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  • Male  (56)
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • Springer  (42)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1985-1989  (98)
  • 1987  (98)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (56)
  • Springer  (42)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (98)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of methyl-coenzyme M reductase in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Methyl-CoM reductase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colloidal gold ; Energy conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were fixed with glutaraldehyde, sectioned and labeled with antibodies against the β subunit of component C (=methyl-CoM reductase) of methyl-CoM reductase system and with colloidal gold-labeled protein A. It was found that the gold particles were located predominantly in the vicinity of the cytoplasmic membrane, when the cells were grown under conditions where methyl-CoM reductase was not overproduced. This finding confirms the recent data obtained with Methanococcus voltae showing via the same immunocytochemical localization technique that in this organism methyl-CoM reductase is membrane associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00415283
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nitrogenase in vesicles of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 by immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1987), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultracryotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 showed specific labelling of nitrogenase in the spherical cells called vesicles. No label was found in the hyphae in any cells grown on a medium with combined nitrogen, nor in those to which no specific antiserum was added. Similar results were obtained with cultures grown under high (20%) and low (2%) oxygen tension in the gas phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410930
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of ornithine decarboxylase in the chick embryo during organogenesis (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Chick embryo ; Organogenesis A ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and thus in cell growth, was determined in the 4.5-day-old chick embryo, using two independent methods of analysis. ODC protein was identified by indirect immunofluorescence with a monospecific ODC antibody, and catalytically active ODC was identified by autoradiography with α-(5-3H) difluoromethylornithine. Both methods revealed a basically similar distribution of ODC within the embryo. Among the organs, the brain exhibited the highest ODC levels. ODC levels were also high in spinal cord, mesonephric tubules and heart. Similar levels, but confined to limited areas, were found in liver tissue, head mesenchyme, and the oral and pharyngeal regions. Organs that exhibited high ODC levels are all engaged in rapid growth, as well as in extensive tissue remodeling and differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216549
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural evidence for a neurophysinergic innervation of the subcommissural organ of the snake Natrix maura (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Innervation ; Neu rophysins ; Mesotocin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Snake, Natrix maura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcommissural organ (SCO) of the snake Natrix maura was studied by use of the immunoperoxidase procedure. Primary antisera against bovine neurophysins (Nps I + II, OXY-Np), oxytocin (OXY), mesotocin (MST), arginine-vasotocin (AVT), somatostatin (SOM), β-endorphin (END) and bovine Reissner's fiber were used. A conventional ultrastructural study, with special emphasis on the nerve fibers present in the SCO, was also performed. Nerve fibers containing immunoreactive OXY-Np and MST were seen to reach the SCO. The staining of adjacent sections with the anti-Reissner's fiber serum showed that the OXY-Np- and MST-immunoreactive fibers were distributed among the cell bodies and processes of the ependymal secretory cells. No fibers containing immunoreactive OXY, AVT, SOM or END were found in the SCO. The ultrastructural analysis revealed in the SCO the presence of nerve fibers filled with electron-dense granules, 170–210 nm in diameter. Although a direct apposition between these fibers and the SCO cells was frequently seen, no synaptic differentiations were identified. Structures identical to the Herring bodies (found in the neurohypophysis) were seen in the SCO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218215
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical markers revealing retinal and pineal but not hypothalamic photoreceptor systems in the Japanese quail (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Pineal organ ; Hypothalamus ; Opsin ; α-Transducin ; Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Japanese quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retinal proteins opsin,α-transducin, S-antigen and interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) are essential for the processes of vision. By use of immunocyto-chemistry we have employed antibodies directed against these “photoreceptor proteins” in an attempt to identify the photoreceptor systems (retina, pineal and deep brain) of the Japanese quail. Opsin immunostaining was identified within many outer (basal portion) and inner segments of retinal photoreceptor cells and limited numbers of photoreceptor perikarya. Opsin immunostaining was also demonstrated in limited numbers of pinealocytes with all parts of these cells being immunoreactive. These results differ from previous observations. In contrast to the results obtained with the antibody against opsin, S-antigen andα-transducin immunostaining was seen throughout the entire outer segments and many photoreceptor perikarya of the retina. In the pineal organ immunostaining was seen in numerous pinealocytes in all follicles. These results conform to previous findings in birds. In addition, IRBP has been demonstrated for the first time in the avian retina and pineal organ. These findings underline the structural and functional similarities between the retina and pineal organ and provide additional support for a photoreceptive role of the avian pineal. No specific staining was detected in any other region of the brain in the Japanese quail; the hypothalamic photoreceptors of birds remain unidentified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239977
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin-, glucagonand somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the endocrine pancreas of the lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine pancreas ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neoceratodus forsteri (Australian lungfish)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine pancreas of the Australian lungfish,Neoceratodus forsteri, was investigated immunocytochemically for the presence of polypeptide hormone-producing cells. Three cell types were identified, namely insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive elements. The insulin cells are confined solely to the center of the islets. Glucagon and somatostatin cells are distributed peripherally around the central mass of the insulin cells. Isolated cells or clusters of glucagon and somatostatin cells are also dispersed within the exocrine parenchyma. The immunoreactive cell types are compared with those staining with standard histological procedures. The spatial relationships of the different cell populations are examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivities in rodent salivary glands and testis (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Salivary glands ; Antibodies ; Immunocytochemistry ; Affinity purification ; Specificity tests ; Testis ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of polyclonal affinity-purified antibodies against mouse submandibular-gland nerve growth factor (NGF) are described. Using the submandibular gland of the male mouse and indirect immunofluorescence, the specificity and sensitivity of affinity-purified immunoglobulins and various other fractions from the immunized animals have been tested. It will be shown that affinity-purification schemes, including pre-purification of protein A-fractionated immunoglobulins to remove antibodies that bind to unrelated hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins, significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and specificity of the antibodies. The antibodies effectively detect NGF-like immunoreactivity in both fresh and fixed glandular tissue. Optimal fixation procedures are described. Fluorescence intensities are linearly correlated to log antibody concentration. By use of the best antibody fractions and optimal fixation protocols, the distribution of NGF-like immunoreactivity is described in eight different salivary glands (rat and mouse, male and female, submandibular and sublingual glands). In addition to the well-known large numbers of immunoreactive cells in the submandibular gland of the male mouse, immunoreactive cells were found in the sublingual gland of male mice and in the submandibular and sublingual glands of female mice. One antibody revealed a weak specific fluorescence also in the submandibular gland of the male mouse. In a survey of genital organs of male mice, one antibody revealed fluorescence in the germ cell line. We conclude that several polyclonal affinity-purified antibodies have been characterized that show a strong NGF-dependent binding to the secretory granules of tubular cells in the submandibular gland of male mice. These antibodies should make it possible to locate endogenous and perturbed NGF levels immunocytochemically, e.g., in the peripheral and central nervous system, where NGF concentrations may be several orders of magnitude lower than in the salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218194
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An FMRFamide antiserum differentiates between populations of antigens in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Immunocytochemistry ; FMRFamide ; Bovine pancreatic polypeptide ; Insects ; Schistocerca gregaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of FMRFamide-irmunoreactive cell bodies in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is described. Most of the immunoreactive cell bodies are found in the pars intercerebralis and in the optic lobes. Many, but not all, of the cell bodies also react with an antiserum raised against bovine pancreatic polypeptide, but this antiserum also reveals another population of cells that stain selectively with this antiserum. In addition to the cell bodies, numerous immunoreactive processes are revealed by both antisera in neuropilar regions of the brain. The results of blocking experiments suggest that a differential distribution of three locust antigens can be determined from the examination of alternate serial sections stained with the two antisera used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214659
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of the GABAergic innervation of the mouse pituitary by use of antibodies against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) ; Pituitary ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The GABAergic innervation of the mouse pituitary, including the median eminence, was studied at light microscopic and ultrastructural levels by use of a pre-embedding immunocytochemical technique with antibodies directed against GABA. In the median eminence, a high density of GABA-immunoreactive fibers was found in the external layer where the GABAergic varicosities were frequently observed surrounding the blood vessels of the primary capillary plexus. In the internal and subependymal layers, only few fibers were immunoreactive. The intense labeling of the external layer was observed in the entire rostro-caudal extent of the median eminence. In the pituitary proper, a dense network of GABA-immunoreactive fibers was revealed throughout the neural and intermediate lobes, entering via the hypophyseal stalk. The anterior and tuberal lobes were devoid of any immunoreactivity. The GABA-immunoreactive terminals were characterized in the median eminence, and in the intermediate and posterior lobes at the electron-microscopic level. They contained small clear vesicles, occasionally associated with dense-core vesicles or neurosecretory granules. In the intermediate lobe they were seen to be in contact with the glandular cells. In the posterior lobe and in the median eminence, GABA-immunoreactive terminals were frequently located in the vicinity of blood vessels. These results further support the concept of a role of GABA in the regulation of hypophyseal functions, via the portal blood for the anterior lobe, directly on the cells in the intermediate lobe, and via axo-axonic mechanisms in the median eminence and posterior lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216544
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal expression of muscle-specific isoactins in multiple organs of the Wistar-Kyoto rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Isoactin ; Muscle ; Fetus ; Ontogeny ; Rat (Wistar-Kyoto)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Actin, a cytoskeletal and contractile protein, is expressed in six different isoforms that exhibit striking specificity. No studies have considered the muscle-specific actin expression in multiple organ systems in the intact fetus. Using a monoclonal antibody (B4) which reacts specifically with the isoactins of the smooth and skeletal muscle our immunohistochemical study examined whole fetal body sections to follow the development of actin expression throughout the last third of gestation in the Wistar-Kyoto rat. B4 staining was exclusively localized to muscle, confirming its high specificity and its usefulness for studying the ontogeny of muscle-specific isoactins. At 15 days of gestation, B4 staining was detected in the heart, the thoracic aorta and the skeletal muscle of the chest wall. The distribution and intensity of staining in the heart were initially higher than in the aorta or skeletal muscle and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of gestation, suggesting that the maturation of cardiac actin expression is well developed, although not fully completed before birth. Expression of muscle-specific actins in skeletal muscle was age-dependent and correlated with the maturational changes of muscle cell precursors. B4 staining in the fetal kidney was not apparent until day 20 of gestation and was localized to the inner cortical vessels. in association with the most mature nephrons, suggesting a centrifugal maturation of the intrarenal vasculature. The intensity of B4 staining in most tissues including bronchi, bowel, diaphragm, chest wall muscle and peripheral and pulmonary arteries increased by the end of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214647
