ALBERT

Note: Contents: Part I By Stephen M. Gardiner 1. How Will We be Remembered? ; 2. Betraying the Future ; 3. Who Are We and What Do We Want? ; 4. Justice vs. Extortion Part II By David A. Weisbach ; 5. Introduction to Part II ; 6. Climate Policy and Self-Interest ; 7. The Role of Claims of Justice in Climate Change Policy ; 8. Summing Up ; Part III Responses ; 9. 'The Feasible is Political' ; 10. Weisbach Responds to Gardiner

Note: Contents: Abstract. - Kurzfassung. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Motivation. - 1.2 Scientific questions. - 1.3 Method. - 2 Background and state of the science. - 2.1 The atmospheric aerosol. - 2.1.1 Relevance. - 2.1.2 Aerosol processes. - 2.1.3 Aerosol properties. - 2.2 The influence of ship emissions. - 2.3 Aerosol modeling. - 2.3.1 Selected results. - 2.3.2 Motivation to expand on previous work. - 2.3.3 The computational approach. - 2.3.4 Existing aerosol microphysics submodels. - 2.3.5 MADE3 as a successor of MADE and MADE-in. - 3 The aerosol submodel MADE3. - 3.1 Aerosol characteristics. - 3.1.1 Modes. - 3.1.2 Species. - 3.1.3 Mathematical representation of aerosol characteristics. - 3.2 Aerosol processes. - 3.2.1 Gas–particle partitioning. - 3.2.2 Condensation of H2SO4 and organic vapors. - 3.2.3 New particle formation. - 3.2.4 Coagulation. - 3.2.5 Renaming. - 3.2.6 Aging of insoluble particles. - 4 Box model tests. - 4.1 Model description: MADE vs. MADE3. - 4.2 Model description: PartMC-MOSAIC. - 4.3 Test case scenario. - 4.4 Results: MADE3 vs. MADE. - 4.4.1 Size distributions. - 4.4.2 Composition. - 4.5 Results: MADE3 vs. PartMC-MOSAIC. - 4.5.1 Size distributions. - 4.5.2 Composition. - 4.6 Summary and conclusions. - 5 MADE3 in the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC. - 5.1 Basic settings. - 5.2 Emissions. - 5.3 Transport. - 5.4 Gas phase chemistry. - 5.5 Cloud formation. - 5.5.1 Stratiform clouds. - 5.5.2 Convective clouds. - 5.6 Cloud and precipitation processing of the aerosol. - 5.7 Wet deposition. - 5.8 Dry deposition. - 5.9 Sedimentation. - 5.10 Optical properties. - 6 Evaluation of simulated tropospheric aerosol properties. - 6.1 Data comparability. - 6.2 The MADE3 aerosol within EMAC. - 6.2.1 Near-surface mass concentrations. - 6.2.2 Vertical distributions. - 6.2.3 Size distributions. - 6.2.4 Aerosol optical depth. - 6.2.5 Global tropospheric burdens and residence times. - 6.2.6 Summary and conclusions. - 6.3 Comparison to MADE. - 6.4 New features of MADE3. - 7 Effects of oceanic ship emissions on atmospheric aerosol particles. - 7.1 Effects of year 2000 emissions. - 7.1.1 Near-surface concentrations. - 7.1.2 Near-surface size distributions. - 7.1.3 Tropospheric burdens. - 7.2 Effects of an idealized fuel sulfur content reduction. - 7.3 Summary and conclusions. - 8 Summary, conclusions, and outlook. - Appendix. - A.1 Particle evolution in the box model study. - A.2 Gas phase chemical mechanism. - A.3 Liquid phase chemical mechanism. - A.4 Mode assignment of cloud residual aerosol. - A.4.1 Terminology. - A.4.2 Basic assumptions. - A.4.3 Algorithm for residual assignment. - A.5 Year 2000 aerosol in EMAC with MADE3. - A.6 Near-surface mass concentration evaluation. - References. - Acronyms, symbols, and species names. - Acronyms. - Symbols. - Tracers and chemical species. - Danksagung.

Note: Contents: Front Matter -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Good health -- 3. The invisible mind -- 4. Inputs and outcomes -- 5. The individual -- 6. The practitioner -- 7. The public -- 8. The logic of insurance -- 9. Insurance: private and public -- 10. Equity and equality -- 11. The right to health -- 12. Inequality and health -- 13. Narrowing the gap -- 14. Equalising medical care -- 15. The cost of care -- 16. Cost containment -- 17. State, market and cost -- 18. Conclusion -- References -- Index

Note: Introduction: What is development? : indicators and issues -- State of development -- History of thought in development economics -- Impact evaluation of development policies and programs -- Poverty and vulnerability assessment -- Inequality and inequity -- International trade and industrialization strategies -- Explaining economic growth, the macro level -- Endogenous economic growth -- International finance and development -- Population and development -- Labor and migration -- Financial services for the poor -- Social assistance programs and targeting -- Sustainable development and the environment -- Common property resources and determinants of cooperation -- Human capital: education and health -- Agriculture for development -- Development aid and its effectiveness -- Institutional innovations and development -- Political economy and the role of the state -- The economics of farm households..

