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  • Nucleic Acid Hybridization  (38)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • Models, Molecular
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (60)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (60)
  • 1987  (60)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (60)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (60)
Year
  • 1
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    Relationship between the c-myb locus and the 6q-chromosomal aberration in leukemias and lymphomas (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q-) are frequently found in hematopoietic neoplasms, including acute lymphoblastic leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphomas and (less frequently) myeloid leukemias. The c-myb proto-oncogene has been mapped to region 6q21-24, which suggests that it could be involved in the 6q- aberrations. By means of in situ chromosomal hybridization on cells from six hematopoietic malignancies, it was demonstrated that the c-myb locus is not deleted, but is retained on band q22, which is consistently bordered by the chromosomal breakpoints in both interstitial and terminal 6q- deletions. The deletion breakpoints were located at some distance from the myb locus since no rearrangement of c-myb sequences was found. In one case, however, amplification of the entire c-myb locus was detectable. Furthermore, in all cases tested that carry 6q- deletions, myb messenger RNA levels were significantly higher than in normal cells or in malignant cells matched for lineage and stage of differentiation but lacking the 6q- marker. These results indicate that 6q- deletions are accompanied by structural and functional alterations of the c-myb locus and that these alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis of leukemias and lymphomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barletta, C -- Pelicci, P G -- Kenyon, L C -- Smith, S D -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA16239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1064-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3469751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Differential expression of c-myb mRNA in murine B lymphomas by a block to transcription elongation (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-18
    Description: Expression of c-myb proto-oncogene messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein has been detected principally in tumors and in normal tissue of hematopoietic origin. In each hematopoietic lineage examined, expression of the c-myb gene is markedly downregulated during hematopoietic maturation. However, the mechanism by which differential expression of the c-myb gene is regulated is not known. In murine B-lymphoid tumor cell lines, the amount of steady-state c-myb mRNA is 10 to more than 100 times greater in pre-B cell lymphomas than in B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas. The downregulation of c-myb mRNA correlates with events at the pre-B cell-B cell junction. Differential expression of c-myb mRNA levels detected between a pre-B cell lymphoma and a mature B cell lymphoma is now shown to be mediated by a block to transcription elongation in the first intron of the c-myb locus. In addition, this developmentally regulated difference in transcriptional activity is correlated with alterations in higher order chromatin structure as reflected by changes in the patterns of hypersensitivity to deoxyribonuclease I at the 5' end of the c-myb transcription unit. Regulation of transcription elongation may provide a more sensitive mechanism for rapidly increasing and decreasing mRNA levels in response to external stimuli than regulation of the initiation of transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bender, T P -- Thompson, C B -- Kuehl, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 18;237(4821):1473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3498214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Generation of a hybrid sequence-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-12-04
    Description: The relatively nonspecific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease, staphylococcal nuclease, was selectively fused to an oligonucleotide binding site of defined sequence to generate a hybrid enzyme. A cysteine was substituted for Lys116 in the enzyme by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and coupled to an oligonucleotide that contained a 3'-thiol. The resulting hybrid enzyme cleaved single-stranded DNA at sites adjacent to the oligonucleotide binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corey, D R -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Micrococcal Nuclease/*genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology/genetics ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Identification and localization of mutations at the Lesch-Nyhan locus by ribonuclease A cleavage (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-17
    Description: Many mutations leading to human disease are the result of single DNA base pair changes that cannot be identified by Southern analysis. This has prompted the development of alternative assays for point mutation detection. The recently described ribonuclease A cleavage procedure, with a polyuridylic acid-paper affinity chromatography step, has been used to identify the mutational lesions in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) messenger RNAs of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Distinctive ribonuclease A cleavage patterns were identified in messenger RNA from 5 of 14 Lesch-Nyhan patients who were chosen because no HPRT Southern or Northern blotting pattern changes had been found. This approach now allows HPRT mutation detection in 50 percent of the cases of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The polyuridylic acid-paper affinity procedure provides a general method for analysis of low abundance messenger RNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, R A -- Caskey, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 17;236(4799):303-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3563511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromosome Deletion ; HeLa Cells/enzymology ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A small viral RNA is required for in vitro packaging of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-08
    Description: A small RNA of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29 is shown to have a novel and essential role in viral DNA packaging in vitro. This requirement for RNA in the encapsidation of viral DNA provides a new dimension of complexity to the attendant protein-DNA interactions. The RNA is a constituent of the viral precursor shell of the DNA-packaging machine but is not a component of the mature virion. Studies of the sequential interactions involving this RNA molecule are likely to provide new insight into the structural and possible catalytic roles of small RNA molecules. The phi 29 assembly in extracts and phi 29 DNA packaging in the defined in vitro system were strongly inhibited by treatment with the ribonucleases A or T1. However, phage assembly occurred normally in the presence of ribonuclease A that had been treated with a ribonuclease inhibitor. An RNA of approximately 120 nucleotides co-purified with the phi 29 precursor protein shell (prohead), and this particle was the target of ribonuclease action. Removal of RNA from the prohead by ribonuclease rendered it inactive for DNA packaging. By RNA-DNA hybridization analysis, the RNA was shown to originate from a viral DNA segment very near the left end of the genome, the end packaged first during in vitro assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, P X -- Erickson, S -- Anderson, D -- DE-3606/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 8;236(4802):690-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3107124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteriophages/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Ribonuclease T1/metabolism ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Conservation of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene in mice and humans (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: A portion of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene transcript from human fetal skeletal muscle and mouse adult heart was sequenced, representing approximately 25 percent of the total, 14-kb DMD transcript. The nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences from the two species are nearly 90 percent homologous. The amino acid sequence that is predicted from this portion of the DMD gene indicates that the protein product might serve a structural role in muscle, but the abundance and tissue distribution of the messenger RNA suggests that the DMD protein is not nebulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, E P -- Monaco, A P -- Feener, C C -- Kunkel, L M -- 2T 32 GM07753-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD18658/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS23740/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):347-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Exons ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Muscles/analysis/embryology ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*genetics ; Myocardium/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The raf oncogene is associated with a radiation-resistant human laryngeal cancer (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-28