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reissner's fiber, massa caudalis and ampulla caudalis in the spinal cord of lamprey larvae (Geotria australis) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reissner's fiber ; Massa caudalis ; Subcommissural organ ; Spinal cord ; Central canal ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin histochemistry ; Lamprey ; Geotria australis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcommissural organ (SCO), Reissner's fiber (RF) and its massa caudalis of lamprey larvae (Geotria australis) were investigated immunocytochemically by use of an antiserum raised against bovine RF as primary antibody. The affinities of RF and massa caudalis for Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA) with and without previous acid hydrolysis, concanavalin A (Con A), wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), aldehyde fuchsin, and PAS reaction were also studied. SCO and massa caudalis were strongly immunoreactive, whereas RF proper was distinctly negative. RF did not react with Con A and RCA. Only the periphery of RF was WGA-positive. RCA showed affinity for RF only after acid hydrolysis. RF was homogeneously stained by the aldehyde-fuchsin and PAS-methods. At variance with RF proper, the periphery of the massa caudalis reacted with RCA without previous acid hydrolysis, but its core was WGA-positive and reacted with RCA only after hydrolysis. It is suggested that (i) RF has a coat of glycoproteins containing sialic acid as terminal residue, whereas the massa caudalis possesses a coat with galactose as terminal residue; (ii) in RF proper and the massa caudalis the spatial arrangement of glycoproteins might be different. Routine transmission electron-microscopic observations indicate that in larvae of Geotria australis an open communication exists between the ampulla caudalis and blood capillaries via large cavities or lacunae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218317
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of pyrazine-binding protein in bovine nasal mucosa (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Odorant-binding protein ; 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies have been raised against purified bovine pyrazine-binding protein, a protein that binds the odorant 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine. These antibodies have been utilized in immunocytochemical experiments to localize the pyrazine-binding protein in bovine nasal mucosa. Tissue fragments, macroscopically identified as olfactory and respiratory mucosa, were fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. Consecutive serial sections were processed for immunofluorescence studies and restained either with haematoxylin-eosin or with periodic acid Schiff-Alcian Blue. In both olfactory and respiratory mucosa, only seromucous tubulo-acinar glands were specifically labelled. These glands are located in the lamina propria underlying typical respiratory epithelium, even in those tissues that are macroscopically defined as olfactory mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218329
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239961
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by gonadotrophs and lactotrophs in the pituitary glands of the guinea pig, hamster and gerbil (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-cells ; Prolactin cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Estrogen ; Autoradiography ; Guinea pig ; Hamster ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) cells was examined in three species of rodents (guinea pigs, hamsters and gerbils) using the combined techniques of immunocyto-chemistry and autoradiography. Castrated animals were injected with3H-estradiol and decapitated 1.5 h later. The pituitary glands were processed for thaw-mount autoradiography followed by conventional immunocytochemical staining for LH and PRL.3H-estradiol accumulated in more than 80% of the anterior pituitary cells in the gerbils, while only 33 and 22% of the cells accumulated3H-estradiol in the hamsters and guinea pigs, respectively. A varying percentage of immunoreactive LH and PRL cells in all three species were found also to contain binding sites for estradiol. Some LH and PRL cells in hamsters and guinea pigs and only some in PRL cells of gerbils were found to be devoid of grains. Quantitative analysis revealed that the number of grains per nucleus differed considerably from cell to cell. LH cells of guinea pigs accumulated much larger amounts of3H-estradiol than did the PRL cells, while the LH cells in the hamsters and gerbils accumulated only slightly more3H-estradiol than the PRL cells. These results confirm the previous observations in rats and baboons that demonstrated tremendous species differences in percentage of cells in the anterior pituitary gland that accumulated3H-estradiol. Also, these data suggest that there are functionally heterogeneous cell types among the LH and PRL cells in hamsters, guinea pigs and gerbils as has been previously demonstrated in rats and baboons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239965
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amacrine cells with neurotensin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in three species of teleosts with different color vision (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 663-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurotensin ; Somatostatin ; Color vision ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotensin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities were localized by pre-embedding techniques in retinal whole-mounts and radial sections of a monochromatic glass catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis), a dichromatic cichlid species (Aequidens pulcher), and the tetrachromatic roach (Rutilus rutilus). Both neuropeptides were observed in perikarya and processes of amacrine cells. For a precise identification of cell types, tangential and radial views were correlated with Golgiimpregnated material. The dendritic pattern defining the morphological subtype of amacrine cells was determined by the given neuropeptide or by the species-specific degree of complexity of retinal structure and function. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was localized in amacrine cells of intermediate size, radial symmetry and dendrites with numerous varicosities; they were monostratified in sublayer 3 of the inner plexiform layer. This cell type was common to all three species. In the mono and dichromatic retinas, a single type of amacrine cell with somatostatinlike immunoreactivity was found with radially oriented, varicose dendrites in sublayer 5. In the tetrachromatic roach retina, two somatostatin-positive amacrine cell types were found with very different patterns of ramification; furthermore, both of these types occurred in more than one sublayer. Possible functional implications for color vision of neuropeptide-specific amacrine cells with uniform morphology in all three species and those with a more varied morphology in the tetrachromatic roach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216497
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of albumin in ovarian follicles of fertile rats (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 699-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Albumin ; Ovarian follicles ; Granulosa cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate whether albumin (Alb) can be detected in ovarian rat granulosa cells. Using immunocytochemistry and morphometrics, the percentages of Alb-positive follicles (follicle-index), of Alb-positive granulosa cells (granulosa-index), and of strongly reacting follicles (intensity-index) were evaluated in intact and regressing follicles of different diameter groups during different stages of the estrous cycle. In intact follicles, the follicle- and the granulosa-index increased from small-sized to large-sized follicles. Although the follicle-index did not change in any group during the stages of the estrous cycle, the granulosa-index was higher during proestrus than during the other stages. Intact follicles showed a stronger immunoreactivity than regressing follicles throughout the stages of the estrous cycle. Thus, Alb may be a requirement for the control of follicle growth in fertile rats. This Alb function may be attributable to Alb binding to specific cell-membrane components followed by the intracellular uptake of Alb-bound substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216501
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of 5HT-immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus galloprovincialis (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Serotonin ; Mytilus galloprovincialis ; pedal ganglion ; Invertebrate nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonergic cell bodies and fibers were identified in the pedal ganglia of Mytilus gattoprovincialis with a serum raised against serotonin and the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase pre- and post-embedding methods. Examination of Vibratome and serial semithin sections showed that most reactive perikarya are located in the ganglionic cortex, being mainly concentrated at the medial aspect of the postero-dorsal portion of the ganglia. Immunoreactive fibers form a dense network in the neuropil, extend throughout the commissure and run parallel in the nerves and connective tracts. The morphology of serotonin-positive cells compared with that of Golgi-impregnated neurons allows the identification of a main population of unipolar, probably projecting neurons and of smaller multipolar cells likely representing local circuit elements. The ultrastructure of labelled neurons is comparable to that of serotonergic cells described in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215424
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic and immunocytochemical analyses of Weibel-Palade bodies in the human umbilical vein during pregnancy (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Weibel-Palade body ; Human umbilical vein ; Factor VIII-related antigen ; Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was done to elucidate the biological significance of the Weibel-Palade body of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Quantitative determinations of these endothelial-specific granules throughout pregnancy revealed that their numbers and size per cell profile were maintained at low levels from 12 to 19 weeks of gestation; then both rapidly increased from 33 weeks to full term. This increase coincided with the development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the number of endothelial cell pinocytotic vesicles. Light-microscopic peroxidase anti-peroxidase and electron-microscopic protein A-gold techniques provided evidence that factor VIII-related antigen was localized in the Weibel-Palade bodies. Furthermore, in vitro treatment of incubated umbilical vein tissue with compound 48/80, a histamine releaser, induced degranulation of Weibel-Palade bodies from the endothelium. The present study indicates that Weibel-Palade bodies are storage sites of both histamine and factor VIII-related antigen and have an important role in the obliteration of this vessel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217327
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    The ultrastructure of nerve endings containing pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) in crustacean sinus glands: Identification by an antiserum against a synthetic PDH (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment-dispersing hormone ; Ultrastructural histochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurosecretion ; Crustaceans (Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator, Orconectes limosus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high-liter antiserum has been obtained from two rabbits immunized with a glutaraldehyde conjugate of synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator and bovine thyroglobulin. The antiserum blocked melanophore-dispersing activity of the peptide in vivo. In sinus glands (SG) of Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Orconectes limosus, electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed sparsely distributed axon endings containing a distinct PDH-immunoreactive type of neurosecretory granules (diameter 90–130 nm). Exocytotic figures indicating release of the content of these granules into hemolymph lacunae were occasionally observed. Preservation of fine structure and antigenicity of the PDH granules were markedly dependent on the fixation procedure used. A preliminary experiment with C. maenas showed that preterminal axon dilatations near the basal lamina seemed to accumulate PDH-granules when animals were kept in complete darkness for three days. Immunodot blotting of fractions after high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracts from SGs of C. maenas and O. limosus revealed a strongly immunoreactive substance at a retention time very similar to those of synthetic PDHs of Uca pugilator and Pandalus borealis. It is also coincident with a zone of biological activity. Thus, the antigen demonstrated by immunocytochemistry is identical or very similar to one of the known PDHs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219082
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    Immunocytochemical localization of pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) and its coexistence with FMRFamide-immunoreactive material in the eyestalks of the decapod crustaceans Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 365-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment-dispersing hormone (crustaceans) ; FMRFamide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurosecretion ; Crustaceans: Carcinus maenas, Orconectes limosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of a new antiserum, raised against synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator, immunoreactive structures were studied at the light-microscopic level in the eyestalk ganglia of Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus. PDH-reactivity was mainly found in two types of neurons that were located between the medulla interna (MI) and the medulla terminalis (MT) in both species. Several additional perikarya were located in the distal part of the MI in O. limosus. In C. maenas, two to three PDH-positive perikarya were found in the region of the X-organ (XO) in the MT. Processes from single and clustered cells could be traced into all medullae of the eyestalk. Axons from the immunoreactive perikarya running between MI and MT form a larger tract that traverses the MT. Fibers from this tract give rise to extensive arborizations and plexuses throughout the proximal MT. A plexus containing very fine fibers is located at the surface of the MT in a position distal to the XO-area of C. maenas only. The proximal plexus also receives PDH-positive fibers through the optic nerve. PDH-perikarya in the cerebral ganglion may also project into the more distal regions of the eyestalk. Distal projections of the perikarya between the MI and MT consist of several branches. Most of these are directed toward the MI and ME (medulla externa) wherein they form highly organized, layered plexuses. One branch was traced into the principal neurohemal organ, the sinus gland (SG). In the SG, the tract gives off arborizations and neurosecretory terminals. It then proceeds in a proximal direction out of the SG, adjacent to the MT. Its further course could not be elucidated. The lamina ganglionaris (LG) receives PDH-fibers from the ME and fine processes from small perikarya located in close association with the LG in the distal part of the first optic chiasma. The architecture of PDH-positive elements was similar in both C. maenas and O. limosus. The distribution of these structures suggests that PDH is not only a neurohormone but may, in addition, have a role as a neurotransmitter or modulator. Immunostaining of successive sections with an FMRF-amide antiserum revealed co-localization of FMRFamideand PDH-immunoreactivities in most, but not all PDH-containing perikarya and fibers. The axonal branch leading to the SG and the SG proper were devoid of FMRFamide immunoreactivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219081