Note: Contents: Part I: Overview of the Changes in the Terrestrial Water Cycle ; Chapter 1: Macroscale Hydrological Modeling and Global Water Balance ; Chapter 2: Historical and Future Changes in Streamflow and Continental Runoff ; Chapter 3: Changes in the Global Terrestrial Water Cycle ; Part II: Human Alterations of the Terrestrial Water Cycle ; Chapter 4: Human-Induced Changes in the Global Water Cycle ; Chapter 5: Impacts of Groundwater Pumping on Regional and Global Water Resources ; Chapter 6: Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on Hydrology in Large River Basins ; Part III: Recent Advances in Hydrological Measurement and Observation ; Chapter 7: GRACE-Based Estimates of Global Groundwater Depletion ; Chapter 8: Regional-Scale Combined Land-Atmosphere Water Balance Based on Daily Observations in Illinois ; Part IV: Integrated Modeling of the Terrestrial Water Cycle ; Chapter 9: Drivers of Change in Managed Water Resources ; Chapter 10: Modeling the Role of Vegetation in Hydrological Responses to Climate Change ; Chapter 11: Estimating Virtual Water Contents Using a Global Hydrological Model ; Index

Note: Science, democracy and emergent publics / Jason Chilvers, Matthew KearnesParticipation in the making : rethinking public engagement in co-productionist terms / Jason Chilvers, Matthew Kearnes -- Engaging in a decentred world : overflows, ambiguities, and the governance of climate change / Alan Irwin -- Engaging the Mundane : Complexity and Speculation in Everyday Technoscience / Mike Michael -- Ghosts of the machine : Publics, meanings and social science in a time of expert dogma and denial / Brian Wynne -- State experiments with public participation : French nanotechnology, Congolese deforestation, and the search for national publics / Véra Ehrenstein and Brice Laurent -- Technologies of participation and the making of technologised futures / Linda Soneryd -- Participation as pleasure : Citizenship and science communication / Sarah Davies -- The temporal choreographies of participation : Thinking innovation and society from a time-sensitive perspective / Ulrike Felt -- An experiment with intensities : village hall reconfigurings of the world within a new participatory collective / Claire Waterton & Judith Tsouvalis -- Against blank slate futuring : Noticing obduracy in the city through experiential methods of public engagement / Cynthia Selin & Jathan Sadowski -- Reflexively engaging with technologies of participation : constructive assessment for public participation methods / Jan-Peter Voss -- Remaking participation : towards reflexive engagement / Jason Chilvers, Matthew Kearnes..

Note: Beiträge teilweise deutsch, teilweise englisch

Note: Introduction ; Part 1 - The Big Idea ; Part 2 - Global Toolkit of Practices and Species ; Part 3 - Perennial Staple Crops ; Part 4 - Perennial Industrial Crops ; Part 5 - Road Map to Implementation

Note: Contents: Foreword ; Section 1: Critical men’s studies and disaster ; 1.The Gendered Terrain of Disaster: Thinking About Men and Masculinities ; 2. Masculinism, Climate Change and ‘Man-Made’ Disasters: Towards an Environmental Profeminist Response ; 3. Men and Masculinities in the Social Movement for a Just Reconstruction After Hurricane Katrina ; 4. Hyper-Masculinity and Disaster: The Reconstruction of Hegemonic Masculinity in the Wake of Calamity ; 5. Re-Reading Gender and Patriarchy Through a ‘Lens of Masculinity:’ The ‘Known’ Story and New Narratives From Post-Mitch Nicaragua ; Section 2: The high cost of disaster for men: Coping with loss and change ; 6. Men, Masculinities and Wildfire: Embodied Resistance and Rupture ; 7. Emotional and Personal Costs for Men of the Black Saturday Bushfires in Victoria, Australia ; 8. The Tsunami's Wake: Mourning and Masculinity in Eastern Sri Lanka ; 9. Japanese Families Decoupling Following the Fukushima Nuclear Plant Disaster: Men’s Choice between Economic Stability and Radiation Exposure ; Section 3: Diversity of impact and response among men in the aftermath of disaster ; 10. Disabled Masculinities and Disasters ; 11. Masculinity, Sexuality and Disaster: Unpacking Gendered LGBT Experiences in the 2011 Brisbane Floods, Queensland, Australia ; 12. Indigenous Masculinities in a Changing Climate: Vulnerability and Resilience In the United States ; 13. Youth Creating Disaster Recovery and Resilience in Canada and the United States: Dimensions of the Male Youth Experience ; Section 4: Transforming masculinity in disaster management ; 14. Firefighters, Technology and Masculinity in the Micro-management of Disasters: Swedish Examples ; 15. Resisting and Accommodating the Masculinist Gender Regimein Firefighting: An Insider View from the United Kingdom ; 16. Using a Gendered Lens to Reduce Disaster and Climate Risk in Southern Africa: The Potential Leadership of Men’s Organizations ; 17. Training Pacific Male Managers for Gender Equality in Disaster Response and Management ; 18. Integrating Men and Masculinities in Caribbean Disaster Risk Management ; 19. Men, Masculinities and Disaster: An Action Research Agenda ; 20. Afterword

Note: Contents: Introduction ; 1. Climate Change: What's the Big Deal? ; 2. Business as Usual: What Are the Costs? ; 3. Why Do Economists Like a Carbon Tax? ; 4. Isn't There a Better Way? (No, There Isn't) ; 5. Cap and Trade: The Other Way to Price Pollution ; 6. What To Do With $200 Billion: Give It Back ; 7. So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It? ; 8. Objections to a Carbon Tax ; 9. Enacting a Carbon Tax: How Do We Get There? ; Afterword - What Next?

