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  • 1
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5897-5909 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We present simple explicit coordinate transformations which serve to decouple the Schrödinger equation for a pair of (not necessarily identical) harmonic oscillators in the presence of bilinear perturbing potentials. We derive general conditions for the decoupling, and give some examples of physical interest. These include the much studied example with just a static perturbation, the parallel problem with a dynamic coupling term, and the classic example of an isotropic two-dimensional oscillator in a transverse magnetic field, first solved by Fock (1928) by separation of variables. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5945-5953 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Continuous and discrete superselection rules induced by the interaction with the environment are investigated for a class of exactly soluble Hamiltonian models. The environment is given by a boson field. Stable superselection sectors can only emerge if the low frequences dominate and the ground state of the boson field disappears due to infrared divergence. The models allow uniform estimates of all transition matrix elements between different superselection sectors. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6026-6041 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A new approach to the theory of anisotropic exciton based on Fock transformation, i.e., on a stereographic projection of the momentum to the unit four-dimensional (4D) sphere, is developed. Hyperspherical functions are used as a basis of the perturbation theory. The binding energies, wave functions and oscillator strengths of elongated as well as flattened excitons are obtained numerically. It is shown that with an increase of the anisotropy degree the oscillator strengths are markedly redistributed between optically active and formerly inactive states, making the latter optically active. An approximate analytical solution of the anisotropic exciton problem taking into account the angular momentum conserving terms is obtained. This solution gives the binding energies of moderately anisotropic exciton with a good accuracy and provides a useful qualitative description of the energy level evolution. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6364-6368 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is normal to treat cosmic strings as line defects in space–time. The interpretation of mass as the deficit angle associated with such a defect has the consequences of mass being nonadditive, and Lorentz boosts acting as magnifying glasses of arbitrarily high resolution. Herein, an alternative is proposed which has neither of the above properties. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6060-6078 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The Feynman integral is given a stochastic interpretation in the framework of Nelson's stochastic mechanics employing a time-symmetric variant of Nelson's kinematics recently developed by the author. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6090-6092 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We consider Ising systems where all the many-spin couplings JA are positive. We show that the absolute value of all the many-spin correlations does not increase when the value of any of the couplings is reduced, taking any value in the interval [−JA,JA]. Results of this type are motivated by work in systems such as random field Ising models. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6198-6232 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we study the behavior of the moments of a particle distribution as it is transported through a Hamiltonian system. Functions of moments that remain invariant for an arbitrary nonlinear Hamiltonian system are constructed perturbatively. The perturbation expansion is carried out according to the degree of nonlinearity of the symplectic mapping associated with the Hamiltonian. The existence of these moment invariants is entirely a consequence of the symplectic nature of the flow generated by Hamiltonian systems. These invariants may be of use in accelerator design, in the general area of charged particle beam transport, and in other areas of Hamiltonian dynamics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6248-6276 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper the ∂¯-problem has been constructed for a class of multidimensional integrable partial differential equations (PDE) which can be classified as the multidimensional hierarchies of the (1+1)-dimensional systems of integrable PDE. We introduce the nonsymmetric dressing procedure for this purpose. Among the examples we consider the (n+1)-dimensional (n〉1) hierarchies of nonlinear Schrödinger, modified Korteveg–de Vries, and Camassa–Holm equations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6300-6317 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We begin with a four-dimensional manifold, M, that possesses a two parameter family of (local) foliations by three-surfaces, with the two parameters being the coordinates on the sphere of directions at each point of the manifold expressed via homogeneous coordinates πA and πA′. By then requiring that each foliation (of the two parameter set of foliations) be a one parameter family of null surfaces for some (as yet unkown) conformal Lorentzian metric—we derive an explicit expression, in terms of the foliation description, for this conformal metric. We then show (1) how a conformal factor can be chosen to convert the conformal metric into a metric and (2) how to impose on the foliation and conformal factor conditions so that the metric satisfies the vacuum Einstein equations. The material described here is very much connected to the null surface formulation (NSF) of GR developed earlier. The advantages of the present formulation are that one can much more easily see the logical structure of the NSF, one can calculate with much greater ease and finally it allows [because of the use of (spinor) index calculus] generalizations of the NSF so that the study of the evolutionary development of the null surface singularities (caustics, etc.) can be developed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5510-5516 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We show that it is possible to define Majorana (s)pinor fields on M-branes which have been identified under the action of the antipodal map on the adS factor of the throat geometry, or which have been wrapped on two-cycles of arbitrary genus. This is an important consistency check, since it means that one may still take the generators of supertranslations in superspace to transform as Majorana fermions under the adjoint action of Spin(10,1) even though the antipodally identified M2-brane is not space-orientable. We point out that similar conclusions hold for any p-branes which have the generic (adS)×(Sphere) throat geometry. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 11
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5535-5549 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the formulation of the Einstein equations widely in use in numerical relativity, namely, the standard ADM form, as well as some of its variations (including the most recent conformally-decomposed version), suffers from a certain but standard type of ill-posedness. Specifically, the norm of the solution is not bounded by the norm of the initial data irrespective of the data. A long-running numerical experiment is performed as well, showing that the type of ill-posedness observed may not be serious in specific practical applications, as is known from many numerical simulations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 12
