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  • climate change  (331)
  • TA1-2040  (328)
  • risk assessment
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (727)
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  • English  (727)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Global warming is imposing tremendous challenges upon human and otherwise biotic life on Earth. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. The consensus is that the moisture transport by the atmospheric circulation strengthens and makes already wet areas of moisture convergence wetter and already dry areas of moisture divergence drier. Therefore, the tropics and mid-to-high latitudes will get wetter and the subtropics will get drier. Without any change in the interannual variability of hydroclimate, the change in the mean hydroclimate would equally increase drought risk in some places and flood risk in others. Moreover, global warming will cause the interannual variability of the hydroclimate to intensify, which will induce more droughts and floods. Furthermore, the changing atmospheric circulation interaction with the land surface may cause storm track alterations and may play an important role in shaping moisture redistribution. The author's contributions have documented the precipitation trends in southeast of the US, the Nile River Basin Ethiopia, Iraq, the Huai River Basin of northern China, and the Qilian Mountains of western China. The precipitation predictability on both global and regional scales are also studied. The interaction among climate systems in southeast Asia is also explicitly documented.
    Keywords: El Niño ; winter weather types ; precipitable water ; surface water vapor pressure ; consistency ; interannual and long-term trend ; precipitation ; trend analysis ; Iraq ; climate projection ; CMIP5 ; groundwater levels ; rainfall ; temperature ; Mann–Kendall test ; Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm ; rainstorm process ; rainstorm intensity ; risk estimation and mapping ; CMIP6 ; risk prediction ; Southwest China ; rainstorm and flood ; spatial and temporal change ; atmospheric circulation ; rainfall change ; CHIRPS ; PERSIANN-CDR ; descriptive statistics ; non-parametric trends ; Google Earth Engine ; central Punjab ; climate change ; land cover/land use ; vegetation ; NDVI ; Huai River Basin ; trends and variability ; flood magnitude ; Qilian Mountains ; cyclones power dissipation index (PDI) ; monsoon trough ; El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) ; Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) ; Walker circulation ; predictability ; global ; seasonal precipitation ; ENSO ; MJO ; climate trend ; land use land cover ; Nile River Basin ; water resources ; raindrop spectrum ; radar ; dynamic Z-I ; LSTM neural network ; precipitation estimation ; Loess Plateau ; spring maize ; relative soil moisture ; drought index ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology & climatology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Landscapes and cultural heritage have faced many challenges over time, including modifications and degradation that appear with time, overlaps with other challenges not previously observed, and the influence of cities and management. One of the most visible and globally discussed challenges is climate change. Therefore, there is an urgent need to launch initiatives to tackle climate change and other current challenges from the perspective of landscape and cultural heritage protection. This Special Issue presents selected papers of studies conducted in relation to the 28th Conference on the Series of Garden Art and Historical Dendrology entitled “Climate Change and Current Challenges for Landscapes and Cultural Heritage” that was held on 28 and 29 October 2021. This collection serves as a platform for the exchange of experiences among researchers from different scientific domains.
    Keywords: nature reserves ; landscape fragmentation ; north–south transitional zone ; spatial differentiation ; Qinling–Daba Mountains ; habitat quality ; water dams ; Krakow fortress ; climate change ; environmental management ; cultural heritage conservation ; urban densification ; prefabricated housing estates ; spatial devastation ; protection of urban layout ; Cracow ; climate change mitigation ; cultural heritage ; urban renewal ; urban parks ; therapeutic landscapes ; climate resilience ; vernacular heritage ; climate narratives ; climate adaptation ; climate stories ; courtyard ; urban green infrastructure ; urban pattern ; supervised classification ; ecosystem services (ES) ; urban cemeteries ; biocultural diversity (BCD) ; urban green infrastructure (UGI) ; questionnaire survey ; Leipzig ; Łódź ; sensory gardens ; urban green spaces ; aromatic herbs ; plant smell memory ; stress ; human wellbeing in urban areas ; restorative environments ; history of gardens ; castle garden ; goosefoot avenue ; star-shaped garden layout ; Austro-Hungarian Empire ; Transylvania as part of Romania ; green infrastructure ; resilience management ; biodiversity ; scenario analysis ; cellular automata model ; historic psychiatric hospitals ; therapeutic landscape ; green therapy ; horticulture therapy ; historical commons ; human cultural heritage ; local development ; landscape values ; rainwater management ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Wildfire risk can be perceived as the combination of wildfire hazards (often described by likelihood and intensity) with the susceptibility of people, property, or other valued resources to that hazard. Reflecting the seriousness of wildfire risk to communities around the world, substantial resources are devoted to assessing wildfire hazards and risks. Wildfire hazard and risk assessments are conducted at a wide range of scales, from localized to nationwide, and are often intended to communicate and support decision making about risks, including the prioritization of scarce resources. Improvements in the underlying science of wildfire hazard and risk assessment and in the development, communication, and application of these assessments support effective decisions made on all aspects of societal adaptations to wildfire, including decisions about the prevention, mitigation, and suppression of wildfire risks. To support such efforts, this Special Issue of the journal Fire compiles articles on the understanding, modeling, and addressing of wildfire risks to homes, water resources, firefighters, and landscapes.
    Keywords: wildfire risk ; object-oriented image analysis ; Sentinel-2 ; fire behavior ; flammap ; wildfire management ; water supply ; erosion ; wildfire containment ; Potential fire Operational Delineations ; Monte Carlo simulation ; transmission risk ; WUI ; fire ; defensible space ; prescribed fire ; community vulnerability ; fire suppression costs ; Zillow ; wildfire ; predictive modeling ; fire spread model ; Monte Carlo ; spatial modeling ; area difference index ; statistics ; precision ; recall ; principal components analysis ; risk assessment ; structure loss ; wildland–urban interface ; mitigation ; mapping ; land use ; disaster ; fire spread models ; surrogate modeling ; sensitivity analysis ; global sensitivity analysis ; colour coding ; communication ; forest fire ; ordinal categorization ; palette ; risk ; firefighter safety ; safe separation distance ; safety zones ; LCES ; Google Earth Engine ; lidar ; LANDFIRE ; Landsat ; GEDI ; parcel-level risk ; post-fire analysis ; risk mitigation ; rapid assessment ; natural hazards ; fuels ; fire hazard ; remote sensing ; LiDAR ; Sentinel ; modeling ; simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Non-Newtonian (non-linear) fluids are common in nature, for example, in mud and honey, but also in many chemical, biological, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care processing industries. This Special Issue of Fluids is dedicated to the recent advances in the mathematical and physical modeling of non-linear fluids with industrial applications, especially those concerned with CFD studies. These fluids include traditional non-Newtonian fluid models, electro- or magneto-rheological fluids, granular materials, slurries, drilling fluids, polymers, blood and other biofluids, mixtures of fluids and particles, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Poiseuille–Couette flow ; membrane ; viscous fluid ; channel flow ; existence theorem ; yield stress ; hemoglobe capacitor ; creeping flows ; viscoplastic fluids ; projection method ; power-law fluid ; first- and second-order slip ; Mittag–Leffler ; lubrication ; viscoplastic fluid ; rupture ; convection ; Re numbers ; enhanced oil recovery (EOR) ; SPH-FEM ; Gamma densitometer ; oil recovery ; non-newtonian fluids ; marginal function ; particle interaction ; computational fluid dynamics ; non-isothermal flows ; suspensions ; Brinkman equation ; lubrication approximation (76A05 ; lid-driven cavity ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) ; 76D08 ; Phan-Thien–Tanner (PTT) model ; bubble suspension ; porous media ; non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; porous medium ; suspension viscosity ; hemoglobin ; convection-diffusion ; slug translational velocity ; closure relationship ; non-linear fluids ; wormlike micellar solutions (WMS) ; high viscosity oil ; viscoelastic surfactants (VES) ; 76A20) ; meshless ; Bingham fluid ; Reynolds equation ; generalised simplified PTT ; dense suspension ; chemical EOR (cEOR) ; buoyancy force ; viscosity ratio ; aspect ratio ; rheology ; lubrication approximation ; fluid-solid interaction (FSI) ; optimal control ; natural convection ; biofluids ; shear-dependent viscosity ; thermodynamic capacitor ; shear-thinning ; stokesian dynamics ; weak solution ; biological capacitor ; cement ; variable viscosity ; Couette flow ; pressure boundary conditions ; inhomogeneous fluids ; boundary control ; similarity transformation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The development of solid state gas sensors based on microtransducers and nanostructured sensing materials is the key point in the design of portable measurement systems able to reach sensing and identification performance comparable with analytical ones. In such a context several efforts must be spent of course in the development of the sensing material, but also in the choice of the transducer mechanism and its structure, in the electrical characterization of the performance and in the design of suitable measurement setups. This call for papers invites researchers worldwide to report about their novel results on the most recent advances and overview in design and measurements for applications in gas sensors, along with their relevant features and technological aspects. Original research papers are welcome (but not limited) on all aspects that focus on the most recent advances in: (i) basic principles and modeling of gas and VOCs sensors; (ii) new gas sensor principles and technologies; (iii) Characterization and measurements methodologies; (iv) transduction and sampling systems; (vi) package optimization; (vi) gas sensor based systems and applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indium oxide ; n/a ; environmental monitoring ; semiconductor ; gas sensor ; packed gas chromatographic column ; ultrathin carbon layer ; metal-oxide-semiconductor array sensor ; halitosis ; laser ablation ; capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) ; LTCC side via ; MEMS ; indirect packaging ; gas sensing ; efficiency ; bad breath ; electrospray ; array optimization ; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ; electronic nose ; UV irradiation ; core/shell nanostructure ; combinatorial and high-throughput technique ; sensitive material ; hydrogen sulfide ; CO detection ; ZnO ; amperometric ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Concerns relating to energy supply and climate change have driven renewable energy targets around the world. Marine renewable energy could make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the consequences of climate change, while providing a high-technology industry. The conversion of wave and tidal energy into electricity has many advantages. Individual tidal and wave energy devices have been installed and proven, with commercial arrays planned throughout the world. The wave and tidal energy industry has developed rapidly in the past few years; therefore, it seems timely to review current research and map future challenges. Methods to improve understanding of the resource and interactions (between energy extraction, the resource and the environment) are considered, such as resource characterisation (including electricity output), design considerations (e.g., extreme and fatigue loadings) and environmental impacts, at all timescales (ranging from turbulence to decadal) and all spatial scales (from device and array scales to shelf sea scales).
    Keywords: tide-surge-wave model ; Taiwanese waters ; sea-state hindcast ; wave power ; wave energy ; unstructured grid model ; resource characterization ; WaveWatch III ; SWAN ; tidal energy ; experimental testing ; acoustic Doppler profiler ; Strangford Lough ; dc-dc bidirectional converter ; finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) ; oscillating water column (OWC) ; supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) ; wave climate variability ; wavelet analysis ; teleconnection patterns ; marine renewable energy ; ocean energy ; environmental effects ; wave modeling ; wave propagation ; numerical modeling ; sediment dynamics ; risk assessment ; marine current energy ; spiral involute blade ; hydrodynamic analysis ; numerical simulation ; wave energy trends ; reanalysis wave data ; Chilean coast ; renewable energy ; wave energy converters ; annual mean power production ; wave energy converter ; transmission coefficient ; absorption ; surfing amenity ; resource ; impact assessment ; feasibility study ; floating offshore wave farm ; WEC ; IRR ; LCOE ; marine energy ; unmanned ocean device ; multi-type floating bodies ; nonlinear Froude-Krylov force ; energy efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
    Keywords: physical habitat ; aquatic ecology ; stream health ; environmental flows ; land use ; hydrology ; hydroecology ; ecohydrology ; climate change ; Appalachia ; reforestation ; land use-land cover ; land-atmosphere coupling ; water quality ; environmental perceptions ; human dimensions ; spatial models ; socioeconomics ; urban watershed management ; municipal watershed ; water quality impairment ; collaborative adaptive management ; water resources ; urban watersheds ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; opioid ; pathway analysis ; ontology ; metabolomics ; decision-making ; logit regression ; farmer perceptions ; social networks ; public funds ; water conservation adoption ; good governance ; sanitation ; sustainability ; water supply ; water-saving agriculture ; Chinese provincial input efficiency ; three-stage DEA model ; environmental variables ; Boufakrane river watershed ; remote sensing ; LULCC ; water balances ; vulnerability ; total dissolved solids ; drinking water ; Appalachian Mountains ; streamflow sensitivity ; water security ; water balance partitioning ; Budyko ; Escherichia coli ; Suspended particulate matter ; Water quality ; Land use practices ; Watershed management ; basin ; hydrologic model ; reaeration rates ; stream metabolism ; watershed ; physicochemistry ; land use practices ; experimental watershed ; suspended particulate matter ; stream water temperature ; watershed management ; bacteria ; land-use practices ; environmental persistence ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; model validation ; Chesapeake Bay Watershed ; experimental watershed study ; human dimensions of water ; watershed modeling ; hydrological modeling ; water pollutants ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.
    Keywords: complete cadastre ; legal element ; fixing boundary ; eligible landowner ; agreement ; boundary marker ; fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) ; violent conflict ; United Nations ; extra-legal ; transitional justice ; peace building ; land governance ; power relations ; securing land rights ; land registration ; development impacts ; fit-for-purpose land administration ; land administration ; decentralization ; India ; fit-for-purpose ; institutions ; governance ; politics ; Amazon ; deforestation ; Fit-For-Purpose land administration ; participatory mapping ; indigenous land conflict ; Cumaribo ; Colombia ; community-based land adjudication ; components of adjudication ; land tenure ; land rights ; good practices ; updating land records ; systematic land registration ; unconventional approach ; case study ; Benin ; cadaster ; land administration domain model ; LADM ; cadastre ; FFPLA ; customary tenure ; land inventory ; land management ; mobile-based applications ; pro-poor ; land surveying ; tenure security ; land rights and tenure ; fit-for-purpose approach ; human rights ; design science research ; design thinking ; fit for purpose ; spatial data quality ; spatial data quality assurance ; maintenance ; update ; upgrade ; upkeep ; renewal ; data quality ; spatial framework ; STDM ; technology ; UAV ; feature extraction ; rapid urbanization ; climate change ; pandemic ; urban resilience ; spatial ; legal ; and institutional frameworks ; land tenure security ; pro-poor land recordation ; land governance reform ; cost effectiveness ; innovative technology ; case studies ; Uganda ; customary land tenure ; land recordation tools ; semantic technologies ; land information system ; fit-for-purpose land management ; aerial and street level imagery ; machine learning ; integrated land programs ; land policy ; pilot study ; informal settlements ; urban development ; Brazil ; community-based crowdsourcing ; SiGIT ; Ecuador ; land and resources rights ; public-private partnerships ; corporate social responsibility ; poverty reduction ; business driven solutions ; social enterprises ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers symmetry and asymmetry phenomena occurring in real-life problems. We invited authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research presenting engineering and economic problem solution models dealing with the symmetry or asymmetry of different types of information. The issue gained interest in the research community and received many submissions. After rigorous scientific evaluation by editors and reviewers, nine papers were accepted and published. The authors proposed different MADM and MODM solution models as integrated tools to find a balance between the components of sustainable global development, to find a symmetry axis concerning goals, risks, and constraints to cope with the complicated problems. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, combining the usual decision-making methods with interval-valued fuzzy or rough sets theory, also Z numbers. The application fields of the proposed models involved both problems of technological sciences and social sciences. The papers cover three essential areas: engineering, economy, and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; rough sets ; interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS) ; resources distribution ; the criteria of the weights ; public management ; Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) ; multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; symmetry of the method ; quadcopter ; transaction cost ; full fuzzy environment ; dual generalized geometric Bonferroni mean (DGGBM) operator ; data logger ; information theory ; control system ; salvage value ; nonlinear dynamics ; pattern formation ; oscillations ; stability ; Pythagorean fuzzy set ; FAHP ; fuzzy sets ; group decision-making ; generalized Bonferroni mean (GBM) operator ; probabilistic systems analysis ; economic decisions ; 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic numbers set (2TLNNSs) ; evaluating the quality of distant courses ; subjective weights ; Z-numbers ; green supplier selection ; dual generalized Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator ; normal cloud ; thrust ; sensor ; neutrosophic numbers ; MCDM ; Bayes’ theorem ; optimal dividend ; logistics ; measurement ; hybrid MCDM ; combining the weights ; data envelopment analysis ; criteria weights ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) ; IDOCRIW ; excess-of-loss reinsurance ; fuzzy efficiency ; multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ; MCGDM ; transport ; backward cloud transformation ; engineering problems ; rough ARAS ; capital injection ; performance ; Bonferroni mean (BM) operator ; green supply chain management ; population sizes ; hybrid problem solution models ; criteria weight assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The proliferation of powerful but cheap devices, together with the availability of a plethora of wireless technologies, has pushed for the spread of the Wireless Internet of Things (WIoT), which is typically much more heterogeneous, dynamic, and general-purpose if compared with the traditional IoT. The WIoT is characterized by the dynamic interaction of traditional infrastructure-side devices, e.g., sensors and actuators, provided by municipalities in Smart City infrastructures, and other portable and more opportunistic ones, such as mobile smartphones, opportunistically integrated to dynamically extend and enhance the WIoT environment. A key enabler of this vision is the advancement of software and middleware technologies in various mobile-related sectors, ranging from the effective synergic management of wireless communications to mobility/adaptivity support in operating systems and differentiated integration and management of devices with heterogeneous capabilities in middleware, from horizontal support to crowdsourcing in different application domains to dynamic offloading to cloud resources, only to mention a few. The book presents state-of-the-art contributions in the articulated WIoT area by providing novel insights about the development and adoption of middleware solutions to enable the WIoT vision in a wide spectrum of heterogeneous scenarios, ranging from industrial environments to educational devices. The presented solutions provide readers with differentiated point of views, by demonstrating how the WIoT vision can be applied to several aspects of our daily life in a pervasive manner.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; container ; fog computing ; virtual reality ; privacy and security ; software defined infrastructure ; intelligent medical service ; very long instruction word (VLIW) ; semantics ; privacy leakage detection ; context information ; post-copy ; ontology ; body area network ; DSP ; Internet-of-Things ; Mobile Device Management ; interoperability ; Android ; water consumption ; Processing-in-Memory ; performance analysis ; semantic ; mobility ; data management ; CRIU ; training simulator ; Industry 4.0 ; sensor networks ; experimental evaluation ; programming paradigm ; pre-copy ; microservice-oriented platform ; CubeSats ; middleware ; registry ; smart metering ; big data analytics ; nanosatellites ; medium access control ; Internet of Things ; heterogeneity ; web-of-things ; one-to-one computing educational program ; Web-of-Things ; internet of things ; instruction set extension ; microservices architecture ; migration ; behaviour ; wireless access networks ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Our world is facing many challenges, such as poverty, hunger, resource shortage, environmental degradation, climate change, and increased inequalities and conflicts. To address such challenges, the United Nations proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), consisting of 17 interlinked global goals, as the strategic blueprint of world sustainable development. Nevertheless, the implementation of the SDG framework has been very challenging and the COVID-19 pandemic has further impeded the SDG implementation progress. Accelerated efforts are needed to enable all stakeholders, ranging from national and local governments, civil society, private sector, academia and youth, to contribute to addressing this dilemma. This volume of the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability book series aims to offer inspiration and creativity on approaches to sustainable development. Among other things, it covers topics of COVID-19 and sustainability, environmental pollution, food production, clean energy, low-carbon transport promotion, and strategic governance for sustainable initiatives. This book can reveal facts about the challenges we are facing on the one hand and provide a better understanding of drivers, barriers, and motivations to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all on the other. Research presented in this volume can provide different stakeholders, including planners and policy makers, with better solutions for the implementation of SDGs. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges the Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen and Ms. Anxian Chen at School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China.
