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  • English  (463)
  • 2005-2009  (463)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1980-1984  (4)
  • 2005  (463)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Call number: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Call number: M 18.91571
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Series Statement: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Call number: M 15.89146
    Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S., , Ill.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 5
  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-994
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 21 x 21 cm
    ISSN: 1618-3703
    Former Title: Vorgänger: Zweijahresbericht / Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Subsequent Title: Fortsetzung Zweijahresbericht ... / AWI, Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
    Language: German , English
    Note: Erscheint alle 2 Jahre , Text in deutscher und englischer Sprache
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 7
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    In:  Scientific Drilling
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)
    In:  IAHS Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-02-26
    Description: This paper presents a first evaluation of the ESPRIT approach in polarimetric interferometric SAR. This evaluation is carried out by using 3D images obtained by SAR tomographic like an alternative to the acquisition of ground-truth data, which is an extremely complex task in the case of volume areas. All parameters over a volumetric area are directly visible in a tomographic image and can, therefore, be employed to validate the ESPRIT approach by comparing parameters generated by ESPRIT and the SAR tomography approach. This allows to identify the principal deficiencies of the ESPRIT method, which occur over high vegetation areas, where there is a misinterpretation of the ESPRIT results. Whereas, the ESPRIT approach is useful for building characterisation, identifying a good applicability area. Airborne L-band repeat-pass interferometric data of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) experimental airborne SAR are used to perform this evaluation.
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    In:  Proceedings
    Publication Date: 2021-02-26
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 16
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The purpose of this study is to refine the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Vanuatu. The analysis is complicated by inconsistencies of the global and local data for the investigated region and systematic inadequacies of the attenuation relation available. An additional aspect in the field of which more research would be desirable is the de-clustering algorithm for the identification of dependent earthquakes. In order to quantify the inevitable uncertainties associated with our results, we used a Logic Tree approach. The report is subdivided into seven chapters. Chapter 2 summarises the geology and tectonic setting of the Vanuatu island arc. Prior scientific investigations will be sketched briefly and to the degree to which they are relevant for our further considerations. The consecutive Chapter 3 describes the different data sources used for the calculations. Together, the local earthquake catalogue provided by the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le D´eveloppement) and the global catalogues constitute a comprehensive data base for the region. The homogenisation of different catalogues required the conversion of magnitudes through maximum likelihood regressions. Chapter 4 gives a brief overview over the methodological concept applied. The implementation of the Cornell methodology involves two key steps: The first step is to construct a seismicity model (Chapter 5) including the definition of source zones and seismicity parameters characterising the level and type of activity in the respective zone. The second step is to determine an appropriate attenuation relation for the earthquake-generated ground motion in dependence of magnitude and distance. Chapter 6 compares several attenuation relations from the recent geophysical literature. We argue that the modeling of attenuation is the weakest link in this analysis and the major source of uncertainty. The new seismic hazard maps are presented and discussed in Chapter 7. The map that we consider to be the most relevant is also shown on the inner title page of this report. Our findings indicate that the seismic hazard in Vanuatu has been underestimated by prior assessments such as the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Programme GSHAP (cf. Fig. 1.1).
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This study is concerned with the forward modelling of the present-day glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) of the earth to present and past changes of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). We predict temporal variations in the geoid height and topographic height within the context of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission and terrestrial Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in Antarctica.
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We thank Dahlen & Nolet for the comments (DN05) on our paper (HH05). There are many points of agreement, as we think is clear from HH05, but we respectfully continue to differ in opinion on some fundamental aspects of the finite frequency sensitivity kernels known as 'banana doughnut' kernels—hereinafter BDKs, as per the original nomenclature of Dahlen et al.—and their benefit to global tomography. In contrast to DN05's summary statement, HH05's main concern about BDKs is not the effect of uncertainty in the earthquake source signature or origin time. HH05 argue that (i) the evaluation of sensitivity kernels in simple media has limitations for the interpretation of broad-band signals by means of (linearized) finite frequency tomography; (ii) finite frequency kernels are (indeed) oscillatory, but in general heterogeneity their structure will be complex and different from BD features; (iii) the resolved length scales of model variations are induced by the spectral scales present in the data, which makes the notion of 'hole' irrelevant; and (iv) with the need for 'damping' (regularization) and without a basis that matches properly the multi-scale aspects of finite frequency sensitivity, ray theory or finite frequency theory inversions are likely to yield results that are practically the same.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of Mw 9.3 triggered a massive tsunami in the Indian Ocean. We here report on observations of the Indian Ocean tsunami at broadband seismic stations located on islands in the area. The tsunami induces long-period (〉1000 s) signals on the horizontal components of the sensor. Frequency-time analysis shows that the long-period signals cannot be due to seismic surface waves, but that it arrives at the expected time of the tsunami. The waveforms are well correlated to tide gauge observations at a location where both observations are available. To explain the signals we favour tilt due to coastal loading but we cannot at the present stage exclude gravitational effects. The density of broadband stations is expected to increase rapidly in the effort of building an earthquake monitoring system. They may unexpectedly become useful tsunami detectors as well.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 24
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    Springer
    In:  International Association of Geodesy Symposia
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The lAG International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid, and Space Missions 2004 (GGSM2004) was lield in the beautiful city of Porto, Portugal, from 30 August to 3 September 2004. This symposium encompassed the themes of Commission 2 (Gravity Field) of the newly structured lAG, as well as interdisciplinary topics related to geoid and gravity modeling, with special attention given to the current and planned gravi- dedicated satellite missions. The symposium also followed in the tradition of mid-term meetings that were held between the quadrennial joint meetings of the International Geoid and Gravity Commissions. The previous mid-term meetings were the International Symposia on Gravity, Geoid, and Marine Geodesy (Tokyo, 1996), and Gravity, Geoid, and Geodynamics (Banff, 2000). GGSM2004 aimed to bring together scientists from different areas in the geosciences, working with gravity and geoid related problems, both from the theoretical and practical points of view. Topics of interest included the integration of heterogeneous data and contributions from satellite and airborne techniques to the study of the spatial and temporal variations of the gravity field. In addition to the special focus on the CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE satellite missions, attention was also directed toward projects addressing topographic and ice field mapping using SAR, LIDAR, and laser altimetry, as well as missions and studies related to planetary geodesy.
