ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 551.22
  • 551.5
  • LC QA3
  • ddc:320
  • 2020-2022  (150)
  • 1995-1999  (284)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1925-1929
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Über die Laufzeiten der Vorläufer- und Wechselwellen bei Erdbeben in ihrer Beziehung zur Schichtung der Erdrinde (2020)
    Gustav Fischer Verlag
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Zur Bestimmung des Weges und der Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit der Erdbebenwellen im Erdinneren lassen sich zwei Methoden anwenden. Entweder wird unter Zugrundelegung von Annahmen über Wellengeschwindigkeiten innerhalb einzelner Erdschichten versucht, gegebene Laufzeitkurven zu approximieren, oder man schließt aus den Laufzeitkurven direkt auf den Weg der Erdbebenwellen im Erdinnern. Gerade die zweite direkte Methode zur Strahlberechnung, die Herglotz-Wiechertsche Methode, die sich auf die Theorie der Abelschen Integralgleichung stützt, hat außerordentlich viel Verwendung gefunden. Jedoch ergaben die neuesten Erfahrungen, dass in manchen Fällen das zuerst von E. Wiechert angegebene Näherungsverfahren vorzuziehen ist…Aus dieser Erwägung heraus erhebt sich jetzt die Frage nach dem Aufbau der Erdrinde. Welche von den Ergebnissen sind für Untersuchungen des Verlaufes der Erdbebenwellen bei Fernbeben zu berücksichtigen. In den Bearbeitungen des Materials der Oppau-Katastrophe treten bei 0. Hecker und De Quervain nicht unerhebliche Abweichungen auf. Es wird daher eine neue Berechnung der Stationsentfernungen durchgeführt und die Laufzeitkurve neu bestimmt (v= 5,66 km/sec).
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; TOH 300 ; Seismische Wellen {Geophysik} ; Wechselwellen ; Vorläuferwellen ; Erdbeben ; Erdrinde ; Laufzeiten ; Oppaubeben 1921 ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Die wichtigeren Erdbeben des Jahres 1924 und ihre Bearbeitung (2020)
    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Göttingen
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Der vorliegende Katalog der seismischen Registrierungen des Jahres 1924 gibt nicht, wie frühere Kataloge, eine vollständige Übersicht über die von den seismischen Stationen aufgezeichneten Beben, sondern er enthält nur diejenigen Beben, die für Arbeiten über Laufzeitkurven in Betracht kommen. Der erste Teil des Kataloges, „Verzeichnis der stärkeren seismischen Registrierungen“ ist eine Zusammenstellung der Beben, bei denen nach dem Umfange des Stationsmaterials eine mikroseismische Bestimmung des Epizentrums und der Stoßzeit im Epizentrum möglich schien. Wenn sich im Laufe der Untersuchung herausstellte, dass das Material für eine exakte Bearbeitung unzureichend war, wurde für das betreffende Beben nur eine Übersicht über die Einsatzzeiten der Vorläuferwellen gegeben und es wurden dabei die Stationen nach den Einsatzzeiten des ersten Vorläufers geordnet. Für die bearbeiteten Beben enthält der erste Teil die genauen Herdkoordinaten, die Stoßzeit im Epizentrum und Angaben über die verwendeten Methoden zur Epizentralbestimmung. Im zweiten Teil, „Bearbeitung der gut ausgeprägten seismischen Registrierungen“ wurden nur diejenigen Beben aufgeführt, bei denen sich auf Grund des mikroseismischen Beobachtungsmaterials eine genaue Lokalisierung des Bebenherdes durchführen ließ. Die Tabellen enthalten die Stationen nach den aus den Koordinaten von Epizentrum und Station berechneten Herdentfernungen geordnet, sowie die Einsatzzeiten des ersten und zweiten Vorläufers, der Hauptwellen und die Lage des Maximums. Ebenso wurden alle weiteren Angaben über die Art des Einsatzes (e oder i), Periode und Amplitude der einzelnen Phasen eingetragen. Für die Bearbeitung der Nahbeben wurden die Laufzeitkurven von Mohorovičić zugrunde gelegt und zur Kennzeichnung der „individuellen“ Phasen P und S die Einsatzzeiten dieser Phasen in den Tabellen überstrichen. Für die Bestimmung der Fernbeben diente die Jenaer mittlere Laufzeitkurve als Grundlage. Das für einige Beben vorhandene makroseismische Material wurde bei der Bestimmung des Epizentrums berücksichtigt. Zur Prüfung der verwendeten Laufzeitkurven wurden für jede Station die Abweichungen der beobachteten Laufzeiten von der Laufzeitkurve berechnet.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Häufigkeit und Verbreitung von Erdbeben {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben 1924 ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Das Einsturzbeben in Thüringen vom 28. Jan. 1926 (2020)
    Gustav Fischer Verlag
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Am Donnerstag den 28. Januar 1926 um 5 Uhr 58 Min. MEZ nachmittags erschütterte ein Erdbeben mäßiger Stärke den östlichen Teil des Thüringer Beckens, die sogenannte Saaleplatte zwischen Saale und Elster; am kräftigsten wirkte es in Stadtroda. Seismometrisch registriert wurde es zu Jena (Epizentralentfernung ∆ = 13 km), Plauen (∆ = 50 km), Leipzig (∆ = 73 km) und Göttingen (∆ = 146 km), am zuletzt genannten Orte allerdings nur noch mit dem zweitausendfach vergrößernden Siebzehntonnenpendel von WIECHERT. Trotz der Unbedeutendheit dieses Bebens erschien seine Untersuchung geboten, um so mehr als Erdbeben thüringischen Ursprunges zu den Seltenheiten gehören.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; TOH 700 ; TOH 910 ; TSB 219 ; VEB 219 ; Erdbebenwirkungen und Erdbeben-Engineering {Geophysik} ; Europa {Seismologie} ; Thüringen {Geophysik} ; Thüringen {Geologie} ; Erdbeben ; Isoseistenkarte ; Erdbeben 1926 ; Einsturzbeben ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: anthology_digi
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    How well does known seismicity between the Lower Rhine Graben and southern North Sea reflect future earthquake activity? (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Since the 14th century, moderate seismic activity with 14 earthquakes of magnitude MW≥5.0 occurred in Western Europe in a region extending from the Lower Rhine Graben (LRG) to the southern North Sea. In this paper, we investigate how well this seismic activity could reflect that of the future. The observed earthquake activity in the LRG is continuous and concentrates on the Quaternary normal faults delimiting the LRG, which are also the source of large surface rupturing Holocene and Late Pleistocene earthquakes. The estimated magnitudes of these past earthquakes range from 6.3±0.3 to 7.0±0.3 while their average recurrence on individual faults varies from ten thousand to a few ten thousand years, which makes foreseeing future activity over the long-term possible. Three of the largest historical earthquakes with MW≥5.5 occurred outside the LRG. Late Quaternary activity along the fault zones suspected to be the source of two of these earthquakes, i.e. the 1580 Strait of Dover and 1692 northern Belgian Ardennes earthquakes, is very elusive if it exists. Hence, similar earthquakes would be very infrequent at these locations suggesting that the seismicity outside of the LRG would be episodic and clustered on some faults during periods of a few hundreds of years interrupted by long periods of inactivity typically lasting for some tens to hundreds of thousand years. Seismic moment release estimation and its comparison between recent geological and historical seismicity periods lead us to suggest that the high seismicity level observed between AD 1350 and AD 1700 west of the LRG would be uncommon.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Seismicity ; Earthquake ; Fault zone ; Historical earthquake ; Holocene ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
    Format: 20
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The earthquake of September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): a real, doubtful, or fake event? (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the weekly newspaper of Osnabrück (Germany) of November 3, 1770, a report about a local earthquake was published. Pastor Buck described ground motion effects in the manor ‘Haus Horst’, 1.5 km away from the village of Alfhausen: ‘roof tiles rattled, a chimney fell down, inside the house the top of a stove was overturned, abraded chalk trickled down in all rooms; in the nearby villages, people felt the shaking, and especially the churches suffered noticeably’. The epicentral intensity was estimated to VII (MSK) by Ahorner et al. (1970), but later modified to VI (EMS) by Meier & Grünthal (1992) considering Buck’s report in detail. Since this event is the only documented earthquake in this region, a reliable characterization of its parameters is important. Our re-examination reveals that some reported effects are quite contradictory. Contrary to Buck’s statement, no documents of damages on churches or costs of repairs could be found in the parish registers. As a result, the event appears to be a tectonic earthquake with an epicenter at Alfhausen / Haus Horst. Applying intensity-attenuation relationships, a revised value of the epicentral intensity of I_0≤V (EMS-98) with a focal depth of z≥2 km was derived. A cavity collapse due to leaching processes as a cause of the effects can be ruled out here. However, several details given in the primary source turned out to be unrealistic or at least exaggerated. The tectonic earthquake on September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen should be classified therefore as uncertain or even doubtful.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Lower Saxony ; historical earthquake ; macroseismic intensity ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
    Format: 17
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Paleoseismic Database of Germany and Adjacent Regions PalSeisDB v1.0 (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Central Europe is an intraplate domain which is characterized by low to moderate seismicity with records of larger seismic events occurring in historical and recent times. These records of seismicity are restricted to just over one thousand years. This does not reflect the long seismic cycles in Central Europe which are expected to be in the order of tens of thousands of years. Therefore, we have developed a paleoseismic database (PalSeisDB) that documents the records of paleoseismic evidence (trenches, soft-sediment deformation, mass movements, etc.) and extends the earthquake record to at least one seismic cycle. It is intended to serve as one important basis for future seismic hazard assessments. In the compilation of PalSeisDB, paleoseismic evidence features are documented at 129 different locations in the area of Germany and adjacent regions.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Paleoseismology ; Germany ; data base ; Paleoseismic evidence ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
    Format: 64
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Collecting macroseismic data in Germany by internet – an overview (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Current procedures to collect macroseismic data in Germany are diverse and scattered. At least 10 institutions collect macroseismic data by internet. Several institutes have a long tradition in seismology and have collected macroseismic data using paper forms for many decades. In addition, the responsibilities for geoscientific issues in Germany are a matter of the federal states and several of them have a state earthquake service. The only institution that automatically calculates and maps intensities online in near real time is Erdbebenstation Bensberg in cooperation with the Royal Observatory of Belgium. Baden-Württemberg uses a short form internet questionnaire at the moment. 5 state earthquake services (Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen) have implemented the standard German earthquake questionnaire (Kaiser 2014) which is adapted from the standard questionnaire developed by the ESC Working Group on Internet Macroseismology published by Musson & Cecić (2012). Most institutions express their strong need to implement standard procedures for automatic intensity assignment and a standard format for the exchange of questionnaire responses. References Kaiser, D. (2014): Der neue einheitliche Erdbeben-Fragebogen. Mitteilungen / Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft, 2/2014, 29-33. Musson, R. M. W. & Cecić, I. (2012): Intensity and Intensity Scales. In: New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2).- Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 1-41; Potsdam. doi:10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_ch12
    Description: lecture
    Keywords: 551.22 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Macroseismology ; macroseismic survey ; macroseismic data ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: conferencePaper
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relationships to Estimate the Magnitude Ms of Historical Earthquakes in Europe from Macroseismic Observations (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: We develop empirical relationships between the surface wave magnitude MS and macroseismic data, i.e. the epicentral intensity I0, isoseismal radii R(I) of different intensities I and the focal depth h. The basis of this study is formed by carefully selected instrumental parts (since 1900) of 2 earthquake catalogues: Kárník 1996 (Europe and the Mediterranean), and Shebalin et al. 1998 (Central and Eastern Europe). We use the orthogonal regression because we presume that all parameters are in error and because it has the advantage to provide a reversible regression equation. From Shebalin et al.1998 catalogue we obtain MS = 0.65 I0 + 1.90 log(h) – 1.62 with equivalent error δMS = ±0.21. In order to establish a relationship between MS and isoseismal radii we apply a theoretically based model which takes into account both exponential decay and geometrical spreading. From Shebalin et al. 1998catalogue we find MS = 0.673 I + 2.44 log (S(I)) + 0.00163 S(I) – 2.48 with δMS = ±0.28. Here I is the macroseismic intensity (I = 3…9) of the isoseismal in the focal distance S(I) [km]. Kárník 1996 gives isoseismal radii for I = 3 and 5. We obtain: MS = 0.808 I + 2.84 log (S(I)) + 0.00190 S(I) – 3.71 with δMS = ±0.65. These equations make possible reliably estimates of MS . We recommend them for application. The use of high quality data only as input in the regression analysis provides reliable relationships to estimate magnitudes. The magnitude estimation of a historical earthquake from the epicentral intensity gives reliable results only if the focal depth is known well enough. The relationship using isoseismal radii is of greater practical importance as it allows more reliable magnitude estimations of historical earthquakes. We observe regional variations in the relationships which need further investigation.
    Description: poster
    Keywords: 551.22 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; surface wave magnitude ; macroseismic intensity ; orthogonal regression ; historical earthquakes ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: conferencePaper
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Best practice of macroseismic intensity assessment applied to the earthquake catalogue of southwestern Germany (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The earthquake catalogue of southwestern Germany for the last millennium now contains about 30,000 digital macroseismic intensity data points (IDPs). Intensity assessments are based mainly on primary sources using the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS). The article describes a guideline for best practice of conventional macroseismic evaluation in application to historical and modern-time earthquakes in SW-Germany. Suitability of various diagnostics for intensity assessment is discussed. Assumptions to estimate damage grades and vulnerability classes of buildings are presented. Data restrictions and treatment of special cases are outlined. Further topics are quantification of uncertainties and IDP quality as well as substitutes for intensity. An essential task is to bridge the gap between information from historical sources and seismological needs for use in the earthquake catalogue, thus all issues have a focus on historical earthquakes. Questions of completeness, subjectivity, transparency, and interdisciplinary work are addressed also. Special emphasis is given to a well balanced use of the EMS scale throughout all time periods leading to consistent assessments in the catalogue.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; macroseismic intensity ; earthquake catalogue ; European Macroseismic Scale ; damage grade ; vulnerability class ; historical earthquakes ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
    Format: 29
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Formation and maintenance of subsiding shells around non‐precipitating and precipitating cumulus clouds (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: A shell of subsiding air is generally known to develop around cumulus clouds and shield them from their environment. We seek here to improve our understanding of such shells by (a) revealing the detailed vertical and horizontal structure of shells surrounding both shallow and deeper clouds, and (b) identifying the mechanisms responsible for in‐shell subsidence generation and maintenance. To that end, a high‐resolution Cloud Resolving Model simulation of the shallow‐to‐deep convection transition over a tropical land surface is analysed with an emphasis on the cloud's near environment. Shells surrounding shallow and deep clouds are found to possess surprisingly similar characteristics. However important differences are observed near cloud top where the deepest clouds are associated with stronger subsidence and broader shells. In the convective outflow region, stronger in‐shell subsidence coincides with strong buoyancy reversal, but also with strong pressure gradients naturally generated by cloud‐top vortex dynamics. A more delicate balance between various processes takes place below, and in‐shell subsidence is only barely sustained as buoyancy reversal is largely compensated by pressure gradients. Finally, while evaporation is clearly the main source of buoyancy reversal everywhere around cloud edges, it is also shown that the downward transport of warmer air from aloft through the subsiding shells may compensate for evaporative cooling to slowly bring in‐shell buoyancy to a near‐neutral state. Overall, while it cannot be denied that evaporative cooling and buoyancy reversal play important roles in generating and sustaining in‐shell subsidence, the present results also emphasise that mechanical forcing at cloud top and downward transport within the shells should not be overlooked.
    Description: Narrow “shells” of subsiding air generally form around cumulus clouds, but the mechanisms responsible for their formation and maintenance are still debated. In this study, the dynamics of these shells is investigated using a high‐resolution simulation of idealized tropical convection. It is shown that in‐shell subsiding motions are generally driven by buoyancy reversal. However, mechanical forcing contributes at least equally at the top of all convective clouds. In addition, it is found that buoyancy reversal due to evaporative cooling may be offset by the downward transport of warmer air from aloft through the subsiding shells.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; cloud dynamics ; near‐cloud environment ; subsiding shells ; tropical convection
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An application of WKBJ theory for triad interactions of internal gravity waves in varying background flows (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: Motivated by the question of whether and how wave–wave interactions should be implemented into atmospheric gravity‐wave parametrizations, the modulation of triadic gravity‐wave interactions by a slowly varying and vertically sheared mean flow is considered for a non‐rotating Boussinesq fluid with constant stratification. An analysis using a multiple‐scale WKBJ (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys) expansion identifies two distinct scaling regimes, a linear off‐resonance regime, and a nonlinear near‐resonance regime. Simplifying the near‐resonance interaction equations allows for the construction of a parametrization for the triadic energy exchange which has been implemented into a one‐dimensional WKBJ ray‐tracing code. Theory and numerical implementation are validated for test cases where two wave trains generate a third wave train while spectrally passing through resonance. In various settings, of interacting vertical wavenumbers, mean‐flow shear, and initial wave amplitudes, the WKBJ simulations are generally in good agreement with wave‐resolving simulations. Both stronger mean‐flow shear and smaller wave amplitudes suppress the energy exchange among a resonantly interacting triad. Experiments with mean‐flow shear as strong as in the vicinity of atmospheric jets suggest that internal gravity‐wave dynamics are dominated in such regions by wave modulation. However, triadic gravity‐wave interactions are likely to be relevant in weakly sheared regions of the atmosphere.