    Keywords: climate change ; sustainable development goals ; urban transformation ; decarbonization ; built environment ; governance ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Research on radiation-tolerant electronics has increased rapidly over the past few years, resulting in many interesting approaches to modeling radiation effects and designing radiation-hardened integrated circuits and embedded systems. This research is strongly driven by the growing need for radiation-hardened electronics for space applications, high-energy physics experiments such as those on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and many terrestrial nuclear applications including nuclear energy and nuclear safety. With the progressive scaling of integrated circuit technologies and the growing complexity of electronic systems, their susceptibility to ionizing radiation has raised many exciting challenges, which are expected to drive research in the coming decade. In this book we highlight recent breakthroughs in the study of radiation effects in advanced semiconductor devices, as well as in high-performance analog, mixed signal, RF, and digital integrated circuits. We also focus on advances in embedded radiation hardening in both FPGA and microcontroller systems and apply radiation-hardened embedded systems for cryptography and image processing, targeting space applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; single event effects ; n/a ; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) ; frequency divider by two ; single event upset ; Image processing ; CMOS analog integrated circuits ; FPGA ; total ionizing dose (TID) ; Impulse Sensitive Function ; soft error ; hardening by design ; radiation hardening by design ; X-rays ; Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) ; line buffer ; heavy ions ; VHDL ; FPGA-based digital controller ; radiation hardening by design (RHBD) ; radiation hardening ; SRAM-based FPGA ; proton irradiation ; ring oscillator ; sensor readout IC ; fault tolerance ; space application ; physical unclonable function ; voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) ; Ring Oscillators ; analog single-event transient (ASET) ; single event opset (SEU) ; SEB ; single event upsets ; bipolar transistor ; total ionizing dose ; protons ; triple modular redundancy (TMR) ; gain degradation ; space electronics ; saturation effect ; configuration memory ; Co-60 gamma radiation ; total ionization dose (TID) ; frequency synthesizers ; CMOS ; PLL ; TDC ; single-event upsets (SEUs) ; bandgap voltage reference (BGR) ; 4MR ; single-shot ; error rates ; Radiation Hardening by Design ; soft errors ; heavy-ions ; single-event effects (SEE) ; single event transient (SET) ; SEE testing ; proton irradiation effects ; RFIC ; single event upset (SEU) ; FMR ; ionization ; radiation tolerant ; triplex–duplex ; neutron irradiation effects ; digital integrated circuits ; single event gate rupture (SEGR) ; power MOSFETs ; ring-oscillator ; selective hardening ; voltage reference ; nuclear fusion ; TMR ; gamma-rays ; gamma ray ; instrumentation amplifier ; radiation effects ; reference circuits ; radiation-hardened ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart sensors are technologies designed to facilitate the monitoring operations. For instance, power consumption can be minimized through on-board processing and smart interrogation algorithms, and state detection enhanced through collaboration between sensor nodes. Applied to structural health monitoring, smart sensors are key enablers of sparse and dense sensor networks capable of monitoring full-scale structures and components. They are also critical in empowering operators with decision making capabilities. The objective of this Special Issue is to generate discussions on the latest advances in research on smart sensing technologies for structural health monitoring applications, with a focus on decision-enabling systems. This Special Issue covers a wide range of related topics such as innovative sensors and sensing technologies for crack, displacement, and sudden event monitoring, sensor optimization, and novel sensor data processing algorithms for damage and defect detection, operational modal analysis, and system identification of a wide variety of structures (bridges, transmission line towers, high-speed trains, masonry light houses, etc.).
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; NSGA-II ; wind force ; wavelet packet decomposition ; structural health monitoring ; amplitude spectrum ; environmental noise ; patch antenna ; damage identification ; event-triggered sensing ; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm ; high-speed train ; low-velocity impacts ; concrete structures ; sensors distribution optimization ; acceleration ; digital sampling moiré ; crack ; displacement sensor ; length effect ; FBG sensor array ; SHM ; space window ; Bayesian blind source separation ; feature selection ; stress detection ; wheel minor defect ; strain ; uniaxial stress measurement ; turbine ; impact identification ; helical antenna ; energy analysis of wavelet band ; strain wave ; time window ; structural steel members ; steel frame ; acoustoelastic effect ; demand-based nodes ; online wayside detection ; sensor ; bridge ; sensitivity ; acoustic emission ; bending stiffness ; wireless smart sensors ; distributed dense sensor network ; mapping construction ; data fusion ; fuzzy classification ; shear-wave birefringence ; normal mode ; piezoelectric wafer active sensors ; resonant frequency ; electromagnetic oscillation ; settlement ; sensor optimization ; modal frequencies ; perturbation theory ; feature extraction ; Virtual Distortion Method (VDM) ; reflective optical sensor ; fibre bundle ; smartphones ; crack identification ; active sensing ; test vehicle ; calibration ; stretching method ; model updating ; rotary ultrasonic array ; 2D crack growth ; data processing ; damage detection ; impactor stiffness ; tip clearance ; transmission tower ; phase spectrum ; concrete crack ; structural impact monitoring ; shaking table tests ; optical crack growth sensor ; steel strand ; passive sensing ; sudden event monitoring ; aero engine ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis.
    Keywords: RESCCUE project ; Electrical distribution network ; Flooding ; Risk Assessment ; city resiliency ; GIS model ; drought ; water scarcity ; water availability ; climate change ; hydrological modeling ; resilience ; flooding ; hazard mapping ; risk identification ; sustainability ; urban resilience ; traffic modelling ; resilience assessment ; urban services ; cities ; Ecosystem Services (ES) ; Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) ; Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) ; stakeholders’ validation ; stormwater management and control ; depth‒damage curves ; urban floods ; properties ; claims ; flood expert surveyor ; fluvial ; pluvial ; tidal ; sewer ; flood ; risk ; modelling ; cascading effects ; urban flood ; water quality ; cost-benefit analysis ; combined sewer overflows ; climate change adaptation ; climate risk ; socio-economic assessment ; flood risk assessment ; 1D/2D hydrodynamic model ; Metro system ; subway ; urban mobility ; pluvial floods ; 1D/2D coupled models ; impact assessment ; adaptation strategies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ab initio ; critical yield strength ; carbon nanotube ; impact buckling ; elasticity ; molecular dynamics simulation ; magnetism ; coarse-grained model ; 3D fiber-metal laminates ; mechanical property ; interface ; nanocomposites ; interface force fields ; YN ; graphene/Fe composite ; cohesive element ; stability ; ScN ; delamination propagation ; interfaces ; graphene nanoplatelets ; nanoindentation ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; piezoelectric property ; temperature effect ; Fe-Al ; hardness ; equivalent fiber ; disorder ; Fe3Al ; elastic modulus ; delamination buckling ; CNT agglomeration ; CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites ; boron nitride honeycomb ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; high-frequency ; artificial flashover tests ; wide bandgap power modules ; tracking ; electrical field strength ; fast-rise square wave voltages ; FDTD simulation ; cable joint ; corona discharge ; feature selection ; post insulator ; earthing systems ; wind speed ; surface discharge ; oil/paper insulation ; oil-paper insulation ; high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity ; UFVM ; Tettex 9520 ; electrical tree ; flashover characteristics ; composite insulator ; partial discharge ; numerical modeling ; saline mechanism ; thermal parameters ; space charge density ; seasonal ; ion flow field ; denoising ; DDX 9121b ; temperature ; transformer asset management ; cavity discharge ; space/interface charge ; insulation health index ; heat transfer model ; leakage current ; machine learning ; partial discharges (PD) ; RF signal ; flashover ; high impulse conditions ; grounding electrodes ; generalized finite difference time domain ; curve fitting ; grounding ; plasma discharge ; outdoor insulators ; flashover dynamic model ; wavelet transform ; degradation ; thermal properties ; bipolar charge transport model ; UHF sensor ; cable ; random walk theory ; tracking test setup ; GIL ; pressure ; modelling ; non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides ; calibrator ; secondary arc ; polymeric insulation ; optical-UHF integrated detection ; shoreline ; dry band arcing ; photoelectric fusion pattern ; DDX 8003 ; XLPE ; silicone gel ; partial discharge modeling ; electric field analysis ; NSCT ; electrode’s geometry ; gas ; Comsol Multiphysics ; fast-impulses ; laying modes ; ageing ; cable ampacity ; residual resistance formulation ; finite element analysis ; thermal effect ; hydrophobicity ; soil resistivity ; charge simulation method ; short-circuit discharge ; dry band formation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions generate huge science and engineering challenges and demands for expert knowledge in the field to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable while meeting high security requirements. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and presents contributions in sustainable energy systems planning, integration, and management. Moreover, the book elaborates on a variety of topics, ranging from design and planning of small- to large-scale energy systems to the operation and control of energy networks in different sectors, namely electricity, heat, ?and transport.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Romanian coastal environment ; neural networks ; intermittent heating ; wind velocities ; time-space network ; optimal chiller loading (OCL) ; renewable energy ; pure electric buses ; mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) ; control system ; FANP ; energy consumption ; load regulation ; energy ; smart box ; novel method ; smart logistics system ; multiple uncertainties ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; wind speed forecasting ; solid waste to energy plant ; uncertain cooling demand ; dual robust optimization ; Black Sea ; field test and numerical simulation ; electric power ; sustainable development ; multi-type bus operating organization ; cuckoo search algorithm ; vehicular emissions ; SWAN ; public transport ; product quality model ; MCDM ; TOPSIS ; heat transfer ; solar energy ; forecasting validity ; information gap decision theory (IGDT) ; photovoltaic systems ; configurations of internal wall ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; agricultural pruning ; hot summer and cold winter climate zone ; energy and environmental systems ; feature extraction ; information platform ; pruning biomass ; smart grid ; product usability testing ; meteorological variables ; fuzzy logic ; performance evaluation ; rural residential building ; threshold value of daily operation hours ; datacenter ; wave energy ; thermal comfort ; heat storage and release ; resampling ; risk aversion ; environment ; support vector machine ; internal coverings ; numerical models ; gradient descent ; renewable biomass energy ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents the results of the successful Sensors Special Issue on Intelligent Vehicles that received submissions between March 2019 and May 2020. The Guest Editors of this Special Issue are Dr. David Fernández-Llorca, Dr. Ignacio Parra-Alonso, Dr. Iván García-Daza and Dr. Noelia Parra-Alonso, all from the Computer Engineering Department at the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain). A total of 32 manuscripts were finally accepted between 2019 and 2020, presented by top researchers from all over the world. The reader will find a well-representative set of current research and developments related to sensors and sensing for intelligent vehicles. The topics of the published manuscripts can be grouped into seven main categories: (1) assistance systems and automatic vehicle operation, (2) vehicle positioning and localization, (3) fault diagnosis and fail-x systems, (4) perception and scene understanding, (5) smart regenerative braking systems for electric vehicles, (6) driver behavior modeling and (7) intelligent sensing. We, the Guest Editors, hope that the readers will find this book to contain interesting papers for their research, papers that they will enjoy reading as much as we have enjoyed organizing this Special Issue
    Keywords: tracking-by-detection ; multi-vehicle tracking ; Siamese network ; data association ; Markov decision process ; driving behavior ; real-time monitoring ; driver distraction ; mobile application ; portable system ; simulation test ; dynamic driving behavior ; traffic scene augmentation ; corridor model ; IMU ; vision ; classification networks ; Hough transform ; lane markings detection ; semantic segmentation ; transfer learning ; autonomous ; off-road driving ; tire-road forces estimation ; slip angle estimation ; gauge sensors ; fuzzy logic system ; load transfer estimation ; simulation results ; normalization ; lateral force empirical model ; driver monitor ; lane departure ; statistical process control ; fault detection ; sensor fault ; signal restoration ; intelligent vehicle ; autonomous vehicle ; kinematic model ; visual SLAM ; sparse direct method ; photometric calibration ; corner detection and filtering ; loop closure detection ; road friction coefficient ; tire model ; nonlinear observer ; self-aligning torque ; lateral displacement ; Lyapunov method ; automatic parking system (APS) ; end-to-end parking ; reinforcement learning ; parking slot tracking ; deceleration planning ; multi-layer perceptron ; smart regenerative braking ; electric vehicles ; vehicle speed prediction ; driver behavior modeling ; electric vehicle control ; driver characteristics online learning ; objects’ edge detection ; stixel histograms accumulate ; point cloud segmentation ; autonomous vehicles ; scene understanding ; occlusion reasoning ; road detection ; advanced driver assistance system ; trajectory prediction ; risk assessment ; collision warning ; connected vehicles ; vehicular communications ; vulnerable road users ; fail-operational systems ; fall-back strategy ; automated driving ; advanced driving assistance systems ; illumination ; shadow detection ; shadow edge ; image processing ; traffic light detection ; intelligent transportation system ; lane-changing ; merging maneuvers ; game theory ; decision-making ; intelligent vehicles ; model predictive controller ; automatic train operation ; softness factor ; fusion velocity ; online obtaining ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; driving assistant ; driving diagnosis ; accident risk maps ; driving safety ; intelligent driving ; virtual test environment ; millimeter wave radar ; lane-change decision ; risk perception ; mixed traffic ; minimum safe deceleration ; automated driving system (ADS) ; sensor fusion ; multi-lane detection ; particle filter ; self-driving car ; unscented Kalman filter ; vehicle model ; Monte Carlo localization ; millimeter-wave radar ; square-root cubature Kalman filter ; Sage-Husa algorithm ; target tracking ; stationary and moving object classification ; localization ; LiDAR ; GNSS ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; monte carlo ; autonomous driving ; robot motion ; path planning ; piecewise linear approximation ; multiple-target path planning ; autonomous mobile robot ; homotopy based path planning ; LiDAR signal processing ; sensor and information fusion ; advanced driver assistance systems ; autonomous racing ; high-speed camera ; real-time systems ; LiDAR odometry ; fail-aware ; sensors ; sensing ; percepction ; object detection and tracking ; scene segmentation ; vehicle positioning ; fail-x systems ; driver behavior modelling ; automatic operation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Planting trees in the agricultural landscape, in the form of establishing agroforestry systems, has a significant role to play in potentially improving ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, reduced soil erosion, increased soil carbon storage, improved food security and nutrition, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. While the role of trees in agroforestry systems in improving ecosystem services has been researched, studies in new systems/regions and new agroforestry system designs are still emerging. This Special Issue includes selected papers presented at the 4th World Congress on Agroforestry, Montpellier, France 20–22 May 2019, and other volunteer papers. The scope of articles includes all aspects of agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; farmers’ knowledge ; ahannon-wiener index ; economic benefits ; alley cropping ; lignin ; shelterbelts ; agroforestry ; natural capital ; forest farming ; nutrient content ; agroforestry system ; review ; Amazonia ; cropland ; riparian buffers ; climate change ; subtropical acidic forest soil ; bees ; phosphorus ; pollination ; 15N tracing experiment ; stable isotope ; West Java ; interspecific competition ; growth form ; cropping system ; climate change mitigation ; gross N transformation rates ; East Africa ; improved-fallow ; N-fixing trees ; carbon sequestration ; home garden ; margalef index ; windbreaks ; leaf nutrient diagnosis ; agroforestry systems ; pollinators ; sorption ; forestland ; China ; temperature change ; fractionation ; hedgerows ; native trees ; slash-and-mulch ; soil N ; shade tree species ; soil C ; Alpinia oxyphylla ; sustainable management ; plant water use ; rubber-based agroforestry system ; ecosystem services ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Physical processes are keys for the status of a lake. In this Special Issue, the emphasis is on dissolved oxygen and on exchange of gases, energy and momentum between atmosphere and further mixing and consumption within the water. The studies presented relate to ice-free as well as ice-covered lakes. Field measurements are combined with theoretical approaches.
