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  • Chemistry  (18,823)
  • General Chemistry  (2,995)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (819)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • 1980-1984  (8,086)
  • 1970-1974  (12,132)
  • 1915-1919  (872)
  • 1981  (8,086)
  • 1974  (6,189)
  • 1972  (5,943)
  • 1919  (872)
Collection
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Years
  • 1980-1984  (8,086)
  • 1970-1974  (12,132)
  • 1915-1919  (872)
Year
  • 1
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    Rational approaches to chemotherapy: antisickling agents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klotz, I M -- Haney, D N -- King, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):724-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*drug therapy ; Aspirin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Conformation ; Salicylates/*therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Automated synthesis of gene fragments (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarado-Urbina, G -- Sathe, G M -- Liu, W C -- Gillen, M F -- Duck, P D -- Bender, R -- Ogilvie, K K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Automation ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; *Genes, Synthetic ; RNA/*chemical synthesis ; Solubility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Chitin: New facets of research (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high-lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, P R -- Brine, C J -- Castle, J E -- Zikakis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cheese ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; *Chitin ; Crystallography ; Lactose/metabolism ; Proteins/analysis ; Sutures ; *Technology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    DNA sequencing and gene structure (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Hydrazines ; Lac Operon ; Methylation ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Reversible chemical modification of the scrapie agent (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinley, M P -- Masiarz, F R -- Prusiner, S B -- NS14069/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/microbiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; *Prions ; Ribonucleases/pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Practical implementation of the double linear damage rule and damage curve approach for treating cumulative fatigue damage (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Simple procedures are given for treating cumulative fatigue damage under complex loading history using either the damage curve concept or the double linear damage rule. A single equation is given for use with the damage curve approach; each loading event providing a fraction of damage until failure is presumed to occur when the damage sum becomes unity. For the double linear damage rule, analytical expressions are given for determining the two phases of life. The procedure comprises two steps, each similar to the conventional application of the commonly used linear damage rule. Once the sum of cycle ratios based on Phase I lives reaches unity, Phase I is presumed complete, and further loadings are summed as cycle ratios based on Phase II lives. When the Phase II sum attains unity, failure is presumed to occur. It is noted that no physical properties or material constants other than those normally used in a conventional linear damage rule analysis are required for application of either of the two cumulative damage methods described. Illustrations and comparisons are discussed for both methods.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 17; Apr. 198
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  • 9
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    Surface phenomena in elasticity (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Problems of elasticity associated with the behavior of free surfaces of elastic bodies are reviewed with particular reference to the propagation of characteristic waves and the criteria of wrinkling of free surfaces. All transformations are given for the case when a free surface of an elastic body is streamlined by the flow of inviscid fluid. The wrinkling phenomenon is illustrated by example.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Elasticity; 11; Apr. 198
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  • 10
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    Transport velocity transformation - A convenient method for performance analysis of multilayer solar cell structure (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is noted that in the case of low-level injection, space-charge quasi-neutrality, and spatially constant material parameters (including an electrostatic field), the individual layer can be treated analytically and the basic solar cell performance parameters can be evaluated from three equations. The first equation represents the transformation of the transport velocity across the layer from the other layer boundary. The second establishes the light-generated current output from the layer interface, under the influence of the transport velocities and minority-carrier density at both layer boundaries and of bulk recombination. The third equation describes the flow of these carriers across other layers. The power of the approach is considered to lie in its facility for analysis of the solar cell's performance layer by layer, giving a clear picture of the individual layer's influence on cell efficiency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-28; May 1981
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  • 11
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    Solar cell measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The measurement of the electrical performance characteristics of individual solar cells is discussed. One of the reasons is determination of the output power, measurement of the effect of various degradation mechanisms, and separation of cells by current and voltage for eventual use in series and parallel combinations. Major problem areas in making accurate performance measurements are the determination of the irradiance level during measurement, the measurement and control of cell junction temperature, and the contacting of the separate current and potential leads to the cell under test. Solar cells respond to only part of the solar spectrum, irradiance measurement made with blackbody detectors lead to spectral mismatch errors. The use of reference cells with a spectral response similar to that of the test cell reduces this error. Reference cells are calibrated at standard atmospheric conditions with all cells calibrated at the same conditions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Midwest Research Inst. Com. Photovoltaics Meas. Workshop Proc.; p 227-233
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  • 12
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    Reliability-based optimization under random vibration environment (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A methodology of formulating the optimum design problem for structural systems with random parameters and subjected to random vibration as a mathematical programming problem is presented. The proposed method is applied to the optimum design of a cantilever beam with a tip mass and a truss structure supporting a water tank. The excitations are assumed to be Gaussian processes and the geometric and material properties are taken to be normally distributed random variables. The probabilistic constraints are specified for individual failure modes since it is easier to specify the reliability level for each failure mode keeping in view the consequences of failure in that particular mode. The time parameter appearing in the random vibration based constraints is eliminated by replacing the probabilities of failure by suitable upper bounds. The numerical results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying the reliability-based design concepts to structures with random parameters and operating in random vibration environment.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 14; 5-6,; 1981
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  • 13
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    SPAR analysis of LDEF vibration characteristics (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper presents a structural dynamic modeling of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which is a Space Shuttle payload of passive scientific experiments contained in trays mounted on a large cylindrically shaped structure. Special detailed finite element modeling, using the SPAR system of computer programs was required to obtain good agreement between analytical and test vibrations modes. Experimental trays contributed significantly to overall LDEF stiffnesses, and these contributions were realistically represented for each tray by the stiffness matrix of an equivalent orthotropic panel in the overall LDEF SPAR model. Orthotropic stiffnesses for this panel were obtained from finely detailed statically loaded tray SPAR models in which stiffness coupling was accounted for along with partial relative sliding allowed by the tray clamping attachments. Joint boundary conditions were also significant in the structural dynamic modeling of LDEF, and static data proved valuable in assessing modeling of local end fittings.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 13; Aug. 198
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  • 14
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    Existence of axisymmetric modes of thin cylindrical shells with axial displacement restraint (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the existence of the axisymmetric mode of cylindrical shells with a radial displacement having one half wave along the axis and axial displacement restrained at both ends. The condition is purely geometric and consists of an upper bound on the mean radius of thickness ratio for a given fixed value of the length to mean radius ratio, above which the mode with one half wave in radial displacement along the axis ceases to exist. The proof is based on enforcing two basic lemmas concerned with the simplicity of the eigenvalues of the shell and the uniform ordering of these eigenvalues with the number of nodes of their corresponding radial displacement eigenfunctions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 74; Feb. 8
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  • 15
