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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5,725)
  • General Chemistry  (3,083)
  • SPACE VEHICLES  (1,356)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (831)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY  (800)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (8,910)
  • 1960-1964  (3,438)
  • 1973  (4,590)
  • 1970  (4,320)
  • 1964  (3,438)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (8,910)
  • 1960-1964  (3,438)
Year
  • 1
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    Impact (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Impact, emergency escape and crash survival protection are studied. Accleration, the G system of units, data interpretation, and human tolerance limits are summarized, along with physiological and biochemical response to impact. Biomechanical factors of impact are also cited.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 221-295
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  • 2
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    Work, heat, and oxygen cost (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Human energy is discussed in terms of the whole man. The physical work a man does, the heat he produces, and the quantity of oxygen he takes from the air to combine with food, the fuel source of his energy, are described. The daily energy exchange, work and heat dissipation, oxygen costs of specific activities, anaerobic work, and working in space suits are summarized.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 847-879
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  • 3
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    Human control capabilities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The capabilities and limitations of man as an element in a closed loop control system under normal environmental conditions are described. Controller characteristics are enumerated, using manual control, quasilinear models, pilot opinion and ratings, compensatory tracking, optimum control models, motion cues, multiple input tracking, multiple loop tracking, transmission delays, and adaptive manual control. Various controls, manipulators, and displays are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 751-806
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  • 4
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    Noise and blast (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Noise and blast environments are described, providing a definition of units and techniques of noise measurement and giving representative booster-launch and spacecraft noise data. The effects of noise on hearing sensitivity and performance are reviewed, and community response to noise exposure is discussed. Physiological, or nonauditory, effects of noise exposure are also treated, as are design criteria and methods for minimizing the noise effects of hearing sensitivity and communications. The low level sound detection and speech reception are included, along with subjective and behavioral responses to noise.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 693-750
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  • 5
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    Rotary acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rotary acceleration is found to be a manifestation of angular acceleration, and is always present during steady state spinning or tumbling, even when the angular velocity is constant. Subjective reactions and tolerances, performance, physiological effects, and pathological effects are reviewed for rotary acceleration. Thresholds for stimulation perception by angular acceleration in man are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 191-219
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  • 6
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    Atmosphere (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Properties of elements and compounds are considered which make up or may be added to a gaseous environment suitable for humans. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are emphasized; nitrogen and the noble gases are also cited. Other gaseous compounds, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and sulfur hexafluoride, are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 35-63
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  • 7
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    Sustained linear acceleration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The subjective effects of sustained acceleration are discussed, including positive, negative, forward, backward, and lateral acceleration effects. Physiological effects, such as retinal and visual response, unconsciousness and cerebral function, pulmonary response, and renal output, are studied. Human tolerance and performance under sustained acceleration are ascertained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 149-190
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  • 8
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    Combined environmental stresses (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Tolerance levels, physiological effects, and performance degradation during simultaneous or sequential exposures to two environmental stresses, and also three or more simultaneous stresses are described. Environmental stress combinations are characterized by four descriptors: order of occurrence, duration of exposure, severity of exposure, and type of interaction. Combined stress data and facilities for combined stress study are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 881-914
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  • 9
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    Temperature (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The problems in human comfort in heat stress are emphasized, with less emphasis placed upon cold exposure problems. Physiological parameters related to human thermal interactions are discussed, as well as data concerning thermal protective clothing. The energy balance equation, heat transfer equation, thermal comfort, heat stress, and cold stress are also considered. A two node model of human temperature regulation in FORTRAN is appended.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 65-148
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  • 10
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    Ionizing radiation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The penetrating ionizing space radiations are found to be extremely diverse in the energy range of both their particulate and their electromagnetic components. Radiation terms and measures and ionizing radiation classes and sources are presented. Whole body radiation effects are examined, including radiation intensity and rate effectiveness factors. Radiation effects on specific body systems, such as blood, skin, visual, and reproductive systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 417-454
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  • 11
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    Barometric pressure (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The effects of alterations in barometric pressure on human beings are described. Human tolerances for gaseous environments and low and high barometric pressure are discussed, including effects on specific areas, such as the ear, lungs, teeth, and sinuses. Problems due to trapped gas within the body, high dynamic pressures on the body, and blasts are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 1-34
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  • 12
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    Vibration (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Man's reactions to vibration are emphasized rather than his reactions to the vibrational characteristics of vehicles. Vibrational effects studies include: performance effects reflected in tracking proficiency, reaction time, visual impairment, and other measures related to man's ability to control a system; physiological reactions; biodynamic responses; subjective reactions; and human tolerance limits. Technological refinements in shaker systems and improved experimental designs are used to validate the data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 297-348
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  • 13
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    Locomotion in a rotating environment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A rotating space station simulator is being used to obtain data on man's performance in a rotating environment. At present the facility is being used to assess the effects of rotation on man's walking capabilities on circular and flat walls at g-levels from 0.05 to 0.75g. Some of the preliminary results are reviewed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 67-72
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  • 14
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    Effects of visual reference on adaptation to motion sickness and subjective responses evoked by graded cross-coupled angular accelerations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Three groups of 10 subjects each were exposed to stepwise increments of cross coupled angular accelerations in three visual modes: internal visual reference (IVR), external visual reference (EVR), and vision absent (VA). The subjects in the IVR condition required significantly greater amounts of stimulus exposure to neutralize their illusory subjective reactions. They also suffered a greater loss of well-being and a more marked incidence of motion sickness than did subjects in the EVR and VA conditions. The same 30 subjects were reexposed to the same graded cross coupled stimulation 1 week later. This time, however, all the subjects were tested under only the IVR condition. All three groups showed some positive transfer of adaptation, but only the IVR-IVR combination required significantly fewer head motions to achieve the same level of adaptation on the second occasion. Taken overall, however, the most efficient and least disturbing route to adaptation at the completion of the second test was via the VA-IVR combination.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 87-97
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  • 15
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    Some physiological aspects of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of increasing artificial gravity exposure on four aspects of physiological fitness are examined in four young men who, prior to exposure, were deconditioned with bed rest and water immersion. The four aspects of physiological fitness are orthostatic tolerance, exercise tolerance, forearm endurance, and maximum strength. Orthostatic tolerance was sharply reduced by deconditioning and was substantially improved by walking in simulated lunar gravity (1/6 g) for 2.5 hours daily for 7 days or by walking in 1/2 g and 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days. Exercise tolerance was also sharply reduced by deconditioning but did not significantly improve with increasing g-exposure. Walking in 1 g for 1 hour daily for 3 days raised exercise tolerance only a little above the low produced by deconditioning. Forearm endurance and maximum strength were relatively unaffected by deconditioning and subsequent g-exposure.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 73-83