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5572-5581 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The three-dimensional null-surface formalism of Tanimoto [M. Tanimoto, "On the null surface formalism," Report No. gr-qc/9703003 (1997)] and Forni et al. [Forni et al., "Null surfaces formation in 3D," J. Math Phys. (submitted)] are extended to describe Einstein–Weyl spaces, following Cartan [E. Cartan, "Les espaces généralisées et l'integration de certaines classes d'equations différentielles," C. R. Acad. Sci. 206, 1425–1429 (1938); "La geometria de las ecuaciones diferenciales de tercer order," Rev. Mat. Hispano-Am. 4, 1–31 (1941)]. In the resulting formalism, Einstein–Weyl spaces are obtained from a particular class of third-order differential equations. Some examples of the construction which include some new Einstein–Weyl spaces are given. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5642-5655 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We analyze the global structure of Lagrangian Grassmannian in the product symplectic space and investigate the local properties of generic symplectic relations. The cohomological symplectic invariant of discrete dynamical systems is generalized to the class of generalized canonical mappings. Lower bounds for the number of two-point and three-point symplectic invariants for billiard-type dynamical systems are found and several examples of symplectic correspondences encountered from physics are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5180-5208 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Free quantum motion on group manifolds is considered. The Hamiltonian is given by the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the group manifold, and the purpose is to get the (Feynman's) evolution kernel Kt. The spectral expansion, which produced a series of the representation characters for Kt in the compact case, does not exist for noncompact group, where the spectrum is not bounded. In this work real analytical groups are investigated, some of which are of interest for physics. An integral representation for Kt is obtained in terms of the Green's function, i.e., the solution to the Helmholz equation on the group manifold. The alternative series expressions for the evolution operator are reconstructed from the same integral representation, the spectral expansion (when exists) and the sum over classical paths. For noncompact groups, the latter can be interpreted as the (exact) semiclassical approximation, like in the compact case. The explicit form of Kt is obtained for a number of noncompact groups. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5223-5237 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A direct and an inverse scattering method is developed for Schrödinger operators with electromagnetic fields in the case of obstacles in order to study the well-known Aharonov–Bohm effect. In dimension greater or equal to three, we show that the electric potential and the magnetic field are uniquely determined by the S-operator. In the two-dimensional case, some obstruction appears based on a quantification of the magnetic flux. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5262-5269 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We investigate time-optimal control of finite quantum systems in the Born approximation. A bang–bang principle is found to follow from a result in [C. A. Akemann and J. Anderson, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 458 (1991)]. We also prove existence of time-optimal controls, characterize when they are unique, and assuming uniqueness, explicitly describe them. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5934-5944 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: We reconsider the theory of hidden variables under the assumption that the conjecture on the ensemble (experiment run) independence of the distribution of hidden variables (which was indirectly used by J. Bell and his followers) is violated. Ensemble fluctuations imply perturbations of Bell's inequality and its generalizations. We study (by experimental reasons) CHSH (Clauser, Horne, Shimony, Holt) inequality and obtain its modification. This modified inequality is not in disaccord with the predictions of quantum formalism. The deviation from the standard CHSH inequality depends on the magnitude of ensemble fluctuations. We find these magnitude for fluctuating families of Gaussian distributions. We found that if the dimension of the space of hidden variables is very high, then to obtain a contradiction between the local realism and quantum formalism, we must be sure there is no even negligibly small deviations in probability distributions of hidden variables corresponding to different runs of the experiment (in particular, the efficiency of detectors must be equal to one). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6007-6025 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we study the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer energy gap equation at finite temperatures. When the kernel is positive representing a phonon-dominant phase in a superconductor, the existence and uniqueness of a gap solution is established in a class which contains solutions obtainable from bounded domain approximations. The critical temperatures that characterize superconducting–normal phase transitions realized by bounded domain approximations and full space solutions are also investigated. It is shown under some sufficient conditions that these temperatures are identical. In this case the uniqueness of a full space solution follows directly. We will also present some examples for the nonuniqueness of solutions. The case of a kernel function with varying signs is also considered. It is shown that, at low temperatures, there exist nonzero gap solutions indicating a superconducting phase, while at high temperatures, the only solution is the zero solution, representing the dominance of the normal phase, which establishes again the existence of a transition temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6048-6059 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The standard model is reconstructed in a generalized differential geometry (GDG) on the product space M4×X2 by reformulating the work of Coquereaux et al. that dealt with the same theme based on the noncommutative geometry (NCG). A GDG on M4×X2 is constructed by adding the basis χn(n=1,2) of a differential form on the discrete space X2 to the ordinary basis dxμ on Minkowski space M4, and so it is a direct generalization of the differential geometry on the continuous manifold. A GDG is a version of NCG. The Yang–Mills–Higgs Lagrangian and the Dirac Lagrangian are reconstructed by using the fermion representation similar to that in a SO(10) grand unified model. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6093-6115 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Two related problems in relativistic quantum mechanics, the apparent superluminal propagation of initially localized particles and dependence of spatial localization on the motion of the observer, are analyzed in the context of Dirac's theory of constraints. A parametrization invariant formulation is obtained by introducing time and energy operators for the relativistic particle and then treating the Klein–Gordon equation as a constraint. The standard, physical Hilbert space is recovered, via integration over proper time, from an augmented Hilbert space wherein time and energy are dynamical variables. It is shown that the Newton–Wigner position operator, being in this description a constant of motion, acts on states in the augmented space. States with strictly positive energy are nonlocal in time; consequently, position measurements receive contributions from states representing the particle's position at many times. Apparent superluminal propagation is explained by noting that, as the particle is potentially in the past (or future) of the assumed initial place and time of localization, it has time to propagate to distant regions without exceeding the speed of light. An inequality is proven showing the Hegerfeldt paradox to be completely accounted for by the hypotheses of subluminal propagation from a set of initial space–time points determined by the quantum time distribution arising from the positivity of the system's energy. Spatial localization can nevertheless occur through quantum interference between states representing the particle at different times. The nonlocality of the same system to a moving observer is due to Lorentz rotation of spatial axes out of the interference minimum. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6130-6172 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Properties of idealized, two-dimensional current distributions on circular loops are investigated analytically via the solution of a constrained optimization problem. The directivity in the far field is maximized under a fixed C=N/T, where N is the integral of the square of the current magnitude and T is the total radiated power. C enters the ensuing Fourier series for the current implicitly through a Lagrange multiplier α. For non-negative α and large electrical radius ka, the directivity and the current are evaluated approximately via combined use of the Poisson summation formula and the Mellin transform technique. As a result, a geometrical-ray representation for the current is derived for the case of directivities that are slightly larger than that of the uniform distribution. The analysis indicates certain advantages of large radiating structures for moderate values of the constraint C. In the limit C→∞ of Oseen's "Einstein needle radiation," an asymptotic formula for the directivity is obtained. Possible extensions of these results to classes of smooth convex loops are briefly discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6173-6185 
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    Notes: In this article we describe the classification of integrable symmetrically coupled potential KdV and modified KdV-type equations that possess higher symmetries. Restricting our attention to the systems that cannot be decoupled by a change of dependent variables, we obtain 11 previously unknown classes of integrable equations. In some cases we present Hamiltonian or bi-Hamiltonian formulations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6193-6197 