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    Immunocytochemical localization of lactoferrin in human neutrophils (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lactoferrin ; Electron microscope ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neutrophils ; Morphometry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcellular localization of lactoferrin in human neutrophils was studied by an electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase method. This molecule was detected in small granules of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A morphometrical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the mean size between lactoferrin-positive and myeloperoxidase-negative granules. In contrast, the mean size of myeloperoxidase-positive granules was significantly larger than that of lactoferrin-positive granules. This indicates that lactoferrin is contained in the myeloperoxidase-negative, secondary, granules of human neutrophils. In immature bone marrow mononuclear neutrophils, lactoferrin was present in cytoplasmic granules of somewhat larger size than lactoferrin-positive granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A morphometrical study showed that the mean size of lactoferrin-positive granules was significantly greater in immature bone marrow cells than in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. This indicates that lactoferrin-positive granules decrease in size as the cells mature. Besides cytoplasmic granules, lactoferrin was demonstrated in the Golgi complex and a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of immature bone marrow neutrophils, probably myelocytes and early metamyelocytes. These results show that lactoferrin is synthesized and packed into secondary granules in immature bone marrow neutrophils and therefore that the secondary granules are a type of secretory granule.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218306
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    Co-localization of the immunoreactivities of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasotocin in the brain and pituitary system of the teleost Catostomus commersoni (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 267-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus preopticus ; Nucleus lateralis tuberis ; Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) ; Arginine vasotocin (AVT) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Catostomus commersoni (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical procedure was used to study the distribution of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) immunoreactivities sequentially in the same sections or in adjacent sections of the brain and pituitary of Catostomus commersoni. It was found that all CRF-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the nucleus preopticus (NPO) also contained AVT immunoreactivity. Co-localization of both immunoreactivities was also observed in fibres forming the preoptic-pituitary tract and in the neurohypophyseal digitations, the IR-CRF and IR-AVT fibres projecting mainly to the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary. An additional population of exclusively IR-AVT neurons and fibres in the NPO, preoptic-pituitary tract and NIL was also observed. Exclusive CRF-immunostaining was found in neurons of the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT), in fibres distributed in some diencephalic nuclei and in the neurohypophyseal digitations in the region of the rostral pars distalis (RPD). These results suggest (i) that CRF- and AVT-like substances, present in NIL fibres (probably originating in the NPO), may have an integrated role in the release of the cell products from the pars intermedia, and (ii) that the control of corticotrops in the rostral pars distalis, innervated exclusively by IR-CRF fibres (probably originating in the NLT), does not require a simultaneous presence of CRF- and AVT-like substances.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218308
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    Segregation of FMRF amide-immunoreactive efferent fibers from NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells in goldfish retina (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 299-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide ; FMRFamide ; Retina ; Immunocytochemistry ; Carassius auratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical studies were conducted on goldfish to determine whether a retinal efferent fiber system, immunoreactive to the tetrapeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide), might contain instead a substance similar to one of the 36-amino acid pancreatic polypeptides, the C-terminus of which is similar to FMRFamide. Our results demonstrate the presence of two separate peptidergic systems, one containing FMRFamide-like, and the other pancreatic polypeptide-like peptides. Antisera to FMRFamide reveal the efferent fibers, whose axons exit the optic nerve and terminate in layer 1 of the inner plexiform layer, as previously described. Antisera to porcine neuropeptide Y, and to avian and bovine pancreatic polypeptides label a sparse population of putative amacrine cell bodies and a dense fiber plexus in layers 1, 3, and 5 of the inner plexiform layer. Based on intensity of staining, this amacrine cell peptide appears to be most similar to neuropeptide-Y. Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical staining of retinas in which the efferent fiber peptide was depleted by optic nerve crush confirm in large part the observation that the two peptide systems are distinct. However, there is some cross-recognition of the FMRFamide-like tissue antigen by pancreatic polypeptide antibodies. Double-label studies with antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase and neuropeptide-Y indicate that the pancreatic polypeptide antigen is not co-localized with catecholamines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218311
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    Immunocytochemistry of GABA in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion ofManduca sexta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 1-24 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect nervous system ; Protocerebrum ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used specific antisera against protein-conjugatedγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in immunocytochemical preparations to investigate the distribution of putatively GABAergic neurons in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta. About 20000 neurons per brain hemisphere exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. Most of these are optic-lobe interneurons, especially morphologically centrifugal neurons of the lamina and tangential neurons that innervate the medulla or the lobula complex. Many GABA-immunoreactive neurons, among them giant fibers of the lobula plate, project into the median protocerebrum. Among prominent GABA-immunoreactive neurons of the median protocerebrum are about 150 putatively negative-feedback fibers of the mushroom body, innervating both the calyces and lobes, and a group of large, fan-shaped neurons of the lower division of the central body. Several commissures in the supra- and suboesophageal ganglion exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. In the suboesophageal ganglion, a group of contralaterally descending neurons shows GABA-like immunoreactivity. The frontal ganglion is innervated by immunoreactive processes from the tritocerebrum but does not contain GABA-immunoreactive somata. With few exceptions the brain nerves do not contain GABA-immunoreactive fibers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239957
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    Electron-microscopic characterization of adrenergic axon terminals in the diencephalon of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 393-398 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Central nervous system ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of adrenergic axon terminals was examined in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PNT) and in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence (ARC-ME) complex by use of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) immunocytochemistry. In the PNT, immunoreactive terminals formed a dense and well-circumscribed plexus. In the ARC, labeled varicosities were less numerous and more evenly distributed. In the ME, they were scarce and confined to the inner zone. In all these areas, the diameter of immunoreactive varicosities ranged between 0.2 and 1.3 μm; in the ME and in the transitional zone between the ARC and the ME, a population of larger boutons (〉2 μm) was also visible. All immunoreactive varicosities exhibited densely packed small, clear vesicles associated with a few large granular vesicles. In the PNT and the ARC, but not in the ME, they formed synaptic contacts with dendritic elements and were occasionally apposed to neuronal cell bodies. These axo-somatic appositions showed no junctional specializations. In the ME and transitional zone, immunoreactive terminals were frequently juxtaposed to, and occasionally established differentiated synaptic contacts with, tanycytes. These data support a transmitter role for adrenaline in the diencephalon and suggest that adrenaline plays a role in hypothalamo-hypophysiotropic regulation through interactions with neural and glial elements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218207
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    Osteonectin — a differentiation marker of bone cells (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 409-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone matrix ; Osteonectin ; Osteoblasts ; Immunocytochemistry ; Differentiation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone matrix consists of type-I collagen and noncollagenous proteins. The latter represent only 10% of its total protein content. Since type-I collagen is also present in various other connective tissue sites (e.g., skin) it cannot be considered as bone specific. Among the non-collagenous components osteonectin — a 32 kilodalton (KD) glycoprotein linking mineral to collagen fibrils — is thought to be bone specific due to its biochemical properties. In the present study various skeletal and non-skeletal tissues were investigated for the presence of osteonectin by means of immunocytochemical methods. Two polyclonal antibodies against human and bovine osteonectin were applied. Immunocytochemically, osteonectin could be demonstrated in active osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells as well as in young osteocytes, while aged, quiescent osteocytes did not contain the protein, suggesting that the protein is a marker of the osteoblastic functional differentiation of bone cells. Osteonectin was absent in all non-skeletal tissues with the exception of chondrocytes in so-called mineralizing chondroid bone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218209
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    Patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 625-632 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Annelids ; Lumbricus terrestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the cerebral and subpharyngeal ganglion, and in the head and tail ganglia of the nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris are described from whole-mount preparations. A small number of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons occurs in the cerebral ganglion, in contrast to the large population of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons that exists in all parts of the ventral nerve cord. From the arrangement of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the subpharyngeal ganglion, we suggest that this ganglion arises from the fusion of two primordial ganglia. In head and tail ganglia, the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive somata resembles that in midbody segments. Segmental variations in the pattern and number of serotonin-immunoreactive somata in the different body regions are discussed on the background of known developmental mechanisms that result in metameric neuronal populations in annelids and arthropods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217334
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    Electron-microscopic immunogold localization of a collecting-duct antigen (PCD2) in intercalated and principal cells of rabbit kidney (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 633-640 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Collecting duct ; Immunocytochemistry ; Intercalated cell ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody against an antigen (PCD2) derived from the rabbit renal papilla recognized principal and intercalated cells of the collecting duct system in the adult rabbit kidney. Intercalated cells were heterogeneous in the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct, where immunoreactive and unreactive cells were shown to coexist. In the outer medullary collecting duct, all intercalated cells exhibited PCD2-immunoreactivity. Connecting tubule cells proper were not recognized by the antibody, whereas all principal cells of the collecting duct revealed specific immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemical heterogeneity of the intercalated cells is discussed in terms of a functional heterogeneity. Cytologically, the immunogold labeling of principal and intercalated cells was shown to occur along the plasmalemma, in the intracellular membrane structures and along the Golgi transport route. This pattern suggests that the antigenic determinant, which is ubiquitous in both principal and reactive intercalated cells, belongs to a membrane protein.
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    The pineal organ is the first differentiated light receptor in the embryonic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 641-646 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Development ; Photoreceptors ; Retinal S-antigen ; α-Transducin ; Opsin ; Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Teleosts (Salmo salar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The initial appearance of S-antigen, α-transducin, opsin and 5-HT during embryogenesis of the pineal organ and retina was studied by means of immunocytochemistry in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The presence of these substances may be taken as a good indication of photoreceptor differentiation; α-transducin and S-antigen are involved in the phototransduction process, opsin is the proteinaceous component of the photopigment rhodopsin, and 5-HT is a neurotransmitter or neurohormone produced by pineal photoreceptors. Two days after the retinal pigment layer became visible in the eggs, the outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells showed immunoreactivity to opsin and α-transducin. At the same time S-antigen and serotonin were present in pineal cells of the photoreceptor type. The number of immunoreactive cells in the pineal organ increased up to hatching. In the differentiating retina of the salmon, no immunoreactivity to antibodies raised against the mentioned substances was detectable until after hatching. These results indicate that in ontogeny the developing pineal organ of the salmon embryo has the ability to perceive light information much earlier than the retina.
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    Ultrastructural demonstration of nerve endings containing a substance related to growth hormone-releasing factor in the guinea-pig paraventricular nucleus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 223-226 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Synapses ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of a preembedding immuno-electronmicroscopic technique, a large number of nerve endings containing a substance related to human growth hormonereleasing factor (hGRF) have been demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of the guinea pig. They made synaptic contacts primarily with dendritic shafts: 80% of these contacts were symmetrical. The immunoprecipitate was located mainly in large granules and around small clear vesicles. These findings suggest that a peptide related to hGRF may play a role in neural communication in the paraventricular nucleus.
