ALBERT

Note: Text englisch, Zusammenfassung englisch und deutsch

Note: Contents ; Introduction and Overview ; PART I CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN EUROPE ; 1. An Evolutionary Overview of the Ownership, Governance and Strategy of Mediobanca: From the Kingmaker of Italian Capitalism to a Large Financial Conglomerate ; 2. The Co-Operative Bank – What Went Wrong? ; 3. Remuneration-Based Incentives in a Global Bank before and after Lehman - The Case of Deutsche Bank ; PART II CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE USA AND SOUTH AMERICA , 4. CEO Compensation in US Financial Institutions ; 5. Regulation, Ownership and Corporate Governance in Brazilian Banks ; PART III CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE ASIA PACIFIC ; 6. Corporate Governance of Japanese Banks ; 7. Corporate Governance of China’s City Commercial Banks ; 8. Failure in Corporate Governance - Financial Planning and Greed ; PART IV CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: ADDITIONAL DIMENSIONS ; 9. Determinants of Corporate Governance in Russian Banks ; 10. Corporate Governance Practices in the Nigerian Banking Industry ; 11. Corporate Governance in Islamic Financial Institutions: What Have we Learnt? ; Index

Note: Contents: Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Good health -- 3. The invisible mind -- 4. Inputs and outcomes -- 5. The individual -- 6. The practitioner -- 7. The public -- 8. The logic of insurance -- 9. Insurance: private and public -- 10. Equity and equality -- 11. The right to health -- 12. Inequality and health -- 13. Narrowing the gap -- 14. Equalising medical care -- 15. The cost of care -- 16. Cost containment -- 17. State, market and cost -- 18. Conclusion -- References -- Index

Note: Contents: Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Urban systems; 2. Models and methods; 3. The spatial organization of cities; 4. Infrastructure networks; 5. Mobility patterns; 6. Multimodality in cities; 7. Socio-economical aspects; 8. Systems of cities; 9. Towards a new science of cities; References; Index

Note: Science, democracy and emergent publics / Jason Chilvers, Matthew KearnesParticipation in the making : rethinking public engagement in co-productionist terms / Jason Chilvers, Matthew Kearnes -- Engaging in a decentred world : overflows, ambiguities, and the governance of climate change / Alan Irwin -- Engaging the Mundane : Complexity and Speculation in Everyday Technoscience / Mike Michael -- Ghosts of the machine : Publics, meanings and social science in a time of expert dogma and denial / Brian Wynne -- State experiments with public participation : French nanotechnology, Congolese deforestation, and the search for national publics / Véra Ehrenstein and Brice Laurent -- Technologies of participation and the making of technologised futures / Linda Soneryd -- Participation as pleasure : Citizenship and science communication / Sarah Davies -- The temporal choreographies of participation : Thinking innovation and society from a time-sensitive perspective / Ulrike Felt -- An experiment with intensities : village hall reconfigurings of the world within a new participatory collective / Claire Waterton & Judith Tsouvalis -- Against blank slate futuring : Noticing obduracy in the city through experiential methods of public engagement / Cynthia Selin & Jathan Sadowski -- Reflexively engaging with technologies of participation : constructive assessment for public participation methods / Jan-Peter Voss -- Remaking participation : towards reflexive engagement / Jason Chilvers, Matthew Kearnes..

Note: Contents: Part One: Why Great Companies Can Fail ; 1 How can great firms fail? Insights from the Hard Disk Drive industry ; 2 Value networks and the impetus to innovate ; 3 Disruptive technological change in the mechanical excavator industry ; Part Two: Managing Disruptive Technological Change ; 5 Give responsibility for disruptive technologies to organizations whose customers need them ; 6 Match the size of the organization to the size of the market ; 7 Discovering new and emerging markets ; 8 How to appraise your organization's capabilities and disabilities ; 9 Performance provided, market demand, and the product life cycle ; 10 Managing disruptive technological change: a case study ; 11 The dilemma of innovation: a summary

Note: Contents: Section 1: The Facts of Economic Growth and Economic Fluctuation ; Chapter 1: RBC Methodology and the Development of Aggregate Economic Theory ; Chapter 2: The Facts of Economic Growth ; Chapter 3: Macroeconomic Shocks and Their Propagation ; Chapter 4: Macroeconomic Regimes and Regime Shifts ; Chapter 5: The Macroeconomics of Time Allocation ; Chapter 6: "Who Bears the Cost of Recessions? The Role of House Prices and Household Debt" ; Chapter 7: "Allocative and Remitted Wages: New Facts and Challenges for Keynesian Models" ; Chapter 8: Financial and Fiscal Crises ; Section 2: The Methodology of Macroeconomics ; Chapter 9: Factor Models and Structural Vector Autoregressions in Macroeconomics ; Chapter 10: Solution and Estimation Methods for DSGE Models ; Chapter 11: Recursive Contracts and Endogenously Incomplete Markets ; Chapter 12: Macroeconomics and Household Heterogeneity ; Chapter 13: Natural Experiments in Macroeconomics ; Chapter 14: Accounting for Business Cycles ; Chapter 15: "Incomplete Information in Macroeconomics: Accommodating Frictions in Coordination" ; Chapter 16: New Methods for Macro-Financial Model Comparison and Policy Analysis

Note: Solar terrestrial physics: the evolution of a disciplineThe upper atmosphere and ionosphere -- Physics of magnetized plasmas -- The Sun and its atmosphere -- The solar wind and heliosphere -- Collisionless shocks -- Solar wind interaction with magnetized obstacles -- Plasma interactions with unmagnetized bodies -- Solar wind magnetosphere coupling -- The terrestrial magnetosphere -- The aurora -- Planetary magnetospheres -- Plasma waves..

Note: Knowledge as a public good (2009)Open access, markets, and missions (2010) -- Open access overview (2004) -- Removing the barriers to research : an introduction to open access for librarians (2003) -- The taxpayer argument for open access (2003) -- It's the authors, stupid! (2004) -- Six things that researchers need to know about open access (2006) -- Trends favoring open access (2007) -- Gratis and libre open access (2008) -- The scaling argument (2004) -- Problems and opportunities (blizzards and beauty) (2007) -- Open access and the self-correction of knowledge (2008) -- Open access and the last-mile problem for knowledge (2008) -- The case for OAI in the age of Google (2004) -- Good facts, bad predictions (2006) -- No-fee open-access journals (2006) -- Balancing author and publisher rights (2007) -- Flipping journal to open access (2007) -- Society publishers with open access journals (2007) -- Ten challenges for open-access journals (2009) -- The final version of the NIH public-access policy (2005) -- Another OA mandate : the Federal Research Public Access Act of 2006 (2006) -- Twelve reminders about FRPAA (2007) -- An open access mandate for the NIH (2008) -- The open access mandate at Harvard (2008) -- A bill to overturn the NIH policy (2008) -- Open access policy options for funding agencies and universities (2009) -- Open access and quality (2006) -- Thinking about prestige, quality, and open access (2008) -- Not napster for science (2003) -- Two distractions (2004) -- Praising progress, preserving precision (2004) -- Who should control access to research literature? (2004) -- Four analogies to clean energy (2010) -- Promoting open access in the humanities (2005) -- Helping scholars and helping libraries (2005) -- Unbinding knowledge : a proposal for providing open access to past research articles, staring with the most important (2006) -- Open access to electronic theses and dissertations (2006) -- Open access for digitization projects (2009) -- Analogies and precendents for the FOS revolution (2002) -- Thoughts on the first and second-order scholarly judgments (2002) -- Saving the oodlehood and shebangity of the internet (2003) -- What's the ullage of your library? (2004) -- Can search tame the wild Web? : can open access help? (2005) -- Glossary..