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Over the years, teleseismic tomography has developed to be a sophisticated method to study the Earth's upper mantle on a regional scale. Using data from tomographic experiments with temporary station networks, one faces some inherent problems, which include limited resolution at depth and artefacts due to a plane-wave approximation at the bottom of the model volume. Simultaneous inversion of dense regionally recorded teleseismic and global P-wave traveltime data provides an opportunity to overcome these specific problems. The calculation of the entire ray path using a 3-D ray tracing algorithm and a non-linear iterative inversion scheme allow to localize heterogeneities in the Earth's mantle and to improve resolution at depth. Application of a variable parametrization scheme provides not only a regional high-resolution model but additionally allows to include a priori constrained structures such as a crustal model derived from independent studies. We investigated the effect of different inversion strategies for a priori constrained model parameters and found that, for upper-mantle studies, one must allow further perturbation of the known velocity structure during inversion to avoid artefacts down to the mantle transition zone. We apply this approach to the Romanian Vrancea region in Southeastern Europe. The results show a near-vertical, narrow high-velocity body underneath that region extending down to 280 km depth, approximately outlining the narrowly spaced seismogenic volume and a deeper, differently oriented positive anomaly coupled to the shallower segment at the latter's southwestern edge. At north, northwest and west of the Vrancea region, we find an extended region of decreased seismic P-wave velocity down to 200 km depth, being interpreted as a shallow lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary and asthenospheric mantle flow due to lateral migration of the high-velocity body. From synthetic reconstruction tests, we found that inversion of the combined data set of regionally recorded teleseismic and global traveltime data enhances resolution up to depths greater than could be resolved by the teleseismic data alone.
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    GeoForschungsZentrum
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This report describes the set-up, logistics and results of the MEXAGE (Mexican Aero-Geophysical Survey) survey (Figure 0.1). It gives a short overview about the scientific intentions, detailed documentation of all technical aspects starting from the survey equipment via the aircraft installation to the GPS stations set-up to the experiences in flight. The processing results for the individual profiles are briefly discussed.
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: [1] We used regional broadband seismograms to determine seismic moment tensors for the destructive May 21, 2003 Boumerdes (Algeria) M-w = 7.0 earthquake and its larger aftershocks. Fully automatic inversions using near-real time data provided solutions for seven M-w 〉= 4.7 events within 90 minutes after event occurrence. After adding off-line data, we manually obtained 30 solutions (M-w 〉= 3.8) from May 2003 to January 2004. All have shallow source depths (6-21 km). The median P-axis orientation (338 degrees) of 24 thrust and four strike-slip events is consistent with Africa-Eurasia plate motion (330 degrees). The main shock hypocenter at 8-10 km depth at the coastline and its shallow southward dip (25 degrees +/- 5 degrees) puts the fault surface trace 15-20 km offshore, consistent with documented seafloor deformation at the base of the continental slope. A main shock rupture length of about 50 km is deduced from first day aftershocks and location of strike-slip events. The strike-slip events probably define the western rupture end and indicate a left-step of main convergence. Fault strike variability of thrust events suggests fault orientation changes and possibly fault segmentation.
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The present study focuses on the seismic structure and petrological composition of the lower crust and uppermost mantle beneath the presently active swarm-earthquake region and CO2 degassing field Vogtland/NW-Bohemia. The results of this study also include the first average crustal vp/vs ratios on a local scale in the area under investigation. The vp/vs ratios range from 1.63 to 1.89 with a mean value of 1.73.
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This paper reviews the complex crustal and upper-mantle seismic velocity structure of Ireland and surrounding seas. Data from 11 seismic refraction profiles reveal that onshore Ireland mean crustal velocities range between 6.25 and 6.5 km s(-1) with crustal thickness of 28.5-32 km. Superimposed on a three-layer crust, the sedimentary layer has a thickness of approximately 6-8 km at the southern coastline, but only 3-4 km in the vicinity of the Shannon Estuary in western Ireland. The lateral heterogeneity of the upper-crustal layer is pervasive throughout Ireland, with velocities of 5.7-6.2 km s(-1) and a layer thickness of 3-10 km. A low-velocity zone is found in the south-east which is interpreted as the buried south-western extension of the Leinster Granite. The mid-crustal layer (6.3-6.7 km s(-1)) is between 8 and 16 km thick. Significant changes occur in the vicinity of the Shannon Estuary, around the location of the Iapetus Suture Zone. The lower crust is fairly uniform with velocities of 6.8-7.2 km s(-1) and a thickness of approximately 8-10 km except towards the south of Ireland where the Moho appears as a transition zone. Offshore Ireland, a two-layer crust with a thickness of 24-26 km beneath the North Celtic Sea Basin and only 14-15 km beneath the Rockall Trough prevails.
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The purpose of this work is to derive a 3-D tomographic image of the shear wave velocity structure of the crust — uppermost mantle in the Aegean area using the group velocities of Rayleigh wave fundamental mode. The database consists of 185 regional earthquakes recorded at broad-band stations that were installed for a period of 6 month in the Aegean area within the framework of a large-scale experiment. In a previous work (Karagianni et al. 2002), an averaged group velocity has been determined using the method of frequency time analysis (FTAN) for each epicentre–station ray path and the data were used in order to determine the local group velocities for different periods over the area covered by the seismic ray paths. Taking into account additional resolution results obtained for the local group velocities, a grid of 0.5° was adopted for the Aegean area and a local dispersion curve was defined for each gridpoint. More than 80 local dispersion curves were finally inverted using a non-linear inversion approach, deriving the corresponding 1-D shear velocity models. The interpolation of these models resulted in a 3-D S-wave tomographic image of the crust and uppermost mantle in the broader Aegean area. As expected, as a result of the complex tectonic setting of the Aegean area, strong lateral variations of the S-wave velocities of the crust and uppermost mantle of the studied area are found. In the southern Aegean sea, as well as in a large part of the central Aegean sea a thin crust of approximately 20–22 km is observed, whereas the remaining Aegean sea area exhibits a crustal thickness less than 28–30 km. On the contrary, a crustal thickness of 40–46 km is observed in western Greece along the Hellenides mountain range, whereas in the eastern continental Greece the crust has a typical thickness of approximately 30–34 km. For shallow depths (〈10 km) low S-wave velocities are observed under the sedimentary basins of the north Aegean sea, the Gulf of Thermaikos (Axios basin) and western Greece. At depths ranging from 10 to 20 km, low S-wave velocities are mainly found in western Greece under Peloponnesus as well as in Rhodes. This low-velocity zone seems to extend along the Hellenic arc and can be correlated to the Hellenides mountain range and the Alpine orogenesis, in agreement with previous P-wave tomographic results. In the southern Aegean sea very low S-wave velocities (3.6–4.0 km s−1) are observed at depths of approximately 30–40 km just below the Moho discontinuity, while in the rest of the inner Aegean sea and continental Greece the uppermost mantle is characterized by velocities around 4.3–4.4 km s−1. This low-velocity zone in the southern Aegean sea can be associated with the high temperatures and the presence of significant percentage partial melt in the mantle wedge of the southern Aegean subduction zone, in agreement with previous studies.