    Description: This study explores wave–wave interactions of modulated internal gravity waves (GWs) in varying background flows using WKBJ techniques. The resulting ray‐tracing model (b) is compared to wave‐resolving LES (a). As a key result, we find that wave modulation partially suppresses the energy exchange in triadic GW interactions, and thus triadic GW interactions are likely to be relevant in weakly sheared regions of the atmosphere.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG) US National Science Foundation
    Keywords: 551.5 ; internal gravity waves ; parametrization ; ray‐tracing ; triadic wave–wave interaction ; wave modulation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Water temperature control on CO2 flux and evaporation over a subtropical seagrass meadow revealed by atmospheric eddy covariance (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Subtropical seagrass meadows play a major role in the coastal carbon cycle, but the nature of air–water CO2 exchanges over these ecosystems is still poorly understood. The complex physical forcing of air–water exchange in coastal waters challenges our ability to quantify bulk exchanges of CO2 and water (evaporation), emphasizing the need for direct measurements. We describe the first direct measurements of evaporation and CO2 flux over a calcifying seagrass meadow near Bob Allen Keys, Florida. Over the 78‐d study, CO2 emissions were 36% greater during the day than at night, and the site was a net CO2 source to the atmosphere of 0.27 ± 0.17 μmol m−2 s−1 (x̅ ± standard deviation). A quarter (23%) of the diurnal variability in CO2 flux was caused by the effect of changing water temperature on gas solubility. Furthermore, evaporation rates were ~ 10 times greater than precipitation, causing a 14% increase in salinity, a potential precursor of seagrass die‐offs. Evaporation rates were not correlated with solar radiation, but instead with air–water temperature gradient and wind shear. We also confirm the role of convective forcing on night‐time enhancement and day‐time suppression of gas transfer. At this site, temperature trends are regulated by solar heating, combined with shallow water depth and relatively consistent air temperature. Our findings indicate that evaporation and air–water CO2 exchange over shallow, tropical, and subtropical seagrass ecosystems may be fundamentally different than in submerged vegetated environments elsewhere, in part due to the complex physical forcing of coastal air–sea gas transfer.
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Description: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Florida ; Bob Allen Keys ; seagrass meadows ; air–water CO2 exchanges ; biometeorological measurements
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    SAD: Verifying the scale, anisotropy and direction of precipitation forecasts (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: One important attribute of meteorological forecasts is their representation of spatial structures. While several existing verification methods explicitly measure a structure error, they mostly produce a single value with no simple interpretation. Extending a recently developed wavelet‐based verification method, this study separately evaluates the predicted spatial scale, orientation and degree of anisotropy. The scale component has been rigorously tested in previous work and is known to assess the quality of a forecast similar to other, established methods. However, directional aspects of spatial structure are less frequently considered in the verification literature. Since important weather phenomena related to fronts, coastlines and orography have distinctly anisotropic signatures, their representation in meteorological models is clearly of interest. The ability of the new wavelet approach to accurately evaluate directional properties is demonstrated using idealized and realistic test cases from the MesoVICT project. A comparison of precipitation forecasts from several forecasting systems reveals that errors in scale and direction can occur independently and should be treated as separate aspects of forecast quality. In a final step, we use the inverse wavelet transform to define a simple post‐processing algorithm that corrects the structural errors. The procedure improves visual similarity with the observations, as well as the objective scores.
    Description: Forecasts of precipitation fields are difficult to evaluate due to their complex, intermittent spatial structure. The SAD forecast verification method uses wavelets to compare the scale (colours in the top row), anisotropy (bottom, arrow length) and preferred direction (bottom, arrow angles) of simulated and observed fields. The new approach is successfully tested using data from the MesoVICT community project.
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Keywords: 551.5 ; MesoVICT ; precipitation forecasts ; structure error ; verification ; wavelets
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatiotemporal Variability of the Southern Annular Mode and its Influence on Antarctic Surface Temperatures (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the predominant atmospheric variability mode in the Southern Hemisphere. In this paper, we present the spatial variability results of the SAM pattern for the period 1979–2018. The SAM‐intrinsic pattern variability analysis is based on the principal component analysis (PCA), which is carried out for the ERA‐Interim 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) data set. A spatiotemporally resolved data set of SAM pattern maps (PCA loadings) is derived by projecting monthly shifted sub‐sequences of SAM index values (PCA scores) on the corresponding GPH anomalies. The dominant SAM structure within single pattern fields is mapped automatically and can be interpreted as the Southern Hemisphere polar front. This data set allows an analysis of the geographical positions of the characteristic circumpolar SAM structure over four decades and shows considerable variability over space and time. Five different states of SAM patterns, which are associated with characteristic circulation anomalies during different phases of the study period, are identified. Station‐based Antarctic temperature anomalies can be synoptically explained by these circulation anomalies. The overall latitudinal trend of the SAM pattern indicates an intensification of the meridional structure, especially over the East Antarctic Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we show that the SAM pattern variability is significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Composites of 500 hPa GPH anomalies during the positive and negative phases of the respective indices indicate teleconnections with Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and this can explain latitudinal trends of the SAM pattern.
    Description: Key Points: We present a new approach to examine the spatiotemporal Southern Annular Mode pattern variability. Station‐based Antarctic temperature anomalies are related to different structures of the Southern Annular Mode. The trend pattern shows an increasing meridional structure and correlations with Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal oscillations.
    Description: DLR Management Board: Young Investigator Group Leader Program
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Southern Annular Mode ; SAM pattern variability ; Antarctic circulation variability ; Antarctic station temperature ; PDO ; AMO
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Influence of Radiation on Evaporation Rates: A Numerical Analysis (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: We present a fully coupled soil‐atmosphere model that includes radiation in the energy balance of the coupling conditions between the two domains. The model is able to describe evaporation processes under the influence of turbulence, surface roughness, and soil heterogeneities and focuses specifically on the influence of radiation on the mass and energy transport across the soil‐atmosphere interface. It is shown that evaporation rates are clearly dominated by the diurnal cycle of solar irradiance. During Stage‐I evaporation maximum temperatures are regulated due to evaporative cooling, but after a transition into Stage‐II evaporation, temperatures rise tremendously. We compare two different soil types, a coarser, sandy soil and a finer, silty soil, and analyze evaporation rates, surface temperatures, and net radiation for three different wind conditions. The influence of surface undulations on radiation and evaporation is analyzed and shows that radiation can lead to different local drying patterns in the hills and the valleys of the porous medium, depending on the height of the undulations and on the direction of the Sun. At last a comparison of lysimeter measurement data to the numerical examples shows a good match for measured and calculated radiation values but evaporation rates are still overestimated in the model. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between measurement and model data are analyzed and are found to be uncertainties about the parameters close to the interface, which are decisive for determining evaporation rates.
    Description: Key Points: We demonstrate the influence of radiation on evaporation rates. The influence of surface undulations on radiation and evaporation is analyzed. Comparison with experimental data shows the importance of interface processes.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.5 ; fully coupled soil‐atmosphere model ; evaporation and radiation ; turbulence
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Clouds, radiation, and atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate and under climate change (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: By interacting with radiation, clouds modulate the flow of energy through the Earth system, the circulation of the atmosphere, and regional climate. We review the impact of cloud‐radiation interactions for the atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate, its internal variability and its response to climate change. After summarizing cloud‐controlling factors and cloud‐radiative effects, we clarify the scope and limits of the Clouds On‐Off Klimate Model Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) and cloud‐locking modeling methods. COOKIE showed that the presence of cloud‐radiative effects shapes the circulation in the present‐day climate in many important ways, including the width of the tropical rain belts and the position of the extratropical storm tracks. Cloud locking, in contrast, identified how clouds affect internal variability and the circulation response to global warming. This includes strong, but model‐dependent, shortwave and longwave cloud impacts on the El‐Nino Southern Oscillation, and the finding that most of the poleward circulation expansion in response to global warming can be attributed to radiative changes in clouds. We highlight the circulation impact of shortwave changes from low‐level clouds and longwave changes from rising high‐level clouds, and the contribution of these cloud changes to model differences in the circulation response to global warming. The review in particular draws attention to the role of cloud‐radiative heating within the atmosphere. We close by raising some open questions which, among others, concern the need for studying the cloud impact on regional scales and opportunities created by the next generation of global storm‐resolving models. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling 〉 Knowledge Generation with Models
    Description: Clouds interact with radiation. We review the role of cloud‐radiation interactions in shaping the atmospheric circulation and thus regional climate and climate change. Figure from Blue Marble Collection of NASA Visible Earth.
    Description: U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological & Environmental Research
    Description: U.S. National Science Foundation
    Description: NERC CIRCULATES project
    Description: FONA: Research for Sustainable Development
    Description: German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551.5 ; circulation ; climate and climate change ; clouds ; global models ; radiation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Impact of Volcanic Aerosols on the Hydrology of the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies‐Dominated Subregions: Comparison of Proxy and Multimodel Ensemble Means (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Proxy‐model comparisons show large discrepancies in the impact of volcanic aerosols on the hydrology of the Asian monsoon region (AMR). This was mostly imputed to uncertainties arising from the use of a single model in previous studies. Here we compare two groups of CMIP5 multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) with the tree‐ring‐based reconstruction Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA PDSI), to examine their reliability in reproducing the hydrological effects of the volcanic eruptions in 1300–1850 CE. Time series plots indicate that the MADA PDSI and the MMEMs agree on the significant drying effect of volcanic perturbation over the monsoon‐dominated subregion, while disparities exist over the westerlies‐dominated subregion. Comparisons of the spatial patterns suggest that the MADA PDSI and the MMEMs show better agreement 1 year after the volcanic eruption than in the eruption year and in subregions where more tree‐ring chronologies are available. The MADA PDSI and the CMIP5 MMEMs agree on the drying effect of volcanic eruptions in western‐East Asia, South Asian summer monsoon, and northern East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) regions. Model results suggest significant wetting effect in southern EASM and western‐South Asia, which agrees with the observed hydrological response to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. Analysis on model output from the Last Millennium Ensemble project shows similar hydrological responses. These results suggest that the CMIP5 MMEM is able to reproduce the impact of volcanic eruptions on the hydrology of the southern AMR.
    Description: Key Points: Proxy and multimodel ensemble means agree (disagree) on post volcanic hydro‐responses over the Asian monsoon (westerlies)‐dominated subregion. Better agreement of spatial hydrological patterns is suggested 1 year after the eruption and in subregions with more tree‐ring data. Multimodel ensemble means can reproduce the hydrological response to volcanic perturbations in the southern Asian monsoon region.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; volcanic aerosol ; monsoon‐dominated subregion ; westerlies‐dominated subregion ; proxy data ; multimodel ensemble mean ; hydrological index
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Machine Learning‐Based Prediction of Spatiotemporal Uncertainties in Global Wind Velocity Reanalyses (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The characterization of uncertainties in geophysical quantities is an important task with widespread applications for time series prediction, numerical modeling, and data assimilation. In this context, machine learning is a powerful tool for estimating complex patterns and their evolution through time. Here, we utilize a supervised machine learning approach to dynamically predict the spatiotemporal uncertainty of near‐surface wind velocities over the ocean. A recurrent neural network (RNN) is trained with reanalyzed 10 m wind velocities and corresponding precalculated uncertainty estimates during the 2012–2016 time period. Afterward, the neural network's performance is examined by analyzing its prediction for the subsequent year 2017. Our experiments show that a recurrent neural network can capture the globally prevalent wind regimes without prior knowledge about underlying physics and learn to derive wind velocity uncertainty estimates that are only based on wind velocity trajectories. At single training locations, the RNN‐based wind uncertainties closely match with the true reference values, and the corresponding intra‐annual variations are reproduced with high accuracy. Moreover, the neural network can predict global lateral distribution of uncertainties with small mismatch values after being trained only at a few isolated locations in different dynamic regimes. The presented approach can be combined with numerical models for a cost‐efficient generation of ensemble simulations or with ensemble‐based data assimilation to sample and predict dynamically consistent error covariance information of atmospheric boundary forcings.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Machine learning is increasingly used for a wide range of applications in geosciences. In this study, we use an artificial neural network in the context of time series prediction. In particular, the goal is to use a neural network for learning spatial and temporal uncertainties that are associated with globally estimated wind velocities. Three well‐known wind velocity products are used for the time period 2012–2016 in different training, validation, and prediction scenarios. Our experiments show that a neural network can learn the prevailing global wind regimes and associate these with corresponding uncertainty estimates. Such a trained neural network can be used for different applications, for example, a cost‐efficient generation of ensemble simulations or for improving traditional data assimilation schemes.
    Description: Key Points: A recurrent neural network is set up to predict spatiotemporal uncertainties in wind velocity reanalyses. Global uncertainty maps can be derived from only few individual training locations. This method has benefits for time series prediction, ensemble simulations, and data assimilation.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; wind velocity ; atmospheric reanalysis ; ensemble simulation ; data assimilation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Probabilistic Models Significantly Reduce Uncertainty in Hurricane Harvey Pluvial Flood Loss Estimates (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-22
    Description: Pluvial flood risk is mostly excluded in urban flood risk assessment. However, the risk of pluvial flooding is a growing challenge with a projected increase of extreme rainstorms compounding with an ongoing global urbanization. Considered as a flood type with minimal impacts when rainfall rates exceed the capacity of urban drainage systems, the aftermath of rainfall‐triggered flooding during Hurricane Harvey and other events show the urgent need to assess the risk of pluvial flooding. Due to the local extent and small‐scale variations, the quantification of pluvial flood risk requires risk assessments on high spatial resolutions. While flood hazard and exposure information is becoming increasingly accurate, the estimation of losses is still a poorly understood component of pluvial flood risk quantification. We use a new probabilistic multivariable modeling approach to estimate pluvial flood losses of individual buildings, explicitly accounting for the associated uncertainties. Except for the water depth as the common most important predictor, we identified the drivers for having loss or not and for the degree of loss to be different. Applying this approach to estimate and validate building structure losses during Hurricane Harvey using a property level data set, we find that the reliability and dispersion of predictive loss distributions vary widely depending on the model and aggregation level of property level loss estimates. Our results show that the use of multivariable zero‐inflated beta models reduce the 90% prediction intervalsfor Hurricane Harvey building structure loss estimates on average by 78% (totalling U.S.$3.8 billion) compared to commonly used models.
    Description: Key Points Recent severe pluvial flood events highlight the need to integrate pluvial flooding in urban flood risk assessment Probabilistic models provide reliable estimation of pluvial flood loss across spatial scales Beta distribution model reduces the 90% prediction interval for Hurricane Harvey building loss by U.S.$3.8 billion or 78%
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Description: NSF GRFP
    Description: Fulbright Doctoral Program
    Keywords: 551.5 ; pluvial flooding ; loss modeling ; urban flooding ; probabilistic ; Hurricane Harvey ; climate change adaptation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Network in Peru: System Description and Initial Results (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region is dominated globally by dynamics at various scales: planetary waves, tides, gravity waves, and stratified turbulence. The latter two can coexist and be significant at horizontal scales less than 500 km, scales that are difficult to measure. This study presents a recently deployed multistatic specular meteor radar system, SIMONe Peru, which can be used to observe these scales. The radars are positioned at and around the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, which is located at the magnetic equator. Besides presenting preliminary results of typically reported large‐scale features, like the dominant diurnal tide at low latitudes, we show results on selected days of spatially and temporally resolved winds obtained with two methods based on: (a) estimation of mean wind and their gradients (gradient method), and (b) an inverse theory with Tikhonov regularization (regularized wind field inversion method). The gradient method allows improved MLT vertical velocities and, for the first time, low‐latitude wind field parameters such as horizontal divergence and relative vorticity. The regularized wind field inversion method allows the estimation of spatial structure within the observed area and has the potential to outperform the gradient method, in particular when more detections are available or when fine adaptive tuning of the regularization factor is done. SIMONe Peru adds important information at low latitudes to currently scarce MLT continuous observing capabilities. Results contribute to studies of the MLT dynamics at different scales inherently connected to lower atmospheric forcing and E‐region dynamo related ionospheric variability.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region is dominated by neutral wind dynamics with structure scales ranging from a few thousands of kilometers down to a few kilometers. In this work, we present a new state‐of‐the‐art ground‐based radar system using multistatic meteor scattering that allows tomographic studies of MLT wind dynamics at scales not possible before. Given the location of the radar network at the magnetic equator, its focus is on wind dynamics peculiar to equatorial latitudes. Two methods for estimating the mesospheric neutral wind field are used. One takes into account wind gradients in addition to mean wind (gradient method). The other estimates a spatially resolved wind vector field and uses an additional mathematical constraint that produces smooth wind field solutions (regularized wind field inversion method). Using the gradient method, the vertical wind estimate is improved. For the first time at MLT equatorial latitudes, parameters familiar to meteorologists, such as horizontal divergence and relative vorticity are obtained. Measurements from this new system have the potential to contribute to coupling studies of the atmosphere and the ionosphere at low latitudes.