    Keywords: hydrodynamic model ; bubble plume ; artificial mixing ; GLM ; Si3D ; dissolved gas ; Henry law ; total gas pressure ; ebullition ; greenhouse gases ; lacustrine waters ; diurnal variation ; hourly model ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; shallow lakes ; and sediment heat flux ; water quality ; chlorophyll-a ; phosphorus ; phosphorus release ; full set of turbulent stresses ; Acoustic Doppler current profilers ; interbeam velocity correlations ; ice-covered lakes ; convectively-mixed layer ; anisotropic turbulence ; shallow lake ; ice-covered period ; ice phenology ; snow-ice cover thickness ; under-ice irradiance ; radiatively driven convection ; climate change ; 3D modelling ; stratification ; bubble plumes ; fractal ; lakes ; mixing ; multi-scale ; turbulence ; energy fluxes ; energy content ; reservoirs ; internal waves ; surface waves ; biogenic turbulence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is a collection of papers written by leaders in the field of lateralized brain function and behaviour in non-human animals. The papers cover the asymmetry of brain mechanisms and behaviour in a wide range of both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Each paper focuses on one of the following topics: the link between population-level lateralization and social behaviour; the processes in the avian brain that permit one brain hemisphere to take control of behaviour; lateralized attention to predators and the common pattern of lateralization in vertebrate species; visual and auditory lateralization; influences that alter the development of lateralization—specifically, the effect of temperature on the development of lateralization in sharks; and the importance of understanding lateralization when considering both the training and welfare of dogs. Collectively, these studies address questions of why different species have asymmetry of brain and behaviour, how it develops, and how this is dealt with by these different species. The papers report on the lateralization of different types of behaviour, each going beyond merely reporting the presence of asymmetry and shedding light on its function and on the mechanisms involved in its expression.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; spider monkey ; zebra finch ; starlings ; frequency-dependent selection ; monocular viewing ; welfare ; climate change ; song ; development ; social behavior ; social interactions ; physiology ; predator inspection ; scale-eater ; vision ; reaction time ; cross-predation ; auditory perception ; dog ; eye preference ; brain asymmetry ; asymmetry of brain function ; paw preference ; songbirds ; shelter ; hemisphere differences ; hemispheric interactions ; population-level ; birds ; color discrimination ; laterality ; general pattern of lateralisation ; lateralised behaviour ; individual-level ; lateral dimorphism ; temperature ; social interaction ; behavior ; ESS ; social networks ; evolution ; Campbell’s monkeys ; hemispheric specialisation ; lateralization ; elasmobranchs ; Perissodus ; attention ; risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Unconventional reservoirs are usually complex and highly heterogeneous, such as shale, coal, and tight sandstone reservoirs. The strong physical and chemical interactions between fluids and pore surfaces lead to the inapplicability of conventional approaches for characterizing fluid flow in these low-porosity and ultralow-permeability reservoir systems. Therefore, new theories and techniques are urgently needed to characterize petrophysical properties, fluid transport, and their relationships at multiple scales for improving production efficiency from unconventional reservoirs. This book presents fundamental innovations gathered from 21 recent works on novel applications of new techniques and theories in unconventional reservoirs, covering the fields of petrophysical characterization, hydraulic fracturing, fluid transport physics, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy. Clearly, the research covered in this book is helpful to understand and master the latest techniques and theories for unconventional reservoirs, which have important practical significance for the economic and effective development of unconventional oil and gas resources.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shale gas ; permeability ; prediction by NMR logs ; matrix–fracture interaction ; faults ; remaining oil distributions ; unconventional reservoirs ; coal deformation ; reservoir depletion ; carbonate reservoir ; nanopore ; fracturing fluid ; pseudo-potential model ; shale reservoirs ; matrix-fracture interactions ; multi-scale fracture ; succession pseudo-steady state (SPSS) method ; fluid transport physics ; integrated methods ; chelating agent ; dissolved gas ; non-equilibrium permeability ; effective stress ; fractal ; fracture network ; spontaneous imbibition ; tight oil ; porous media ; 0-1 programming ; the average flow velocity ; geothermal water ; micro-fracture ; pore types ; pore network model ; petrophysical characterization ; nitrogen adsorption ; analysis of influencing factors ; mudstone ; rheology ; velocity profile ; shale permeability ; flow resistance ; global effect ; tight sandstones ; fractal dimension ; contact angle ; temperature-resistance ; fractured well transient productivity ; reservoir classifications ; deep circulation groundwater ; viscosity ; NMR ; fractional diffusion ; lattice Boltzmann method ; multiporosity and multiscale ; fractal geometry ; imbibition front ; productivity contribution degree of multimedium ; wetting angle ; pH of formation water ; enhanced oil recovery ; isotopes ; tight sandstone ; fracture diversion ; shale ; SRV-fractured horizontal well ; low-salinity water flooding ; shale gas reservoir ; tight reservoirs ; fracture continuum method ; tight oil reservoir ; Lucaogou Formation ; hydraulic fracturing ; clean fracturing fluid ; recovery factor ; flow regimes ; local effect ; complex fracture network ; pore structure ; gas adsorption capacity ; polymer ; non-linear flow ; conformable derivative ; production simulation ; analytical model ; enhanced geothermal system ; multi-scale flow ; experimental evaluation ; extended finite element method ; fluid-solid interaction ; groundwater flow ; well-placement optimization ; thickener ; imbibition recovery ; equilibrium permeability ; slip length ; large density ratio ; clay mineral composition ; finite volume method ; volume fracturing ; influential factors ; sulfonate gemini surfactant ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Recently, new wide-band energy gap semiconductors can be grown by ALD, PLD, sputtering, or MOCVD. They have great potential for the fabrication and application to TFTs. Inorganic semiconductors have good stability against environmental degradation over their organic counterparts, whereas organic materials are usually flexible, transparent, and when solution-processed at low temperatures, are prone to degradation when exposed to heat, moisture, and oxygen. For this Special Issue, we invited researchers to submit papers discussing the development of new functional and smart materials, and inorganic as well as organic semiconductor materials, such as ZnO, InZnO, GaO, AlGaO, AnGaO, AlN/GaN, conducting polymers, molecular semiconductors, perovskite-based materials, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes/polymer composites, and 2D materials (e.g., graphene, MoS2) and their potential applications in display drivers, radio frequency identification tags, e-paper, gas, chemical and biosensors, to name but a few.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; charge transport and injection mechanisms ; optical synaptic devices ; flat panel displays ; simulation ; persistent photoconductivity ; hydrogen ; interdigitated ; interface state trap density ; technology computer aided design (TCAD) ; oxygen defects ; Corbino ; transistor model evaluation ; metal-halide lamp ; InGaZnOx ; contact resistances ; chemical treatment ; colour difference ; organic transistor ; equivalent circuit ; channel-length dependence ; just noticeable difference ; oxide semiconductor ; OTFT ; chromaticity ; modeling contact effects ; oxygen deficiency ; dual-threshold inverter ; surface treated ; charge-carrier-mobility extraction ; optical detecting ; thin film transistor ; green ; photo-sensors ; modelling ; capacitor ; TFT-LCD ; organic thin-film transistor ; spectrum ; hydrogen effect ; organic film growth ; transparent conducting oxides ; quartz-halogen lamp ; optical ; blue LED ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Satellite Earth observation (EO) data have already exceeded the petabyte scale and are increasingly freely and openly available from different data providers. This poses a number of issues in terms of volume (e.g., data volumes have increased 10
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; knowledge base ; metadata ; Synthetic Aperture Radar ; versioning ; web services ; web application ; sustainable development goals ; earth observations ; FAIR principles ; land cover classification ; semantic enrichment ; satellite imagery ; imagery ; analysis ; information extraction ; ARD ; analysis ready data ; swiss DC ; data cube ; Open Data Cube ; UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ; time-series ; graph data ; Digital Earth Australia ; query store ; open data cube ; pyroSAR ; R ; earth oberservation ; image cube ; sentinel ; open science ; Sentinel ; reproducibility ; change ; big EO data ; earth observation ; big Earth data ; Earth Observations ; Australia ; geospatial standards ; big earth data ; visualization ; UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting ; interferometric coherence ; dynamic data citation ; intelligent semantic agents ; data curation ; snow cover ; big data ; Analysis Ready Data ; climate change ; topology based map algebra ; data provenance ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; interoperability ; image data cube ; optical remote sensing ; dual-polarimetric decomposition ; GIS ; Gran Paradiso National Park ; data sharing ; SAR ; map algebra ; Earth observation ; Armenian DC ; data cubes ; Data Cube ; data discovery ; Earth observation data ; persistent identifier ; Landsat ; GRASS GIS ; subset ; landsat ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue covers a wide range of areas—including building orientation, service life, use of photocatalytically active structures and PV facades, implications of transportation system, building types (i.e., high rise, multilevel, commercial, residential), life cycle assessment, and structural engineering—that need to be considered in the environmental impact assessment of buildings, and the chapters include case studies across the globe. Consideration of these strategies would help reduce energy and material consumption, environmental emissions, and waste generation associated with all phases of a building’s life cycle. Chapter 1 demonstrates that green star concrete exhibits the same structural properties as conventional concrete in Australia. Chapter 2 showed that the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on the surface of construction materials with a suitable stable binding agent, such as aggregates, would enable building walls to absorb NOx from air. This study found that TiO2 has the potential to reduce ambient concentrations of NOx from areas where this pollutant becomes concentrated under solar irradiation. Chapter 3 presents the life cycle assessment of architecturally integrated glass–glass photovoltaics in building facades to find the appropriate material composition for a multicolored PV façade offering improved environmental performance. Chapter 4 shows that urban office buildings lacking appropriate orientation experienced indoor overheating. Chapter 5 details four modeling approaches that were implemented to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Chapter 6 covers the life cycle GHG emissions of high-rise residential housing block to discover opportunities for environmental improvement. Chapter 7 discusses an LCA framework that took into account variation in the service life of buildings associated with the use of different types of materials. Chapter 8 presents a useful data mining algorithm to conduct life cycle asset management in residential developments built on transport systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wash water ; greenhouse gases ; environmental life cycle assessment ; sustainable-development ; transit-policy ; public-engagement ; Multilevel buildings ; building integrated photovoltaic ; slag ; operational energy ; life-cycle social analysis ; building ; travel-satisfaction ; TEASER ; BIPV ; photocatalytic construction materials ; functionalized aggregate ; green star concrete ; work-commute ; shallow plan forms ; life cycle assessment ; recycled aggregate ; environmental remediation ; block of buildings ; rain cladding ; LCA ; sustainability ; peak shaving ; residential building ; indoor overheating ; LCI ; air pollution ; environmental performance ; service life ; nitric oxides ; thermal model ; coloured glass ; demand response ; modal-variability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book derives from the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) that has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Materials and Applied Sciences. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing; advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; sustainable and green manufacturing; manufacturing of new materials; metrology and quality in manufacturing; industry 4.0; design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering; and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, the topic "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing" has attracted a large number of contributions in this journal due to its widespread popularity and potential.
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; control chart ; dynamic methodology ; hidden Markov chain ; occupational accident ; risk assessment ; risk control ; risk management ; Fused Deposition Modeling ; roughness ; Polylactic Acid ; print orientation angle ; build angle ; titanium alloys ; sustainable lubrication ; cryogenic lubrication ; MQL ; OD grinding ; CBN ; dressing ; rotary dresser ; wear ; CVD diamond ; additive manufacturing ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; flexural properties ; fatigue ; PLA ; cements ; ballast waste ; cornubianite ; mechanical properties ; Spain ; joining ; forming ; sheet–tube connections ; experimentation ; modelling and simulation ; quality enhancement ; process parameters ; design optimization ; calibration artifact ; kinematic support ; dimensional metrology ; machine tool ; length measurement ; rapid prototyping ; efficiency ; printing time ; experimental model ; prepeg ; carbon fiber ; Raman spectroscopy ; AWJM ; waterjet ; CFRP ; kerf taper ; surface quality ; metal forming ; bi-metallic ; cylinders ; compression ; finite elements ; microscopy ; cold expansion ; mandrel ; cold-forming ; swaging ; shipbuilding ; LARG paradigm ; supply chain ; coordinate metrology ; confocal microscopy ; measurement ; calibration ; traceability ; uncertainty ; quality assessment ; digital image correlation ; indentation process ; incremental forming ; finite element method ; material flow ; AWJM (Abrasive waterjet machining) ; CFRTP (Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; RSM (response surface methodology) ; ANOVA (Analysis of variance) ; C/TPU (carbon/polyurethane) ; image processing ; position control ; accuracy ; micromachines ; position compensation ; inverse conical perspective ; micromanufacturing ; manufacturing systems ; mechatronics ; FDM ; bimodulus materials ; standards ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; ABS ; anisotropy ; infill density ; layer orientation ; ASTM D638–14:2014 ; ISO 527–2:2012 ; grounding electrodes in two-layered soils ; step and touch potentials ; step potentials upper bound ; orthoses ; prostheses ; fused deposition modeling ; laminated object manufacturing ; selective laser sintering ; laser tracker ; Monte Carlo method ; verification ; green manufacturing ; sustainability metrics ; cleaner product life cycle ; material removal processes ; hybrid components ; light alloys ; magnesium ; aluminum ; drilling ; dry machining ; cold compressed air ; lubrication and cooling systems ; arithmetical mean roughness ; Ra ; average maximum height ; Rz ; repair and maintenance operations ; fused deposition modelling ; composites ; polymer injection moulding ; polyamide ; metal matrix composite ; Al-SiC ; microstructure ; machining ; cooling compressed air ; thrust force ; energy ; material removed rate ; PEEK-GF30 ; multi-response optimization ; sustainable manufacturing ; metrology ; industry 4.0 ; modeling and simulation ; quality in manufacturing ; technological and industrial heritage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries.
    Keywords: deliberation ; future generations ; future design ; political participation ; citizen engagement ; political institutions ; sustainability ; participation ; digitalization ; local government ; innovation ; mixed deliberation ; referendums ; municipal mergers ; democratic sustainability ; social trust ; political trust ; political efficacy ; citizens’ juries ; natural experiment ; opinion change ; windfarms ; Scotland ; deliberative mini-publics ; democratic innovations ; public opinion ; participatory budgeting ; ecology ; local level ; citizens ; support ; Romania ; citizens’ assemblies ; climate change ; decarbonization ; agenda setting ; deliberative democracy ; mini-publics ; environmental politics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 30
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing power levels and power densities in electronics systems, thermal issues are becoming more and more critical. The elevated temperatures result in changing electrical system parameters, changing the operation of devices, and sometimes even the destruction of devices. To prevent this, the thermal behavior has to be considered in the design phase. This can be done with thermal end electro-thermal design and simulation tools. This Special Issue of Energies, edited by two well-known experts of the field, Prof. Marta Rencz, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and by Prof. Lorenzo Codecasa, Politecnico di Milano, collects twelve papers carefully selected for the representation of the latest results in thermal and electro-thermal system simulation. These contributions present a good survey of the latest results in one of the most topical areas in the field of electronics: The thermal and electro-thermal simulation of electronic components and systems. Several papers of this issue are extended versions of papers presented at the THERMINIC 2018 Workshop, held in Stockholm in the fall of 2018. The papers presented here deal with modeling and simulation of state-of-the-art applications that are highly critical from the thermal point of view, and around which there is great research activity in both industry and academia. Contributions covered the thermal simulation of electronic packages, electro-thermal advanced modeling in power electronics, multi-physics modeling and simulation of LEDs, and the characterization of interface materials, among other subjects.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; thermal interface material ; thermal aging ; modeling ; LED compact thermal models ; niobium pentoxide ; model-order reduction ; ferromagnetic cores ; LED digital twin ; Cauer RC ladder ; in-situ characterization ; electronic packages ; time domain thermoreflectance ; multi-domain compact model ; power LEDs ; DC–DC converters ; structure function ; boundary condition independent ; electric aircraft ; multi-LED ; modelling ; light emitting diodes ; thin film ; JEDEC metrics ; tool agnostic ; power losses ; switching ; dynamic thermal compact model ; thermal transient testing ; reliability ; thermal transient analysis ; thermal simulation ; non-destructive testing ; IGBT ; carbon nanotubes ; compact thermal model ; power semiconductor devices ; SPICE ; phosphor light conversion ; thermal management ; LED luminaire design ; design flow ; thermal characterization ; motor cooling ; thermal phenomena ; silicone dome ; LED ; secondary heat path ; multi-domain modelling ; heating and optical power ; transient analysis ; thermal testability ; thermal conductivity ; multiple heat source ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics is to ensure that structures are safe and durable so that catastrophic situations can be prevented, which can otherwise cause loss of life, environmental pollution and financial losses. Depending on the uses of the structure and the conditions that the structure is subjected to, special treatment may be required for the analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to the marine environment, which can cause several different damage mechanisms including fatigue and corrosion. This book on “Marine structures” considers a wide range of areas related to marine structures and provides a compilation of numerical and experimental studies related to “Marine structures” research.