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Contrasts in the seismic structure of the lithosphere within and between elements of the Australian Craton are imaged using surface wave tomography. New data from the WACRATON and TIGGER experiments are integrated with re-processed data from previous temporary deployments of broad-band seismometers and permanent seismic stations. The much improved path coverage in critical regions allows an interpretation of structures in the west of Australia, and a detailed comparison between different cratonic regions. Improvements to the waveform inversion procedure and a new multi-scale tomographic method increase the reliability of the tomographic images. In the shallowest part of the model (75 km) a region of lowered velocity is imaged beneath central Australia, and confirmed by the delayed arrival times of body waves for short paths. Within the cratonic lithosphere there is clearly structure at scale lengths of a few hundred kilometres; resolution tests indicate that path coverage within the continent is sufficient to reveal features of this size in the upper part of our model. In Western Australia, differences are seen beneath and within the Archaean cratons: at depths greater than 150 km faster velocities are imaged beneath the Yilgarn Craton than beneath the Pilbara Craton. In the complex North Australian Craton a fast wavespeed anomaly continuing to at least 250 km is observed below parts of the craton, suggesting the possibility of Archaean lithosphere underlying areas of dominantly Proterozoic surface geology. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • 36
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    International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA)
    In:  IAGA Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 37
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    International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Office at Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut
    In:  IAG Traveux
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 39
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 40
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    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: An earthquake catalog containing a uniform size estimate is important for long-term seismic hazard assessment in regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. During the update of the Earthquake Catalog of Switzerland (ECOS), we performed regression analyses to convert all earthquake size information in ECOS to physically meaningful moment magnitude M-w. For 34 events in and near Switzerland, we determined seismic moment (thus Mw) by regional waveform inversion. Independent Mw estimates for the same events do not exist; however, Mw from European-Mediterranean events, obtained in the same way, agree with M, from Harvard CMT solutions. All other size estimates, M-L, M-D, m(b), M-S, and intensities, are calibrated relative to these 34 events. Teleseismic M-S and m(b) from international data centers are directly regressed against M-w. Most observations in ECOS consist of local magnitudes (ML, MD) and intensities. For local magnitudes, we first calibrated the Swiss Seismological Service's M-L. Then we calibrated magnitudes from observatories in neighboring countries (France, Germany, Italy) using only events in the border region (e.g., France-Switzerland). Modern instrumental records exist only since the mid-1970s. We calibrated the macroseismic dataset, which represents by far the largest period in the catalog, by determining surface wave magnitude M-S for stronger twentieth century Swiss earthquakes from analog seismograms. These M-S, which were converted to M-w, connect intensities and M-w. After calibration, all 20,300 events in ECOS have a unified M-w, including a class-type uncertainty estimate based on the original magnitude scale. ECOS covers the period 250-2001, from 44 degrees N to 51 degrees N and 4 degrees E to 13 degrees E. The largest event in ECOS is the 1356 M-w 6.9 Basle earthquake.
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  • 41
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 43
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
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  • 44
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Tomographic images of the distribution of shear-wave speed beneath the northwestern Pacific delineate the configuration of the subducted oceanic lithosphere beneath the western Aleutian arc. At similar to 100 km depth, a fast shear-wave speed anomaly is beneath the Aleutian arc everywhere east of 173 degrees E. Between 164 degrees E and 173 degrees E, however, seismic velocities at this depth are slow relative to the surrounding mantle. The lateral termination of the fast shear-wave speed anomaly at depth coincides with a gap in deep seismicity beneath the Aleutians. The absence of these two distinctive traits of subducting slabs leads us to conclude that this segment of the Aleutian arc overlies a very large window in the otherwise continuous lithospheric slab that we term a "slab portal." This portal is likely to facilitate the production of distinctive volcanic rocks (adakites or high-Mg# andesites) by partially melting the adjacent edges of the slab. The Miocene age of most adakites in the westernmost Aleutians where no slab is present may indicate that the portal formed relatively recently. The chemistry of western Aleutian adakites approximates that of typical continental crust, so their genesis and subsequent lateral transport toward Kamchatka is a plausible mechanism for new continent formation.
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  • 47
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 49
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The GRACE dual satellite mission (launched in March, 2002) offers the possibility of computing monthly highly accurate mean gravity fields over an expected lifetime of five years. Unfortunately, the quality of these monthly gravity field products does not yet reach the pre-launch expectations. Possible error sources might be insufficient instrument data processing and parameterization or modeling of short-term atmospheric and oceanic mass variations. Another candidate is the ocean tide model. Especially, incomplete subtraction (de-aliasing) of short period tides may be partially aliased into the monthly gravity field solutions. Therefore, we analyzed the difference of two ocean tide models (FES2004 and CSR 4.0) which are used at the GRACE Science Data System level-2 processing centers at GFZ Potsdam and CSR (Center for Space Research, Austin), respectively, and which may serve as a measure of the ocean tide model error. We have computed: a) straightforward monthly means of tidal elevation differences and b) simulations of tidal elevation differences at footpoints of GRACE A. The results of a) represent the differences of the monthly means of both tide models with respect to an uniform sampling (grid). The results of b) include the influence of spatially uneven sampling distribution (only along the orbit) and show that for the S2 and K2 tidal constituents, aliasing causes effects which cannot be neglected with respect to the presently achievable GRACE measurement accuracy for degrees n·7 (S2) and n·8 (K2).