    Description: Key Points: Measurements of horizontal wind gradients at low‐latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere altitudes. These gradients of the horizontal winds show strong temporal and altitude variability that are not observed at high latitudes. Improved vertical winds are obtained using a gradient wind field method inherently free from horizontal divergence contamination.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: NSF, Directorate for Geosciences (GEO) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000085
    Keywords: 551.5 ; low latitude mesosphere ; MLT dynamics ; MLT horizontal divergence ; MLT vorticity ; multistatic radar observations ; vertical velocity
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A cold pool perturbation scheme to improve convective initiation in convection‐permitting models (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: Cold pools originate from evaporation in precipitating downdraughts and spread as density currents at the surface. Vertical motion at the leading edge of the cold pool is an important trigger for new convective cells in organised convective storms. However, these motions are poorly resolved at the grid lengths of a kilometre or more used in convection‐permitting models. Consequently, the simulated gust fronts do not trigger enough new convection, leading to precipitation deficits and a lack of convective organization. To address these deficits, we introduce a cold pool perturbation (CPP) scheme that strengthens vertical velocity at the simulated cold pool gust fronts. This is achieved by relaxing the vertical velocity in the gust front region towards a target value derived from similarity theory. Applying the CPP scheme for simulations of a highly convective 10‐day period, we find increased precipitation amplitudes during the afternoon. There is also evidence for improvements in the location of precipitation and for stronger organization of convection, although substantial errors remain. The cold pools themselves become more frequent, larger and more intense. An additional potentially beneficial influence was found for convective initiation at sea breeze fronts.
    Description: We develop a cold pool perturbation scheme which strengthens the too weak vertical velocities at cold pool gust fronts in convection‐permitting models. In so doing, cold‐pool‐driven convective initiation is enhanced and simulated precipitation improved.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; cold pools ; convective organization ; deep convection ; density currents ; gust fronts
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    3D Local Earthquake Tomography of the Ecuadorian Margin in the Source Area of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales Earthquake (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Based on manually analyzed waveforms recorded by the permanent Ecuadorian network and our large aftershock deployment installed after the Pedernales earthquake, we derive three‐dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs structures and earthquake locations for central coastal Ecuador using local earthquake tomography. Images highlight the features in the subducting and overriding plates down to 35 km depth. Vp anomalies (∼4.5–7.5 km/s) show the roughness of the incoming oceanic crust (OC). Vp/Vs varies from ∼1.75 to ∼1.94, averaging a value of 1.82 consistent with terranes of oceanic nature. We identify a low Vp (∼5.5 km/s) region extending along strike, in the marine forearc. To the North, we relate this low Vp and Vp/Vs (〈1.80) region to a subducted seamount that might be part of the Carnegie Ridge (CR). To the South, the low Vp region is associated with high Vp/Vs (〉1.85) which we interpret as deeply fractured, probably hydrated OC caused by the CR being subducted. These features play an important role in controlling the seismic behavior of the margin. While subducted seamounts might contribute to the nucleation of intermediate megathrust earthquakes in the northern segment, the CR seems to be the main feature controlling the seismicity in the region by promoting creeping and slow slip events offshore that can be linked to the updip limit of large megathrust earthquakes in the northern segment and the absence of them in the southern region over the instrumental period.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Using seismic data recorded by the permanent Ecuadorian network and the large emergency installation after the 2016 Pedernales earthquake, we obtained the seismic velocity structure together with precise earthquake locations for the coastal Ecuadorian margin. Our images highlight the heterogeneities of the subduction zone affected by seamounts and ridges comprising the oceanic crust. These features play an important role in controlling the seismic behavior of the margin. While seamounts can contribute to the occurrence of intermediate (M ∼ 7–7.5) megathrust earthquakes in the north, the Carnegie Ridge seems to be the main feature controlling the seismicity in the region by promoting creeping and slow slip events offshore that can be linked to the updip limit of large megathrust earthquakes in the northern segment and the absence of them in the southern region.
    Description: Key Points: 3D Vp and Vp/Vs models were calculated using local earthquake tomography in the region affected by the 2016 Pedernales, Ecuador earthquake Tomographic images highlight the heterogeneities of the margin affected by seamounts and ridges comprising the oceanic crust Carnegie Ridge seems the main feature controlling the seismic activity and the offshore extent of large megathrust earthquakes in the region
    Description: IGEPN
    Description: IRD
    Description: INSU‐CNRS
    Description: ANR
    Description: NERC
    Description: IRIS PASSCAL and NSF RAPID Program Award
    Description: ANID under Programa Formación de Capital Humano Avanzado, Becas Chile
    Description: UCA/JEDI project
    Keywords: 551.22 ; aftershocks ; Ecuador ; megathrust earthquake ; seismic tomography ; subduction zone ; velocity structure
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Das mitteleuropäische Erdbeben vom 16. November 1911 (2020)
    Gustav Fischer Verlag
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Unter den geschichtlich bekannten Erdbeben Deutschlands nimmt dasjenige vom 16. November 1911 die erste Stelle ein, namentlich im Hinblick auf die Größe des makroseismischen Schüttergebietes. Denn letzteres umfaßt den größten Teil des mitteleurOpäischen Gebirgslandes, ja geht sogar im Westen und Süden noch darüber hinaus. Seine mehr als 950 km lange Nord-Südachse reicht von Braunschweig bis Spezia an der Ligurischen Küste, und seine fast 1100 km lange West—Ostachse von der französischen Landschaft Berry bis zum Wiener Becken und bis an den Rand des Mährischen Gesenkes. Innerhalb des Schüttergebietes liegt das Epizentrum exzentrisch, um etwa 70 km gegen Westen verschoben. Der kleinste Epizentralabstand, gegen Nordwesten hin, d. h. senkrecht zum Streichen der ausgeprägtesten Bruchlinien und zum Streichen der Gesteine, beträgt sogar kaum 210 km, hingegen der größte, nach Nordosten, nicht weniger als 620 km.
    Description: report
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Europa {Seismologie} ; Deutschland {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben 1911 ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 106
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Beobachtungsverfahren und Apparaturen für sehr genaue relative Schwere- und Zeitmessungen (2020)
    Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:17
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Diese Abhandlung über Beobachtungsverfahren und Apparaturen für sehr genaue relative Schwere- und Zeitmessungen wurde teilweise vorgetragen in Potsdam auf der Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft im Sept. 1930 (MEISSER, MARTIN, GENGLER), in Kopenhagen auf der Tagung der Baltisch Geodätischen Kommission im Okt. 1930 (MEISSER) und in Dresden auf der Gauvereinstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jan. 1931 (MEISSER, MARTIN). Sie enthält die Beiträge "Pendel und Schwingungsdauer-Beobachtungsverfahren" von Otto Meisser, "Das photographische Koinzidenzverfahren und das Pendel als Zeitmesser" von Hans Martin sowie "Das freie Pendel als Zeitnormale äußerster Präzision" von Thomas Gengler.
    Description: report
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Schweremessung ; Zeitmessung ; Beobachtungsverfahren ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 177
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Die instrumentellen Aufzeichnungen des Erdbeben vom 26. Juni 1924 (2020)
    Gustav Fischer Verlag
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:16b
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die vorliegende Bearbeitung fasst die instrumentellen Aufzeichnungen zum Erdbeben vom 26. Juni 1926 zusammen. Dazu wurden von den seismischen Stationen die Originalkurven (O) oder Kopien (K) erbeten. Wo diese nicht zur Verfügung standen, wurden die Berichte (S. B.) und auch die Angaben im International Summary (I. S.) verwertet. In der folgenden Tabelle wurden die Stationen nach Herdentfernungen geordnet. Hinzugefügt wurden Angaben über die Instrumente und deren Konstanten, um einen Vergleich zwischen den einzelnen Registrierungen zu ermöglichen. Fehlten im Bericht die Konstanten, wurden mittlere Daten mitgeteilt, wie sie aus der Aufstellung im „Bulletin of the National Research Council Nr. 82“ hervorgehen. In den in 24 Tafeln zusammengestellten Wiedergaben der Seismogramme sind nach Möglichkeit die Stationen nach Herdentfernungen geordnet. Als Arbeitsmaterial enthalten die Kurven nur Angaben über die Zeiten, zur Erleichterung meist von 2 zu 2 Minuten hinzugesetzt, über die Richtung der Bodenbewegung, sowie in manchen Fällen auch über die einzelnen Instrumente. Es ist dann möglich, unabhängig von dieser Bearbeitung das Kurvenmaterial anderweitig zu verwerten. Andererseits aber erlaubt die genaue Zeiteinteilung bei den Kurven die im Teil I enthaltenen Auswertungen sehr bequem zu vergleichen.
    Description: report
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Signalanalyse {Seismologie} ; Australien, Ozeanien {Seismologie} ; Meeresräume {Seismologie} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben 1924 ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 9
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Beiträge zur erdbebenkundlichen Bautechnik und Bodenmechanik (2020)
    Reichsverlagsamt Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 MIN III, 8549:29
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Hinsichtlich der mechanischen Vorgänge bei der Zerstörung von Gebäuden durch Erdbeben herrscht noch wenig Klarheit, trotzdem der Wunsch nach Schaffung erdbebensicherer Bauwerke eine umfangreiche Literatur über erdbebenkundliche Bautechnik gezeitigt hat. Hauptgrund ist die weitverbreitete Meinung, für den vorliegenden Zweck erübrige sich die Untersuchung der Schwingungsvorgänge, vielmehr genüge die Berücksichtigung des ,,Erschütterungsgrades“, d. h. des Verhältnisses von Erdbebenbeschleunigung zu Erdbeschleunigung. Im Gegensatz hierzu halte ich als ehemaliger Architekt gerade die Schwingungsvorgänge in Boden und Bauwerk für unerläßlich, um brauchbare Einblicke in die mechanische Gebäudebeanspruchung zu gewinnen. Vorbedingung zum Beschreiten dieses Weges ist eine ausreichende Annäherung der Betrachtungsweise an die Wirklichkeit. Dementsprechend geht meine Versuchsreihe von folgenden Grundsätzen aus: 1. Die Erdbebenbewegung wird als Stoß und nicht mehr als harmonische Sinusschwingung aufgefaßt. 2. Bei Beurteilung von Verformungen des beanspruchten Gebäudes hört die Anwendbarkeit der Elastizitätstheorie mit dem Überschreiten der Festigkeitsgrenze für Material und Verband auf. Damit beginnt die bleibende Verformung. Zerreißungen im Verein mit Wackelschwingungen können zu Zufallsschäden führen, die unter Umständen den Anschein viel stärkerer Bodenerschütterungen erwecken, als tatsächlich vorlagen. 3. Die Feststellung des Grundsätzlichen bei der Beanspruchung von Gebäuden verzichtet auf unzulässige Vereinfachung der Schwingungsform verwickelter Bauwerke. Vielmehr werden einfachste Gebäudeformen in möglichst enger Anlehnung an die Wirklichkeit untersucht. Die Mannigfaltigkeit der gebräuchlichsten Baukonstruktionen in Holz, Stein, Beton und Fachwerk schafft durch Material, Gefüge und Verbandsfestigkeit höchst verschiedenartige Medien und damit Gesetzmäßigkeiten für die Wirkungen des Erdbebenstoßes. Mit der Untersuchung von Ziegelmauerwerk, einstweilen unter Beschränkung auf die qualitativen Vorgänge, wurde begonnen wegen der weiten Verbreitung dieser Bauweise. Die zusätzlichen Beanspruchungen durch Baugrundeinflüsse bleiben hier selbstverständlich unberücksichtigt.
    Description: report
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Erdbebenwirkungen und Erdbeben-Engineering {Geophysik} ; Erdbeben ; Bodenmechanik ; Bautechnik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 78
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Relationship between magnitude, macroseismic intensity and distance for induced earthquakes in Germany (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Induced earthquakes are of public concern and of legal significance if they are felt or if they cause damage. Models to describe the relation between macroseismic intensities, magnitude, and distance from the epicenter or hypocenter are therefore of fundamental importance. With the aim of developing such models for induced earthquakes in Germany, the following data were analyzed: The earthquake database for Germany GERSEIS contains parameters for ~180 induced seismic events with information on magnitude M and intensity I, of which 47 include information on mean isoseismal radii. In addition, the published macroseismic maps of seismic events in mining areas in Germany were evaluated. In Germany, earthquakes caused by mining with moderate to severe building damage (intensity 7 and 8) have so far only occurred in potash and salt mining. Slight building damage (intensity 6) has also been caused by seismic events in coal mining. Over the past 20 years, the frequency of felt earthquakes has increased in regions with natural gas production and in recent years also in regions of deep geothermal energy production. Focal depths show a large influence on the relationship between M and I. Intensity 5 has been observed for shallow (~1 km depth) events with magnitudes as small as ML=1.8. Simple models of the form I = a + b M + c log R, with R = hypocentral distance, can be fitted to the observations. Models for tectonic earthquakes do not fit for induced earthquakes; for induced earthquakes I is smaller for a given M and R. Major differences were found between different mining areas: In natural gas production areas intensity 5 effects were observed at greater hypocentral distances for a given magnitude, compared to coal and potash mining areas. Since macroseismic data (especially intensity data points) in Germany are available almost exclusively in analog form and are often difficult to access, it is necessary to establish a database for induced earthquakes with macroseismic data.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; induced earthquakes ; macroseismic intensity ; mining seismicity ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: conferencePaper
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Numerical impacts on tracer transport: A proposed intercomparison test of Atmospheric General Circulation Models (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: The transport of trace gases by the atmospheric circulation plays an important role in the climate system and its response to external forcing. Transport presents a challenge for Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs), as errors in both the resolved circulation and the numerical representation of transport processes can bias their abundance. In this study, two tests are proposed to assess transport by the dynamical core of an AGCM. To separate transport from chemistry, the tests focus on the age‐of‐air, an estimate of the mean transport time by the circulation. The tests assess the coupled stratosphere–troposphere system, focusing on transport by the overturning circulation and isentropic mixing in the stratosphere, or Brewer–Dobson Circulation, where transport time‐scales on the order of months to years provide a challenging test of model numerics. Four dynamical cores employing different numerical schemes (finite‐volume, pseudo‐spectral, and spectral‐element) and discretizations (cubed sphere versus latitude–longitude) are compared across a range of resolutions. The subtle momentum balance of the tropical stratosphere is sensitive to model numerics, and the first intercomparison reveals stark differences in tropical stratospheric winds, particularly at high vertical resolution: some cores develop westerly jets and others easterly jets. This leads to substantial spread in transport, biasing the age‐of‐air by up to 25% relative to its climatological mean, making it difficult to assess the impact of the numerical representation of transport processes. This uncertainty is removed by constraining the tropical winds in the second intercomparison test, in a manner akin to specifying the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in an AGCM. The dynamical cores exhibit qualitative agreement on the structure of atmospheric transport in the second test, with evidence of convergence as the horizontal and vertical resolution is increased in a given model. Significant quantitative differences remain, however, particularly between models employing spectral versus finite‐volume numerics, even in state‐of‐the‐art cores.
    Description: The climatological and zonal mean zonal wind ū (m·s−1), as simulated by two different dynamical cores, (left) pseudospectral (GFDL‐PS) and (right) finite‐volume (CAM‐FV), with (top) 40 vertical levels and (bottom) 80 vertical levels. With higher vertical resolution, the pseudospectral core develops westerlies in the tropical stratosphere between 20 and 80 hPa, while the finite‐volume core consistently simulates easterlies at both vertical resolutions. Both cores have comparable horizontal resolution. The contour interval is 10 m·s−1.
