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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A survey of linear singular systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 3-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is a brief historical review of linear singular systems, followed by a survey of results on their solution and properties. The frequency domain and time domain approaches are discussed together to sketch an overall picture of the current status of the theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600184
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some properties of solutions of the semi-state model for nonlinear nonstationary systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 109-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Certain properties of solutions similar to set invariance, set attractivity, boundedness, BIBO stability, etc. are investigated for the semistate model $$P(t)\dot x = M(t,x)x + D(t,x)u,y = q(t,x,u).$$ For systems considered, it is assumed that the reduction to a normal form of lower order is not possible. Using the direct method of Liapunov, the properties of solutions are investigated without actual knowledge of solutions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600190
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiple time scales for nonlinear systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 153-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we extend the results on the multiple time-scale structure for linear autonomous systems of the form $$\dot x = A( \in )x$$ (cf. Coderchet al. [1]) to nonlinear autonomous systems. Our main result is in obtaining conditions under which the linearized system and the nonlinear system around an equilibrium point have the same time-scale structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600193
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A semistate approach to feedback stabilization of neutral delay systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 69-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we consider derivative feedback in a semistate framework for the problem of stabilizing the neutral root chains for a class of neutral delay-differential equations where the difference operator (orD-operator) is unstable. Recent work has shown that such systems cannot be stabilized by state feedback alone[3], [13], [16]. In addition, we consider the problem of using derivative feedback to eliminate all neutral root chains entirely, thus turning the closed loop system into a retarded delay system. By representing neutral delay-differential systems as semistate systems over a polynomial ring of delay operators, both of the above problems are shown to be reducible to the following question: Given matricesD,B over a commutative ringR, when does there exist a matrixM also overR such thatD+BM isR-unimodular? In the case of commensurable point delays our results are applications of some recent results on the simultaneous stabilization problem [19], and we give a constructive procedure for computing the required feedback law. In the case of noncommensurable delays we give a sufficient condition for the existence of suitable feedback for the above problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600187
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A geometric characterization of the reachable and the controllable subspaces of descriptor systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The concepts of {A,E,R(B)} and restricted {E,A,R(B)} invariance are introduced. The reachable subspace of a descriptor system is shown to be the supremal {A,E,R(B)}invariant subspace contained in the least restricted {E,A,R(B)} subspace of Rn. Algorithms to compute the reachable subspace of a descriptor system $$E\dot x = Ax + Bu$$ in terms ofE,A andB are given. A new proof of the feedback invariance of the reachable subspace is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600185
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On one-leg methods for differential-algebraic equations (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract One-leg methods for general differential-algebraic equations are analyzed. Sufficient stability conditions are formulated for transferable differential-algebraic equations. A natural scaling is proposed to obtain matrices with uniformly bounded condition in the linear systems to be solved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600188
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On digital smoothing filters: A brief review of closed form solutions and two new filter approaches (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 187-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The concept of smoothing noisy data using appropriate polynomials turns out to be equivalent to the application of suitable nonrecursive digital filters having the following properties: They process the data in such a way that the moments are conserved up to a desired order while the energy of their impulse response is minimum. Flatness constraints of their frequency response at Ω=0 are equivalent to the moment condition. By using orthogonal polynomials, an explicit solution is known from the literature. A second approach which uses a special decomposition also yields closed form solutions. The realization is simplified, especially in the case where a large number of moments is supposed to be conserved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600056
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decoupling and pole-zero assignment of singular systems with dynamic state feedback (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 49-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper refers to the problem of designing a linear state feedback dynamic controller for single-input, single-output decoupling of linear, time-invariant, singular systems. Sufficient conditions are established for the state-feedback decoupling problem to have a solution. In the case where the system satisfies these conditions, the class of controller matrices which decouple the system is given. Finally a method is presented for pole-zero placement in the decoupled singular system and a structure is described for the realization of the generalized transfer function matrices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600186
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A characterization of semistate systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600191
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Semistate implementation: Differentiator example (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that the semistate equations can be transformed via a linear transformation into a form which is useful for physical realizations. The result is applied to the example of a semistate described differentiator which is then realized through an op-amp circuit composed of integrators.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600194
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oscillations of nonlinear feedback systems which contain tightly coupled subsystems in cascade (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 227-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We formulate and prove a theorem which gives a rigorous theoretical justification for the use of describing functions to predict the existence of limit cycles in a multiple nonlinear feedback system and to predict the stability properties of these limit cycles. Our approach uses the classical sinusoidal-input describing function and the theory of integral manifolds. We demonstrate the applicability of our result by means of two specific examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600058
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chaos generation using binary hysteresis (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 321-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The design of a continuous-time system suitable for electronic circuit realization for integrated circuit generation of chaotic responses is presented. The system is second order and is based upon an unstable oscillator with state-space trajectories that are fed back into themselves, and stabilized, via the use of binary hysteresis. The chaotic nature of the signals is guaranteed by a theorem of Li and Yorke through the generation of a period-three return map. Experimental results are given that verify the design.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600066
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some results concerning the abstract degenerate nonlinear equationD t Mu(t) +Lu(t)=f(t, Ku(t)) (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We apply some abstract existence results, proved in Sections 1 and 2 of the paper, to some cases of the following problem (P), formally stated as (P) $$\left\{ \begin{gathered} D_t \left( {Mu\left( t \right)} \right) + Lu\left( t \right) = f\left( {t,Ku\left( t \right)} \right) 0〈 t \leqslant \tau \hfill \\ Mu\left( t \right) \to u_0 as t \to 0 + \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.$$ whereK,L,M are linear and/is a nonlinear term. The unknown functionu is required to lie in various functional spaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600059