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  • 51
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Bivergent wedges result from the interaction between deformation, flexure and surface processes. Based on 2D sandbox simulations in conjunction with PIV, this study investigates the influence of these processes on the spatio-temporal evolution of strain-partitioning within, and the associated surface uplift of, bivergent wedges. To facilitate interpretation and to successfully communicate results, two new display types, i.e., the surface uplift and the evolution of deformation map are introduced.
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  • 52
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    In:  Scientific Drilling
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Accurate, consistent earthquake size estimates are fundamental for seismic hazard evaluation. In central Europe, seismic activity is low and long-term seismicity, available as intensities from written historical records, has to be included for meaningful assessments. We determined seismic moments M-0 of 25 stronger twentieth-century events in Switzerland from surface-wave amplitude measurements. These M-0 can be used to calibrate intensity-moment relations applicable to preinstrumental data. We derived the amplitude-moment relation using digital data from 18 earthquakes in and near Switzerland where independent M-0 estimates exist. The surface-wave amplitudes were measured at empirically determined distance varying reference periods T-&UDelta;. For amplitudes measured at T-&UDelta;, the distance attenuation term of the surface-wave magnitude relation S(&UDelta;) = log (A/T)(max) + 1.66 log &UDelta; is independent of distance. For log M-0 = Ms + C-E, we get log M-0 = S(&UDelta;) + 14.90. Uncertainties of ± 0.3 for the 14.90-constant correspond to a factor of 2 M-0 uncertainty, which was verified with independent data. Our relation allows fast, direct M-0 determination for current earthquakes, and after recalibration of the constant, the relation can be applied anywhere. We applied our relation to analog seismograms from early-instrumental earthquakes in Switzerland that were collected from several European observatories. Amplitude measurements from scans were performed at large amplifications and corrected for differences between T-&UDelta; and actual measurement periods. The resulting magnitudes range from M-w = 4.6 to 5.8 for the largest earthquake in Switzerland during the twentieth century. Uncertainties for the early-instrumental events are on the order of 0.4 magnitude units.
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  • 54
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    Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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  • 55
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The CALIXTO (Carpathian Arc Lithosphere X-Tomography) experiment offers a dense, high-quality data set to study the lithospheric/asthenospheric system underneath SE Romania, an earthquake-prone region in SE Europe. To increase the image resolution of structures in the uppermost mantle, the application of crustal traveltime corrections by a priori information before the teleseismic traveltime inversion has become a well-accepted procedure. For such a correction we present a regional 3-D crustal seismic velocity model that serves as the basis for a high-resolution teleseismic tomography (forthcoming paper by Martin et al.). Our 3-D crustal model is based on recent research in the region. We collect new results from two long-range seismic refraction lines, 3-D refraction tomography and teleseismic Ps conversions. Adding previously published models of the sediment distribution, Conrad and Moho depths, as well as crustal seismic P-wave velocities, we compile a 3-D crustal model for SE Romania. This 3-D model does not contain shallow small-scale heterogeneities (〈10 km), but it reflects the large-scale structures such as variations in sediment thickness, average seismic velocities and 3-D Moho depth. It is well suited for the correction of teleseismic traveltime residuals, a prerequisite for a high-resolution teleseismic tomography study: for example, traveltime delays of up to 1.3 s are caused by the almost 20-km thick layer of sediments in the Focsani Basin. Such delays are comparable to or larger in size than the expected upper mantle traveltime residuals. We study the significance of 3-D crustal traveltime corrections relative to 1-D station corrections and show that the complex basin structures in SE Romania require a 3-D approach to reduce the smearing of crustal anomalies into the mantle. By modelling synthetic mantle structures with a slab, as it is expected for SE Romania, we also investigate how to adapt the inversion strategy, if crustal corrections are applied. Significant improvements are found by including the already corrected crustal layers in the inversion procedure, thereby enabling the inversion algorithm to project still remaining uncertainties in the less-resolved upper crustal layers. However, the fixing of the upper layers during the inversion due to the a priori knowledge of the crustal velocity anomalies clearly leads to smearing of uncorrected anomalies that are possibly located close to the crust–mantle boundary.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We use teleseismic waveforms from a seismic refraction experiment along a N-S profile across the Vrancea region, Romania, to study seismic attenuation. This unique data set with an average station spacing of about 2–3 km provides spatial high-resolution estimates of the variability in seismic attenuation. Time windows of the analyzed seismic phases are extracted with a multiple-taper technique and spectral ratios (δt*) are determined. Our results from 4 teleseismic phases (P, pP, PKPdf, and PP) of two events underneath Hokkaido, Japan and New Guinea find a significant variation of the seismic attenuation along the line. A major influence of local site effects on the values of δt* can be excluded as well as a correlation with the Vrancea slab. The variations of the δt* operators from different phases at individual stations seem to be caused by the projection of three-dimensional attenuating structures at deep lithospheric levels.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 4.7 ML Dudley earthquake on 22 September 2002 at 23:53 (UTC) was widely felt throughout England and Wales, and was the largest earthquake to occur onshore in the United Kingdom (UK) since the magnitude 5.1 ML Bishop's Castle earthquake in 1990. The earthquake hypocentre, determined from inversion of observed P- and S-wave travel-time data, suggests a source depth of 14 km and this depth estimate is supported by forward modelling of observed waveforms. Focal mechanisms obtained from both first motion polarities of local observations and moment tensor inversion of regional observations show left-lateral, strike-slip faulting along a near vertical, near north–south striking fault plane whose orientation is in good agreement with the surface expression of the observed faults in the region. Two aftershocks were recorded within the location error ellipsoid of the mainshock. Comparison of the waveform signals revealed that the mainshock and aftershocks were nearly co-located and possibly had the same source mechanism. The observed peak ground acceleration is found to be less than that predicted using empirical relations, which have been considered applicable in the UK. Seismic moment M0 and stress drop Δσ were measured from on-scale records where Lg arrivals were clear, and then used to give better estimates of the peak ground accelerations using a stochastic approach.