    Description: US National Science Foundation
    Keywords: 551.5 ; age of air ; Brewer–Dobson circulation ; dynamical cores ; stratospheric dynamics ; tracer transport.
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Potential and Limitations of Machine Learning for Modeling Warm‐Rain Cloud Microphysical Processes (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The use of machine learning based on neural networks for cloud microphysical parameterizations is investigated. As an example, we use the warm‐rain formation by collision‐coalescence, that is, the parameterization of autoconversion, accretion, and self‐collection of droplets in a two‐moment framework. Benchmark solutions of the kinetic collection equations are performed using a Monte Carlo superdroplet algorithm. The superdroplet method provides reliable but noisy estimates of the warm‐rain process rates. For each process rate, a neural network is trained using standard machine learning techniques. The resulting models make skillful predictions for the process rates when compared to the testing data. However, when solving the ordinary differential equations, the solutions are not as good as those of an established warm‐rain parameterization. This deficiency can be seen as a limitation of the machine learning methods that are applied, but at the same time, it points toward a fundamental ill‐posedness of the commonly used two‐moment warm‐rain schemes. More advanced machine learning methods that include a notion of time derivatives, therefore, have the potential to overcome these problems.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In our work, we are trying to teach a computer how rain forms in clouds. We show that computer hundreds of cases in the form of data. To be honest, the data are not real data but only results of simulations with a more complicated computer model. This complicated model can track the collisions of 10,000 of droplets, and we save all that data about the growth of the droplets into larger raindrops. This is what we then give to the simpler computer model to teach it something about clouds and rain. Afterward, it can make pretty good predictions about which clouds will rain and how long it will take them to produce the first rain. Unfortunately, the current machine learning methods are still a bit stupid because they only learn from the data but do not understand the mathematics and the physics behind the data. Therefore, the new computer model is still not as good at predicting rain as some clever mathematical formulas that were developed 20 years ago. Maybe we first have to teach the computer model more about calculus before it can learn to predict rain.
    Description: Key Points: Machine learning is successfully applied to the warm‐rain parameterization problem. Training and testing data for the warm‐rain kinetic collection equation are provided using the superdroplet method. Standard training methods show some limitations for the resulting ODE system.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.5 ; cloud physics ; machine learning ; autoconversion ; warm‐rain parameterization
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Quasi‐10‐Day Wave and Semidiurnal Tide Nonlinear Interactions During the Southern Hemispheric SSW 2019 Observed in the Northern Hemispheric Mesosphere (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Mesospheric winds from three longitudinal sectors at 65°N and 54°N latitude are combined to diagnose the zonal wave numbers (m) of spectral wave signatures during the Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) 2019. Diagnosed are quasi‐10‐ and 6‐day planetary waves (Q10DW and Q6DW, m = 1), solar semidiurnal tides with m = 1, 2, 3 (SW1, SW2, and SW3), lunar semidiurnal tide, and the upper and lower sidebands (USB and LSB, m = 1 and 3) of Q10DW‐SW2 nonlinear interactions. We further present 7‐year composite analyses to distinguish SSW effects from climatological features. Before (after) the SSW onset, LSB (USB) enhances, accompanied by the enhancing (fading) Q10DW, and a weakening of climatological SW2 maximum. These behaviors are explained in terms of Manley‐Rowe relation, that is, the energy goes first from SW2 to Q10DW and LSB, and then from SW2 and Q10DW to USB. Our results illustrate that the interactions can explain most wind variabilities associated with the SSW.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Sudden stratospheric warming events occur typically over the winter Arctic and are well known for being accompanied by various tides and Rossby waves. A rare SSW occurred in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Here, we combine mesospheric observations from the Northern Hemisphere to study the wave activities before and during the warming event. A dual‐station approach is implemented on high‐frequency‐resolved spectral peaks to diagnose the horizontal scales of the dominant waves. Diagnosed are multiple tidal components, multiple Rossby normal modes, and two secondary waves arising from nonlinear interactions between a tide component and a Rossby wave. Most of these waves do not occur in a climatological sense and occur around the warming onset. Furthermore, the evolution of these waves can be explained using theoretical energy arguments.
    Description: Key Points: Mesospheric winds from multiple longitudes in the NH are combined to diagnose zonal wave numbers of waves during the Antarctic SSW 2019. Diagnosed are Q6DW, Q10DW, M2, SW1, SW2, SW3, and LSB and USB of Q10DW‐SW2 nonlinear interactions. LSB and USB are generated asynchronously, during which their parent waves evolve following the Manley‐Rowe energy relations.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Keywords: 551.5 ; sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) ; semidiurnal tides ; nonlinear interactions ; quasi‐10‐day wave ; quasi‐6‐day wave ; Manley‐Rowe relation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Injection‐Induced Seismic Moment Release and Laboratory Fault Slip: Implications for Fluid‐Induced Seismicity (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Understanding the relation between injection‐induced seismic moment release and operational parameters is crucial for early identification of possible seismic hazards associated with fluid‐injection projects. We conducted laboratory fluid‐injection experiments on permeable sandstone samples containing a critically stressed fault at different fluid pressurization rates. The observed fluid‐induced fault deformation is dominantly aseismic. Fluid‐induced stick‐slip and fault creep reveal that total seismic moment release of acoustic emission (AE) events is related to total injected volume, independent of respective fault slip behavior. Seismic moment release rate of AE scales with measured fault slip velocity. For injection‐induced fault slip in a homogeneous pressurized region, released moment shows a linear scaling with injected volume for stable slip (steady slip and fault creep), while we find a cubic relation for dynamic slip. Our results highlight that monitoring evolution of seismic moment release with injected volume in some cases may assist in discriminating between stable slip and unstable runaway ruptures.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Anthropogenic earthquakes caused by fluid injection have been reported worldwide to occur in the frame of waste‐water disposal, CO2 sequestration, and stimulation of hydrocarbon or deep geothermal reservoirs. To study the dynamics of injection‐induced seismic energy release in a controlled environment, we performed laboratory fluid injection experiments on critically stressed high‐permeability sandstone samples with a prefabricated fault. We monitored acoustic emission occurring during injection‐induced fault sliding. We find that the total seismic deformation (expressed as total seismic moment) is related to total injected volume, independent of fault slip modes (i.e., dynamic slip, steady slip, and fault creep). Seismic moment release rate roughly scales with fault slip velocity. In our experiments, the fluid pressure front migrates faster than the rupture front by about 5 orders of magnitude, resulting in fault slip within a zone of homogeneous fluid overpressure. We find that cumulative seismic moment scales linearly with the injected volume for stable slip (steady slip and fault creep), while it follows a cubic relation for dynamic slip. Our experimental results suggest that the deviation of cumulative moment release with injected volume from a linear trend in practice might be a sign for potential seismic risk. This may be considered in modifying current injection strategies.
    Description: Key Points: Injection‐induced fault deformation is dominantly aseismic. Total moment release depends on total injected volume, independent of fault slip behavior. Moment‐injected volume scaling is linear for stable slip but shows a cubic relation for dynamic slip.
    Keywords: 551.22 ; induced seismicity ; seismic moment release ; fluid injection ; stick slip ; fault creep ; acoustic emission
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Statistical Forecasts for the Occurrence of Precipitation Outperform Global Models over Northern Tropical Africa (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Short‐term global ensemble predictions of rainfall currently have no skill over northern tropical Africa when compared to simple climatology‐based forecasts, even after sophisticated statistical postprocessing. Here, we demonstrate that 1‐day statistical forecasts for the probability of precipitation occurrence based on a simple logistic regression model have considerable potential for improvement. The new approach we present here relies on gridded rainfall estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission for July‐September 1998–2017 and uses rainfall amounts from the pixels that show the highest positive and negative correlations on the previous two days as input. Forecasts using this model are reliable and have a higher resolution and better skill than climatology‐based forecasts. The good performance is related to westward propagating African easterly waves and embedded mesoscale convective systems. The statistical model is outmatched by the postprocessed dynamical forecast in the dry outer tropics only, where extratropical influences are important.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Forecasts of precipitation for the next few days based on state‐of‐the‐art weather models are currently inaccurate over northern tropical Africa, even after systematic forecast errors are corrected statistically. In this paper, we show that we can use rainfall observations from the previous 2 days to improve 1‐day predictions of precipitation occurrence. Such an approach works well over this region, as rainfall systems tend to travel from the east to the west organized by flow patterns several kilometers above the ground, called African easterly waves. This statistical forecast model requires training over a longer time period (here 19 years) to establish robust relationships on which future predictions can be based. The input data employed are gridded rainfall estimates based on satellite data for the African summer monsoon in July to September. The new method outperforms all other methods currently available on a day‐to‐day basis over the region, except for the dry outer tropics, where influences from midlatitudes, which are better captured by weather models, become more important.
    Description: Key Points: Raw and statistically postprocessed global ensemble forecasts fail to predict West African rainfall occurrence. A logistic regression model using observations from preceding days outperforms all other types of forecasts. The skill of the statistical model is mainly related to propagating African easterly waves and mesoscale convective systems.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: Klaus Tschira Stiftung
    Keywords: 551.5 ; forecasting ; logistic regression ; postprocessing ; precipitation ; tropical convection ; West Africa
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Predicting Imminence of Analog Megathrust Earthquakes With Machine Learning: Implications for Monitoring Subduction Zones (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Subduction zones are monitored using space geodesy with increasing resolution, with the aim of better capturing the deformation accompanying the seismic cycle. Here, we investigate data characteristics that maximize the performance of a machine learning binary classifier predicting slip‐event imminence. We overcome the scarcity of recorded instances from real subduction zones using data from a seismotectonic analog model monitored with a spatially dense, continuously recording onshore geodetic network. We show that a 70–85 km‐wide coastal swath recording interseismic deformation gives the most important information on slip imminence. Prediction performances are mainly influenced by the alarm duration (amount of time that we consider an event as imminent), with density of stations and record length playing a secondary role. The techniques developed in this study are most likely applicable in regions of slow earthquakes, where stick‐slip‐like failures occur at time intervals of months to years.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Machine learning, a group of algorithms that produce predictions based on past “experience,” has been successfully used to predict various aspects of the earthquake process, including slip imminence. The accuracy of those algorithms depends on a variety of data characteristics, for example, the amount of data used for building the “experience” of the model. We focus on this point using a scaled representation of a seismic subduction zone and a monitoring technique similar to Global Navigation Satellite System. We identify the most useful surface regions to be monitored and the parameter that most strongly influences prediction accuracy for the timing of upcoming laboratory earthquakes. The routine implemented in this study could be used to predict the onset and extent of slow earthquakes.
    Description: Key Points: We investigate the performances of a binary classifier predicting slip‐event imminence in analog models of megathrust seismic cycling. A 70–85 km‐wide coastal swath is the region producing the most important information for the imminence classification. Length of time that we consider an event imminent plays a primary role in tuning the performances of a binary classifier predicting the imminence of analog earthquakes.
    Description: DAAD‐Prime
    Keywords: 551.22 ; megathrust earthquakes ; machine learning ; analog modeling
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    WRF‐based dynamical downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis data for High Mountain Asia: Towards a new version of the High Asia Refined analysis (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) is a regional atmospheric data set generated by dynamical downscaling of the Final operational global analysis (FNL) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It has been successfully and widely utilized. A new version (HAR v2) with longer temporal coverage and extended domains is currently under development. ERA5 reanalysis data is used as forcing data. This study aims to find the optimal set‐up for the production of the HAR v2 to provide similar or even better accuracy as the HAR. First, we conducted a sensitivity study, in which different cumulus, microphysics, planetary boundary layer, and land surface model schemes were compared and validated against in situ observations. The technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to identify the best schemes. Snow depth in ERA5 is overestimated in High Mountain Asia (HMA) and causes a cold bias in the WRF output. Therefore, we used Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55) to correct snow depth initialized from ERA5 based on the linear scaling approach. After applying the best schemes identified by the TOPSIS method and correcting the initial snow depth, the model performance improves. Finally, we applied the improved set‐up for the HAR v2 and computed a one‐year run for 2011. Compared to the HAR, the HAR v2 has a better representation of air temperature at 2 m. It produces slightly higher precipitation amounts, but the spatial distribution of seasonal mean precipitation is closer to observations.
    Description: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551.5 ; cold bias ; dynamical downscaling ; ERA5 ; HAR ; High Mountain Asia ; snow depth ; WRF
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modelling and parametrization of the convective flow over leads in sea ice and comparison with airborne observations (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: A non‐eddy‐resolving microscale model is applied to simulate convection over three different leads (elongated channels in sea ice), which were observed by aircraft over the Arctic Marginal Ice Zone in 2013. The study aims to evaluate the quality of a local and a non‐local turbulence parametrization. The latter represents a lead‐width‐dependent approach for the turbulent fluxes designed for idealised conditions of a lead‐perpendicular, near‐neutral inflow in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) capped by a strong inversion at around 250 to 350 m height. The observed cases considered here are also characterised by an almost lead‐perpendicular flow but, in comparison to the idealised conditions, our analysis covers effects in stable inflow conditions and a much shallower ABL. The model simulations are initialised with observed surface parameters and upwind profiles, and the results are compared with measurements obtained above and downwind of the leads. The basic observed features related to the lead‐generated convection can be reproduced with both closures, but the observed plume inclination and vertical entrainment near the inversion layer by the penetrating plume are underestimated. The advantage of the non‐local closure becomes obvious by the more realistic representation of regions with observed vertical entrainment or where the observations hint at counter‐gradient transport. It is shown by comparison with the observations that results obtained with the non‐local closure can be further improved by including the determination of a fetch‐dependent inversion height and by specifying a parameter determining the plume inclination as a function of the upwind ABL stratification. Both effects improve the representation of fluxes, boundary‐layer warming, and vertical entrainment. The model is also able to reproduce the observed vanishing of a weak low‐level jet over the lead, but its downwind regeneration and related momentum transport are not always well captured, irrespective of the closure used.
    Description: In typical springtime conditions of a cold atmospheric flow over the warm surfaces of leads, which are open‐water channels in sea ice, strong convective plumes are generated which have a large impact on atmospheric boundary‐layer characteristics. Here, a small‐scale model is applied to simulate such situations and model results obtained with different turbulence parametrizations are evaluated using airborne measurements. Based on the observations, a non‐local parametrization developed for the small‐scale modelling of the inhomogeneous convection over leads is further improved.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via the Transregional Collaborative Research Center ArctiC Amplification (AC)3 (project number 268020496 TRR 172) and via the priority program SPP 1158 (grant LU 818/5‐1)
    Keywords: 551.5 ; aircraft observations ; atmospheric boundary layer ; convection over leads ; counter‐gradient transport ; entrainment ; microscale model ; sea ice ; turbulence parametrization
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Impact of Solar Activity on Forecasting the Upper Atmosphere via Assimilation of Electron Density Data (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: This study presents a comprehensive comparison of the impact of solar activity on forecasting the upper atmosphere through assimilation of radio occultation (RO)‐derived electron density (Ne) into a physics‐based model (TIE‐GCM) using an ensemble Kalman filter (KF). Globally abundant RO‐derived Ne offers one of the most promising means to test the effect of assimilation on the model forecasted state on a global scale. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding how the assimilation results vary with solar activity, which is one of the main drivers of thermosphere‐ionosphere dynamics. This study validates the forecast states with independent RO‐derived GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission) Ne data. The principal result of the study is that the agreement between forecast Ne and data is better during solar minimum than solar maximum. The results also show that the agreement between data and forecast is mostly better than that of the standalone TIE‐GCM driven with observed geophysical indices. The results emphasize that TIE‐GCM significantly underestimate Ne in altitudes below 250 km and the assimilation of Ne is not as effective in these lower altitudes as it is in higher altitudes. The results demonstrate that assimilation of Ne significantly impacts the neutral mass density estimates via the KF state vector—the impact is larger during solar maximum than solar minimum relative to a control case that does not assimilate Ne. The results are useful to explain the inherent model bias, to understand the limitations of the data, and to demonstrate the capability of the assimilation technique.