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geometric properties of nonlinear networks containing capacitor-only cutsets and/or inductor-only loops. Part I: Conservation laws (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 279-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the first in a two part sequence which studies nonlinear networks, containing capacitor-only cutsets and/or inductor-only loops from the geometric coordinate-free point of view of differentiable manifolds. Given such a nonlinear networkN, with °0 equal to the sum of the number of independent capacitor-only cutsets and the number of independent inductor-only loops, we establish the following: (i) circuit theoretic sufficient conditions to guarantee that the set Σ0, of equilibrium points is a δ0-dimensional submanifold of the state space Σ ofN; (ii) circuit theoretic sufficient conditions for the condition thatN has δ0 independent conservation laws and hence that through each pointσ of the state space Σ ofN, there passes a codimension δ0 invariant submanifold ∑ σ * of the network dynamics; (iii) circuit theoretic sufficient conditions to guarantee that the manifolds ∑ σ * and Σ0 intersect transversely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600065
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A note on the genericity of simultaneous stabilizability and pole assignability (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we study the genericity of simultaneous stabilizability, simultaneous strong stabilizability, and simultaneous pole assignability, in linear multivariable systems. The main results of the paper had been previously established by Ghosh and Byrnes using state-space methods. In contrast, the proofs in the present paper are based on input-output arguments, and are much simpler to follow, especially in the case of simultaneous and simultaneous strong stabilizability. Moreover, the input-output methods used here suggest computationally reliable algorithms for solving these two types of problems. In addition to the main results, we also prove some lemmas on generic greatest common divisors which are of independent interest.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600068
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of arbitrary digital transfer functions using allpass-based structures derived via LBR two-pair extraction procedure (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 343-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The implementation of a digital filter transfer function with all transmission zeros on the unit circle is developed via the synthesis of an appropriate allpass function. The synthesis procedure is based on the “LBR-extraction” approach. The resulting structure is in the form of a doubly terminated cascade of lossless (LBR) two-pairs, with each two-pair realizing a single real or a pair of complex transmission zeros. The Concepts of complete and partial “1” removals, and “1” shifting are introduced and utilized during the synthesis process. The resulting structures have several properties in common with the Gray and Markel lattice filters, but do not require tap coefficients for numerator realization. The building blocks used in this paper are similar to those in certain wave-digital filters and orthogonal filters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600067
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generalized solutions of semistate equations and stability (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 391-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, solvability and stability of nonlinear, time-varying semistate equations is discussed. It is shown that generalized solutions exist in a vicinity of an equilibrium. Moreover, results on a Liapunov-like (uniform, asymptotic) stability are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599616
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Approximating linearizations for nonlinear systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Given a nonlinear control system $$\dot x(t) = f(x(t)) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {u_i (t)g_i (x(t))}$$ on ℝ n and a pointx 0 in ℝ n , we want to approximate the system nearx 0 by a linear system. Of course, one approach is to use the usual Taylor series linearization. However, the controllability properties of both the nonlinear and linear systems depend on certain Lie brackets of the vector field under consideration. This suggests that we should construct a linear approximation based on Lie bracket matching atx 0. In general, the linearizations based on the Taylor method and the Lie bracket approach are different. However, under certain mild assumptions, we show that there is a coordinate system for ℝ n nearx 0 in which these two types of linearizations agree. We indicate the importance of this agreement by examining the time responses of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation and comparing the lower-order kernels in Volterra expansions of each.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599618
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new approach to Hurwitz polynomials in several variables (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 405-417 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The theory of scattering and related types of Hurwitz polynomials, as well as the role of these polynomials in the theory of multidimensional passive circuits, have been established in previous publications. In the present paper a new approach is developed by means of which the previous results on scattering Hurwitz polynomials can be obtained in a more compact and systematic fashion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599617
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Approximation of nonlinear systems having outputs (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Suppose we have a nonlinear system with output $$\begin{gathered} \dot x = f(x) + g(x)u, \hfill \\ y = h(x), \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ an open setO of state spaceR n , and a positive integerk. We find conditions onf,g, andh so that for eachx 0 ε O there is ann-dimensional affine linear system, which depends onx 0 but not onu, having the property that the output time responses (starting at the statex 0 of the original nonlinear system and this approximating linear system agree through orderk for any admissable controlu. Several possible applications of our results are examined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599621
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geometric properties of nonlinear networks containing capacitor-only cutsets and/or inductor-only loops. Part II: Symmetries (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is the last in a two-part sequence which studies nonlinear networks, containing capacitor-only cutsets and/or inductor-only loops, from the geometric coordinate-free point of view of the theory of differentiable manifolds. For such circuits, it is shown that (subject to certain assumptions) there is a naturally defined Lie group action of $$\mathbb{R}^{\delta _0 }$$ on the state space ∑ ofN, whereδ 0 is the sum of the number of independent capacitor-only cutsets and the number of independent inductor-only loops. Circuit theoretic sufficient conditions on the reactive constitutive relations are derived for the circuit dynamics to be invariant under this Lie group action.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599619
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stability of nonlinear systems with three time scales (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 449-464 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We study the asymptotic stability of a singularly perturbed nonlinear time-invariant systemS ɛv , which has three vastly different time scales. The systemS ɛv is approximated by three simpler systems over different time intervals. We give a straightforward proof of the fact that the asymptotic stability ofS ɛv is guaranteed when the equilibrium points of the three simpler systems are exponentially stable and when the parametersɛ andν are sufficiently small.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599620
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Index two linear time varying singular systems of differential equations (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 97-107 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Linear time varying singular systems of differential equations of the formA(t)x′(t) + B(t)x(t)=f(t) whereA(t) is singular and the system has index at most two are considered. Recent results on their analytic solution are improved on. Examples are given that show these results are not easily extended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600189