Note: Enthält 5 Publikationen: 1) Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Guido Grosse, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 2) Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 3 weitere] 3) Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 4) Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) / Josefine Lenz, Michael Fritz, Lutz Schirrmeister [und 4 weitere] 5) Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) / Michael Fritz, Ingmar Unkel, Josefine Lenz [und 6 weitere] , Table of contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1 Thesis organization 1.1 Overview of chapters 1.2 Author contribution 2 Introduction 2.1 Scientific background 2.1.1 Arctic environments and permafrost in the study region of Beringia 2.1.2 Permafrost degradation and its global feedbacks 2.1.3 Thermokarst lakes and basins as paleoenvironmental archives 2.2 Aims and approaches 3 Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Core stratigraphy 3.5.2 Cryostratigraphy 3.5.3 Grain size distribution 3.5.4 Magnetic susceptibility 3.5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics 3.5.6 Tephra 3.5.7 Palaeoecology 3.5.8 Geochronology 3.6 Discussion 3.7 Conclusions 4 Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Material and methods 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology 4.5.2 Cryolithological description 4.5.3 Geochemical results 4.5.4 Bioindicators 4.5.5 Characteristics of intra-sedimentary ice and comparison with modern waters 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Thermokarst lake dynamics 4.6.2 Regional lake dynamics and global environmental change 4.6.3 Carbon cycling 4.7 Conclusions 5 Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study area 5.4 Material and methods 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Sedimentological results of near-shore core P1 5.5.2 Sedimentological and palynological results of lake center-cores P2 (and P3) 5.5.3 Lake age estimation 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Thermokarst lake development 5.6.2 Impact of catchment genesis and morphology on the lake sediment record 5.6.3 Carbon degradation 5.7 Conclusions 6 Synthesis 6.1 Study sites in central-eastern Beringia: Similarities and differences 6.2 Permafrost degradation and thermokarst development in central-eastern Beringia 6.2.1 Timing of thermokarst development 6.2.2 Environmental factors supporting and inhibiting thermokarst 6.3 Processes of thermokarst lake development and their imprint in proxy records 6.4 Contribution of thermokarst dynamics to the carbon cycle 6.5 Potentials/limitations of thermokarst lake archives and outlook Bibliography Appendix I: Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) I-1 Abstract I-2 Introduction I-3 Study area I-4 Material and methods I-5 Results I-5.1 Core lithology I-5.2 Radiography I-5.3 Magnetic susceptibility and water content I-5.4 Grain size distribution I-5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics I-5.6 Geochronology I-6 Discussion I-6.1 Evolution of Lake Herschel I-6.2 Paleoenvironmental implications of the Lake Herschel record I-7 Conclusions Appendix II: Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) II-1 Abstract II-2 Introduction and study area II-3 Material and methods II-3.1 Sediment core II-3.2 Radiocarbon dating and age modelling II-3.3 Pore-water chemistry II-3.4 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning II-3.5 Micropaleontology II-4 Results II-4.1 Chronostratigraphy: The revised age model II-4.2 XRF chemistry II-4.3 Pore-water chemistry II-4.4 Calcareous microfossils II-4.5 Pollen II-5 Discussion II-5.1 Sedimentation history of Lake Herschel II-5.2 Limnological, sedimentary and geochemical properties predefine the habitat I-5.3 Autochthonous versus allochthonous deposition of calcareous microfossils II-5.4 Regional pollen-based reconstruction of vegetation and climate II-6 Conclusions Acknowledgements

Note: Contents: I: Introduction ; II: Climate Change Impacts on Major Cotton Production Regions ; III: Climate Change Impacts on Cotton Growth and Production ; IV: Management Approaches to Adapt to Impacts of Climate Change ; V: Role of Research in Modern Cotton Systems Adapting to Climate Change ; VI: Conclusion

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction and examples ; 2. Mechanism design basics ; 3. Myerson's Lemma ; 4. Algorithmic mechanism design 34 ; 5. Revenue-maximizing auctions ; 6. Simple near-optimal auctions ; 7. Multi-parameter mechanism design ; 8. Spectrum auctions ; 9. Mechanism design with payment constraints ; 10. Kidney exchange and stable matching ; 11. Selfish routing and the price of anarchy ; 12. Network over-provisioning and atomic selfish routing ; 13. Equilibria: definitions, examples, and existence ; 14. Robust price-of-anarchy bounds in smooth games ; 15. Best-case and strong Nash equilibria ; 16. Best-response dynamics ; 17. No-regret dynamics ; 18. Swap regret and the Minimax theorem ; 19. Pure Nash equilibria and PLS-completeness ; 20. Mixed Nash equilibria and PPAD-completeness.