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  • 60
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 61
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    In:  Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We report on a receiver function study of the crust and upper mantle within DESERT, a multidisciplinary geophysical project to study the lithosphere across the Dead Sea Transform (DST). A temporary seismic network was operated on both sides of the DST between 2000 April and 2001 June. The depth of the Moho increases smoothly from about 30 to 34-38 km towards the east across the DST, with significant north-south variations east of the DST. These Moho depth estimates from receiver functions are consistent with results from steep- and wide-angle controlled-source techniques. Steep-angle reflections and receiver functions reveal an additional discontinuity in the lower crust, but only east of the DST. This leads to the conclusion that the internal crustal structure east and west of the DST is different. The P to S converted phases from both discontinuities at 410 and 660 km are delayed by 2 s with respect to the IASP91 global reference model. This would indicate that the transition zone is consistent with the global average, but the upper mantle above 410 km is 3-4 per cent slower than the standard earth model.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 66
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: Following work is embedded in the multidisciplinary study DESERT (DEad SEa Rift Transect) that has been carried out in the Middle East since the beginning of the year 2000. It focuses on the structure of the southern Dead Sea Transform (DST), the transform plate boundary between Africa (Sinai) and the Arabian microplate. In this work a short description of the seismic reflection method and the various processing steps is followed by a geological interpretation of the seismic data, taking into account relevant information from other studies.
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  • 67
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: This thesis work describes a new experimental method for the determination of Mode II (shear) fracture toughness, KIIC, of rock and compares the outcome to results from Mode I (tensile) fracture toughness, KIC, testing using the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) Chevron-Bend (CB-) method. The fracture toughness describes the resistance of rock to fracturing. This parameter is therefore important when estimating the failure of rock and rock structures using rock fracture mechanics principles.
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  • 68
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: The main objective of this thesis is an investigation and description of the secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field between 1980 and 2000. In particular, in the first part of this study the phenomenon of geomagnetic jerks are investigated by means of a deterministic model, which basically gives a description of the secular variation as a parameterization of typical periodicities of the external field. I argue that the conclusion drawn from this approach is not valid for explaining jerks as caused by external events and not valid to describe the global secular variation. In the second part a time--dependent model of the secular variation between 1980 and 2000 is developed. The endpoints of the time interval were chosen, because of the availability of high quality field models from satellite data for these epochs. The Gauss coefficients are expanded in time as function of cubic B--splines. This model is forced to fit field models from high quality vector measurements from MAGSAT in 1980 and OERSTED in 2000. The methodology is new. The model is a valuable extension of the hitherto existing time--dependent description of the secular variation, the GUFM which was valid until 1990. Unlike GUFM the model is based on observatory monthly means, and the knot spacing of the cubic B--Splines tighter than GUFM. Therefore it reveals a short term secular variation on subdecadal time scale, which was not as yet resolved. The model is also valuable to test the frozen flux hypothesis and to link some of the morphology of the radial field at the core--mantle boundary to the geodynamo. The third part of this thesis deals with the inversion of the time--dependent field and secular variation model for different kinds of core surface flow. These flows allow prediction of the decadal change of the length of the day, an observable which is independent to geomagnetic data. The prediction of some of the flows have the right tendency, but differ in slope from the observed change of the length of the day.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A 2-D upper crustal structural profile with seven steeply dipping faults was constructed from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment phase II (LARSE II) seismic refraction data recorded over the north central Transverse ranges and adjacent Mojave desert in southern California. The profile extends to a depth of approximately 4 km. The faults were identified from distinctive features in the seismic first arrival data, while the velocity structure was determined from travel times and refined by forward modelling. The resulting seismic velocity structure is correlative to the geological structure along the profile and is used to help constrain a geological cross-section. Six of the seven faults detected from the seismic data correspond directly to geologically mapped faults in the central Transverse ranges and adjacent Mojave desert. From south to north, they are the Pelona fault, the San Francisquito fault, the Clearwater fault, the San Andreas fault and two faults that cut the Portal ridge. The seventh fault is buried beneath Quaternary deposits of the western Mojave desert and appears to correlate with an additional fault that cuts Portal ridge out of the section line. The southernmost fault (the Pelona fault) separates the younger Vasquez formation in the south from the Pelona schist in the north and is determined to be an intermediate (40°–60°) south-dipping normal fault. This coupled with field observations indicate that the Pelona fault was instrumental in the late Oligocene—early Miocene formation of the Soledad basin, and the structural ascent and exhumation of the Pelona schist along the proto-Sierra Pelona intrabasin ridge. Analogous Neogene extensional deformation is found to have affected the western Mojave desert region, where faults 6 and 7 appear to have had north side down normal displacement and to have been instrumental in forming the western Antelope basin. A 6.0 km s−1 basal layer to our shallow seismic structure is correlated with the Pelona schist south of the San Andreas fault and with the tectonically related Rand schist beneath the western Mojave desert. Granitic and gneissic crystalline rocks, which form regional upper plate complexes along the Vincent thrust above the Pelona schist and along the Rand thrust above the Rand schist, yield consistently low seismic velocities as compared with the expected velocities for the constituent rock types. These anomalous velocities are reconciled by the degraded structural and textural state of the upper plate crystalline rocks that resulted from extreme shearing, brittle fracturing and related retrogressive hydration reactions starting during or shortly after the latest Cretaceous—early Palaeocene underthrusting of the schists. Extension, translation along the San Andreas transform system and compressional faulting with the uplift of the Transverse ranges further accentuated the basement deformations. The integrated result is that the survival of the Precambrian through Mesozoic granitic crust of the region became a rootless and highly attenuated upper crustal layer.