    Description: Key Points: Investigates the impact of solar activity on forecasting through assimilation of COSMIC‐Ne into a physics‐based upper atmosphere model. The agreement between hourly forecasted Ne and data is better during solar minimum than solar maximum. The assimilation of COSMIC‐Ne into TIE‐GCM significantly influences the neutral dynamics of the thermosphere.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: 551.5 ; COSMIC ; data assimilation ; ensemble Kalman filter ; ionosphere forecasts ; neutral mass density forecasts ; TIE‐GCM ; upper atmosphere ; impact of solar activity ; thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Coupling of the Subpolar Gyre and the Overturning Circulation During Abrupt Glacial Climate Transitions (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: We present a mechanism for self‐sustained ocean circulation changes that cause abrupt temperature changes over Greenland in a multimillennial climate model simulation with glacial CO2 concentrations representative of Marine Isotope Stage 3. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the subpolar gyre (SPG) oscillate on millennial time scales. When the AMOC is strong, the SPG is weak and contracted; when the AMOC is weak, the SPG is strong and extensive. The coupling between the two systems via wind‐driven and density‐driven feedbacks is key to maintaining the oscillations. The SPG controls the transport of heat and salt into the deep‐water formation sites and thus controls the AMOC strength. The strength and location of the deep‐water formation affect the density‐driven part of the SPG and thus control the mean strength and extent of the SPG. This mechanism supports the hypothesis that coupled ocean‐ice‐atmosphere interactions could have triggered abrupt glacial climate change.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Between 57.000 and 29.000 years ago, the last glacial period was marked by several abrupt warming and cooling events over Greenland and the North Atlantic. Understanding the mechanism behind these so‐called Dansgaard‐Oeschger events increases our understanding of possible tipping points that cause abrupt change in the Earth system. The role of the ocean in causing these events is still a topic of debate. We find abrupt changes in the North Atlantic circulation that resemble Dansgaard‐Oeschger events in a simulation with a state‐of‐the‐art climate model. These simulated ocean circulation changes are generated without adding external triggers such as meltwater from glaciers. Instead, the events are generated by the interaction of the two large‐scale current systems in the North Atlantic—the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG). Both current systems are affected by changes in surface winds and the density pattern of the North Atlantic. We find that the location where the densest water is formed controls how the SPG interacts with the AMOC. Under favorable conditions, the effects of wind and density combine in such a way that changes in the SPG cause abrupt changes in the AMOC.
    Description: Key Points: Millennial‐scale, self‐sustained oscillations of the ocean circulation occur in a climate model simulation. The oscillations are driven by the interaction between the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the subpolar gyre (SPG). The AMOC‐SPG coupling is controlled by a wind‐driven and a density‐driven feedback; the coupling sign depends on the dominant feedback.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; AMOC ; subpolar gyre ; abrupt climate change ; climate modeling ; Marine Isotope Stage 3
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Linking Large‐Eddy Simulations to Local Cloud Observations (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: In order to enhance our understanding of clouds and their microphysical processes, it is crucial to exploit both observations and models. Local observations from ground‐based remote sensing sites provide detailed information on clouds, but as they are limited in dimension, there is no straightforward way to use them to guide large‐scale model development. We show that large‐eddy simulations (LES) performed on similar temporal and spatial scales as the local observations can bridge this gap. Recently, LES with realistic topography and lateral boundary conditions became feasible for domains spanning several 100 km. In this study, we show how these simulations can be linked to observations of the Jülich Observatory for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE) for a 9‐day period in spring 2013. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of very large versus small but more constrained domains as well as the differences compared to more idealized setups. The semi‐idealized LES include time‐varying forcing but are run with homogeneous surfaces and periodic boundary conditions. These assumptions seem to be the reason why they struggle to represent the observed varying conditions. The simulations using the “realistic” setup are able to represent the general cloud structure (timing, height, phase). It seems that the smaller and more constrained domain allows for a tighter control on the synoptic situation and is the preferred choice to ensure the comparability to the local observations. These simulations together with measures as the shown Hellinger distance will allow us to gain more insights into the representativeness of column measurements in the future.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Clouds are still a cause for uncertainty in our understanding of climate and climate feedbacks. Due to the large range of involved scales—from small droplets up to storm systems—their representation in weather and climate models is an ongoing challenge. While new and sophisticated measurements of the atmospheric column could provide new insights into important processes, their linking to models is not trivial and is ongoing research. In this study, we are presenting and exploring different approaches to combine local observations of clouds with state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution simulations. And we are presenting a setup, which shows a promising representation of the observed clouds and is constrained enough to be applicable for long‐term statistics—one of the key requirements for improvements and evaluation clouds in of weather and climate models.
    Description: Key Points: Large‐eddy simulations including external variability can bridge the gap between ground‐based observations of clouds and large‐scale models. For comparison with local observations, it is important to take external variability (e.g., large‐scale forcing and surface) into account. ICON‐LEM offers new possibilities to simulate small scales while considering external variability.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; clouds ; heterogeneity ; ICON‐LEM ; large‐scale forcing ; LES ; remote sensing
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Unusual appearance of mother‐of‐pearl clouds above El Calafate, Argentina (50°21′S, 72°16′W) (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-29
    Description: Visual observations from the ground and from a glider soaring in the lowermost stratosphere revealed the existence of stratospheric mother‐of‐pearl clouds above El Calafate in the lee of the Andes on 11 September 2019. The appearance of these clouds is rather unusual considering the time – end of the austral winter – and the location at about 50°S, being far away from Antarctica. This paper presents the available observations and describes the overall meteorological situation that was related to the earliest sudden stratospheric warming recorded so far in the Southern Hemisphere. By using high‐resolution numerical simulations, we show evidence of mountain waves propagating up to the stratosphere that are responsible for generating the localised cold stratospheric temperature anomalies required for ice cloud formation. Snapshots of a mother‐of‐pearl cloud from the camera installed at the PERLAN 2 aircraft's tail wing. image
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Argentina ; ice cloud formation
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Toward Source Region Tomography With Intersource Interferometry: Shear Wave Velocity From 2018 West Bohemia Swarm Earthquakes (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The concept of seismic interferometry embraces the construction of waves traveling between receivers or sources with cross‐correlation techniques. In the present study cross correlations of coda waves are used to measure traveltimes of shear waves between earthquake locations for five event clusters of the 2018 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. With the help of a high‐quality earthquake catalog, I was able to determine the shear wave velocity in the region of the five clusters separately. The shear wave velocities range between 3.5 and 4.2 km/s. The resolution of this novel method is given by the extent of the clusters and better than for a comparable classical tomography. It is suggested to use the method in a tomographic inversion and map the shear wave velocity in the source region with unprecedented resolution. Furthermore, the influence of focal mechanisms and the attenuation properties on the polarity and location of the maxima in the cross‐correlation functions is discussed. The intracluster ratio of P wave to S wave velocity is approximately fixed at 1.68.
    Description: Key Points: I determine shear wave traveltimes between earthquake locations from cross correlations of coda waves. Seismic velocity at region of 2018 earthquake swarm shows spatial variability. Spatial resolution is enhanced compared to classical tomography.
    Keywords: 551.22 ; intersource interferometry ; interevent interferometry ; shear wave velocity ; coda waves ; cross correlation ; swarm earthquakes
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Severe thunderstorms with large hail across Germany in June 2019 (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: From 10 to 12 June 2019, severe thunderstorms affected large parts of Germany. Hail larger than golf ball size caused considerable damage, especially in the Munich area where losses amount to EUR 1 billion. This event thus ranks among the ten most expensive hail events in Europe in the last 40 years. Atmospheric blocking in combination with a moist, unstably stratified air mass provided an excellent setting for the development of severe, hail‐producing thunderstorms across the country. image
    Description: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Germany ; thunderstorms ; hailstorm
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stress Drop Variations in the Region of the 2014 MW8.1 Iquique Earthquake, Northern Chile (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: We compute stress drops from P and S phase spectra for 534 earthquakes in the source region of the 2014 MW8.1 Iquique megathrust earthquake in the northern Chilean subduction zone. An empirical Green's function based method is applied to suitable event pairs selected by template matching of eight years of continuous waveform data. We evaluate the parameters involved in the stress drop estimation, consider the effect of the local velocity structure and apply an empirical linear relation between P and S phase related geometry factors (k values). Data redundancy produced by multiple empirical Green's function and the combination of P and S phase spectra leads to a substantial reduction of uncertainty and robust stress drop estimates. The resulting stress drop values show a well‐defined log‐normal distribution with a median value of 4.36 MPa; most values range between 0.1 and 100 MPa. There is no evidence for systematic large scale lateral variations of stress drop. A detailed analysis reveals several regions of increased median stress drop, an increase with distance to the interface, but no consistent increase with depth. This suggests that fault regime and fault strength have a stronger impact on the stress drop behavior than absolute stresses. Interestingly, we find a weak time‐dependence of the median stress drop, with an increase immediately before the April 1, 2014 MW8.1 Iquique mainshock, a continuous reduction thereafter and a subsequent recovery to average values. Additionally, the data set indicates a relatively strong dependence of stress drop on magnitude which extends over the entire analyzed magnitude range.
    Description: Key Points: A comprehensive stress drop distribution for the Iquique Earthquake rupture region is computed using a spectral ratio approach. The stress drops estimates reveal no large scale pattern or major trend such as a depth dependency. We describe minor stress drop variations in greater detail and find a relatively strong scaling with moment for the entire data set.
    Description: DFG
    Keywords: 551.22 ; brune type stress drop ; northern Chile ; spatio‐temporal variability ; spectral ratio ; subduction interface seismicity ; template matching
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Inherent Dissipation of Upwind‐Biased Potential Temperature Advection and its Feedback on Model Dynamics (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Higher order upwind‐biased advection schemes are often used for potential temperature advection in dynamical cores of atmospheric models. The inherent diffusive and antidiffusive fluxes are interpreted here as the effect of irreversible sub‐gridscale dynamics. For those, total energy conservation and positive internal entropy production must be guaranteed. As a consequence of energy conservation, the pressure gradient term should be formulated in Exner pressure form. The presence of local antidiffusive fluxes in potential temperature advection schemes foils the validity of the second law of thermodynamics. Due to this failure, a spurious wind acceleration into the wrong direction is locally induced via the pressure gradient term. When correcting the advection scheme to be more entropically consistent, the spurious acceleration is avoided, but two side effects come to the fore: (i) the overall accuracy of the advection scheme decreases and (ii) the now purely diffusive fluxes become more discontinuous compared to the original ones, which leads to more sudden body forces in the momentum equation. Therefore, the amplitudes of excited gravity waves from jets and fronts increase compared to the original formulation with inherent local antidiffusive fluxes. The means used for supporting the argumentation line are theoretical arguments concerning total energy conservation and internal entropy production, pure advection tests, one‐dimensional advection‐dynamics interaction tests and evaluation of runs with a global atmospheric dry dynamical core.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: For ease of calculation, an alternative to using the internal energy equation is to consider the movement of an air parcel which maintains a constant value related to temperature and pressure (potential temperature). The pressure gradient converts the energy from internal to kinetic or vice versa, thereby influencing the direction and speed of wind. Hence, in the total energy conservation law, the pressure gradient force and the potential temperature transport equation are interdependent. Equations that simulate the movement the air parcels and its properties (advection equations) have been developed to provide accurate and consistent results. This article reviews whether contemporary advection methods for potential temperature are consistent. This means ensuring the underlying physical laws are met, in particular, the second law of thermodynamics, stating that field variables need to be diffused. However, most numerical advection methods can occasionally act in an antidiffusive way. The pressure inherits this antidiffusion from the potential temperature, if the density is held constant. Due to antidiffusion, the modeled wind direction may be incorrect. Avoiding antidiffusion prevents this effect, but leads to sudden pressure forces. These forces lead to higher gravity wave crests generated at the fronts of weather systems.
    Description: Key Points: The local antidiffusion within upwind potential temperature advection schemes leads to negative dissipation. This antidiffusion induces spurious accelerations in the wind field in one‐dimensional and full model runs. Entropically consistent schemes are less accurate and exhibit higher amplitudes of front‐generated gravity waves.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, TRR181 “Energy Transfers in Atmosphere and Ocean”, subproject M4
    Keywords: 551.5 ; energetic and entropic consistency ; excitation of gravity waves ; upwind advection schemes
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mesoscale marine tropical precipitation varies independently from the spatial arrangement of its convective cells (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: The relationship between mesoscale convective organization, quantified by the spatial arrangement of convection, and oceanic precipitation in the tropical belt is examined using the output of a global storm-resolving simulation. The analysis uses a 2D watershed segmentation algorithm based on local precipitation maxima to isolate individual precipitation cells and derive their properties. 10° by 10° scenes are analyzed using a phase-space representation made of the number of cells per scene and the mean area of the cells per scene to understand the controls on the spatial arrangement of convection and its precipitation. The presence of few and large cells in a scene indicates the presence of a more clustered distribution of cells, whereas many small cells in a scene tend to be randomly distributed. In general, the degree of clustering of a scene (Iorg) is positively correlated to the mean area of the cells and negatively correlated to the number of cells. Strikingly, the degree of clustering, whether the cells are randomly distributed or closely spaced, to a first order does not matter for the precipitation amounts produced. Scenes of similar precipitation amounts appear as hyperbolae in our phase-space representation, hyperbolae that follow the contours of the precipitating area fraction. Finally, including the scene-averaged water vapour path (WVP) in our phase-space analysis reveals that scenes with larger WVP contain more cells than drier scenes, whereas the mean area of the cells only weakly varies with WVP. Dry scenes can contain both small and large cells, but they can contain only few cells of each category.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; convection ; object-based approaches ; organization ; precipitation ; storm-resolving modelling
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming: Quasi-6-Day Wave Burst and Ionospheric Effects (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: An exceptionally strong stationary planetary wave with Zonal Wavenumber 1 led to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ionospheric data from European Space Agency's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6-day variations in the dayside low-latitude region at this time, which can be attributed to forcing from the middle atmosphere by the Rossby normal mode “quasi-6-day wave” (Q6DW). Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite reveal a burst of global Q6DW activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the SSW, which is one of the strongest in the record. The Q6DW is apparently generated in the polar stratosphere at 30–40 km, where the atmosphere is unstable due to strong vertical wind shear connected with planetary wave breaking. These results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can lead to ionospheric variability through wave forcing from the middle atmosphere.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; sudden stratospheric warming ; quasi-6-day wave ; planetary wave ; ionosphere ; vertical coupling ; Swarm
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Twenty-First-Century Changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Etesians and Associated Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The Etesians are the dominant synoptically driven winds observed in the Eastern Mediterranean, usually from late spring to late summer. Due to the complex topography, the Etesians can be very strong and pose significant environmental hazards, especially over wildfire incidents. This study assesses the impacts of climate change on future Etesians by analyzing the response of the most recent EURO-CORDEX regional climate simulations at the 12-km grid resolution over the twenty-first century. The mean model ensemble projects a significant increase of the Etesians' frequency and intensity under the two emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. This response is connected to an increase in the zonal wind at 200 hPa, a reinforcement of the midlatitude westerly flow, and a decrease in the wave amplitude. These circulation changes accelerate the mid-to-high latitude eastward propagation of the large-scale circulation systems which can favor enhanced ridges over the Balkans. A strengthening and poleward shift of the subtropical jet stream is also projected, connected with stronger subsidence over the Eastern Mediterranean. The projected changes will have profound environmental and societal implications, including the lengthening of the wildfire season and increasing air pollution risk in the region. On the other hand, the current estimate of future wind power potential in the Aegean Sea will be significantly increased by the end of the century, which might have positive impact in the regional economy.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Etesians ; extreme winds ; Eastern Mediterranean ; midlatitude atmospheric circulation ; EURO-CORDEX ; future projections
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of the Thermodynamic Phase Transition of Tracked Convective Clouds Based on Geostationary Satellite Observations (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: Clouds are liquid at temperature greater than 0°C and ice at temperature below −38°C. Between these two thresholds, the temperature of the cloud thermodynamic phase transition from liquid to ice is difficult to predict and the theory and numerical models do not agree: Microphysical, dynamical, and meteorological parameters influence the glaciation temperature. We temporally track optical and microphysical properties of 796 clouds over Europe from 2004 to 2015 with the space-based instrument Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on board the geostationary METEOSAT second generation satellites. We define the glaciation temperature as the mean between the cloud top temperature of those consecutive images for which a thermodynamic phase change in at least one pixel is observed for a given cloud object. We find that, on average, isolated convective clouds over Europe freeze at −21.6°C. Furthermore, we analyze the temporal evolution of a set of cloud properties and we retrieve glaciation temperatures binned by meteorological and microphysical regimes: For example, the glaciation temperature increases up to 11°C when cloud droplets are large, in line with previous studies. Moreover, the correlations between the parameters characterizing the glaciation temperature are compared and analyzed and a statistical study based on principal component analysis shows that after the cloud top height, the cloud droplet size is the most important parameter to determine the glaciation temperature.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Clouds ; Glaciation temperature ; geostationary satellite ; SEVIRI ; Thermodynamic phase
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Detection Limits and Near-Field Ground Motions of Fast and Slow Earthquakes (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: We investigate theoretical limits to detection of fast and slow seismic events, and spatial variations of ground motion expected from M 6 earthquakes at short epicentral distances. The analyses are based on synthetic velocity seismograms calculated with the discrete wavenumber method assuming seismic velocities and attenuation properties of the crust in Southern California. The examined source properties include different magnitudes (M −1.0 to M 6.0), static stress drops (0.1–10 MPa), and slow and fast ruptures (0.1–0.9 of shear wave velocity). For the M 6 events we also consider variations in rise times producing crack- and pulse-type events and different rupture directivities. Slow events produce ground motion with considerably lower amplitude than corresponding regular fast earthquakes with the same magnitude, and hence are significantly more difficult to detect. The static stress drop and slip rise time also affect the maximum radiated seismic motion, and hence event detectability. Apart from geometrical factors, the saturation and depletion of seismic ground motion at short epicentral distances stem from radiation pattern, earthquake size (magnitude, stress drop), and rupture directivity. The rupture velocity, rise time, and directivity affect significantly the spatial pattern of the ground motions. The results can help optimizing detection of slow and fast small earthquakes and understand the spatial distribution of ground motion generated by large events.