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  • 16
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    Design of experimental studies of human performance under influences of simulated artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A ground based research program is now being undertaken to provide data concerning the effects of a rotating environment on man's ability to adequately perform gross and fine psychomotor tasks. Emphasis is being placed on establishing the levels of artificial gravity and rates and radii of rotation required in future space systems for preservation of crew performance and comfort. An experimental study utilizing a rotational facility to investigate crew mobility, cargo transfer and handling, and fine motor coordination at radii up to 24 meters and at rotational rates up to 5 rpm is reported.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 55-65
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  • 17
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    An overview of artificial gravity (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The unique characteristics of artificial gravity that affect human performance and physiology in an artificial gravity environment are reviewed. The rate at which these unique characteristics change decreases very rapidly with increasing radius of a rotating vehicle used to produce artificial gravity. Reducing their influence on human performance or physiology by increasing radius becomes a situation of very rapidly diminishing returns. A review of several elements of human performance has developed criteria relative to the sundry characteristics of artificial gravity. A compilation of these criteria indicates that the maximum acceptable rate of rotation, leg heaviness while walking, and material handling are the factors that define the minimum acceptable radius. The ratio of Coriolis force to artificial weight may also be significant. Based on current knowledge and assumptions for the various criteria, a minimum radius between 15.2 and 16.8 m seems desirable.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 23-33
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  • 18
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    Crew report (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A 56-day chamber simulation of Skylab was successfully completed. The atmosphere (5 psi, 70 percent oxygen, 30 percent nitrogen, 5 mm carbon dioxide) and medical features including a 21-day pre- and 18-day post-test medical protocols were closely simulated. No apparent crew health problems were induced by the atmosphere, semiclosed environment, or other test features; and no appreciable crew degradation appeared over this period. The chamber and associated systems performed without major problems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 46 p
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  • 19
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    Crew background, training, and activities (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The brief history of the Skylab altitude test crewmen is followed by an outline of their training in conducting medical experiments, emergency medical procedures, communications, and housekeeping practices during prolonged exposure to the Skylab simulation environment.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 20
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    Biomedical support systems (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biomedical support hardware for SMEAT consisted basically of two systems, the inflight medical support system, and the operational bioinstrumentation system. The former is essentially a diagnostic and therapeutic kit; the latter is a belt equipped with sensors worn by the crewman to permit monitoring of his vital signs. Special attention was given during to the use and verification of the items in the systems so that changes required in the equipment could be pinpointed and effected prior to the Skylab mission. During the in-chamber testing, evaluations were made of the effectiveness of the proposed microbiology procedures, techniques, equipment, and the stability of media and reagents over the extended period of storage.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 8 p
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  • 21
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    Habitability/crew quarters, experiment M487 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Skylab experiment M487, habitability crew quarters, is designed to provide an operational evaluation of the Skylab habitat by gathering data regarding the manner in which crewmen carry out their daily living and working routines during the missions. The success of the Skylab habitability experiment depends, in large measure, on the adequacy of the data collection instruments and the manner in which they are used.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 11 p
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  • 22
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    Specimen mass measurement (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Skylab specimen mass measurement device was operated throughout the altitude test in close simulation of the 56-day Skylab mission. It performed operational specimen measurements well until it was passed out of the chamber for replacement of the specimen hold-down and was autoclaved prior to return. Fecal measurements were typically made with less than one percent error.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 16 p
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  • 23
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    Time and motion, experiment M151 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Astronaut work performance during the preparation and execution of experiments in simulated Skylab tests was analyzed according to time and motion in order to evaluate the efficiency and consistency of performance (adaptation function) for several different types of activity over the course of the mission; to evaluate the procedures to be used by the same experiment in Skylab; to generate characteristic adaptation functions for later comparison with Skylab data; and to examine astronaut performance for any behavioral stress due to the environment. The overall results indicate that the anticipated adaptation function was obtained both for individual and for averaged data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 7 p
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  • 24
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    The use of a digital computer for investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a man while pressing vertically downward with the straight arm on the handle of a vibrator (instrument) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-28
    Description: The dynamic characteristics of a man were investigated by the resonance method, by means of recordings of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a vibrator straight arm human body system on a standard automatic recorder. Experiments were carried out with a specially constructed vibrator, the moving system of which was fastened to a bronze suspension with small losses. Vibrations of the handle, fastened to the moving system, were recorded with an accelerometer. The mass of the moving system m, rigidity of the suspension k and friction coefficient r of the vibrator (calibration) were determined by exact formulas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Cybernetic Diagnostics of Mech. Systems with Vibro-acoustic Phenomena (NASA-TT-F-14899); p 83-86
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  • 25
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    Attitude control of a spinning flexible spacecraft (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The dynamics of rotational motion of a spinning orbiting spacecraft consisting of two rigid bodies connected by a flexible joint and arbitrary number of flexible appendages (two of which are flexible massless booms having masses on their tips) is analyzed. Active attitude control is provided by momentum exchange devices (e.g. control moment gyroscopes) or a mass expulsion system. The linearized equations of motion describing the vehicle are presented, and a large scale digital simulation that has been developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center is presented. A simplified model of the geometrically complex vehicle is selected to make it analytically tractable. The simplified model consists of a single rigid core body with two attached flexible massless booms having tip masses. The states of the vehicle are defined as small perturbations about its steady-state spin. An analysis is performed to determine the domain of stability.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Computer and Electrical Engineering; 1; Dec. 197
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  • 26
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    Computer model of cardiovascular control system responses to exercise (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Approaches of systems analysis and mathematical modeling together with computer simulation techniques are applied to the cardiovascular system in order to simulate dynamic responses of the system to a range of exercise work loads. A block diagram of the circulatory model is presented, taking into account arterial segments, venous segments, arterio-venous circulation branches, and the heart. A cardiovascular control system model is also discussed together with model test results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 27
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    Implantable telemetry systems for use in animal monitoring (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 28
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    Advance techniques for monitoring human tolerance to positive Gz accelerations (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tolerance to positive g accelerations was measured in ten normal male subjects using both standard and advanced techniques. In addition to routine electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiratory rate, and infrared television, monitoring techniques during acceleration exposure included measurement of peripheral vision loss, noninvasive temporal, brachial, and/or radial arterial blood flow, and automatic measurement of indirect systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 60-sec intervals. Although brachial and radial arterial flow measurements reflected significant cardiovascular changes during and after acceleration, they were inconsistent indices of the onset of grayout or blackout. Temporal arterial blood flow, however, showed a high correlation with subjective peripheral light loss.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 29