    Keywords: TC1501-1800 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shock loads ; n/a ; jacket structures ; protective device ; tripod support structures ; soil-pile-structure interaction ; acoustic metamaterials ; semi-active ; jacket platform ; solitons ; waves ; biofouling ; seawater piping systems ; motion response ; earthquake ; low-frequency sound ; failure mechanism ; free-surface flow ; depressed bottom ; performance prediction ; acoustic band gap ; marine growth ; uncoupled analysis ; towing resistance ; viscous fluid flow ; ice-induced vibration ; superelement ; anti-collision assessment ; peridynamics ; steel ; integrated numerical model ; fairlead position ; reliability ; cross-flow ; coupled analysis ; morphology evolution ; composites ; tuned mass damper ; towing method ; wave loading ; vortex-induced vibration ; coastal protection structures ; structural control ; vortical flow ; critical mass ratio ; flexible pipe ; stochastic modeling ; offshore wind turbine ; hydrodynamics ; high pressure ; offshore integrated meteorological mast (OIMM) ; ice-resistant cone ; sediment transport ; offshore wind ; thermomechanical ; corrosion detection
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management, river morphology and sediment transport, river water quality, and irrigation were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: stream discharge ; near-natural catchment ; trend analysis ; NW Spain ; field-scale hydrological models ; DRAINMOD ; tile drainage ; nitrate leaching ; climate change ; venturi flume ; CFD ; OpenFOAM ; RANS ; turbulence model ; numerical simulation ; Parshall flume ; water balance ; Thornthwaite–Mather method ; Python ; serverless computing approach ; watershed hydrology ; Yukon River plume ; river discharge ; sediment load ; flocculation ; plunging ; underflow ; flood ; geological categories ; probability ; Medvednica Mt. ; Croatia ; numerical model ; shallow water equations ; dam break ; dry and wet beds modeling ; river flow ; open channels ; eddy viscosity ; parabolic profile ; streamwise velocity distribution ; turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ; mixing length ; log law ; log wake ; hydrological modeling ; streamflow ; SWAT ; Venturi flume ; nonlinear model ; burned areas ; hydrological modelling ; infiltration capacity ; SCS-CN ; post-fire ; shock wave ; spillway ; spillway pier ; flat chute ; physical modeling ; hydrology ; tiling ; subsurface flow ; Iowa ; variational ensemble forecasting ; hydrologic processing strategies or hypotheses ; SR2MR streamflow forecasting ; real-time hydrologic forecasting system ; satellite precipitation products ; multi models ; best streamflow prediction ; inverse variance weighting ; inverse probability weighting ; representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 ; modified Mann–Kendall trend test ; Ziway Lake Basin ; Rift Valley ; Ethiopia ; maximum precipitation ; maximum flow ; gravel bed rivers ; skin friction ; flow resistance ; bed forms ; energy slope ; boundary layer characteristics ; abrupt negative step ; hydraulic jump ; energy loss ; momentum closure ; Boussinesq equations ; specified intervals ; MODIS ; evapotranspiration ; multi-variable calibration ; regional flood frequency ; ungauged catchments ; direct rainfall modelling ; headwater catchments ; Australia ; drought ; water ; water resources modelling ; flood forecast ; climate-change impacts ; river quality ; river morphology ; watershed management ; reservoir management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue on Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters features 11 articles on the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural aquatic systems (i.e., reservoirs, rivers), and effluent discharge from water treatment plants to assess the effectiveness of AMR removal and resulting loads in treated waters. Some of the key elements of AMR studies presented in this Special Issue highlight the underlying drivers of AMR contamination in the environment and the evaluation of the hazard imposed on aquatic organisms in receiving environments through ecological risk assessments. As described in this Issue, screening antimicrobial peptide (AMP) libraries for biofilm disruption and antimicrobial candidates are promising avenues for the development of new treatment options to eradicate resistance.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; risk assessment ; reuse water ; Acinetobacter junii ; Escherichia coli ; co-occurrence pattern ; EPS ; wastewater treatment plant ; UV-disinfection ; biofilm ; estuary reservoir ; Environmental Waters ; antibiotic resistance genes ; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) ; wastewater ; tertiary media filtration ; Psl ; antibiotic-resistant strains ; drinking water treatment plants ; water ; sediment ; surface water ; gastrointestinal infections ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; metal resistance genes ; metagenomics ; water reuse ; bacterial community ; antibiotics ; ERIC-PCR ; river-reservoir system ; the Yellow River ; ecological risk assessment ; aquatic environment ; wastewater treatment ; sand settling reservoirs ; antibiotic resistance gene ; environmental ecology ; antibiotic resistance ; ESBL ; water treatment plants ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; chlorination ; irrigation water ; exopolysaccharide ; fecal indicator bacteria ; Antimicrobial Resistance ; persistence ; Qingcaosha reservoir ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 37
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; social capital ; Cambodia ; forest and water policy ; land use and land cover change ; shrubland ; “Forests to Faucets” ; precipitation gradient ; forest ecosystem management ; afforestation ; connectivity ; land use change ; forest operations ; Chile ; catchment management ; forest plantation ; climate change ; compound wildfire-water risk ; native forest ; hydrology ; wetland ; streamside native buffer ; sustainability ; participatory monitoring ; hydrological modeling ; timber harvesting ; water quality ; native forests ; source water protection ; global change ; forest hydrology ; community drinking-water ; SDGs ; drinking-water security ; Oregon ; forest ; aquatic-riparian ecosystems ; NDC ; heat: moisture index ; watershed management ; load ; Rhyacotriton ; ecohydrology ; nutrient concentrations ; multi-criteria analysis ; Loess Plateau ; dissolved organic matter ; US Pacific Northwest ; soil moisture ; agricultural lands ; water management ; water provision ; water supply ; forests ; post-fire hydrology ; grassland ; forest plantations ; restoration strategy ; riparian buffer zones ; Mekong ; riparian vegetation ; density management harvest ; SWAT model ; forest watersheds ; water governance ; Nenjiang River ; forestry ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Financial Risk Measurement is a challenging task, because both the types of risk and the techniques evolve very quickly. This book collects a number of novel contributions to the measurement of financial risk, which address either non-fully explored risks or risk takers, and does so in a wide variety of empirical contexts.
    Keywords: HG1-9999 ; risk assessment ; mortgage portfolio ; insider trade ; contagion effect ; risk capital ; liquidity risk ; hedonic modeling ; rolling wavelet correlation ; inverse coefficient of variation ; exchange traded funds ; sovereign risk/debt ; securitized real estate and local stock markets ; portfolio optimization ; portfolio analysis ; risk premium ; performance measurement ; risk analysis ; contagion ; outperformance probability ; Sharpe ratio ; probability of default ; small and medium enterprises ; RAROC ; sovereign defaults ; risk attribution ; multiresolution analysis ; credit ratings ; debt maturity structure ; herding ; asset-backed securities ; modern portfolio theory ; housing segments ; analytic hierarchy process ; African countries ; Asian firms ; decentralization ; credit scoring ; dependence ; mutual funds ; spillover effect ; capital allocation ; copulas ; matched filter ; institutional holding ; crop insurance ; factor investing ; wavelet coherence and phase difference ; risk ; value-at-risk ; rearrangement algorithm
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  • 39
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue is designed to discuss and examine relevant legal issues concerning ocean governance in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the long-lasting benefits of the international community. It will cover, inter alia, the safety of navigation and maritime security, the sustainable use of marine resources (living and non-living), marine environmental protection, climate change, and marine scientific research.
    Keywords: transfer of mining technology ; commercial condition ; protection of intellectual property ; direct technology purchasing ; investment cooperation ; universal jurisdiction ; maritime piracy ; piracy trials ; Somali piracy ; maritime crime ; sustainability ; community interests ; marine genetic resources ; common heritage of mankind ; BBNJ ; integrated coastal management ; land and sea coordination ; ecological environment ; ocean law ; sustainable development ; fishery resources ; community interest ; international cooperation ; climate change ; fishery management ; legal principles ; LOSC ; precautionary approach ; ecosystem ; seasonal closure ; CCAMLR ; MPAs ; RFMOs ; conservation measures ; China ; ocean governance ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; SDG 14 ; marine environment ; international environmental law ; Law of the Sea ; ocean acidification ; rising-sea-levels ; meta-governance ; ocean action ; global environment ; regulatory governance ; IMO ; China’s role ; submissions’ adoption ; law of the sea ; deep seabed mining ; national legislation ; sponsoring state ; marine ecological environment ; multiple subjects ; co-management ; ocean community with a shared future ; cruise ships ; public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) ; international obligations ; rule of law ; COVID-19 ; China’s white paper for Arctic policy ; fisheries resources ; Arctic Ocean ; Chinese legal rights ; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) ; regional integration and cooperation ; SDGs ; Sanchi ship ; oil spill accident ; marine ecology ; ecological damage compensation ; the precautionary principle ; nuclear safety regulation ; UNCLOS ; international law ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sport games ; compensatory eating ; breath test ; exercise-induced anorexia ; Fitbit ; nutrition education ; senescence ; body weight ; sport nutrition ; fitness ; long-term follow-up ; self-efficacy ; protein ; food consumption ; cytokines ; physical exercise ; cardiometabolic health ; mediation analyses ; obesity ; food choice ; telomere length ; sporting events ; carbohydrates ; free radicals ; marathon ; adolescents ; movement skills ; naturally enriched 13C-milk proteins ; behavioral intervention ; acute exercise ; skeletal muscle damage ; Protein ; TERRA ; nutrition ; telemonitoring ; Latino ; adolescent ; macronutrients ; metabolism ; mechanisms of impact ; anabolic competence ; endurance exercise ; food healthiness ; exercise ; health promotion ; behavioral economics ; immunity ; stunting ; lifestyle intervention ; running ; telomerase ; dietary intake ; inflammation ; vegetarian ; recreational athlete ; physical performance ; out-of-home eating ; diet ; overweight ; dietary restriction ; soccer ; dual burden of malnutrition ; protein shake ; childhood memories ; chronic diseases ; music events ; oxidation ; added sugar ; lifestyle change ; vegan ; nudges ; food ; physical activity ; half-marathon ; health conscious ; free or reduced lunch ; low-income ; diet quality ; National School Lunch Program ; older adults ; aging ; sport spectators ; chronic low-grade systemic inflammation ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; adaptive ; electric vehicle ; state of charge (SOC) ; high voltage gain ; lithium-ion battery ; climate change ; ssustainable transport ; driving cycle ; smart grid ; robust ; battery powered vehicle ; Huber’s M-estimation ; electric taxi ; public transportation ; sustainable development ; DC-DC converter ; square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) ; coupled inductor ; fuel cell vehicles ; charging approaches ; ripple minimization current ; variational Bayesian approximation ; electric propulsion ; electric bus ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 42
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).
    Keywords: climate change ; local government ; climate governance ; urban transport ; politics ; local climate action ; climate emergency ; phronesis ; practical wisdom ; crisis ; UK ; Paris Agreement ; carbon budgets ; transport ; governance ; carbon accounting ; scalar ; top-down ; bottom-up ; local governments ; critical infrastructure investment ; capacities ; political leadership attributes ; municipal organizational robustness ; Chile ; pop-up consultancy centre ; local authorities ; home renovation ; decentralised approach ; home-owner renovation journey ; business models ; multi-level governance ; informal settlements ; sanitation services ; institutional remaking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; aberration compensation ; holographic and volume memories ; achromatic lens ; head-up displays ; phase characterization ; holographic display ; spatial resolution ; spatial light modulator ; zoom lens ; soliton ; transmission matrix ; head-mounted displays ; diffraction ; parallel-aligned ; liquid-crystal on silicon ; phase measurement ; multimode fiber ; digital holography ; chromatic aberration ; multiorder diffractive lens ; holography ; phase accuracy ; interference ; computer generated hologram ; optical manipulation ; speckle suppression ; phase modulation ; transparent mode ; light scattering ; ferroelectric ; phase change ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; imaging systems ; Liquid Crystal on Silicon display ; diffractive optical element ; liquid crystals ; spatially anamorphic phenomenon ; calibration ; head-up display ; helix-free ; phase precision and stability ; kinoform ; spatial light modulators ; photopolymer ; diffractive optics ; mode division multiplexing ; liquid crystal on silicon device ; augmented reality displays ; holographic data storage ; liquid crystal spatial light modulator ; harmonic lens ; fringing field effect ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Global health, conceived as a discipline, aims to train, research and respond to problems of a transboundary nature, in order to improve health and health equity at the global level. The current worldwide situation is ruled by globalization, and therefore the concept of global health involves not only health-related issues, but also those related to the environment and climate change. Therefore, in this Special Issue, the problems related to global health have been addressed from a bibliometric approach in four main areas: environmental issues, diseases, health, education and society.
    Keywords: social networks ; health ; young people ; bibliometric study ; scientometrics ; obesity ; interventions ; children ; youths ; pediatrics ; reclaimed water ; advanced oxidation process ; microorganisms ; concern emergent contaminant ; worldwide ; content analysis ; text mining ; diabetes ; QOL ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; bibliometric ; LDA ; HIV/AIDS ; quality of life ; global health ; public health ; scientometric study ; knowledge map ; visualization analysis ; CiteSpace ; COPD ; QoL ; medicinal plants ; drugs ; worldwide research ; bibliometrics ; traditional medicine ; asthma ; HRQoL ; Scival ; patents ; Spain ; Research and Development (R&amp ; D) ; social returns ; COVID-19 ; biomechanics ; musculoskeletal disorders ; RULA ; ergonomics ; applications ; climate change ; infectious diseases ; bibliometric analysis ; co-word analysis ; biclustering ; strategic diagram ; academic performance ; citation network ; motivation ; microplastics ; network analysis ; VOSviewer software ; research hotspots ; pulmonary disease ; musculoskeletal risks ; wastewater treatment ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This special feature issue has been initiated to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In OCT, broad bandwidth light is used in order to produce cross sectional images of turbid and translucent samples with high axial resolution (in the order of a few µm). The imaging speed of OCT can be as high as several millions of depth scans (A-scans) per second which allows for various applications in different fields. This special feature issue consists of three overview papers covering OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT and dental applications of OCT. Additional applications and the latest developments in OCT are covered in nine research papers. The latest developments presented in this issue include magnetomotive OCT, resonant Doppler OCT, full field OCT, new segmentation algorithms and depth range extension. Applications of OCT are widely spread and range from quality control in tooth prostheses and coating thickness measurements in the automotive industry to the assessment of degradation of coatings and alveolar dynamics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; Biomedical Engineering ; Optical Coherence tomography ; Polarization ; Angiography ; Optics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This book focuses on the up-to-date studies on the sustainability with changing climate and extremes. The main contributors discussed the changing climate and extreme events, as well as their impacts on natural and human dimension sustainability, including the incorporated social–ecologic and socioeconomic processes. Special attention is given to four main sections: natural disasters in agriculture; urban/rural ecosystem, tourism, and ecosystem service; extreme climate indices, and newly created dataset for climate change.