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    Serotonin-immunoreactive and dopamine-immunoreactive neurones in the terminal ganglion of the cricket, Acheta domestica: Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Dopamin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Terminal ganglion ; Acheta domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and ultrastructure of serotonin- and dopamine-immunoreactive (5-HTi and DAi) neurones have been investigated in the terminal ganglion of the cricket, Acheta domestica, using a pre-embedding chopper technique. Special attention has been paid to the immunoreactive structures in the neuropil. 5-HTi structures are extensively distributed and densely packed throughout the 5 neuromeres of the terminal ganglion and originate from several interneurones and efferent neurones. In contrast, DAi fibres are distributed sparsely although they extend to all neuromeres of the ganglion and originate from 6 interneurons only. For both 5-HTi and DAi neurones characteristic axonal projections and branching patterns can be distinguished. The 5-HTi axons exhibit rich varicose arborizations, whereas DAi neurones possess fewer varicosities in the neuropil. Electron microscopy shows that 5-HTi varicosities contain small (∼ 60 nm) and large (∼ 100 nm) agranular vesicles, and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles, whereas in DAi varicosities small (∼ 60 nm) agranular and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles are seen. Both 5-HTi and DAi varicosities form synaptic contacts. We conclude that both serotonin and dopamine may be used as neurotransmitters in the terminal ganglion of the cricket.
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    Morphological correlates of serotonin-neuropeptide Y interactions in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: Combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical data (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 657-662 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neuropeptide Y ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Radioautography ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological substrate of putative serotonin (5-HT)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) interactions in thé suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by combined radioautography and immunocytochemistry after intraventricular administration of (3H)5-HT in the rat. In the ventral portion of the SCN, the distribution of (3H)5-HT uptake sites overlapped closely the NPY-immunoreactive terminals. Previous investigations have shown that the dense 5-HT and NPY innervations of the SCN originate in different structures, i.e., the midbrain raphe nuclei and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, respectively. Accordingly, in the present study, destruction of 5-HT afferents by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine was not found to induce any modification in NPY staining and, in ultrastructural immuno-radioautographic preparations, two distinct pools of axonal varicosities could be identified. Both 5-HT and NPY terminals established morphologically defined synaptic junctions, sometimes on the same neuronal target. Some cases of direct axo-axonic appositions between the two types of terminals were also encountered. These data constitute additional criteria for characterizing the cytological basis of the multiple transmitter interactions presumably involved in the function of the SCN as a central regulator of circadian biological rhythms.
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    Trinucleate cells and the ultrastructural localisation of bovine placental lactogen (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 667-673 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Secretory granules ; Cell fusion ; Cell migration ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunogold localisation ; Placenta ; Placental lactogen ; Trinucleate cell ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bovine placental lactogen activity is shown by immunogold electron microscopy to be restricted to (a) the granules and the Golgi body from which they form in the bovine fetal trophectodermal binucleate cell, and (b) granules of similar size and staining reaction in trinucleate “giant” cells found in the maternal uterine epithelium throughout pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that a fetal binucleate cell forms a maternal giant cell by migration to and fusion with a uterine epithelial cell.
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    Immunocytochemical evidence for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the hypothalamus of the frog Rana esculenta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 559-563 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-MSH ; α-MSH-like peptide ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Frog (Rana esculenta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of immunoreactive α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) within the brain of the frog, Rana esculenta, has been studied on adjacent serial sections using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Immunoreactive cell bodies are found in the anterior part of the preoptic nucleus and in some ventral subependymal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting elements, and in the nucleus infundibularis ventralis. Numerous α-MSH-like immunoreactive fibers are present in the preoptic area, in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum, and in the outer layer of the median eminence. This staining pattern is completely eliminated after preabsorbing the antiserum with the corresponding antigen, but blocking tests with α-MSH-related peptides do not lead to any change in the immunoreaction. From these results it may be inferred that an α-MSH-like system is present in the hypothalamic neurosecretory area of R. esculenta, and is probably related to its hypophysiotropic functions. The results are compared to the distribution of α-MSH within the hypothalamus of reptiles and mammals.
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    Gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactivity in the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 595-598 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrin/CCK ; Immunocytochemistry ; Corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum ; Insect ; Leucophaea maderae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of immunocytochemistry, a gastrin/CCK-like material has been demonstrated in the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Reactivity toward gastrin and CCK with region-specific antisera suggests that the gastrin/CCK-like peptide of this insect contains the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide sequence which is common to gastrin and CCK, and that the material is more gastrin-like than CCK-like. The results indicate that, like other neuropeptides, the gastrin/CCK peptide family appeared early in evolution within neuronal elements, and that the COOH-terminal region of gastrin has been conserved during phylogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216488
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in human sympathetic ganglia (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Sympathetic ganglion ; Co-existence ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of somatostatin-like immunore-activity (SOM-LI) was examined in human lumbar sympathetic ganglia using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Few of the principal neurons showed immunolabelling for somatostatin and sparse networks of nerve terminals were unevenly associated with ganglion cells. Using light microscopy, the most intense SOM-LI was seen in the perinuclear zone of the neurons. Electron-microscopically, the staining was localized on the membranes of the Golgi apparatuses. In the nerve terminals, SOM-LI was seen inside the small vesicles (40–60 nm diameter). All neurons with SOM-LI were also found to be tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive when excamined with a double-staining technique. These results provide evidence that somatostatin and noradrenaline co-exist in human sympathetic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215411
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of rod and cone photoreceptors in the lamprey retina by freeze-replication and immunofluorescence (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Photoreceptor cells ; Freeze-fracturing ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lampetra japonica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In common with other cyclostomata, the Japanese river lamprey (Lampetra japonica) has a retina consisting of distinct types of photoreceptor cells called long and short photoreceptor cells. After freeze-fracture, disc membranes of these photoreceptor cells were characterized in common by a homogeneous distribution of intramembrane particles on the protoplasmic fracture faces, in contrast to those of the myeloid bodies bearing scattering particles. Immunofluorescent examination was applied to the retina with monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine and chicken rhodopsins. Positive immunoreactivity was found to be limited to outer segments of the short cell, leaving the entire body of the long cell and all other components of the retina negative. The results suggest that the short cell is more closely related to a rod-type photoreceptor cell characterized by rhodopsin as its visual pigment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215506
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    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 601-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ventral nerve cord ; Annelids ; Lumbricus terrestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the ventral nerve cord of the earthworm has been investigated from whole-mount preparations and serial sections. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons are organized in seven soma groups per ganglion; these are defined by cell number, soma shape, diameter and fiber projections. Positional variations of this pattern have been studied quantitatively. The number of labeled perikarya is constant in midbody ganglia, but increases markedly rostral to the posterior margin of the clitellum. Variability of position and cell number differs between the cell groups. Stained nerve fibers could only be partially traced; their distribution is described in relation to defined neuronal fiber bundles and segmental nerves. The distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive cells are compared with previous observations, based on pattern analysis of primary catecholamines and indolamines with the use of a formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique. The possible role of serotonin-immunoreactive nervous elements in different nerve cord compartments is discussed with respect to physiological effects of serotonin in earthworms and other invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217332
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cell type-specific markers during pancreatic development in the mouse: implications for pancreatic cell lineages (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Exocrine glands ; Islets of Langerhans ; Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The islet cells of the mammalian pancreas are comprised of four different endocrine cell types, each containing a specific hormone. Islet cells also contain two enzymes of the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). The cell lineage relationships of these different cell types have not been examined and it is not known whether, during development, they originate from the same or from different precursor populations. In this study we used immunocytochemical procedures to determine whether developing pancreatic cells express markers common to endocrine and exocrine cell types. We found that acinar cell precursors express AADC prior to the appearance of an exocrine marker and that the expression of AADC in acinar cells persists throughout embryogenesis to the first month of postnatal life. At this time, acinar cells do not contain AADC. We also found that exocrine cells containing AADC never express other islet-cell markers. These findings suggest that while acinar and islet cells both arise from precursor cells containing AADC, these progenitor cells do not express a combined endocrine-exocrine phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219089
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in absorptive cells of rat small intestine after colchicine treatment (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 521-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Small intestine ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of colchicine and vinblastine on the localization of alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) in rat duodenum in relation to structural changes. AlPase was localized on the membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stacks, cytoplasmic vesicles, microvilli, on lateral plasma membranes, and in some lysosomes of the duodenal epithelial cells of rats treated with either lumicolchicine or 0.9% NaCl alone. Microvilli were most intensely stained, and AlPase-positive Golgi stacks were regularly distributed in the supranuclear regions. After colchicine treatment, microvilli were shortened and the staining intensity became weaker, whereas basal as well as lateral plasma membranes showed stronger staining. The AlPase-positive microvilli appeared not only on the luminal surfaces, but also on the baso-lateral plasma membranes and even on the surfaces of characteristic intracytoplasmic cysts. Golgi stacks became smaller and their distribution became less localized, and the staining intensity of the Golgi stacks became weaker. AlPase localization in rats treated with vinblastine was almost identical with that of rats treated with colchicine. Thus, colchicine and vinblastine appeared to have elicited a disorientation of intracellular transport of intestinal AlPase by inhibiting microtubule organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218943
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pituitary polypetide “7B2” is associated with LH/FSH and TSH cells and is localized within secretory vesicles (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Polypeptide 7B2 ; Adenohypophysis ; Secretion ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A highly conserved polypeptide termed “7B2”, isolated from human and porcine pituitaries, has been reported by immunoreactivity to be distributed in various organs. However, the highest concentration has been found in the pituitary as demonstrated by a specific radioimmunoassay. In order to determine the type of cells within the pituitary that contain 7B2 and to analyse its intracellular localization, specific immunocytochemistry techniques (unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase) were used both for light and electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry of both expiants and monolayer-cell cultures of the adenohypophysis was studied. Immunoreactivity to 7B2 has been found in 21.9% of the total number of cells. After simultaneous staining of serial sections with appropriate antibodies, 7B2 was found to be colocalized with β-LH/β-FSH in gonadotrophs and with β-TSH in thyrotrophs. In situ immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscopic level showed that immunoreactive 7B2 is compartmentalized within secretory granules. The small (130 to 250 nm) but not the large granules (400 to 700 nm) were labeled in gonadotroph-like cells and small granules (90 to 150 nm) were also labeled in thyrothrophlike cells. Study of the gonadotrophs in cell culture after Zamboni's fixation revealed weak to moderate immunoreaction in rough endoplasmic reticulum. The current findings as well as previous data indicate that 7B2 is synthesized, stored and possibly released from the adenohypophysis similarly to many other secretory products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214673
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pellicular complex of euglenoids (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 140 (1987), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Electrophoresis ; Euglenoids ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study of the epiplasmic layers of the pellicular complex of several euglenoids, the following observations were made: 1. Pellicular strips are constructed on the same basic model with each species or group of species having undergone some modifications. 2. The molecular weights of the main proteinaceous constituents of the epiplasmic layer are located in similar zones (180–190 KD and 70–90 KD). 3. Epiplasmic proteins are only solubilized by denaturing agents such as urea/MET or guanidium hydrochloride/MET. 4. Epiplasmic layers consist of fairly basic proteins. 5. The links between epiplasmic proteins are mostly formed by disulfide bonds. 6. The major epiplasmic proteins share common antigenic determinants
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273254
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    Long-term neuropathological and neurochemical effects of nucleus basalis lesions in the rat (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-13