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    Frequency-dependence of dynamic lung compliance during acute exposures to an altitude of 3,962 meters (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 30
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    Landing performance by low-time private pilots after the sudden loss of binocular vision - Cyclops II (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Study of low-time general aviation pilots, who, in a series of spot landings, were suddenly deprived of binocular vision by patching either eye on the downwind leg of a standard, closed traffic pattern. Data collected during these landings were compared with control data from landings flown with normal vision during the same flight. The sequence of patching and the mix of control and monocular landings were randomized to minimize the effect of learning. No decrease in performance was observed during landings with vision restricted to one eye, in fact, performance improved. This observation is reported at a high level of confidence (p less than 0.001). These findings confirm the previous work of Lewis and Krier and have important implications with regard to aeromedical certification standards.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 31
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    Caloric balance during simulated and actual space flight (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The in-flight caloric intakes of all Apollo astronauts are examined and shown to average about 25 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of weight changes following recovery indicates that about 0.15 kg of fat was lost per man per day in-flight for an average deficit of about 19 kcal per kg per day. Measurement of the caloric intake of astronauts under ground-based conditions and during hypobaric exposure indicated a caloric requirement which was not significantly different from the in-flight requirement adjusted for weight loss. Partial metabolic balance data and measurements of bone loss and body volume revealed that protein and mineral losses also occurred to an extent which would reduce the size of estimated in-flight caloric deficits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Nov. 197
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  • 32
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    Illusory sensations in aircraft flight and weightlessness (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Clearly misleading illusions only appear when the vestibular input is of a nonconflicting nature. A number of experiments with blind goldfish were conducted since the vestibular system of the goldfish is homologous in many respects to that of man. Inertial stimuli were given by linear acceleration of the entire aquarium with the fish in it. A high-speed movie camera and three-axis accelerometers were used to record the fish responses. It was found that fish, if subjected to horizontal linear acceleration, behave as if the moving force acting on the otoliths were a gravitational force component and not an inertial reacting force.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 33
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    Performance of cellulose acetate butyrate membranes in hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) membranes are shown to give high salt and urea rejection with water flux of about 3 gallons/sq ft per day at 600 psig. Membranes prepared from a formulation containing glyoxal show a significant increase in flux and decrease in salt and urea rejection with drying time. Zero drying time gives maximum urea and salt rejection and is therefore most suitable for hyperfiltration of sodium chloride and urea feed solution.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Polymer Science; 17; 1973
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  • 34
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    Nutrition systems for pressure suits. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Nutrition systems were successfully developed in the Apollo Program for astronauts wearing pressure suits during emergency decompression situations and during lunar surface explorations. These nutrition systems consisted of unique dispensers, water, flavored beverages, nutrient-fortified beverages, and intermediate moisture food bars. The emergency decompression system dispensed the nutrition from outside the pressure suit by interfacing with a suit helmet penetration port. The lunar exploration system utilized dispensers stowed within the interior layers of the pressure suit. These systems could be adapted for provision of nutrients in other situations requiring the use of pressure suits.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; Aug. 197
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  • 35
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    SSS-A spacecraft and experiment description. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The scientific objectives of the Explorer-45 mission are discussed. The primary objective is the study of the ring current responsible for the main phase of magnetic storms. Closely associated with this objective is the determination of the relationship between magnetic storms, substorms, and the acceleration of charged particles in the magnetosphere. Further objectives are the measurement of a wide range of proton, electron and alpha-particle energies, and studies of wave-particle interactions responsible for particle transport and loss in the inner magnetosphere. The orbital parameters, the spacecraft itself, and some of its unique features, such as the data handling system, which is programmable from the ground, are described.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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    Comparative study of patches for liquid cooled garments. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Tests were performed on 12 cooling patches of various designs to establish criteria for the evaluation of their performance in liquid-cooled suits in industrial, military and aerospace applications. The thermal effectiveness value was 0.088 for patch designs with a double spiral flow pattern, and 0.075 for patch designs with a parallel flow pattern. The ratio of thermal energy transfer rate to cooling-medium pumping power requirement is indicated as the prime performance characteristic to be considered in the selection and rating of cooling patches.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Aug. 197
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    Mach number and Reynolds number effect on orbiter/tank interference heating. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Analysis of the variations in orbiter/tank interference heating rates in the Space Shuttle configuration at M numbers up to 19 and Re numbers down to 250,000. Experimental data on heat transfer rate distribution in the tank and on orbiter-induced interference heat transfer factors in the tank are included in diagrams. The data suggest that the primary effect of interference can be a fully developed turbulent boundary layer.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 10; Aug. 197
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    Microwave radiation hazards around large microwave antenna. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The microwave radiation hazards associated with the use of large antennas become increasingly more dangerous to personnel as the transmitters go to ever higher powers. The near-field area is of the greatest concern. It has spill over from subreflector and reflections from nearby objects. Centimeter waves meeting in phase will reinforce each other and create hot spots of microwave energy. This has been measured in front of and around several 26-meter antennas. Hot spots have been found and are going to be the determining factor in delineating safe areas for personnel to work. Better techniques and instruments to measure these fields are needed for the evaluation of hazard areas.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal; 34; Mar. 197
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    Fuel-optimal angular momentum vector control for spinning and dual-spin spacecraft. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of fuel-optimal small-angle reorientation of the spin axis of a spinning or dual-spin spacecraft is examined. The results obtained show significant improvements over previously published optimization studies by virtue of the introduction of two innovations: (1) mass-explusion active control is utilized for angular momentum vector pointing only, with passive damping relied upon for stable vehicles to attenuate vehicle coning about the angular momentum vector, so that the task of the active controller changes from spin axis control to angular momentum vector control, and (2) several options are considered for type, number, and location of attitude control jets. The first of these considerations introduces a target set which is a smooth, two-dimensional linear manifold in the four-dimensional state space, whereas previous studies have adopted the origin as the target set. The second innovation amounts to consideration of a spectrum of control restraint sets.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautica Acta; 18; June 197
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    Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nature; 243; June 1
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  • 41
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    Lower payload costs through refurbishment and module replacement. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Payload benefits to be derived from refurbishment can be related to individual spacecraft programs directly and for planning purposes to the entire shuttle mission model. In the case of the large space telescope program, cost savings obtained through the use of the shuttle for maintenance operations have been estimated to be in the range from 30 to 40%. This saving is realized over an operational lifetime of 15 years by reducing, through refurbishment on orbit, the number of flight units along with 'optimized' reliability goals commensurate with periodic maintenance revisits at one-year intervals. Shuttle-era payload implications are discussed together with a pressurized on-orbit maintenance configuration, an earth observation satellite, and some typical teleoperator-serviced spacecraft.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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  • 42