Note: Beiträge überwiegend deutsch, teilweise englisch

Note: Contents Part I Unraveling Microbial Diversity and Their Processes Phagotrophic Protists: Central Roles in Microbial Food Webs / Evelyn B. Sherr and Barry F. Sherr Overview Protists as Elemental Recyclers Protists as Consumers of Bacteria Protists as Consumers of Phytoplankton Protists in High Latitude Food Webs Looking to the Future References Drivers That Structure Biodiversity in the Plankton / Tatiana A. Rynearson and Susanne Menden-Deuer Plankton Biodiversity Alternate Hypotheses That Explain the Paradox of the Plankton An Organismal Perspective on the Paradox of the Plankton: A Biodiversity Explosion from Within? Linking Individual Level Behaviors with Plankton Ecology Pervasive Intra-specific Variability in the Genetic Diversity, Physiological Capacity, and Behavioral Repertoire of Plankton Evolution: Generating and Structuring Diversity over the Long Term Opportunities for Progress References The Elongated, the Squat and the Spherical: Selective Pressures for Phytoplankton Shape / Lee Karp-Boss and Emmanuel Boss Introduction Effects of Shape on Diffusion Other Selective Pressures References Crossing the Freshwater/Saline Barrier: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Inhabiting Both Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems / Mina Bižić-Ionescu and Danny Ionescu Introduction Recent Data on Shared Taxa Synthesis of Published Sequence Data Future Perspectives References Approaches and Challenges for Linking Marine Biogeochemical Models with the “Omics” Revolution / Victoria J. Coles and Raleigh R. Hood Introduction Bridging the Cultural and Structural Divide Relating Existing Omics to Current Biogeochemical Models Near-Term Innovation Conclusions References Part II Viewing Growth and Trophodynamics Through a Stoichiometric Lens Out of Africa and into Stoichiometry / Susan S. Kilham and Peter Kilham References Exploring the Implications of the Stoichiometric Modulation of Planktonic Predation / Aditee Mitra and Kevin J. Flynn Introduction Characterising the Predator–Prey Stoichiometric Link Elemental Stoichiometry and Commercial Microalgal Production Effects of Temperature, Ocean Acidification and Nutrient Excess Avoiding Predation Stoichiometry and Mixotrophy Conclusions References . Part III Understanding the Mysteries of Light and Nitrogen On Saturating Response Curves from the Dual Perspectives of Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism / Todd M. Kana and Patricia M. Glibert Introduction Static vs. Dynamic Behavior Gradient Signals and Dynamics of Response Curves Overall Perspective on Dynamic Kinetics References Nitrate Reductase: A Nexus of Disciplines, Organisms, and Metabolism / Erica B. Young and John A. Berges Introduction Why Nitrate Reductase? Understanding That Has Emerged from Recent NR Measurements Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges Conclusion References The Ammonium Paradox of an Urban High- Nutrient Low-Growth Estuary / Frances Wilkerson and Richard Dugdale High-Nutrient Low-Growth Estuaries and Oligotrophication Observation of an Ammonium Paradox Ammonium: The Gatekeeper Controlling Access to Nitrate References Why Is Planktonic Nitrogen Fixation So Rare in Coastal Marine Ecosystems? Insights from a Cross-Systems Approach / Roxanne Marino and Robert W. Howarth References Where Light and Nutrients Collide: The Global Distribution and Activity of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers / Greg M. Silsbe and Sairah Y. Malkin At the Confluence of Light and Nutrients Distribution of Marine SCMLs Phytoplankton Production in SCMLs Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers in Lakes References Part IV Looking in the Rear View Mirror: The Long View on Changing Ecosystems An Ecosystem in Transition: The Emergence of Mixotrophy in the Arabian Sea / Joaquim I. Goes and Helga do R. Gomes Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion References The Saint Lawrence Island Polynya: A 25-Year Evaluation of an Analogue for Climate Change in Polar Regions / Jacqueline M. Grebmeier and Lee W. Cooper Introduction Synthesis Results and Discussion The Northern Bering Sea: Interannual Variability and Change Benthivores Overall Summary References Ecological Processes and Nutrient Transfers from Land to Sea: A 25-Year Perspective on Research and Management of the Seine River System / Josette Garnier and Gilles Billen Introduction 1850–1990: Organic Pollution and Oxygen 1990–2000: Eutrophication and Algal Bloom 2000–2015: Agricultural Pollution and Nitrate Contamination Conclusion: From Microbial Ecology to Territorial Biogeochemistry References A Historical Perspective on Eutrophication in the Pensacola Bay Estuary, FL, USA / Jane M. Caffrey and Michael C. Murrell Introduction Pensacola Bay Physical Setting Human Colonization of Pensacola Bay River and Estuarine Water Quality Controls on Primary Production, Organic Matter, and Nutrient Cycling Summary References Unpublished Reports Websites Meeting in the Middle: On the Interactions Between Microalgae and Their Predators or Zooplankton and Their Food / Karen H. Wiltshire and Maarten Boersma Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Lake Transparency: A Window into Decadal Variations in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Lakes of Acadia National Park, Maine / Collin Roesler and Charles Culbertson Introduction Methods Results Discussion References Part V Focusing on Unique Systems, Processes and Dynamics Phytoplankton Biodiversity in the Oligotrophic Northwestern Sargasso Sea / James L. Pinckney and Tammi L. Richardson Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Biological Oceanography of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: A Review / Peter C. Rothlisberg and Michele A. Burford Introduction Study Area Currents and Hydrography Phytoplankton and the Role of Nutrients Zooplankton Penaeid Prawn Larval Ecology Larval Dispersal Mechanisms Summary Points References Discerning the Causes of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majuscula) Blooms in Moreton Bay, Australia / Judith M. O’Neil and William C. Dennison Introduction Nutrient Interactions Light Interactions Conceptual Model Broader Significance References Copepod, Ctenophore, and Schyphomedusae Control in Structuring the Chesapeake Bay Summer Mesohaline Planktonic Food Web / Kevin G. Sellner and Stella G. Sellner Introduction Methods Results and Discussion References Microbiogeochemical Ecophysiology of Freshwater Hydrothermal Vents in Mary Bay Canyon, Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park WY / Carmen Aguilar and Russell Cuhel Introduction Methods Big Picture Outcomes Closing Remarks References Index