    Description: In order to identify the genetic factors associated with the radiation-resistant human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (SQ-20B), tumor cell DNA was transfected into NIH/3T3 cells. A high incidence (six out of six) of raf sequences was found in transfected NIH/3T3 clones and the tumorigenic potential of SQ-20B DNA could be linked to genomic fragments that represent most of the kinase domain of human c-raf-1. An apparently unaltered 3.5-kilobase pair (kb) human c-raf transcript was identified in SQ-20B cells but was not observed in the transfected NIH/3T3 cell clones. Two new transcripts (4.2 kb and 2.6 kb) were found in tumorigenic clones; the large transcript was missing in a very poorly tumorigenic clone. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the normal autosomes of chromosome 3 were absent in SQ-20B karyotypes and had formed apparently stable marker chromosomes. Unlike the recipient NIH/3T3 cell line, 30 percent of the transformed clone-1 metaphases had minute and double-minute chromosomes representative of amplified DNA sequences. The frequency of the c-raf-1 identification by NIH/3T3 transfection of SQ-20B DNA suggests the presence of some genetic abnormality within this locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, U -- Pfeifer, A -- Weichselbaum, R R -- Dritschilo, A -- Mark, G E -- CA425969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 28;237(4818):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3616625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/*genetics/radiotherapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes/*radiation effects ; Proto-Oncogenes/radiation effects ; *Radiation Tolerance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    My close cousin the chimpanzee (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):273-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3116670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/genetics ; Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology ; Gait ; Haplorhini/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Humans ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint/anatomy & histology ; Molar ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Four legs bad, two legs good (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):969-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; *Biological Evolution ; Foot ; Gait ; Humans ; *Locomotion
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  • 10
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    The unmasking of mitochondrial Eve (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 2;238(4823):24-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3116666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Haplorhini/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Chemistry in the image of biology (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 30;238(4827):611-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3672114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; *Nobel Prize
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Structure of MHC protein solved (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 30;238(4827):613-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3313727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens ; Binding Sites ; *HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
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  • 13
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    Expression and properties of two types of protein kinase C: alternative splicing from a single gene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Two complementary DNA's, encoding the complete sequences of 671 and 673 amino acids for subspecies of rat brain protein kinase C, were expressed in COS 7 cells. The complementary DNA sequence analysis predicted that the two enzymes are derived from different ways of splicing and differ from each other only in the short ranges of their carboxyl-terminal regions. Both enzymes showed typical characteristics of protein kinase C that responded to Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. The enzymes showed practically identical physical and kinetic properties and were indistinguishable from one of the several subspecies of protein kinase C that occurs in rat brain but not in untransfected COS 7 cells. Partial analysis of the genomic structure confirmed that these two subspecies of protein kinase C resulted indeed from alternative splicing of a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono, Y -- Kikkawa, U -- Ogita, K -- Fujii, T -- Kurokawa, T -- Asaoka, Y -- Sekiguchi, K -- Ase, K -- Igarashi, K -- Nishizuka, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1116-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/enzymology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Kinase C/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 14
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    Cloning of genomic and complementary DNA from Shaker, a putative potassium channel gene from Drosophila (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-08-14
    Description: On the basis of electrophysiological analysis of Shaker mutants, the Shaker locus of Drosophila melanogaster has been proposed to encode a structural component of a voltage-dependent potassium channel, the A channel. Unlike sodium channels, acetylcholine receptors, and calcium channels, K+ channels have not been purified biochemically. To facilitate biochemical studies of a K+ channel, genomic DNA from the Shaker locus has been cloned. Rearrangements in five Shaker mutants have been mapped to a 60-kilobase segment of the genome. Four complementary DNA clones have been analyzed. These clones indicate that the Shaker gene contains multiple exons distributed over at least 65 kilobases of genomic DNA in the region where the mutations mapped. Furthermore, the gene may produce several classes of alternatively spliced transcripts. Two of the complementary DNA clones have been sequenced and their sequences support the hypothesis that Shaker encodes a component of a K+ channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papazian, D M -- Schwarz, T L -- Tempel, B L -- Jan, Y N -- Jan, L Y -- NS15963/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 14;237(4816):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2441470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Exons ; *Ion Channels ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Potassium/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 15
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    Protein-DNA interactions in vivo upstream of a cell cycle-regulated human H4 histone gene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-05
    Description: Cell cycle-dependent histone genes are transcribed at a basal level throughout the cell cycle, with a three- to fivefold increase during early S phase. Protein-DNA interactions in the 5' promoter region of a cell cycle-regulated human H4 histone gene have been analyzed at single-nucleotide resolution in vivo. This region contains two sites, with four potential protein-binding domains, at which the DNA is protected from reaction with dimethyl sulfate in cells and from digestion with deoxyribonuclease I in nuclei. These protein-DNA interactions persist during all phases of the cell cycle and dissociate with 0.16 to 0.2M sodium chloride.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pauli, U -- Chrysogelos, S -- Stein, G -- Stein, J -- Nick, H -- GM32010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3035717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
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  • 16
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    Primary structure and biochemical properties of an M2 muscarinic receptor (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Description: A partial amino acid sequence obtained for porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was used to isolate complementary DNA clones containing the complete receptor coding region. The deduced 466-amino acid polypeptide exhibits extensive structural and sequence homology with other receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins (for example, the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsins); this similarity predicts a structure of seven membrane-spanning regions distinguished by the disposition of a large cytoplasmic domain. Stable transfection of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line with the atrial receptor complementary DNA leads to the binding of muscarinic antagonists in these cells with affinities characteristic of the M2 receptor subtype. The atrial muscarinic receptor is encoded by a unique gene consisting of a single coding exon and multiple, alternatively spliced 5' noncoding regions. The atrial receptor is distinct from the cerebral muscarinic receptor gene product, sharing only 38% overall amino acid homology and possessing a completely nonhomologous large cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a role for the latter region in differential effector coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peralta, E G -- Winslow, J W -- Peterson, G L -- Smith, D H -- Ashkenazi, A -- Ramachandran, J -- Schimerlik, M I -- Capon, D J -- CA16417/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL23632/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):600-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3107123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; Exons ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Heart Atria/analysis ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Transfection
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    Malaria diagnosis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettersson, U -- Wigzell, H -- Perlman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 3;236(4797):11-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3551070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Malaria/*diagnosis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Avian v-myc replaces chromosomal translocation in murine plasmacytomagenesis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-13