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Global analyticity of a geometric decomposition for linear singularly perturbed systems (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 139-152 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A geometric decomposition is developed for linear, time-invariant singularly perturbed systems of a general form. The decomposition is shown to be determined by a mappingd between two real analytic manifolds, the range ofd being a manifold of canonical forms. Our main result establishes analyticity ofd over its entire domain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600192
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recursive estimation of two-dimensional processes with application to image processing (1986)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 5 (1986), S. 211-226 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A low order quarter-plane-causal recursive model is presented to represent the class of 2-D stationary Gaussian processes with power spectra matrices factorable into a quarter-plane-causal and anti-causal parts. This model is used to develop a technique for obtaining optimal 2-D recursive estimators. The approach taken here is similar to Attasi's [8], with no commutability condition imposed on the model. Circumventing this condition allows the modeling of the 2-D processes to be achieved with fewer parameters, and enables one to find the solutions to the problems of “blur” and “color noise” which are inherent in most image degraded images. Some simulated examples illustrate these points.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600057
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Waveguide Bragg mirror with negative differential characteristic (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 315-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The dependence of Bragg mirror efficiency on the grating depth or the amplitude of the grating harmonic is investigated and shown to be similar to theI-V characteristic of a tunnel diode.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032557
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Natural linewidth of anisotropic lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 335-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The natural linewidth of lasers is shown to be enhanced with respect to the value predicted by the Schawlow-Townes formula when the gain is high and inhomogeneous in transverse or longitudinal directions. A general formula for the linewidth enhancement is derived from first principles: Maxwell's equations and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, for media with arbitrary bi-anisotropy and dispersion. The result is expressed in terms of an integral of the resonating field over the cavity volume. For isotropic media (scalar ε and μ), this formula generalizes previous results by Petermann for gain-guided lasers, by Ujihara for lasers with low reflectivity mirrors, and results obtained by other authors for lasers coupled to long external cavities. The role of non-reciprocity is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032560
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tunable wavelength-selective asymmetrical single-mode fibre directional couplers with an intermediate layer (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 365-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The power-transfer function of asymmetrical directional couplers consisting of two polished single-mode fibres with different core diameters and refractive-index differences has a band-pass behaviour over the wavelength. The fixed centre wavelength of the bandpass is determined by the fibre parameters only. Theoretical calculations show that, by inserting an intermediate dielectric layer with suitable thickness and shape between the fibres, the centre wavelength can be shifted easily over a range of ±30 nm. Experimental results are in good agreement with theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032563
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fibre-grating pair pulse compression at 1.32μm (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041166
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gain and absorption of an X-ray pre-ionized XeCl discharge laser at high gas pressures (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 431-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics of XeCl discharge lasers at high gas pressures (∼ 15 atm). From a comparison of the fluorescence measurements with the net small signal gain coefficients, it was concluded that absorption is the main cause of the catastrophic drop in laser output power in higher pressures. Accounting for such molecular absorbers as Xe+ 2, Xe* 2, and Xe2Cl*, the absorption coefficient,K, was calculated using a simple steady-state analysis and the net gain coefficients deduced from the calculated absorptions came to within an order of magnitude of the measured values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041168
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excess-noise suppression in a fibre-optic balanced heterodyne detection system (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We have investigated balanced heterodyne detection in applications where laser intensity fluctuations are the dominant noise source, as, for example, in laser Doppler velocimetry with a He-Ne laser. The suppression of excess noise in comparison with a single receiver detection system is analysed theoretically. In our heterodyne experiment we have compared two different fibre-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers, both with single-mode polarization-preserving fibres, one in integrated form using a directional coupler, the other one with a dielectric beam-splitter as the optical mixing element. With the former we have verified the theoretical results; with the latter we have demonstrated that with a good balance the fundamental short noise detection limit can be reached.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041170
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectral evolution of a flash-lamp-pumped untuned dye laser (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The process of formation of the spectrum of a flash-lamp-pumped untuned dye laser has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The study is centred fundamentally around the initial evolution of the spectrum. The main lines of the spectral evolution have been investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069357
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficient capacity for a PPM weak noisy photon-counting channel (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Results on the efficient capacity of a noisy PPM photon-counting channel are presented. Optimization of the optical system over the number of slots, the average power of the signal and the frequency bandwidth of the channel is considered and studied. The regions of quantum-limited operations and weak background noise are analysed in detail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069360
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermo-optic bistable devices: Theory of operation in freestanding films (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 57-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a theory for the operation of thin-film thermo-optic bistable devices. Special attention is paid to free-standing films. After a review of nonlinear Fabry—Perot resonators and how they work we solve the heat equation in the thin film subject to a heating effect. Switching speed and optical power consumption are functions of the rate of change of temperature in the presence of a heat source. The interplay of heat loss from the surface of the film with heat diffusion within the film complicate the dynamics considerably. Quantitative results are derived for the dependence of speed and power on the dimensions of the active region of the optical element. It is found that diffusion transients can effect more rapid switching at the expense of power but only for infrequent operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069361
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of r.f. and microwave signals from low-frequency square-wave modulation of laser diode (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032115
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogen generation by materials related to submarine optical cables (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032116