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    The cylindrical electrostatic probes for Atmosphere Explorer -C, -D, and -E. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper briefly describes the cylindrical electrostatic probes to be used on the new Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E, and outlines the methods to be employed to analyze the experimental data in terms of electron temperature and ion and electron concentration. Two independent cylindrical sensors and partially redundant electronic systems permit greater reliability in measurements. Measurements are made at 1-sec and 2-sec intervals along the orbit. The sensors themselves have been modified from previous applications to cope with the lower electron temperature expected in these low-altitude orbits and to counter possible surface contamination caused by the hydrazine engines used for orbit adjustments.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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  • 43
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    A neutral-atmosphere composition experiment for the Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The neutral-atmosphere composition experiment instrumentation is designed to obtain in-situ measurements of neutral thermosphere composition from Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E. The system is based on previously flown OGO-6 and San Marco-3 composition instruments. The mass-spectrometer sensor includes a gold-plated thermalizing chamber and ion source, a hyperbolic rod quadrupole analyzer, and an off-axis electron multiplier. Automatic ion-source sensitivity control and pulse-counting techniques provide density measurement capability from approximately 125 to 1000 km altitude. The normal operating mode includes measurement at all masses in the range of 1 to 44 amu, with emphasis on hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    Analysis of operator participation (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The problem of providing a psychological conception of the analysis of operator participation in a form that will allow the qualitative approach to be combined with the quantitative approach is examined. This conception is based on an understanding of the essence of human endeavor in automated control systems that now determine the development of society's productive forces and that are the main object of ergonomic research. Two main types of operator participation were examined; information retrieval with immediate service and information retrieval with delayed service.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 27-46
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    Evaluating the efficiency of man-machine systems (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Efficiency and the degree of adaptability of a system to cope with problems presented to it, are evaluated. Also evaluated are serial production, possible modernization approaches, and operational procedures. The link between system efficiency and cost criteria are included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 221-230
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    Research principles and the construction of mnemonic diagrams (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mnemonic diagrams are defined as a variety of information display devices, the essential element of which is conventional graphical presentation of technological or functional-operational links in a controlled system or object. Graphically displaying the operational structure of an object, the interd dependence between different parameters, and the interdependence between indicators and control organs, the mneomonic diagram reduces the load on the operator's memory and facilitates perception and reprocessing of information and decision making, while at the same time playing the role of visual support to the information activity of the operator. The types of mnemonic diagrams are listed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 83-126
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    The application of aerospace technology to patient monitoring. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering; BME-20; May 1973
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    Space science plans for the shuttle era. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Three separate and distinct modes of using the space shuttle system have been identified. These modes include the boost of a spacecraft plus one or more propulsion stages into earth orbit or parking orbit, the establishment and maintenance of automated observatories in space, and the support of exploratory research and instrument development. Studies show that approximately 60% of all planned NASA missions require a shuttle third stage. Illustrations are presented to show how the largest spacecraft, Viking, and its propulsion system, Centaur, and a communications satellite, with an Agena stage to place it into a geostationary orbit, would fit into the shuttle. Results of the NASA Shuttle Sortie Workshop studies are discussed together with prospects of European cooperation in future workshop experiments.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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    Airborne-science techniques aid Shuttle planning. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the sortie mode the Shuttle bay becomes a laboratory for a wide variety of space experiments and observations. Scientists and engineers can man this laboratory for investigations conducted in a space environment. A special program, called ASSESS (Airborne Science/Shuttle Experiment System Simulation) has been instituted to conduct exhaustive studies of the airborne-science concept as it may apply to Shuttle planning. The ASSESS program is described in detail together with the airborne-science operation pertinent to the Shuttle. Similarities of airborne science aircraft to the Shuttle are considered along with the results of a simulation mission, flown in October 1972.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; May 1973
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    An extreme UV photometer for solar observations from Atmosphere Explorer. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A broadband photometer experiment is being prepared for the Atmosphere Explorer-C, -D, and -E missions to record the solar irradiance in seven wavelength bands in the range from 40 to 1250 A. The experiment contains four spiral electron multipliers located behind a moving eight-position filter wheel. Six of the eight sections of this wheel contain metallic filters used to spectrally isolate the solar irradiance. In addition, three Al2O3 diodes, two with filters, are being used to record the solar irradiance over the full range of orbital altitudes including those at which operation of multipliers with high voltages on open structures would be unsafe. A principal goal of the experiment will be to measure time dependence of the solar irradiance.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    The Bennett ion-mass spectrometer on Atmosphere Explorer-C and -E. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Bennett spectrometer to be flown on Atmosphere Explorer-C and -E (AE-C and AE-E) is designed to measure, throughout the 120 to 4000-km orbit, the concentrations of all thermal positive ions in the mass range 1 to 72 amu and number density range 5 to 5,000,000 ions per cu cm. To reduce the buildup of ram pressure and facilitate measurements at low altitude, the analyzer is vented, and a multigrid ion-current collector is employed. An extensive command capability permits optimization of instrument parameters for particular measurement objectives; commandable functions include mass-scan range and period, the sensitivity-resolution characteristic of the analyzer, orifice potential, and in-flight calibration.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    Advances in modeling aerodynamic decelerator dynamics. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Viking entry vehicle uses a lines-first type of deployment in which the parachute, packed in a deployment bag, gets ejected rearward from the vehicle by a mortar. As the bag moves rearward, first the lines are unfurled and then the canopy. An analysis of the unfurling process is conducted, giving attention to longitudinal and rotational dynamics. It is shown that analytical modeling of aerodynamic systems provides significant information for a better understanding of the physics of the deployment process.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 11; Apr. 197
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    A Geopause satellite system concept. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Geopause satellite system concept offers promising approaches in connection with four different problem areas. A typical Geopause satellite orbit has a 14-hour period, a mean height of about 4.6 earth radii, and is nearly circular, polar, and normal to the ecliptic. At this height only a relatively few gravity terms have uncertainties corresponding to orbital perturbations above the decimeter level. The Geopause satellite system also provides the tracking geometery and coverage needed for determining the orbit, the tracking system biases, and the station locations. Studies indicate that the Geopause satellite, tracked with a 2-cm ranging system from nine NASA affiliated sites, can yield decimeter station location accuracies. Five or more fundamental stations well distributed in longitude can view Geopause over the North Pole. This means not only that redundant data are available for determining tracking system biases, but also that both components of the polar motion can be observed frequently. When tracking Geopause, the NASA sites become a two-hemisphere configuration which is ideal for a number of earth physics applications such as the observation of the polar motion with a time resolution of a fraction of a day.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 14; Feb. 197
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    Joint US/Soviet docking mission. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The purpose and objectives of the joint Apollo/Soyuz experimental test flight, the technical requirements and anticipated solutions necessary to meet the objectives, the mission plan, the flight vehicles, the schedule, and the expected results of successfully completing such a project are discussed. The androgynous feature of the docking system is provided by a symmetrical distribution of all elements which are directly connected during docking, relative to the axis of reverse symmetry. Both the American and Russian systems are designed to serve as either the active or passive system for docking and undocking.