    Description: Deregulation of c-myc expression in association with chromosomal translocations occurs in over 95% of murine plasmacytomas, rat immunocytomas, and human Burkitt lymphomas. Infection with a murine retrovirus (J-3) containing an avian v-myc rapidly induced plasmacytomas in pristane-primed BALB/cAn mice. Only 17% of the induced plasmacytomas that were karyotyped showed the characteristic chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc locus. Instead, all of the translocation-negative tumors demonstrated characteristic J-3 virus integration sites that were actively transcribed. Thus, the high levels of v-myc expression have replaced the requirement for chromosomal translocation in plasmacytomagenesis and accelerated the process of transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Potter, M -- Mushinski, J F -- Mushinski, E B -- Brust, S -- Wax, J S -- Wiener, F -- Babonits, M -- Rapp, U R -- Morse, H C 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 13;235(4790):787-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Plasmacytoma/genetics/*microbiology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 19
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    Evolutionary and somatic selection of the antibody repertoire in the mouse (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-20
    Description: The repertoire of antibody variable (V) regions has been subject to evolutionary selection, affecting both the diversity of V region genes in the germline and their expression in the B lymphocyte population and its subsets. In ontogeny, contact with an antigen leads to the expansion of B cells expressing antibodies complementary to it. In a defined phase of B cell differentiation, new sets of V regions are generated from the existing repertoire through somatic hypermutation. Cells carrying advantageous antibody mutants are selected into the memory compartment and produce a stable secondary response upon reexposure to the antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajewsky, K -- Forster, I -- Cumano, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 20;238(4830):1088-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Koln, FRG.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3317826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/*genetics ; *Antibody Diversity ; B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Genes, Switch ; Immunity ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 20
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    Activated oncogenes in B6C3F1 mouse liver tumors: implications for risk assessment (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-11
    Description: The validity of mouse liver tumor end points in assessing the potential hazards of chemical exposure to humans is a controversial but important issue, since liver neoplasia in mice is the most frequent tumor target tissue end point in 2-year carcinogenicity studies. The ability to distinguish between promotion of background tumors versus a genotoxic mechanism of tumor initiation by chemical treatment would aid in the interpretation of rodent carcinogenesis data. Activated oncogenes in chemically induced and spontaneously occurring mouse liver tumors were examined and compared as one approach to determine the mechanism by which chemical treatment caused an increased incidence of mouse liver tumors. Data suggest that furan and furfural caused an increased incidence in mouse liver tumors at least in part by induction of novel weakly activating point mutations in ras genes even though both chemicals did not induce mutations in Salmonella assays. In addition to ras oncogenes, two activated raf genes and four non-ras transforming genes were detected. The B6C3F1 mouse liver may thus provide a sensitive assay system to detect various classes of proto-oncogenes that are susceptible to activation by carcinogenic insult. As illustrated with mouse liver tumors, analysis of activated oncogenes in spontaneously occurring and chemically induced rodent tumors will provide information at a molecular level to aid in the use of rodent carcinogenesis data for risk assessment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, S H -- Stowers, S J -- Patterson, R M -- Maronpot, R R -- Aaronson, S A -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1309-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3629242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Liver Neoplasms/*genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Risk
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  • 21
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    The evolution of catalytic function (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharp, P A -- Eisenberg, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 6;238(4828):729-30, 807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2445035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Catalysis ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA/*genetics ; Viruses/genetics
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  • 22
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    Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-09
    Description: The HER-2/neu oncogene is a member of the erbB-like oncogene family, and is related to, but distinct from, the epidermal growth factor receptor. This gene has been shown to be amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. In the current study, alterations of the gene in 189 primary human breast cancers were investigated. HER-2/neu was found to be amplified from 2- to greater than 20-fold in 30% of the tumors. Correlation of gene amplification with several disease parameters was evaluated. Amplification of the HER-2/neu gene was a significant predictor of both overall survival and time to relapse in patients with breast cancer. It retained its significance even when adjustments were made for other known prognostic factors. Moreover, HER-2/neu amplification had greater prognostic value than most currently used prognostic factors, including hormonal-receptor status, in lymph node-positive disease. These data indicate that this gene may play a role in the biologic behavior and/or pathogenesis of human breast cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Clark, G M -- Wong, S G -- Levin, W J -- Ullrich, A -- McGuire, W L -- CA 30195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 9;235(4785):177-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3798106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality/pathology ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics
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  • 23
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    Synthesis of a sequence-specific DNA-cleaving peptide (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-11-20
    Description: A synthetic 52-residue peptide based on the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain of Hin recombinase (139-190) has been equipped with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at the amino terminus. In the presence of Fe(II), this synthetic EDTA-peptide cleaves DNA at Hin recombination sites. The cleavage data reveal that the amino terminus of Hin(139-190) is bound in the minor groove of DNA near the symmetry axis of Hin recombination sites. This work demonstrates the construction of a hybrid peptide combining two functional domains: sequence-specific DNA binding and DNA cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sluka, J P -- Horvath, S J -- Bruist, M F -- Simon, M I -- Dervan, P B -- GM-09534-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 20;238(4830):1129-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3120311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemical synthesis ; Edetic Acid ; Ferrous Compounds ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peptide Fragments ; Protein Binding ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 24
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    A physical map of the Escherichia coli K12 genome (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-12
    Description: A physical map of a genome is the structure of its DNA. Construction of such a map is a first step in the complete characterization of that DNA. The restriction endonuclease Not I cuts the genome of Escherichia coli K12 into 22 DNA fragments ranging from 20 kilobases (20,000 base pairs) to 1000 kilobases. These can be separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The order of the fragments in the genome was determined from available E. coli genetic information and analysis of partial digest patterns. The resulting ordered set of fragments is a macrorestriction map. This map facilitates genetic and molecular studies on E. coli, and its construction serves as a model for further endeavors on larger genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, C L -- Econome, J G -- Schutt, A -- Klco, S -- Cantor, C R -- CA 39782/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 14825/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 12;236(4807):1448-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3296194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping/methods ; Chromosomes, Bacterial ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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  • 25
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    Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-31