    Description: The long-term effects of excitotoxic lesions in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat were found to mimic several neuropathological and chemical changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neuritic plaque-like structures, neurofibrillary changes, and neuronal atrophy or loss were observed in the frontoparietal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex 14 months after the lesions were made. Cholinergic markers in neocortex were reduced, while catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism was largely unaffected at this time. Bilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis increased somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in the cortex of the rat by at least 138 and 284 percent, respectively, suggesting a functional interaction between cholinergic and peptidergic neurons that may differ from that in Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arendash, G W -- Millard, W J -- Dunn, A J -- Meyer, E M -- HD 17933/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 13;238(4829):952-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2890210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Biogenic Amines/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism/*pathology ; Choline/metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptide Y/analysis ; Olivary Nucleus/*physiology ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatostatin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    AIDS and insects (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Booth, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):355-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*transmission ; Animals ; *Culicidae ; DNA Replication ; Female ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Insect Vectors ; Male ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The growth and composition of the U.S. labor force (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-09
    Description: In sharp contrast with the experiences of all other industrialized nations, the size of the labor force of the United States is growing rapidly while, simultaneously, its age, gender, and ethnic composition are changing markedly. Consequently, human resource issues present an unprecedented challenge in the nation's quest to achieve a fully employed and equitable society. New public policies that focus on labor market adjustment policies will be required if these developments are to be a boon rather than a bane to the emerging postindustrial economy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, V M Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 9;238(4824):176-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca 14851.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Australia ; Canada ; Emigration and Immigration ; *Employment ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; *Population ; Unemployment ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Debate over potential AIDS drug (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):128-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3037699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism ; Depression, Chemical ; Drug Evaluation ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Humans ; Male ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Peptide T ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Receptors, Virus/drug effects ; Retroviridae Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 47
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    Corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat activated by interleukin-1 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: Intraperitoneal administration of human recombinant interleukin-1 (IL-1) to rats can increase blood levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The route by which IL-1 affects pituitary-adrenal activity is unknown. That the IL-1-induced pituitary-adrenal activation involves an increased secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is indicated by three lines of evidence. First, immunoneutralization of CRF markedly attenuated the IL-1-induced increase of ACTH blood levels. Second, after blockade of fast axonal transport in hypothalamic neurons by colchicine, IL-1 administration decreased the CRF immunostaining in the median eminence, indicating an enhanced release of CRF in response to IL-1. Third, IL-1 did not stimulate ACTH release from primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells. These data further support the notion of the existence of an immunoregulatory feedback circuit between the immune system and the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkenbosch, F -- van Oers, J -- del Rey, A -- Tilders, F -- Besedovsky, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):524-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2443979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/physiology ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Axonal Transport/drug effects ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/*physiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/*physiology ; Male ; Median Eminence/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A novel thyroid hormone receptor encoded by a cDNA clone from a human testis library (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-06
    Description: The c-erbA gene belongs to a multigene family that encodes transcriptional regulatory proteins including the v-erbA oncogene product, steroid hormone receptors, and the vitamin D3 receptor. A v-erbA DNA probe encoding the DNA-binding region of the v-erbA protein was used to screen a human complementary DNA testis library. One of the clones isolated, erbA-T-1, was found to encode a 490-amino acid protein (erbA-T). The erbA-T polypeptide shows high homology with the proteins encoded by both the chicken c-erbA and the human c-erbA-beta genes but is most closely related to the chicken gene. The chicken c-erbA and the human c-erbA-beta genes encode high-affinity receptors for thyroid hormone, and here it is shown that the erbA-T protein binds specifically to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine with a dissociation constant of 3.8 +/- 0.2 x 10(-10) M. These data imply that more than one thyroid hormone receptor exists in humans and that these receptors might have different tissue- and gene-activating specificities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benbrook, D -- Pfahl, M -- DK-35083/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 6;238(4828):788-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Center, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3672126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Genes ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/*genetics/metabolism ; Testis/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 49
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    Virus-induced increases in plasma corticosterone (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, A J -- Powell, M L -- Gaskin, J M -- MH25486/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corticosterone/*blood ; Female ; Hypophysectomy ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Models, Biological ; Newcastle Disease/*blood ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/blood ; Stress, Physiological/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Electrical responses of eggs to acrosomal protein similar to those induced by sperm (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-27
    Description: The earliest known response of eggs to sperm in many species is a change in egg membrane potential. However, for no species is it known what components of the sperm cause the opening of the egg plasma membrane channels. Protein isolated from sperm acrosomal granules of the marine worm Urechis caused electrical responses in oocytes with the same form, amplitude, and ion dependence as the fertilization potentials induced by living sperm. Sperm initiated fertilization potentials in oocytes when sperm-oocyte fusion, but not binding, was inhibited by clamping oocyte membrane potentials to positive values. Acrosomal protein also initiated electrical responses in clamped oocytes. These results support the hypothesis that it is the sperm acrosomal protein that opens ion channels in the oocyte membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gould, M -- Stephano, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1654-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrosome/*physiology ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Annelida ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Male ; Sodium/metabolism ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Why do women live longer than men? (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 9;238(4824):158-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; *Life Expectancy ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    Genetic bottlenecks (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx/*genetics ; Animals ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Houseflies/*genetics ; Male ; Mice/genetics ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 and the human immunodeficiency virus in West Africa (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-15
    Description: A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-4) was recently described in healthy people from Senegal. This virus has many properties in common with members of the human T-lymphotropic viruses, particularly the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but does not appear to be associated with immunodeficiency-related disorders. In the present study, serum samples were obtained from 4248 individuals from six West African countries, including Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Ivory Coast. These samples, collected during 1985-1987, were from people categorized as healthy control, sexually active risk, and disease populations. All samples were analyzed for reactivity to HTLV-4 and HIV by radioimmunoprecipitation-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Evidence for HTLV-4 infection was found in five of the six countries. The seroprevalence varied markedly from country to country. Healthy sexually active individuals in the risk category had the highest levels of HTLV-4 infection compared to individuals in the healthy control category and the disease category, the latter including AIDS patients. The seroprevalence of HIV infection in most of these countries was quite low, although tightly associated with the rare cases of AIDS. The biology of HTLV-4 infection thus differs from that of HIV in Central Africa or the United States and Europe. The presence of these viruses and their different pathogenicities in several countries of West Africa indicate the necessity for serologic assays that will distinguish between them. Further studies of their origin and distribution as well as of their biology will be important in advancing our understanding of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanki, P J -- M'Boup, S -- Ricard, D -- Barin, F -- Denis, F -- Boye, C -- Sangare, L -- Travers, K -- Albaum, M -- Marlink, R -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- FOD 630/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):827-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3033826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Adult ; Africa, Western ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Demography ; Female ; HIV/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prisoners ; Prostitution ; Reference Values ; Risk
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    Conservation of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene in mice and humans (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: A portion of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene transcript from human fetal skeletal muscle and mouse adult heart was sequenced, representing approximately 25 percent of the total, 14-kb DMD transcript. The nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences from the two species are nearly 90 percent homologous. The amino acid sequence that is predicted from this portion of the DMD gene indicates that the protein product might serve a structural role in muscle, but the abundance and tissue distribution of the messenger RNA suggests that the DMD protein is not nebulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, E P -- Monaco, A P -- Feener, C C -- Kunkel, L M -- 2T 32 GM07753-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD18658/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS23740/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):347-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Exons ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Muscles/analysis/embryology ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*genetics ; Myocardium/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; X Chromosome
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    Prostate cancer consensus hampered by lack of data (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 26;236(4809):1626-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*therapy ; United States
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    The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-04
    Description: The inherited genetic defect in adenomatous polyposis has been localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 5. Sixteen DNA marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the chromosome. When five kindreds segregating a gene for adenomatous polyposis coli were characterized with a number of the markers, significant linkage was found between one marker and the disease gene. Linkage analysis determined the location of the defective gene within a primary genetic map of chromosome 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leppert, M -- Dobbs, M -- Scambler, P -- O'Connell, P -- Nakamura, Y -- Stauffer, D -- Woodward, S -- Burt, R -- Hughes, J -- Gardner, E -- CA40641/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City 84132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3479843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Colonic Polyps/*genetics ; Female ; Gardner Syndrome/genetics ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*genetics
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    Stable integration and expression of a bacterial gene in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-08-14
    Description: Foreign DNA was successfully introduced into the germline of the African mosquito vector of malaria Anopheles gambiae. Stable integration of genes into the germlines of insects had been achieved previously only in Drosophila melanogaster and related species and required the use of the P element transposon. In these experiments with Anopheles gambiae, the plasmid pUChsneo was used, which contains the selectable marker neo gene flanked by P element inverted repeats. Mosquitoes injected with this plasmid were screened for resistance to the neomycin analog G-418. A single event of plasmid insertion was recovered. Integration appears to be stable and, thus far, resistance to G-418 has been expressed for eight generations. The transformation event appears to be independent of P.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, L H -- Sakai, R K -- Romans, P -- Gwadz, R W -- Kantoff, P -- Coon, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 14;237(4816):779-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3039658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anopheles/embryology/*genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Gentamicins/pharmacology ; Male ; Microinjections ; Plasmids ; *Transformation, Genetic
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    HTLV-V: a new human retrovirus isolated in a Tac-negative T cell lymphoma/leukemia (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: A new human retrovirus was isolated from a continuous cell line derived from a patient with CD4+ Tac- cutaneous T cell lymphoma/leukemia. This virus is related to but distinct from human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). With the use of a fragment of provirus cloned from one patient with T cell leukemia, closely related sequences were found in DNA of the cell line and of tumor cells from seven other patients with the same disease; these sequences were only distantly related to HTLV-I. The phenotype of the cells and the clinical course of the disease were clearly distinguishable from leukemia associated with HTLV-I. All patients and the wife of one patient showed a weak serological cross-reactivity with both HTLV-I and HIV-1 antigens. None of the patients proved to be at any apparent risk for HIV-1 infection. The name proposed for this virus is HTLV-V, and the date indicate that it may be a primary etiological factor in the major group of cutaneous T cell lymphomas/leukemias, including the sporadic lymphomas known as mycoses fungoides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manzari, V -- Gismondi, A -- Barillari, G -- Morrone, S -- Modesti, A -- Albonici, L -- De Marchis, L -- Fazio, V -- Gradilone, A -- Zani, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1581-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche II, Universita di Roma, Tor Vergata, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2825353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/classification/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/*microbiology ; Lymphoma/*microbiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology