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    Photovoltaics (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The federal government has sponsored a program of research and development on terrestrial photovoltaic systems that is designed to reduce the costs of such systems through technological advances. There are many potential paths to lower system costs, and successful developments have led to increased private investment in photovoltaics. The prices for photovoltaic collectors and systems that appear to be achievable within this decade offer hope that the systems will soon be attractive in utility applications within the United States. Most of the advances achieved will also be directly applicable to the remote markets in which photovoltaic systems are now commercially successful
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Science; 212; June 26
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  • 16
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    Effect of elastic end rings on the eigenfrequencies of thin cylinders (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of elastic end rings on the eigenfrequencies of thin cylindrical shells is studied by using an exact solution of the linear eigenvalue problem. The out-of-plane and torsional rigidities of the rings are responsible for the overall shell stiffness. Considerable mode interaction exists for modes with low circumferential wave numbers when the mass of the ring is comparable with that of the shell. The hypothetical simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are practically impossible to realize with a finite-mass ring for relatively short and thin shells.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 74; Jan. 8
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  • 17
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    Production of hydrogen by electron transfer catalysis using conventional and photochemical means (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Alternate methods of generating hydrogen from the sulfuric acid thermal or electrochemical cycles are presented. A number of processes requiring chemical, electrochemical or photochemical methods are also presented. These include the design of potential photoelectrodes and photocatalytic membranes using Ru impregnated nafion tubing, and the design of experiments to study the catalyzed electrolytic formation of hydrogen and sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide and water using quinones as catalysts. Experiments are carried out to determine the value of these approaches to energy conversion.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 233-236
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  • 18
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    Overview of the Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Systems (C/HES) program (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The production, storage and transmission, and utilization of hydrogen are included. Management structure and the programmatic emphasis are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 141-144
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  • 19
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    Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Electrochemical and thermochemical systems are reviewed. Chemical heat pumps, end-use applications and systems studies, and storage systems and materials are also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 145-149
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  • 20
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    An experimental study of SO3 dissociation as a mechanism for converting and transporting solar energy (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The high temperature catalytic dissocation of SO3 is an important chemical process being considered in the development and application of solar-thermal energy conversion, transport, and storage systems. A facility for evaluating chemical converter-heat exchangers at temperatures to 1000 C with high flow rates of gaseous SO3 feedstock has been assembled and operated on the NMSU campus. Several quartz and metal reactors containing different catalyst configurations have been tested. Descriptions of the test facility and of the reactors are given along with a presentation and discussion of experimental results.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 27; 5, 19; 1981
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  • 21
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    Production cost comparisons of hydrogen from fossil and nuclear fuel and water decomposition (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The comparative costs entailed in producing hydrogen by major technologies that rely on petroleum, natural gas, coal, thermochemical cycles, and electrolysis are examined. Techniques were developed for comparing these processes by formulating the process data and economic assessments on a uniform and consistent basis. These data were normalized to permit a meaningful comparative analysis of product costs of these processes.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 227-231
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  • 22
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    Orbiter fuel cell improvement assessment (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The history of fuel cells and the theory of fuel cells is given. Expressions for thermodynamic and electrical efficiencies are developed. The voltage losses due to electrode activation, ohmic resistance and ionic diffusion are discussed. Present limitations of the Orbiter Fuel Cell, as well as proposed enhancements, are given. These enhancements are then evaluated and recommendations are given for fuel cell enhancement both for short-range as well as long-range performance improvement. Estimates of reliability and cost savings are given for enhancements where possible.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. fellowship Program, Vol. 1; 27 p
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  • 23
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    Contact resistivities of sputtered TiN and Ti-TiN metallizations on solar-cell-type-silicon (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The resistivities of TiN and Ti-TiN contacts on a shallow junction solar-cell-type silicon substrate have been determined by the method of the transmission line model. The contacts investigated are shown to be suitable for standard solar cells from an electrical point of view. Contact resistivity values of the order of 0.0001 ohm/sq cm as obtained for the n(+)Si-TiSi2-TiN contact system may be acceptable for concentrations up to 100 times, but lower values are necessary beyond this point.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 27; 4, 19; 1981
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  • 24
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    Stress-intensity factors and crack-opening displacements for round compact specimens (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An improved method of boundary collocation based on the complex variable analysis of Muskhelishvili (1953) is applied to the two-dimensional stress analysis of round compact specimens with pin-loaded holes. Stress intensity factors and crack opening displacements are calculated for various round compact specimens as a function of crack-length-to-specimen-width ratios. A wide-range equation for the stress intensity factors and equations for crack-surface displacements and load-point displacements are developed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 17; Dec. 198
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  • 25
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    Status of the microwave power transmission components for the solar power satellite (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the 1970-1980 time period a substantial advance has been made in developing all portions of a microwave power transmission system for the solar power satellite (SPS). The most recent advances pertain to the transmitting portion of the system in the satellite and are based upon experimental observations of the use of the magnetron combined with a passive directional device to convert it into a highly efficient directional amplifier with excellent low-noise properties and potentially very long life. The ability of its microwave output to track a phase reference makes it possible to combine it with many other radiating units to provide a highly coherent microwave beam. The ability of its output to track an amplitude reference while operating from a dc power source with varying voltage makes it possible to eliminate most of the power conditioning equipment that would otherwise be necessary.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 26
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    Multi-parameter yield zone model for predicting spectrum crack growth (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A phenomenological load interaction model referred to as the Multi-Parameter Yield Zone model is presented which accounts for crack growth retardation caused by previous overloads, acceleration due to current overloads, and underload effects. In the present model, load interaction effects are calculated utilizing a residual stress intensity concept. Crack growth retardation and acceleration are accounted for by decreasing or increasing, respectively, the effective stress ratio used in a modified Forman's (1967) crack growth equation. Results of spectrum crack growth predictions for 2219-T851 aluminum are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    A crack-closure model for predicting fatigue crack growth under aircraft spectrum loading (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present paper is concerned with the development and application of an analytical model of cyclic crack growth that includes the effects of crack closure. The model was based on a concept like the Dugdale model, but was modified to leave plastically deformed material in the wake of the advancing crack tip. The model was used to correlate crack growth rates under constant-amplitude loading and to predict crack growth under aircraft spectrum loading on 2219-T851 aluminum alloy plate material. The predicted crack growth lives agreed well with experimental data. The ratio of predicted-to-experimental lives ranged from 0.66 to 1.48.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 28
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    A root-mean-square approach for predicting fatigue crack growth under random loading (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A method for predicting fatigue crack growth under random loading which employs the concept of Barsom (1976) is presented. In accordance with this method, the loading history for each specimen is analyzed to determine the root-mean-square maximum and minimum stresses, and the predictions are made by assuming the tests have been conducted under constant-amplitude loading at the root-mean-square maximum and minimum levels. The procedure requires a simple computer program and a desk-top computer. For the eleven predictions made, the ratios of the predicted lives to the test lives ranged from 2.13 to 0.82, which is a good result, considering that the normal scatter in the fatigue-crack-growth rates may range from a factor of two to four under identical loading conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 29