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    Emotional state and efficiency (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was made of the effect of emotional states-negative and positive- on work performance. Data cover intensity of emotional arousal, personality characteristics of person involved, typological features of person's nervous system, emotional stability of person, and past experience of person. Particular attention was given to emotional stress effects on efficiency, given modern working conditions.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 152-164
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    Designing control system information models (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Problems encountered in modeling information models are discussed, Data cover condition, functioning of the object of control, and the environment involved in the control. Other parameters needed for the model include: (1) information for forming an image of the real situation, (2) data for analyzing and evaluating an evolving situation, (3) planning actions, and (4) data for observing and evaluating the results of model realization.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 47-82
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    Proton dosimeter design for distributed body organs. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of a real-time rem-rad dosimeter with sufficient generality for inclusion of dose distribution factors for space applications is discussed. This generalized dosimetric system is only slightly more complex than dosimeters in current use.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Nuclear Technology; 20; Oct. 197
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    Use of the single-breath method of estimating cardiac output during exercise-stress testing. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The single-breath cardiac output measurement technique of Kim et al. (1966) has been modified for use in obtaining cardiac output measurements during exercise-stress tests on Apollo astronauts. The modifications involve the use of a respiratory mass spectrometer for data acquisition and a digital computer program for data analysis. The variation of the modified method for triplicate steady-state cardiac output measurements was plus or minus 1 liter/min. The combined physiological and methodological variation seen during a set of three exercise tests on a series of subjects was 1 to 2.5 liter/min. Comparison of the modified method with the direct Fick technique showed that although the single-breath values were consistently low, the scatter of data was small and the correlation between the two methods was high. Possible reasons for the low single-breath cardiac output values are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; July 197
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    Effects of oxygen-augmented atmosphere on the immune response. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Antibovine serum albumin antibody and nonspecific protein production was evaluated in female rabbits (11-14.5 kg) housed in special cages ventilated with 20% or 40% oxygen at normal barometric pressure. Animals exposed to 40% oxygen do not show normal steady increase of serum antibody. Instead, their titers show a pattern of undershoot, overshoot, undershoot, and finally equilibration at a subnormal level; they have a depressed popliteal node polysome level and have an abnormally low proportion of membrane-bound polysomes. They also show reduced capability of popliteal nodes to synthesize protein (as expected from the reduced number of polysomes). However, the ratio of newly-synthesized specific antibody: nonspecific protein remains normal.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 44; June 197
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    Status report on shuttle program. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Following a brief summary of previous work, major attention is given to Phase-B extension, the Request for Proposal (RFP), the selected configuration and associated activities, and the future. NASA extended Phase-B contracts to examine other options that might lower peak annual funding and decrease program risk. Most of the discussion deals with the shuttle and orbiter systems. The efforts of the shuttle program in the past year have seen the completion of numerous trade studies and the selection of a prime shuttle contractor.
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    Status report on Skylab project. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The major objectives of the Skylab project are to examine the medical aspects of what happens to man in long duration space flight, to make long-duration studies of the active and the quiet sun, and to gather data in the study of the ocean and the land masses of the earth. Corollary experiments use either the fact that they are to be performed in a complete vacuum, or the fact that the stars and the ultraviolet can be much more extensively studied. Some experiments in metal processing will make use of the zero force field.
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    Results of Apollo 16. (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of the Apollo 16 mission are summarized, and the present level of hardware and procedures maturity is illustrated. The primary objective was to obtain a sample of the lunar highlands. It appears that the moon and its history are too complex to be explained by any of the models currently available. Contingency plans fell into three categories: (1) emergency recovery from a hazardous situation, (2) alternate plans to maximize the mission return following a hardware malfunction, and (3) alternate procedures to work around specific problems. Operational experience indicates that it is better to execute a plan with some known disadvantages than to replace it with one which has some apparent advantages but is not thoroughly understood.