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    Accelerated healing of incisional wounds in rats induced by transforming growth factor-beta (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-11
    Description: The role of polypeptide growth factors in the processes of inflammation and repair was investigated by analyzing the influence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), applied directly to linear incisions made through rat dorsal skin. A dose-dependent, direct stimulatory effect of a single application of TGF-beta on the breaking strength of healing incisional wounds was demonstrated. An increase in maximum wound strength of 220 percent of control was observed at 5 days; the healing rate was accelerated by approximately 3 days for at least 14 days after production of the wound and application of TGF-beta. These increases in wound strength were accompanied by an increased influx of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts and by marked increases in collagen deposition at the site of application of TGF-beta. TGF-beta is thus a potent pharmacologic agent that can accelerate wound healing in rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mustoe, T A -- Pierce, G F -- Thomason, A -- Gramates, P -- Sporn, M B -- Deuel, T F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1333-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2442813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Male ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Staining and Labeling ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Wound Healing/*drug effects ; Wounds, Penetrating/*pathology
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    Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-09
    Description: In Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality is among China's highest and, especially in females, is more closely associated with indoor burning of "smoky" coal, as opposed to wood or "smokeless" coal, than with tobacco smoking. Indoor air samples were collected during the burning of all three fuels. In contrast to wood and smokeless coal emissions, smoky coal emission has high concentrations of submicron particles containing mutagenic organics, especially in aromatic and polar fractions. These studies suggested an etiologic link between domestic smoky coal burning and lung cancer in Xuan Wei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumford, J L -- He, X Z -- Chapman, R S -- Cao, S R -- Harris, D B -- Li, X M -- Xian, Y L -- Jiang, W Z -- Xu, C W -- Chuang, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 9;235(4785):217-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3798109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Coal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology/*mortality ; Polycyclic Compounds/analysis ; Smoke/*adverse effects/analysis ; Wood
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    Mitochondrial DNA in sperm (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 27;238(4831):1217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; Male ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Zygote/physiology
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    Isolation of a T-lymphotropic virus from domestic cats with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-13
    Description: A highly T-lymphotropic virus was isolated from cats in a cattery in which all the animals were seronegative for feline leukemia virus. A number of cats in one pen had died and several had an immunodeficiency-like syndrome. Only 1 of 18 normal cats in the cattery showed serologic evidence of infection with this new virus, whereas 10 of 25 cats with signs of ill health were seropositive for the virus. Tentatively designated feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus, this new feline retrovirus appears to be antigenically distinct from human immunodeficiency virus. There is no evidence for cat-to-human transmission of the agent. Kittens experimentally infected by way of blood or plasma from naturally infected animals developed generalized lymphadenopathy several weeks later, became transiently febrile and leukopenic, and continued to show a generalized lymphadenopathy 5 months after infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, N C -- Ho, E W -- Brown, M L -- Yamamoto, J K -- CA-39016-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 13;235(4790):790-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3643650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cat Diseases/*microbiology ; Cats/*microbiology ; Female ; HIV/immunology ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/microbiology/*veterinary ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retroviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Species Specificity
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    Steroidogenesis-activator polypeptide isolated from a rat Leydig cell tumor (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-04-10
    Description: A cycloheximide-sensitive protein responsive to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate has been postulated to participate in the regulation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in steroidogenic tissues. Such a steroidogenesis activator polypeptide (SAP) had been isolated from rat adrenocortical tissue and partially characterized. Now a polypeptide with comparable chromatographic behavior and biological activity has been purified from the rat H-540 Leydig cell tumor in quantities sufficient for amino acid sequencing. The activator contains 30 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 3215. The synthetic construct based on this sequence is virtually equipotent with native H-540 tumor SAP in an adrenal mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage assay. Hormonal regulation of the intracellular concentration of this activator may control the rate of cholesterol metabolism in steroidogenic organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, R C -- Brownie, A C -- AM18141/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD00613/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD19309/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 10;236(4798):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3563495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/analysis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; *Heat-Shock Proteins ; Leydig Cell Tumor/*analysis ; Male ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; *Molecular Chaperones ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Proteins/*analysis ; Rats ; Steroids/*biosynthesis
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    Localization, secretion, and action of inhibin in human placenta (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-10
    Description: Inhibin is a gonadal glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland and exhibits intragonadal actions as well. The present study shows that inhibin-like immunoreactivity (inhibin-LI) is present in cells of the cytotrophoblast layer of human placenta at term and in primary cultures of human trophoblasts. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated secretion of inhibin-LI from these cultured placental cells. This effect was mimicked by 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-bromo-cAMP), forskolin, and cholera toxin, suggesting that the mechanism of hCG induction of placental inhibin-LI secretion is cAMP-dependent. Incubation with an antiserum that binds the alpha-subunit of human inhibin increased the secretion of hCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity (GnRH-LI) from trophoblast cells in culture, suggesting a local tonic inhibitory action of endogenous inhibin on hCG and GnRH-LI release. The action of inhibin on hCG secretion may partially require the presence of placental GnRH, as suggested by evidence that a synthetic GnRH antagonist partially reverses the hCG increase induced by inhibin immunoneutralization. Results suggest paracrine roles for both inhibin and GnRH in the regulation of placental hCG production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petraglia, F -- Sawchenko, P -- Lim, A T -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD13527/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS21182/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholera Toxin/pharmacology ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology/*secretion ; Chorionic Villi/analysis ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Feedback ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/secretion ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhibins/analysis/*physiology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Secretory Rate/drug effects ; Trophoblasts/analysis/drug effects/*secretion
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    Chemistry of pheromone and hormone metabolism in insects (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: Chemical evidence is needed in both insect endocrinology and sensory physiology to understand hormone and pheromone action at the molecular level. Radiolabeled pheromones and hormones have been synthesized and used to identify binding and catabolic proteins from insect tissues. Chemically modified analogs, including photoaffinity labels and enzyme inhibitors, are among the tools used to covalently modify the specific acceptor or catalytic sites. Such targeted agents can also provide leads for the design of growth and mating disruptants by allowing manipulation of the physiologically important interactions of the chemical signals with macromolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prestwich, G D -- GM-30899/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):999-1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cockroaches/metabolism ; Female ; Insect Hormones/*metabolism ; Insects/metabolism ; Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; Male ; Methoprene/metabolism ; Moths/metabolism ; Pheromones/*metabolism
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    Cocaine receptors on dopamine transporters are related to self-administration of cocaine (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-09-04
    Description: Although cocaine binds to several sites in the brain, the biochemical receptor mechanism or mechanisms associated with its dependence producing properties are unknown. It is shown here that the potencies of cocaine-like drugs in self-administration studies correlate with their potencies in inhibiting [3H]mazindol binding to the dopamine transporters in the rat striatum, but not with their potencies in binding to a large number of other presynaptic and postsynaptic binding sites. Thus, the cocaine receptor related to substance abuse is proposed to be the one associated with dopamine uptake inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritz, M C -- Lamb, R J -- Goldberg, S R -- Kuhar, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 4;237(4819):1219-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cocaine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Mazindol/metabolism ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects/metabolism ; Self Administration ; Serotonin/metabolism
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    Study bolsters case against cholesterol (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 3;237(4810):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/*therapy ; Cholesterol/*adverse effects ; Colestipol/therapeutic use ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Niacin/therapeutic use
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    The urban homeless: estimating composition and size (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-03-13
    Description: Although homelessness has been recognized as a serious and growing urban social problem, scientifically acceptable methods for estimating the composition and size of the homeless population have been lacking. A new research approach to estimating the size and composition of undomiciled urban populations is presented, and its utility is illustrated through a description of the literal homeless of Chicago. The homeless in the Chicago sample are unaffiliated persons living in extreme poverty, with high levels of physical and mental disability. Homelessness is interpreted as a manifestation of extreme poverty among persons without families in housing markets with declining stocks of inexpensive dwelling units suitable for single persons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossi, P H -- Wright, J D -- Fisher, G A -- Willis, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1336-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2950592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chicago ; Demography ; Disabled Persons ; Employment ; Female ; *Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Poverty ; Research Design ; Sampling Studies ; Social Isolation ; *Urban Population
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    The fragile X site in somatic cell hybrids: an approach for molecular cloning of fragile sites (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: Fragile X syndrome is a common form of mental retardation associated with a fragile site on the human X chromosome. Although fragility at this site is usually evident as a nonstaining chromatid gap, it remains unclear whether or not actual chromosomal breakage occurs. By means of somatic cell hybrids containing either a normal human X or a fragile X chromosome and utilizing two genes that flank the fragile site as markers of chromosome integrity, segregation of these markers was shown to be more frequent if they encompass the fragile site under appropriate culture conditions. Hybrid cells that reveal marker segregation were found to contain rearranged X chromosomes involving the region at or near the fragile site, thus demonstrating true chromosomal breakage within this area. Two independent translocation chromosomes were identified involving a rodent chromosome joined to the human X at the location of the fragile site. DNA analysis of closely linked, flanking loci was consistent with the position of the breakpoint being at or very near the fragile X site. Fragility at the translocation junctions was observed in both hybrids, but at significantly lower frequencies than that seen in the intact X of the parental hybrid. This observation suggests that the human portion of the junctional DNA may contain part of a repeated fragility sequence. Since the translocation junctions join heterologous DNA, the molecular cloning of the fragile X sequence should now be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, S T -- Zhang, F -- Licameli, G R -- Peters, J F -- CA31777/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD20521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):420-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Banding ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Male ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Family study of platelet membrane fluidity in Alzheimer's disease (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: The fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in labeled platelet membranes, an index of membrane fluidity, identifies a prominent subgroup of patients with Alzheimer's disease who manifest distinct clinical features. In a family study, the prevalence of this platelet membrane abnormality was 3.2 to 11.5 times higher in asymptomatic, first-degree relatives of probands with Alzheimer's disease than in neurologically healthy control subjects chosen without regard to family history of dementia. The pattern of the platelet membrane abnormality within families was consistent with that of a fully penetrant autosomal dominant trait. Thus, this abnormality of platelet membranes may be an inherited factor that is related to the development of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zubenko, G S -- Wusylko, M -- Cohen, B M -- Boller, F -- Teply, I -- AG03705/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG05133/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH30915/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):539-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, PA 15213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/blood/*genetics ; Blood Platelets/*ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Diphenylhexatriene ; Female ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
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  • 71
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    Decreased hippocampal inhibition and a selective loss of interneurons in experimental epilepsy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: The occurrence of seizure activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy or status epilepticus is often associated with a characteristic pattern of cell loss in the hippocampus. An experimental model that replicates this pattern of damage in normal animals by electrical stimulation of the afferent pathway to the hippocampus was developed to study changes in structure and function that occur as a result of repetitive seizures. Hippocampal granule cell seizure activity caused a persistent loss of recurrent inhibition and irreversibly damaged adjacent interneurons. Immunocytochemical staining revealed unexpectedly that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons, thought to mediate inhibition in this region and predicted to be damaged by seizures, had survived. In contrast, there was a nearly complete loss of adjacent somatostatin-containing interneurons and mossy cells that may normally activate inhibitory neurons. These results suggest that the seizure-induced loss of a basket cell-activating system, rather than a loss of inhibitory basket cells themselves, may cause disinhibition and thereby play a role in the pathophysiology and pathology of the epileptic state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sloviter, R S -- NS 18201/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235(4784):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2879352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Epilepsy/pathology/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/*physiopathology ; Immunologic Techniques ; Interneurons/*pathology/physiopathology ; Male ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Alcoholism treatment (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-09-04