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    Some approximations in the linear dynamic equations of thin cylinders (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Theoretical analysis is performed on the linear dynamic equations of thin cylindrical shells to find the error committed by making the Donnell assumption and the neglect of in-plane inertia. At first, the effect of these approximations is studied on a shell with classical simply supported boundary condition. The same approximations are then investigated for other boundary conditions from a consistent approximate solution of the eigenvalue problem. The Donnell assumption is valid at frequencies high compared with the ring frequencies, for finite length thin shells. The error in the eigenfrequencies from omitting tangential inertia is appreciable for modes with large circumferential and axial wavelengths, independent of shell thickness and boundary conditions.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 76; June 22
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  • 30
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    Dispersed solar thermal generation employing parabolic dish-electric transport with field modulated generator systems (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper discusses the application of field modulated generator systems (FMGS) to dispersed solar-thermal-electric generation from a parabolic dish field with electric transport. Each solar generation unit is rated at 15 kWe and the power generated by an array of such units is electrically collected for insertion into an existing utility grid. Such an approach appears to be most suitable when the heat engine rotational speeds are high (greater than 6000 r/min) and, in particular, if they are operated in the variable speed mode and if utility-grade a.c. is required for direct insertion into the grid without an intermediate electric energy storage and reconversion system. Predictions of overall efficiencies based on conservative efficiency figures for the FMGS are in the range of 25 per cent and should be encouraging to those involved in the development of cost-effective dispersed solar thermal power systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 27; 1, 19; 1981
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  • 31
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    Cyclic plasticity models and application in fatigue analysis (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analytical procedure for prediction of the cyclic plasticity effects on both the structural fatigue life to crack initiation and the rate of crack growth is presented. The crack initiation criterion is based on the Coffin-Manson formulae extended for multiaxial stress state and for inclusion of the mean stress effect. This criterion is also applied for the accumulated damage ahead of the existing crack tip which is assumed to be related to the crack growth rate. Three cyclic plasticity models, based on the concept of combination of several yield surfaces, are employed for computing the crack growth rate of a crack plane stress panel under several cyclic loading conditions.
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  • 32
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    The properties of polycrystalline silicon solar cells with controlled titanium additions (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: By coupling the results of electrical measurements, such as spectral response, lighted and dark I-V determinations, and deep-level-transient spectroscopy with optical and laser scan photomicroscopy, the effects of grain boundaries and impurities on silicon solar cells were evaluated. Titanium, which produces two deep levels in silicon, degrades cell performance by reducing bulk lifetime and thus cell short-circuit current. Electrically active grain boundaries induce carrier recombination in the bulk and depletion regions of the solar cell. Experimental data imply a small but measurable segregation of titanium into some grain boundaries of the polycrystalline silicon containing high Ti concentration. However, for the titanium-contaminated polycrystalline material used in this study, solar cell performance is dominated by the electrically active titanium concentration in the grains. Microstructural impacts on the devices are of secondary importance
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-28; Jan. 198
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  • 33
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    Assessment of solar-assisted gas-fired heat pump systems (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: As a possible application for the Goldstone Energy Project, the performance of a 10 ton heat pump unit using a hybrid solar gas energy source was evaluated in an effort to optimize the solar collector size. The heat pump system is designed to provide all the cooling and/or heating requirements of a selected office building. The system performance is to be augmented in the heating mode by utilizing the waste heat from the power cycle. A simplified system analysis is described to assess and compute interrrelationships of the engine, heat pump, and solar and building performance parameters, and to optimize the solar concentrator/building area ratio for a minimum total system cost. In addition, four alternative heating cooling systems, commonly used for building comfort, are described; their costs are compared, and are found to be less competitive with the gas solar heat pump system at the projected solar equipment costs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 154-190
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  • 34
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    Computer simulated building energy consumption for verification of energy conservation measures in network facilities (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A computer program called ECPVER (Energy Consumption Program - Verification) was developed to simulate all energy loads for any number of buildings. The program computes simulated daily, monthly, and yearly energy consumption which can be compared with actual meter readings for the same time period. Such comparison can lead to validation of the model under a variety of conditions, which allows it to be used to predict future energy saving due to energy conservation measures. Predicted energy saving can then be compared with actual saving to verify the effectiveness of those energy conservation changes. This verification procedure is planned to be an important advancement in the Deep Space Network Energy Project, which seeks to reduce energy cost and consumption at all DSN Deep Space Stations.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 142-146
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  • 35
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    Fuel cells feasibility (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The technical and economic status of fuel cells is assessed with emphasis on their potential benefits to the Deep Space Network. The fuel cell, what it is, how it operates, and what its outputs are, is reviewed. Major technical problems of the fuel cell and its components are highlighted. Due to these problems and economic considerations it is concluded that fuel cells will not become commercially viable until the early 1990s.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 154-168
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  • 36
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    Wind loads for bar-truss structures (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis method developed to calculate the wind loads on the nodes or joints of the truss type support structure of the 64 meter antenna is described. The method uses the CBAR element and GRID coordinate cards of the NASTRAN or IDEAS structural analysis programs as inputs to the computer model of the structure. Cross flow principles and vector analysis are also used in the analysis. The algorithms used are described and probable accuracy of the solution is discussed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 149-153
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  • 37
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    A sensitivity model for energy consumption in buildings. Part 1: Effect of exterior environment (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simple analytical model is developed for the simulation of seasonal heating and cooling loads of any class of buildings to complement available computerized techniques which make hourly, daily, and monthly calculations. An expression for the annual energy utilization index, which is a common measure of rating buildings having the same functional utilization, is derived to include about 30 parameters for both building interior and exterior environments. The sensitivity of a general class building to either controlled or uncontrolled weather parameters is examined. A hypothetical office type building, located at the Goldstone Space Communication Complex, Goldstone, California, is selected as an example for the numerical sensitivity evaluations. Several expressions of variations in local outside air temperature, pressure, solar radiation, and wind velocity are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 58-88
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  • 38
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    Glass as encapsulation for low-cost photovoltaic solar arrays (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In photovoltaic systems, the encapsulant material that protects the solar cells should be highly transparent and very durable. Glass satisfies these two criteria and is considered a primary candidate for low-cost, photovoltaic encapsulation systems. In this paper, various aspects of glass encapsulation are treated that are important for the designer of photovoltaic systems. Candidate glasses and available information defining the state of the art of glass encapsulation materials and processes for automated, high volume production of terrestrial photovoltaic devices and related applications are presented. The desired characteristics of glass encapsulation are (1) low degradation rates, (2) high transmittance, (3) high reliability, (4) low-cost, and (5) high annual production capacity. The glass design areas treated herein include the types of glass, sources, prices, physical properties and glass modifications, such as antireflection coatings.