    Keywords: trade conflict ; carbon emissions ; import and export trade ; cooperative emission reduction ; meteorological hazards ; risk assessment ; spatial pattern ; population exposure ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; climate change ; slope geohazards ; new geohazard clusters ; extreme cooling events ; Arctic Oscillation ; winter in China ; atmospheric circulation ; GPP ; CMIP6 ; ESM ; STA ; China ; warm days ; cold days ; warm nights ; cold nights ; hot days ; frost days ; compound drought and heatwave events ; complex network ; event synchronization ; atmospheric circulation patterns ; urban agglomeration ; drought ; heat wave ; flood ; GM (1, 1) ; Arctic ; universal thermal climate index (UTCI) ; spatial-temporal changes ; 1979–2019 ; ecosystem services trade-offs ; land-use change ; soil conservation ; carbon storage ; water yield ; precipitation gradient ; Loess Plateau ; climate hazards ; geospatial analysis ; urban adaptation ; risk management ; snow disaster ; risk zoning ; Heilongjiang Province ; precipitation ; model resolutions ; cold region of China ; spatiotemporal distribution ; spatiotemporal variation ; 1961–2019 ; high-resolution and high-quality precipitation data ; independent and non-independent test ; the 0.01° multi-source fusion precipitation product ; extreme precipitation event ; forest types ; NDVI ; AVHRR GIMMS ; temperature range ; precipitation range ; snow cover ; black carbon concentration ; radiative forcing ; northeast China ; high temperature ; mobile phone data ; impact factor ; Zhuhai City ; WRF model ; projection ; short-lived heatwave event ; long-lived heatwave event ; Yangtze River Basin ; central and western Pacific ; thermocline ; yellowfin tuna ; CPUE ; El Niño ; La Niña ; GAM model ; spring soil moisture ; impact mechanism ; Songnen Plain ; Sanjiang Plain ; maize ; diurnal temperature range ; fresh air index ; natural microclimate comfort index ; fresh air–natural microclimate comfort index ; scenic spots ; Fujian province ; extreme climate indices ; temporal and spatial dynamics ; linear trend ; climate abrupt change ; central China ; peanut drought ; Shandong Province ; natural disaster risk assessment principles ; dry-hot wind disaster ; Shandong province ; natural disaster risk assessment principle ; summer maize ; inter- and mixed cropping ; flowering period ; yield ; potato climatic productivity potential ; Inner Mongolia ; effect ; human mobility ; rainfall ; taxi GPS data ; community ; Zhuhai central areas ; citrus ; quality ; future projection ; state-owned forest farms ; human resource allocation ; industrial structure ; coordination and adaptation ; personal structure ; contiguous poverty-stricken areas ; rainstorms and droughts ; direct economic losses ; disaster-affected population ; drought and flood ; vulnerability ; risk prediction ; agroecosystem ; heatwaves ; population exposure change ; global warming ; 1.5 °C warming scenario ; 2.0 °C warming scenario ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This special issue collects selected papers about a wide range of innovative applications in earthquake engineering. These studies were presented during the 2nd Edition of the International Workshop “Traditional and Innovative Approaches in Seismic Engineering”, held in Pisa in March 2017. The topics refer to the investigation of traditional and innovative materials for earthquake engineering applications: masonry, reinforced concrete, steel, structural glass and timber. In particular, advanced analytical and numerical analyses are described for considering effects of strength and material irregularities and rocking behavior under seismic excitations on historic buildings and industrial facilities. Experimental tests are also illustrated with the purpose of investigating the strengthening on masonry arches due to lime-based mortar composites and of obtaining reliable values of stiffness for moment resisting steel-timber connections. Among the innovative approaches, studies on original pavilions made of long-spanned TVT-portals braced with hybrid glass-steel panels are illustrated
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; design ; seismic ; builings ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for a successful reforestation. Seedling survival after outplanting can be improved by using high-quality seedling material. Seedling quality consists of several features, such as genetic source, morphological properties, nutritional status, stress resistance, and vitality of the seedlings. Field performance of the seedlings is a complex process which can be affected by many nursery and silvicultural practices. Nursery cultural practices strongly affect seedling quality, which is generally at its highest level during the growth period at the nursery. Afterwards, when the seedlings are transported from the nursery to the planting site (including seedling storage, handling, shipping, and planting practices), the quality of seedlings can only remain the same or decline. To ensure successful regeneration, it is important to produce seedlings that retain their high quality until planting, and to establish them quickly in the forest regeneration site.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; container parameters ; forest regeneration material ; physiological attributes ; somatic embryogenesis ; Quercus rubra ; antioxidant enzymes ; nursery production ; shortleaf pine ; historical perspective ; maturation ; Appalachia ; bulk density ; Quercus robur L. ; rabbit ; western larch ; Picea abies L. Karst. ; sessile oak ; climate change ; physiological quality ; nursery culture ; Fennoscandia ; pedunculate oak ; elk ; seeds ; survival ; small mammal ; loblolly pine ; Norway spruce ; white oak ; growing media ; germination ; morphological attributes ; embling production ; mechanization ; browse ; contractor ; field performance ; reforestation ; white-tailed deer ; forest biotechnology ; cultural practice ; hybridization ; nutrients ; silviculture ; black locust ; scarification index ; seedling quality ; tree planting machine ; seed size ; herbicide ; artificial regeneration ; restoration ecology ; porosity ; northern red oak ; cryopreservation ; leaf senescence ; tree seedling ; Douglas fir ; Quercus ; growth ; mine reclamation ; forestry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ranaviruses and other viruses within the family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of ecologically and commercially important ectothermic vertebrates, i.e., bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and invertebrates, including agricultural and medical pests and cultured shrimp and crayfish, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of these various agents on diverse host species requires the combined efforts of ecologists, veterinarians, pathologists, comparative immunologists and molecular virologists. Unfortunately, investigators involved in these studies often work in discipline-specific silos that preclude interaction with others whose insights and approaches are required to comprehensively address problems related to ranavirus/iridovirus disease. Our intent here is to breakdown these silos and provide a forum where diverse researchers with a common interest in ranavirus/iridovirus biology can profitably interact. As a colleague once quipped, “Three people make a genius.” We are hoping to do something along those lines by presenting a collection of research articles dealing with issues of anti-viral immunity, identification of a potentially novel viral genus exemplified by erythrocytic necrosis virus, viral inhibition of innate immunity, identification of novel hosts for lymphocystivirus and invertebrate iridoviruses, and modelling studies of ranavirus transmission. Collectively these and others will exemplify the breadth of ongoing studies focused on this virus family.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; n/a ; CQIV ; mathematical models ; amphibian ; iridovirus ; ISDL ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; viral load ; virus isolation ; European chub ; outbreak ; Unconventional T cell ; early detection ; susceptible species ; viral immune evasion ; DNA virus ; Rana grylio virus ; antibody ; intracellular localization ; Rana grylio virus (RGV) ; British Columbia ; Iridoviridae ; Andrias davidianus ranavirus ; viral infection ; susceptible-infected (SI) models ; yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) ; prevalence ; host-pathogen interactions ; Pacific herring ; Procambarus clarkii ; Bayesian inference ; eDNA ; amphibians ; Artemia spp. ; ranavirosis ; cross-species transmission ; FV3 ; SHIV ; Gryllus bimaculatus ; Pacific salmon ; NF-?B ; cricket ; IIV-6 ; virus binding ; erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) ; envelope protein ; iridovirus core proteins ; emerging infection ; host ; Ranavirus ; white head ; Rana temporaria ; Imd ; biosecurity ; antiviral immunity ; Decapodiridovirus ; endemic disease ; Macrobrachium rosenbergii ; co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) ; Common frog ; aquatic animals ; virus surveillance ; immunomodulators ; frog virus 3 ; ELISA ; DIV1 ; megalocytivirus ; Lymphocystis disease virus ; bearded dragon ; susceptibility ; protein interaction ; Pogona vitticeps ; viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) ; histopathology ; epidemiology ; native-fish conservation ; viral transmission ; Sparus aurata ; immunohistochemistry ; lizard ; disease dynamics ; immunofluorescence ; transmission modelling ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; interferon ; nonclassical MHC ; heparan sulfate ; ranavirus ; Mexico ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Buildings are important consumers of energy; in fact, they represent 30–45% of the global energy use and one-third of total greenhouse gas emissions, as well as contributing to the urban heat-island effect. In consequence, the correct design and execution of buildings, use of new materials that reduce energy demand, and efficient use of renewable energy are all necessary to reduce the impacts that occur during their life-cycle. This book shows some examples, focused on improving the energy-efficiency of buildings, in accordance with circular economy policies and life-cycle phases, including design, construction and use. The editor wishes to thank all the authors for contributing to this book, as well as to the assistance of MDPI’s editorial office.
    Keywords: climate-oriented ; buildings ; building construction ; climate zones ; climate change ; bibliometric ; climate zone ; building ; energy demand ; building resilience ; air quality ; air pollution ; SUNSPACE ; PM removal ; azure chemistry ; circular economy ; sustainability ; SDG 11 ; SDG 12 ; buying intention ; energy-efficient home appliances ; green self-identity ; theory of planned behavior ; waste glass ; light reflectance ; building material coatings ; soda–lime–silica glass ; lead–silica glass ; cool surface ; cool material ; cool roof ; urban heat island ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement Composites, including Textile-Reinforced Concrete (TRC), Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM), Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), etc. These composite materials distinguish themselves from other fibre-reinforced concrete materials by their strain-hardening behaviour under tensile loading. This Special Issue is composed of 14 papers covering new insights in structural and material engineering. The papers include investigations on the level of the fibre reinforcement system as well as on the level of the composites, investigating their impact and fatigue behaviour, durability and fire behaviour. Both the strengthening of existing structures and the development of new structural systems such as lightweight sandwich systems are presented, and analysis and design methods are discussed. This Special Issue demonstrates the broadness and intensity of the ongoing advancements in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement composites and the importance of several future research directions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; practical application ; fabric reinforced cementitious mortar ; tensile strength ; carbon concrete composite ; TRC ; cement composites ; model calibration ; micro-fiber ; textile reinforced cementitious composites (TRC) ; alkaline environment ; test setup ; fatigue ; textile-reinforced mortar ; foam concrete (FC) ; FRCM ; fire ; stochastic cracking model ; model ; retrofitting ; toughness ; bending tests ; normal weight/lightweight aggregates ; layered finite elements ; carbon-reinforced concrete ; fiber ; tension ; ACK model ; impact loading ; sandwich elements ; durability ; textile ; creep ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; moisture ; size effect ; textile reinforcement ; bending ; CRC ; elevated temperatures ; mixture rules ; fibre ; carbon reinforced concrete ; cathodic corrosion protection ; glass fabric ; strengthening ; design provisions ; high performance concrete ; wind loading ; textile reinforced mortar ; masonry ; textile-reinforced concrete ; strain-hardening cement-based composites ; cementitious composites ; design ; carbon textile ; textile reinforced concrete ; textile coating ; thin-walled shells ; reactive powder concrete (RPC) ; shear ; short-fiber reinforcement ; epoxy impregnation ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; bond ; high temperature ; textile reinforced concrete (TRC) ; finite element model ; uniaxial tensile tests ; structural insulating sandwich panel ; shear span ; crack spacing ; hybrid reinforcement ; four-point bending tests ; real scale bending experiments ; single-yarn pullout ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Edition of Energies on “Energy Storage and Management for Electric Vehicles” draws together a collection of research papers that critically evaluates key areas of innovation and novelty when designing and managing the high-voltage battery system within an electrified powertrain. The addressed topics include design optimisation, mathematical modelling, control engineering, thermal management, and component sizing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; battery charging ; lithium ion battery ; adaptive forgetting factor ; operating expenses ; cell sorting ; linear programming ; Simulink ; equivalent circuit model ; genetic algorithm ; multi-parameters sorting ; hybrid power system ; electric vehicle ; energy storage ageing and degradation ; parameter estimation ; Simscape ; supercapacitors ; state-of-health (SOH) ; battery energy storage system ; ECE15 ; efficiency ; residential battery storage ; timetable optimization ; self-discharge ; dynamic programming approach ; state of charge estimation ; regenerative energy ; fuel cell ; energy storage system ; nonlinear battery model ; charging scheme ; Li-Sulfur batteries ; Matlab ; dynamic flow rate optimization ; rule-based optimal strategy ; second-life energy storage applications ; Identification ; hybrid vehicle ; recursive least square ; thermal modelling ; zinc–nickel single-flow battery ; Luenberger observer ; HPPC ; vehicle-to-building ; ?-constraint method ; lithium-ion battery ; life cycle assessment ; parameter identification ; Lipschitz nonlinear system ; lithium titanate oxide batteries ; batteries ; battery degradation ; improved artificial bee colony ; optimal control ; thermal behaviour ; supercapacitor models ; battery cycle-life extension ; cycle-life ; self-organizing maps clustering ; principal component analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agricultural drainage, such as runoffs from farmlands and wineries, are contaminated waters. Their management is monitored by environmental protection authorities who set targets of volume or pollutant reductions. Due to large quantities and seasonal variations, the targets are often not met, and effective management remains a problem in many parts of the world. Natural wetlands are known as the ‘kidneys’ of the earth with unique water purification functions that have long been recognized. Imitating the functions of natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are engineered systems purposely built to treat contaminated waters. They may therefore be called the ‘artificial kidneys’ of the earth. Rural areas often only have low-value lands available for constructed wetlands. Where large quantities of drainage are produced, farmlands are often adjacent to degraded natural wetlands that have reduced ecosystem functions. Controlled discharge and treatment in the wetlands can potentially be part of an integrated solution to multiple environmental problems. This book includes some recent studies on the fate of pollutants removed from agricultural drainage in wetlands, modelling of wetland performance, innovative systems, and the use of non-hazardous agricultural waste in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. These studies enhance our understanding of wetland systems, and will help develop wetland technology towards solving the problems associated with agricultural drainage.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TA170-171 ; Agricultural runoff ; wastewater treatment. ; constructed wetland ; pollution control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The recent advances in optical sources and detectors have opened up new opportunities for sensing and imaging techniques which can be successfully used in biomedical and healthcare applications. This book, entitled ‘Optical Methods in Sensing and Imaging for Medical and Biological Applications’, focuses on various aspects of the research and development related to these areas. The book will be a valuable source of information presenting the recent advances in optical methods and novel techniques, as well as their applications in the fields of biomedicine and healthcare, to anyone interested in this subject.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; TA1-2040 ; RM1-950 ; fiber optic sensor ; computational optical sensing and imaging ; imaging spectroscopy ; spectral imaging ; optical coherent tomography ; optical feedback interferometry ; optical tomography ; Raman sensing and imaging ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Image analysis is a fundamental task for extracting information from images acquired across a range of different devices. Since reliable quantitative results are requested, image analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods—particularly for applications in medicine, security, and remote sensing, where the results of the processing may consist of vitally important data. The contributions to this book provide a good overview of the most important demands and solutions concerning this research area. In particular, the reader will find image analysis applied for feature extraction, encryption and decryption of data, color segmentation, and in the support new technologies. In all the contributions, entropy plays a pivotal role.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; keyframes ; time-delay ; whale optimization algorithm ; multilevel thresholding ; multi-exposure image fusion ; additive manufacturing ; patch structure decomposition ; ultra-sound images ; 3D scanning ; Arimoto entropy ; contrast enhancement ; spatial filling factor ; depth maps ; image processing ; 3D prints ; differential evolution ; field of experts ; normalized divergence measure ; image privacy ; multiscale top-hat transform ; q-exponential ; texture information entropy ; diffusion ; hybrid algorithm ; Weibull statistics ; adaptive selection ; nonextensive entropy ; computer aided diagnostics ; fatty liver ; random forest ; DNA encoding ; low contrast ; entropy ; Minkowski island ; fuzzy entropy ; free-form deformations ; person re-identification ; chaotic system ; DNA computing ; pavement ; information entropy ; discrete entropy ; Tsallis statistics ; video skimming ; prime-indexed primes ; natural scene statistics (NSS) ; Hénon map ; q-sigmoid ; image entropy ; Shannon entropy ; macrotexture ; Shannon’s entropy ; binary image ; multi-feature fusion ; image analysis ; uncertainty assessment ; non-rigid registration ; hash layer ; Cantor set ; dynamic filtering ; deep neural network ; security analysis ; multiple-image encryption ; Hamming distance ; blind image quality assessment (BIQA) ; q-Gaussian ; remote sensing ; decay trend ; chaotic cryptography ; chaotic strategy ; cross-entropy loss ; random insertion ; metabolic syndrome ; sign languages ; generalized entropies ; relevance feedback ; image retrieval ; two-dimensional chaotic economic map ; cryptanalysis ; infrared images ; 3D Latin cube ; SHA-256 hash value ; gradient distributions ; structural entropy ; discrete cosine transform (DCT) ; chaotic map ; hepatic steatosis ; machine vision ; electromagnetic field optimization ; security ; image segmentation ; quantization loss ; colonoscopy ; video summarization ; permutation ; Kapur’s entropy ; surface quality assessment ; permutation-diffusion ; Ramanujan primes ; Rényi entropies ; chosen-plaintext attack ; image encryption ; dynamic index ; color image segmentation ; ultrasound ; Otsu method ; sigmoid ; reconstruction ; image information entropy ; 3-D digital imaging ; positron emission tomography ; medical imaging ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, the environmental impact of organic pollutants, especially persistent and emerging organic pollutants, has attracted widespread attention, and related research has been rapidly developed. Organic pollutants represent a popular topic of research in the environmental field. Large amounts of organic pollutants, which are widely distributed in air, water, sediment, soil, and other environmental media, are created via industrial production and other human activities. A series of research projects have been carried out regarding the development of analytical methods for organic pollutants, the distribution of environmental media, environmental concentration, environmental fate, the exploration of new pollutants, and the non-target analysis of organic pollutants.
