the FGM/C studies as well as studies on the applicability of global justice to local communities.
    Keywords: Female Genital Cutting (FGC) ; Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) ; Female Circumcision ; Zero Tolerance ; African Women ; Male Circumcision ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVH Human rights, civil rights ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 299
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    Springer Nature | Springer Spektrum
    Publication Date: 2024-02-03
    Description: Die Klimakrise betrifft uns alle - Doch wie kann ein klimafreundliches Leben für alle erreicht werden? Zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Sachstandsberichte bestätigen schon lange den umfassenden Handlungsbedarf, um die Klimaziele zu erreichen. Dieser betrifft alle Lebensbereiche: von Arbeit und Pflege über Wohnen bis zu Mobilität, Ernährung und Freizeit. Doch wie verwirklicht man solch eine Transformation? Der Bericht unterstreicht, dass die Möglichkeiten, klimafreundlich zu leben, wesentlich durch Strukturen vorgegeben ist. Die vorherrschenden Appelle an das verantwortungsbewusste individuelle Verhalten Einzelner und Aufrufe zu nachhaltigem Konsum werden in ihren Wirkungen überschätzt. Entsprechend ist die Kernbotschaft des Berichts, die gemeinsame Gestaltung von Strukturen für ein klimafreundliches Leben ins Zentrum der Klimapolitik zu stellen. Daher gibt das Buch Antworten auf folgende Fragen: Wie können Rahmenbedingungen so gestaltet werden, dass ein klimafreundliches Leben für jeden selbstverständlich oder zumindest erleichtert wird? Welchen Beitrag können die verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Akteure leisten? Was bedeutet dies für Recht und Governance, die Wirtschaft, Globalisierung und das Finanzsystem? Können Medien einen Beitrag dazu leisten? Welche Rolle haben Ungleichheit, soziale Sicherung und Raumplanung und welche Infrastrukturen sind notwendig? Dieses Open Access Buch ist das Ergebnis eines umfassenden wissenschaftlichen Erstellungsprozesses, der sich an der Arbeitsweise des Weltklimarates IPCC orientierte: mehr als 80 Autor_innen analysierten die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zur Gestaltung von Strukturen für ein klimafreundliches Leben. Dazu wurden über 2000 Literaturquellen ausgewertet. Zur Absicherung der Qualität wurden die Ergebnisse der Autor_innen von in etwa 180 Expert_innen und circa 100 Stakeholdern in mehreren Runden begutachtet. Der innovative Zugang und die bisher wenig aufgegriffenen Themenfelder machen das Buch zu einem Standardwerk für die Klimaforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum.
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltiges Leben ; Austrian Panel for Climate Change ; APCC Special Report ; Gesellschaftliche Transformation ; Strukturwandel ; Globalisierung ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: German
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  • 300
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This open access book examines the depiction of Korean history in recent South Korean historical films. Released over the Hallyu (“Korean Wave”) period starting in the mid-1990s, these films have reflected, shaped, and extended the thriving public discourse over national history. In these works, the balance between fate and freedom—the negotiation between societal constraints and individual will, as well as cyclical and linear history—functions as a central theme, subtext, or plot device for illuminating a rich variety of historical events, figures, and issues. In sum, these highly accomplished films set in Korea’s past address universal concerns about the relationship between structure and agency, whether in collective identity or in individual lives. Written in an engaging and accessible style by an established historian, Fate and Freedom in Korean Historical Films offers a distinctive perspective on understanding and appreciating Korean history and culture.
    Keywords: Cinema studies ; modern history ; historical film ; Korean cinema ; Korean history ; modern Korea ; Buddhism ; Korean popular culture ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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