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    Notes: It is shown that when the initial condition and the forcing term of the periodic Navier–Stokes or magnetohydrodynamics equations have Fourier coefficients which vanish outside a certain semigroup of frequencies, the same happens to the solutions for all time. Subgroups of frequencies correspond to solutions possessing certain symmetries. By taking as a semigroup the frequencies whose Fourier components are non-negative integers, we get a class of solutions for which the higher modes do not influence the evolution of the lower ones; therefore, the phenomenon of inverse cascading cannot occur for them. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6296-6299 
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    Notes: The Goldberg–Sachs theorem has been very useful in constructing algebraically special exact solutions of the Einstein vacuum equation. Most of the physically meaningful vacuum exact solutions are algebraically special. We show that the Goldberg–Sachs theorem is not true in linearized gravity. This is a remarkable result, which sheds light on the understanding of the physical meaning of the linearized solutions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6341-6363 
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    Notes: Multidimensional model describing the cosmological evolution of n Einstein spaces in the theory with l scalar fields and forms is considered. When electromagnetic composite p-brane ansatz is adopted, and certain restrictions on the parameters of the model are imposed, the dynamics of the model near the singularity is reduced to a billiard on the (N−1)-dimensional Lobachevsky space HN−1, N=n+l. The geometrical criterion for the finiteness of the billiard volume and its compactness is used. This criterion reduces the problem to the problem of illumination of (N−2)-dimensional sphere SN−2 by pointlike sources. Some examples with billiards of finite volume and hence oscillating behavior near the singularity are considered. Among them examples with square and triangle two-dimensional billiards (e.g., that of the Bianchi-IX model) and a four-dimensional billiard in "truncated" D=11 supergravity model (without the Chern–Simons term) are considered. It is shown that the inclusion of the Chern–Simons term destroys the confining of a billiard. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6388-6398 
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    Notes: This paper examines underdetermined systems of partial differential equations in which the independent variables may be classical c-numbers or even quantum operators. One can view an underdetermined system as expressing the kinematic constraints on a set of dynamical variables that generate a Lie algebra. The arbitrariness in the general solution reflects the freedom to specify the dynamics of such a system. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6463-6476 
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    Notes: We present a new generalized topological current in terms of the order parameter field φ to describe the arbitrary dimensional topological defects. By virtue of the φ-mapping method, we show that the topological defects are generated from the zero points of the order parameter field φ, and the topological charges of these topological defects are topological quantized in terms of the Brouwer degrees of φ-mapping under the condition that the Jacobian J(φ/v)≠0. When J(φ/v)=0, it is shown that there exist the crucial case of branch process. Based on the implicit function theorem and the Taylor expansion, we detail the bifurcation of generalized topological current and find different directions of the bifurcation. The arbitrary dimensional topological defects are found splitting or merging at the degenerate point of field function φ but the total charge of the topological defects is still unchanged. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6544-6565 
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    Notes: New algorithms are developed for the purpose of optimizing the efficient calculation of SU(3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients in both SU(2)- and SO(3)-coupled bases. The new algorithms make use of the fact that highest weight states in a tensor product space are easily identified by vector coherent state methods. The methods are developed for SU(3) but apply to other compact semi-simple Lie groups. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6639-6656 
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    Notes: The structure and representations of the quantum supergroup OSPq(2|2n) are studied systematically. The algebra of functions on the quantum supergroup, which specifies the quantum supergroup itself, is taken to be the superalgebra generated by the matrix elements of the vector representation of the quantized universal superalgebra Uq(osp(2|2n)). It is shown that the algebra of functions is dense in the full dual Uq(osp(2|2n))* of Uq(osp(2|2n)) and possesses a Hopf superalgebra structure. The left integral and right integral on the quantum supergroup are discussed. Induced representations are developed using the noncommutative geometry of quantum homogeneous supervector bundles, and a geometric realization of irreducible representations is obtained. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5209-5222 
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    Notes: Nonstandard analysis is used to construct a measure over paths for the path integral solution to the Dirac equation in 3+1 dimension. Paths are considered in momentum space, because the Green function in the configuration space contains a derivative of δ function which keeps us from assigning a measure over paths. The solution is obtained not only as the standard part of a nonstandard path sum with respect to a nonstandard measure, but also as a standard path integral with respect to a standard measure extracted from the nonstandard one. The result is an extension of Gaveau's work [B. Gaveau, J. Funct. Anal. 58, 310–319 (1984)]. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4860-4880 
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    Notes: We construct SL(3,C) basis states reduced according to its finite subgroup ℘3. Matrix elements of sl(3,C) generators are calculated between ℘3 basis states. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4881-4938 
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    Notes: Operator symbols play a pivotal role in both the exact, well-posed, one-way reformulation of solving the (elliptic) Helmholtz equation and the construction of the generalized Bremmer coupling series. The inverse square-root and square-root Helmholtz operator symbols are the initial quantities of interest in both formulations, in addition to providing the theoretical framework for the development and implementation of the "parabolic equation" (PE) method in wave propagation modeling. Exact, standard (left) and Weyl symbol constructions are presented for both the inverse square-root and square-root Helmholtz operators in the case of the focusing quadratic profile in one transverse spatial dimension, extending (and, ultimately, unifying) the previously published corresponding results for the defocusing quadratic case [J. Math. Phys. 33, 1887–1914 (1992)]. Both (i) spectral (modal) summation representations and (ii) contour-integral representations, exploiting the underlying periodicity of the associated, quantum mechanical, harmonic oscillator problem, are derived, and, ultimately, related through the propagating and nonpropagating contributions to the operator symbol. High- and low-frequency, asymptotic operator symbol expansions are given along with the exact symbol representations for the corresponding operator rational approximations which provide the basis for the practical computational realization of the PE method. Moreover, while the focusing quadratic profile is, in some respects, nonphysical, the corresponding Helmholtz operator symbols, nevertheless, establish canonical symbol features for more general profiles containing locally-quadratic wells. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5033-5063 
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    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with singularly perturbed variational problems involving the curl functional, which arise in the mathematical theory of liquid crystals. The asymptotic behavior of the minimizers in the singular limiting process is discussed, which is closely related to the variational problems for curl functional under various constraints. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5088-5106 
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    Notes: An aperiodic analog to the Virasoro algebra is introduced and its representation theory is investigated. In particular, highest and lowest weight representations are constructed. An analog to the Kac determinant formula is derived and the implications for unitarity are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5135-5135 