Note: Contents Preface 1 Introduction to Ice Drilling Technology 1.1 Ice Drilling Targets and Aims 1.2 Structure of Ice Sheets and Glaciers 1.3 Classification of Ice Drilling Methods References 2 Yearly History of Ice Drilling from Nineteeth to the First Half of Twentieth Century References 3 Direct-Push Drilling 3.1 Drive Sampling 3.1.1 Basic Principles 3.1.2 Mt. Rose Sampler 3.1.3 Utah Snow Sampler 3.1.4 Federal Snow Sampler 3.1.5 Bowman Sampler 3.1.6 Rosen Sampler 3.1.7 Large Diameter Snow Samplers 3.1.8 Vibratory Drill 3.2 Penetrative Testing 3.2.1 Ski Pole Penetrometer 3.2.2 Ram Penetrometer 3.2.3 Snow Resistograph 3.2.4 Digital Thermo-Resistograph 3.2.5 Snow Micro-Penetrometer 3.2.6 SABRE Probe 3.2.7 Cone Penetrometer Testing 3.3 Summary References 4 Hand- and Power-Driven Portable Drills 4.1 Noncoring Augers 4.1.1 SFFEL Noncoring Auger 4.1.2 SIPRE/CRREL Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.3 Kovacs Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.4 AARI Portable Sled-Mounted Drilling Rig 4.1.5 Handheld Coal-Boring Augers 4.1.6 Ice Augers for Winter Fishing 4.2 Noncoring “Piston” Drill 4.3 Core Augers. 4.3.1 General Principles 4.3.2 SFFEL Auger 4.3.3 SIPRE Auger 4.3.4 CRREL Auger 4.3.5 Rand Auger 4.3.6 Big John 12″ Auger 4.3.7 PICO Lightweight Auger 4.3.8 Kovacs Auger 4.3.9 IGAS Hand Auger 4.3.10 Swiss Hand Auger 4.3.11 UCPH Hand Auger 4.3.12 “Prairie Dog” Auger 4.3.13 “Sidewinder” 4.3.14 IDDO Hand Auger 4.4 Core Drills with Teeth and Annular Bits 4.4.1 Taku Glacier Hand Drill 4.4.2 Canadian Portable Ice Drill 4.4.3 Tsykin’s Hand Drill 4.4.4 5th CAE Drill 4.4.5 Ice Core Drill with Annular Bit PI-8 4.5 Mini Drills 4.5.1 Livingston Island Mini Drill 4.5.2 Chipmunk Drill 4.6 Summary References 5 Percussion Drills 5.1 Cable-Tool Drill Rigs 5.1.1 IGAS Cable-Tool Rig 5.1.2 Cable-Tool of California Institute of Technology 5.1.3 Star Iron Works Cable-Tool 5.2 Pneumatic Drills 5.3 Rotary-Percussion Drills 5.4 Summary References 6 Conventional Machine-Driven Rotary Drill Rigs 6.1 Dry Drilling 6.1.1 Expéditions Polaires Françaises in Greenland 6.1.2 Baffin Island Expedition 6.1.3 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition 6.1.4 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2 Auger Drilling 6.2.1 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2.2 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.2.3 Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole 6.2.4 Subglacial Lake Ellsworth Camp 6.3 Commercial Drill Rigs for Ice Fishing 6.4 Air Rotary Drilling 6.4.1 Mirny, Antarctica 6.4.2 Site 2, Greenland 6.4.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 6.4.4 Little America V, Antarctica 6.4.5 Franz Josef Land, Russian Arctic 6.4.6 Base Roi Baudouin, Antarctica 6.5 Rotary Drilling with Fluid Circulation 6.5.1 Taku Glacier, Alaska 6.5.2 Mer de Glace, French Alps 6.5.3 South Leduc Glacier, British Columbia 6.5.4 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.6 Wire-Line Drills 6.6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project, East Antarctica 6.6.2 Ross Ice Shelf Project 6.6.3 Base Druzhnaya, Antarctica 6.6.4 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska 6.6.5 Isua Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Greenland 6.6.6 Foremore Glacier, British Columbia, Western Canada 6.6.7 Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) 6.6.8 Agile Sub-ice Geological (ASIG) Drill 6.7 Drilling in Rock Glaciers 6.7.1 Overview of Projects Using Conventional Drilling Equipment 6.7.2 Koci Drill 6.8 Summary References 7 Flexible Drill-Stem Drill Rigs 7.1 Rapid Shallow Drill Rigs 7.2 Rapid-Access Drill Rigs 7.2.1 Thermomechanical Drill 7.2.2 Coiled-Tubing Drill Rigs 7.2.3 RADIX 7.2.4 SUBGLACIOR Drilling Probe 7.3 Summary References 8 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Auger Drills 8.1 Basic Principles 8.2 University of Iceland (UI) Drill 8.3 University of Bern (UB) Drills 8.3.1 Rufli Drill 8.3.2 Further Improved UB Drills 8.4 CRREL Drill 8.5 Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) Drills 8.5.1 First Prototypes 8.5.2 ID-140 Drill 8.5.3 ILTS-140 Drill 8.5.4 MID-140 Drill 8.5.5 Portable ILTS-130 and -100 Drills 8.5.6 ILTS-130E(F) and ILTS-150 Drills 8.5.7 New Portable ILTS Drill 8.6 University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Drill 8.7 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE) Drills 8.8 National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI) Drill 8.9 Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) 4″ Drill 8.10 Alfred-Wegener Institute (AWI) Drills 8.11 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Drill 8.12 BZXJ Drills 8.13 Geo Tecs Drills 8.13.1 Geo Tecs Prototype Shallow Drill 8.13.2 Further Improvements 8.13.3 Field Testing and Operations 8.14 Hilda/Simon/Eclipse Drills 8.14.1 Hilda/Simon Drills 8.14.2 Eclipse Drill 8.14.3 Field Testing and Coring 8.14.4 Badger-Eclipse Drill 8.15 Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) Drills 8.16 British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Drills 8.16.1 BAS/IMAU Drill 8.16.2 Rapid-Access Isotope Drill 8.17 FELICS Drills 8.17.1 3″ Drill 8.17.2 “Backpack Drill” 8.18 Blue Ice Drill (BID) 8.18.1 BID General Fescription 8.18.2 Operation and Performance 8.18.3 BID-Deep System 8.19 Summary References 9 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills with Bottom-Hole Circulation 9.1 CRREL Electromechanical Drill 9.1.1 Drilling Equipment 9.1.2 Camp Century, Greenland 9.1.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 9.2 ISTUK Drill 9.2.1 Drill System 9.2.2 Dye 3, Greenland (GISP) 9.2.3 Summit, Greenland (GRIP) 9.2.4 Law Dome, Antarctica 9.3 LGGE Electromechanical Drills 9.4 PICO-5.2″ Electromechanical Drill 9.4.1 Drill System 9.4.2 Summit, Greenland (GISP2) 9.4.3 Taylor Dome, Antarctica 9.4.4 Siple Dome, Antarctica 9.5 KEMS Electromechanical Drill 9.5.1 Drill System 9.5.2 Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic 9.5.3 Vostok Station, Antarctica 9.6 JARE Electromechanical Drill 9.6.1 Drill System 9.6.2 Preliminary Tests 9.6.3 First Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.4 Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.5 Kunlun Station (Dome A), Antarctica 9.7 Hans Tausen (HT) Electromechanical Drill and Its Modifications 9.7.1 Basic Drill System 9.7.2 Hans Tausen Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.3 NorthGRIP, Greenland 9.7.4 EPICA Dome C, Antarctica 9.7.5 EPICA-DML, Kohnen Station, Antarctica 9.7.6 Berkner Island, Antarctica 9.7.7 Talos Dome, Antarctica (TALDICE) 9.7.8 Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.9 NEEM Deep Ice Core Drilling, Greenland 9.7.10 James Ross Island, Antarctica 9.7.11 Fletcher Promontory, Antarctica 9.7.12 Roosevelt Island, Antarctica 9.7.13 NEEM, Greenland (UCPH Intermediate-Depth Ice Core Drilling System) 9.7.14 Aurora Basin North, Antarctica 9.7.15 Renland Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.16 Summit, Greenland (IDDO Intermediate-Depth Drill) 9.7.17 South Pole, Antarctica (SPICE) 9.8 IDRA Drill 9.9 DISC Electromechanical Drill 9.9.1 Drill System 9.9.2 Field Testing at Summit, Greenland 9.9.3 WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.9.4 Replicate Coring, WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.10 IBED Drill 9.11 Summary References 10 Drilling Challenges and Perspectives for Future Development 10.1 Low-Temperature Drilling Fluids 10.1.1 Drilling Fluid Compositions 10.1.2 ESTISOL™ 240/COASOL™ Drilling Fluid 10.1.3 ESTISOL™ 140 Drilling Fluid 10.1.4 Low-Molecular Weight Dimethyl Siloxane Oils 10.1.5 Low-Molecular Weight Esters 10.1.6 Kerosene-Based Drilling Fluids Mixed with Fourth-Generation Foam-Expansion Agents 10.2 Ice Drilling Under Complicated Conditions 10.2.1 Permeable Snow-Firn 10.2.2 Brittle Ice Zone 10.2.3 Warm Ice 10.2.4 Debris-Containing Ice 10.2.5 Bedrock 10.2.6 Elimination of Sticking Drills 10.3 Advanced Drilling Systems 10.3.1 Rapid-Access Ice Drilling Systems for Subglacial Bedrock Drilling 10.3.2 Sidewall Drilling 10.3.3 Automated Drilling Systems References Appendix A: Records of Mechanical Drilling in Ice Appendix B: Abbreviations of Institutes, Organizations, and Projects