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Self-diffraction of CO2-laser radiation in SF6 (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Self-diffraction of CO2-laser radiation (λ=10.51 μm) has been observed in gaseous SF6. Different orders of self-diffraction have been studied, up to the third. The amplification due to degenerate resonant multiphoton parametric processes has been measured to be as large as eight. The experimental estimates have been derived for the effective nonlinear susceptibilities (coefficients of nonlinear interaction) of the third, fifth, and seventh orders. The self-diffraction may essentially affect nonlinear processes including optical phase conjugation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032118
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pulse-shape determination of intracavity compressed picosecond pulses by two-photon fluorescence analysis (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Intracavity pulse compression of self-phase modulated pulses in passively modelocked lasers leads to temporally structured pulses. Experimental two-photon fluorescence traces are decorrelated to determine the approximate temporal shape of the modulated pulses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032122
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Range and accuracy in backscatter measurements (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio for attenuation, joint loss, link loss and fault location measurements is established for both coherent and incoherent OTDRs. For each parameter, range is defined as the maximum distance over which a minimum acceptable measurement accuracy, or corresponding minimum acceptable signal-to-noise ratio, is attained. Range, defined in this way, serves as a basis for the comparison of different OTDRs. Results are presented which verify the theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029874
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of output parameters of a 4.3-μm longitudinal-discharge CO2 laser (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple hot-cell-free 4.3-μm CO2 laser with longitudinal d.c. discharge is described and the results of its parametrization are presented. It is shown that for effective operation of the 4.3-μm (10° 1-10°0 band) CO2 laser, use of active mixtures containing 4 to 5% of carbon dioxide with ∼20% nitrogen is needed. The laser is mechanically Q-switched producing peak powers in excess of 60 W with a pulse duration of 300 ns FWHM. The 4.3-μm laser is easily tunable and operates on the P and R branches of the 10°1-10°0 band of CO2. The peculiarities of spectral performances are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032559
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effet de l'irradiation par des neutrons sur les caractéristiques temporelles d'une fibre optique à gradient d'indice (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The evolution of the temporal characteristics of a graded-index optical fibre during neutron irradiation has been performed. Narrowing of the transmitted pulse width has been clearly obtained. The irradiation effect on the index profile of the fibre is reported and a calculation based on the WKB method is derived which explains the experimental results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069359
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical fibre group delay measurement using a novel low-frequency method (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069364
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cooled pockels cell for laser fusion applications (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069365
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimal designing of grating couplers for diffused waveguides in electro-optical crystals (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Grating couplers for electro-optical diffused waveguides (such as Ti:LiNbO3, Ti:LiTaO3, etc.) are examined theoretically. A comparison of the improvements resulting from groove deepening, grating metallization, covering and multicovering of waveguide corrugation is made. Expressions for the calculation of the optimum parameters for multicovering are given and the method for optimization of the parameters is presented. It is shown that high-efficiency couplers for diffused electro-optical waveguides can be made using corrugations no longer than 1 mm and no deeper than 10 nm. A numerical illustration is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the method for the improvement of other grating devices (distributed Bragg reflector, thin-film grating coupler).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032117
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of excited-state absorption and stimulated emission in UV dyes on the shortening of laser pulses interacting with saturable absorbers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Saturation properties of the dyes in the presence of excited-state absorption and amplified spontaneous emission in the dye are studied theoretically. In the analysis the above two effects are included separately and it is shown that they are deleterious to the pulse-shortening capabilities of the dyes. It is also shown that in the conventional single-pass shortening of laser pulses with saturable dyes large pulse shortening ratios (⩾20) may be expected if the dye saturation is combined with a properly delayed dye generation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032121
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical fibre communications — principles and practice (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 169-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032124
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temporal compression of Nd: YAG pulses using chirp compensation (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030985
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement and display of semiconductor pulsed-laser characteristics on a TV screen (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Visual presentation of pulsed laser characteristics such as voltage and power as a function of laser current is achieved in two steps: first, measurement and then storing the results; secondly, screening from the memory the characteristics on a TV monitor. Power measurement is performed inserting a thick scattering plate between the laser and the photodetector. Peak voltages corresponding to the laser voltage, current and power are measured by the sampling peak detectors and then converted by an analog-to-digital converter. The paper contains a brief description of the instrument and a short analysis of the power measuring unit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030988
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel InGaAs PIN photodiode on semi-insulating InP (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 174-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030986
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incoherent light propagation over a folded path in the turbulent atmosphere (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Incoherent light propagation over a folded path in the turbulent atmosphere has been examined using the phase-screen method. Expressions for the variance of the received power have been obtained in the weak turbulence conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069356
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hysteretical and spectral behaviour of bistable cleaved coupled cavity semiconductor diode lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Cleaved coupled-cavity GaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers have been fabricated which display optical bistability with wide hysteresis loops in their light current (L/I) characteristics. The single longitudinal mode output of these devices has been investigated under several operating conditions. The observed spectral changes associated with mode hopping, shifting and jumping across the band have been explained qualitatively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069358
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of gaussian beam excited rectangular dielectric guide modes by ray theory (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In the present paper, ray analysis of the wave propagation has been used to evaluate the excitation of a linear dielectric guide by a gaussian beam. The paper begins by determining the Green's function of the structure and also evaluates the excitation by gaussian beam therefrom, following Falsen and Shin [1].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069362
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis and optimization of integrated-optic travelling-wave modulators using periodic and non-periodic phase reversals (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An analysis is given of phase-reversal electrode structures used for phase matching in travelling-wave integrated-optic phase modulators. Both modulus and argument of the phase shift are obtained; both are required for applications involving broadband excitation. Periodic and non-periodic lossy structures are treated and the advantage of non-periodic structures for wide-band operation is demonstrated. Optimum structure arrangements and upper bounds to phase shift and figure of merit are derived.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030990