Note: Contents: Introduction ; The Organisation of Misery ; Whose Responsibility? ; Fair Society, Healthy Lives ; Equity from the Start Education and Empowerment ; Working to Live ; Do Not Go Gentle ; Building Resilient Communities ; Fair Societies ; Living Fairly in the World ; The Organisation of Hope

Note: Contents: Sea of data : apophenia and pattern recognition / Hito Steyerl -- Crapularity hermeneutics : interpretation as the blind spot of analytics, artificial intelligence, and other algorithmic producers of the post-apocalyptic present / Florian Cramer -- Queerying homophily / Wendy Hui Kyong Chun -- Data paranoia : how to make sense of pattern discrimination / Clemens Apprich

Note: Introduction -- Time and frequency metrology in the context of relativistic geodesy -- Chronometric geodesy: methods and applications -- Measuring the gravitational field in General Relativity: From deviation equations and the gravitational compass to relativistic clock gradiometry -- A Snapshot of J. L. Synge -- General Relativistic Gravity Gradiometry -- Reference-ellipsoid and normal gravity field in post-Newtonian geodesy -- Anholonomity in Pre and Relativistic Geodesy -- Epistemic relativity: An experimental approach to physics -- Use of geodesy and geophysics measurements to probe the gravitational interaction -- Operationalization of basic relativistic measurements -- Can spacetime curvature be used in future navigation systems? -- World-line perturbation theory -- On the applicability of the geodesic deviation equation in General Relativity -- Measurement of frame dragging with geodetic satellites based on gravity field models from CHAMP, GRACE and beyond -- Tests of General Relativity with the LARES Satellites

Note: Contents: i The Problem wirh Homo economicus ; ii A Constitution for Knaves ; Moral Sentiments and Material Interests ; iv Incentives as Information ; v A Liberal Civic Culture ; vi The Legislators Dilemma ; vii A Mandate for Aristotle's Legislator

Note: Contents: What Is Telecoupling? ; Telecoupling: A New Framework for Researching Land-Use Change in a Globalised World ; Explanations in Telecoupling Research ; Mapping Export-Oriented Crop Production ; Telecoupling and Consumption in Agri-Food Systems ; Toolbox: Flow Analysis—Social Metabolism in the Analysis of Telecoupling ; Trade and Land-Use Telecouplings ; Governance for Sustainability in Telecoupled Systems ; Toolbox: Operationalising Telecoupling with Network Analysis ; Environmental Justice in Telecoupling Research ; Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling ; Toolbox: Spatial Analysis and Modelling ; Urban Telecouplings ; Conservation Telecouplings ; Toolbox: Capturing and Understanding Telecoupling through Qualitative Research ; Discursive Telecouplings ; Beyond Integration: Exploring the Interdisciplinary Potential of Telecoupling Research ; Co-producing Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Telecoupled Land Systems

Note: Enthält 5 Publikationen: 1) Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Guido Grosse, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 2) Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 3 weitere] 3) Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 4) Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) / Josefine Lenz, Michael Fritz, Lutz Schirrmeister [und 4 weitere] 5) Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) / Michael Fritz, Ingmar Unkel, Josefine Lenz [und 6 weitere] , Table of contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1 Thesis organization 1.1 Overview of chapters 1.2 Author contribution 2 Introduction 2.1 Scientific background 2.1.1 Arctic environments and permafrost in the study region of Beringia 2.1.2 Permafrost degradation and its global feedbacks 2.1.3 Thermokarst lakes and basins as paleoenvironmental archives 2.2 Aims and approaches 3 Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Core stratigraphy 3.5.2 Cryostratigraphy 3.5.3 Grain size distribution 3.5.4 Magnetic susceptibility 3.5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics 3.5.6 Tephra 3.5.7 Palaeoecology 3.5.8 Geochronology 3.6 Discussion 3.7 Conclusions 4 Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Material and methods 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology 4.5.2 Cryolithological description 4.5.3 Geochemical results 4.5.4 Bioindicators 4.5.5 Characteristics of intra-sedimentary ice and comparison with modern waters 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Thermokarst lake dynamics 4.6.2 Regional lake dynamics and global environmental change 4.6.3 Carbon cycling 4.7 Conclusions 5 Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study area 5.4 Material and methods 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Sedimentological results of near-shore core P1 5.5.2 Sedimentological and palynological results of lake center-cores P2 (and P3) 5.5.3 Lake age estimation 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Thermokarst lake development 5.6.2 Impact of catchment genesis and morphology on the lake sediment record 5.6.3 Carbon degradation 5.7 Conclusions 6 Synthesis 6.1 Study sites in central-eastern Beringia: Similarities and differences 6.2 Permafrost degradation and thermokarst development in central-eastern Beringia 6.2.1 Timing of thermokarst development 6.2.2 Environmental factors supporting and inhibiting thermokarst 6.3 Processes of thermokarst lake development and their imprint in proxy records 6.4 Contribution of thermokarst dynamics to the carbon cycle 6.5 Potentials/limitations of thermokarst lake archives and outlook Bibliography Appendix I: Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) I-1 Abstract I-2 Introduction I-3 Study area I-4 Material and methods I-5 Results I-5.1 Core lithology I-5.2 Radiography I-5.3 Magnetic susceptibility and water content I-5.4 Grain size distribution I-5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics I-5.6 Geochronology I-6 Discussion I-6.1 Evolution of Lake Herschel I-6.2 Paleoenvironmental implications of the Lake Herschel record I-7 Conclusions Appendix II: Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) II-1 Abstract II-2 Introduction and study area II-3 Material and methods II-3.1 Sediment core II-3.2 Radiocarbon dating and age modelling II-3.3 Pore-water chemistry II-3.4 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning II-3.5 Micropaleontology II-4 Results II-4.1 Chronostratigraphy: The revised age model II-4.2 XRF chemistry II-4.3 Pore-water chemistry II-4.4 Calcareous microfossils II-4.5 Pollen II-5 Discussion II-5.1 Sedimentation history of Lake Herschel II-5.2 Limnological, sedimentary and geochemical properties predefine the habitat I-5.3 Autochthonous versus allochthonous deposition of calcareous microfossils II-5.4 Regional pollen-based reconstruction of vegetation and climate II-6 Conclusions Acknowledgements