Note: Contents 1 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Permanent Versus Temporary Threshold Shifts and the Effects of Hair Cell Versus Neuronal Degeneration / M. Charles Liberman 2 Modeled and Measured Underwater Sound Isopleths and Implications for Marine Mammal Mitigation in Alaska / Lisanne A.M. Aerts and Bill Streever 3 Peer-Reviewed Studies on the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Invertebrates: From Scallop Larvae to Giant Squid / Natacha Aguilar de Soto 4 Sources of Underwater Sound and Their Characterization / Michael A. Ainslie and Christ A.F. de Jong 5 Assessment of Marine Mammal Impact Zones for Use of Military Sonar in the Baltic Sea / Mathias H. Andersson and Torbjörn Johansson 6 Contribution to the Understanding of Particle Motion Perception in Marine Invertebrates / Michel André, Kenzo Kaifu, Marta Solé, Mike van der Schaar, Tomonari Akamatsu, Andreu Balastegui, Antonio M. Sánchez, and Joan V. Castell 7 Functional Morphology and Symmetry in the Odontocete Ear Complex / William Ary, Ted W. Cranford, Annalisa Berta, and Petr Krysl 8 A Low-Cost Open-Source Acoustic Recorder for Bioacoustics Research / John Atkins and Mark Johnson 9 Assessment of Impulsive and Continuous Low- Frequency Noise in Irish Waters / Suzanne Beck, Joanne O’Brien, Simon Berrow, Ian O’Connor, and Dave Wall 10 Is the Venice Lagoon Noisy? First Passive Listening Monitoring of the Venice Lagoon: Possible Effects on the Typical Fish Community / Marta Bolgan, Marta Picciulin, Antonio Codarin, Riccardo Fiorin, Matteo Zucchetta, and Stefano Malavasi 11 Effect of Pile-Driving Sounds on the Survival of Larval Fish / Loes J. Bolle, Christ A.F. de Jong, Stijn M. Bierman, Pieter J.G. van Beek, Peter W. Wessels, Ewout Blom, Cindy J.G. van Damme, Hendrik V. Winter, and René P.A. Dekeling 12 Challenge of Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring in High-Energy Environments: UK Tidal Environments and Other Case Studies / Cormac G. Booth 13 Hearing Mechanisms and Noise Metrics Related to Auditory Masking in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) / Brian K. Branstetter, Kimberly L. Bakhtiari, Jennifer S. Trickey, and James J. Finneran 14 Effects of Hatchery Rearing on the Structure and Function of Salmonid Mechanosensory Systems / Andrew D. Brown, Joseph A. Sisneros, Tyler Jurasin, and Allison B. Coffin 15 Effects of Impulsive Pile-Driving Exposure on Fishes / Brandon M. Casper, Thomas J. Carlson, Michele B. Halvorsen, and Arthur N. Popper 16 Review of the Effects of Offshore Seismic Surveys in Cetaceans: Are Mass Strandings a Possibility? / Manuel Castellote and Carlos Llorens 17 Addressing Challenges in Studies of Behavioral Responses of Whales to Noise / Douglas H. Cato, Rebecca A. Dunlop, Michael J. Noad, Robert D. McCauley, Eric Kniest, David Paton, and Ailbhe S. Kavanagh 18 Measurements of Operational Wind Turbine Noise in UK Waters / Samuel Cheesman 19 A Bioenergetics Approach to Understanding the Population Consequences of Disturbance: Elephant Seals as a Model System / Daniel P. Costa, Lisa Schwarz, Patrick Robinson, Robert S. Schick, Patricia A. Morris, Richard Condit, Daniel E. Crocker, and A. Marm Kilpatrick 20 Singing Fish in an Ocean of Noise: Effects of Boat Noise on the Plainfin Midshipman (Porichthys notatus) in a Natural Ecosystem / Sarika Cullis-Suzuki 21 Detection of Complex Sounds in Quiet Conditions by Seals and Sea Lions / Kane A. Cunningham, Brandon L. Southall, and Colleen Reichmuth 22 Offshore Dredger Sounds: Source Levels, Sound Maps, and Risk Assessment / Christ A.F. de Jong, Michael A. Ainslie, Floor Heinis, and Jeroen Janmaat 23 Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on the Early Life Stages of Dicentrarchus labrax / Elisabeth Debusschere, Bert de Coensel, Sofie Vandendriessche, Dick Botteldooren, Kris Hostens, Magda Vincx, and Steven Degraer 24 The European Marine Strategy: Noise Monitoring in European Marine Waters from 2014 / René Dekeling, Mark Tasker, Michael Ainslie, Mathias Andersson, Michel André, Fabrizio Borsani, Karsten Brensing, Manuel Castellote, John Dalen, Thomas Folegot, Sandra van der Graaf, Russell Leaper, Alexander Liebschner, Jukka Pajala, Stephen Robinson, Peter Sigray, Gerry Sutton, Frank Thomsen, Stefanie Werner, Dietrich Wittekind, and John V. Young 25 Potential Population Consequences of Active Sonar Disturbance in Atlantic Herring: Estimating the Maximum Risk / Lise Doksæter Sivle, Petter Helgevold Kvadsheim, and Michael Ainslie 26 Fulfilling EU Laws to Ensure Marine Mammal Protection During Marine Renewable Construction Operations in Scotland / Sarah J. Dolman, Mick Green, Sarah Gregerson, and Caroline R. Weir 27 Expert Elicitation Methods in Quantifying the Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance from Offshore Renewable Energy Developments / Carl Donovan, John Harwood, Stephanie King, Cormac Booth, Bruno Caneco, and Cameron Walker 28 Masking Experiments in Humans and Birds Using Anthropogenic Noises / Robert J. Dooling and Sandra H. Blumenrath 29 Documenting and Assessing Dolphin Calls and Ambient and Anthropogenic Noise Levels via PAM and a SPL Meter / Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Kelly Melillo-Sweeting, and Justin D. Gregg 30 Soundscapes and Larval Settlement: Larval Bivalve Responses to Habitat-Associated Underwater Sounds / David B. Eggleston, Ashlee Lillis, and DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl 31 Characterizing Marine Soundscapes / Christine Erbe, Robert McCauley, and Alexander Gavrilov 32 Pile-Driving Noise Impairs Antipredator Behavior of the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax / Kirsty A. Everley, Andrew N. Radford, and Stephen D. Simpson 33 Using Reaction Time and Equal Latency Contours to Derive Auditory Weighting Functions in Sea Lions and Dolphins / James J. Finneran, Jason Mulsow, and Carolyn E. Schlundt 34 Does Primary Productivity Turn Up the Volume? Exploring the Relationship Between Chlorophyll a and the Soundscape of Coral Reefs in the Pacific / Pollyanna I. Fisher-Pool, Marc O. Lammers, Jamison Gove, and Kevin B. Wong 35 Expert Elicitation of Population-Level Effects of Disturbance / Erica Fleishman, Mark Burgman, Michael C. Runge, Robert S. Schick, and Scott Kraus 36 Current Status of Development of Methods to Assess Effects of Cumulative or Aggregated Underwater Sounds on Marine Mammals / Erica Fleishman, Bill Streever, Robyn Angliss, Christopher W. Clark, William T. Ellison, Adam Frankel, Jason Gedamke, Matthias Leu, Megan McKenna, Roberto Racca, Samantha Simmons, and Robert Suydam 37 Seismic Survey Footprints in Irish Waters: A Starting Point for Effective Mitigation / Thomas Folegot, Dominique Clorennec, Gerald Sutton, and Mark Jessopp 38 Stochastic Modeling of Behavioral Response to Anthropogenic Sounds / Adam S. Frankel, William T. Ellison, Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, Jennifer L. Giard, and Brandon L. Southall 39 Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK / Joanne K. Garrett, Matthew J. Witt, and Lars Johanning 40 Predicting Anthropogenic Noise Contributions to US Waters / Jason Gedamke, Megan Ferguson, Jolie Harrison, Leila Hatch, Laurel Henderson, Michael B. Porter, Brandon L. Southall, and Sofie Van Parijs 41 Auditory Sensitivity and Masking Profiles for the Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) / Asila Ghoul and Colleen Reichmuth 42 Are Masking-Based Models of Risk Useful? / Robert C. Gisiner 43 “Large” Tank Acoustics: How Big Is Big Enough? / Michael D. Gray, Peter H. Rogers, Arthur N. Popper, Anthony D. Hawkins, and Richard R. Fay 44 High-Resolution Analysis of Seismic Air Gun Impulses and Their Reverberant Field as Contributors to an Acoustic Environment / Melania Guerra, Peter J. Dugan, Dimitri W. Ponirakis, Marian Popescu, Yu Shiu, Aaron N. Rice, and Christopher W. Clark 45 Underwater Sound Propagation Modeling Methods for Predicting Marine Animal Exposure / Craig A. Hamm, Diana F. McCammon, and Martin L. Taillefer 46 Investigating the Effect of Tones and Frequency Sweeps on the Collective Behavior of Penned Herring (Clupea harengus) / Nils Olav Handegard, Kevin Boswell, Alex de Robertis, Gavin John