    Keywords: 551.22 ; slow earthquakes ; ground motions ; earthquake detection ; source parameters
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Trends in AOD, Clouds, and Cloud Radiative Effects in Satellite Data and CMIP5 and CMIP6 Model Simulations Over Aerosol Source Regions (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: Several regions worldwide have seen significant trends in anthropogenic aerosol emissions during the period of detailed satellite observations since 2001. Over Europe (EUR) and North America (NAM) there were strong declines, over China increases then declines and over India, strong increases. Regional trends in model-simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud radiative effects in both the Fifth and Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6) are broadly consistent with the ones from satellite retrievals in most parts of EUR, NAM and India. CMIP6 models better match satellite-derived AOD trend in western NAM (increasing) and eastern China (decreasing), where CMIP5 models failed, pointing to improved anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Drop concentration trends in both observations and models qualitatively match AOD trends. The result for solar cloud radiative effect in models, however, is due to compensating errors: Models fail to reproduce observed liquid water path trends and show, in turn, opposite trends in cloud fraction.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; aerosol emission trend ; aerosol optical depth ; cloud radiative effects ; aerosol source regions ; CDNC ; climate models
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Observations and high-resolution simulations of convective precipitation organization over the tropical Atlantic (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: High-resolution simulations (grid spacing 2.5 km) are performed with ICON-LEM to characterize convective organization in the Tropics during August 2016 over a large domain ranging from northeastern South America, along the tropical Atlantic to Africa (8,000×3,000 km). The degree of organization is measured by a refined version of the wavelet-based organization index (WOI), which is able to characterize the scale, the intensity and anisotropy of convection based on rain rates alone. Exploiting the localization of wavelets both in space and time, we define a localized version of the convective organization index (LWOI). We compare convection observed in satellite-derived rain rates with the corresponding processes simulated by ICON-LEM. Model and observations indicate three regions with different kinds of convective organization. Continental convection over West Africa has a predominantly meridional orientation and is more organized than over South America, because it acts on larger scales and is more intense. Convection over the tropical Atlantic is zonally oriented along the ITCZ and less intense. ICON and observations agree on the number and intensity of the African easterly waves during the simulation period. The waves are associated with strong vorticity anomalies and are clearly visible in a spatiotemporal wavelet analysis. The central speed and the wavelength of the waves is simulated well. Both the scale and intensity components of LWOI in ICON are significantly correlated with environmental variables. The scale of precipitation is related to wind shear, CAPE and its tendency, while the intensity strongly correlates with column-integrated humidity, upper-level divergence and maximum vertical wind speed. This demonstrates that the LWOI components capture important characteristics of convective precipitation.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; convective organization ; ICON-LEM ; IMERG ; LWOI ; tropical convection ; wavelet-based organization index ; WOI
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sensitivity study of the planetary boundary layer and microphysical schemes to the initialization of convection over the Arabian Peninsula (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: In this study, we present a five-member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) physics ensemble over the Arabian Peninsula on the convection-permitting (CP) scale and investigate the ability to simulate convection and precipitation by varying the applied cloud microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parametrizations. The study covers a typical precipitation event ocurring during summertime over the eastern part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Our results show that the best results are obtained by using water- and ice-friendly aerosols combined with aerosol-aware Thompson cloud microphysics and the Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) PBL parametrization. The diurnal cycle of 2-m temperature over the desert is well captured by all members, although a cold bias is present during the morning and evening transition. All members are capable of simulating the correct timing of the onset of convection. Simulations with the MYNN PBL and Thompson scheme produce the highest convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN), associated with stronger mixing inside the PBL, leading to the formation of more dense liquid water clouds. The WDM6 microphysics scheme is not a suitable option, as there are hardly any liquid water clouds; mainly ice clouds are simulated. Precipitation is best captured by applying the MYNN and Thomspon scheme. Although the ensemble size is relatively small, this allows for the provision of cloud probability maps suitable for cloud-seeding applications.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; convection ; ensemble ; PBL ; UAE ; WRF
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    How Does the North Atlantic SST Pattern Respond to Anthropogenic Aerosols in the 1970s and 2000s? (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: We show how changes in the global distribution of anthropogenic aerosols favor different spatial patterns in the North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature (NASST). The NASSTs largely show the expected decrease associated with the anthropogenic aerosols in the 1970s, but also an unusual warming response in the eastern sub‐polar gyre, the region of the North Atlantic warming hole. The NASST response reversed for the anthropogenic aerosols in the 2000s against 1970s. The regional reduction in anthropogenic aerosols favored as follows: (1) a strengthening of the warming hole and (2) a NASST increase at high latitudes associated with changes in the coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamics. We found that the gyre component of the northward Atlantic heat transport in mid‐to high latitudes is an important driver for the heat convergence associated with the NASST patterns. At least two‐thirds of the NASST response in MPI‐ESM1.2 is associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions, highlighting the need to better understand them.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The change of the North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature due to anthropogenic aerosols is not well understood. Aerosols reflect incoming solar radiation and influence clouds. Both effects are expected to cool the surface. The expected surface cooling (warming) due to more (less) aerosols is mostly seen in our experiment, but we also find an unusual warming (cooling) in a region in the North Atlantic, where observations show no clear warming trend. We identify that this area, known as the North Atlantic warming hole, is affected by circulation changes that are induced by the aerosol changes between the pre‐industrial, the 1970s and the 2000s. Changes of the heat transport in the ocean from the warming hole to the Arctic drives these changes. The magnitude of this temperature change in our experiments largely depends on the still uncertain aerosol effect on clouds.
    Description: Key Points: Anthropogenic aerosol patterns affect the coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamical response 1970s to 2000s aerosol pattern change enhances North Atlantic warming hole through ocean meridional heat convergence by the sub‐polar gyre Most of the response to anthropogenic aerosols is associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions
    Description: Max Planck Society
    Description: German Science Foundation
    Description: German Federal Ministry for Transportation and Digital Infrastructure
    Keywords: 551.5 ; anthropogenic aerosols ; circulation ; climate response ; heat transport ; North Atlantic ; warming hole
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Detailed, Multi‐Scale Assessment of an Atmospheric River Event and Its Impact on Extreme Glacier Melt in the Southern Alps of New Zealand (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: North‐westerly airflow and associated atmospheric rivers (ARs) have been found to profoundly influence New Zealand’s west coasts, by causing flooding, landslides and extreme ablation and accumulation on glaciers in the Southern Alps. However, the response of local glacier mass balance to synoptic‐scale circulation, including events with ARs, has typically not been investigated by considering mesoscale processes explicitly. In this study, high‐resolution atmospheric simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model are used to investigate the mesoscale drivers of an extreme ablation event on Brewster Glacier (Southern Alps), which occurred on February 6, 2011 during the landfall of an AR on the South Island. The following processes were found to be crucial for transferring the high temperature and water vapor contained in the AR into energy available for melt on Brewster Glacier: First, the moist‐neutral character of the air mass enabled the flow to pass over the ridge, leading to the development of orographic clouds and precipitation on the windward side of the orography, and foehn winds on the leeside. These processes fueled melt through longwave radiation and strong turbulent and rain heat fluxes within the high‐condensation environment of the orographic cloud. Second, orographic enhancement occurred due to both cellular convection within the cloud and the combined effect of multiple precipitating systems by the seeder‐feeder‐mechanism. These results indicate the potential importance of AR dynamics for New Zealand’s glaciers. They also illustrate the benefit of mesoscale atmospheric modeling for advancing process understanding of the glacier‐climate relationship in New Zealand.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric rivers, which are elongated, narrow structures in the atmosphere that convey large amounts of moisture through the midlatitudes, have been found to impact coastal regions worldwide, including New Zealand. Besides causing flooding and landslides, they can affect glaciers in coastal mountains such as the Southern Alps. The processes causing the high temperature and moisture in atmospheric rivers to trigger melt (or snowfall) at the glacier surface have, however, not been investigated explicitly because they operate at the size of mountain valleys and ridges which are difficult to represent in global data‐sets. We address this by using an atmospheric model with high spatial detail to simulate a case study, where an atmospheric river coincided with extreme melt on Brewster Glacier in the Southern Alps. We find that the stability characteristics of the impinging warm and moist air masses lent the air the potential to ascend the mountain instead of being directed around. This resulted in cloud and precipitation development on the windward slopes whereby rain amounts were further enhanced by internal processes within the clouds. Melt was promoted through heat released from condensation and rainfall. Conversely, on the lee slopes, downslope winds caused warm and dry conditions.
    Description: Key Points: The mass balance of Brewster Glacier is affected by an atmospheric river causing extreme melt through rain and turbulent energy transfer. Orographic enhancement and weak stability in the atmospheric river cause precipitation on windward slopes while leesides are foehn‐affected. Regional atmospheric modeling can advance the process understanding of the glacier‐climate relationship in New Zealand’s mountains.
    Description: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung (Humboldt‐Stiftung) German Research Foundation (DFG): MO 2869/4‐1 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Atmospheric river ; glacier ablation ; mesoscale processes ; New Zealand Southern Alps ; orographic precipitation ; WRF
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    When Does the Lorenz 1963 Model Exhibit the Signal‐To‐Noise Paradox? (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Seasonal prediction systems based on Earth System Models exhibit a lower proportion of predictable signal to unpredictable noise than the actual world. This puzzling phenomena has been widely referred to as the signal‐to‐noise paradox (SNP). Here, we investigate the SNP in a conceptual framework of a seasonal prediction system based on the Lorenz, 1963 Model (L63). We show that the SNP is not apparent in L63, if the uncertainty assumed for the initialization of the ensemble is equal to the uncertainty in the starting conditions. However, if the uncertainty in the initialization overestimates the uncertainty in the starting conditions, the SNP is apparent. In these experiments the metric used to quantify the SNP also shows a clear lead‐time dependency on subseasonal timescales. We therefore, formulate the alternative hypothesis to previous studies that the SNP could also be related to the magnitude of the initial ensemble spread.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Comprehensive Earth System Models seem to be better at predicting the real observed climate system than expected based on their ability to predict their own modelled climate system. This puzzling phenomena is known as the signal‐to‐noise paradox (SNP) and its origin is still under intensive scientific debate with some studies pointing to deficiencies in the model formulation. In this study we investigate under which conditions the SNP can be obtained using a simple conceptual framework for a climate prediction system based on a simple dynamical model. Our results show that the SNP can be reproduced in the absence of model deficiencies if the model overestimates the observational uncertainty. We also investigate the development of the SNP on subseasonal timescales and find a clear dependency on the lead‐time of the prediction. Our results lead us to formulate an alternative hypothesis to previous studies on the origin of the SNP.
    Description: Key Points: Whether forecasts in the Lorenz Model are reliable or not depends on the ratio of initial ensemble spread to observational uncertainty Until predictability is lost in the Lorenz Model the level of over‐or underconfidence increases with increasing lead‐time
    Description: Copernicus Climate Change Service
    Description: Marine Institute and the European Regional Development fund
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Lorenz Model
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    General Circulation Model Selection Technique for Downscaling: Exemplary Application to East Africa (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Downscaling is widely used in studies of local and/or regional climate as it yields a greater spatial resolution than general circulation models (GCMs) can provide. It utilizes GCM output or reanalysis data, which is transformed using mathematical relationships or used to force the lateral boundaries of a regional climate model. However, there is no set selection technique to determine which GCM realization(s) to employ. Here, a comprehensive yet easily applicable model selection technique for studies requiring GCM data as a constraint was developed. The technique evaluates, with respect to a reanalysis product and/or observational data, the ability of GCM realizations to reconstruct the mean state of the climate and the space‐time climatic anomalies for the atmospheric state variables at three distinct pressure levels. It was applied to the region of East Africa, where GISS‐E2‐H r6i1p3 was found to perform the strongest. The top ranked realizations were found to better capture processes when evaluated for the example of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Furthermore, the surface air temperature and precipitation from three 10‐year regional climate model simulations, one forced by the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis, one forced by the top ranked GCM, and one by the lowest ranked one, were compared to gridded observations. Results show that using a top ranked GCM for the boundary conditions leads to a better dynamical downscaling simulation than a low‐ranked GCM, suggesting the potential of the proposed technique for future downscaling techniques.
    Description: Key Points: Creation of a comprehensive and easily applicable model selection technique for downscaling Top ranked models are better able to capture processes for Indian Ocean Dipole example Using a top ranked general circulation model (GCM) for the boundary conditions leads to a better dynamical downscaling simulation than a low‐ranked GCM
    Description: German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Keywords: 551.5 ; downscaling ; East Africa ; general circulation models ; model selection
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    First Studies of Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Dynamics Using a Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Network Over Southern Patagonia (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: This paper presents for the first time results on winds, tides, gradients of horizontal winds, and momentum fluxes at mesosphere and lower thermosphere altitudes over southern Patagonia, one of the most dynamically active regions in the world. For this purpose, measurements provided by SIMONe Argentina are investigated. SIMONe Argentina is a novel multistatic specular meteor radar system that implements a Spread‐spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network (SIMONe) approach, and that has been operating since the end of September 2019. Average counts of more than 30,000 meteor detections per day result in tidal estimates with statistical uncertainties of less than 1 m/s. Thanks to the multistatic configuration, horizontal and vertical gradients of the horizontal winds are obtained, as well as vertical winds free from horizontal divergence contamination. The vertical gradients of both zonal and meridional winds exhibit strong tidal signatures. Mean momentum fluxes are estimated after removing the effects of mean winds using a 4‐h, 8‐km window in time and altitude, respectively. Reasonable statistical uncertainties of the momentum fluxes are obtained after applying a 28‐day averaging. Therefore, the momentum flux estimates presented in this paper represent monthly mean values of waves with periods of 4 h or less, vertical wavelengths shorter than 8 km, and horizontal scales less than 400 km.
    Description: Key Points: First observations of mesosphere and lower thermosphere dynamics over one of the most dynamically active regions in the world Estimates of mean horizontal winds and their gradients are possible, thanks to the multistatic configuration Mean momentum fluxes are estimated with vertical velocity estimates free of horizontal divergence contamination
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: 551.5 ; horizontal gradients ; meteor radar ; MLT ; momentum flux ; tides ; winds
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Californian Wildfire Smoke Over Europe: A First Example of the Aerosol Observing Capabilities of Aeolus Compared to Ground‐Based Lidar (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: In September 2020, extremely strong wildfires in the western United States of America (i.e., mainly in California) produced large amounts of smoke, which was lifted into the free troposphere. These biomass‐burning‐aerosol (BBA) layers were transported from the US west coast toward central Europe within 3–4 days turning the sky milky and receiving high media attention. The present study characterizes this pronounced smoke plume above Leipzig, Germany, using a ground‐based multiwavelength‐Raman‐polarization lidar and the aerosol/cloud product of ESA’s wind lidar mission Aeolus. An exceptional high smoke‐AOT 〉0.4 was measured, yielding to a mean mass concentration of 8 μg m−3. The 355 nm lidar ratio was moderate at around 40–50 sr. The Aeolus‐derived backscatter, extinction and lidar ratio profiles agree well with the observations of the ground‐based lidar PollyXT considering the fact that Aeolus’ aerosol and cloud products are still preliminary and subject to ongoing algorithm improvements.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In September 2020, extremely strong wildfires in the western USA (i.e., mainly in California) produced large amounts of smoke. These biomass burning aerosol (BBA) layers were transported from the US west coast towards central Europe within 3‐4 days. This smoke plume was observed above Leipzig, Germany, for several days turning the sky milky and receiving high media attention ‐ it was the highest perturbation of the troposphere in terms of AOT ever observed over Leipzig. The first smoke plume arrived on 11 September 2020, just in time for a regular overpass of the Aeolus satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). Aeolus accommodates the first instrument in space that actively measures profiles of a horizontal wind component in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Aeolus has been launched to improve weather forecasts while assimilating the Aeolus wind profile data in near–real time. But Aeolus also delivers profiles of aerosol and cloud optical properties as spin‐off products. We performed a first assessment of the aerosol profiling capabilities of Aeolus while precisely analyzing the smoke plume above Leipzig with a ground‐based multiwavelength‐Raman‐polarization lidar. But we also show the dramatic impact of fires in the western USA on atmospheric conditions over central Europe.