Note: Prologue : the new political times of the anthropocene , Timings , Ecological inequalities , Limiting growth? , Ecological debts , Population futures , Value , Epilogue : historical possibilities for an anthropocened politics

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific Background and Motivation 1.1.1 Arctic Tundra Vegetation 1.1.2 Remote Sensing of Arctic Tundra Vegetation 1.1.3 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Arctic Vegetation 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 Study Area and Data 1.3.1 Toolik Lake Research Natural Area 1.3.2 In-situ Canopy-level Spectral Data 1.3.3 True-colour Digital Photographs 1.3.4 Leaf-level Photosynthetic Pigment Data 1.3.5 Airborne AISA Imagery 1.3.6 Simulated EnMAP and Sentinel-2 Reflectance Spectra 1.3.7 Simulated EnMAP Imagery 1.4 Thesis Structure and Author Contributions 1.4.1 Chapter 2 -A Phenological Approach to Spectral Differentiation of Low-Arctic Tundra Vegetation Communities, North Slope Alaska 1.4.2 Chapter 3 -Monitoring Pigment-driven Vegetation Changes in a Low Arctic Tundra Ecosystem Using Digital Cameras 1.4.3 Implications of Litter and Non-vascular Components on Multiscale Hyperspectral Data in a low-Arctic Ecosystem 2 A Phenological Approach to Spectral Differentiation of Low Arctic Tundra Vegetation Communities, North Slope Alaska 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Study Site and Low Arctic Vegetation Types 2.3.2 Ground-Based Data and Sampling Protocol 2.3.3 EnMAP and Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance Simulation 2.3.4 Stable Wavelength Identification Using the InStability Index 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Spectral Characteristics by Phenological Phase 2.4.2 InStability Index and Wavelength Selection of Ground-based Spectra 2.4.3 InStability Index and Wavelength Selection of Simulated Satellite Reflectance Spectra 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Phenological Phase and Wavelength Stability of Ground-based Spectra 2.5.2 Phenological Phase and Wavelength Stability of Satellite Resampled Spectra 2.5.3 Influence of Spatial Scale 2.6 Conclusions 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 Supplementary Material 2.8.1 Data Publication 3 Monitoring Pigment-driven Vegetation Changes in a Low Arctic Tundra Ecosystem Using Digital Cameras 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Study Site 3.3.2 Digital Photographs 3.3.3 Field-based Spectral Data 3.3.4 Vegetation Pigment Concentration 3.3.5 Data Analyses 3.4 Results 3.4.1 RGB Indices as a Surrogate for Pigment-driven Spectral Indices 3.4.2 RGB Indices as a Surrogate for Leaf-level Pigment concentration 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Supplementary Material 3.7.1 Data Publication 4 Implications of Litter and Non-vascular Components on Multiscale Hyperspectral Data in a Low Arctic Ecosystem 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Materials and Methods 4.3.1 Study Site 4.4 Remote Sensing Data 4.4.1 Ground-based Image Spectroscopy Data 4.4.2 Airborne AISA Hyperspectral Data 4.4.3 EnMAP Simulation 4.4.4 Spectral Comparison by Wavelength 4.4.5 Linear Mixture Analysis 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Spatial Scaling of Spectral Signals 4.6 Discussion 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Acknowledgements 5 Synthesis and Discussion 5.1 Phenological Phase: does phenology influence the spectral variability of dominant low Arctic vegetation communities? 5.2 Vegetation Colour: How does canopy-level vegetation colour relate to phenological changes in leaf-level photosynthetic pigment concentration? 5.3 Intrinsic Ecosystem Components: How does spatial aggregation of high spectral resolution data influence low Arctic tundra vegetation signals? 5.4 Key Innovations 5.5 Limitations and Technical Considerations 5.6 Outlook: Opportunities for Future Research 6 References Acknowledgements

Note: Contents: Overview ; 1 From Climate Change to Poverty and Back: A Framework ; 2 Bad Seed: Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security ; 3 Threat Multiplier: Climate Change, Disasters, and Poor People ; 4 Under the Weather: Climate Change, Health, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty ; 5 Lend a Hand: Poor People, Support Systems, Safety Nets, andInclusion ; 6 A Window of Opportunity: Climate-Informed Development and Pro-Poor Climate Policies

Note: Beiträge großteils deutsch, teilweise englisch

Note: Contents: Part I. Ecological Economics, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development -- Chapter 1. Ecological Economics and Climate Change -- Chapter 2. Sustainable Development and Climate Change -- Chapter 3. Policies to Achieve Sustainable Development -- Chapter 4. A Sustainable Versus a Growth-As-Usual Scenario -- Part II. Alternative Perspectives of the Climate Change Crisis -- Chapter 5. A Mainstream Economic Perspective of the Climate Change Crisis -- Chapter 6. An Ecological Economic Perspective of the Climate Change Crisis -- Part III. A Way Forward and the Road to Sustainable Development -- Chapter 7. The Case for an Emissions-Trading System to Help Resolve the Climate Change Crisis -- Chapter 8. International Climate Change Institutions and the Greenhouse-Gas Emitting Performance of Nations -- Chapter 9 Laying the Foundations to Support a New Global Climate Change Protocol -- Chapter 10. A Post-2020 Protocol and Emissions-Trading Framework to Resolve the Climate Change Crisis