    Description: Complementary DNAs for three different muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were isolated from a rat cerebral cortex library, and the cloned receptors were expressed in mammalian cells. Analysis of human and rat genomic clones indicates that there are at least four functional muscarinic receptor genes and that these genes lack introns in the coding sequence. This gene family provides a new basis for evaluating the diversity of muscarinic mechanisms in the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonner, T I -- Buckley, N J -- Young, A C -- Brann, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 31;237(4814):527-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3037705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic/classification/*genetics ; Swine ; Transfection
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  • 26
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    Three-dimensional structure of interleukin-2 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: Interleukin-2 is an effector protein that participates in modulating the immune response; it has become a focal point for the study of lymphokine structure and function. The three-dimensional structure of the interleukin molecule has been solved to 3.0 angstrom resolution. Interleukin-2 has a novel alpha-helical tertiary structure that suggests one portion of the molecule forms a structural scaffold, which underlies the receptor binding facets of the molecule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brandhuber, B J -- Boone, T -- Kenney, W C -- McKay, D B -- A1-00631/PHS HHS/ -- A1-19762/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3500515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Interleukin-2/isolation & purification ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Solvents ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 27
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    Apolipoprotein B-48 is the product of a messenger RNA with an organ-specific in-frame stop codon (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: The primary structure of human apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 has been deduced and shown by a combination of DNA excess hybridization, sequencing of tryptic peptides, cloned complementary DNAs, and intestinal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to be the product of an intestinal mRNA with an in-frame UAA stop codon resulting from a C to U change in the codon CAA encoding Gln2153 in apoB-100 mRNA. The carboxyl-terminal Ile2152 of apoB-48 purified from chylous ascites fluid has apparently been cleaved from the initial translation product, leaving Met2151 as the new carboxyl-terminus. These data indicate that approximately 85% of the intestinal mRNAs terminate within approximately 0.1 to 1.0 kilobase downstream from the stop codon. The other approximately 15% have lengths similar to hepatic apoB-100 mRNA even though they have the same in-frame stop codon. The organ-specific introduction of a stop codon to a mRNA appears unprecedented and might have implications for cryptic polyadenylation signal recognition and RNA processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, S H -- Habib, G -- Yang, C Y -- Gu, Z W -- Lee, B R -- Weng, S A -- Silberman, S R -- Cai, S J -- Deslypere, J P -- Rosseneu, M -- GM-30998/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-27341/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):363-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoproteins B/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chylous Ascites/metabolism ; *Codon ; DNA/genetics ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptide Fragments ; *RNA, Messenger/analysis/*genetics ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 28
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    Sequence-specific packaging of DNA in human sperm chromatin (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-22
    Description: The DNA in human sperm chromatin is packaged into nucleoprotamine (approximately 85%) and nucleohistone (approximately 15%). Whether these two chromatin fractions are sequence-specific subsets of the spermatozoon genome is the question addressed in this report. Sequence-specific packaging would suggest distinct structural and functional roles for the nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine in late spermatogenesis or early development or both. After removal of histones with 0.65M NaCl, exposed DNA was cleaved with Bam HI restriction endonuclease and separated by centrifugation from insoluble nucleoprotamine. The DNA sequence distribution of nucleohistone DNA in the supernatant and nucleoprotamine DNA in the pellet was compared by cloning size-selected single-copy sequences and by using the derived clones as probes of nucleohistone DNA and nucleoprotamine DNA. Two clones derived from nucleohistone DNA preferentially hybridized to nucleohistone DNA, and two clones derived from nucleoprotamine DNA preferentially hybridized to nucleoprotamine DNA, which demonstrated the existence of sequence-specific nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine components within the human spermatozoon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gatewood, J M -- Cook, G R -- Balhorn, R -- Bradbury, E M -- Schmid, C W -- GM-07377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):962-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Histones/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleoproteins/isolation & purification ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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  • 29
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    Expression of functional cell-cell channels from cloned rat liver gap junction complementary DNA (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-06-05
    Description: An oocyte expression system was used to test the relation between a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding the liver gap junction protein and cell-cell channels. Total liver polyadenylated messenger RNA injected into oocytes induced cell-cell channels between paired oocytes. This induction was blocked by simultaneous injection of antisense RNA transcribed from the gap junction cDNA. Messenger RNA selected by hybridization to the cDNA clone and translated in oocyte pairs yielded a higher junctional conductance than unselected liver messenger RNA. Cell-cell channels between oocytes were also formed when the cloned cDNA was expressed under the control of a heat-shock promoter. A concentration-dependent induction of channels was observed in response to injection with in vitro transcribed gap junction messenger RNA. Thus, the liver gap junction cDNA encodes a protein that is essential for the formation of functional cell-cell channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahl, G -- Miller, T -- Paul, D -- Voellmy, R -- Werner, R -- GM 31125/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3035715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Connexins ; DNA/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Intercellular Junctions/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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  • 30
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    Transposition of gram-positive transposon Tn916 in Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma pulmonis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-03-13
    Description: Mycoplasma genetics has been limited by a lack of genetic tools such as selectable markers, methods to transfer DNA, and suitable vectors for cloning. Studies were undertaken to examine the potential of using the streptococcal transposon Tn916 as a mycoplasma genetic tool. The Escherichia coli plasmid pAM120, which contains Tn916, was transformed into Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma pulmonis. Transposition of Tn916 into the mycoplasma chromosome apparently occurred by an excision-insertion mechanism. This example shows that newly introduced DNA from other bacteria can be successfully expressed in mycoplasma and that Tn916 should serve as a powerful genetic tool for the study of mycoplasmas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dybvig, K -- Cassell, G H -- AI-07150/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL-19741/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR-00959/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acholeplasma laidlawii/*genetics ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genetics, Microbial ; Mycoplasma/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Tetracycline ; Transformation, Bacterial
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    Structural evidence for the authenticity of the human retinoblastoma gene (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-26