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The common matrix formalism for multi-layer systems is generalized to describe the optical field propagation along an arbitrary cascade of step discontinuities in a planar dielectric waveguide. The reflection and transmission properties of the step cascade are modelled by rigorous operator relations in a Hilbert-space calculus. In this way the complete propagation problem is reduced to two basic transformations. TE- and TM-polarized fields are treated simultaneously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030992
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonlinear light-current characteristics of narrow stripe geometry lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029869
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optical frequency-domain reflectometery (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Experimental and simple analytical investigations have been performed on modulation-frequency-sweeping optical frequency-domain reflectometry (hereafter OFDR) technique for fibre diagnostic purposes. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by computer simulations. Signal-to-noise-ratio improvement of more than 50 dB is expected by using a synchronous-detection type of filtering process. The results well confirm the diagnostic ability of the technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029871
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Power limiting and optical switching with nematic liquid-crystal films (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032556
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical analysis of non-thermal pump effects in broadband CARS spectroscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of finite-bandwidth multimode pump lasers in CARS is normally accounted for by an intensity convolution integral based on gaussian (thermal) pump sources. This paper presents a derivation of the convolution integral for non-gaussian pump sources derived from frequency doubling. The modified convolution integral makes it possible to identify regions of insensitivity to pump stochastic properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032558
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simple approximation formulae for elliptical dielectric waveguides (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple method to obtain accurate explicit approximation formulae for the properties of an elliptical dielectric waveguide is explained. As examples, expressions for the propagation constant, geometric birefringence, and generalized two-dimensional Petermann spot-size are derived for step refractive index profiles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032561
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency-doubling PFM system to prolong the distance of optical fibre TV programme transmission (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In the square-wave PFM system for transmission of TV programmes through optical fibres, square-wave PFM pulses are generated at the transmitter with a relatively low centre frequency, whereas double-frequency equal-width narrow pulses are produced in the receiver before the demodulating low-pass filter, at both the rising and falling edges of the transmitted pulses. The use of the frequency-doubling technique in such a system results in narrow transmission bandwidth and high receiver sensitivity, thus prolonging the transmission distance significantly as compared with ordinary PFM. In the experiment, the system is operated at 1.3 μm with multimode fibre having bandwidth 700 MHz km, a laser diode as optical source and a PIN/FET as detector. It can effectively transmit the high-quality broadcast TV programme with accompanying sound channel to a distance of 50.7 km. Experimental results are: receiver sensitivity −40 dB m, weighted SNR for video 59.3 dB, differential gain and differential phase less than 1% and 1°, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032564
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GaInAsP/InP surface-emitting laser diode (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 403-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this review paper, we will introduce the advantages and laser characteristics of GaInAsP/InP surface-emitting (SE) lasers. In order to obtain the room temperature oscillation of the SE laser diodes, it is very important to reduce not only its threshold current density but also threshold current itself. To decrease its threshold current density and/or its threshold current, we investigated some possible SE laser structures. First, we tried to reduce the threshold current density by introducing (i) a Au/SiO2 mirror, (ii) a dielectric multilayer mirror to increase the n-side (output-side) reflectivity, and (iii) multi-active-layer structure. Next, to reduce the threshold current, certain types of current confining structure, namely (i) a round-high-mesa/polyimide-buried structure, (ii) a planar buried heterostructure (PBH), (iii) a circular buried heterostructure (CBH) with SiO2 mask and (iv) a flat surface circular buried heterostructure (FCBH), were investigated. The threshold current of the SE laser was reduced to 18 mA and its highest operation temperature was raised to 263 K (−10°C).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041165
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel optical cell design for liquid crystal devices providing sub-millisecond switching (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041167
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-current regime of the helical hollow cathode Ne-TlCl and He-Kr lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The possibilities of high-current laser operation in Ne-TlCl and He-Kr discharges are studied using a multiple-anode helical hollow cathode design of the laser tube. Lasing on two thallium and two krypton-ion lines is obtained. The processes limiting the c.w. mode of operation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041171
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069353
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Highly accurate numerical method for determination of propagation characteristics of dispersion-flattened fibres (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069354
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Far-field techniques for the characterization of single-mode fibres (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 5-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The characterization of single-mode fibres is important not only for determining the system parameters for a particular fibre, but also for the specification of fibres for manufacturing purposes. We present a detailed analysis of two new methods of characterizing single-mode fibres. The ‘strip integrated far-field method’ involves measuring the light power passed by a thin slit scanned across the far-field pattern and the ‘area integrated far-field method’ involves measuring the light power passed by a knife edge scanned across the far-field pattern. It is shown that, for either method, the measured data is related to the transverse offset transmission coefficient by the Fourier-cosine transform and hence that the far-field r.m.s. spot-size can be directly calculated. Noise analysis shows that the area integrated far-field method is superior to the strip integrated far-field method and similar to the ‘far-field mask method’ when a broadband light source is used to measure the far-field r.m.s. spot-size. It is also shown that the area integrated far-field method has smaller systematic errors than the far-field mask method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069355
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coupled wave analysis for a reflection dephased mixed hologram grating (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A coupled-wave analysis is given for a mixed hologram grating. The effect of spatial dephasing between the absorption and phase grating which was previously presented in transmission gratings is now developed for reflection ones. The effect is presented analytically and evaluated numerically for several cases. The analysis is motivated by the photorefractive effect in electro-optic crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030991
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Here we use the operator formalism of Part 1 to carry out numerical investigations of step discontinuities in planar dielectric waveguides. Up to now, mainly symmetrical configurations have been analysed, and so in this paper asymmetrical configurations will be investigated primarily and also compared with the corresponding symmetrical ones. Moreover the optical properties of a realistic rounded step will be compared with those of an ideal step discontinuity. Investigations of asymmetrical double-step discontinuities are also taken into consideration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030993