Note: Contents: Managing Water, Soil, and Waste in the Context of Global Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Water and Land Context ; Climate Change, Profligacy, Poverty and Destruction: All Things Are Connected ; Urbanization as a Main Driver of Global Change ; A Nexus Approach to Urban and Regional Planning Using the Four-Capital Framework of Ecological Economics ; The Urban Water–Energy Nexus: Building Resilience for Global Change in the “Urban Century” ; Population Growth and Increased Demand for Resources ; Role of Soils for Satisfying Global Demands for Food, Water, and Bioenergy ; Implications of the Nexus Approach When Assessing Water and Soil Quality as a Function of Solid and Liquid Waste Management

Note: Contents: Preface ; 1. Pragmatism and the policy sciences ; 2. The Chicago School of Pragmatism ; 3. Functions of the decision process ; 4. Functionalism and policy change ; 5. The unity of knowledge and policy ; 6. The roots of misinterpretation ; 7. Conclusions – rediscovering the policy sciences.

Note: Table of contents Part 1: Introduction and Key Concepts 1: Introduction to Planetary Health 2: Key Concepts in Planetary Health Part 2: Conceptual Frameworks for Planetary Health 3: The Evolutionary Biology Approach: a Natural Baseline for Human Health 4: The Natural Capital Approach: Opportunities and Challenges 5: The One Earth Approach: Planetary Health in an Era of Limits 6: The Transhuman Approach: Technoscience and Nature Part 3: Human Health in an Era of Global Environmental Change 7: Trends in Human Health 8: The Demographic Transition 9: The Epidemiological Transition 10: The Ecological Transition 11: Agriculture: Land Use, Food Systems and Biodiversity 12: Urbanization, Living Standards and Sustainability 13: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming 14: Environmental Protection: a Key Tool for Planetary Health 15: Conclusions: Equity, Distribution and Planetary Health Part 4: Case Studies of Planetary Health 16: Climate Change, Land Use and Waterborne Infectious Disease 17: Sanitation, Clean Energy and Fertilizer 18: Trees, Well-being and Urban Greening 19: Livestock, Antibiotics and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Note: SECTION I TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 1. Defining and typologising democratic innovations 11 Stephen Elstub and Oliver Escobar 2. Democratic innovations and theories of democracy 32 Ian O'Flynn 3. Mini-publics: design choices and legitimacy 45 Clodagh Harris 4. Collaborative governance: between invited and invented spaces 60 Sonia Bussu 5. The long journey of participatory budgeting 77 Ernesto Ganuza and Gianpaolo Baiocchi 6. Referendums and citizens' initiatives 90 Maija Jaske and Maija Setala 7. Digital participation 105 Hollie Russon Gilman and Tiago Carneiro Peixoto SECTION II DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AND THE DEMOCRATIC MALAISE 8. Does political trust matter? 120 Gerry Stoker and Mark Evans 9. Accountability and democratic innovations 135 Albert Weale 10. Anti-politics and democratic innovation 148 Matthew Flinders, Matthew Wood and Jack Corbett 11. The impact of democratic innovations on citizens' efficacy 161 Paolo Spada SECTION III ACTORS IN DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 12. Facilitators: the micropolitics of public participation and deliberation 178 Oliver Escobar 13. Consultants: the emerging participation industry 196 Laurence Bherer and Caroline W. Lee 14. Public servants in innovative democratic governance 209 Wieke Blijleven, Merlijn van Hulst and Frank Hendriks 15. Experts: the politics of evidence and expertise in democratic innovation 225 Ruth Lightbody and Jennifer J. Roberts 16. Advocates: interest groups, civil society organisations and democratic innovation 241 Carolyn M. Hendriks 17. The role of elected representatives in democratic innovations 255 Nivek Thompson 18. Journalists: the role of the media in democratic innovation 269 Gianfranco Pomatto SECTION IV DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE 19. Democratic innovations and the policy process 282 Adrian Bua 20. Democratic innovation in science and technology 297 Sarah R. Davies 21. Democratic innovation in social policy 310 Rikki Dean 22. Democratic innovation and environmental governance 324 Jens Newig, Edward Challies and Nicolas W. Jager 23. Democratic innovation in constitutional reform 339 Ron Levy 24. Democratic innovation in transnational and global governance 354 Mikko Rask, Bjorn Bedsted, Edward Andersson and Liisa Kallio SECTION V DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AROUND THE WORLD 25. Democratic innovations in North America 371 Christopher F. Karpowitz and Chad Raphael 26. Democratic innovations in Latin America 389 Thamy Pogrebinschi and Melisa Ross 27. Democratic innovations in Europe 404 Brigitte Geissel 28. Trends in democratic innovation in Asia 421 Naoyuki Mikami 29. Democratic innovation in Australasia 435 Lucy Parry, Jane Alver and Nivek Thompson 30. Local democratic innovations in Africa 449 Isabel Ferreira and Giovanni Allegretti SECTION VI RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS 31. Quantitative methods in democratic innovation research 472 Simon Beste and Dominik Wyss 32. Qualitative approaches to democratic innovations 486 Julien Talpin 33. Mixed methods research in democratic innovation 501 Oliver Escobar and Andrew Thompson 34. Using experiments to study democratic innovations 515 Kimmo Groenlund and Kaisa Herne 35. From discourse quality index to deliberative transformative moments 527 Maria Clara Jaramillo and Ju rg Steiner 36. Analysing deliberative transformation : a multi-level approach incorporating Q methodology 540 Simon Niemeyer 37. Comparative approaches to the study of democratic innovation 558 Matt Ryan CONCLUDING CHAPTER 38. Reflections on the theory and practice of democratic innovations 572 Graham Smith Index 583