    Description: The retinoblastoma (Rb) gene is the prototype for a class of recessive human cancer genes in which loss of activity of both normal alleles is thought to be associated with tumorigenesis. Sixteen of 40 retinoblastomas examined with a complementary DNA probe shown to be the Rb gene had identifiable structural changes of the Rb gene including in some cases homozygous internal deletions with corresponding truncated transcripts. An osteosarcoma also had a homozygous internal deletion with a truncated transcript. In addition, possible hot spots for deletion were identified within the Rb genomic locus. Among those tumors with no identifiable structural changes there was either absence of an Rb transcript or abnormal expression of the Rb transcript. Comparison of the structural changes in the tumor cells and fibroblasts of certain patients provided support for Knudson's two-hit hypothesis for the development of retinoblastoma at the molecular level. The ability to detect germline structural deletions in fibroblasts from some patients with bilateral retinoblastoma also indicates that the isolated gene is useful for diagnostic purposes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung, Y K -- Murphree, A L -- T'Ang, A -- Qian, J -- Hinrichs, S H -- Benedict, W F -- EY02715/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY0619502/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 26;236(4809):1657-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2885916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Dna ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Neoplasm/analysis ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Fibroblasts/ultrastructure ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteosarcoma/genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Recombinant fragment of protein kinase inhibitor blocks cyclic AMP-dependent gene transcription (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: Transcriptional regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in mammalian cells could be mediated by a phosphoprotein substrate of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase or, as in prokaryotes, by a cAMP-binding protein. Two synthetic genes that code for an active fragment of the protein inhibitor of this kinase and a mutant inactive fragment were constructed and used to distinguish these alternatives. Transient expression of the active peptide product specifically inhibited the cAMP-stimulated expression of a cotransfected reporter gene by more than 90 percent, whereas the expression of the inactive peptide did not alter cAMP-stimulated gene expression. The results indicate that an active kinase catalytic subunit is a necessary intermediate in the cAMP stimulation of gene transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grove, J R -- Price, D J -- Goodman, H M -- Avruch, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):530-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2821622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/*pharmacology ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Cyanogen Bromide ; Cyclic AMP/*pharmacology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/*pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Transfection
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    Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 at 2.5 A resolution (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-08
    Description: beta-lactamases are enzymes that protect bacteria from the lethal effects of beta-lactam antibiotics, and are therefore of considerable clinical importance. The crystal structure of beta-lactamase from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus PC1 has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution. It reveals a molecule of novel topology, made up of two closely associated domains. The active site is located at the interface between the domains, with the key catalytic residue Ser70 at the amino terminus of a buried helix. Examination of the disposition of the functionally important residues within the active site depression leads to a model for the binding of a substrate and a functional analogy to the serine proteases. The unusual topology of the secondary structure units is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary relation to the beta-lactam target enzymes of the bacterial cell wall.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herzberg, O -- Moult, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 8;236(4802):694-701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3107125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Endopeptidases ; Models, Molecular ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Protein Conformation ; Serine ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Solvents ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology ; *beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; beta-Lactams
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    Isolation of an olfactory cDNA: similarity to retinol-binding protein suggests a role in olfaction (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize a protein possibly involved in the signal transducing system in olfactory tissue of the frog Rana pipiens. A complementary DNA library was constructed with messenger RNA obtained from frog olfactory neuroepithelium. A 700-base pair complementary DNA clone encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 20,300 was identified by differential hybridization analysis with polyadenylated RNA from olfactory epithelium and nonsensory respiratory epithelium. The messenger RNA corresponding to this clone was abundant in the cells of Bowman's glands in olfactory tissue but not in respiratory epithelium nor in several other tissues. The predicted sequence of this protein is homologous to members of a family of proteins that bind and transport small molecules in serum, suggesting that this protein may also bind and transport odorants in the mucus secreted by Bowman's glands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, K H -- Wells, R G -- Reed, R R -- 5 PO1 CA16519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 T32 GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1053-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3493528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Epithelium/analysis ; Molecular Weight ; Mucus/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Odors ; Olfactory Mucosa/*analysis/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rana pipiens ; Respiratory System/analysis ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology
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    Transposon tagging and molecular analysis of the maize regulatory locus opaque-2 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-11-13
    Description: Genetic analyses suggested that the opaque-2 (o2) locus in maize acts as a positive, transacting, transcriptional activator of the zein seed storage-protein genes. Because isolation of the gene is requisite to understanding the molecular details of this regulation, transposon mutagenesis with the transposable element suppressor-mutator (Spm) was carried out, and three mutable o2 alleles were obtained. One of these alleles contained an 8.3-kilobase autonomous Spm, another a 6.8-kilobase nonautonomous Spm, and the third an unidentified transposon that is unrelated to Spm. A DNA sequence flanking the autonomous Spm insertion was verified to be o2-specific and provided a probe to clone a wild-type allele. Northern blots indicated that the gene is expressed in wild-type endosperm but not in leaf tissues or in endosperms homozygous for a mutant allele of the O2 gene. A transcript was detected in endosperms homozygous for mutations at opaque-7 and floury-2, an indication that O2 expression is independent of these two other putative regulators of zein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, R J -- Burr, F A -- Burr, B -- GM31093/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 13;238(4829):960-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2823388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; *Genes, Regulator ; Homozygote ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plants/*genetics ; Zea mays/genetics
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    Environmental trends in extinction during the Paleozoic (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: Extinction intensities calculated from 505 Paleozoic marine assemblages divided among six environmental zones and 40 stratigraphic intervals indicate that whole communities exhibit increasing extinction offshore but that genera within individual taxonomic classes tend to have their highest extinction onshore. The offshore trend at the community level results from a concentration of genera in classes with low characteristic extinction rates in nearshore environments. This finding is consistent with the ecologic expectation that organisms inhabiting unpredictably fluctuating environments should suffer more extinction than counterparts living under more predictably equitable conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sepkoski, J J Jr -- DEB 81-08890/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235:64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11539724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Classification ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates ; *Marine Biology ; Mollusca ; North America ; *Paleontology
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    Localization of amyloid beta protein messenger RNA in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-03
    Description: The distribution of cells containing messenger RNA that encodes amyloid beta protein was determined in hippocampi and in various cortical regions from cynomolgus monkeys, normal humans, and patients with Alzheimer's disease by in situ hybridization. Both 35S-labeled RNA antisense and sense probes to amyloid beta protein messenger RNA were used to ensure specific hybridization. Messenger RNA for amyloid beta protein was expressed in a subset of neurons in the prefrontal cortex from monkeys, normal humans, and patients with Alzheimer's disease. This messenger RNA was also present in the neurons of all the hippocampal fields from monkeys, normal humans and, although to a lesser extent in cornu ammonis 1, patients with Alzheimer's disease. The distribution of amyloid beta protein messenger RNA was similar to that of the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease in some regions, but the messenger RNA was also expressed in other neurons that are not usually involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bahmanyar, S -- Higgins, G A -- Goldgaber, D -- Lewis, D A -- Morrison, J H -- Wilson, M C -- Shankar, S K -- Gajdusek, D C -- AG05131/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH00519/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS23038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 3;237(4810):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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    Epitope mapping by chemical modification of free and antibody-bound protein antigen (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-13