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  • 39
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    Parabolic dish systems at work - Applying the concepts (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An overview is given of parabolic dish solar concentrator application experiments being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy. The 'engineering experiments' comprise the testing of (1) a small-community powerplant system, in conjunction with a grid-connected utility; (2) stand-alone applications at remote sites such as military installations, radar stations and villages; and (3) dish modules that can deliver heat for direct use in industrial processes. Applicability projections are based on a dish and receiver that use a Brayton engine with an engine/generator efficiency of 25% and a production level of up to 25,000 units per year. Analyses indicate that parabolic-dish power systems can potentially replace small, oil-fired power plants in all regions of the U.S. between 1985 and 1991.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Sunworld; 5; May 1981
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  • 40
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    Parabolic dish collectors - A solar option (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A description is given of several parabolic-dish high temperature solar thermal systems currently undergoing performance trials. A single parabolic dish has the potential for generating 20 to 30 kW of electricity with fluid temperatures from 300 to 1650 C. Each dish is a complete power-producing unit, and may function either independently or as part of a group of linked modules. The two dish designs under consideration are of 11 and 12 meter diameters, yielding receiver operating temperatures of 925 and 815 C, respectively. The receiver designs described include (1) an organic working fluid (toluene) Rankine cycle engine; (2) a Brayton open cycle unit incorporating a hybrid combustion chamber and nozzle and a shaft-coupled permanent magnet alternator; and (3) a modified Stirling cycle device originally designed for automotive use. Also considered are thermal buffer energy storage and thermochemical transport and storage.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Sunworld; 5; May 1981
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  • 41
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    Temperature-dependent creep buckling of plates (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Time-dependent lateral deflection of flat rectangular plates is predicted by the Norton-Bailey (Norton 1929, Bailey 1935) power law for material creep. The plates have a through-thickness steady-state temperature distribution, and the effects are considered by using Maxwell's law to modify the power creep law. Equations are derived for creep exponents of 3 and 5, using the sandwich plate element to predict creep buckling of plates. Predictions of creep buckling with a temperature variation between the inner and outer plate surfaces are found to be somewhat dependent on the creep buckling relationship assumed. When significant scatter justifies a variation in the creep constants up to an order of magnitude, discrepancies in predictions using the two exponents are reasonable, and for one engineering material, the predictions have the same degree of agreement with experimental data as have the respective creep laws.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Thermal Stresses; 4; Apr. 198
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  • 42
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    Steam reforming of n-hexane on pellet and monolithic catalyst beds. A comparative study on improvements due to heat transfer (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Monolithic catalysts with higher available active surface areas and better thermal conductivity than conventional pellets beds, making possible the steam reforming of fuels heavier than naphtha, were examined. Performance comparisons were made between conventional pellet beds and honeycomb monolith catalysts using n-hexane as the fuel. Metal-supported monoliths were examined. These offer higher structural stability and higher thermal conductivity than ceramic supports. Data from two metal monoliths of different nickel catalyst loadings were compared to pellets under the same operating conditions. Improved heat transfer and better conversion efficiencies were obtained with the monolith having higher catalyst loading. Surface-gas interaction was observed throughout the length of the monoliths.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Conversion of Hydrocarbons for Fuel Cell Appl.; p 75-120
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  • 43
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    Recent work in advanced hydrogen production concepts (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The hydrogen photoelectrolytic conversion activity investigated the practicability of semiconductor electrolytic devises that use solar energy to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen in an apparent single step process. The photocatalytic decomposition of inorganic hydrogen compounds; i.e., hydrobromic and hydriodic acids using rhodium organic bridge complexes were also studied. The feasibility of direct high temperature thermal decompositions of water with diffusion processes for separation of the equilibrium mixture of hydrogen and oxygen into usable energy sources was examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 232
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  • 44
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    Containment materials: Status and summary (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The hydrogen containment materials are studied. The safe, reliable, and economic containment of hydrogen is essential to the success of virtually any hydrogen energy transport and storage scheme. The potential problems associated with hydrogen containment are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 224-226
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  • 45
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    Dish-mounted latent heat buffer storage (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Dish-mounted latent heat storage subsystems for Rankine, Brayton, and Stirling engines operating at 427 C, 816 C, and 816 C respectively are discussed. Storage requirements definition, conceptual design, media stability and compatibility tests, and thermal performance analyses are considered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 113-117
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  • 46
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    A theoretical study of microwave beam absorption by a rectenna (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The results of a theoretical study of microwave beam absorption by a Rectenna are given. Total absorption of the power beam is shown to be theoretically possible. Several improvements in the Rectenna design are indicated as a result of analytic modeling. The nature of Rectenna scattering and atmospheric effects are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 234-240
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  • 47
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    Analysis of the photo voltage decay /PVD/ method for measuring minority carrier lifetimes in P-N junction solar cells (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The photo voltage decay (PVD) method for the measurement of minority carrier lifetimes in P-N junction solar cells with cell thickness comparable to or even less than the minority carrier diffusion length is examined. The method involves the generation of free carriers in the quasi-neutral bulk material by flashes of light and the monitoring of the subsequent decay of the induced open-circuit voltages as the carriers recombine, which is dependent on minority carrier recombination lifetime. It is shown that the voltage versus time curve for an ordinary solar cell (N(+)-P junction) is proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime plus a factor expressing the ratio of diffusion length to cell thickness. In the case of an ideal back-surface-field cell (N(+)-P-P(+) junction) however, the slope is directly proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime. It is noted that since most BSF cells are not ideal, possessing a sizable back surface recombination velocity, the PVD measurements must be treated with caution and supplemented with other nonstationary methods.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 52; Sept
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  • 48