Note: Contents Part I The Algae Cell The Cell Cycle of Microalgae / Vilém Zachleder, Kateřina Bišová, and Milada Vítová Biosynthesis of the Cell Walls of the Algae / David S. Domozych Part II The Fundamental Physiological Processes Photosynthesis and Light Harvesting in Algae / Anthony W. Larkum Carbon Acquisition by Microalgae / John Beardall and John A. Raven Fundamentals and Recent Advances in Hydrogen Production and Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria / Namita Khanna, Patrícia Raleiras, and Peter Lindblad Dark Respiration and Organic Carbon Loss / John A. Raven and John Beardall Part III Nutrients and Their Acquisition Combined Nitrogen / John A. Raven and Mario Giordano Nutrients and Their Acquisition: Phosphorus Physiology in Microalgae / Sonya T. Dyhrman Sulphur and Algae: Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution / Mario Giordano and Laura Prioretti Micronutrients / Antonietta Quigg Iron / Adrian Marchetti and Maria T. Maldonado Selenium in Algae / Hiroya Araie and Yoshihiro Shiraiwa Silicification in the Microalgae / Zoe V. Finkel Calcification / Alison R. Taylor and Colin Brownlee Part IV Algae Interactions with Environment Chemically-Mediated Interactions in Microalgae / Michael A. Borowitzka Coping with High and Variable Salinity: Molecular Aspects of Compatible Solute Accumulation / Martin Hagemann Effects of Global Change, Including UV and UV Screening Compounds / Richa, Rajeshwar P. Sinha, and Donat-P. Häder Part V Secondary Metabolites Lipid Metabolism in Microalgae / Inna Khozin-Goldberg Sterols in Microalgae / John K. Volkman Carotenoids / Einar Skarstad Egeland Exocellular Polysaccharides in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Chemical Features, Role and Enzymes and Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis / Federico Rossi and Roberto De Philippis Algae Genome-Scale Reconstruction, Modelling and Applications / Cristiana G.O. Dal’Molin and Lars K. Nielsen Part VI Applications Algal Physiology and Large-Scale Outdoor Cultures of Microalgae / Michael A. Borowitzka Part VII Systematics and Taxonomy Systematics, Taxonomy and Species Names: Do They Matter? / Michael A. Borowitzka

Note: Contents 1 Introducing Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 / Volker Siegel 2 Distribution, Biomass and Demography of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba / Volker Siegel and Jonathan L. Watkins 3 Age, Growth, Mortality, and Recruitment of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba / Christian S. Reiss 4 Physiology of Euphausia superba / Bettina Meyer and Mathias Teschke 5 Feeding and Food Processing in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana) / Katrin Schmidt and Angus Atkinson 6 Reproduction and Larval Development in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) / So Kawaguchi 7 Genetics of Antarctic Krill / Simon N. Jarman and Bruce E. Deagle 8 Swarming and Behaviour in Antarctic Krill / Geraint A. Tarling and Sophie Fielding 9 The Importance of Krill Predation in the Southern Ocean / Philip N. Trathan and Simeon L. Hill 10 Parasites and Diseases / Jaime Go´mez-Gutie´rrez and Jose´ Rau´l Morales-A´ vila 11 The Fishery for Antarctic Krill: Its Current Status and Management Regime / Stephen Nicol and Jacqueline Foster Glossary Subject Index Genera and Species Index

Note: Contents: 1. Energy Governance — A Key Challenge in the Era of Globalization ; PART I FOUNDATIONS ; 2. Germany’s ‘Energiewende’: What Can Environmental Law Scholarship Learn From it? ; 3. Ten Good Practices in Environmental Constitutionalism that can Contribute to Sustainable Shale Gas Development ; 4. Human Rights versus Human Needs: Debating the Language for Universal Access to Modern Energy Services ; 5. Using Social Science Perspectives on Risk to Implement an Environmental Justice Analysis ; 6. Scaling Up Local Solutions: Creating an Enabling Legal Environment for the Deployment of Community-Based Renewable Microgrids ; 7. Innovative Financing for Renewable Energy ; PART II EXPERIENCES ; 8. Energy and Smart Cities — Perspectives from a City-State, Singapore ; 9. Judicial Perspectives on Renewable Energy and Climate Change Governance ; 10. A Reflection on Some Legal Aspects of Decision Control in the Energy Transition Process: A Comparison of France and Germany ; 11. Learning from Europe: Some Ideas for the Energy Improvement of the US Existing Building Stock ; 12. Sustainable Sewage PART III GOVERNANCE GAPS ; 13. Environmentally Displaced Persons in the Niger Delta: Challenges and Prospects ; 14. Agriculture, Energy and Development: An Uneasy Relationship ; Index

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; I Background ; 2 Vector Spaces ; 3 Linear Algebra and Matrices ; 4 Foundations of Probability ; 5 Modeling Dependence ; 6 Asymptotics ; 7 Further Topics in Probability ; II Foundations of Statistics ; 8 Estimators ; 9 Properties of Estimators ; 10 Confidence Intervals and Tests ; III Econometric Models ; 11 Regression ; 12 Ordinary Least Squares ; 13 Large Samples and Dependence ; 14 Regularization ; IV Appendix

Note: Introduction and overview -- Climate policies in the United States -- Theories of climate policy -- The structural theory applied to the cases -- Causes of climate policies in the fifty states -- Air-pollution and energy policy making in California (the 1940s to the 1980s) -- Climate policy making in California (the 2000s to the present) -- Energy and climate policy making in New York State -- Energy and climate policy making by the federal government -- Conclusions : political opportunities for climate policy in the United States.