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 247-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030995
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Broadband matrix switches: Electro-optic or optoelectronic? (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Photonic matrix switches using optical (directional coupler) and optoelectronic (photoconductor) principles are compared. It is concluded that, although broadband switching performance can be about equivalent for the individual devices, the optoelectronic matrix offers significant advantages in several important applications, particularly for large-scale broadband switching.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029872
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Slow fluctuations of group delay and intensity of coherent optical signals in multimode fibres (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032555
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Highly sensitive fluorescence microscope system for single biological cell using laser excitation and digital image processing and display (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A novel type of laser-excited fluorescence microscope system is reported, which, for the first time, realizes excellent sensitivity and spatial resolution in biological and medical applications using an ultra-high sensitivity image camera and digital image processing technique for three-dimensional display of the detected fluorescence intensity across a single cell. Experimental studies are also presented on the fluorescence intensity distribution of Rhodamine 6G adsorbed in an OH gel as a simple cell model and also of a hematoporphyrin-derivative (HpD) taken up by a cultured esophagus cancer cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069363
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coherent forward four-wave mixing of ultrashort radiation pulses in a resonant medium (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Forward four-wave mixing (FFWM) of ultrashort light pulses is considered theoretically under their coherent propagation in a resonant-absorbing medium. Nonlinear equations describing FFWM are obtained and studied and it is shown that the energy exchange between pulses of exact resonance may lead to the enhancement of weak radiation. The influence of input radiation parameters and interaction geometry on the FFWM characteristics has been studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032120
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffraction characteristics of planar corrugated waveguides (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The diffraction efficiency curves are calculated as a function of the angle of incidence for planar waveguides with corrugation on the waveguide-air boundary or on the waveguide-substrate boundary, respectively. It is shown that the reflectance of the system is increased up to 100% because of the excitation of the waveguide mode. A detailed phenomenological study is carried out taking into account the influence of the waveguide thickness and the corrugation depth. Possible applications of these waveguides as a narrow-band reflection filter and selective mirror are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032119
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Power characteristics of high magnification semiconductor lasers (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 155-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A formalism is described for calculating the output power of high-magnification curved-mirror semiconductor lasers. This model allows arbitrary single-pass gain and includes thez-dependent saturation by the expanding or contracting mode fields. The results are in agreement with recently published experimental data and the same techniques will apply to other types of high-loss resonators.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032123
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulated emission in thallium iodide vapour pumped with an ArF flashlamp (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Thallium iodide has been photodissociated with the radiation of an ArF flashlamp excited by a longitudinal discharge. Stimulated emission from atomic thallium on the transition at 535 nm is demonstrated. The pulse-form has been analysed and the dependence of the emission on the pump power has been measured. Parameters of the flashlamp and the laser output are compared with a computer stimulation of the laser process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030987
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance of fractional tap-spacing equalizers for long-haul high-capacity digital fibre-optic communication systems (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract It is known that for data transmission above 100 Mbits s−1 multimode fibre systems, working at 1.3 μm wavelength, are more modal-dispersion-limited than loss-limited. Then some form of baseband equalization is highly desirable. Baseband equalizers are usually made in the form of a transverse filter with variable tap gains and tap spacing equal to the symbol spacingT. However, the performance of these equalizers depends critically on the timing phase. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper we analyse the performances of fractional tap-spacing equalizers that have a tap spacing smaller thanT. Results obtained show that this type of equalizer gives satisfactory performance for a broad continuous range of timing phase values. It allows the application of simple clock recovery schemes in the receiver.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030989
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In the third of this series of papers the operator formalism of Part 1 has been applied to TM-polarized fields by means of an appropriate numerical method. We investigate asymmetrical slab-waveguide configurations and compare the results with those for the TE-polarization. As in Part 2 (TE-polarization) single- and double-step discontinuities are investigated. Interesting details, such as the distinctly higher reflectivity of the TM-polarized fields in the abruptly clipped waveguide are emphasized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02030994
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Density-matrix formalism for partially coherent optical fields propagating in slightly inhomogeneous media (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The integral of motion method and the density matrix formalism are used to describe the propagation of partially coherent radiation in slightly inhomogeneous media. Expressions for the parameters of partially coherent gaussian beams in media with general square-law refractive-index distributions are obtained using operator algebra. New equations for the correlation function are formulated and beam invariants are obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029870
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency-division multiplexing of optical-fibre sensors using a frequency-modulated source (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 279-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Three basic configurations, namely, (i) parallel with a common reference, (ii) parallel with separate references and (iii) series, are studied for a multiplexed system of optical-fibre sensors. With a frequency-modulated laser source, each sensor of a different predetermined path imbalance results in a different beat frequency at the detector and signals are multiplexed in the frequency domain. The cross-term problem arising from undesired interference associated with more than one sensor is described. A series configuration has more cross terms than a parallel configuration if there are four sensors or more and, consequently, suffers more signal power reduction if there are seven sensors or more. Several schemes are presented, which ensures the separation of cross terms from desired signals. In a parallel system with a common reference, signals and cross terms are allocated in the lower and in the higher region, respectively, or to every other line in the frequency domain. In a parallel system with separate references, sensors are made incoherent to each other to produce no cross terms. In a series system, more elaborate schemes are necessary. The estimated maximum number of sensors indicates that a parallel configuration should be used if there are 10 sensors or more to be multiplexed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029873
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multiport homodyne detection near the quantum noise limit (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A detailed description of a multiport detection experiment operating close to the quantum noise limit is presented. Simultaneous phase and amplitude measurements were made on signals of only five photons energy with a signal-to-noise ratio that was accountable to within 2 dB of the quantum limit. Statistical examination of the noise showed excellent agreement with the gaussian distribution predicted by both the semiclassical and fully quantum theories.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032562