Note: Contents: PART I CONCEPTS ; 1. Meghnad Desai (2003), ‘Public Goods: A Historical Perspective’, in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven and Ronald U. Mendoza (eds), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Part 1, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 63–77 ; 2. Charles P. Kindleberger (1986), ‘International Public Goods Without International Government’, American Economic Review, 76 (1), March, 1–13 ; 3. William D. Nordhaus (2006), ‘Paul Samuelson and Global Public Goods: A Commemorative Essay for Paul Samuelson’, in Michael Szenberg, Lall Ramrattan and Aron A. Gottesman (eds), Samuelsonian Economics and the Twenty-First Century, Chapter 5, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 88–98 ; 4. Inge Kaul and Ronald U. Mendoza (2003), ‘Advancing the Concept of Public Goods’, in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceição, Katell Le Goulven and Ronald U. Mendoza (eds), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization, Part 1, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 78–111 ; PART II INCENTIVES TO COOPERATE ; 5. Todd Sandler (1998), ‘Global and Regional Public Goods: A Prognosis for Collective Action’, Fiscal Studies, 19 (3), 221–47 ; 6. Joseph S. Nye Jr. (2002), ‘The American National Interest and Global Public Goods’, International Affairs, 78 (2), April, 233–44 ; 7. Amartya Sen (1999), ‘Global Justice: Beyond International Equity’, in Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern (eds), Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 116–25 ; 8. Calvin Blackwell and Michael McKee (2003), ‘Only for my Own Neighbourhood? Preferences and Voluntary Provision of Local and Global Public Goods’, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 52 (1), 115–31 ; 9. Eric Brousseau and Tom Dedeurwaerdere (2012), ‘Global Public Goods: The Participatory Governance Challenges’, in Eric Brousseau, Tom Dedeurwaerdere and Bernd Siebenhüner (eds), Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods, Chapter 1, Cambridge, MA, London, UK: MIT Press, 21–36, references ; PART III PROVISION PATTERNS ; 10. Scott Barrett (2006), ‘Critical Factors for Providing Transnational Public Goods’, Expert Paper Series Seven: Cross-Cutting Issues, Chapter 1, Stockholm, Sweden: Secretariat of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods, 1‒58 ; 11. Cecilia Albin (2003), ‘Negotiating International Cooperation: Global Public Goods and Fairness’, Review of International Studies, 29 (3), July, 365-85 ; 12. Todd Sandler (2013), ‘Buchanan Clubs’, Constitutional Political Economy, 24 (4), 265–84 ; 13. Elinor Ostrom (2014), ‘A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change’, Annals of Economics and Finance, 15 (1), 97–134 ; 14. Fabrizio Cafaggi (2012), ‘Transnational Private Regulation and the Production of Global Public Goods and Private “Bads”’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), 695‒718 ; 15. David Gartner (2012), ‘Global Public Goods and Global Health’, Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, 22, 303–18 ; 16. Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman (2004), ‘The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods’, Journal of International Economic Law, 7 (2), 279–320 ; PART IV FINANCING SCHEMES ; 17. Agnar Sandmo (2007), ‘The Welfare Economics of Global Public Goods’, NHH (Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) Working Paper 35, November, 1–25 ; 18. Ramses H. Abul Naga and Philip Jones (2013), ‘Helping Others or Helping Oneself? International Subsidies and the Provision of Global Public Goods’, Oxford Economic Papers, 65 (4), 856–75 ; 19. Dirk T.G. Rübbelke (2011), ‘International Support of Climate Change Policies in Developing Countries: Strategic, Moral and Fairness Aspects’, Ecological Economics, 70 (8), June, 1470–80 ; 20. Pedro Conceição and Ronald U. Mendoza (2006), ‘Identifying High-Return Investments: A Methodology for Assessing When International Cooperation Pays – and for Whom’, in Inge Kaul and Pedro Conceição (eds), The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges, Part 3, New York, NY, USA, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 327–56 ; 21. Tony Atkinson (2006), ‘Global Public Finance’, Oxonomics, 1 (1), 2–4 ; 22. Ottmar Edenhofer, Michael Jakob, Felix Creutzig, Christian Flachsland, Sabine Fuss, Martin Kowarsch, Kai Lessmann, Linus Mattauch, Jan Siegmeier and Jan Christoph Steckel (2015), ‘Closing the Emission Price Gap’, Global Environmental Change, 31, 132–43 ; 23. Nancy Birdsall and Benjamin Leo (2011), ‘Find me the Money: Financing Climate and Other Global Public Goods’, Centre for Global Development Working Paper 248, i, 1‒50 ; PART V GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS ; 24. Daniel Bodansky (2012), ‘What’s In a Concept? Global Public Goods, International Law and Legitimacy’, European Journal of International Law, 23 (3), 651–68 ; 25. Inge Kaul (2013), ‘Meeting Global Challenges: Assessing Governance Readiness’, The Governance Report, 33–58 ; 26. Julio Frenk and Suerie Moon (2013), ‘Governance Challenges in Global Health’, New England Journal of Medicine, 368 (10), 936–42 ; 27. José Antonio Ocampo (2010), ‘Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance’, Journal of Globalization and Development, 1 (1), February, i, 1–27 ; 28. Peter H. Sand (2004), ‘Sovereignty Bounded: Public Trusteeship for Common Pool Resources?’, Global Environmental Politics, 4 (1), February, 47–71 ; 29. Nico Krisch (2014), ‘The Decay of Consent: International Law in an Age of Global Public Goods’, American Journal of International Law, 108 (1), 1–40 ; Index