Note: Contents: Preface: Conflict and Context I. Coal: A Primer ; II. War Stories ; Rise of the Rhetoric ; Peeling Back the Propaganda ; III. Congress Misses the Mark ; Fly in the Ointment ; Explaining the Error ; What the Transcripts Tell Us ; Unexpected Deals, Unexpected Devils ; Missing the Mark ; IV. Misadventures in Modification ; Altered States ; Spared Change ; What Goes Up . . . Might Not Count ; Old Plants, New Tricks ; A Fishy "Fix" ; A New Sheriff in Town ; A Safer Harbor ; Considering the Alternatives ; V. Bad Neighbors ; Tall Orders, Taller Stacks ; There Goes the Neighborhood ; Who Will Stop the Rain? ; To Market, To Market ; The Sincerest Form of Flattery ; Grandfathering's Grim Toll ; VI. A Warming World ; The Carbon Loophole: A History ; Between a Cap and a Hard Place ; Let's Make a Deal ; What's Grandfathering Got to Do with It? ; VII. Hope for Redemption ; The Dash to Gas ; The Role of Regulation ; Bumps in the Road Ahead ; Conclusion: A Farewell to Harms

Note: Originalsprache: Inuit, Tuvaluisch, Englisch; Untertitel: Deutsch, Englisch, Französisch, Italienisch, Spanisch, Portugiesisch, Grönländisch, Tuvaluisch

Note: Contents: PART I NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND NATURAL RESOURCE SUPPLY AND SCARCITY ; 1. Economic Growth, Resource Scarcity, and Environmental Degradation: Where Have We Been and Where are We Going? ; 2. Ecosystem Goods and Services: How Does a Healthy Environment Support Economic Production, Consumption, and Quality of Life? ; 3. Resource Supply and Scarcity: How Do We Define, Measure, and Monitor Natural Resource Supply and Scarcity? ; 4. Natural Resources, The Environment, and Policy: What is the Public Policy Context for Natural Resource and Environmental Economics? ; PART II MICROECONOMIC THEORY FOUNDATIONS FOR EFFICIENCY, WELL BEING, AND THE PROBLEM OF RISK ; 5. Economic Efficiency: How Does a Healthy Economy Allocate Natural Resources to Economic Production and Consumption? ; 6. Intertemporal Efficiency: How Do We Efficiently Allocate Natural Resources Over Time? ; 7. Risk and Uncertainty: How Do We Assess Risk and Make Risky Decisions Involving Natural Resources and the Environment? ; PART III ECONOMIC THEORY AND INSTITUTIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY ; 8. Criteria for Economic Policy: How Do We Tell a Good Natural Resource and Environmental Policy From a Bad One? ; 9. Rules of the Game: How do they Influence Efficiency and Equity and How Can We Get Them Right? ; 10. Market Failure and Inefficiency: What Could Cause an Undesirable Market Allocation of Resources? ; 11. Institutional Framework: What is the Social and Legal Context for Natural Resource and Environmental Decisions and Policy? ; PART IVMEASURING AND COMPARING BENEFITS AND COSTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PROJECTS ; 12. Benefit–Cost Analysis: How Do We Determine If the Benefits of a Resource Policy Outweigh the Costs? ; 13. Measuring Economic Values: How Do We Account For All Relevant Benefits and Costs In Natural Resource And Environmental Decisions? ; PART V OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF NON-RENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES ; 14. Exhaustible Non-Renewable Resources: What Is The Optimal Use and Management of Non-Renewable Resources Over Time? ; 15. Renewable Resources: What Is The Optimal Use and Management of Renewable Resources Over Time? ; PART VI THE ECONOMICS OF AIR, LAND, AND WATER RESOURCE USE AND POLICY ; 16. The Control of Polluting Emissions: How Can We Protect the Environment and People From Air Pollution? ; 17. The Economics of Land: How Do Land Markets Work and How Do We Manage Land Use? ; 18. The Economics of Water: How Is Water Valued and Allocated? ; PART VII ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS, CLIMATE CHANGE, SUSTAINABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE FUTURE ; 19. Understanding Sustainability: What Can Economics Tell Us About Using and Managing Resources in a Sustainable Manner? ; 20. Climate Change: The Earth’s Climate Is Changing - Can Economics Help Us Figure Out What, If Anything, To Do About It? ; 21. Economics and Environmental Ethics: What Are the Ethical Implications of the Economic Approach to Conservation and Preservation and What Can We Learn From Other Ethical Approaches? ; 22. Economic Science, Economic Policy, and Doing the Best We Can: How Do We Find Our Way Forward? ; Index

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction 1.1 The idea of the Representative Agent and his or her lifetime ; 2 Basic Real Business Cycle Model (RBC) ; 3 Basic New-Keynesian model (NK) ; 4 New-Keynesian model with sticky wages ; 5 New-Keynesian model with habit formation and non-ricardian agents ; 6 The New-Keynesian model with investment adjustment costs and variable capital utilization ; 7 New-Keynesian model with government ; References ; Appendices ; A Mathematical tools ; B Basic ideas about DSGE

Note: Contents: Section 3: Financial-Real Connections ; Chapter 17: "Wholesale Banking and Bank Runs in Macroeconomic Modelling of Financial Crises" ; Chapter 18: "Housing and Credit Markets: Bubbles and Crashes" ; Chapter 19: Macro, Money and Finance: A Continuous-Time Approach ; Chapter 20: Housing and Macroeconomics ; Chapter 21: Term Structure of Uncertainty in the Macroeconomy ; Chapter 22: Quantitative Models of Sovereign Debt Crises ; Section 4: Models of Economic Growth and Fluctuations ; Chapter 23: Families in Macroeconomics ; Chapter 24: Environmental Macroeconomics ; Chapter 25: The Staying Power of Staggered Wage and Price Setting Models in Macroeconomics ; Chapter 26: Neoclassical Models in Macroeconomics ; Chapter 27: Macroeconomics of Persistent Slumps ; Chapter 28: Macroeconomics and the Labor Market ; Section 5: Macroeconomic Policy ; Chapter 29: Challenges for Central Banks' Macro Models ; Chapter 30: Liquidity requirements, liquidity choice and financial stability ; Chapter 31: "Understanding Inflation as a Joint Monetary-Fiscal Phenomenon" ; Chapter 32: "Fiscal Multipliers: Liquidity Traps and Currency Unions" ; Chapter 33: What is a Sustainable Public Debt? ; Chapter 34: The Political Economy of Government Debt

Note: Zusammenfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Beiträge teilweise deutsch, teilweise englisch

Note: Contents: 1: A functional approach to biological diversity ; 2: Trait-based ecology: definitions, methods, and a conceptual framework ; 3: The functional characterisation of plants ; 4: Gradients, response traits, and ecological strategies ; 5: A functional approach to plant community structure ; 6: Plant traits and ecosystem properties ; 7: Functional diversity and ecosystem services ; 8: Functional diversity in agriculture: the cases of grasslands and crop weeds ; 9: Managing functional diversity data ; 10: Perspectives for functional diversity research

Note: Contents: i The Problem wirh Homo economicus ; ii A Constitution for Knaves ; Moral Sentiments and Material Interests ; iv Incentives as Information ; v A Liberal Civic Culture ; vi The Legislators Dilemma ; vii A Mandate for Aristotle's Legislator