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    Vibrations of three-dimensional pipe systems with acoustic coupling (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A general algorithm is developed to calculate the beam-type dynamic response of three dimensional multiplane finite length pipe systems, consisting of elbow and straight ducts with continuous interfaces. Emphasis is on secondary acoustic wave effects giving rise to coupling mechanisms; and the simulation accounts for one-dimensional elastoacoustic coupling from a plane acoustic wave and secondary loads resulting from wave asymmetries. The transfer matrix approach is adopted in modeling the elastodynamics of each duct, with allowance for distribution loads. Secondary loads from plane wave distortion are considered with a solution of the Helmholtz equation in an equivalent rigid waveguide, and effects of path imperfection are introduced as a perturbation from the hypothetical perfectly straight pipe. Computations indicate that the one-dimensional acoustic assumption is valid for frequencies below one-half the first cut-off frequency, and the three-dimensional acoustic effects produce an increase in response levels near and above cut-off.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 78; Sept. 8
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  • 49
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    Autothermal reforming of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The mechanisms by which various fuel component hydrocarbons related to both heavy petroleum and coal-derived liquids are converted to hydrogen without forming carbon were investigated. Reactive differences between paraffins and aromatics in autothermal reforming (ATR) were shown to be responsible for the observed fuel-specific carbon formation characteristics. The types of carbon formed in the reformer were identified by SEM and XRD analyses of catalyst samples and carbon deposits. From tests with both light and heavy paraffins and aromatics, it is concluded that high boiling point hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatics enhance the propensity for carbon formation. The effects of propylene addition on the ATR performance of benzene are described. In ATR tests with mixtures of paraffins and aromatics, synergistic effects on conversion characteristics were identified. Indications that the sulfur content of the fuel may be the limiting factor for efficient ATR operation were found. The conversion and degradation effects of the sulfur additive (thiophene) were examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: conversion of Hydrocarbons for Fuel Cell Appl.; p 1-74
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  • 50
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    Structural synthesis - Its genesis and development (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An historical account is given of the development, from its conception in 1960, of the structural synthesis method. While synthesis techniques lag behind analytical ones in both sophistication and application, the structural design procedures created by combining finite element analysis and mathematical programming algorithms have progressed to the point of maturity. As in the case of finite element analysis, use and acceptance of structural synthesis methodology depends on the development and distribution of easily used and well-documented, production-quality computer programs. Attention is given such elementary applications of synthesis methods as the three-bar truss, an integrally stiffened waffle plate, a stiffened cylindrical shell, aircraft fuselage window panels, the structural efficiency of graphite-epoxy hat-stiffened panels, and an idealized delta wing.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 51
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    Solar energy (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The book opens with a review of the patterns of energy use and resources in the United States, and an exploration of the potential of solar energy to supply some of this energy in the future. This is followed by background material on solar geometry, solar intensities, flat plate collectors, and economics. Detailed attention is then given to a variety of solar units and systems, including domestic hot water systems, space heating systems, solar-assisted heat pumps, intermediate temperature collectors, space heating/cooling systems, concentrating collectors for high temperatures, storage systems, and solar total energy systems. Finally, rights to solar access are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 52
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    New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of dichlorosilane process (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A reduction in the cost of silicon for solar cells is an important objective in a project concerned with the reduction of the cost of electricity produced with solar cells. The cost goal for the silicon material is about $14 per kg (1980 dollars). The process which is currently employed to produce semiconductor grade silicon from trichlorosilane is not suited for meeting this cost goal. Other processes for producing silicon are, therefore, being investigated. A description is presented of results obtained for the DCS process which involves the production of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material for solar energy silicon. Major benefits of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material include faster reaction rates for chemical vapor deposition of silicon. The DCS process involves the reaction 2SiHCl3 yields reversibly SiH2Cl2 + SiCl4. The results of a cost analysis indicate a total product cost without profit of $1.29/kg of SiH2Cl2.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 27; 6, 19; 1981
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  • 53
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    Green's function for cracks of equal length from a circular hole in an infinite sheet (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Stress-intensity factors are obtained for twin collinear cracks emanating from a hole in an infinite plate. Point forces that tend to make the crack surfaces separate and slide are applied to one of the cracks. A conformal mapping and the Muskelishvili formulation involving series representation of the Kolosov stress functions are used to derive the solutions. The variation of stress-intensity factor with crack length and with point of application of the loads is presented for both crack tips.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Res Mechanica Letters; 1; Dec. 198
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  • 54
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    An empirical stress-intensity factor equation for the surface crack (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper presents an empirical stress-intensity factor equation for a surface crack as a function of parametric angle, crack depth, crack length, plate thickness and plate width for tension and bending loads. The stress-intensity factors used to develop the equation were obtained from a previous three-dimensional, finite-element analysis of semielliptical surface cracks in finite elastic plates subjected to tension or bending loads. A wide range of configuration parameters was included in the equation. The ratios of crack length to plate thickness and the ratios of crack depth to crack length ranged from 0 to 1.0. The effects of plate width on stress-intensity variations along the crack front were also included. The equation was used to predict patterns of surface-crack growth under tension or bending fatigue loads. The equation was also used to correlate surface-crack fracture data for a brittle epoxy material within + or - 10 percent for a wide range of crack shapes and crack sizes.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Engineering Fracture Mechanics; 15; 1-2,; 1981
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  • 55
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    Computational methods in nonlinear structural and solid mechanics; Proceedings of the Symposium, Washington, D.C., October 6-8, 1980. Symposium sponsored by the George Washington University and NASA (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: Topics discussed include computational strategies for nonlinear problems in structural mechanics, time integration techniques and the numerical solution of nonlinear algebraic equations, material characterization and nonlinear fracture mechanics, nonlinear interaction problems, and seismic response and the nonlinear analysis of concrete structures. Also considered are nonlinear problems for nuclear reactors, crash dynamics and impact problems, nonlinear problems of fibrous composites and advanced nonlinear applications, and computerized symbolic manipulation and nonlinear analysis software systems.