    Description: In John Walsh's article "Some refuseniks see no glasnost" (News & Comment, 24 July, p. 356), the Committee for Concerned Scientists was incorrecty identified as the "Union" of Concerned Scientists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 4;237(4819):1094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3629229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholism/*rehabilitation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male
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  • 73
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    Diurnal expression of transducin mRNA and translocation of transducin in rods of rat retina (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-30
    Description: The messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes alpha subunit of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein transducin (T alpha) and T alpha immunoreactivity were localized and measured in the rat retina during the light-dark cycle with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity were observed only in photoreceptors. Within the photoreceptor T alpha mRNA was present primarily in the inner segments and to a lesser extent in the outer nuclear layer at all times during the day and night. However, the distribution of T alpha immunoreactivity varied profoundly with the light-dark cycle; during the day, T alpha immunoreactivity was highest in the inner segments, and at night the outer segments were more immunoreactive. The amounts of T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity also depended on the light-dark cycle. Levels of T alpha mRNA were high immediately before and after lights on; levels were low for the rest of the light-dark cycle. During the day, T alpha immunoreactivity increased in the inner segments following the increase in T alpha mRNA. After the lights were turned off, T alpha immunoreactivity decreased in the inner segments and increased in the outer segments. Thus, it appears that T alpha is synthesized in the inner segments after a morning increase in T alpha mRNA. Newly synthesized T alpha remains in the inner segments until it is transported to the outer segments at night, where it may be involved in the increase in the sensitivity of photoreceptor rods at night.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brann, M R -- Cohen, L V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 30;235(4788):585-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3101175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Circadian Rhythm ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats ; Transducin
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    Sequence-specific packaging of DNA in human sperm chromatin (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-22
    Description: The DNA in human sperm chromatin is packaged into nucleoprotamine (approximately 85%) and nucleohistone (approximately 15%). Whether these two chromatin fractions are sequence-specific subsets of the spermatozoon genome is the question addressed in this report. Sequence-specific packaging would suggest distinct structural and functional roles for the nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine in late spermatogenesis or early development or both. After removal of histones with 0.65M NaCl, exposed DNA was cleaved with Bam HI restriction endonuclease and separated by centrifugation from insoluble nucleoprotamine. The DNA sequence distribution of nucleohistone DNA in the supernatant and nucleoprotamine DNA in the pellet was compared by cloning size-selected single-copy sequences and by using the derived clones as probes of nucleohistone DNA and nucleoprotamine DNA. Two clones derived from nucleohistone DNA preferentially hybridized to nucleohistone DNA, and two clones derived from nucleoprotamine DNA preferentially hybridized to nucleoprotamine DNA, which demonstrated the existence of sequence-specific nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine components within the human spermatozoon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gatewood, J M -- Cook, G R -- Balhorn, R -- Bradbury, E M -- Schmid, C W -- GM-07377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):962-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Histones/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleoproteins/isolation & purification ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Modulation of memory processing by cholecystokinin: dependence on the vagus nerve (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-15
    Description: Allowing mice access to food immediately after an aversive training session enhances memory retention. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), which is a gastrointestinal hormone released during feeding, also enhances memory retention when administered intraperitoneally. This memory-enhancing effect of CCK-8 is blocked when the vagus nerve is cut, indicating that CCK-8 may produce its effect on memory retention by activating ascending fibers in the vagus nerve. Thus, CCK-8, a peripherally acting peptide, may mediate the memory-enhancing effects of feeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flood, J F -- Smith, G E -- Morley, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):832-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Electroshock ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sincalide/*pharmacology ; Vagotomy ; Vagus Nerve/drug effects/*physiology
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    Human neuroelectric patterns predict performance accuracy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-30
    Description: In seven right-handed adults, the brain electrical patterns before accurate performance differed from the patterns before inaccurate performance. Activity overlying the left frontal cortex and the motor and parietal cortices contralateral to the performing hand preceded accurate left- or right-hand performance. Additional strong activity overlying midline motor and premotor cortices preceded left-hand performance. These measurements suggest that brief, spatially distributed neural activity patterns, or "preparatory sets," in distinct cognitive, somesthetic-motor, and integrative motor areas of the human brain may be essential precursors of accurate visuomotor performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Morgan, N H -- Bressler, S L -- Cutillo, B A -- White, R M -- Illes, J -- Greer, D S -- Doyle, J C -- Zeitlin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 30;235(4788):580-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Do animals read minds, tell lies? (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1350-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Deception ; Female ; Male ; Primates
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    The biology and chemistry of fertilization (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-30
    Description: Fertilization of eggs by sperm, the means by which sexual reproduction takes place in nearly all multicellular organisms, is fundamental to the maintenance of life. In both mammals and nonmammals, the pathway that leads to fusion of an egg with a single sperm consists of many steps that occur in a compulsory order. These steps include species-specific cellular recognition, intracellular and intercellular membrane fusions, and enzyme-catalyzed modifications of cellular investments. In several instances, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these events during mammalian fertilization are beginning to be revealed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wassarman, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 30;235(4788):553-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3027891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrosome/physiology ; Animals ; *Fertilization ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Ovum/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Interleukin-1 stimulates the secretion of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: There is now evidence that the immune system, during times of infectious challenge, can stimulate the secretion of glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroids that mediate important aspects of the response to stress. Specifically, secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a monocyte lymphokine secreted after infection, appears at least in part responsible for this effect. Glucocorticoids are secreted in response to a neuroendocrine cascade involving, first, the brain, then the pituitary, and finally the adrenal gland. In this report, human IL-1 is shown to activate the adrenocortical axis at the level of the brain, stimulating the release of the controlling hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus. Infusion of IL-1 induced a significant secretion of CRF into the circulation exiting the hypothalamus, whereas immunoneutralization of CRF blocked the stimulatory effect of IL-1 on glucocorticoid secretion. IL-1 appeared to have no acute direct stimulatory effects on the pituitary or adrenal components of this system. Furthermore, IL-1 did not cause a nonspecific release of other hypothalamic hormones. Thus, the lymphokine acts in a specific manner to activate the adrenocortical axis at the level of the brain; this effect appears to be unrelated to the known pyrogenic effects of IL-1 within the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, R -- Rivier, C -- Yamamoto, G -- Plotsky, P -- Vale, W -- AA06420/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):522-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2821621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/physiology ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Corticosterone/secretion ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*secretion ; Hypothalamus/*secretion ; Immunologic Techniques ; Interleukin-1/*physiology ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Pituitary Neoplasms/secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Is female math anxiety real? (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anxiety ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Students ; Universities ; *Women
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    Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-31
    Description: The decline in the high incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and Alzheimer-type dementia among the Chamorro population of the western Pacific islands of Guam and Rota, coupled with the absence of demonstrable viral and hereditable factors in this disease, suggests the gradual disappearance of an environmental factor selectively associated with this culture. One candidate is seed of the neurotoxic plant Cycas circinalis L., a traditional source of food and medicine which has been used less with the Americanization of the Chamorro people after World War II. Macaques were fed the Cycas amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a low-potency convulsant that has excitotoxic activity in mouse brain, which is attenuated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. These animals developed corticomoto-neuronal dysfunction, parkinsonian features, and behavioral anomalies, with chromatolytic and degenerative changes of motor neurons in cerebral cortex and spinal cord. In concert with existing epidemiological and animal data, these findings support the hypothesis that cycad exposure plays an important role in the etiology of the Guam disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, P S -- Nunn, P B -- Hugon, J -- Ludolph, A C -- Ross, S M -- Roy, D N -- Robertson, R C -- NS-19611/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 31;237(4814):517-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Diamino/*toxicity ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*chemically induced ; Animals ; Basal Ganglia Diseases/*chemically induced ; Environmental Exposure ; Guam ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Motor Cortex/drug effects ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Neural Conduction/drug effects ; Neuromuscular Diseases/chemically induced ; Neurotoxins/*toxicity ; *Plants, Toxic ; Spinal Cord/drug effects ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects
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    Gene for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Linkage analysis of 15 Utah kindreds demonstrated that a gene responsible for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is located near the centromere on chromosome 17. The families also gave no evidence for heterogeneity, indicating that a significant proportion of NF cases are due to mutations at a single locus. Further genetic analysis can now refine this localization and may lead to the eventual identification and cloning of the defective gene responsible for this disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D -- Wright, E -- Nguyen, K -- Cannon, L -- Fain, P -- Goldgar, D -- Bishop, D T -- Carey, J -- Baty, B -- Kivlin, J -- CA 28854/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 36362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 29090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3107130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centromere ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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    Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-24
    Description: Clinical, genetic, and neuropsychopharmacological studies of developmental factors in alcoholism are providing a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of personality and learning. Studies of the adopted-away children of alcoholics show that the predisposition to initiate alcohol-seeking behavior is genetically different from susceptibility to loss of control after drinking begins. Alcohol-seeking behavior is a special case of exploratory appetitive behavior and involves different neurogenetic processes than do susceptibility to behavioral tolerance and dependence on the antianxiety or sedative effects of alcohol. Three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli. These personality traits distinguish alcoholics with different patterns of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacological responses to alcohol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cloninger, C R -- AA-003539/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- MH-00048/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-31302/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):410-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2882604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcoholism/etiology/genetics/*physiopathology/psychology ; Appetite/physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Behavior/physiology ; Extinction, Psychological ; Female ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 84
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    A chicken transferrin gene in transgenic mice escapes X-chromosome inactivation (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Description: Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation involves a coordinate shutting down of physically linked genes. Several proposed models require the presence of specific sequences near genes to permit the spread of inactivation into these regions. If such models are correct, one might predict that heterologous genes transferred onto the X chromosome might lack the appropriate signal sequences and therefore escape inactivation. To determine whether a foreign gene inserted into the X chromosome is subject to inactivation, transgenic mice harboring 11 copies of the complete, 17-kilobase chicken transferrin gene on the X chromosome were used. Male mice hemizygous for this insert were bred with females bearing Searle's translocation, an X-chromosome rearrangement that is always active in heterozygous females (the unrearranged X chromosome is inactive). Female offspring bearing the Searle's translocation and the chicken transferrin gene had the same amount of chicken transferrin messenger RNA in liver as did transgenic male mice or transgenic female mice lacking the Searle's chromosome. This result shows that the inserted gene is not subject to X-chromosome inactivation and suggests that the inactivation process cannot spread over 187 kilobases of DNA in the absence of specific signal sequences required for inactivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, M A -- Stokes, K R -- Idzerda, R L -- McKnight, G S -- Hammer, R E -- Brinster, R L -- Gartler, S M -- HD14412/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD16659/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD17321/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2437652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; DNA/metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Transferrin/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; alpha-Fetoproteins/genetics