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    Ergonomics research methods (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Various factors used in ergonomic research are given. They are: (1) anthrometric measurement, (2) polyeffector method of assessing the functional state of man, (3) galvanic skin reaction, (4) pneumography, (5) electromyography, (6) electrooculography, and (7) tachestoscopy. A brief summary is given of each factor and includes instrumentation and results.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 165-220
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    Functional states of the operator (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of the changes that occur in the functional state of the operator as he does his job. The functional state of the operator is understood to mean the available characteristics of his functions and qualities which, directly or indirectly, determine how he receives, processes, and reads out information. These characteristics change, depending on many conditions found on the job, and can be higher or lower, than those values which exist in the so-called operator rest state, when the person is doing nothing, but is ready to act. A number of environmental factors, directly or indirectly related to the job, act on the operator controlling a system. Analysis of the causes of changes in the functional state suggests they can be broken down into two main groups: those associated with the physical characteristics of the influencing factors, and those attributable to the informational structure of the signals. There are as well many internal causes, primarily changes in the basic properties of those functions on which operator performance depends for the most part, that affect the functional state.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 119-151
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    Ergonomic prerequisites for artistic designing (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis was made of current problems of ergonomics and engineering psychology as well as certain aspects of the interaction between artists-designers and ergonomists in the planning process.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Ergonomics: Principles and Recommendations, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-716); p 126
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    Vector cardiogram hardware report, experiment M093 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Skylab vectorcardiogram system was thoroughly tested during the 56-day SMEAT program. Except for a few problems which were readily resolved, the equipment functioned very well.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 3 p
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    Indirect Blood Pressure Measuring Device (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: Design and performance of a blood pressure recording device for pediatric use are reported. A strain gage transducer with a copper-beryllium strip as force sensing element is used to monitor skin movements and to convert them into electrical signals proportional to those displacements. Experimental tests with this device in recording of force developed above the left femoral artery of a dog accurately produced a blood pressure curve.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 173-186
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    Design Modification of Electrophoretic Equipment (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: The improved design of a zone electrophoretic sampler is reported that can be used in mass screening for hemoglobin S, the cause of sickle cell anemia. Considered is a high voltage multicell cellulose acetate device that requires 5 to 6 minutes electrophoresis periods; cells may be activitated individually or simultaneously. A multisample hemoglobin applicator standardizes the amount of sample applied and transfers the homolysate to the electrical wires.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 9-39
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    The Mesa Arizona Pupil Tracking System (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: A computer-based Pupil Tracking/Teacher Monitoring System was designed for Mesa Public Schools, Mesa, Arizona. The established objectives of the system were to: (1) facilitate the economical collection and storage of student performance data necessary to objectively evaluate the relative effectiveness of teachers, instructional methods, materials, and applied concepts; and (2) identify, on a daily basis, those students requiring special attention in specific subject areas. The system encompasses computer hardware/software and integrated curricula progression/administration devices. It provides daily evaluation and monitoring of performance as students progress at class or individualized rates. In the process, it notifies the student and collects information necessary to validate or invalidate subject presentation devices, methods, materials, and measurement devices in terms of direct benefit to the students. The system utilizes a small-scale computer (e.g., IBM 1130) to assure low-cost replicability, and may be used for many subjects of instruction.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev.; Vol. 2; No. 4; p 87-92
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    Low-energy electron experiment for Atmosphere Explorer-C and -D. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The low-energy electron experiment will provide differential measurements of the energy influx and angular distributions of electrons and protons on the Atmosphere Explorer-C and -D missions. The detectors consist of cylindrical electrostatic analyzers for species and energy selection and Spiraltron electron multipliers as particle sensors. The C version will contain three detectors, two measuring electrons and protons from 0.2 to 25 keV in 16 logarithmically spaced steps and one measuring 5 keV electrons continuously. Angular distributions will be acquired utilizing the spin of the spacecraft. The D version will contain 19 detectors, one proton-stepped energy analyzer, and two electron-stepped energy analyzers at two different angles, again over the energy range 0.2 to 25 keV.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    The Atmosphere Explorer spacecraft system. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Brief description of the design goals, spacecraft, data system, and data analysis concept for the Atmosphere Explorer (AE) mission. The AE mission is shown to have been conceived and to be implemented for making possible a variety of studies of the lower thermosphere. The spacecraft support system, including an onboard propulsion system, will enable investigations to be carried out deep in the thermosphere and at all points of aeronomic significance about the earth.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    The neutral-atmosphere temperature instrument. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The determination of the temperature of the neutral gas at the location of the satellite is based on measurement of the velocity distribution of the molecular nitrogen. Measurement of the thermal-velocity component in the presence of the free-stream velocity will be obtained through application of the velocity-scan technique and, independently, through use of a baffle technique. A 3-cm diameter spherical sampling chamber with a 0.5-cm diameter precisely knife-edged orifice is located at the satellite equator to permit free diffusion of atmosphere gases between the chamber interior and the atmosphere. The spherical chamber is connected through a high-conductance tube to a quadrupole mass-spectrometer sensor to permit accurate quantitative evaluation of the density of the gas.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Radio Science; 8; Apr. 197
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    Human eye movements during various forms of linear acceleration and weightlessness (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: Eye movements of human subjects were recorded electronystagmographically in complete darkness during rectilinear horizontal accelerations as achieved in cars on the ground and also during aircraft parabolic flight. The results were compared to the movements of blinded goldfish subjected to similar changes of gravitoinertial forces. The results indicate that there is a human correlation with the gravity reference response of fish. During horizontal forward accelerations on the ground the human eyes turn downward and during horizontal backward acceleration the eyes turn upward. The human eye response to g-loads below 1 g and to weightlessness is the reverse of the tilt of the fish. While fish dive down during low g, or loop forward during weightlessness, the eyes of subjects sitting upright in an aircraft which flies at 0 g move upward.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AGARD The Use of Nystagmography in Aviation Med.; 3 p
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    Systems performance monitoring for advanced manned spacecraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-23
    Description: Optimum system mechanizations for advanced manned spacecraft are considered. Several studies have proposed automation of the onboard system management task, with functions such as system status monitoring, configuration management, and redundancy management being accomplished under computer control. An experimental system was used in the laboratory to investigate hardware and software requirements for accomplishing these onboard system management functions. A performance monitor system is proposed for the space shuttle. This system provides support to the flight crew in the management of all onboard systems but does not perform critical switching functions during the flight phase.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: AGARD Automation in Manned Aerospace Systems; 16 p
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    Spectroscopy of Project Fire 1, April 14, 1964 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Fire 1 test was designed to study the heating of an Apollo-type reentry vehicle. The total reentry complex weighed approximately 230 kg and entered the upper atmosphere at a velocity of 11.5 km/s. The spectrum of the reentry complex has been studied in the wavelength range 3700 to 8800 A, where 102 multiplets of 21 atoms and the band systems of 5 diatomic molecules have been identified. Comparisons with meteor spectra are made.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA, Washington Evolutionary and Phys. Properties of Meteoroids; p 161-167