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  • 56
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    Metal-halide mixtures for latent heat energy storage (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Some candidates for alkali metal and alkali halide mixtures suitable for thermal energy storage at temperatures 600 C are identified. A solar thermal system application which offer advantages such as precipitation of salt crystals away from heat transfer surfaces, increased thermal conductivity of phase change materials, corrosion inhibition, and a constant monotectic temperature, independent of mixture concentrations. By using the lighters, metal rich phase as a heat transfer medium and the denser, salt rich phase as a phase change material for latent heat storage, undesirable solidification on the heat transfer surface may be prevented, is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME Solar Eng., 1981; p 667-674
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    The NASA Lewis large wind turbine program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The large wind turbine program activities are reviewed. These activities include results from the first and second generation field machines (Mod-OA, 1, and 2), the design phase of the third generation wind turbine (Mod-5) and the advanced technology projects. The status of the WTS-4 machine is also presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Midwest Res. Inst. Fifth Bien. Wind Energy Conf. and Workshop (WW5); p 39-58
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  • 58
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    An interferometer-based phase control system (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system for focusing and pointing the SPS power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on earth. A conventional uplinked data channel transmits an 8-bit phase error correction back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the rectenna.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 139-140
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  • 59
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    SPS fiber optic link assessment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Fiber optic technology was tentatively selected in the SPS baseline design to transmit a stable phase reference throughout microwave array. Over a hundred thousand microwave modules are electronically steered by the phase reference signal to form the power beam at the ground receiving station. The initially selected IF distribution frequency of the phase reference signal was at 980 MHz or a submultiple of it. Fiber optics offers some significant advantages in view of the SPS application. Optical transmission is highly immune to EMI/RFI, which is expected to be severe when considering the low distribution power. In addition, there are savings in both mass, physical size, and potentially in cost.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 154-158
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  • 60
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    A sonic satellite power system microwave power transmission simulation (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A simulator is described which generates and transmits a beam of audible sound energy mathematically similar to the SPS power beam. The simulator provides a laboratory means for analysis of ground based closed loop SPS phase control and of ionospheric effects on the SPS microwave power beam.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 141-143
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  • 61
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    Flutter of Darrieus wind turbine blades: Correlation of theory and experiment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Flutter analysis of two wind turbines was correlated with experimental data for flutter of Darrieus blades.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 199-200
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  • 62
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    On the wake of a Darrieus turbine (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The theory and experimental measurements on the aerodynamic decay of a wake from high performance vertical axis wind turbine are discussed. In the initial experimental study, the wake downstream of a model Darrieus rotor, 28 cm diameter and a height of 45.5 cm, was measured in a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel. The wind turbine was run at the design tip speed ratio of 5.5. It was found that the wake decayed at a slower rate with distance downstream of the turbine, than a wake from a screen with similar troposkein shape and drag force characteristics as the Darrieus rotor. The initial wind tunnel results indicated that the vertical axis wind turbines should be spaced at least forty diameters apart to avoid mutual power depreciation greater than ten per cent.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 51-66
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  • 63
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    Aerodynamic potpourri (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Aerodynamic developments for vertical axis and horizontal axis wind turbines are given that relate to the performance and aerodynamic loading of these machines. Included are: (1) a fixed wake aerodynamic model of the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine; (2) experimental results that suggest the existence of a laminar flow Darrieus vertical axis turbine; (3) a simple aerodynamic model for the turbulent windmill/vortex ring state of horizontal axis rotors; and (4) a yawing moment of a rigid hub horizontal axis wind turbine that is related to blade coning.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 3-7
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  • 64
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    Calculation of guaranteed mean power from wind turbine generators (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A method for calculating the 'guaranteed mean' power output of a wind turbine generator is proposed. The term 'mean power' refers to the average power generated at specified wind speeds during short-term tests. Correlation of anemometers, the method of bins for analyzing non-steady data, the PROP Code for predicting turbine power, and statistical analysis of deviations in test data from theory are discussed. Guaranteed mean power density for the Clayton Mod-OA system was found to be 8 watts per square meter less than theoretical power density at all power levels, with a confidence level of 0.999. This amounts to 4 percent of rated power.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 139-150
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  • 65
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    An overview of fatigue failures at the Rocky Flats Wind System Test Center (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Potential small wind energy conversion (SWECS) design problems were identified to improve product quality and reliability. Mass produced components such as gearboxes, generators, bearings, etc., are generally reliable due to their widespread uniform use in other industries. The likelihood of failure increases, though, in the interfacing of these components and in SWECS components designed for a specific system use. Problems relating to the structural integrity of such components are discussed and analyzed with techniques currently used in quality assurance programs in other manufacturing industries.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 121-128
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  • 66
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    Performance testing of a 50 kW VAWT in a built-up environment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results of performance tests of a DAF Indal 50 kW vertical axis wind turbine are presented. Results of limited free stream turbulence and vertical wind shear measurements at the site are also presented. The close agreement between measured and predicted energy outputs, required to verify the wind turbine power output performance relationship, was not attained. A discussion is presented of factors that may have contributed to the lack of better agreement.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 129-138
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  • 67
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    Applications of the DOE/NASA wind turbine engineering information system (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A statistical analysis of data obtained from the Technology and Engineering Information Systems was made. The systems analyzed consist of the following elements: (1) sensors which measure critical parameters (e.g., wind speed and direction, output power, blade loads and component vibrations); (2) remote multiplexing units (RMUs) on each wind turbine which frequency-modulate, multiplex and transmit sensor outputs; (3) on-site instrumentation to record, process and display the sensor output; and (4) statistical analysis of data. Two examples of the capabilities of these systems are presented. The first illustrates the standardized format for application of statistical analysis to each directly measured parameter. The second shows the use of a model to estimate the variability of the rotor thrust loading, which is a derived parameter.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 113-120
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  • 68
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    General Electric point focus solar concentrator status (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The concentrator design approach evolved by a systemmatic process of examining the operating requirements particular to the solar application, minimizing material content through detail structural design and structurally efficient subsystem features, and utilizing materials and processes compatible with high volume production techniques. The design approach, the present concentrator configuration and the status of the hardware development are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 143-147