    Description: A monoclonal antibody bound to a protein antigen slows the rate of chemical modification of amino acid residues located at the epitope. By comparing the degree of acetylation of 18 lysine and 7 threonine residues in free and antibody-bound horse cytochrome c, a discontiguous, conformational epitope was characterized on this protein antigen. The new approach is particularly suitable to probe discontiguous and conformational epitopes, which are difficult to analyze by other procedures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burnens, A -- Demotz, S -- Corradin, G -- Binz, H -- Bosshard, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 13;235(4790):780-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2433768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Cytochrome c Group/*immunology ; Epitopes/*immunology ; Horses ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Species Specificity
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    Gene for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-29
    Description: Linkage analysis of 15 Utah kindreds demonstrated that a gene responsible for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF) is located near the centromere on chromosome 17. The families also gave no evidence for heterogeneity, indicating that a significant proportion of NF cases are due to mutations at a single locus. Further genetic analysis can now refine this localization and may lead to the eventual identification and cloning of the defective gene responsible for this disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, D -- Wright, E -- Nguyen, K -- Cannon, L -- Fain, P -- Goldgar, D -- Bishop, D T -- Carey, J -- Baty, B -- Kivlin, J -- CA 28854/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 36362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 29090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 29;236(4805):1100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3107130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centromere ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; Neurofibromatosis 1/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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    Paleolithic diet, evolution, and carcinogens (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1633-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3120316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Carcinogens ; *Diet ; *Haplorhini ; Humans ; *Paleontology
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    Construction of a general human chromosome jumping library, with application to cystic fibrosis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: In many genetic disorders, the responsible gene and its protein product are unknown. The technique known as "reverse genetics," in which chromosomal map positions and genetically linked DNA markers are used to identify and clone such genes, is complicated by the fact that the molecular distances from the closest DNA markers to the gene itself are often too large to traverse by standard cloning techniques. To address this situation, a general human chromosome jumping library was constructed that allows the cloning of DNA sequences approximately 100 kilobases away from any starting point in genomic DNA. As an illustration of its usefulness, this library was searched for a jumping clone, starting at the met oncogene, which is a marker tightly linked to the cystic fibrosis gene that is located on human chromosome 7. Mapping of the new genomic fragment by pulsed field gel electrophoresis confirmed that it resides on chromosome 7 within 240 kilobases downstream of the met gene. The use of chromosome jumping should now be applicable to any genetic locus for which a closely linked DNA marker is available.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, F S -- Drumm, M L -- Cole, J L -- Lockwood, W K -- Vande Woude, G F -- Iannuzzi, M C -- GM34960/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2950591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Electrophoresis ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes
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    When does homology mean something else? (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 25;237(4822):1570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3629257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Terminology as Topic
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    Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: A DNA cross-link adduct of the antitumor agent mitomycin C (MC) to DNA has been isolated and characterized; the results provide direct proof for bifunctional alkylation of DNA by MC. Exposure of MC to Micrococcus luteus DNA under reductive conditions and subsequent nuclease digestion yielded adducts formed between MC and deoxyguanosine residues. In addition to the two known monoadducts, a bisadduct was obtained. Reductive MC activation with Na2S2O4 (sodium dithionite) leads to exclusive bifunctional alkylation. The structure of the bisadduct was determined by spectroscopic methods that included proton magnetic resonance, differential Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Formation of the same bisadduct in vivo was demonstrated upon injection of rats with MC. Computer-generated models of the bisadduct that was incorporated into the center of the duplex B-DNA decamer d(CGTACGTACG)2 indicated that the bisadduct fit snugly into the minor groove with minimal distortion of DNA structure. A mechanistic analysis of the factors that govern monofunctional and bifunctional adduct formation is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomasz, M -- Lipman, R -- Chowdary, D -- Pawlak, J -- Verdine, G L -- Nakanishi, K -- CA 11572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28681/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1204-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3103215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/*isolation & purification ; DNA/*metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mitomycin ; Mitomycins/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular
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    Structure of a psoralen cross-linked DNA in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-12-18
    Description: One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were used to determine a three-dimensional model of an eight-base-pair DNA fragment (d-GGGTACCC) cross-linked with psoralen in solution. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect experiments were used to assign the spectrum and estimate distances for 171 proton pairs in the cross-linked DNA. The NMR-derived model shows a 53 degree bend into the major groove that occurs primarily at the site of drug addition and a 56 degree unwinding that spans the eight-base-pair duplex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomic, M T -- Wemmer, D E -- Kim, S H -- GM 31616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3686011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; *Cross-Linking Reagents ; *Dna ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; *Methoxsalen ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; *Thymine
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    Region-specific expression of two mouse homeo box genes (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-13
    Description: Mammalian homeo box genes have been identified on the basis of sequence homology to Drosophila homeotic and segmentation genes. These studies examine the distribution of transcripts from two mouse homeo box genes, Hox-2.1 and Hox-3.1, throughout the latter third of prenatal development. Transcripts from these genes are regionally localized along the rostro-caudal axis of the developing central nervous system, yielding expression patterns very similar to patterns of Drosophila homeotic gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utset, M F -- Awgulewitsch, A -- Ruddle, F H -- McGinnis, W -- GM09966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2881353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Molecular dynamics of a cytochrome c-cytochrome b5 electron transfer complex (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-06
    Description: Cytochrome c and cytochrome b5 form an electrostatically associated electron transfer complex. Computer models of this and related complexes that were generated by docking the x-ray structures of the individual proteins have provided insight into the specificity and mechanism of electron transfer reactions. Previous static modeling studies were extended by molecular dynamics simulations of a cytochrome c-cytochrome b5 intermolecular complex. The simulations indicate that electrostatic interactions at the molecular interface results in a flexible association complex that samples alternative interheme geometries and molecular conformations. Many of these transient geometries appear to be more favorable for electron transfer than those formed in the initial model complex. Of particular interest is a conformational change that occurred in phenylalanine 82 of cytochrome c that allowed the phenyl side chain to bridge the two cytochrome heme groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wendoloski, J J -- Matthew, J B -- Weber, P C -- Salemme, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 6;238(4828):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE 19898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2823387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer Graphics ; Cytochrome b Group/*metabolism ; Cytochrome c Group/*metabolism ; Cytochromes b5 ; Electron Transport ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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    Human lipoprotein lipase complementary DNA sequence (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-27