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  • 70
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Receiver functions at three broad-band stations located in the most easterly Inner Betics have been analyzed to investigate the structure of its underlying crust and uppermost mantle. These stations are located within a geologically distinctive block bounded by the Palomares/ Alhama de Murcia faults, which is characterized by high heat-flow values, widespread strike-slip faulting and Neogene volcanism. Our analysis shows that a low velocity zone pervades the uppermost mantle beneath the stations, and that the overlying crust has a high Vp/Vs ratio and a prominent intracrustal low velocity zone ( i) between the Palomares and Alhama de Murcia faults and ( ii) east of Murcia, perhaps thermally perturbing the upper crust north and east of Cartagena. Independent studies show that the seismic velocities of the intervening mantle lid are normal beneath the stations, and we suggest that our observations result from rapidly ascending magma diapirs ponding at intracrustal levels within the distinctive block.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Seychelles plateau is a prime example of a microcontinent, yet mechanisms for its creation and evolution are poorly understood. Recently acquired teleseismic data from a deployment of 26 stations on 18 islands in the Seychelles are analyzed to study upper mantle seismic anisotropy using SKS splitting results. Strong microseismic noise is attenuated using a polarization filter. Results show significant variation in time delays (dt =0.4–2.4 s) and smooth variations in orientation (f = 1569 where f is the polarization of the fast shear wave). The splitting results cannot be explained by simple asthenospheric flow associated with absolute plate motions. Recent work has suggested that anisotropy measurements for oceanic islands surrounding Africa can be explained by mantle flow due to plate motion in combination with density-driven flow associated with the African superswell. Such a mechanism explains our results only if there are lateral variations in the viscosity of the mantle. It has been suggested that the Seychelles are underlain by a mantle plume. Predictions of flow-induced anisotropy from plumelithosphere interaction can explain our results with a plume possibly impinging beneath the plateau. Finally, we consider lithospheric anisotropy associated with rifting processes that formed the Seychelles. The large variation in the magnitude of shear wave splitting over short distances suggests a shallow source of anisotropy. Fast directions align parallel to an area of transform faulting in the Amirantes. Farther from this area the orientation of anisotropy aligns in similar directions as plate motions. This supports suggestions of transpressive deformation during the opening of the Mascarene basin.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A detailed knowledge of the thickness of the lithosphere in the north Atlantic is an important parameter for understanding plate tectonics in that region. We achieve this goal with as yet unprecedented detail using the seismic technique of S-receiver functions. Clear positive signals from the crust-mantle boundary and negative signals from a mantle discontinuity beneath Greenland, Iceland and Jan Mayen are observed. According to seismological practice, we call the negative phase the lithosphere-ashenosphere boundary (LAB). The seismic lithosphere under most of the Iceland and large parts of central Greenland is about 80 km thick. This depth in Iceland is in disagreement with estimates of the thickness of the elastic lithosphere (10-20 km) found from postglacial rebound data. In the region of flood basalts in eastern Greenland, which overlies the proposed Iceland plume track, the lithosphere is only 70 km thick, about 10 km less than in Iceland which is located directly above the proposed plume. At the western Greenland coast, the lithosphere.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Due to vigorous Neogene geodynamic processes, including oceanic subduction, slab break-off and mountain building in the Carpathian Arc, the architecture of the lithosphere in Romania is quite complicated. To improve the knowledge about the lithosphere–asthenosphere system in this region the passive seismological CALIXTO99 experiment was conducted in 1999 in the SE part of Romania. Here we present crustal models derived from the analysis of teleseismic recordings with the receiver function (RF) method of the 120 temporarily installed stations and of the permanent GEOFON stations MLR and TIRR. The RF results extend the known crustal models which are based mainly on seismic refraction work and analysis of regional earthquakes. We apply a grid-search inversion at 30 stations and use two different error estimation methods to determine the Moho depth and the average crustal vp/vs ratio. The complex 3-D intracrustal structure, especially the deep sedimentary basins, distorts significantly the RF waveforms within the whole station network. This leads to ambiguous results at some stations. Our model of the Moho depth has a maximum crustal thickness in the SE Carpathian Mountains at station MLR with a depth of about 45 km and an average crustal vp/vs ratio of 1.79. The surrounding crust in SE Romania has a thickness of mainly 35–40 km. The RFs at MLR are characterized by clear azimuthal effects that can be correlated with the variation of the sediment thickness in the foredeep of the Carpathian Mountains. A RF waveform inversion verifies these results and gains improved 1-D S-wave velocity models at several stations in SE Romania.
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  • 75
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 77
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 3-D structure of the lithosphere beneath the Aegean Sea is investigated through surface wave dispersion analysis. Rayleigh and Love waves recorded by 12 broad-band stations installed for a duration of 6 months in the Aegean region are processed through array analysis and Wiener filtering. Data from three GEOFON stations in the area of Crete were also used. The resulting two-station phase velocities are used to determine lateral variations of Rayleigh wave phase velocities between periods of 20 and 100 s by a 2-D ray tomography method. The obtained phase velocities are inverted to calculate variation of S-wave velocity with depth using a combination of linearized inversion and a Monte Carlo based non-linear inversion. The absolute S-wave velocity is resolved to a depth of approximately 200 km. A high-velocity anomaly of 3 per cent is observed in the southern Aegean attributed to the Hellenic subduction. In the northern part of the Aegean, in the prolongation of the North Anatolian Fault which is influenced by strong extensional movements, we found low absolute S-wave velocities at 50-100 km depth. This supports a model of a distributed deformation of the upper mantle in the area. Separate Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity inversions along common profiles reveal a strong Love-Rayleigh discrepancy in the northern Aegean down to at least 150 km depth, i.e. most probably including the top of the asthenosphere.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 80
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 81
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 82
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-02-26
    Description: In the recent past, airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing has witnessed several principal and technical improvements. In particular, spatial resolution has been increased significantly, polarimetric SAR, polarimetric interferometric SAR, and tomographic SAR were introduced, and repeat-pass interferometric SAR was developed for airborne SAR sensors. These advances have made possible numerous new applications, including urban structure and object detection and characterization. In this paper we describe current challenges in the continued development of airborne SAR systems. We illustrate the description by research work conducted at Berlin University of Technology in the time period from 2002 to 2005.