    Description: Key Points: Smoke from the extraordinary 2020 Californian wild fires traveled within 3–4 days toward Europe Highest Aerosol Optical Thickness ever measured in the free troposphere over Leipzig, Germany, Central Europe, with ground‐based lidar Unique opportunity for a first assessment of the aerosol optical profiles of the spaceborne wind lidar mission Aeolus
    Description: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)
    Description: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
    Description: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
    Keywords: 551.5 ; Aeolus ; biomass burning aerosol ; lidar ; remote sensing ; smoke ; wild fires
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fluid‐Earthquake and Earthquake‐Earthquake Interactions in Southern Kansas, USA (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: An increase in injection activity associated with energy production in southern Kansas starting in 2013 has been linked to the occurrence of more than 130,000 earthquakes (M −1.5 to 4.9) between 2014 and 2017. Studies suggest that the dramatic increase in seismicity rate is related to wastewater injection into the highly permeable Arbuckle formation. Most of the seismicity is located in the underlying crystalline basement, for which hydrological properties and specific fault geometries are unknown. Additionally, some earthquake clusters occurred relatively far (tens of kilometers) from the main injection wells. Therefore, the effect of pore pressure diffusion may be insufficient to explain the relation between the volume of injected fluids and the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity. Combining physical models (static stress and poroelasticity) and a statistical cluster analysis applied to a high‐resolution relocated catalog, we analyze the evolution of seismicity in southern Kansas. We find that pore pressure changes (Δp) and Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) due to fluid diffusion smaller than 0.1 MPa are enough to initiate seismic sequences, which then evolve depending on their distance from the major injection wells. However, we find that earthquake sequences have different seismogenic responses to Δp and ΔCFS in terms of triggering threshold. In regions located close to disposal wells (Harper area) our cluster analysis suggests that both earthquake interactions and fluid diffusion control the evolution of seismicity. On the other hand, at greater distances (Milan area), where clustering behavior suggests greater earthquake interactions, we find that coseismic ΔCFS are larger than Δp.
    Description: Key Points: Pore pressure changes due to fluid diffusion smaller than 0.1 MPa are enough to initiate seismic sequences Coseismic ΔCFS due to the largest events in the catalog control the temporal and spatial distribution of aftershocks Earthquake triggering mechanisms in southern Kansas may differ depending on the distance from major wells
    Keywords: 551.22 ; southern Kansas ; seismicity ; fluid injection ; poroelastic stresses
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reassessing Eastern Mediterranean Tectonics and Earthquake Hazard From the 365 CE Earthquake (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The hallmark of great earthquakes in the Mediterranean is the 21 July 365 CE earthquake and tsunami that destroyed cities and killed thousands of people throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. This event is intriguing because most Mediterranean subduction forearcs exhibit pervasive crustal extension and minimal definitive evidence exists for great subduction megathrust earthquakes, consistent with weak seismic coupling. This conundrum has led many to favor rupture of a previously unrecognized upper plate splay fault south of Crete in an M w 8.3–8.5 earthquake, uplifting a Cretan Holocene paleoshoreline by up to 9 m. Similar source mechanisms have been adapted for the region, which are commonly used for seismic and tsunami hazard estimation. We present an alternative model for Holocene paleoshoreline uplift and the 365 CE tsunami that centers on known active normal fault systems offshore of western and southwestern Crete. We use new and published radiocarbon dates and historical records to show that uplift of the Cretan paleoshoreline likely occurred during two or more earthquakes within 2–3 centuries. Visco‐elastic dislocation modeling demonstrates that the rupture of these normal faults fits observed data as well as reverse fault models but requires reduced slip and lower cumulative earthquake energy release (∼M w 7.9). Tsunami modeling shows that normal‐fault ruptures produce strong tsunamis that better match historical reports than a hypothetical reverse fault. Our findings collectively favor the interpretation that damaging earthquakes and tsunamis in the Eastern Mediterranean can originate on normal faults, highlighting the potential hazard from tsunamigenic upper plate normal fault earthquakes.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Most people living and vacationing near the Mediterranean Sea coast are not fully aware of the region's earthquake and tsunami hazard. Here we contribute to understanding the mechanisms for major earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean by investigating the region's largest historically documented earthquake. The record of this event is thought to be preserved in part as a fossil beach uplifted by up to 9 m on the island of Crete, Greece. Previous studies assumed that the fossil beach was uplifted during a single earthquake in 365 CE. However, our results from the dating of marine fossils that died due to sudden emergence above sea level, and an assessment of existing historical and archeological records, suggest a series of earthquakes that might have incrementally uplifted the fossil beach. We identify and model a previously overlooked source for these earthquakes (normal faults) and tsunamis and find that these sources perform as well as or better than the traditionally assumed earthquake sources when compared to observations. These results highlight the potential importance of considering normal‐fault earthquake sources in regions where tectonic plates converge and identify future research directions for more comprehensive hazard characterization.
    Description: Key Points: We revisit the source mechanism for the largest historical Mediterranean earthquake. Radiocarbon dating, dislocation, and tsunami modeling support rupture of normal faults as the likely source. These findings suggest a significant tsunami and earthquake hazard from normal faults in the upper plate of retreating subduction zones.
    Description: EC, H2020, H2020 Priority Excellent Science, H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions (MSCA) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 365 CE earthquake ; dislocation modeling ; Mediterranean ; seismic hazard ; tectonics ; tsunami modeling
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Is Coulomb Stress the Best Choice for Aftershock Forecasting? (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) criterion is the most commonly used method for predicting spatial distributions of aftershocks following large earthquakes. However, large uncertainties are always associated with the calculation of Coulomb stress change. The uncertainties mainly arise due to nonunique slip inversions and unknown receiver faults; especially for the latter, results are highly dependent on the choice of the assumed receiver mechanism. Based on binary tests (aftershocks yes/no), recent studies suggest that alternative stress quantities, a distance-slip probabilistic model as well as deep neural network (DNN) approaches, all are superior to CFS with predefined receiver mechanism. To challenge this conclusion, which might have large implications, we use 289 slip inversions from SRCMOD database to calculate more realistic CFS values for a layered half-space and variable receiver mechanisms. We also analyze the effect of the magnitude cutoff, grid size variation, and aftershock duration to verify the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the ranking of stress metrics. The observations suggest that introducing a layered half-space does not improve the stress maps and ROC curves. However, results significantly improve for larger aftershocks and shorter time periods but without changing the ranking. We also go beyond binary testing and apply alternative statistics to test the ability to estimate aftershock numbers, which confirm that simple stress metrics perform better than the classic Coulomb failure stress calculations and are also better than the distance-slip probabilistic model.
    Keywords: 551.22
    Language: English
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modellseismische Untersuchungen von Rayleighwellen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer Deckschicht von variabler Mächtigkeit (2020)
    Reimer, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | ZB 25057:1,1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird der Bau einer modellseismischen Apparatur unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung eines neuen Registriersystems beschrieben. Mit Hilfe eines Biegeschwingers ermöglichte dieses System die reproduzierbare und komponentengetreue Registrierung von Ultraschallimpulsen in Modellplatten für beliebige Meßtiefen und Meßentfernungen in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen. Das ermöglichte die zeichnerische Darstellung der Ultraschallwellen in Form von Hodographen. Nachdem im 2 . Kapitel der vorliegenden Arbeit die Analogie zwischen der Modellseismik und der natürlichen Seismik dargelegt worden ist, werden im 3. und 4. Kapitel der apparative Aufbau und die Versuchsbedingungen beschrieben. Hierbei wird ausführlich auf die Wirkungsweise und die Eichung des Registriersystems eingegangen. Die nachfolgenden modellseismischen Untersuchungen beschränken sich ausschließlich auf das Verhalten der Rayleighwelle unter den verschiedensten Modellbedingungen, wobei das besondere Augenmerk auf das Verhältnis der Horizontalamplitude zur Vertikalamplitude gelegt wurde. Das neue Registriersystem erlaubte erstmalig mit Hilfe der Theorie der zweidimensionalen Wellenausbreitung, die Oberflächenwellen kontinuierlich auch nach der Tiefe verfolgen zu können. Die im 5 . Kapitel mitgeteilten Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen im homogenen Halbraum von Aluminium- und Plexiglasplatten ergaben in Bezug auf die Amplitudenverhältnisse und im Hinblick auf die exponentielle Amplitudenabnahme eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der von LORD RAYLEIGH gegebenen Theorie. Im 6 . Kapitel schließlich wird das Verhalten der Rayleighwelle im Einschichtenmodell bei horizontaler und geneigter Lagerung beschrieben, wobei an die Arbeiten STROBACH's auf dem Gebiete der Mikroseismik i m Hamburger Raum angeknüpft wurde. Das Verhältnis der Vertikal— zur Horizontalamplitude ließ sich für geringe Deckschichtmächtigkeiten durch die Theorie LEE'S befriedigend erklären. Es konnte jedoch experimentell nachgewiesen werden, dass diese Theorie nur ein kleines Teilgebiet beschreibt und in eine umfassendere Theorie eingebaut werden muss. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Rayleighwelle im schallhärteren Grundmaterial als dem besseren Wellenleiter entlang der Schichtgrenze geführt wird und in der Deckschicht zwei Kopfwellen mit sich schleppt. Alle Erscheinungen in der Deckschicht lassen sich als Überlagerung dieser beiden Kopfwellen und ihrer Reflexionen erklären. Überschreitet die Deckschichtmächtigkeit die Phasenumkehrtiefe der freien Rayleighwelle des homogenen Halbraumes, so verwandelt sich die Oberflächenwelle in eine elliptisch polarisierte Scherwelle -kurz "refraktierte Rayleighwelle" genannt-, die weiterhin die zwei Kopfwellen in Form einer p-Welle und einer s-Welle in der Deckschicht nachschleppt, gleichzeitig ist von dieser Schichtdicke an, die Existenzbedingung für eine freie Rayleighwelle in der Deckschicht erfüllt. Die Modellseismischen Registrierungen waren den Registrierungen der Mikroseismik nahezu analog. Der Nachweis der beiden Kopfwellen in der Deckschicht ermöglichte eine Erklärung der Tendenz der mikroseismischen Partikelbewegung zur linearen Polarisation. Bei geneigter Lagerung werden die Kopfwellen nicht mehr unter den Grenzwinkeln von der freien Oberfläche zur Schichtgrenze reflektiert. Ein Teil der seismischen Energie geht dadurch in Form von Körperwellen der Deckschicht verloren und kann in der Natur nach der Reflexion an tieferen Horizonten wieder in Form von SV-Wellen an der Oberfläche in Erscheinung treten.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; Seismische Instrumente, Observatorien {Seismologie} ; Seismische Wellen {Geophysik} ; Rayleighwelle ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi
    Format: 130
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Introduction: Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This publication developed from the 5th International Colloquium on “Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics and Seismic Hazard” which was held from 11 to 13 October 2017 at the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in Hannover, Germany. It comprises four contributions: Brüstle, W., Braumann, U., Hock, S. & Rodler, F.-A. (2020). Best practice of macroseismic intensity assessment applied to the earthquake catalogue of southwestern Germany. In: Kaiser, D. (Ed.). Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics, and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures, DGEB-Publikation 18, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik. doi: 10.23689/fidgeo-3864 Camelbeeck, T., Vanneste, K., Verbeeck, K., Garcia-Moreno, D., Van Noten, K. & Lecocq, T. (2020). How well does known seismicity between the Lower Rhine Graben and southern North Sea reflect future earthquake activity? In: Kaiser, D. (Ed.). Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics, and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures, DGEB-Publikation 18, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik. doi: 10.23689/fidgeo-3866 Hürtgen, J., Reicherter, K., Spies, T., Geisler, C. & Schlittenhardt, J. (2020). The Paleoseismic Database of Germany and Adjacent Regions PalSeisDB v1.0. In: Kaiser, D. (Ed.). Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics, and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures, DGEB-Publikation 18, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik. doi: 10.23689/fidgeo-3867 Leydecker, G. & Lehmann, K. (2020). The earthquake of September 3, 1770 near Alfhausen (Lower Saxony, Germany): a real, doubtful, or a fake event? In: Kaiser, D. (Ed.). Historical Earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Neotectonics, and Seismic Hazard: New Insights and Suggested Procedures, DGEB-Publikation 18, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik. doi: 10.23689/fidgeo-3865
    Description: Introduction to DGEB-Publikation Nr. 18 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erdbebeningenieurwesen und Baudynamik (DGEB)
    Description: editorial
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550 ; e-docs::Geophysik ; Historical earthquakes ; Paleoseismology ; macroseismic intensity ; neotectonics ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: article_first
    Format: 2
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High‐Frequency (6 Hz) PKPab Precursors and Their Sensitivity to Deep Earth Heterogeneity (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: We present observations on a new precursory phase of seismic waves scattered in the deep Earth. This phase arrives prior to the PKPab wave at epicentral distances larger than 155°, and we call it PKPab precursor. We show that the presence of the PKPab precursor is a necessary consequence of scattering in D″, which is the commonly accepted cause of the PKPdf precursor at distances smaller than 145°. PKPdf waves that propagate through the inner core should arrive before the PKPab precursor but those, are strongly attenuated in the inner core at frequencies between 4 Hz and 8 Hz used here, making the PKPab precursor the earliest teleseismic signal at distances larger than 155°. Calculated PKPab precursor sensitivity kernel shows that this phase is mostly sensitive to scattering along the closest PKPbc path between source and receiver. It can thus help to constrain the lateral distribution of heterogeneity along D″.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: A new discovered seismic signal recorded far away from earthquakes, by stations on the other side of Earth, will help to study the properties of the core–mantle boundary. We use high frequencies at which seismic waves do not propagate through the Earth's inner core but are instead propagated around it by deflection at heterogeneity located along the core–mantle boundary.
    Description: Key Points: PKP precursor observed at distance beyond 155°. D″ scattering of teleseismic waves at 6 Hz. Radiative transfer simulation used to locate regions of heterogeneity.
    Description: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Keywords: 551.22 ; CMB ; deep Earth ; PKP precursor ; radiative transfer simulation ; scattering sensitivity ; wave scattering
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Local Earthquake Tomography at Los Humeros Geothermal Field (Mexico) (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: A passive seismic experiment using 25 broadband and 20 short‐period stations was conducted between September 2017 and September 2018 at Los Humeros geothermal field, an important natural laboratory for superhot geothermal systems in Mexico. From the recorded local seismicity, we derive a minimum 1‐D velocity model and obtain 3‐D Vp and Vp/Vs structures of Los Humeros. We improved the classical local earthquake tomography by using a postprocessing statistical approach. Several inversions were computed and averaged to reduce artifacts introduced by the model parametrization and to increase the resolution of the investigated region. Finally, the resulting Vp and Vp/Vs structures and associated seismicity were integrated with newly acquired geophysical and petrophysical data for comprehensive interpretation. The recorded seismicity is mainly grouped in three clusters, two of which seem directly related to exploitation activities. By combining new laboratory measurements and existing well data with our Vp model, we estimate possible geological unit boundaries. One large intrusion‐like body in the Vp model, together with neighboring high Vp/Vs anomalies, hints at a region of active resurgence or uplift due to the intrusion of new magma at the northern portion of the geothermal field. We interpret high Vp/Vs features as fluid bearing regions potentially favorable for further geothermal exploitation. Deep reaching permeable faults cutting the reservoir unit could explain fluid flow from a deeper local heat source in the area.
    Description: Key Points: High‐quality earthquake data were collected to image the Vp and Vp/Vs models for the first time at Los Humeros geothermal field (Mexico). Inversions were performed by extending the classical earthquake tomography using a postprocessing statistical approach. Geological unit boundaries and fluid and gas bearing zones were interpreted considering new geological, geophysical, and petrophysical data.