    Description: Lipoprotein lipase is a key enzyme of lipid metabolism that acts to hydrolyze triglycerides, providing free fatty acids for cells and affecting the maturation of circulating lipoproteins. It has been proposed that the enzyme plays a role in the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. The human enzyme has been difficult to purify and its protein sequence was heretofore undetermined. A complementary DNA for human lipoprotein lipase that codes for a mature protein of 448 amino acids has now been cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the sequence indicates that human lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and pancreatic lipase are members of a gene family. Two distinct species of lipoprotein lipase messenger RNA that arise from alternative sites of 3'-terminal polyadenylation were detected in several different tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wion, K L -- Kirchgessner, T G -- Lusis, A J -- Schotz, M C -- Lawn, R M -- HL28481/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 27;235(4796):1638-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*analysis ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipase/analysis/genetics ; Lipoprotein Lipase/analysis/*genetics ; Liver/enzymology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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    Engineering enzyme specificity by "substrate-assisted catalysis" (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: A novel approach to engineering enzyme specificity is presented in which a catalytic group from an enzyme is first removed by site-directed mutagenesis causing inactivation. Activity is then partially restored by substrates containing the missing catalytic functional group. Replacement of the catalytic His with Ala in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin gene (the mutant is designated His64Ala) by site-directed mutagenesis reduces the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) by a factor of a million when assayed with N-succinyl-L-Phe-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Phe-p-nitroanilide (sFAAF-pNA). Model building studies showed that a His side chain at the P2 position of a substrate bound at the active site of subtilisin could be virtually superimposed on the catalytic His side chain of this serine protease. Accordingly, the His64Ala mutant hydrolyzes a His P2 substrate (sFAHF-pNA) up to 400 times faster than a homologous Ala P2 or Gln P2 substrate (sFAAF-pNA or sFAQF-pNA) at pH 8.0. In contrast, the wild-type enzyme hydrolyzes these three substrates with similar catalytic efficiencies. Additional data from substrate-dependent pH profiles and hydrolysis of large polypeptides indicate that the His64Ala mutant enzyme can recover partially the function of the lost catalytic histidine from a His P2 side chain on the substrate. Such "substrate-assisted catalysis" provides a new basis for engineering enzymes with very narrow and potentially useful substrate specificities. These studies also suggest a possible functional intermediate in the evolution of the catalytic triad of serine proteases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, P -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):394-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Substrate Specificity ; Subtilisins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Germline organization of the murine T cell receptor beta-chain genes (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-23
    Description: The complete germline organization of the beta-chain genes of the murine T cell receptor was elucidated in order to obtain the structural basis for understanding the mechanisms of somatic DNA rearrangements. Twenty of the 22 known variable (V beta) genes are clustered within 250 kilobases of DNA 5' to the constant region (C beta) genes. These V beta genes share the same transcriptional orientation as the diversity (D beta), joining (J beta), and C beta genes, which implies that chromosomal deletion is the mechanism for most V beta to D beta-J beta rearrangements. Within this V beta cluster, the distance between the most proximal V beta gene and the D beta-J beta-C beta cluster is 320 kilobases, as determined by field-inversion gel electrophoresis. The large distance between V beta and D beta, relative to that between D beta and J beta, may have significant implications for the ordered rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta-chain genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, H S -- Nelson, C A -- Godambe, S A -- Chaplin, D D -- Loh, D Y -- GM07067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 23;238(4826):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2821625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Neuronal circuits and evolution (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, B R -- Leise, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 26;236(4809):1681-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Nervous System/*anatomy & histology
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    Cellular localization of somatomedin (insulin-like growth factor) messenger RNA in the human fetus (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-04-10
    Description: The somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are synthesized in many organs and tissues, but the specific cells that synthesize them in vivo have not been defined. By in situ hybridization histochemistry, IGF I (somatomedin C) and IGF II messenger RNAs were localized to connective tissues or cells of mesenchymal origin in 14 organs and tissues from human fetuses. IGF messenger RNAs were localized to perisinusoidal cells of liver, to perichondrium of cartilage, to sclera of eye, and to connective tissue layers, sheaths, septa, and capsules of each organ and tissue. All of the hybridizing regions are comprised predominantly of fibroblasts or other cells of mesenchymal origin. Because these cells are widely distributed and anatomically integrated into tissues and organs, they are ideally located for production of IGFs, which may exert paracrine effects on nearby target cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, V K -- D'Ercole, A J -- Lund, P K -- HD00435/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD08299/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 10;236(4798):193-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3563497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fetus/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*physiology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Somatomedins/*physiology ; Tissue Distribution
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    Atomic structure of thymidylate synthase: target for rational drug design (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-23
    Description: The atomic structure of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus casei was determined at 3 angstrom resolution. The native enzyme is a dimer of identical subunits. The dimer interface is formed by an unusual association between five-stranded beta sheets present in each monomer. Comparison of known sequences with the Lactobacillus casei structure suggests that they all have a common core structure around which loops are inserted or deleted in different sequences. Residues from both subunits contribute to each active site. Two arginine side chains can contribute to binding phosphate on the substrate. The side chains of several conserved amino acids can account for other determinants of substrate binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, L W -- Finer-Moore, J S -- Montfort, W R -- Jones, M O -- Santi, D V -- Stroud, R M -- AI 19358/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA41323/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 24485/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 23;235(4787):448-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3099389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography ; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides/metabolism ; Lactobacillus casei/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Thymidylate Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
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    A sea urchin gene encodes a polypeptide homologous to epidermal growth factor (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-18
    Description: A sea urchin DNA clone complementary to an embryonic messenger RNA whose protein product bears striking homology to the epidermal growth factor family of proteins has been identified and characterized. The structure of the protein is similar to that of previously identified regulatory genes in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis. RNA gel blot hybridization showed a unique temporal pattern of expression of this gene during embryogenesis and transcript enrichment in the embryonic ectoderm. These results suggest that this member of the epidermal growth factor gene family plays a role in early development decisions in sea urchin embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hursh, D A -- Andrews, M E -- Raff, R A -- R01 HD21986/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 18;237(4821):1487-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3498216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cysteine/analysis ; DNA/analysis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptides/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sea Urchins/genetics