    Keywords: regulated e-waste recycling ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ; heavy metals ; environmental media ; vegetable ; risks ; cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ; heart failure ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ; trace elements ; serum ; polyhaloaromatic compounds ; chemiluminescence ; analytical method ; Fenton system ; hydroxyl radicals ; bisphenol analogues ; zebrafish ; joint toxicity ; gene expression ; online monitoring ; diagnosis ; PCDD/F ; incineration ; feedback control ; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ; reference materials (RMs) ; quality control (QC) ; water analysis ; resin ; adsorption ; pore size distribution ; chemical modification ; water treatment ; PCNs ; spatial distribution ; congener ; environmental risk ; sediment ; VOCs ; distribution ; risk assessment ; chemical industrial park ; phthalate ; dietary intake ; DEHP ; DBP ; DIBP ; bottled drink ; PFASs ; QSAR–ICE–SSD ; electroplating industry ; ecological risk assessment ; PAHs ; historical trends ; shallow lake ; economic parameters ; sources ; sediment core ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; HBCD ; EPS ; XPS ; POPs ; tetrabromobisphenol A ; Xenopus laevis ; brain development ; thyroid hormone ; biphasic concentration-response ; composting ; turning frequency ; ammonia oxidizing bacterial ; ammonia oxidizing archaeal ; N fractions ; ammonia emission ; screening assay ; thibz gene ; multiwell plate ; biomass combustion ; CHP plant ; renewable energies ; emission ; organic pollutants ; bisphenol analogs ; oxidative stress ; dechlorane plus ; maternal blood ; sequential samples ; variation ; correlation ; bisphenol A ; emissions ; polypropylene ; bottom sediments ; environmental monitoring ; Odra River estuary ; organotin compounds ; trueness ; verification ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shear strength ; n/a ; buckling ; thermal property ; acetic anhydride ; WPC ; silicon carbide ; coating amount ; composite ; polymer-triticale boards ; wood ; activation volume ; oriented strand lumber (OSL) ; bending strength ; nanowollastonite ; VOCs ; wood-inorganic composites ; thermal modification ; wood plastic composite ; crystallinity ; sol-gel process ; wood adhesive ; straw ; mechanical properties ; bamboo ; plastic ; carbothermal reduction ; formaldehyde emissions ; cellulose ; graphene nano-platelets ; creep behavior ; surface properties ; dimensional stability ; nanocompounds ; UF resin ; tunnel-structured ; ceramic ; color ; water absorption ; high-density polyethylene film ; mechanical property ; aquacultural ; HDPE ; biorefinery lignin ; methyl methacrylate ; structural analysis ; sol–gel process ; polyurethane-acrylate ; mechanical and physical properties ; water-based UV curing coating ; oak (Quercus alba L.) ; dynamic thermodynamic ; stepped isostress method ; thermoplastic polymers ; sustainable adhesives ; finite element analysis ; rapid formaldehyde release ; adhesive penetration ; modulus of elasticity in bending ; Southwell’s method ; hydrophobicity ; Abaqus ; sepiolite ; chemical structure ; alder plywood ; wood panels ; particleboard properties ; chemical modification ; thickness swelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Climate change and urban development threaten health, undermine coping and deepen existing social and environmental inequities. A changing global environment requires transformative social responses: new partnerships, deep engagement with local communities, and innovation to strengthen individual and collective assets. The chapters of this edited volume have mainly been contributed by established and emerging scholars representing social work, sociology, development studies, law, government, social anthropology, urbanism, public policy, and other social sciences This book is to be used for academics, policy makers, social work students, lecturers and other stakeholders to promote advocacy for vulnerable client groups affected by climate change. It gives some measure of hope and makes the invisible visible, allowing for change.
    Keywords: climate change ; global environment ; vulnerable populations ; social care ; human health ; economic justice ; sociology ; urban studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to address the challenges modern-day buildings face in the context of high energy and resource consumption and climate change. One of the ways to address the issues is holistic design and operation of high-performance buildings in the area of energy efficiency, occupant health, and comfort. All this should be achieved through synergic interconnectedness between parameters such as the indoor–outdoor environment, sustainability, and resilience. Through different chapters, this reprint highlights the key areas, namely, the optimization of building design parameters, the impact of the use of modern-day phase-change materials, the adaptation of occupants and buildings to climate change, the mitigation of urban overheating by cool roofs, and reducing energy demand and CO2 emissions.
    Keywords: climate change ; bioclimatic design ; passive design ; energy efficiency ; overheating ; building resilience ; robustness ; shape factor ; building ; thermal envelope ; energy demand ; CO2 emissions ; white roofs ; cool roofs ; reflective material ; cost-benefit ; energy savings ; urban heat island ; thermal comfort ; indoor environmental quality ; educational buildings ; energy consumptions ; local discomfort ; building energy retrofitting ; phase change materials ; aerogel render ; heat stress risk ; emission ; lifecycle cost ; peak cooling load ; residential building ; building envelope ; multi-objective genetic algorithm ; TRNSYS ; climate zone ; multi-criteria decision making ; CRITIC ; TOPSIS ; capture devices ; variables ; field surveys ; thermal perceptions ; adaptive actions ; hostel dormitories ; composite climate of India ; reflective materials ; mitigation ; outdoor comfort ; visual comfort ; heat stress ; optimization ; skyscrapers ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of renewable energy is an effective solution for the prevention of global warming. On the other hand, environmental plasmas are one of powerful means to solve global environmental problems on nitrogen oxides, (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxides (CO2) in the atmosphere. By combining both technologies, we can develop an extremely effective environmental improvement technology. Based on this background, a Special Issue of the journal Energies on plasma processes for renewable energy technologies is planned. On the issue, we focus on environment plasma technologies that can effectively utilize renewable electric energy sources, such as photovoltaic power generation, biofuel power generation, wind turbine power generation, etc. However, any latest research results on plasma environmental improvement processes are welcome for submission. We are looking, among others, for papers on the following technical subjects in which either plasma can use renewable energy sources or can be used for renewable energy technologies: Plasma decomposition technology of harmful gases, such as the plasma denitrification method; Plasma removal technology of harmful particles, such as electrostatic precipitation; Plasma decomposition technology of harmful substances in liquid, such as gas–liquid interfacial plasma; Plasma-enhanced flow induction and heat transfer enhancement technologies, such as ionic wind device and plasma actuator; Plasma-enhanced combustion and fuel reforming; Other environment plasma technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wet scrubber ; thermal switch ; n/a ; blade-barrier electrode ; NOx reduction ; woodceramics ; syngas ; re-entrainment phenomena ; agglomeration ; two-stage AC-AC converter ; low-resistivity particle ; PFC ; sodium sulfide ; NOx ; energy efficiency ; marine diesel engine ; combustor ; semiconductor manufacturing ; corona discharge ; thermal arc plasma ; nonthermal plasma ; ignition ; input-parallel and output-series connected inverter ; thermal management ; gas turbine ; ionic wind ; waste cooking oil ; diesel engine ; nanoparticle ; plasma generator ; waste heat ; high-frequency DC-AC inverter ; electrostatic precipitator ; water vapor ; gasification ; ion-induced nucleation ; aftertreatment ; plasma ; collection efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2018”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental as well as computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed both original research articles as well as review articles. After one year, 28 papers were submitted and 14 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was 37.91 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (9); Korea (3); Spain (1); and India (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics, including analysis of fans, turbines, fires in tunnels, vortex generators, deep sea mining, as well as pumps.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fluid structure interaction (FSI) ; numerical methods ; axial gap ; impeller ; radiation noise ; natural ventilation ; ventilation performance ; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ; experimental research ; hot streak ; disc thickness ; fire ; circumferential groove casing treatment ; blade wrap angle ; sweep and lean ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; OpenFOAM ; gas turbine ; fire propagation ; disc spacing distance ; hydraulic collecting ; thermosyphon ; wind tunnel ; flow control ; source term ; leading edge ; flow around cylinder ; vortex generators ; plug-holing ; noise spectrum ; CGCT-blade integrated optimization ; dimensional analysis ; deep sea mining ; heat transfer ; abnormal blade installation angle ; axial fan ; rotating stall ; optimized design ; orthogonal test ; fluid dynamics ; simulation and modeling ; aerodynamic noise ; centrifugal pump ; suction flow field ; two-stage axial fan ; cavitation inception ; evaporation and condensation ; numerical simulation ; CFD simulation ; aspect ratio ; evacuation ; tunnel slope ; Tesla turbine ; vortex induced vibration (VIV) ratio ; global optimization ; volume of fluid ; blade exit angle ; acoustic energy ; tunnel vehicle fire ; multiphase flow ; distribution characteristic ; unsteady heat release rate ; hydrodynamic response ; manganese nodules exploitation ; isentropic efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Phages have shown a high biotechnological potential with numerous applications. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques aligned with omic and molecular tools have revealed innovative phage features and enabled new processes that can be further exploited for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of fields. The high-quality original articles and reviews presented in this Special Issue demonstrate the incredible potential of phages and their derived proteins in a wide range of biotechnological applications for human benefit. Considering the emergence of amazing new available bioengineering tools and the high abundance of phages and the multitude of phage proteins yet to be discovered and studied, we believe that the upcoming years will present us with many more fascinating and new previously unimagined phage-based biotechnological applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; toxicity ; encapsulation ; n/a ; cancerous tumors ; bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme ; native gel electrophoresis ; bacteriophages ; Cpl-1 ; O-antigen ; ESKAPE ; Clostridium perfringens ; X-ray crystallography ; macromolecular interactions ; safety ; biofilm ; major coat protein ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Staphylococcus aureus ; tail sheath protein ; magnetic separation ; serotyping ; pathogenic viruses ; liposomes ; tuberculosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; nanotubular structures ; alpha-sheet ; biosensors ; sarcoidosis ; tailspike proteins ; M13 bacteriophage ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; gene expression regulation ; bacteriophage recombination ; self-assembly ; phage therapy ; R-type pyocin ; contractile injection systems ; bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3 ; microtiter plate assay ; Enterococcus faecalis ; culture enrichment ; drug delivery vehicles ; neurodegenerative disease ; landscape phage ; niosomes ; bacteriophage ; Myoviridae ; bacteriophage evolution ; porous structure ; phage-host interaction ; phage display ; immune response ; antibiotic resistance ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; bacteriocin ; Appelmans ; fluorescence sensor ; molecular probe ; nanomedicine ; Shigella flexneri ; reporter phage ; filters ; in vitro activity ; capsid dynamics ; immunoscreening ; diagnostics ; microarray ; receptor-binding protein ; endolysin ; enzybiotics ; transfersomes ; T7phage library ; Pal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Selective and quantitative detection of different kinds of biocomponents plays an important role in biomedical applications, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, toxicology, regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Therefore, multidisciplinary area of magnetic biosensing have been extensively developed in recent years, aiming to create compact analytical devices for non-expensive and low time consuming analysis provided at the point of care by non-skilled personnel. Biological samples exhibit very low magnetic background, and thus highly sensitive measurements of magnetic labels or magnetic nanoparticles enriched units can be performed without further processing. A magnetic biosensor is a compact analytical device in which magnetic transducer converts a magnetic field variation into a change of frequency, current, voltage, etc. Different types of magnetic effects are capable of creating magnetic biosensors with extra high sensitivity. This book describes interesting examples of magnetic materials based biosensors, including the synthesis of model materials for biosensor development, new engineering solutions and theoretical contributions on the magnetic biosensor sensitivity. Book contains 13 research works representing international multidisciplinary teams from Austria, China, Germany, Greece, Iran, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Taiwan and United States of America. It can be useful for PHD students and researches working in the field of magnetic nanomaterials and biomedical applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; R895-920 ; Magnetic biosensors ; Magnetic relaxation ; Magnetic nanoparticles ; Magnetic label detection ; Label free magnetic detection ; Ferrogels ; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; membrane ; bacteria ; cyclodextrin ; silver nanomaterial ; drug delivery ; transparent conductive film ; cytocompatibility ; surface free energy ; administration route ; sericin ; biosensor ; uptake ; substrate modification ; silver ion ; AgNPs ; mechanical properties ; cell culture ; titanium alloy ; Au–Ag alloy ; silver shell ; moderate sintering ; wound dressing ; polymer nanocomposite ; DNA damage ; surface morphology ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; flexible and printed electronics ; plants ; reactive oxygen species ; mechanism ; optoelectronics ; cytotoxicity ; photonic sintering ; synthesis ; silver nanoparticle ; doxorubicin (DOX) ; food packaging ; SERS detection ; nanomedicine ; antimicrobial activity ; nanogaps ; TNFR1 ; silica template ; silver ions release ; diagnostics ; phytotoxicity ; polydopamine ; silver nanoparticles ; tumor necrosis factor ; protective agent ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This multidisciplinary book covers a wide range of topics addressing critical challenges for advancing the understanding and management of shale oil and shale gas resources. Both fundamental and practical issues are considered. By covering a variety of technical topics, we aim to contribute to building a more integrated perspective to meet major challenges faced by shale resources. Combining complementary techniques and examining multiple sources of data serve to advance our current knowledge about these unconventional reservoirs. The book is a result of interdisciplinary and collaborative work. The content includes contributions authored by active scientists with ample expertise in their fields. Each article was carefully peer-reviewed by researchers, and the editorial process was performed by an experienced team of Senior Editors, Guest Editors, Topic Editors, and Editorial Board Members. The first part is devoted to fundamental topics, mostly investigated on the laboratory scale. The second part elaborates on larger scales (at near-wellbore and field scales). Finally, two related technologies, which could be relevant for shale plays applications, are presented. With this Special Issue, we provide a channel for sharing information and lessons learned collected from different plays and from different disciplines.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; fracture mode ; Multi Finger Caliper ; sensitivity analysis ; shale oil ; borehole stability ; shale reservoir ; XRD ; XRF ; shear deformation ; optimization ; DSC ; EDX ; imbibition ; oil shale ; shale ; pore size distribution ; seismic wavefield ; unconventional ; fracturing fluid ; shale gas reservoir ; elastomer seal ; oil production ; leaching ; elemental analysis ; Chang 7 reservoir ; shale reservoirs ; Wufeng-Longmaxi shale ; TGA ; fracturing ; solid-liquid extraction ; fuling gas field ; Niutitang formation ; isolated organic matter ; SEM ; safety levels of activity ; well integrity ; flowback fluid ; osmotic hydration ; anisotropy ; surface hydration ; ionic stabilizer ; quantitative evaluation ; tight oil recovery ; FTIR ; fluid-solid-heat coupling ; liner hanger ; dynamic crack initiation toughness ; Jordan ; numerical simulation ; organic matter pores ; shale drilling fluid ; finite element analysis ; multistage fracturing ; well ; negative extreme swelling ratio ; volume fracturing ; contact pressure ; NSCB specimen ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomolecular self-assembly provides a green, facile, and highly effective method to synthesize various functional nanomaterials that have exhibited considerable potential in the fields of nanotechnology, materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, food science, energy storage, and environmental science. In this collection of articles, we presented recent advance in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of self-assembled bio-nanomaterials. In a comprehensive review article, the controlled self-assembly of biomolecules including DNA, protein, peptide, enzymes, virus, and biopolymers via internal interactions and external simulations is introduced and discussed in detail. In other research articles, the self-assembly of DNA, protein, peptide, bio-drugs, liquid crystal polycarbonates, and diblock copolymers to various biomimetic/bioinspired nanomaterials and their potential applications in nanopatterning, sensors/biosensors, drug delivery, anti-parasite, and water purification are demonstrated.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; graphene oxide ; membrane ; spindle-like nanoparticles ; lamellar diblock copolymer ; pattern transfer ; flash nanoprecipitation ; interactions ; micromechanical biosensor ; multiscale method ; elastic property ; cholesteryl ; modular coassemble ; Meloidogyne incognita ; natural frequency ; protein ; nanoimprint lithography ; external stimulations ; ROS detection ; DNA film ; Abamectin ; polymeric prodrug ; amphipathic polycarbonates ; biocompatibility ; synergistic codelivery ; amphiphilic block copolymers ; nanostructures ; self-assembly ; stimulisensitive release ; biomolecules ; directed self-assembly ; water purification ; drug release ; triphenylphosphonium ; dicyanostilbene ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The book Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks provides insights and solutions for a range of problems in the field of obtaining greener, energy-efficient, and sustainable networks. The book contains the outcomes of the Special Issue on “Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks” of the Sensors journal. Seventeen high-quality papers published in the Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field. Among the published papers, one paper is an editorial and one is a review, while the remaining 15 works are research articles. The published papers are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works that are authored by more than 75 different contributors with both academic and industry backgrounds. The editorial paper gives an introduction to the problem of information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, presenting the state of the art and future trends in terms of improving the energy-efficiency of wireless networks and data centers, as the major energy consumers in the ICT sector. In addition, the published articles aim to improve energy efficiency in the fields of software-defined networking, Internet of things, machine learning, authentication, energy harvesting, wireless relay systems, routing metrics, wireless sensor networks, device-to-device communications, heterogeneous wireless networks, and image sensing. The last paper is a review that gives a detailed overview of energy-efficiency improvements and methods for the implementation of fifth-generation networks and beyond. This book can serve as a source of information in industrial, teaching, and/or research and development activities. The book is a valuable source of information, since it presents recent advances in different fields related to greening and improving the energy-efficiency and sustainability of those ICTs particularly addressed in this book
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; node speed ; linear recovery ; resource block allocation ; social awareness ; internet-of-things ; scheduling algorithm ; renewables ; neural network ; battery capacity ; energy awareness ; measurement structure ; optimization ; energy efficiency ; charging efficiency ; random structural matrices ; SDN ; water filling algorithm ; ONOS ; energy harvesting ; malware detection ; node density ; HetNets ; sustainability ; cooperative smart community ; adversarial samples ; spatial modulation ; NOMA ; 5G ; light-weight authentication ; green networking ; Device-to-Device (D2D) ; lightweight cipher ; mobile edge computing ; wireless power transfer ; adaptive link rate ; successive interference cancellation (SIC) ; directional charging vehicle ; self-interference cancellation ; proportional rate constraint ; inter-meeting time ; sustainable ; RWSN ; channel state information ; stochastic geometry ; networks ; green internet of things (IoT) ; PHY-layer ; IoT ; Markov chain ; traffic engineering ; QoS ; energy-efficient Ethernet ; power ; lightweight authentication ; energy aware routing ; authentication ; wired access ; amplify-and-forward ; software defined networking (SDN) ; image compressive sensing (CS) ; green ; edge computing ; LTE-A ; opportunistic networks ; RF Fingerprinting ; data centre ; multiple-input multiple-output ; Internet of Things ; machine learning ; peer discovery ; full-duplex ; industrial ; carbon footprint ; WSN ; imperfect CSI ; data center ; symbol error probability ; physical-layer authentication ; interference coordination ; clustering ; control and data plane ; wireless ; ICT ; bisection based optimal power allocation ; energy-efficiency ; consumer preferences ; real-time traffic ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Water resource management includes the consideration of all disciplines of hydrology and water sources. Water supplies are allocated and diverted to cover the water needs of a range of agricultural, municipal, industrial, hydro-electrical, and ecological water uses. These water uses are, usually, very competitive, as the available water resources are limited and it is not possible to cover the total water needs in a basin, requiring the setting of water use priorities to best serve societal and ecological needs. To manage the water resources and waterworks may, sometimes, lead to confrontational deliberations and negotiations. As a result, water resource management is one of the world’s greatest challenges due to competition for limited resources, regional disparities in water supply and affluence, mounting global water demand, aquifer depletion, and pollution- and climate-change-induced water stress. Proper policy and governance for sustainable water resource management is essential and require new fresh ideas, innovation, and international cooperation. This book includes seven papers by invited renowned researchers and engineers to cover issues of water resource management, governance, and policy. These issues include the following topics: Integrated water resource management; Water resource systems and water availability; National and international water policy, institutional arrangements, and water law; Water conflict resolution, public participation, and decision making; Water resource management, policy and governance in socially and environmentally sensitive areas and regions.