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3430-3447 
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    Notes: We propose a simple oscillator model for the reduced three-body problem to understand the stability of orbits with small eccentricity of a light planet. It models the main short-time features for small mass ratios of the other bodies. These results are confronted with the exact mathematical analysis for stability for all times, and with computer simulation results for bigger mass ratios, where chaotic features emerge. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3511-3522 
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    Notes: We study the time evolution of the wave function of a particle bound by an attractive δ-function potential when it is subjected to time-dependent variations of the binding strength (parametric excitation). The simplicity of this model permits certain nonperturbative calculations to be carried out analytically both in one and three dimensions. Thus the survival probability of bound state |θ(t)|2, following a pulse of strength r and duration t, behaves as |θ(t)|2−|θ(∞)|2∼t−α, with both θ(∞) and α depending on r. On the other hand, a sequence of short pulses produces an exponential decay over an intermediate time scale. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3674-3697 
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    Notes: We discuss the status and some perspectives of relativistic quantum physics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3698-3763 
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    Notes: A twist field on a cylindrical space–time has the defining property that translation about a spatial circle results in multiplying the field by a phase. In this paper we investigate how such multivalued twist fields fit into the framework of constructive quantum field theory. Twisted theories have an interest in their own right; the twists also serve as infrared regulators that partially preserve the underlying symmetries of the Hamiltonian. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the extent that boson–fermion twist-field systems are compatible with the Lie symmetry and with the N=2 supersymmetry that one expects in the same examples without twists. We consider free systems and nonlinear boson–fermion interactions that arise from a holomorphic, quasihomogeneous, polynomial superpotential. We choose the twisting angles to lie on a chosen line in twist parameter space (leaving one free twist parameter). Doing this, we can obtain Lie symmetry and half the number of supersymmetry generators that one expects in our examples without the twists. We also show that the Hamiltonians for scalar twist fields yield twisted, positive-temperature expectations with the "twist-positivity" property. This is important because it justifies the existence of a functional integral representation for twisted, positive-temperature trace functionals. We regularize these systems in a way that preserves symmetry to the maximal extent. We pursue elsewhere other aspects and applications of this method, including bounding the extent of supersymmetry breaking. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3832-3866 
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    Notes: We give a survey of selected topics in noncommutative geometry, with some emphasis on those directly related to physics, including our recent work with Dirk Kreimer on renormalization and the Riemann–Hilbert problem. We discuss at length two issues. The first is the relevance of the paradigm of geometric space, based on spectral considerations, which is central in the theory. As a simple illustration of the spectral formulation of geometry in the ordinary commutative case, we give a polynomial equation for geometries on the four-sphere with fixed volume. The equation involves an idempotent e, playing the role of the instanton, and the Dirac operator D. It is of the form 〈(e−〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12)[D,e]4〉=γ5 and determines both the sphere and all its metrics with fixed volume form. The expectation 〈x〉 is the projection on the commutant of the algebra of 4 by 4 matrices. We also show, using the noncommutative analog of the Polyakov action, how to obtain the noncommutative metric (in spectral form) on the noncommutative tori from the formal naive metric. We conclude with some questions related to string theory. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3943-3963 
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    Notes: In this short survey paper, we shall discuss certain recent results in classical gravity. Our main attention will be restricted to two topics in which we have been involved; the positive mass conjecture and its extensions to the case with horizons, including the Penrose conjecture (Part I), and the interaction of gravity with other force fields and quantum-mechanical particles (Part II). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4061-4081 
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    Notes: We present a review of the chaotic hypothesis and discuss its applications to intermittency in statistical mechanics and fluid mechanics proposing a quantitative definition. Entropy creation rate is interpreted in terms of certain intermittency phenomena. An attempt at a theory of the experiment of Ciliberto–Laroche on the fluctuation law is presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5849-5869 
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    Notes: We study the level-one irreducible highest weight representations of the quantum affine superalgebra Uq[sl(N(circumflex)|1)], and calculate their characters and supercharacters. We obtain bosonized q-vertex operators acting on the irreducible Uq[sl(N(circumflex)|1)] modules and derive the exchange relations satisfied by the vertex operators. We give the bosonization of the multicomponent super t−J model by using the bosonized vertex operators. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4262-4270 
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    Notes: The radial Schrödinger equation is considered when the potential is real valued, is integrable, and has a finite first moment. The Jost function, the scattering matrix, the number of bound states for the potential are expressed in terms of the corresponding quantities associated with the fragments of the potential. An improved expansion on the small-energy asymptotics of the Jost solution is presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2568-2585 
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    Notes: We study symmetry properties of an operator that has been introduced in Quantum Chemistry under the name of "Local Scaling Method," or "Local Scaling Transformation." This operator is defined using deformations of the space R3. It has previously been used in order to obtain density-functional approximations of the N-electron problem, and new N-representability results. In order that the operator satisfies a natural symmetry requirement associated with the symmetry group of a molecule, we show that only the deformations that commute with all operations of the symmetry group may be used. These deformations are listed and practical consequences explained. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2593-2603 
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    Notes: A renormalized Hamiltonian for a flexible peptide chain is derived to generate the long-time limit dynamics compatible with a coarsening of torsional conformation space. The renormalization procedure is tailored taking into account the coarse graining imposed by the backbone torsional constraints due to the local steric hindrance and the local backbone-side-group interactions. Thus, the torsional degrees of freedom for each residue are resolved modulo basins of attraction in its so-called Ramachandran map. This Ramachandran renormalization (RR) procedure is implemented so that the chain is energetically driven to form contact patterns as their respective collective topological constraints are fulfilled within the coarse description. In this way, the torsional dynamics are digitalized and become codified as an evolving pattern in a binary matrix. Each accepted Monte Carlo step in a canonical ensemble simulation is correlated with the real mean first passage time it takes to reach the destination coarse topological state. This real-time correlation enables us to test the RR dynamics by comparison with experimentally probed kinetic bottlenecks along the dominant folding pathway. Such intermediates are scarcely populated at any given time, but they determine the kinetic funnel leading to the active structure. This landscape region is reached through kinetically controlled steps needed to overcome the conformational entropy of the random coil. The results are specialized for the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, corroborating the validity of our method. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2700-2705 