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    Megabase-scale mapping of the HLA gene complex by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-13
    Description: In the study of the genetic structure of mammalian chromosomes, there exists a "resolution gap" between molecular cloning experiments and meiotic linkage analyses. This gap has discouraged attempts to construct full-scale genetic maps of mammalian chromosomes. The organization of the human major histocompatibility complex was examined within this range by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The data obtained indicate that the complex spans over 3000 kilobases and enable the construction of a megabase-scale molecular map. These results indicate that the techniques employed in DNA extraction, enzymatic digestion, electrophoresis, and hybridization are suitable for the efficient analysis of megabase regions of mammalian chromosomes and effectively bridge the resolution gap between molecular cloning and classical genetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrance, S K -- Smith, C L -- Srivastava, R -- Cantor, C R -- Weissman, S M -- 5-T35-CA-39782/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1387-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-D Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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    Human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene: cloning, identification, and sequence (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-13
    Description: Recent evidence indicates the existence of a genetic locus in chromosome region 13q14 that confers susceptibility to retinoblastoma, a cancer of the eye in children. A gene encoding a messenger RNA (mRNA) of 4.6 kilobases (kb), located in the proximity of esterase D, was identified as the retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) gene on the basis of chromosomal location, homozygous deletion, and tumor-specific alterations in expression. Transcription of this gene was abnormal in six of six retinoblastomas examined: in two tumors, RB mRNA was not detectable, while four others expressed variable quantities of RB mRNA with decreased molecular size of about 4.0 kb. In contrast, full-length RB mRNA was present in human fetal retina and placenta, and in other tumors such as neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. DNA from retinoblastoma cells had a homozygous gene deletion in one case and hemizygous deletion in another case, while the remainder were not grossly different from normal human control DNA. The gene contains at least 12 exons distributed in a region of over 100 kb. Sequence analysis of complementary DNA clones yielded a single long open reading frame that could encode a hypothetical protein of 816 amino acids. A computer-assisted search of a protein sequence database revealed no closely related proteins. Features of the predicted amino acid sequence include potential metal-binding domains similar to those found in nucleic acid-binding proteins. These results provide a framework for further study of recessive genetic mechanisms in human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, W H -- Bookstein, R -- Hong, F -- Young, L J -- Shew, J Y -- Lee, E Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 13;235(4794):1394-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3823889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Carboxylesterase ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Placenta/analysis ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Retina/analysis/embryology ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    The origin of the modern human mind (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 8;236(4802):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Language ; Thinking
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    Phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes from DNA sequences in the psi eta-globin region (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: Sequences from the upstream and downstream flanking DNA regions of the psi eta-globin locus in Pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan, the closest living relative to Homo, Pan, and Gorilla) provided further data for evaluating the phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes. These newly sequenced orthologs [an additional 4.9 kilobase pairs (kbp) for each species] were combined with published psi eta-gene sequences and then compared to the same orthologous stretch (a continuous 7.1-kbp region) available for humans. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences by the parsimony method indicated (i) that human and chimpanzee are more closely related to each other than either is to gorilla and (ii) that the slowdown in the rate of sequence evolution evident in higher primates is especially pronounced in humans. These results indicate that features (for example, knuckle-walking) unique to African apes (but not to humans) are primitive and that even local molecular clocks should be applied with caution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, M M -- Slightom, J L -- Goodman, M -- R01 HL 33940/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3116671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Gait ; Globins/*genetics ; Gorilla gorilla/*genetics ; Haplorhini/*genetics ; Humans ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Derivation of clones close to met by preparative field inversion gel electrophoresis (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-06-05
    Description: The molecular analysis of genes identified by mutations is a major problem in mammalian genetics. As a step toward this goal, preparative field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was used to selectively isolate clones from the environment of genetically linked markers, and to select a subset of these clones containing sequences next to specific restriction sites rare in mammalian DNA. This approach has been used to generate a library highly enriched in sequences closely linked to the cystic fibrosis marker met. One clone derived from the end of a Not I restriction fragment containing the met sequence was analyzed in detail and localized within a long range map to a position 300 kilobase pairs 5' of the metD sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michiels, F -- Burmeister, M -- Lehrach, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3035716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis/*methods ; *Genetic Markers ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    A tunnel in the large ribosomal subunit revealed by three-dimensional image reconstruction (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-15
    Description: A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein biosynthesis depends on the availability of a reliable model for the ribosome particle. The application of a diffraction technique, namely, three-dimensional image reconstruction from two-dimensional sheets of the large ribosomal subunits of Bacillus stearothermophilus at a resolution of 30 angstroms is described. The resulting three-dimensional model shows at least four projecting arms, arranged radially near the presumed interface with the 30S subunit. The projecting arms are positioned around a cleft, which turns into a tunnel with a length of 100 to 120 angstroms and a diameter of up to 25 angstroms. This tunnel spans the particle and may provide the path taken by the nascent polypeptide chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yonath, A -- Leonard, K R -- Wittmann, H G -- GM34360/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):813-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Geobacillus stearothermophilus/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Ribosomes/*ultrastructure
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    RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: In initial attempts to define the molecular events responsible for the latent state of herpes simplex virus, in situ hybridization was utilized to search for virally encoded RNA transcripts in latently infected sensory neurons. The use of cloned probes representing the entire viral genome indicated that transcripts encoded within terminal repeats were present. When the alpha genes encoding ICP-0, ICP-4, and ICP-27 and the gamma 1 gene encoding VP-5 were employed, only RNA transcripts hybridizing to the ICP-0 probe were detected. In latently infected cells, the ICP-0--related transcripts were localized principally in the nucleus; this was not the case in acutely (productively) infected neurons or in neurons probed for RNA transcripts coding for actin. In Northern blotting experiments, an RNA of 2.6 kilobases was detected with the ICP-0 probe. When single-stranded DNAs from the ICP-0 region were used as probes, RNA from the strand complementary to that encoding ICP-0 messenger RNA (mRNA) was the major species detected. This RNA species may play a significant role in maintaining the latent infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, J G -- Wagner, E K -- Devi-Rao, G B -- Cook, M L -- Feldman, L T -- AI-06246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 11861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1056-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Spinal/microbiology ; *Genes, Viral ; Herpes Simplex/microbiology ; Mice ; Neurons/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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