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  • 69
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    Cost goals (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Cost goal activities for the point focusing parabolic dish program are reported. Cost goals involve three tasks: (1) determination of the value of the dish systems to potential users; (2) the cost targets of the dish system are set out; (3) the value side and cost side are integrated to provide information concerning the potential size of the market for parabolic dishes. The latter two activities are emphasized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 247-250
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  • 70
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    Industrial application experiment series (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two procurements within the Industrial Application Experiment Series of the Thermal Power Systems Project are discussed. The first procurement, initiated in April 1980, resulted in an award to the Applied Concepts Corporation for the Capital Concrete Experiment: two Fresnel concentrating collectors will be evaluated in single-unit installations at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Parabolic Dish Test Site and at Capitol Concrete Products, Topeka, Kansas. The second procurement, initiated in March 1981, is titled, "Thermal System Engineering Experiment B." The objective of the procurement is the rapid deployment of developed parabolic dish collectors.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 215-216
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  • 71
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    Fresnel concentrating collector (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An advanced point focusing solar technology demonstrated potential for near term commercialization as a renewable energy technology. The design features combine to produce a highly efficient, low cost, safe, adaptable, durable system which is simple to manufacture, install and maintain.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 171-178
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  • 72
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    Viking lander five year summary (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The battery assemblies in the Viking lander are discussed. Discharge and recharge schemes are described. Performance charts for the batteries are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 361-370
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  • 73
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    Predelivery cell and battery summary for SMM 20A h batteries (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Nickel cadmium batteries were performance tested and found to be compatible with the demands and goals of the Solar Maximum Mission flights.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 343-347
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  • 74
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    Anatomy of a short (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The plate stocks of nickel cadmium batteries were disassembled to locate shorts. Through testing, the cause of the shorts was discovered to be a growth of cadmium coming through the separator.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 229-240
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  • 75
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    Expansion of the nickel electrode (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: To observe a reasonable amount of expansion, months or years in acutal batteries are required. Therefore, the technique of electrode bending was developed. Active material is taken off a sample electrode on one side, and left only on the other side with a cadmium counter electrode. With this configuration, if the active material expands, the electrode will bend convex - concave towards this direction. This very small bending may be easily detected with light deflection. A laser beam was used to project it on the screen through a mirror attached on the electrode, thus making a very sensitive measurement of a very small expansion.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 175 - 181
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  • 76
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    Nickel hydrogen cell tests (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some parametric tests followed by cycling tests are described for the characterization of the service life of nickel hydrogen cells. Three cells were automatically cycled in simulated low Earth orbit in 35 minute discharge, 55 minute charge, with charging voltage limited, temperature compensated. The cells were mounted in a fixture that conducts heat to an aluminum baseplate. The baseplate in turn, is bounded in a temperature controlled bath to remove the heat from the mounted fixture. One cell was tested with a zircar separator, which failed after 2473 cyles. Two other cells were tested one with a zircar separator; the other with asbestos. More than 400 cycles were achieved.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 409-418
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  • 77
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    Nickel hydrogen cells, an historic overview (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of the nickel hydrogen battery system was primarily for replacement of the nickel cadmium battery and for space power systems. A chronological review of the major events and milestones leading up to the current system status is summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 391-397
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  • 78
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    Nickel hydrogen life cycle test results (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The charge efficiency of nickel hydrogen batteries is discussed. The general characteristics of the battery life cycle are described with respect to the dissipation of heat from the battery.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 339-407
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  • 79
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    Comparison of different plate treatments and designs, an update (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Nine packs of cells of different designs were put on test at Crane. They were run through their initial evaluation tests and then put into a cycling test. These were GE 12A h cells. The temperature was 20 C, the orbit was 90 minutes, the depth of discharge was 40%, the discharge rate was 9.6A and the initial charge rate was 9.6A to a voltage limit where it went into a taper. The goal was to get 100% return. The voltage limit was 1.453V through most of the testing, although recently it became necessary to lower some packs and raise some to hold 115% return. After one year, one cell from each pack was removed and the initial evaluation tests were repeated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 371-378
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  • 80
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    Multimission modular spacecraft parallel battery tests (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Acceptance test data included: voltage profiles; pressure increase or decrease; and response of the third electrode cell. A softening of the voltage profile was revealed, as well as a lowering of the discharge profile and a 10 percent loss of capacity over a 0 to 20 C temperature range.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 335-341
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  • 81
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    Nickel cadmium cell optimization program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Battery selection was based on tests to evaluate: weight, capacity; overcharge capability at varying temperatures; and charge retention.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 329-333
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  • 82
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    Battery failure model derived from flaw theory (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A previously derived failure model for battery lifetime is discussed in terms of growth rate of the flaw, distribution of flaw sizes, and number of flaws. Equations are presented for determining the failure model for a nickel cadmium battery.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 257-264
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  • 83
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    PBI treated polypropylene battery separator (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A generalized procedure for fabricating the separator is described. Some of the desired properties considered in fabricating the separator material for nickel-cadmium cells were good mechanical strength, good chemical stability, good wettability to the electrolyte, high electrolyte retention, and gas passage.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 217-223
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  • 84
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    The CMG Nickel Electrode (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development and design of the Controlled Microgeometry electrode are described. Advantages of the electrode over others in existance include a higher number of ampere hours per kilogram and the ability to make them over a wide range of thicknesses. The parameters that control the performance of the electrode can be individually controlled over a wide range. Therefore, the electrode may be designed to give the optimum performance for a given duty cycle.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 183-195
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  • 85