    Keywords: water allocation ; planning ; river/reservoir systems ; water availability modeling ; global change ; integrated assessment modelling ; system dynamics simulation ; water resources management ; water supply ; climate change ; earth system ; feedback ; conflicts ; environmental flows ; small-scale hydropower projects ; institutional change ; nestedness ; governance mode ; legal pluralism ; mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystem ; spatial evolution analysis ; remote sensing ; Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area ; prolonged drought ; scarcity ; indicators ; transboundary river basins ; Iberian Peninsula ; climate crisis ; water adaptation ; Greece ; Koronia lake ; sustainability ; Mygdonia Basin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Due to its low adaptability to climate change, the MENA region has become a "hot spot". Water scarcity, extreme heat, drought, and crop failure will worsen as the region becomes more urbanized and industrialized. Both water and food scarcity are made worse by civil wars, terrorism, and political and social unrest. It is unclear how climate change will affect the MENA water–food–energy nexus. All of these concerns need to be empirically evaluated and quantified for a full climate change assessment in the region. Policymakers in the MENA region need to be aware of this interconnection between population growth, rapid urbanization, food safety, climate change, and the global goal of lowering greenhouse gas emissions (as planned in COP27). Researchers from a wide range of disciplines have come together in this SI to investigate the connections between water, food, energy, and climate in the region. By assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, natural disasters, water supply, energy production and demand, and environmental impacts in the region, this SI will aid in implementation of sustainable solutions to these challenges across multiple spatial scales.
    Keywords: drought ; flood ; standard precipitation index ; rainfall anomaly index ; soil conservation service-curve number ; high-heat devices ; electronics cooling ; thermal management ; CFD ; heat transfer enhancement ; microchannels ; inserts ; greenhouse gases ; geospatial analysis ; remote sensing ; Arabian Peninsula ; climate change ; rainwater harvesting ; arid areas ; metrologic analysis ; hydrologic modeling ; AHP ; decolorization ; direct red-81 ; graphene ; methylene blue ; nitrate reductases ; operating parameters ; zero-valent iron ; water pricing ; urban infrastructure ; multi-block pricing ; externality costing ; single-block pricing ; urban warming ; urban bias ; land surface temperature ; MODIS ; GAIA dataset ; Mann–Kendall test ; Theil–Sen estimator ; CO2 absorption ; MEA ; membrane contactor ; porosity ; pore size ; natural convection ; melting PCM ; enthalpy-porosity method ; mushy zone parameter ; adsorption ; membrane ; adsorptive membrane ; activated carbon ; dye removal ; hybrid membrane ; solar concentrator ; thermal ; helical rotating shaft ; active methods ; GIS ; Nile Delta region ; modified DRASTIC-LU ; groundwater vulnerability ; geospatial technique ; energy hub ; cogeneration systems ; Archimedes optimization algorithm ; sustainable ; emissions ; water management ; irrigation water requirements ; CROPWAT model ; numerical simulation ; turbulent flow ; plate heat exchanger ; sand and dust storms ; hydrology ; surface and ground water changes ; spatial-temporal analysis ; Middle East ; assessment ; protection structures ; inundation ; hazards ; shoreline changes ; Nile Delta ; modeling ; biogas ; methane ; landfill of Mohammedia ; upgrading ; gold nanoparticles ; instant nanosynthesis ; urchin-shaped nanogold ; green capping agent ; biocompatible nanogold ; groundwater salinization ; ion ratios ; stable isotopes ; seawater mixing index (SMI) ; northwest coast ; weighted overlay model ; analytical hierarchical process (ahp) ; thematic layers ; biochar ; croplands and rangelands ; carbon sequestration ; organic manures ; aquaculture ; sustainability ; Egypt ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Effective safety management has always been a key objective for the broader airworthiness sector. This book is focused on safety themes with implications on airworthiness management. It offers a diverse set of analyses on aircraft maintenance accidents, empirical and systematic investigations on important continuing airworthiness matters and research studies on methodologies for the risk and safety assessment in continuing and initial airworthiness. Overall, this collection of research and review papers is a valuable addition to the published literature, useful for the community of aviation professionals and researchers.
    Keywords: minimum equipment list ; aviation ; aircraft ; safety ; airworthiness ; flight safety ; aviation accidents ; aircraft maintenance ; MxFACS ; General Aviation ; human factors ; engineering changes ; regulation ; management changes ; industry change ; maintenance engineering culture ; Bowtie analysis ; risk assessment ; MRO ; visual inspection ; cause–consequence analysis ; barrier model ; 6M ; Ishikawa ; accidents ; maintenance ; military aviation ; airlift ; cost ; integration-in-totality principle ; seven-principles-framework of system safety ; systems thinking ; systems engineering ; system safety principles ; strategic quality management ; risk management ; reliability ; Nigerian aviation accidents ; learning form incidents ; safety management ; learning from incidents ; aviation safety ; learning taxonomy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin which experienced different natural and anthropogenic phenomena causes of community or intra-species changes over time. The Mediterranean Sea went through dramatic changes in its biota through the last 6 million years and more quickly in the recent century. All the events left a footprint on the gene pool of marine species, on their morpho-anatomical features, and on the loss or expansion of the geographical range extent. Nowadays the Mediterranean basin is changing its physical and ecological characteristics. The changes in its environmental conditions are followed by changes in its species composition and have been recorded in historical museum collections. In this book, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea is described at a synchronic or diachronic level, highlighting the past two centuries for which museum collections can provide overlooked information.
    Keywords: Mediterranean Sea ; mtDNA ; control region ; swordfish ; Monachus monachus ; Mediterranean monk seal ; mitochondrial DNA ; Adriatic Sea ; endangered species ; biodiversity ; climate change ; herbaria ; macroalgae collections ; chondrichthyans ; conservation ; fishing ; historical ecology ; Annelida ; Polychaeta ; benthos ; community structure ; algae ; environmental changes ; historical data ; benthic communities ; biomonitoring ; taxonomy ; museum collections ; environmental heritage ; marine mammals ; cetacean strandings ; natural history museums ; zoological collections ; Mediterranean biodiversity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal policies and, therefore, the further development of pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.〈false,〉A Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” will be devoted to advancements in the mathematical and statistical development of risk measures with applications in finance and economics. This Special Issue will bring together the theory, practice and real-world applications of risk measures. This book is a collection of papers published in the Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” for Sustainability in 2018.
    Keywords: HG1-9999 ; risk assessment ; VIX ; business groups ; SHARE ; asymptotic approximation ; European stock markets ; whole life insurance ; dynamic hedging ; risk-neutral distribution ; cooperative banks ; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ; group-affiliated ; early warning system ; factor models ; smoothing process ; GMC ; falsified products ; S&P 500 index options ; credit derivatives ; corporate sustainability ; term life insurance ; risk management ; crude oil ; financial stability ; social efficiency ; dynamic conditional correlation ; emerging market ; out-of-sample forecast ; financial crisis ; binomial tree ; news release ; green energy ; perceived usefulness ; Bayesian approach ; two-level optimization ; probability of default ; bank risk ; SYMBOL ; information asymmetry ; CoVaR ; probabilistic cash flow ; japonica rice production ; bank profitability ; Monte Carlo Simulations ; gain-loss ratio ; coherent risk measures ; Mezzanine Financing ; national health system ; option value ; conscientiousness ; online purchase intention ; Slovak enterprises ; spot and futures prices ; liquidity premium ; institutional voids ; utility ; random forests ; bankruptcy ; optimizing financial model ; sustainable food security system ; dynamic panel ; co-dependence modelling ; financial performance ; time-varying correlations ; Project Financing ; future health risk ; generalized autoregressive score functions ; volatility spillovers ; financial risks ; simulations ; life insurance ; emotion ; finance risk ; markov regime switching ; diversification ; production frontier function ; Granger causality ; health risk ; risks mitigation ; returns and volatility ; sadness ; low-income country ; the sudden stop of capital inflow ; bank failure ; China’s food policy ; objective health status ; IPO underpricing ; polarity ; climate change ; stock return volatility ; sentiment analysis ; empirical process ; full BEKK ; stochastic frontier model ; perceived ease of use ; volatility transmission ; openness to experience ; sustainability ; low carbon targets ; quasi likelihood ratio (QLR) test ; banking regulation ; sustainable development ; specification testing ; fossil fuels ; time-varying copula function ; tree structures ; monthly CPI data ; coal ; cartel ; regular vine copulas ; sustainability of economic recovery ; ANN ; EGARCH-m ; financial security ; leniency program ; financial hazard map ; uncertainty termination ; causal path ; stakeholder theory ; technological progress ; banking ; investment horizon ; regression model ; two-level CES function ; joy ; the optimal scale of foreign exchange reserve ; carbon emissions ; stochastic volatility ; B-splines ; self-perceived health ; sovereign credit default swap (SCDS) ; RV5MIN ; utility maximization ; credit risk ; policy simulation ; socially responsible investment ; portfolio selection ; scientific verification ; European banking system ; risk-free rate ; wild bootstrap ; medication ; investment profitability ; Amihud’s illiquidity ratio ; multivariate regime-switching ; inflation forecast ; risk aversion ; market timing ; need hierarchy theory ; variance ; diagonal BEKK ; conjugate prior ; risk ; moving averages ; financial risk ; risk measures
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Each year, natural hazards, such as earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, tsunamis, floods, wildfires, severe storms, and drought, , affect humans worldwide, resulting in deaths, suffering, and economic losses. According to insurance broker Aon, 2010–2019 was the worst decade on record for economic losses due to disasters triggered by natural hazards, amounting to USD 3 trillion, which is USD 1 trillion more than for the period of 2000–2009. In 2019, the economic losses from disasters caused by natural hazards were estimated at over USD 200 billion (UNDRR Annual Report, 2019). In this context, remote sensing shows high potential to provide valuable information, at various spatial and temporal scales, concerning natural processes and their associated risks. The recent advances in remote sensing technologies and analysis, in terms of sensors, platforms, and techniques, are strongly contributing to the development of natural hazards research. With this Special Issue titled “Remote Sensing for Natural Hazards Assessment and Control”, we proposed state-of-the-art research that specifically addresses multiple aspects on the use of remote sensing (RS) for Natural Hazards (NH). The aim was therefore to collect innovative methodologies, expertise, and capabilities to detect, assess, monitor, and model natural hazards. The present Special Issue of Remote Sensing encompasses 18 open access papers presenting scientific studies based on the exploitation of a broad range of RS data and techniques, as well as focusing on a well-assorted sample of NH types.
    Keywords: wildfires ; hillslope erosion ; satellite imagery ; rainfall erosivity ; RUSLE ; rockfall source areas ; identification ; relief ; slope angle ; rock mass strength ; rockfall susceptibility ; land subsidence ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; InSAR ; machine learning algorithm ; meta-heuristics ; Iran ; k-Nearest Neighbor ; Random Forest ; fires ; Landsat 8 ; Sentinel 2 ; Terra ; ASTER ; MODIS ; burned ; mapping ; hazard chain ; turbidity ; suspended sediment detection ; extreme climate events ; tailing dam risk management ; spatiotemporal pattern mining ; El Niño ; remote sensing ; geographic information system ; flash floods ; visual analysis ; SAR offset tracking ; glacier surface velocity ; glacier instability ; glacier hazards ; ice avalanches ; ENSO ; glacier mass balance ; glacier surface energy ; earthquake ; coseismic effects ; field line resonance ; acoustic gravity waves ; lithosphere-magnetosphere coupling ; burnt area monitoring ; Australia ; Sydney ; wildfire ; earth observation ; mid-resolution sensors ; time series analysis ; burn severity ; climate zones ; deep learning ; PRISMA ; burned area ; Sentinel-2 ; morphological operator ; convolutional neural network ; casualty prediction ; importance assessment ; spatial division ; support vector regression ; digital image correlation ; phase correlation ; optical flow ; time series image stack ; landslides ; ground motion identification ; displacement mapping ; UAS ; risk assessment ; random forest ; DInSAR ; Yan’an city ; settlement prediction ; reclaimed land ; exponential model ; Asaoka method ; wide-area deformation ; deformation detection ; time-series InSAR ; stacking ; Turpan–Hami basin ; heavy rainfall ; shallow landslides ; TRIGRS model ; spatial distribution ; susceptibility assessment ; Longchuan County ; Guangdong Province ; MT-InSAR ; ground deformation monitoring ; Sentinel-1A/B ; image partition ; block adjustment ; Gaofen-2 ; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) ; freeze–thaw processes ; permafrost ; Qilian Mountains ; natural hazards ; hazard ; vulnerability ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is a hard copy of the editorial and all the papers in a Special Issue of the peer-reviewed open access journal ‘Water’ on the theme ‘Managed Aquifer Recharge for Water Resilience’. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is the purposeful recharge of water to aquifers for subsequent recovery or environmental benefit. MAR is increasingly used to make water supplies resilient to drought, climate change and deteriorating water quality, and to protect ecosystems from declining groundwater levels. Global MAR has grown exponentially to 10 cu.km/year and will increase ten-fold within a few decades. Well informed hydrogeologists, engineers and water quality scientists are needed to ensure that this investment is effective in meeting increasingly pressing needs. This compilation contains lessons from many examples of existing projects, including several national and continental summaries. It also addresses the elements essential for identifying and advancing projects such as mapping aquifer suitability and opportunities, policy matters, operational issues, and some innovations in MAR methods and monitoring. This collection exemplifies the state of progress in the science and practice of MAR and is intended to be useful, at least to water managers, water utilities, agricultural water users and urban planners, to facilitate water resilience through new MAR projects.
    Keywords: ASR ; recycled water ; well clogging ; geochemical analysis ; filtration ; biofouling ; risk management ; Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) ; aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) ; strategic storage ; Northern Australia ; Managed Aquifer Recharge ; MAR ; climate change ; water management ; IWRM ; adaptation measures ; indicators ; Spain ; groundwater ; mapping ; Sweden ; decision-support ; riverbank filtration ; pharmaceuticals in groundwater ; removal of pharmaceuticals ; managed aquifer recharge ; web GIS ; web tools ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; suitability mapping ; anthropic forcing ; meteorological forcing ; lake bank filtration ; mixing ratios ; environmental tracer ; time-varying mixing model ; sensitivity analysis ; Ulaanbaatar ; MATLAB ; FEFLOW ; artificial recharging scenarios ; Mexico ; legal ; regulatory ; framework ; LAN (Law of the Nation’s Waters) ; reclaimed water ; arid ; semi-arid ; environment protection ; health protection ; safety ; risk ; ecosystems ; contaminants ; recycling ; drinking water ; regulation ; governance ; SAT ; tillage ; infiltration pond ; infiltration rate ; soil compaction ; types of MAR for irrigation ; Yellow River Irrigation District ; adaptability zoning evaluation ; online flow-cytometry ; enzymatic activity ; ultrafiltration ; ATP ; managed aquifer recharge (MAR) ; induced bank filtration (IBF) ; geographic information science (GISc) ; geographic information systems (GIS) ; drinking water supply ; guidelines ; climate adaptation ; stream temperature ; streamflow ; Henry’s Fork ; fisheries ; Snake River ; Idaho ; water rights ; infiltration basin ; cost function ; suitability map ; GIS-MCDA ; water supply security model ; risk assessment ; decision support ; dynamic ; probabilistic ; integrated water resource management ; organic amendments ; contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) ; pathogens ; new water challenges ; Underground Transfer of Floods for Irrigation ; droughts ; floods ; groundwater depletion ; groundwater recharge ; water quality ; water level monitoring ; recharge performance ; rainwater harvesting ; India ; water security ; urban water management ; semiarid ; Social Technology ; developing countries ; Africa ; water banking ; water crisis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.