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    Optical module for the integrated real-time contamination monitor (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The concept of a real time contamination monitor is studied and the evolution of the optical module component from laboratory model through the engineering evaluation model is reported. Mechanisms employed and problems experienced are described. Current efforts are directed toward a major simplification of design in a unit intended for flight.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 271-281
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    Spacecraft separation systems mechanisms: Characteristics/performance during high altitude flight test from NASA Wallops Station, Va. (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The applications of various separation mechanisms to meet flight mission goals within the physical and environmental constraints of a single stage rocket test vehicle are considered. Each separation concept was selected from the numerous choices available on the basis of its unique requirement and the flight test vehicle incorporated several different concepts. Attention to specific requirements and thoroughness in design and testing were essential to success since there is no specific single answer to separation problems.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp. te; p 165-178
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    The requirement for designing analyzable space deployable structures (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The applied technology satellite parabolic reflector subsystem is one of the first systems designed for space environment with limited terrestrial environmental ability. As a result, the complete performance of the system could not be demonstrated in a terrestrial environment without unacceptable design compromises. This problem was circumvented by developing a test philosophy which relied heavily on analysis to qualify and accept the flight hardware. The test program was successfully concluded and an optimized, low cost structure resulted. It is felt that this test and analysis philosophy can be applied to future space systems, resulting in substantial cost and schedule savings and a mission optimized system.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 351-362
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    Secondary mirror support (LST) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Large structural mirror supports which meet the stiff requirements for launch and orbit operations in particular, dimensionally stable structures made of titanium alloy, can be manufactured with present day technology and at reasonable cost. With continuing research and development in this area, designs of astronomical telescopes and related earth observatory satellites should benefit from this knowledge.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 45-48
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    Results of Mariner Mars tracking calibration experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Ground station network S-band tracking in three-way Doppler modes of Mariner 9 in deep space provided geodetic parameters with an accuracy of 15 meters for use in Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 programs. It was concluded that unified S-band Doppler data provide geodetic results with accuracies comparable to laser ranging data.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 121-124
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    The International Ultraviolet Explorer (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The International Ultraviolet Explorer is a new astronomical satellite still in the design stage. It is a Delta launched satellite, weighing approximately 365 kilograms, with an intended lifetime of three to five years, and it will serve as a precursor to the large space telescope. The essential features of the satellite are its geosynchronous orbit, a 45-centimeter aperture telescope, and a high performance UV spectrograph using television tubes as detectors.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 86-88
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    The GSFC cosmic radiation experiment for the Pioneer F/G Jupiter mission (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The extremely lightweight, low power design of the cosmic radiation experiment is obtained by using less than 10 percent of the total weight for the mechanical system. Both the baseplate and the top plate are aluminum honeycomb, the side panels are magnesium trusswork, and the inside circuitry is stacked like a sandwich and interleaved with polyester urethane foam for vibration damping. The flight performance of the experimental hardware is excellent.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 82-85
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    Hematological Viscometry (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: Concepts and defining equations for the design of a relative velocity blood viscometer are reported. The device consists of two cone and plate chambers, a variable speed drive, and rotational velocity detectors. Two con-plate systems are directly coupled with one system driving the other through the viscous drag transmitted in the test fluid. Angular velocity measurements are processed electronically. A brief description of current viscometer designs is included.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 105-140
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    Handling System for Iridium-192 Seeds (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: A complete system is proposed for safe handling of iridium-192 seeds used to internally irradiate malignant growths. A vibratory hopper feeds the seeds onto a transport system for deposit in a magazine or storage area. A circular magazine consisting of segmented plastic tubing with holes in the walls to accommodate the seeds seems feasible. The magazine is indexed to stop and release a seed for calibration and deposition.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 141-171
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    Operating Room Environment Control. Part A: a Valve Cannister System for Anesthetic Gas Adsorption. Part B: a State-of-the-art Survey of Laminar Flow Operating Rooms. Part C: Three Laminar Flow Experiments (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: An anesthetic gas flow pop-off valve canister is described that is airtight and permits the patient to breath freely. Once its release mechanism is activated, the exhaust gases are collected at a hose adapter and passed through activated coal for adsorption. A survey of laminar air flow clean rooms is presented and the installation of laminar cross flow air systems in operating rooms is recommended. Laminar flow ventilation experiments determine drying period evaporation rates for chicken intestines, sponges, and sections of pig stomach.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1972 Summer Inst. for Biomed. Eng.; p 41-104
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    A gravity exercise system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An effective method for muscle conditioning during weightlessness flight is derived from isometric exercise. The basic principle of gravity exercise is to periodically displace the human body upon reactionless rollers so that spacial equilibrium can only be maintained by the proper tension and relaxation of the body's muscles. A rotating platform mounted upon two degrees of freedom rollers provides such a condition of gravitational reaction stress throughout each of its 360 deg rotation.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp.; p 311-316
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    Gravity-gradient dynamics experiments performed in orbit utilizing the Radio Astronomy Explorer (RAE-1) spacecraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Six dynamic experiments were performed in earth orbit utilizing the RAE spacecraft in order to test the accuracy of the mathematical model of RAE dynamics. The spacecraft consisted of four flexible antenna booms, mounted on a rigid cylindrical spacecraft hub at center, for measuring radio emissions from extraterrestrial sources. Attitude control of the gravity stabilized spacecraft was tested by using damper clamping, single lower leading boom operations, and double lower boom operations. Results and conclusions of the in-orbit dynamic experiments proved the accuracy of the analytic techniques used to model RAE dynamical behavior.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 32-36
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    Delta vehicle improvements (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Delta vehicle performance increases associated with 14 major configuration changes are outlined in terms of spacecraft weight into synchronous transfer orbit. Also discussed is the per-mission cost history, except range cost and amortization of development.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 11-13
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    The OSO-7 mission (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Addition of a gyro and star sensor to the wheel section of OSO-G provided nighttime pointing capability and functional redundancy in correcting an anomaly that put the combined OSO spacecraft and launch vehicle into a flat spin.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972; p 7-10
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    Medical electronics: A need and a challenge (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Space programs have led to the development of telemetry pills for diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract, reusable X-ray image storage plates that require no chemical processing, and muscular augmentation systems for the handicapped. These examples, together with countless other examples of technological innovation that can be drawn from research and development programs supported by government funds, offer a potential opportunity to stimulate growth and to control rising costs in medical electronics.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: WESCON The 1973 WESCON Tech. Papers, Vol. 17; 4 p