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  • 85
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    Changes in the distribution of American family incomes, 1947 to 1984 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-22
    Description: The American family income distribution now lies at the center of several controversies. Some observers argue that the American middle class is vanishing, but U.S. census income statistics show income inequality has not changed appreciably since 1947. A second controversy involves whether average living standards have risen or fallen since the major oil price increase of 1973-74. These controversies can be partially resolved by understanding the sharp slowdown in the growth of workers' wages which occurred after 1973 and the demographic trends which kept per capita living standards rising despite stagnant wages, including more working women and low birthrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):923-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Class ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Social life: a question of costs and benefits (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Female ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; Species Specificity
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  • 87
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    Arginine vasopressin as a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: Although hypothyroidism (with concomitant increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone) has been associated with elevated plasma vasopressin, the role that vasopressin plays in controlling thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion from the adenohypophysis is not understood. In two in vitro pituitary cell systems, vasopressin caused a specific and dose-related release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from cells that was equal in potency to that elicited by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the primary acknowledged regulator of thyroid-stimulating hormone release. When injected into the hypothalamus, however, vasopressin specifically inhibited the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thus, vasopressin may exert differential regulatory effects on thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lumpkin, M D -- Samson, W K -- McCann, S M -- HD-09988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1070-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2881350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology/physiology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects/secretion ; Male ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Perfusion ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects/*secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Somatostatin/pharmacology ; Thyrotropin/*secretion ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    The tat gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 induces mesenchymal tumors in transgenic mice (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-11
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a suspected causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. One of the viral genes encodes a protein (tat) that not only results in transactivation of viral gene expression but may also regulate the expression of certain cellular genes that are important for cell growth. Transgenic mice that expressed the authentic tat protein under the control of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat were generated, and cell types that are permissive for the viral promoter and the effects of the tat gene on these cells were studied. Three of eight founder mice with high levels of expression of the transgene in muscle were bred and then analyzed. All developed soft tissue tumors at multiple sites between 13 to 17 weeks of age. This phenotype was transmitted to nine of nine offspring that inherited the tat gene and were available for analysis. The remaining five founders expressed the transgene in the thymus, as well as in muscle. This second group of mice all exhibited extensive thymic depletion and growth retardation; in all of these mice, death occurred between 3 to 6 weeks of age before tumors became macroscopically visible. The tat gene under the control of the HTLV-1 regulatory region showed tissue-specific expression and the tat protein efficiently induced mesenchymal tumors. The data establish tat as an oncogenic protein and HTLV-1 as a transforming virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerenberg, M -- Hinrichs, S H -- Reynolds, R K -- Khoury, G -- Jay, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1324-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2888190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Viral ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Male ; Mesenchymoma/genetics/*microbiology ; Mice ; Pedigree ; Plasmids ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 89
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    Expression of the multidrug-resistant gene in hepatocarcinogenesis and regenerating rat liver (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Preneoplastic and neoplastic liver nodules and hepatocytes isolated from regenerating rat liver have been shown to be resistant to a broad range of carcinogenic agents. This phenomenon was studied by measuring the expression of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) gene in normal liver cells and in preneoplastic and neoplastic nodules and regenerating liver. Levels of messenger RNA for the mdr gene, which encodes P-glycoprotein, were elevated in both preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Expression of the mdr gene also reached high levels in regenerating rat liver 24 to 72 hours after partial hepatectomy. These results show that the expression of the mdr gene can be regulated in liver and is likely to be responsible for part of the multidrug-resistance phenotype of carcinogen-initiated hepatocytes and regenerating liver cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorgeirsson, S S -- Huber, B E -- Sorrell, S -- Fojo, A -- Pastan, I -- Gottesman, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Liver Regeneration/*drug effects ; Male ; Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats
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  • 90
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    Speech perception takes precedence over nonspeech perception (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-10
    Description: Some components of a speech signal, when made more intense, are heard simultaneously as speech and nonspeech--a form of duplex perception. At lower intensities, the speech alone is heard. Such intensity-dependent duplexity implies the existence of a phonetic mode of perception that takes precedence over auditory modes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, D H -- Liberman, A M -- HD-01994/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 10;237(4811):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention ; Auditory Threshold ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Perception ; *Phonetics ; Speech ; Speech Discrimination Tests ; *Speech Perception
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  • 91
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    Broad attack launched on the nervous system (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1651-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3686006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Amnesia/*psychology ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Genes ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Memory ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Receptors, Cholinergic/genetics ; tau Proteins
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  • 92
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    Adipsin: a circulating serine protease homolog secreted by adipose tissue and sciatic nerve (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: Adipsin is a serine protease homolog whose primary structure was predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a differentiation-dependent adipocyte messenger RNA. Immunoblots probed with antisera to synthetic peptides identify two forms of adipsin that are synthesized and secreted by 3T3 adipocytes. These proteins of 44 and 37 kilodaltons are converted to 25.5 kilodaltons by enzymatic deglycosylation. Although adipsin is principally synthesized in adipose tissue, it is also produced by sciatic nerve and is found in the bloodstream. Because of the apparent restriction of adipsin synthesis to tissues highly active in lipid metabolism, its presence in serum, and its modulation in altered metabolic states, this molecule may play a previously unrecognized role in systemic lipid metabolism or energy balance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, K S -- Min, H Y -- Johnson, D -- Chaplinsky, R J -- Flier, J S -- Hunt, C R -- Spiegelman, B M -- AM07230/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM31405/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34605/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*enzymology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Complement Factor D ; Endopeptidases/blood/genetics/*secretion ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Organ Culture Techniques ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sciatic Nerve/*enzymology ; *Serine Endopeptidases ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 93
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    Naturally acquired antibodies to sporozoites do not prevent malaria: vaccine development implications (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-08-07
    Description: The first human vaccines against the malaria parasite have been designed to elicit antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. However, it is not known whether any level of naturally acquired antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein can predict resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In this study, 83 adults in a malaria-endemic region of Kenya were tested for circumsporozoite antibodies and then treated for malaria. They were monitored for the development of new malaria infections for 98 days. Antibody levels, as determined by four assays in vitro, were indistinguishable between the 60 individuals who did and the 23 who did not develop parasitemia during follow-up, and there was no apparent relation between day of onset of parasitemia and level of antibodies to circumsporozoite protein. Unless immunization with sporozoite vaccines induces antibodies that are quantitatively or qualitatively superior to the circumsporozoite antibodies in these adults, it is unlikely that such antibodies will prevent infection in areas with as intense malaria transmission as western Kenya.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, S L -- Oster, C N -- Plowe, C V -- Woollett, G R -- Beier, J C -- Chulay, J D -- Wirtz, R A -- Hollingdale, M R -- Mugambi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 7;237(4815):639-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Humans ; Kenya ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Prospective Studies ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Spores/immunology ; Time Factors ; *Vaccines
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  • 94
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    Networks nix contraceptives ad (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 13;238(4829):887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3672132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; *Advertising as Topic ; *Contraceptive Devices, Male ; *Contraceptives, Oral ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Television ; United States
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  • 95
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    Seizures in drug-treated animals (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- Weerts, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azides/*adverse effects ; Benzodiazepines/*adverse effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Saimiri ; Seizures/*chemically induced
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  • 96
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    Epidermal-growth-factor-dependent transformation by a human EGF receptor proto-oncogene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-04
    Description: The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene EGFR has been placed in a retrovirus vector to examine the growth properties of cells that experimentally overproduce a full-length EGF receptor. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with the viral DNA or infected with the corresponding rescued retrovirus developed a fully transformed phenotype in vitro that required both functional EGFR expression and the presence of EGF in the growth medium. Cells expressing 4 x 10(5) EGF receptors formed tumors in nude mice, while control cells did not. Therefore, the EGFR retrovirus, which had a titer on NIH 3T3 cells that was greater than 10(7) focus-forming units per milliliter, can efficiently transfer and express this gene, and increased numbers of EGF receptors can contribute to the transformed phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Velu, T J -- Beguinot, L -- Vass, W C -- Willingham, M C -- Merlino, G T -- Pastan, I -- Lowy, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3500513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Recombinant ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Fibroblasts/pathology ; Genetic Vectors ; Harvey murine sarcoma virus/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/drug effects/*genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics
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  • 97
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    Delayed transneuronal death of substantia nigra neurons prevented by gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: In an investigation of the mechanism by which brain lesions result in delayed degeneration of neurons remote from the site of injury, neurons within the caudate nucleus of rats were destroyed by local injection of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid. Treatment resulted in the rapid degeneration of the striatonigral pathway including projections containing the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and delayed transneuronal death of neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The distribution of nigral cell loss corresponded to the loss of GABAergic terminals. Neuronal death was prevented by long-term intraventricular infusion of the GABA agonist muscimol. Delayed transneuronal degeneration may be produced by neuronal disinhibition consequent to loss of inhibitory inputs. Replacement of inhibitory transmitters by suitable drugs may prevent some forms of delayed neuronal death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saji, M -- Reis, D J -- HL18974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS03346/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235(4784):66-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3798095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Ibotenic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscimol/*pharmacology ; Nerve Degeneration/*drug effects ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/*cytology/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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  • 98
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    Hybrid dysgenesis in D. melanogaster is not a general release mechanism for DNA transpositions (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-09-04
    Description: Many spontaneous mutations are caused by the insertion or excision of DNA elements. Since most mutations are deleterious, evolution should favor a mechanism for genetically controlling the rate of movement of transposable elements in most, if not all, organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster a syndrome of correlated genetic changes, including mutation, chromosome breakage, and sterility, is observed in the hybrid progeny of crosses between different strains. This syndrome, which is termed hybrid dysgenesis, results from the movement of P-DNA elements. What is not clear is whether the movement of other types of transposable elements is under the same coordinated control. In this study the ability of hybrid dysgenesis to increase the rate of excision of 12 DNA elements at 16 mutant alleles and to induce insertion-bearing mutations to change to other mutant states was tested. The data show that hybrid dysgenesis caused by P-element transpositions does not act as a general stimulus for the movement of other Drosophila transposable elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, R C -- Blount, J L -- Thompson, J N Jr -- K04-ES-00087/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 4;237(4819):1206-18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Mutation ; Probability
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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