    Language: English
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2020-11-27
    Description: This paper concentrates on the forest height and ground topography estimation by means of polarimetric SAR interferometry and tomography. In polarimetric SAR interferometry, one of the most important methods described in literature is the line-fitting approach in the complex unitary circle (S.R. Cloude and K.P. Papathanassiou, 2003). Although it has shown their principal potential, an open issue is still the precise validation of the estimated parameters, as ground-truth collection is an extremely complex task in the case of forest parameters. SAR tomography is an alternative technique, which generates a fully three-dimensional representation of the imaged scene through coherent combination of a greater number of tracks (A. Reigber and A. Moreira, 2000) (S. Guillaso and A. Reigber, 2005). Forest ground and canopy are directly visible in a tomographic image; a tomographic image can therefore be used as an ideal validation base for PolInSAR forest parameter estimation. This paper compares high-resolution polarimetric SAR tomograms with PolInSAR forest height estimations, both derived from the same data set. This allows to identify areas of good applicability, as well as principal deficiencies of the different PolInSAR approaches
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-21
    Description: The Central European Basin System is one of the basins where the sedimentary cover is strongly affected by salt tectonics. The most significant stage of salt movement occurred during the Triassic. The largest Triassic subsidence occurred in the different sub-basins surrounding the Ringkoebing-Fyn High such as the Horn Graben, the Danish Basin and the Glueckstadt Graben. Furthermore, the thickest Triassic succession is observed in the Glueckstadt Graben where it reaches more than 9000 m. In the present study, the structure and the Permian to recent evolution of the Glueckstadt Graben are investigated by use of borehole data, seismic lines and 3D structural modelling. The evaluation of the diverse deformation patterns of the sedimentary cover and their relations to salt structures show that the strongest salt movements occurred at the beginning of the Keuper when the Gluckstadt Graben was affected by extension. The onlap patterns of the Jurassic sediments onto the top of the Keuper succession indicate essential changes of the sedimentation style during the Jurassic. Thick Jurassic sediments are only observed around salt structures and are thinning away from salt walls or salt stocks. The Upper Cretaceous strata have an approximately constant thickness and the parallel reflections patterns indicate a quiet tectonic setting with very minor salt movements in the Late Cretaceous. Renewed salt flow during the Paleogene-Neogene caused rapid subsidence along the marginal parts of the Central Triassic Graben in the Westholstein, the Eastholstein and the Hamburger troughs. The thick Paleogene-Neogene strata within the marginal troughs may also be related to a regional component of tectonic subsidence in the area, contemporary with rapid subsidence in the North Sea. The 3D modelling approach has been used to determine salt distribution at certain paleo-levels in response to unloading due to sequential removing of the stratigraphic layers. The modelling approach was also aimed to reconstruct the original Permian salt distribution immediately after deposition. The initial salt thickness varies from 1300 m at the flanks of the basin up to 3000 m within the central part and demonstrates a clear NNE-SSW trend of the basin. The regional trend of the restored salt distribution points to a westward continuation of the Permian salt basin. The formation of the deep Central Triassic Graben and the subsequent Jurassic- Cenozoic marginal troughs was strongly controlled by the development of salt structures through time. It is shown that the depocentre of sedimentation was moving away from the central part of the of the original Graben structure towards its margins. The evaluation of the available data and results of the 3D reverse modelling demonstrate that a greater amount of subsidence occurred close to the active salt structures, and may have resulted in gradual depletion of Permian salt. Thus, this study indicates that the source of such long-term subsidence is derived from gradual depletion of the Permian salt, which started within the axial part of the basin and moved towards the basin flanks with time. In this sense, the Glueckstadt Graben was formed at least partially as a “basin-scale rim syncline” during post-Permian times. Therefore, the results show that salt withdrawal may have played an important role during the Meso-Cenozoic evolution and that the effects of salt-driven subsidence during the Meso-Cenozoic can be considered the main reason for the formation of the deep Central Triassic Graben and the subsequent Jurassic-Cenozoic marginal troughs.
    Description: Das zentraleuropäische Beckensystem ist eines der Becken, in denen die Sedimentdecken stark durch Salztektonik beeinflusst sind. Die stärksten salztektonischen Aktivitäten traten während der Trias auf. Die größte triassische Subsidenz erfolgte in den verschiedenen Unterbecken rund um das Ringköbing-Fünen Hoch (Horn Graben, Dänisches Becken, Glückstadt Graben). Die mächtigste triassische Abfolge wurde im Glückstadtgraben beobachtet, wo sie mehr als 9000 m Mächtigkeit erreicht. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Struktur sowie die Entwicklung des Glückstadt Grabens vom Perm bis heute mit Hilfe von Bohrdaten, seismischen Linien und 3D-Strukturmodellierung untersucht. Die Auswertung der verschiedenen Deformationsmuster der Sedimentdecke und ihr Bezug zu Salzstrukturen zeigen, dass die stärksten Salzbewegungen am Beginn des Keupers, während einer Dehnung des Glückstadt Graben auftraten. Die jurassischen Sedimente zeigen dann eine grundlegende Änderungen der Sedimentationsart während des Jura an. Mächtige jurassische Sedimente treten nur rund um Salzstrukturen auf und dünnen mit zunehmender Entfernung von Salzmauern oder Salzstöcken aus. Die Oberkreideschichten haben eine annähernd konstante Mächtigkeit, und die parallelen Reflektionsmuster weisen auf eine ruhige tektonische Subsidenz mit geringen Salzbewegungen in der Oberkreide hin. Erneute Salzbewegungen während des Paläogens-Neogens verursachten schnelle Subsidenz entlang der Randbereiche des zentraltriassischen Grabens, den Westholstein, Ostholstein und Hamburger Trögen. Die mächtigen paläogen-neogenen Schichten innerhalb der Randtröge sind eventuell auch mit einer regionalen Komponente tektonischer Subsidenz verbunden, zeitgleich mit schneller Subsidenz in der Nordsee. Der 3D- Modellierungsansatz wurde genutzt, um die Salzverteilung für verschiedenen Paläolevels als Reaktion auf Entlastung durch sequentielles Entfernen der stratigraphischen Schichten zu bestimmen. Mit dem Modellierungsansatz wurde auch versucht, die ursprüngliche permische Salzverteilung unmittelbar nach der Ablagerung zu rekonstruieren. Die ursprüngliche Salzmächtigkeit variiert zwischen 1300 m an den Beckenflanken und bis zu 3000 m innerhalb des zentralen Teils und zeigt einen klaren NNO-SSW-Trend innerhalb des Beckens. Die Bildung des tiefen zentraltriassischen Grabens und der nachfolgenden jurassisch- känozoischen Randtröge wurde stark durch die langandauernde Entwicklung von Salzstrukturen kontrolliert. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Sedimentationszentrum sich vom Zentralteil der ursprünglichen Grabenstruktur in Richtung ihrer Ränder verlagerte. Die Auswertung der verfügbaren Daten und die Ergebnisse der 3D-Rückwärtsmodellierung zeigen, dass der größte Teil der Subsidenz nahe aktiver Salzstrukturen auftrat, und eventuell zu einer graduellen Abwanderung permischer Salze führte. Daher zeigt die Studie, dass die Ursache der langzeitigen Subsidenz die graduelle Abwanderung permischen Salzes ist, welche im axialen Teil des Beckens begann und sich im Laufe der Zeit in Richtung der Beckenflanken bewegte. In diesem Sinne wurde der Glückstadtgraben zumindest teilweise in nachpermischer Zeit als basin-scale rim syncline geformt. Daher zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass dieser Salzrückzug während der meso-känozoischen Evolution eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt haben dürfte, und dass die Effekte salzgesteuerter Subsidenz während des Meso-Känozoikums als Hauptursache der Bildung des tiefen zentraltriassischen Grabens und die nachfolgenden jurasso- känozoischen Tröge angesehen werden kann.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 86