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    The structures of the sintered plaque in the nickel hydroxide electrode (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The various failure mechanisms were identified for the nickel electrode. The nickel sinter is involved in all these failure modes. The first one, chemical attack by carbonate, nitrate or other electrolyte components, involves corrosion of the nickel sinters. The second is the physical mode, which involves swelling of the electrode and physical shifting of the sinter in the electrodes. The third is the mechanical failure mode, and is due to fatigue or to the oxygen pressure that causes deformation or fracture of the sinter.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 157-164
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  • 86
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    Carbon catalysis of reactions in the lithium SOCl2 and SO2 systems (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Certain hazards associated with lithium batteries have delayed widespread acceptance of these power sources. The reactivity of ground lithium carbon mixtures was examined. The effect of carbon types on this reactivity was determined. The basic reaction involved mixtures of lithium and carbon with battery electrolyte. The various parameters that influenced this reactivity included: the nature and freshness of the carbon; the freshness, the purity, and the conductive salt of the electrolyte; and the effect of Teflon or moisture.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 105-110
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  • 87
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    Long life Li/SO2 cells (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a long life Li/SO2 battery (one that could operate continuously for periods of at least five years) is discussed. The causes of premature failures in battery concepts are defined and solutions to these problems are described. In particular the corrosion of the glass in a glass-to-metal seal and a spot welded positive lead are addressed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 47-55
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  • 88
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    Thermal modeling of lithium systems (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The heat generation during cell discharge and its distribution are discussed. The effects of casing materials, thickness of current collectors, discharge environments, and entropies are described. A number of calorimetric experiments are described which quantify the heat during cell discharge.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 31-37
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  • 89
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    Capacity of a nickel hydrogen boilerplate cell as a function of temperature (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An evaluation of the components was conducted with special emphasis on positive electrodes. Electrochemically impregnated positive electrodes were used which were made on a slurry plaque by using a perforated steel substrate. The capacity of the test cell was consistent with the loading level used and the effect of temperature on capacity seems to depend on the cobalt level.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 431-437
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  • 90
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    RCA Satcom in-orbit experience (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The F1 and F2 spacecraft battery systems are described. Battery reconditioning and discharge are discussed and graphically illustrated. Current sharing as a measure of battery performance is also plotted.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 379-384
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  • 91
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    Air Force nickel hydrogen cells (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A 3.5 in. diameter, nominal 15A h cell went into advanced development in 1976 and is still in advanced development. The development of common pressure vessel nickel hydrogen modules is explored. The concept is to put a number of nickel hydrogen cells into one pressure vessel. There is a very modest advantage in terms of weight energy density, but a substantial advantage in both volume energy density and cost.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 387-389
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  • 92
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    Lightweight 50A h case design (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Reduction of weight in the cell container and incorporation of compression seals are described. Design geometry is standard NASA 50A h geometry. The unit was pressurized to 100 psig. The yield point was not achieved. The case weighs 150 g.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 225-228
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  • 93
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    Electrolyte distribution study in sealed nickel cadmium cells (1981)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The purpose of the study was threefold: to find an alternative method of estimating and extracting the electrolyte content in a cell; to understand how the electrolyte is distributed in the cell components (the positives and the negatives and in the separator material); and to discover whether the electrolyte is associated mostly with the positives and negatives or the separator. In each that cell the negative was associated with the greatest proportion of electrolyte, followed by the positive, and the separator.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 207-215
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  • 94
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    Lightweight composite cadmium electrodes (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The design and fabrication of the electrodes are discussed. The electrode efficiency of different impregnations of plaques is reported. The chemical impregnation for commercial use has the lowest efficiency, and for aerospace application it has higher efficiency. The electrochemically impregnated electrode is the most efficient.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 197-205
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  • 95
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    Initial capacity conditioning on electrochemical nickel hydroxide electrodes (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Conditioning is the initial cycling where cell capacity is usually unstable. The causes of the initial capacity build were examined. Gridless electrodes were fabricated to ensure mechanical homogeneity, so that a strain measured in one direction would be typical of a strain measured in the other directions. Plate hardness was also determined. These two parameters stabilize together.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 165-173
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  • 96
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    High energy density batteries for satellite applications (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The performance requirements of high-energy batteries for terrestrial applications were examined to establish whether or not these systems showed any promise in aerospace applications. The technology assessment is reported and consists of a battery technology evaluation, preliminary engineering studies, and system selection. Major candidate systems are compared and a program schedule is provided.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 143-154
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 97
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    Catastrophic event modeling (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A mathematical model for the catastrophic failures (venting or explosion of the cell) in lithium thionyl chloride batteries is presented. The phenomenology of the various processes leading to cell failure is reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 99-103
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 98
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    Altus small button cell performance (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of testing performed on Altus lithium thionyl chloride cells are presented. The test plan followed simulates the mine environment. It involves nondestructive testing, ruggedness testing and destructive testing. The nondestructive testing involves open circuit voltage measurements initially on all the cells, alternating current resistance measurements initially on all the cells and closed circuit voltage pulses, 20s on and 20s through 1000, 100, 10 and 1 ohms at temperatures of -54 to 71 C. The ruggedness testing involves low frequency vibration, high frequency vibration, and two-phase water entry shock at temperatures of -54, 25 and 71 C. It also involves thermal shock tests.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 91-97
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  • 99
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    Performance storage, safety and disposal of Li/SO2 cells (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Cell performance characteristics after storage at room temperature and 71 C as well as some cell failure modes are evaluated. The performance of cells at low temperatures (-30 C) even into voltage reversal is also considered. The correlation of Li/SO2 coulombic ratio with generated free cyanide (CN-) in forced discharged D cells is also included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 61-71
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  • 100
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    Performance and safety characteristics of Li/BCX and Li/CSC systems (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The performance and safety characteristics of the lithium BCX and lithium CSC battery system are discussed. A comparison is made between the two systems with respect to open circuit voltage, energy density, and operating temperature.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 23-30
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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