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    Notes: A novel application of the Padé approximation is proposed in which the Padé approximant is used as an interpolation for the small and large coupling behaviors of a physical system, resulting in a prediction of the behavior of the system at intermediate couplings. This method is applied to quarkonium systems, and reasonable values for the c and b quark masses are obtained. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2723-2731 
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    Notes: A method for calculating the relativistic path integral solution via sum over perturbation series is given. As an application the exact path integral solution of the relativistic Aharonov–Bohm–Coulomb system is obtained by the method. Different from the earlier treatment based on the space–time transformation and infinite multiple-valued trasformation of Kustaanheimo–Stiefel in order to perform path integral, the method developed in this contribution involves only the explicit form of a simple Green's function and an explicit path integral is avoided. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2753-2767 
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    Notes: Using the transformations from paper I, we show that the Schrödinger equations for (1) systems described by quadratic Hamiltonians, (2) systems with time-varying mass, and (3) time-dependent oscillators all have isomorphic Lie space–time symmetry algebras. The generators of the symmetry algebras are obtained explicitly for each case and sets of number-operator states are constructed. The algebras and the states are used to compute displacement-operator coherent and squeezed states. Some properties of the coherent and squeezed states are calculated. The classical motion of these states is demonstrated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2826-2838 
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    Notes: We study N=4 supersymmetric quantum-mechanical many-body systems with M bosonic and 4M fermionic degrees of freedom. We also investigate the further restrictions of conformal and superconformal invariance. In particular, we construct conformal N=4 extensions of the AM−1 Calogero models, which for generic values of the coupling constant are not SU(1,1|2) superconformal. This class of models is also extended to arbitrary (even) N. We give both Hamiltonian and (classical) Lagrangian formulations. In the latter case, we use both component and N=4 superfield formulations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2851-2857 
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    Notes: Radial motion of a highly conducting sphere in external magnetic field is considered. It both perturbs the external magnetic field and generates an electric field. Exact analytic solution has been obtained previously for a uniformly expanding sphere. In the present paper a new exact solution is derived which is valid not only for expansion but for contraction as well. It allows us to calculate analytically the total electromagnetic energy irradiated by the sphere involved in periodical radial motion with arbitrary velocity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2905-2921 
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    Notes: We show that key features of several important integrable lattices appear naturally in a framework of the full Toda flows. Using special symplectic leaves for these flows, we construct a family of bi-Hamiltonian integrable lattices that interpolates between the nonrelativistic and relativistic Toda lattices. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2943-2956 
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    Notes: In the present paper we consider a system of degenerate Davey–Stewartson equations. We prove the global existence of weak solutions and blow-up of solutions for appropriate initial data. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2968-2989 
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    Notes: The relation between the Chern and Tenenblat approach to conservation laws of equations describing pseudo-spherical surfaces (conservation laws from pseudo-spherical structure) and the more familiar "Riccati equation" approach (conservation laws from associated linear problem) is investigated. Two examples [cylindrical Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Lund–Regge equations] are presented. Chern and Tenenblat's point of view is then connected with the theory of soliton surfaces. A generalization of the original Chern–Tenenblat construction of conservation laws results, and a reasonable family of large deformations for scalar equations describing pseudo-spherical surfaces, the "equations describing Calapso–Guichard surfaces," can be introduced. It is shown that these equations are also the integrability condition of linear problems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3007-3015 
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    Notes: The Bach equation, i.e., the vacuum field equation following from the Lagrangian L=CijklCijkl, will be completely solved for the case that the metric is conformally related to the Cartesian product of two two-spaces; this covers the spherically and the plane symmetric space–times as special subcases. Contrary to other approaches, we make a covariant 2+2-decomposition of the field equation, and so we are able to apply results from two-dimensional gravity. Finally, some cosmological solutions will be presented and discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3016-3027 
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    Notes: In this paper we find five-dimensional static strings solutions to Einstein's equations in the context of the induced-matter approach to higher dimensional relativity. This is done by separating Einstein's equations for a metric depending on a radius and the extra coordinate. Extending previous work, we consider the cases where the separation constants do not vanish. We find all elements of a decomposition of the four-dimensional induced-matter energy-momentum tensor necessary to identify perfect, heat and viscous parts. Corresponding metrics are found. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3035-3044 
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    Notes: Symmetries of space–times with null dust field as a source compatible with asymptotic flatness are studied by using the Bondi–Sachs–van der Burg formalism. It is shown that in an axially symmetric space–time with null dust field in which at least locally a smooth null infinity in the sense of Penrose exists, the only allowable additional Killing vector forming with the axial one a two-dimensional Lie algebra (the axial and the additional Killing vector are not assumed to be hypersurface orthogonal) is a supertranslational Killing vector and the gravitational field is then nonradiative (the Weyl tensor has a nonradiative character). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3045-3056 
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    Notes: We construct Calabi-Yau manifolds and their mirrors from K3 surfaces. This method was first developed by Borcea and Voisin. We examined their properties torically and checked mirror symmetry for the Calabi-Yau four-fold case. From Borcea-Voisin three-fold or four-fold examples, it may be possible to probe the S-duality of Seiberg-Witten. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3068-3085 
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    Notes: We propose in this work a new method to construct the Turaev–Viro state sums, using a diagrammatic presentation describing surgery operation as Heegaard splittings. The resulting invariants can be connected with suitable 3nj symbols, and we evaluate them for the lens spaces. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3104-3112 
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    Notes: A dominated-type convergence theorem is proved for the operator-valued Feynman integral defined via the Trotter product formula. This definition is intimately related to the one of Feynman and the physical setting is the same as in his original paper. The convergence result given here provides the final piece of a unifying and rather satisfactory picture of three approaches to the Feynman integral. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3125-3141 
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    Notes: Schlesinger transformations are discrete monodromy-preserving symmetry transformations of the classical Schlesinger system. Generalizing well-known results from the Riemann sphere we construct these transformations for isomonodromic deformations on genus one Riemann surfaces. Their action on the system's tau-function is computed and we obtain an explicit expression for the ratio of the old and the transformed tau-function. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3160-3169 