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    S0-S n two-photon absorption dynamics of rhodamine dyes (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 381-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The intensity-dependent transmission of picosecond ruby laser pulses of different duration through methanolic and ethanolic solutions of rhodamine B and rhodamine 6G is analysed. The transmission is affected by S0-S n two-photon absorption, by stimulated emission at the pump-laser frequency, by amplified spontaneous emission and by excited-state absorption. Various parameters involving the two-photon absorption dynamics are determined by comparing experiments with numerical simulations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032565
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Planar microoptical multiplexer and demultiplexer for multimode optical transmission lines (1986)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 18 (1986), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A matching pair of 10-channel planar grating multiplexer/demultiplexer has been numerically analysed and fabricated. Basic construction elements are a planar slab waveguide with a cylindrical mirror facet, a standard plane blazed reflection grating and an array of input/output fibres. The arrangement has proved to work sufficiently well without special measures to reduce aberration such as inclining the input/output facet. The ray tracing method satisfactorily describes the characteristics of the devices. Measured insertion losses range from 2.2 to 7.8 dB, full 1-dB passband widths are 14 nm for the demultiplexer and 25 nm for the multiplexer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041169
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aluminium cathode effects in zinc electrowinning from industrial acid sulphate electrolyte (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of aluminum cathode grain size and surface conditioning treatments on zinc electrodeposition from purified industrial acid sulphate electrolyte were investigated. The Al cathode grain size had no effect on the long-time (15–60 min) deposit characteristics although deposits obtained using large-grain Al cathodes were often easier to strip. A study of the initial zinc nucleation (5–80s) showed that fine-grain Al cathodes had more zinc nucleation sites than largegrain cathodes. The influence of cathode preconditioning and glue on the initial zinc nucleation were also determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015993
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous electrochemical removal of copper and chemical oxygen demand using a packed-bed electrode cell (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Copper ions and chelating agents in water were treated simultaneously by using a packed-bed electrode cell. The cathode packings were graphite particles or graphite felt; the anode packings were platinum-plated titanium pellets, β-PbO2 particles or oxidized lead spheres. The catholyte contained ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA) or glycine chelate of copper, while the anolyte contained the corresponding chelating agents. The initial concentration of chelating agents was 0.01 M in each experiment. The electrowinning of copper and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved in the cathodic and the anodic chamber, respectively, under galvanostatic conditions. The COD was determined by the standard KMnO4 method. Of the cathodic packings, the graphite felt gave better results than the graphite particles because of the large surface area of the felt. Of the anodic packings, the platinum-plated titanium pellets and the β-PbO2 particles showed equal suitability for COD removal. In the case of the platinum-plated titanium pellets, the current efficiency for COD removal of EDTA, NTA and IDA was 1.4, 0.7 and 0.32, respectively, in the range 0–12 kC. The removal of COD for EDTA, NTA and IDA under the same conditions was 41, 36 and 25%, respectively. In the lower pH range the electro-oxidation of EDTA proceeded more efficiently.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015992
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction kinetics and reaction techniques for mediated oxidation of methylarenes to aromatic ketones (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 134-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The Mn3+-mediated anodic oxidation of toluene and some substituted toluenes (p-chloro-,p-xylene-,p-nitro-) in 60 wt % H2SO4 has been investigated with respect to reaction kinetics and process techniques. The mediators Co3+ in 3.5 N HNO3 and Ce4+ in 60 wt % H2SO4 are compared with Mn3+ in 60 wt % H2SO4 for unsubstituted toluene. The mediated oxidation of the toluenes proceeds in three well-distinguished steps: benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid. The last step, which destroys the desired product, the aldehyde, is crucial. Therefore, for continuous resaturation of the electrolyte with toluene and for extraction of benzaldehyde, the benzaldehyde content in the emulgated organic phase has to be kept below a critical value. For toluene,p-chlorotoluene and xylene Mn3+-mediated oxidation only becomes attractive with process temperatures above 60°C. The conversion ofp-nitrotoluene top-nitrobenzaldehyde can only be carried out by Co3+. The reactivities of the oxidants declines in the order: Co3+〉Mn3+〉Ce4+. Current efficiencies for the recuperation of all oxidants approaches 100%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015994
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calendar (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015996
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrodeposited CdSe0.5Te0.5: Photoelectrochemical solar cells (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract CdSe0.5Te0.5 thin films have been prepared by electrodeposition. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption techniques, Auger electron analysis and electron probe microanalysis. Photoelectrochemical cell performance after electrode annealing and photoetching treatments is reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093348
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemical synthesis using reactant-incorporated graphite powder electrodes: The reduction of p-dinitrobenzene in dilute aqueous acid (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An approach to electro-organic synthesis has been developed using a composite or multiphase electrode where the solid, insoluble reactant is incorporated into a compacted powder electrode system. This has been achieved by intimately mixing the finely dispersed organic solid into a paste with graphite powder and an aqueous electrolyte. The paste was then spread between a graphite felt sandwich. A cell capable of utilizing 500 mg of organic material and achieving current densities of 3 A dm−2 (6 A g−1 of organic material) has been developed, and in such a systemp-dinitrobenzene has been reduced top-nitrophenylhydroxylamine in 1 M H2SO4 (28% yield). Reduction at a potential 100 mV more cathodic than that required for the production ofp-nitrophenylhydroxylamine, followed by reoxidation at +180 mV, gavep-benzoquinone with 34% yield. The electrode performance has been found to depend on its overall thickness, the size of the particles and the graphite content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093353
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of amines as complexing agents in film growth during electropolymerization of ester substituted phenols onto mild steel (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Electrolytic scouring required prior to the electrodeposition of non-polymerizable phenols onto an iron oxide layer at low potentials can be accelerated by the addition of polyamines as iron complexing agents. The scouring ability of NH2(CH2)nNH2 diamines increases asn increases. Monoamines display a general tendency to delay electropolymerization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008850
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The estimation of the coulombic efficiency of zinc electrodeposition by measurement of current efficiencies at a rotating ring disc electrode (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 387-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) offers a simple method for the determination of the current efficiency (CE) of zinc electrodeposition in acidic zinc sulphate electrolytes. The hydrogen evolved during zinc deposition can be detected at the ring. This allows estimation of the current due to hydrogen formation at the disc and hence CE for electrodeposition of zinc can be calculated. Investigations of the conditions under which reliable measurements of CE can be obtained are described. A correlation between CE, determined using the RRDE, and the coulombic efficiency (QE), determined by weighing the zinc deposit obtained after 2 h electrodeposition at constant current, is established for a range of electrolyte compositions. It is suggested that measurement of CE at a Pt−Zn RRDE provides an efficient means of estimating QE for zinc electrolytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008849