Note: Table of Contents Abstract Kurzfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1. Introduction 2. Scientific Background 2.1. Permafrost 2.2.Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 2.3. Inputs of Freshwater, Sediment and Carbon into the Canadian Beaufort Sea 3. Study Area 3.1. Regional Setting: Yukon Coast and Herschel Island 3.2. Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 4. Material and Methods 4.1. Field Work 4.1.1. Terrain Photography 4.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 4.1.3. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 4.1.4. Micrometeorology 4.1.5. Discharge Measurement 4.1.6. Multiple Regression-Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorological Variables and Discharge 4.1.7. Sampling 4.2. Laboratory Analyses 4.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 4.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 4.3. Fluxes of Sediment and (In-) Organic Matter 5. Results 5.1. Field Work 5.1.1. Terrain Photography 5.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 5.1.3. Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 5.1.4. Micrometeorology 5.1.5. Discharge 5.1.6. Multiple Regression - Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorology and Discharge 5.2. Laboratory Analyses 5.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 5.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 5.3. Fluxes of Sediment-meltwater 6. Discussion 6.1. Microclimatological and Geomorphological Factors Controlling Discharge 6.1.1. Diurnal Variations 6.1.2. Seasonal Variations 6.2. Contribution of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps to the Sediment Budget of the Yukon Coast 6.2.1. Origin of Outflow Material 6.2.2. Slump D in the Regional Context 6.2.3. Seasonal Sediment Budget Compilation for Slump D 6.2.4. Retrogressive Thaw Slump Occurrence along the Yukon Coast 6.2.5. Input to the Beaufort Sea 6.3. Projected Climatic Change and its Impact on Retrogressive Thaw Slump Outflow 6.4. Uncertainties and Limitations 6.5. Future Research 7. Conclusion 8. Appendix 8.1. Field Work 8.1.1. Slump D's northern headwall profile 8.1.2. Collinson Head slump 8.1.3. Herschel Island West Coast slump 8.1.4. Roland Bay slump 8.1.5. Kay Point slump 8.2. Laboratory Work 8.2.1. Volumetric Ice Content 8.2.2. Grain Size 8.3. Evolution of Slump D 8.3.1. Geo Eye satellite of Slump D 8.3.2. Aerial Oblique Photography of Slump D 8.3.3. LiDAR of Slump D 8.3.4. Time Lapse Photography of Slump D's Headwall 9. References 10. Financial and technical support 11. Acknowledgement - Danksagung

Note: Contents: PART I CONCEPTS ; 1. Meghnad Desai (2003), ‘Public Goods: A Historical Perspective’, in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven and Ronald U. Mendoza (eds), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Part 1, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 63–77 ; 2. Charles P. Kindleberger (1986), ‘International Public Goods Without International Government’, American Economic Review, 76 (1), March, 1–13 ; 3. William D. Nordhaus (2006), ‘Paul Samuelson and Global Public Goods: A Commemorative Essay for Paul Samuelson’, in Michael Szenberg, Lall Ramrattan and Aron A. Gottesman (eds), Samuelsonian Economics and the Twenty-First Century, Chapter 5, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 88–98 ; 4. Inge Kaul and Ronald U. Mendoza (2003), ‘Advancing the Concept of Public Goods’, in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven and Ronald U. Mendoza (eds), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Part 1, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 78–111 ; PART II INCENTIVES TO COOPERATE ; 5. Todd Sandler (1998), ‘Global and Regional Public Goods: A Prognosis for Collective Action’, Fiscal Studies, 19 (3), 221–47 ; 6. Joseph S. Nye Jr. (2002), ‘The American National Interest and Global Public Goods’, International Affairs, 78 (2), April, 233–44 ; 7. Amartya Sen (1999), ‘Global Justice: Beyond International Equity’, in Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern (eds), Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 116–25 ; 8. Calvin Blackwell and Michael McKee (2003), ‘Only for my Own Neighbourhood? Preferences and Voluntary Provision of Local and Global Public Goods’, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 52 (1), 115–31 ; 9. Eric Brousseau and Tom Dedeurwaerdere (2012), ‘Global Public Goods: The Participatory Governance Challenges’, in Eric Brousseau, Tom Dedeurwaerdere and Bernd Siebenhüner (eds), Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods, Chapter 1, Cambridge, MA, London, UK: MIT Press, 21–36, references ; PART III PROVISION PATTERNS ; 10. Scott Barrett (2006), ‘Critical Factors for Providing Transnational Public Goods’, Expert Paper Series Seven: Cross-Cutting Issues, Chapter 1, Stockholm, Sweden: Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods, 1‒58 ; 11. Cecilia Albin (2003), ‘Negotiating International Cooperation: Global Public Goods and Fairness’, Review of International Studies, 29 (3), July, 365-85 ; 12. Todd Sandler (2013), ‘Buchanan Clubs’, Constitutional Political Economy, 24 (4), 265–84 ; 13. Elinor Ostrom (2014), ‘A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change’, Annals of Economics and Finance, 15 (1), 97–134 ; 14. Fabrizio Cafaggi (2012), ‘Transnational Private Regulation and the Production of Global Public Goods and Private “Bads”’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), 695‒718 ; 15. David Gartner (2012), ‘Global Public Goods and Global Health’, Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 22, 303–18 ; 16. Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman (2004), ‘The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods’, Journal of International Economic Law, 7 (2), 279–320 ; PART IV FINANCING SCHEMES ; 17. Agnar Sandmo (2007), ‘The Welfare Economics of Global Public Goods’, NHH (Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) Working Paper 35, November, 1–25 ; 18. Ramses H. Abul Naga and Philip Jones (2013), ‘Helping Others or Helping Oneself? International Subsidies and the Provision of Global Public Goods’, Oxford Economic Papers, 65 (4), 856–75 ; 19. Dirk T.G. Rübbelke (2011), ‘International Support of Climate Change Policies in Developing Countries: Strategic, Moral and Fairness Aspects’, Ecological Economics, 70 (8), June, 1470–80 ; 20. Pedro Conceição and Ronald U. Mendoza (2006), ‘Identifying High-Return Investments: A Methodology for Assessing When International Cooperation Pays – and for Whom’, in Inge Kaul and Pedro Conceição (eds), The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges, Part 3, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 327–56 ; 21. Tony Atkinson (2006), ‘Global Public Finance’, Oxonomics, 1 (1), 2–4 ; 22. Ottmar Edenhofer, Michael Jakob, Felix Creutzig, Christian Flachsland, Sabine Fuss, Martin Kowarsch, Kai Lessmann, Linus Mattauch, Jan Siegmeier and Jan Christoph Steckel (2015), ‘Closing the Emission Price Gap’, Global Environmental Change, 31, 132–43 ; 23. Nancy Birdsall and Benjamin Leo (2011), ‘Find me the Money: Financing Climate and Other Global Public Goods’, Centre for Global Development Working Paper 248, i, 1‒50 ; PART V GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS ; 24. Daniel Bodansky (2012), ‘What’s In a Concept? Global Public Goods, International Law and Legitimacy’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), 651–68 ; 25. Inge Kaul (2013), ‘Meeting Global Challenges: Assessing Governance Readiness’, The Governance Report, 33–58 ; 26. Julio Frenk and Suerie Moon (2013), ‘Governance Challenges in Global Health’, New England Journal of Medicine, 368 (10), 936–42 ; 27. José Antonio Ocampo (2010), ‘Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance’, Journal of Globalization and Development, 1 (1), February, i, 1–27 ; 28. Peter H. Sand (2004), ‘Sovereignty Bounded: Public Trusteeship for Common Pool Resources?’, Global Environmental Politics, 4 (1), February, 47–71 ; 29. Nico Krisch (2014), ‘The Decay of Consent: International Law in an Age of Global Public Goods’, American Journal of International Law, 108 (1), 1–40 ; Index

Note: (Re)discovering the continentTheoretical framework -- The coil sample -- Duration provisions -- Escape clauses and withdrawal clauses -- (Im)precision and reservations -- Dispute resolution provisions -- Punishment provisions -- Monitoring provisions -- Asymmetric design rules, voting, and power -- Conclusion..

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.