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    Notes: We present an investigation of the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) which are asymptotically representable as a linear combination of the equations from the Camassa–Holm hierarchy. For this purpose we use the infinitesimal transformations of dependent and independent variables of the original PDE. This approach is helpful for the analysis of the systems of the PDE which can be asymptotically represented as the evolution equations of polynomial structure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3192-3225 
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    Notes: Two approaches are developed to exploit, for simple complex or compact real Lie algebras g, the information that stems from the characteristic equations of representation matrices and Casimir operators. These approaches are selected so as to be viable not only for "small" Lie algebras, but also to be suitable for treatment by computer algebra. A very large body of new results emerges in the forms of (a) identities of a tensorial nature, involving structure constants etc. of g, (b) trace identities for powers of matrices of the adjoint and defining representations of g, (c) expressions of nonprimitive Casimir operators of g in terms of primitive ones. The methods are sufficiently tractable to allow not only explicit proof by hand of the nonprimitive nature of the quartic Casimir of g2, f4, e6, but also, e.g., of that of the tenth order Casimir of f4. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3257-3267 
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    Notes: We show how to use the method of orthogonal polynomials for integrating, in the planar approximation, the partition function of one-matrix models with a potential with even or odd vertices, or any combination of them. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3300-3300 
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    Notes: © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3278-3282 
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    Notes: We derive a useful expression for the matrix elements [∂f[A(t)]/∂t]ij of the derivative of a function f[A(t)] of a diagonalizable linear operator A(t) with respect to the parameter t at t0. The function f[A(t)] is supposed to be an operator acting on the same space as the operator A(t) which is assumed to have a nondegenerate, pure point spectrum. We use the basis which diagonalizes A(t0), i.e., [A(t0]ij=λiδij, and obtain [∂f[A(t)]/∂t|t=t0]ij=[∂A/∂t|t=t0]ij{[f(λj)−f(λi)]/(λj−λi)}. In addition to this, we show that further elaboration on the (not necessarily simple) integral expressions given by Wilcox (who basically considered f[A(t)] of the exponential type) and generalized by Rajagopal [who extended Wilcox results by considering f[A(t)] of the q-exponential type where expq(x)≡[1+(1−q)x]1/(1−q) with q∈R; hence, exp1(x)=exp(x)] yields these same expressions. Some of the lemmas first established by the above authors are easily recovered. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3302-3302 
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    Notes: © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3303-3303 
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    Notes: © American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 3301-3301 
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    Notes: © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2789-2804 
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    Notes: We describe scalar and spinor fields on a noncommutative sphere starting from canonical realizations of the enveloping algebra A=U(u(2)). The gauge extension of a free spinor model, the Schwinger model on a noncommutative sphere, is defined and the model is quantized. The noncommutative version of the model contains only a finite number of dynamical modes and is nonperturbatively UV regular. An exact expression for the chiral anomaly is found. In the commutative limit the standard formula is recovered. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2839-2850 
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    Notes: In this paper, the inverse scattering problems for the full inhomogeneous viscoelastic medium are studied via the invariant imbedding technique. Special attention is paid to the propagation operators of the viscoelastic medium and the imbedding equations for these operators are derived. For the inverse scattering problems, it is shown that the reflection data can be extended from one round trip through the iscoelastic slab to arbitrary time with the help of the propagation operators, hence the reconstruction of the relaxation modulus is sufficient to be considered only in one round trip. It is also shown that only one-side measurement reflection data are not sufficient to reconstruct the relaxation modulus and the density of the medium simultaneously. The corresponding numerical examples are presented. For the case that the relaxation modulus of the medium is modeled by two independent functions, an iterative inversion procedure is proposed to recover the relaxation modulus and the density simultaneously with the input two-side normally reflection data. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1555-1569 
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    Notes: We consider the problem of sampling uniformly at random from the set of proper k-colorings of a graph with maximum degree Δ. Our main result is the design of a simple Markov chain that converges in O(nk log n) time to the desired distribution when k〉〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉116Δ. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1570-1584 
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    Notes: We present a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for almost uniformly generating and approximately counting self-avoiding walks in rectangular lattices Zd. These are classical problems that arise, for example, in the study of long polymer chains. While there are a number of Monte Carlo algorithms used to solve these problems in practice, these are heuristic and their correctness relies on unproven conjectures. In contrast, our algorithm is shown rigorously to produce answers with specified accuracy and confidence. Only the efficiency of the algorithm relies on a widely believed conjecture, and a novel feature is that this conjecture can be tested as the algorithm proceeds. With this self-testing feature incorporated, the algorithm has polynomially bounded running time and is completely reliable, in the sense that it either outputs answers that are guaranteed to be within the specified accuracy and confidence bounds, or finds a counter-example to the conjecture. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1585-1597 
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    Notes: In the monomer–dimer model on a graph, each matching (collection of nonoverlapping edges) M has a probability proportional to λ|M|, where λ〉0 is the model parameter, and |M| denotes the number of edges in M. An approximate random sample from the monomer–dimer distribution can be obtained by running an appropriate Markov chain (each step of which involves an elementary local change in the configuration) sufficiently long. Jerrum and Sinclair have shown (roughly speaking) that for an arbitrary graph and fixed λ and ε (the maximal allowed variational distance from the desired distribution), O(|Λ|2|E|) steps suffice, where |E| is the number of edges and |Λ| the number of vertices of the graph. For sufficiently nice subgraphs (e.g., cubes) of the d-dimensional cubic lattice we give an explicit recipe to generate approximate random samples in (asymptotically) significantly fewer steps, namely (for fixed λ and ε) O(|Λ|(ln|Λ|)2). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1598-1615 
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    Notes: A popular technique for studying random properties of a combinatorial set is to design a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. For many problems there are natural Markov chains connecting the set of allowable configurations which are based on local moves, or "Glauber dynamics." Typically these single-site update algorithms are difficult to analyze, so often the Markov chain is modified to update several sites simultaneously. Recently there has been progress in analyzing these more complicated algorithms for several important combinatorial problems. In this work we use the comparison technique of Diaconis and Saloff-Coste to show that several of the natural single-point update algorithms are efficient. The strategy is to relate the mixing rate of these algorithms to the corresponding nonlocal algorithms which have already been analyzed. This allows us to give polynomial time bounds for single-point update algorithms for problems such as generating planar tilings and random triangulations of convex polygons. We also survey several other comparison techniques, along with specific applications, which have been used in the context of estimating mixing rates of Markov chains. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 652-660 