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Scientific Drilling
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 87
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    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    In:  IUGG Publications
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Language: French , English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 90
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Previous 2-D modelling of seismic waveforms and traveltimes has revealed a large-scale ridge-like velocity anomaly beneath Africa, which is usually referred to as the African superplume. The structure starts from the southern Indian Ocean and extends northwestwards into the Atlantic Ocean, with its base on the core-mantle boundary. The structure has relatively sharp lateral boundaries with the shear velocity inside 3 per cent lower than the ambient mantle, while the compressional velocity is almost normal. The 3-D structure is best illustrated by seismic waveforms recorded by the South Africa Array generated by earthquakes in the western Pacific Ocean. The diffracted S phase travels along the axis of the structure for over 60 degrees, with the northern- and southernmost paths sampling its edges. The S waveforms are simple but delayed by up to 20 s for paths sampling the middle of the structure, whereas they display two arrivals for paths along the boundaries. These complex waveforms can be explained by 3-D multipathing due to rapid lateral variations in shear-wave velocity along the edges of the structure. These sharp features are confirmed by modelling broadband records associated with the proposed ridge structure with two independent methods: the spectral element method and a ray-based 3-D code (DWKM).
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    In:  IUGG Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 94
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    [Tokyo] : Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-405a-08-0030
    In: JAXA Research and Development Report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 52 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: JAXA Research and development report RR-05-007E
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 95
    Call number: ZSP-403-284
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 S. : überw. graph. Darst. u. Ill.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 284 : Marine Biology 32
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 96
    Call number: ZSP-403-280
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 54 S. : überw. graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 280 : Seismology 39
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 97
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Paris [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: 4/M 07.0201
    Description / Table of Contents: This book treats the subject of satellite orbits, showing how the wide range of available orbits can be put to use to satisfy the needs of fields as varied as communications, positioning, remote-sensing, meteorology, and astronomy. The satellite is first discussed in the context of the laws of space mechanics. The various categories of orbit (circular, elliptical, high, low, geostationary, and sun-synchronous) are then presented, together with the problem of sampling (when and how the satellite views its target). There is then a study of specific cases, in particular, applying all the ideas encountered for earth-orbiting satellites to the case of a satellite in orbit around Mars.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 544 S. + 1 CD-ROM , 1 CD-ROM
    ISBN: 2287213171
    Uniform Title: Satellites, orbites et missions
    Classification:
    Satellites
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 98
    Call number: ZSP-403-283
    In: Jare Data Reports
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 S. : überw. graph. Darst. u. Ill.
    Series Statement: Jare Data Reports 283 : Earth Science 6
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 99
    Call number: AWI G3-06-0008
    Description / Table of Contents: Table of contents: List of figures. - List of tables. - Abstract. - Kurzfassung. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Study area. - 3. Methods. - 4. Results. - 5. Discussion. - 6. Conclusions & outlook. - 7. References. - 8. Appendix. - 9. Conference contributions & Danksagung
    Description / Table of Contents: Within the research project "Process studies of permafrost dynamcis in the Laptev Sea" field work was carried out in summer 2003 at Cape Mamontovy Klyk, Northern Siberia. Aim was to reconstruct the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental history in this remote region. The study site represents a missing part in the research activities having taken place the years before. The investigated area is located in the Lena-Anabar lowland at the Laptev Sea coast. [...]
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 130 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 100
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Malden, MA : Blackwell Pub
    Call number: PIK W 101-15-89162
    Description / Table of Contents: In an increasingly globalized world, an understanding of the role of international trade is central to the study of agricultural economics and agribusiness. This text interweaves these two elements, explaining the theories and practices relevant to agricultural trade. Using real-life examples to explain theories and models, the text prepares readers to critically examine agricultural trade issues. In addition to its comprehensive coverage, each chapter features chapter overviews and summaries, key concepts, questions for review, and suggested readings.Explains the theories and practices releva
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 280 S. , graph. Darst. , 26 cm
    ISBN: 1405108002 (hardback : alk. paper) , 0470759186 , 9781405108003
    Language: English
    Note: Classical theory of comparative advantageComparative advantage with two factors of production -- Comparative advantage and factor endowments : the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem -- Imperfect competition and economies of scale in trade -- The partial equilibrium analysis of international trade -- Trade restrictions : tariffs -- Non-tariff trade barriers -- Domestic support policies and trade -- Multilateral trade negotiations and U.S. trade policy -- Economic integration -- Foreign exchange markets and the exchange rate -- Agricultural trade and the exchange rate -- International capital movements and multinational corporations -- Agricultural trade and economic development -- Trade and the environment..
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