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of oxide layers on copper by linear potential sweep voltammetry (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The characteristics of the electrochemical reduction of copper oxide have been studied using linear potential sweep voltammetry. Copper(II) and copper(I) oxides, formed on copper electrodes during triangular potential cycling, reduced at potentials close to the reversible values for the CuO−Cu2O and Cu2O−Cu couples, respectively. The reduction of bulk Cu2O and CuO deposited on carbon paste, glassy carbon and copper electrode surfaces required significant overpotentials. Both oxide species could be distinguished from the potentials of their cathodic reduction peaks. In each system studied, CuO was reduced before Cu2O. We discuss the implications of these findings on the Pops and Hennessy galvanostic method for determining oxides formed on copper in the wire industry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008852
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemical behaviour of some transition metal oxides in molten dimethylsulphone at 150°C (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In view of the possible application in non-aqueous líthium cells operating at relatively high temperatures, molten dimethylsulphone (DMSO2) has been used as the electrolyte solvent in lithium cells at 150°C. The stability of lithium in molten DMSO2 has been found to be good as compared with that observed in organic solvents such as propylene carbonate, thus indicating that the Li+/Li system can be used as a suitable reference electrode in this medium. The electrochemical behaviour of some transition metal oxides has been investigated in LIClO4 solutions in molten DMSO2. The results obtained from voltammetric and chronopotentiometric measurements have shown a satisfactory behaviour for all the cathodic materials tested. Moreover, electrochemical insertion of Li+ ions into the crystal lattice of these oxides is a very fast process. Thus molten DMSO2 appears to be a very interesting organic solvent usable in high energy density non-aqueous lithium cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008848
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of electrochemical and ellipsometric data in relation to the kinetics and mechanism of Cu2O electroformation in alkaline solutions (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of copper anodization were studied in the potential range of Cu2O electroformation in different alkaline solutions by using voltammetric, rotating disc electrode, rotating ring-disc electrode and ellipsometric techniques. Thin layer and massive copper electrodes were employed. Results indicate the formation of soluble Cu(I) species at the early stage of copper anodization. Other soluble Cu(II) species are produced after the Cu2O layer electroformation. Data are discussed on the basis of a reaction mechanism involving different reaction products and the influence of the copper surface on the initial electrochemical reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006847
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved slurry zinc/air systems as batteries for urban vehicle propulsion (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Traditionally having been attractive for side-stepping the difficulties of secondary zinc anodes and bifunctional air-cathodes, slurry zinc/air cells are shown to be capable of higher powers than previously thought. Coupling advances in air-cathode manufacture, separator selection and cell design, these results prompted a characterization of electrolyte discharge capacity and selfdischarge, as well as on-board and central recharge schemes. Projections of overall efficiency and performance are made (along the lines of the 1975 CGE-SAFT 15 kW battery) to full-scale primary and secondary systems comprising 30% the weight of 1000 kg vehicles. The problems to be resolved in development are discussed and are shown not to seriously detract from the potential of this couple as a prime candidate for electric vehicle propulsion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006848
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemistry of the chalcocite-xanthate system (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 544-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The interactions between chalcocite and ethylxanthate have been examined in an electrochemical-microflotation cell containing a particle-bed working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry has shown the formation of a chemisorbed product commencing at −0.5 V versus SCE with a bulk oxidation product, possibly cuprous xanthate, forming above −0.23 V. Relating the charge passed on a potentiostated mineral bed after addition of xanthate to spectrophotometric changes in xanthate concentration suggested the presence of a fast chemical reaction and a charge transfer reaction. The strong correlation between flotation response and potential indicates that chemisorption of ethylxanthate produces a layer sufficiently hydrophobic for chalcocite flotation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006849
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The estimation of the residual capacity of sealed lead-acid cells using the impedance technique (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The problem of estimating the residual usable energy of a lead-acid cell has been intensified by the introduction of fully sealed units. These rely on the recombination of gaseous oxygen produced during overcharge at the positive electrode with the active material at the negative electrode. This introduction has removed the possibility of electrolyte density measurements, third electrode measurements and restricted residual capacity assessments to the two cell terminals. A method for this process is described using a parameter based on a characteristic frequency. The parameter is also a useful measure of cell ageing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006850
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anodic characteristics of amorphorous palladium-base alloys in sodium chloride solutions (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The anodic characteristics of a variety of amorphous palladium-base alloys were examined with a view to their use for the production of sodium hypochlorite by electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solutions at ambient temperature. The corrosion resistance of palladium-metalloid alloys was obtained by alloying with platinum group metals and/or valve metals. Among these alloys, rhodium-containing alloys showed high electrocatalytic activities for chlorine evolution. Surface activation treatment was, however, necessary to obtain sufficiently high activities for chlorine evolution at low overpotentials. Surface-activated amorphous alloys possessed considerably higher current efficiency for chlorine evolution in comparison with currently used anodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006851
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An electrochemical route to trimethylhylhydroquinone (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A new process for the synthesis of trimethylhydroquinone from mesitylene is presented. It consists of two steps, the first being the electrochemical oxidation of mesitylene to 2,4,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one. In the second step this intermediate is chemically rearranged to trimethylhydroquinone. The overall yields were maximally 57% (material) and 40% (current) with 71% conversion. The electrochemical step is described and discussed in detail, while only preliminary results are presented for the chemical rearrangement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006852
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrochemical reactions of H2S in molten sulphide (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 16 (1986), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The reactions involving H2S in molten alkali sulphides are essential to the operation of a novel electrochemical gas-cleaning device. These reactions are studied in free-electrolyte in order to elucidate the mechanism. Partial carbonation of the melt, as would occur in contact with wet, CO2-containing gases, is also explored. The effect is seen to be a significant enhancement of the H2S removal rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01006853
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