    Description: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013704
    Description: EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (H2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102
    Keywords: 551.22 ; Los Humeros ; geothermal exploration ; induced and local seismicity ; P and S velocity structure
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stable Isotope Composition of Cyclone Mekunu Rainfall, Southern Oman (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Cyclone Mekunu hit the southern Arabian Peninsula in late May 2018 and brought rainfall amounts that accounted for up to 6 times the mean annual precipitation. Coming from the Arabian Sea, a quite underdocumented region with regard to cyclones, the storm eye crossed the Omani coast approximately 80 km east of the border to Yemen. Using automatic samplers, rainfall samples were collected during the event at three locations along a transect almost parallel to the storm track. The stable isotope analyses show a wide range of δ values, with minimum and maximum values of −17.01‰ δ18O and −1.77‰ δ18O and −122.2‰ δ2H and −1.6‰ δ2H. On average, rainfall becomes isotopically lighter with elevation, but rather irregularly. In view of high wind speeds probably precluding a gradual rainout of ascending air masses, a “pseudo elevation effect” seems likely. Our measurements expand the known δ value range of local cyclones by about 6‰ for δ18O and by nearly 50‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of the annual Indian Summer Monsoon shows values of −0.93‰ δ18O to 2.21‰ δ18O and −2.1‰ δ2H to 23.7‰ δ2H. Thus, there is a clear difference in the dual isotope signatures of the two precipitation systems in the area. Our findings enable an assessment of the impact of cyclones on the hydro(geo)logical system. For the arid Najd area, we demonstrate that the isotopic signatures of groundwater samples fall between those of cyclone and (paleo)monsoon precipitation, suggesting that several rainfall types may have contributed to replenishment.
    Description: Key Points: We conducted high‐resolution sampling of a tropical cyclone from the Arabian Sea for stable isotope and hydrochemical analyses. The strong depletion in heavy isotopes and large intra‐event variations confirm observations from tropical storms elsewhere. There was no overlap with the isotopic fingerprint of local monsoon rains.
    Description: The Research Council (TRC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004787
    Description: The Research Council of Oman
    Keywords: 551.5 ; tropical cyclone ; stable isotopes ; precipitation ; paleoclimate ; Oman ; Arabian Sea
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Using a Large‐n Seismic Array to Explore the Robustness of Spectral Estimations (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Spectral analysis is widely used to estimate and refine earthquake source parameters such as source radius, seismic moment, and stress drop. This study aims to quantify the precision of the single spectra and empirical Green's function spectral ratio approach using the Large‐n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) array. The dense station coverage in an area of local saltwater disposal offers a unique opportunity to observe and quantify radiation pattern effects and subsequent precision of spectral estimates of small earthquakes (M 〈 3). The results suggest that the precision of source properties estimated from direct phase arrivals for arrays with less than 20 stations should be assumed to be not less than 30% and could be as high as 150% if less than five stations are used. Furthermore, we do not see clear evidence for, or against, a scaling of stress drop with magnitude of small earthquakes (M 〈 3) as observed by other studies.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Seismologists use ground motion recordings of seismic waves (seismograms) to infer details about the earthquake rupture process. While large earthquakes often generate a physical imprint on the earth's surface through surface rupture, small earthquakes can often only be studied from seismograms. Nevertheless, small earthquakes are of particular interest to learning about the rupture process for many reasons. For example, they are much more numerous than larger magnitude earthquakes and might rupture by the same physical process(es). While seismic arrays are usually restricted to a few to tens of stations, here we use a very large seismic array with 〉1,800 temporary stations to study small earthquakes and how station resolution may bias source property estimates. Source properties include the physical size of the rupture surface and the corresponding slip on that surface, which relate to the amount of stress released by the earthquake. The large number of stations allows us to estimate the source properties in unique detail and test the variability in measurements using different numbers of stations to estimate the precision. We find that the estimation of source properties is highly biased when using a small number of stations (〈20), which should be taken under consideration in future studies.
    Description: Key Points: We used a Large‐n Seismic Array to investigate the robustness of direct wave spectral estimates. P wave single spectra reveal azimuthal dependency of corner frequency and long‐ period spectral amplitudes. P wave single spectra and spectral ratio corner frequency estimates are highly biased by using a small number of stations.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.22 ; 550.34 ; earthquake source ; spectral estimations ; very large seismic array
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Hemispheric and Seasonal Contrast in Cloud Thermodynamic Phase From A‐Train Spaceborne Instruments (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Aerosol‐cloud interactions are an important source of uncertainty in current climate models. To understand and quantify the influence of ice‐nucleating particles in cloud glaciation, it is crucial to have a reliable estimation of the hemispheric and seasonal contrast in cloud top phase, which is believed to result from the higher dust aerosol loading in boreal spring. For this reason, we locate and quantify these contrasts by combining three different A‐Train cloud‐phase products for the period 2007–2010. These products rely on a spaceborne lidar, a lidar‐radar synergy, and a radiometer‐polarimeter synergy. We show that the cloud‐phase from the product combination is more reliable and that the estimation of the hemispheric and seasonal contrast has a lower error compared to the individual products. To quantify the contrast in cloud‐phase, we use the hemispheric difference in ice cloud frequency normalized by the liquid cloud frequency in the southern hemisphere between −42 °C and 0 °C. In the midlatitudes, from −15 to −30 °C, the hemispheric contrasts increase with decreasing temperature. At −30 °C, the hemispheric contrast varies from 29% to 39% for the individual cloud‐phase products and from 52% to 73% for the product combination. Similarly, in the northern hemisphere, we assess the seasonal contrast between spring and fall normalized by the liquid cloud frequency during fall. At −30 °C, the seasonal contrast ranges from 21% to 39% for the individual cloud‐phase products and from 54% to 75% for the product combination.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The influence of atmospheric particles on clouds is one of the main unknowns in climate predictions. Particularly, the cloud glaciation process and its dependence on desert dust and soot particles are not well‐understood. To better understand the differences in cloud glaciation between hemispheres, we counted liquid and ice cloud tops, as observed from four different satellites, during 4 years. Combining these observations, we could confirm a higher frequency of ice cloud tops during spring in the northern hemisphere. We found that the contrast between hemispheres is higher than previously thought. These results will help to improve our understanding of cloud glaciation processes, which can be valuable for future climate predictions and for understanding the impact of aerosols on radiation and precipitation.
    Description: Key Points: A satellite product ensemble was used to locate and quantify the hemispheric and seasonal contrast in cloud top thermodynamic phase. At −30 °C, half of the liquid cloud tops observed in the southern hemisphere would glaciate in the northern hemisphere. The new product ensemble is more reliable than the individual products and suggests a previous underestimation of the cloud‐phase contrasts.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; cloud glaciation ; cloud‐phase ; hemispheric contrast ; heterogeneous freezing ; ice particles ; INP
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mesospheric Q2DW Interactions With Four Migrating Tides at 53°N Latitude: Zonal Wavenumber Identification Through Dual‐Station Approaches (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Mesospheric winds from two longitudinal sectors at 53°N latitude are combined to investigate quasi‐two‐day waves (Q2DWs) and their nonlinear interactions with tides. In a summer 2019 case study, we diagnose the zonal wavenumber m of spectral peaks at expected frequencies through two dual‐station approaches, a phase differencing technique (PDT) on individual spectral peaks and a least squares procedure on family batched peaks. Consistent results from the approaches verify the occurrences of Rossby‐gravity modes (m = 3 and 4 at periods T = 2.1  and 1.7 days), and their secondary waves (SWs) generated from interactions with diurnal, semi‐diurnal, ter‐diurnal, and quatra‐diurnal migrating tides. We further extend the PDT to 2012–2019, illustrating that Q2DWs exhibit significant interannual variability. Composite analysis reveals seasonal and altitude variations of the Rossby‐gravity modes and their SWs. The Rossby‐gravity modes maximize in local summer, whereas their 16‐ and 9.6‐h SWs appear more in winter.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The quasi‐two‐day wave is the strongest and most widely studied planetary wave occurring in the mesosphere. Existing observational analyses are based on either single‐satellite or ‐station approaches, which suffer from temporal and spatial aliasing, respectively. The current study implements and develops dual‐station approaches to investigate the mesospheric quasi‐two‐day wave at 53°N latitude, in a case and a statistical study. Our approaches allow diagnosing both the frequency and zonal wavenumber. In the case study, we diagnosed two Rossby‐gravity modes and the secondary waves (SWs) of the nonlinear interactions between the Rossby‐gravity modes and the migrating tides at periods of 24, 12, 8, and 6 h. While the interactions with the 24‐ and 12‐h tides are expected, those with the 8‐ and 6‐h tides are reported for the first time. In the statistical study, we report the seasonality and altitude variation of the Rossby‐gravity modes and their most dominant SWs.
    Description: Key Points: Multi‐station approaches are developed and applied to diagnose zonal wavenumber m of near‐2‐day, ‐16‐h, ‐9.6‐h, and ‐6.9‐h spectral peaks. Diagnosed are Rossby‐gravity modes with m = 3 and 4, and their secondary waves from nonlinear interactions with 24‐, 12‐, 8‐, and 6‐h migrating tides. Seasonally, the most dominant near‐2‐day, ‐16‐h, ‐9.6‐h waves occur in summer, winter, and winter, respectively.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling ; cross‐wavelet ; mesosphere ; quasi‐two‐days ; Rossby‐gravity wave ; zonal wavenumber
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nonstationarity of the link between the Tropics and the summer East Atlantic pattern (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Chichester, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: A 700‐year pre‐industrial control run with the MPI‐ESM‐LR model is used to investigate the link between the summer East Atlantic (SEA) pattern and the Pacific‐Caribbean rainfall dipole (PCD), a link that has previously been shown using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. In the model, it is found that the link between the SEA and PCD is present in some multidecadal epochs but not in others. A simple statistical model reproduces this behaviour. In the statistical model, the SEA is represented by a white noise process plus a weak influence from the PCD based on the full 700 years of the model run. The statistical model is relevant to other extratropical modes of variability, for example, the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), that are weakly influenced by the Tropics. It follows that the link between the Tropics and the winter NAO is likely to undergo modulation on multidecadal time scales, as found in some previous studies. The results suggest that any predictability of the SEA, and by implication the NAO, based on tropical rainfall may not be robust and may, in fact, be modulated on multidecadal time scales, with implications for seasonal and decadal prediction systems.
    Description: The positive phase of the SEA is associated with warm summers in Europe. The figure shows the running correlation in 51 year windows between the SEA index and the corresponding tropical rainfall index in a long pre‐industrial model run. The link between tropical rainfall and the SEA exists only in some decadal epochs, shown by the green shading, implying that predictability of the SEA based on tropical rainfall can be expected to vary on multidecadal time scales.
    Keywords: 551.5 ; nonstationarity ; seasonal prediction ; summer East Atlantic pattern
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Binomial Stochastic Framework for Efficiently Modeling Discrete Statistics of Convective Populations (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Understanding the coupling between convective clouds and the general circulation, as well as addressing the gray zone problem in convective parameterization, requires insight into the genesis and maintenance of spatial patterns in cumulus cloud populations. In this study, a simple toy model for recreating populations of interacting convective objects as distributed over a two‐dimensional Eulerian grid is formulated to this purpose. Key elements at the foundation of the model include i) a fully discrete formulation for capturing discrete behavior in convective properties at small population sample sizes, ii) object age‐dependence for representing life‐cycle effects, and iii) a prognostic number budget allowing for object interactions and co‐existence of multiple species. A primary goal is to optimize the computational efficiency of this system. To this purpose the object birth rate is represented stochastically through a spatially aware Bernoulli process. The same binomial stochastic operator is applied to horizontal advection of objects, conserving discreteness in object number. The applicability to atmospheric convection as well as behavior implied by the formulation is assessed. Various simple applications of the BiOMi model (Binomial Objects on Microgrids) are explored, suggesting that important convective behavior can be captured at low computational cost. This includes i) subsampling effects and associated powerlaw scaling in the convective gray zone, ii) stochastic predator‐prey behavior, iii) the downscale turbulent energy cascade, and iv) simple forms of spatial organization and convective memory. Consequences and opportunities for convective parameterization in next‐generation weather and climate models are discussed.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Convective clouds play a crucial role in Earth's climate. The way they interact with the atmospheric circulation is not well understood, and is associated with long‐standing problems in weather forecasting and climate prediction. Recent research has suggested that the spatial structure of these cloud fields is a key factor in this problem, and that improving our understanding of such convective cloud patterns is crucial for making progress. This study explores a new model framework for generating such cloud patterns, consisting of populations of convective objects on small grids. The objects are born in a random way, complete a life cycle, and can freely move around on the grid. They can also interact and form larger clusters, obeying certain rules of interaction. The way the objects behave and move around features some key innovations compared to previous ecosystem models of this kind. These are introduced to optimize the performance and reduce run time on a computer. Various experiments are conducted to explore the new model, illustrating that well‐known behavior of convective populations is reproduced. These tests also highlight opportunities created for improving convection in weather and climate models.
    Description: Key Points: A scale‐aware stochastic number generator based on a Bernoulli process is applied to model object births and advection on Eulerian grids. Discreteness in object number is conserved, while an age dimension is included to represent object life cycle effects. Population subsampling effects in the convective gray zone are reproduced, while simple applications capture well‐known convective behavior.
    Description: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015
    Keywords: 551.5 ; binomial sampling ; convective clouds ; gray zone ; microgrids ; object interactions ; population modeling
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ökologische Steuerreform auf dem Weg zur Wirklichkeit : zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen (1995)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ökologische Steuerreform : eine Diskussion einiger kritischer Einwände (1995)
    Chur : Rüegger | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Die Frühwarnzeit im Treibhaus Erde ist abgelaufen : Vorgeschichte und Zukunftsperspektiven des Berliner Klimamandats (1995)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The first conference of the parties : UN/Convention on Climate Change (1995)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stellungnahme zu den Eckpunkten für den Einstieg in eine ökologisch-soziale Steuerreform der Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (1995)
    Köln/Wuppertal : Die Grünen | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Großbritannien : interessante Ideen auf nationaler Ebene (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Niederlande : ökonomisch akzeptable Steuerreform (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Eine Bilanz des Scheiterns : Entwicklung und Ergebnisse der EU-Umweltpolitik (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wegweiser in die Zukunft : Perspektiven und Konzepte für den Strukturwandel im Ruhrgebiet (1996)
    Essen : Klartext-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Zukunft der Arbeit : Wege aus der Krise (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ökologische Steuerreform : für einen zukunftsfähigen Umgang mit Kapital (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Plädoyer für den Ausbau der Windenergie in Deutschland (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vom Wasser- zum Klimapfennig? : Abschöpfung bei Vorteilen aus Ressourcennutzung bestätigt (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Umkehr der Anreizstruktur durch die Ökonomie des Vermeidens (1996)
    Bonn : Dietz | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Klasse statt Masse : eine zukunftsfähige Wirtschaft braucht eine bessere Infrastruktur (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Welche politischen Antworten sich auf die "Krise der planetarischen Ressourcen" abzeichnen (1996)
    Hamburg : VSA-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    La pianificazione integrata delle risorse (IRP) in Germania : esperienze e tendenze (1996)
    Padova : Instituto di Ingegneria Gestionale | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Italian
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Regionales CO2-Minderungskonzept für das bergische Städtedreieck Solingen, Wuppertal, Remscheid : Endbericht. Band I: Grundlagen, Energieversorgung, Energieverwendung im Gebäudesektor (1996)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gutachten zu offenen Fragen der Gemeinde Horno im Konflikt um den Braunkohletagebau Jänschwalde : mit Streitlisten und Stellungnahmen (1996)
    Basel : Syntropie - Stiftung für Zukunftsgestaltung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Die Wende zur ökologischen Zukunft: ohne Respekt vor der Natur und globale Kooperation wird die Zukunft nicht zu gewinnen sein (1997)
    Stuttgart : Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Kein Platz für Menschen? : der Konflikt zwischen Naturschutz und Nachhaltigkeit (1997)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Der Handwerkskasten der Umweltpolitik (1997)
    Berlin : Ed. Sigma | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wer fällt in die Globalisierungsfalle? (1997)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Green taxes come to Europe (1997)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ein Gewinn für Wirtschaft und Umwelt (1998)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Die Privatisierung der Umweltpolitik in Großbritannien (1998)
    Bonn : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ökologie, Gerechtigkeit und das Ende der Entwicklung (1997)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ungeahnte Sprünge : aus dem Bremser Großbritannien wird ein Zugpferd (1998)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Pilotprojekte Einspar-Contracting und Interacting in NRW : Endbericht. Projektteil A: Begleitung und Evaluierung der vom Land NRW initiierten Pilotprojekte zum Einspar-Contracting (1998)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Wo ein Wille, da ein Weg : Dänemark als Vorreiter in der Umwelt- und Steuerpolitik (1998)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...