Note: Contents: 1 The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop and Christian Wiencke Part I. Atmospheric conditions 2 The atmosphere above Ny-Ålesund : climate and global warming, ozone and surface UV radiation / Marion Maturilli, Inger Hanssen-Bauer, Roland Neuber, Markus Rex, and Kåre Edvardsen Part II. Oceanography, sea ice and underwater light regime 3 The Kongsfjorden Transect : seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrography / Vigdis Tverberg, Ragnheid Skogseth, Finlo Cottier, Arild Sundfjord, Waldemar Walczowski, Mark E. Inall, Eva Falck, Olga Pavlova, and Frank Nilsen 4 Changes in sea-ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (2003-2016) / Olga Pavlova, Sebastian Gerland, and Haakon Hop 5 The underwater light climate in Kongsfjorden and its ecological implications / Alexey K. Pavlov, Eva Leu, Dieter Hanelt, Inka Bartsch, Ulf Karsten, Stephen R. Hudson, Jean-Charles Gallet, Finlo Cottier, Jonathan H. Cohen, Jørgen Berge, Geir Johnsen, Marion Maturilli, Piotr Kowalczuk, Sławomir Sagan, Justyna Meler, and Mats A. Granskog Part III. Pelagic production, phytoplankton and zooplankton 6 Phytoplankton seasonal dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard and the adjacent shelf / Else N. Hegseth, Philipp Assmy, Józef M. Wiktor, Józef Wiktor Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Eva Leu, Vigdis Tverberg, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Ragnheid Skogseth, and Finlo Cottier 7 Zooplankton in Kongsfjorden (1996-2016) in relation to climate change / Haakon Hop, Anette Wold, Mikko Vihtakari, Malin Daase, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Marta Gluchowska, Silke Lischka, Friedrich Buchholz and Stig Falk-Petersen Part IV. Benthic microbes, macroalgae and fauna 8 Living on cold substrata : new insights and approaches in the study of microphytobenthos ecophysiology and ecology in Kongsfjorden / Ulf Karsten, Iris Schaub, Jana Woelfel, Duygu S. Sevilgen, Carolin Schlie, Burkhard Becker, Angela Wulff, Martin Graeve, and Heiko Wagner 9 Biodiversity of benthic macro- and microalgae from Svalbard with special focus on Kongsfjorden / Stein Fredriksen, Ulf Karsten, Inka Bartsch, Jana Woelfel, Miriam Koblowsky, Rhena Schumann, Siri Røang Moy, Robert S. Steneck, Józef M. Wiktor, Haakon Hop, and Christian Wiencke 10. Kelps and environmental changes in Kongsfjorden : Stress perception and responses / Kai Bischof, Christian Buschbaum, Stein Frederiksen, Francisco J. L. Gordillo, Sandra Heinrich, Carlos Jiménez, Cornelius Lütz, Markus Molis, Michael Y. Roleda, Max Schwanitz, and Christian Wiencke 11. Ecological drivers of and responses by Arctic benthic communities, with an emphasis on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Markus Molis, Frank Beuchel, Jürgen Laudien, Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk, and Christian Buschbaum Part V. Arctic fjord ecosystem model and autonomous marine observatories. 12. Outline of an Arctic fjord ecosystem model for Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden, Svalbard / Pedro Duarte, Jan Marcin Weslawski, and Haakon Hop 13. Autonomous marine observatories in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard / Haakon Hop, Finlo Cottier, and Jørgen Berge Part VI. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic 14. Kongsfjorden as harbinger of the future Arctic : knowns, unknowns and research priorities / Kai Bischof, Peter Convey, Pedro Duarte, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Maria Granberg, Haakon Hop, Clara Hoppe, Carlos Jiménez, Leonid Lisitsyn, Brezo Martinez, Michael Y. Roleda, Peter Thor, Józef M. Wiktor, and Geir Wing Gabrielsen

Note: Vectors, tensors, and fourier transforms Stress, strain, and seismic waves Reflection and transmission of plane waves Surface waves, head waves, and normal modes Waves in heterogeneous media Data transformations Synthetic seismograms Seismic migration Plane waves in anisotropic media Plane waves in anelastic media Answers to selected exercises

Note: Contents: PART I: BASICS ; 1. Population Dynamics ; 2. Simple Frequency Dependence ; 3. Dynamics in n-dimensional Games ; 4. Equilibrium ; 5. Social games ; 6. Cellular Automaton Games ; PART II: APPLICATIONS ; 7. Rock-Paper-Scissors Everywhere ; 8. Learning in Games ; 9. Contingent Life Cycle Strategies ; 10. The Blessing and the Curse of the Multiplicative Updates (Contributed by Manfred K. Warmuth) ; 11. Traffic Games (contributed by John Musacchio) ; 12. International Trade and the Environment (contributed by Matthew McGinty) ; 13. Evolution of Cooperation ; 14. Speciation ; Glossaries

Note: Contents:1. Exact Dynamic Programming ; 2. Approximation in Value Space ; 3. Parametric Approximation ; 4. Infinite Horizon Dynamic Programming ; 5. Infinite Horizon Reinforcement Learning ; 6. Aggregation