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    Notes: The aim of this paper is to show that there is a Hopf structure of the parabosonic and parafermionic algebras and this Hopf structure can generate the well-known Hopf algebraic structure of the Lie algebras, through a realization of Lie algebras using the parabosonic (and parafermionic) extension of the Jordan–Schwinger map. The differences between the Hopf algebraic and the graded Hopf superalgebraic structure on the parabosonic algebra are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 675-700 
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    Notes: Here we generalize the isospectral deformation of the discrete eigenspectrum of Eleonsky and Korolev [Phys. Rev. A 55, 2580 (1997)] to continuous eigenspectrum of some well-known shape-invariant potentials. We show that the isospectral deformations preserve their shape invariance properties. Hence, using the preserved shape invariance property of the deformed potentials, we obtain both discrete and continuous eigenspectrum of the deformed Rosen–Morse, Natanzon, Rosen–Morse with added Dirac delta term, and Natanzon with added Dirac delta term potentials, respectively. It is shown that deformation does not change their other pecurialities, such as the reflectionless property of the Rosen–Morse potential and the penetrationless property of the Natanzon one. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 721-727 
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    Notes: A class of quantum integrable quasi-two- and higher-dimensional quantum spin as well as strongly correlated electron systems with localized interactions are proposed. The basic idea of construction is to introduce interchain interactions in an array of spin chains or one-dimensional Hubbard models through twisting transformation. The models allow explicit quantum R-matrix, Lax operator, and exact eigenvalue solution. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 759-786 
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    Notes: We construct the solution φ(t,x) of the quantum wave equation (square, open)φ+m2φ+λ:φ3:=0 as a bilinear form which can be expanded over Wick polynomials of the free in-field, and where :φ3(t,x): is defined as the normal ordered product with respect to the free in-field. The constructed solution is correctly defined as a bilinear form on Dθ×Dθ, where Dθ is a dense linear subspace in the Fock space of the free in-field. On Dθ×Dθ the diagonal of the Wick symbol of this bilinear form satisfies the nonlinear classical wave equation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 835-844 
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    Notes: It is shown that any second-order dynamic equation on a configuration bundle Q→R of nonrelativistic mechanics is equivalent to a geodesic equation with respect to a (nonlinear) connection on the tangent bundle TQ→Q. The case of quadratic dynamic equations is analyzed in detail. The equation for Jacobi vector fields is constructed and investigated by the geometric methods. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 845-866 
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    Notes: This paper reports a new procedure for specifying monochromatic nonradiating (NR) current distributions (NR sources) and the electric and magnetic fields they produce (NR fields). Vector spherical harmonics and a Fourier–Bessel series are used to derive a new vector spherical-wave expansion for continuous NR fields confined within a spherical volume. The analysis yields complete orthogonal sets in terms of which all such NR fields can be expanded. By making use of a Maxwell operator representation for NR current distributions, we obtain a new series expansion for NR current distributions confined within a spherical volume. The analysis also yields complete sets for such NR current distributions. The developed theory is illustrated with special cases. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 898-923 
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    Notes: Asymptotically flat space–times with one Killing vector field are studied. The Killing equations are solved asymptotically using polyhomogeneous expansions (i.e., series in powers of 1/r and ln r), and solved order by order. The solution to the leading terms of these expansions yields the asymptotic form of the Killing vector field. The possible classes of Killing fields are discussed by analyzing their orbits on null infinity. The integrability conditions of the Killing equations are used to obtain constraints on the components of the Weyl tensor (Ψ0,Ψ1,Ψ2) and on the shear (σ). The behavior of the solutions to the constraint equations is studied. It is shown that for Killing fields that are non-supertranslational the characteristics of the constraint equations are the orbits of the restriction of the Killing field to null infinity. As an application, the particular case of boost-rotation symmetric space–times is considered. The constraints on Ψ0 are used to study the behavior of the coefficients that give rise to the Newman–Penrose constants, if the space–time is non-polyhomogeneous, or the logarithmic Newman–Penrose constants, if the space–time is polyhomogeneous. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 991-1015 
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    Notes: The structure of r-fold tensor products of irreducible tame representations of U(∞)=lim→ U(n) are described, versions of contragredient representations and invariants are realized, and methods of calculating multiplicities, Clebsch–Gordan, and Racah coefficients are given using invariant theory on Bargmann–Segal–Fock spaces. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7889-7905 
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    Notes: The existence of a superconducting branch bifurcating from the normal state is proved in semi-infinite strips. It is proved that the critical magnetic field at which bifurcation takes place, or the onset field, for a semi-infinite strip is greater than the onset field for an infinite strip with the same width. In addition we find the loci of the vortices far away from the corners and show convergence of the bifurcating modes in long rectangles to those in the semi-infinite strip with the same width. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1916-1933 
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    Notes: In this paper we re-express the Schouten–Nijenhuis, the Frölicher–Nijenhuis, and the Nijenhuis–Richardson brackets on a symplectic space using the extended Poisson brackets structure present in the path-integral formulation of classical mechanics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7964-7996 
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    Notes: The connection between the Schrödinger and confluent hypergeometric equations is discussed. It is shown that the factorization of the confluent hypergeometric equation gives a unifying powerful algebraic tool in order to study some quantum mechanical eigenvalue problems. That description includes the linear and N-dimensional harmonic oscillators, as well as the Coulomb and Morse potentials. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1966-1978 
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    Notes: In this paper we discuss a bistatic inverse scattering problem for Maxwell's equations. We show that both the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability can be uniquely recovered from the knowledge of S(s,θ,θ′) for all s∈R and special pairs of orthonormal vectors (θ,θ′) provided that they are close to constants, where S(s,θ,θ′) is the scattering kernel associated with Maxwell's equations. In other words, in this scattering experiment, measurements are made on a set of a priori arranged pairs of incoming and reflected directions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2021-2042 
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    Notes: A mathematically exact dynamical theory of classical thermodynamics of homogeneous bodies is presented in which processes are time-dependent functions, governed by an ordinary differential equation. The fundamental objects of the mathematical structure of a thermodynamical system are the dynamical law, the thermodynamical force, and the constraints; all the other usual notions, too, such as substances, bodies, linear approximation by Onsager, etc. have got a mathematical definition. Equilibria are the constant processes; their stability is investigated by Lyapunov's method. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2043-2057 