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    Unsteady aerodynamic analysis of space shuttle vehicles. Part 3: Booster interference effects (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation of the interference flow field on the space-shuttle boost configuration has been made. The results show that the interference effects can dominate the shuttle aerodynamics. Vortices shed from shock-induced flow separations on the forward portion of the vehicle affect the aerodynamic loads on the aft portion of the booster. Thus, the forebody and aft-body flow fields are coupled. This coupling and the associated time lag due to the finite convection speed of the vortices furnish a mechanism whereby the unsteady aerodynamics can cause undamping of certain low frequency elastic modes of the booster. A preliminary order-of-magnitude analysis of the aeroelastic stability of the shuttle booster indicates that negative aerodynamic damping could occur for at least one bending mode and be of sufficient magnitude to dominate the structural damping. The implication of these results, (with the possibility of undamped oscillations leading to structural failure), is serious enough to warrant further, more detailed analysis.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120124 , LMSC-D352320-PT-3
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    The space shuttle payload planning working groups: Executive summaries (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The findings of a space shuttle payload planning group session are presented. The purpose of the workshop is: (1) to provide guidance for the design and development of the space shuttle and the spacelab and (2) to plan a space science and applications program for the 1980 time period. Individual groups were organized to cover the various space sciences, applications, technologies, and life sciences. Summaries of the reports submitted by the working groups are provided.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69464
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    The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 1: Astronomy (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The space astronomy missions to be accomplished by the space shuttle are discussed. The principal instrument is the Large Space Telescope optimized for the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum, but usable also in the infrared. Two infrared telescopes are also proposed and their characteristics are described. Other instruments considered for the astronomical observations are: (1) a very wide angle ultraviolet camera, (2) a grazing incidence telescope, (3) Explorer-class free flyers to measure the cosmic microwave background, and (4) rocket-class instruments which can fly frequently on a variety of missions. The stability requirements of the space shuttle for accomplishing the astronomy mission are defined.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69409
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    Balloon launched Viking decelerator test program (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Four BLDT flights were conducted during the summer of 1972. The purpose of these tests was to qualify the Viking parachute system behind the full-scale Viking entry vehicle over the maximum range of entry conditions anticipated in the Viking '75 soft landing on Mars. A summary of the test series is presented. Test conditions ranged from a Mach number of 2.0 to 0.5 and dynamic pressure from 11.7 to 4.4 psf. This range of conditions covers the uncertainty in entry conditions at Mars due to atmospheric and entry performance uncertainties. Emphasis is placed on parachute performance and simulated Mars entry vehicle motions as influenced by the parachute performance. Conclusions are presented regarding the ability of the parachute to perform within the operational parameters required for a successful soft Martian landing. A list of references which covers all reports in the qualification test program is included.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-112288 , TR-3720359
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    Space shuttle atmospheric revitalization subsystem/active thermal control subsystem computer program (users manual) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A shuttle (ARS) atmosphere revitalization subsystem active thermal control subsystem (ATCS) performance routine was developed. This computer program is adapted from the Shuttle EC/LSS Design Computer Program. The program was upgraded in three noteworthy areas: (1) The functional ARS/ATCS schematic has been revised to accurately synthesize the shuttle baseline system definition. (2) The program logic has been improved to provide a more accurate prediction of the integrated ARS/ATCS system performance. Additionally, the logic has been expanded to model all components and thermal loads in the ARS/ATCS system. (3) The program is designed to be used on the NASA JSC crew system division's programmable calculator system. As written the new computer routine has an average running time of five minutes. The use of desk top type calculation equipment, and the rapid response of the program provides the NASA with an analytical tool for trade studies to refine the system definition, and for test support of the RSECS or integrated Shuttle ARS/ATCS test programs.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134164 , SP02T73
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    Simulator evaluation of display concepts for pilot monitoring and control of space shuttle approach and landing. Phase 2: Manual flight control (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of the display requirements for final approach management of the space shuttle orbiter vehicle is presented. An experimental display concept, providing a more direct, pictorial representation of the vehicle's movement relative to the selected approach path and aiming points, was developed and assessed as an aid to manual flight path control. Both head-up, windshield projections and head-down, panel mounted presentations of the experimental display were evaluated in a series of simulated orbiter approach sequence. Data obtained indicate that the experimental display would enable orbiter pilots to exercise greater flexibility in implementing alternative final approach control strategies. Touchdown position and airspeed dispersion criteria were satisfied on 91 percent of the approach sequences, representing various profile and wind effect conditions. Flight path control and airspeed management satisfied operationally-relevant criteria for the two-segment, power-off orbiter approach and were consistently more accurate and less variable when the full set of experimental display elements was available to the pilot. Approach control tended to be more precise when the head-up display was used; however, the data also indicate that the head-down display would provide adequate support for the manual control task.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-2359
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    Space tug point design study. Volume 4: Program requirements (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the configuration of a space tug and to predict the performance parameters. The program plans and planning data generated in support of the tug development program are presented. The preliminary plans and supporting planning data emphasize the following requirements: (1) maintenance and refurbishment, (2) technology development, (3) production, (4) test facilities, (5) quality control, and (6) scheduling.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-120112 , SD72-SA-0032-VOL-4
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    Space tug point design study. Volume 3: Design definition. Part 1: Propulsion and mechanical, avionics, thermal control and electrical power subsystems (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to determine the configuration and performance of a space tug. Details of the space tug systems are presented to include: (1) propulsion systems, (2) avionics, (3) thermal control, and (4) electric power subsystems. The data generated include engineering drawings, schematics, subsystem operation, and component description. Various options investigated and the rational for the point design selection are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-124023 , SD72-SA-0032-VOL-3-PT-1
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    Functional requirements for onboard management of space shuttle consumables, volume 2. (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study was conducted to develop the functional requirements for onboard management of space shuttle consumables. A specific consumables management concept for the space shuttle vehicle was developed and the functional requirements for the onboard portion of the concept were generated. Consumables management is the process of controlling or influencing the usage of expendable materials involved in vehicle subsystem operation. The subsystems considered in the study are: (1) propulsion, (2) power generation, and (3) environmental and life support.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-134145 , TRW-22104-H002-RO-00-VOL-2
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    Subsonic, transonic, and supersonic stability and control characteristics of the -147B space shuttle orbiter (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on 0.015 scale representations of two Space Shuttle Orbiter configurations in a trisonic wind tunnel from June 20, 1973 to June 30, 1973. The primary test objective was to define subsonic, transonic, and supersonic stability and control characteristics of the -147B Orbiter. Six-component aerodynamic force and moment data for the -147B Orbiter were recorded over an angle of attack range of -2 deg to 30 deg at Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0. Reynolds numbers of 5.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 x 100000 6/ft were tested at Mach numbers less than 2.0 while testing at Mach 2.0 and 3.0 was conducted at a Reynolds number of 11.0 x 100000/ft. Eleven deflections of 0 deg, +15 deg, -20, deg and -40 deg; body flap deflections of 0 deg, +13.75 deg and -14.25 deg; and rudder flare angles of 24.92 deg and 54.92 deg were tested on the -147B Orbiter over the entire Mach number range. Testing of the -139B Orbiter was for data verification and configuration comparison purposes only.
    Keywords: SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-CR-128789 , DMS-DR-2061
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