Note: Contents 1 The Conifers Conifer Taxonomy Geographic Distribution and Biogeography Life History Ecological Tolerance Conifer Mating System, Life Cycle, and Reproduction The Largest, Tallest, and Oldest Organisms on the Planet Genetic Diversity Summary Part I Genomes 2 Genomes: Classical Era The Beginnings of Genome Research in Conifers Chromosome Number and Polyploidy Genome Size Karyotype Analysis Genome Content Organelle Genomes: Chloroplast and Mitochondria Size and Structure Gene Content Inheritance Variation Summary 3 Gene and Genome Sequencing in Conifers: Modern Era A Short History of DNA Sequencing in Conifers Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing Gene Discovery Using Next-Generation Sequencing Conifer Reference Genome Sequences Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation Strategies Summary Statistics of Published Conifer Genome Sequences Discovery of the Noncoding DNA Content of Conifer Genomes Discovery of the Number and Types of Coding Genes in Conifers Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing Summary 4 Noncoding and Repetitive DNA Introduction Ribosomal DNA Tandem Repeats: Satellite, Minisatellite, and Microsatellite DNA Transposons and Retrotransposons Pseudogenes Summary 5 Gene Structure and Gene Families A Short History of Early Conifer Gene Sequencing Wood-Forming Genes Vegetative Growth Genes Floral Genes Light-Regulated Genes Defense-Related Genes Disease-Resistant Genes Summary 6 Gene Expression and the Transcriptome A Short History of Gene Expression Studies in Conifers Wood Formation Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Seasonal Patterns Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression Summary 7 Proteomics and Metabolomics A Short History of Proteomic and Metabolomic Research in Conifers Wood Formation Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors Seed Development and Somatic Embryogenesis Summary Part II Variation 8 Phenotypic Variation in Natural Populations Introduction Definitions Terms for Describing the Identity of Experimental Plant Materials: Provenance, Population, Seed Source, and Accession Terms for Describing Patterns of Genetic Variation on the Natural Landscape: Cline, Race, and Ecotype Historical Perspectives Application of Common Garden Experiments Experimental Approaches and Analytical Methods Experimental Approaches Analytical Methods Dependent and Independent Variables Common Garden Testing Literature Amount, Distribution, and Pattern of Genetic Variation in Phenotypic Traits of Conifers Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation Patterns of Variation Are Local Sources Best? Case Studies Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) Pinus Summary 9 Neutral Genetic Variation Introduction and Background Molecular Markers Used in the Study of Neutral Variation Three Conifer Genomes Purpose and Applications of Neutral Genetic Variation Studies General Diversity Results: Allozymes Variation Within Species Variation Within Populations Distribution of Variation Among Populations (Based on Polymorphic Loci only) Differences in Measures of Diversity Among Conifer Genera and Families Allozyme Summary General Diversity Results: Molecular Markers Organelle Markers Nuclear Markers Population Differentiation Factors Affecting Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation Mating Systems Gene Flow Genetic Drift Case Studies Diversity, Population Structure, and Biogeography Conservation and Mating Systems Effects of Forest Management and Tree Improvement on Genetic Diversity Summary 10 Adaptive Genetic Variation A Short History of Adaptive Genetic Variation in Conifers General Trends in Patterns of Adaptive Genetic Diversity in Conifers Observed from Neutrality and FST Outlier Tests Detection of Nonneutral Genes in a Few Conifer Species Pinus taeda Pinus sylvestris Pinus mugo, P. uncinata, and P. uliginosa Pinus pinaster and P. halepensis Pinus radiata Pinus contorta Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis Pinus lambertiana and Other Subgenus Strobus Species Pseudotsuga menziesii Larix Species Abies Species Picea Species Cryptomeria japonica and Taxodium distichum Summary 11 Quantitative Trait Dissection A Short History of Complex Trait Dissection in Conifers Pinus taeda Pinus elliottii Pinus radiata Pinus sylvestris Pinus pinaster Pinus contorta Pseudotsuga menziesii Picea ssp. Larix ssp. Cryptomeria japonica Summary 12 Landscape Genomics A Short History of Landscape Genomics Studies in Conifers Pinus Subgenus Pinus Pinus Subgenus Strobus Picea Abies and Larix Summary 13 Conservation Genetics A Brief Introduction to Conservation Genetics in Forestry Fragmentation Habitat Loss Forest Practice Disease Insects Climate Change Summary 14 Forest Health Introduction The Growing Relevance of Forest Health Genetic Variation in Forest Health Traits Insects and Disease Abiotic Stress Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance Case Studies Resistance to Pissodes strobi (White Pine Weevil) Found in Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) Resistance to an Introduced Pathogen (Phytophthora lateralis) in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port-Orford-cedar) Resistance to Stem Rusts in North American White Pines and Southern Yellow Pines Summary Part III Evolution 15 Hybridization and Introgression Introduction Definitions and Background Definitions Background Approaches to Identifying Hybrids and Quantifying Levels of Introgression Evolving Insights Case Studies of Introgressive Hybridization in Conifers Pinus contorta (Lodgepole Pine) x P. banksiana (Jack Pine) Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) x P. glauca (White Spruce) and P. engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) x P. glauca Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) x P. echinata (Shortleaf Pine) Hybrid Speciation Artificial Hybrids Summary 16 Paleobotany, Taxonomic Classification, and Phylogenetics Introduction Paleobotany Taxonomic Classification Cupressus Pinus Phylogenetics Character Selection The Conifers and Related Gymnosperms Araucariaceae Cupressaceae Pinaceae Podocarpaceae Sciadopityaceae Taxaceae Summary 17 Comparative Genomics Introduction to Comparative Genomics Comparative Mapping Comparative Gene Content and Transcriptomics Comparative Genome Sequences Summary 18 Historical Perspective and Future Directions in Forest Genetics and Genomics Historical Perspective Current Situation Future Directions Primary Commercial Species (Group A) Appendix 1 Appendix 2 References Index