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    Notes: Two families of exact global solutions to the equations of plasma equilibrium are derived. These solutions have no singularities, are localized, and are quasiperiodic in variable z; each family depends on an arbitrary number of free parameters. The solutions model a wide variety of magnetic field phenomena that might occur in laboratory plasmas, in astrophysical jets, and in solar corona. The same solutions describe global equilibria of an ideal incompessible fluid. In addition, these families provide counterexamples to a well-known theorem of Parker. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 1979-2020 
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    Notes: A formulation of the Martin–Siggia–Rose (MSR) method for describing the statistical dynamics of classical systems is presented. The present formulation is very similar in structure to the original MSR "operator" formalism and very different from the alternative functional integral formalism of Janssen, de Dominicis, Peliti, and others. The need for imposing certain boundary conditions in the MSR formalism, as pointed out by Deker, is clarified. The basic results of this paper include: a construction of the MSR formalism in a way that demonstrates its internal consistency; a definition of a functional whose functional derivatives give all the correlation functions and response functions of an ensemble of mechanical systems; a graphical expression for the correlation functions and response functions; a graphical expression for the Legendre transform of the functional and of the resulting vertex functions; and a graphical derivation of the appropriate Dyson equation. The present formulation is applicable to systems with highly non-Gaussian statistics, including systems of classical particles described in terms of the particle density in single-particle phase space. In this paper, we consider only the case of ensembles of systems whose coordinates are continuous and whose time evolution is described by deterministic first order differential equations that are local in time. The method is easily extended to systems whose dynamics is governed by stochastic differential equations and to spin systems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 8236-8248 
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    Notes: We consider quasiperiodic and periodic (cnoidal) wave solutions of a set of n-component vector nonlinear Schrödinger equations (VNLSEs). In a biased photorefractive crystal with a drift mechanism of nonlinear response and Kerr-type nonlinearity, n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations can be used to model self-trapped mutually incoherent wave packets. These equations also model pulse–pulse interactions in wavelength-division-multiplexed channels of optical fiber transmission systems. Quasiperiodic wave solutions for the VNLSEs in terms of n-dimensional Kleinian functions are presented. Periodic solutions in terms of Hermite polynomials and generalized Hermite polynomials for n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations are found. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 8304-8330 
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    Notes: We construct a renormalization fixed point corresponding to the strong coupling limit of the golden mean Harper equation. We give an analytic expression for this fixed point, establish its existence and uniqueness, and verify properties previously seen only in numerical calculations. The spectrum of the linearization of the renormalization operator at this fixed point is also explicitly determined. This strong coupling fixed point also helps describe the onset of a strange nonchaotic attractor in quasiperiodically forced systems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 8349-8350 
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7263-7289 
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    Notes: We study the asymptotic behavior of the local superheating field for a film of width 2d in the regime κ small, κd large, where κ is the Ginzburg–Landau parameter. This gives a mathematical justification for the introduction of the semi-infinite model as a good approximation for this regime. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6042-6047 
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    Notes: This paper studies the dual form of Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde (WDVV) equations in N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory by applying a duality transformation to WDVV equations. The dual WDVV equations called in this paper are nonlinear differential equations satisfied by dual prepotential and are found to have the same form with the original WDVV equations. However, in contrast with the case of weak coupling calculus, the perturbative part of dual prepotential itself does not satisfy the dual WDVV equations. Nevertheless, it is possible to show that the nonperturbative part of dual prepotential can be determined from dual WDVV equations, provided the perturbative part is given. As an example, the SU(4) case is presented. The nonperturbative dual prepotential derived in this way is consistent to the dual prepotential obtained by D'Hoker and Phong. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6116-6129 
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    Notes: We study the inverse problem for a dispersive stratified chiral slab. The problem is treated as an analytic factorization problem in the complex plane of frequencies. Emphasis is made on the reconstruction of the spatial dependence of the medium parameters, whereas the frequency dependence is supposed to be a single-resonance Lorentz model. It is shown that, under the normal incidence of exciting plane waves, the scattering data as functions of alternating frequency allows reconstructing three independent combinations of four space-varying medium parameters. If one parameter is known, all other parameters are uniquely reconstructed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6186-6192 
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    Notes: A new proof of the Demidowitsch–Schneider criterion on the absence of closed trajectories of R3 is given. The new proof is generalized and applied in several directions: Rn vector fields (n〉3),... . © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7529-7534 
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    Notes: Smooth perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes whose initial data has compact support outside the horizon are shown to die in time along the trajectory of the asymptotically timelike Killing vector tα. A gravitational or other zero-rest-mass perturbation of a Schwarzschild black hole can be expressed in terms of radial derivatives of a scalar field Φ that satisfies a wave equation with positive potential. A theorem due to Wilcox is used to show that the pointwise limit as t→±∞ of Φ and all its derivatives vanishes. This result strengthens previous work that bounds the perturbation in time. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7521-7528 
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    Notes: We present a new approach for finding conservation laws in the perturbation theory of black holes which applies for the more general cases of non-Hermitian equations governing the perturbations. The approach is based on a general result which establishes that a covariantly conserved current can be obtained from a solution of any system of homogeneous linear differential equations and a solution of the adjoint system. It is shown that the results obtained from the present approach become essentially the same (with some differences) to those obtained by means of the traditional methods in the simplest black hole geometry corresponding to the Schwarzschild space–time. The future applications of our approach for studying the perturbations of black hole space–times in string theory is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7556-7572 
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    Notes: We consider the Kerr and Schwarzschild black-hole space–times in the framework of a three-dimensional formulation of relativistic kinematics and field dynamics, in which local physical observers are represented by non-singular vector fields of bounded length in a three-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space. A space–time is represented by a pair of 3-metric and a fundamental 3-vector field satisfying a set of basic equations, each solution of which determines uniquely a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations. It is shown that the only spherically symmetric solution of our basic equations leads to the Schwarzschild space–time, thereby proving a version of Birkoff's theorem in this formalism. The Schwarzschild horizon and the Kerr stationary limit are both related to the upper bound of the length of the corresponding physical 3-vector fields. An example of a solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations shows that nonstationary space–times can also be formulated in this three-dimensional relativity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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