    Keywords: recovery rates ; beta regression ; credit risk ; contingent convertible debt ; financial modelling ; risk management ; financial crisis ; recovery rate ; loss given default ; model ambiguity ; default time ; no-arbitrage ; reduced-form HJM models ; recovery process ; Counterparty Credit Risk ; Hidden Markov Model ; Risk Factor Evolution ; Backtesting ; FX rate ; Geometric Brownian Motion ; trade credit ; small and micro-enterprises ; financial non-financial variables ; risk assessment ; logistic regression ; probability of default ; wrong-way risk ; dependence ; urn model ; counterparty risk ; credit valuation adjustment (CVA) ; XVA (X-valuation adjustments) compression ; genetic algorithm ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Because of the increasing pressure on both food safety and packaging/food waste, the topic is important both for academics, applied research, industry and also for environment protection. Different materials, such as glass, metals, paper and paperboards, and non-degradable and degradable polymers, with versatile properties, are attractive for potential uses in food packaging. Food packaging is the largest area of application within the food sector. Only the nanotechnology-enabled products in the food sector account for ~50% of the market value, with and the annual growth rate is 11.65%. Technological developments are also of great interest. In the food sector, nanotechnology is involved in packaging materials with extremely high gas barriers, antimicrobial properties, and also in nanoencapsulants for the delivery of nutrients, flavors, or aromas, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds. Applications of materials, including nanomaterials in packaging and food safety, are in forms of: edible films, polymer nanocomposites, as high barrier packaging materials, nanocoatings, surface biocides, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, nutrition and neutraceuticals, active/bioactive packaging, intelligent packaging, nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens) and bioplastics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; alginate film ; antibacterial activity ; chitosan ; simulation ; vegetable oil ; degradation ; antibacterial ; montmorillonite nanoclay ; nanocomposites ; nanocoating ; smart nanomaterials ; tensile test ; fire ; rosehip seed oil ; biomaterials ; essential oil ; nanocoatings ; fused deposition modelling (FDM) ; antioxidant ; pectin film ; mechanical properties ; risk analysis ; personalized design ; powdered rosemary ethanolic extract ; barrier properties ; combustion ; cold-press oil ; polymer ; antimicrobial ; thiazolidine-4-one scaffold ; customization ; poly(lactic) acid ; graphene ; edible film ; carbon nanotubes ; electrospinning ; packaging design ; computer aid design (CAD) ; food packaging ; thermoforming ; reverse engineering ; technology ; product design ; risks ; polymeric systems ; bioactive food packaging ; poly(lactic acid) ; 3D printing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; methane detection ; concentration prediction ; two-photon femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence ; n/a ; finite-element analysis ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) ; quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy ; real-time observation ; carbon dioxide monitoring ; filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy ; thermal control ; femtosecond laser-induced plasma spectroscopy ; Tm ; MgO:PPLN crystal ; mid-infrared ICL ; combustion sensing ; algorithm ; laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) ; mid-infrared fingerprint spectrum ; time division multiplexing differential modulation ; detection limit ; design optimization ; 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio detection ; femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; coupling efficiency ; gas detection ; laser spectroscopy ; hollow-core photonic crystal fiber ; thermoelectric cooling ; TDLAS ; chicken swarm optimization ; frequency modulation spectroscopy ; absorption spectroscopy ; practical applications ; methane ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy ; continuous-wave (CW) ; tunable laser absorption spectroscopy ; noise reduction algorithms ; C2H2 detection ; a multi-reflection chamber ; tunable mid-infrared solid-state laser ; photothermal spectroscopy ; stokes vectors ; combustion diagnostic ; GRIN fiber probe ; wavelength modulation ; deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration ; femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging ; graphene saturable absorber ; femtosecond laser ; near-infrared ; all-fiber laser ; optical parametric oscillator ; mid-infrared ; gas sensing ; direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) ; interferometric gas detection ; single-frequency ; non-linearity ; TDLAS technique ; interband cascade lasers ; optical parametric oscillator (OPO) ; quantum cascade lasers ; PQS ; support vector machine ; Ho:LuVO4 laser ; two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy ; intracavity gas detection ; quartz tuning fork ; trace gas detection ; information processing technology ; optical sensing ; temperature compensation ; broadband spectrum ; tunable diode laser ; diffuse integrating cavity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: heavily Environmental mathematical models represent one of the key aids for scientists to forecast, create, and evaluate complex scenarios. These models rely on the data collected by direct field observations. However, assembly of a functional and comprehensive dataset for any environmental variable is difficult, mainly because of i) the high cost of the monitoring campaigns and ii) the low reliability of measurements (e.g., due to occurrences of equipment malfunctions and/or issues related to equipment location). The lack of a sufficient amount of Earth science data may induce an inadequate representation of the response’s complexity in any environmental system to any type of input/change, both natural and human-induced. In such a case, before undertaking expensive studies to gather and analyze additional data, it is reasonable to first understand what enhancement in estimates of system performance would result if all the available data could be well exploited. Missing data imputation is an important task in cases where it is crucial to use all available data and not discard records with missing values. Different approaches are available to deal with missing data. Traditional statistical data completion methods are used in different domains to deal with single and multiple imputation problems. More recently, machine learning techniques, such as clustering and classification, have been proposed to complete missing data. This book showcases the body of knowledge that is aimed at improving the capacity to exploit the available data to better represent, understand, predict, and manage the behavior of environmental systems at all practical scales.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; geophysical monitoring ; data scarcity ; missing data ; climate extreme indices (CEIs) ; rule extraction ; Dataset Licensedatabase ; data assimilation ; data imputation ; support vector machines ; environmental observations ; multi-class classification ; earth-science data ; remote sensing ; magnetotelluric monitoring ; soil texture calculator ; machine learning ; ClimPACT ; invasive species ; species distribution modeling ; 3D-Var ; ensemble learning ; data quality ; water quality ; microhabitat ; k-Nearest Neighbors ; Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) ; decision trees ; processing ; attribute reduction ; Expert Team on Sector-specific Climate Indices (ET-SCI) ; core attribute ; rough set theory ; GLDAS ; arthropod vector ; environmental modeling ; statistical methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production.
    Keywords: perceived consumer effectiveness ; green food consumption ; social trust theory ; social ideal theory ; psychological wellbeing ; China ; food additives ; food industry ; food safety ; health impacts ; maltitol ; metabolism ; sweeteners ; consumer’s perceptions and attitudes ; food security ; natural food products ; natural sweeteners ; sustainability ; food sovereignty ; reindeer herding ; food value chain ; Indigenous peoples ; COVID-19 pandemic ; the Arctic ; Western Siberia ; Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; epistemic trust ; risk perception ; genetically modified food ; public acceptance ; partial least squares structural equation modeling ; community-based intervention ; diet ; home food availability ; home food environment ; sugar sweetened beverages ; fruit and vegetable intake ; Mediterranean diet ; Mediterranean diet pyramid ; sustainable diets ; environmental concerns ; nutrition ; food-based dietary guidelines ; migrants ; diabetes ; food habits ; culturally tailored diet ; transcultural mediator ; café ; green ambience ; Delphi method ; indicator design ; grain production ; spatial–temporal characteristic ; influencing factors ; the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain ; Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia ; nutritional value ; phenolic profile ; chicoric acid ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Brazil ; community restaurants ; food handlers ; food insecurity ; low-income ; COVID-19 ; families ; children ; food acquisition ; restaurants ; biofilms ; food microbiology ; dietary guidelines ; Mediterranean ; the USA ; Japan ; Argentina ; South Africa ; egg quality traits ; ginger ; immunity ; Japanese quail performance ; halal food performance ; availability ; healthy/nutritional factor ; accreditation ; clean/safe/hygiene factor ; trust ; attachment ; halal-friendly image ; retention ; muslim travelers ; Escherichia coli ; bacterial retention ; surface topographies ; meat exudate ; wipe cleaning ; conditioning film ; Cape Verde ; cereals ; metals ; dietary intake ; risk assessment ; Indigenous health ; food systems ; colonialism ; community-based ; participatory ; n/a ; dysphagia ; the elderly ; food products ; processing ; rheology ; texture ; capital endowment ; ecological cognition ; environment-friendly technology ; adoption level ; Hackman model ; environmental health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences, entitled “New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete"". It identifies emerging research areas within the field of recycled aggregate concrete and contributes to the increased use of this eco-efficient material.Its contents are organised in the following sections: Upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete in structural design; Large scale applications of recycled aggregate concrete; Long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete; Performance of recycled aggregate concrete in very aggressive environments; Reliability of recycled aggregate concrete structures; Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete; New applications of recycled aggregate concrete.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; crushing ; heavyweight waste glass ; n/a ; recycled aggregate quality ; seismic load ; microstructure ; construction waste ; permeability ; bond strength ; seismic performance ; aggregate interlock mechanism ; recycled concrete aggregates ; compressive strength ; crumb rubber ; cellular concrete ; model ; cyclic load ; recycled aggregate ; crushed glass ; models ; recycled aggregate concrete ; reactive power concrete ; recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) ; energy absorbing ; creep ; elevated temperature ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; size effect ; recycled concrete aggregate ; geological nature of aggregates ; mechanical properties ; recycled concrete ; artificial neural networks ; recycled aggregates ; steel fibre ; quality of aggregates ; aggregates ; foam stability ; ceramic foam ; durable characteristics ; nylon fiber ; concrete ; mechanical characteristics ; strain rate ; steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) ; dynamic mechanical property ; concrete sludge fines ; water absorption ; columns ; environmental impact ; blast-furnace slag ; input variable ; tensile splitting strength ; aggregate ; returned concrete ; reinforced concrete member ; variable sensitivity ; soil stabilization ; numerical analysis ; shear behavior ; fly-ash ; modulus ; life cycle assessment ; foam structure ; silica fume ; recycling ; recycled coarse aggregate concrete ; ready-mixed concrete ; foam concrete ; flexural behavior ; mixture proportioning ; aggregate characteristic ; residual properties ; CT ; reinforced concrete ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This special issue entitled “Water Quality Assessments for Urban Water Environment,” strives to highlights the status quo of water environment, opportunities and challenges for their sustainable management in lieu of rapid global changes (land us eland cover changes, climate change, population growth, change in socio-economic dimension, urbanization etc.), in the urban space particularly in developing nations around the world. It also highlights the effect of COVID19 pandemic on water resources and way forward to minimize the risk of spreading health risk associated with wastewater management. Considering the complex nature of the urban water security, it highlights the importance of emerging approaches like socio-hydrology, landscape ecology, regional-circular-ecological sphere etc., which presents a perfect combination of hard (infrastructure) and soft (numerical simulations, spatial technologies, participatory approaches, indigenous knowledge) measures, as the potential solutions to manage this precious water resource in coming future. Finally, what is the way forward to enhance science-policy interface in a better way to achieve global goals e.g., SDGs at local level in a timely manner. It provides valuable information about sustainable water resource management at the urban landscape, which is very much useful for policy-makers, decision-makers, local communities, and other relevant stakeholders.
    Keywords: groundwater ; geospatial analysis ; hydrogeochemical assessment ; multivariate statistical analysis ; water quality index ; middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ; urban river stretches ; phosphorus ; spatial distribution ; bioavailability ; suspended sediment (SS) ; water quality ; WEAP ; climate change adaptation ; urbanization ; domestic wastewater management ; sustainable development goals ; triple-rice cropping system ; full-dike ; surface water quality ; WAWQI ; An Giang Province ; the Vietnamese Mekong Delta ; hydrological residence time (HRT) ; lake ; COVID ; waterbodies ; WQI ; HPI ; HEI ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; bioaerosol ; aerosolized wastewater ; environmental transmission ; agriculture ; water security ; water scarcity ; climate change ; IWRM ; socioeconomic changes ; sustainable development ; Pindrawan tank area ; drinking water quality ; artificial intelligence ; particle swarm optimization ; support vector machine ; naive Bayes classifier ; water insecurity ; water security framework ; public health ; primary health care ; groundwater demand ; Sundarbans ; vulnerability ; sensitivity loop ; water–human wellbeing nexus ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; three-dimensional temperature field ; n/a ; forced convection ; RNG k-? model ; PIV measurements ; water friction loss ; flat plate ; horizontal ; optimization ; casson fluid ; finned tube ; plate-fin heat sink ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; plate heat exchanger ; partial heating ; thermo-diffusion ; HEN synthesis ; Keller-Box technique ; visualization experiment ; ice-cream ; modelling ; computational intelligence techniques ; canned motor ; boiling ; heat transfer ; operating condition ; vertical ; phase change ; flow distribution characteristics ; scraped surface heat exchanger ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; aspect ratio ; orientation ; axisymmetric flow ; CACRS ; natural convection ; MINLP ; multi-slip ; ice storage ; viscosity ; axial piston pump ; crystallization ; multiphase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue aims to highlight how plant breeding could contribute to strengthening sustainability in field crop production by integrating the application of modern technologies and tools. This Reprint contains eleven articles focusing on the most recent topic of plant breeding.
    Keywords: target-site resistance ; ahas ; als ; Triazolopyrimidine herbicide ; Lolium rigidum ; winter cereals ; CO2 enrichment ; drought stress ; WUE ; climate change ; Helianthus ; sunflower ; morphological ; sustainable ; glyphosate ; pesticide ; residue ; pollution ; weed control ; organic plant production ; barley ; Pyrenophora teres f. teres ; net blotch disease ; biotic stress ; superoxide dismutase ; antioxidant enzyme ; cereals ; water shortage ; carbon dioxide ; root development ; Triticum aestivum L. ; wheat ; seed germination ; seedling development ; germination time ; low-temperature stress ; leaf discolouration ; seedling stage ; SSR markers ; near-isogenic line ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; pepper ; general defence response ; tissue retention ; hypersensitivity response ; resistance breeding ; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation ; functional genomics ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; Micro-Tom ; DsRed fluorescence ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; soil salinity stress ; adaptation ; environmental share ; interaction ; plant breeding ; sustainability ; pepper breeding ; bacterial spot resistance ; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The aim of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere and to mitigate its effects on climate change. Over the years, naturally occurring CO2 sources have been utilized in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in the United States. This has presented an opportunity to supplement and gradually replace the high demand for natural CO2 sources with anthropogenic sources. There also exist incentives for operators to become involved in the storage of anthropogenic CO2 within partially depleted reservoirs, in addition to the incremental production oil revenues. These incentives include a wider availability of anthropogenic sources, the reduction of emissions to meet regulatory requirements, tax incentives in some jurisdictions, and favorable public relations. The United States Department of Energy has sponsored several Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) through its Carbon Storage program which have conducted field demonstrations for both EOR and saline aquifer storage. Various research efforts have been made in the area of reservoir characterization, monitoring, verification and accounting, simulation, and risk assessment to ascertain long-term storage potential within the subject storage complex. This book is a collection of lessons learned through the RCSP program within the Southwest Region of the United States. The scope of the book includes site characterization, storage modeling, monitoring verification reporting (MRV), risk assessment and international case studies.
    Keywords: geologic CO2 sequestration ; CO2 and brine leakage ; underground source of drinking water ; risk assessment ; response surface methodology ; early detection criteria ; multi-objective optimization ; CO2-WAG ; machine learning ; numerical modeling ; hybrid workflows ; morrow ; Farnsworth ; Anadarko ; incised valley ; geological carbon sequestration ; reactive surface area ; mineral trapping ; enhanced oil recovery with CO2 (CO2-EOR) ; geochemical reactions ; workflow ; workshop ; process influence diagram ; response surface model ; polynomial chaos expansion ; NRAP ; relative permeability ; geologic carbon storage ; multi-phase flow simulation ; life cycle analysis ; CO2-enhanced oil recovery ; anthropogenic CO2 ; global warming potential ; greenhouse gas (GHG) ; carbon storage ; CO2-EOR ; CO2 sequestration ; geomechanics ; reservoir fluid flow modelling ; tightness of caprock ; CO2 leakage ; threshold pressure ; reactive solute transport ; multi-phase fluid flow ; Farnsworth Unit ; STOMP ; GEM ; TOUGHREACT ; 4D ; time lapse ; CO2 ; EOR ; WAG ; sequestration ; monitoring ; carbon sequestration ; caprock integrity ; noble gas migration ; seal by-pass ; carbon dioxide storage ; storage efficiency factor ; probabilistic ; expectation curve ; Monte Carlo ; Farnsworth Field ; petroleum system modeling ; CO2 migration ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the ever-expanding applications of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) as sensors and actuators, interest in their development has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Encompassing various excitation and readout schemes, the MEMS/NEMS devices transduce physical parameter changes, such as temperature, mass or stress, caused by changes in desired measurands, to electrical signals that can be further processed. Some common examples of NEMS/MEMS sensors include pressure sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, microphones, radiation sensors, and particulate matter sensors. Despite a long history of development, fabrication of novel MEMS/NEMS devices still poses unique challenges due to their requirement for a suspended geometry; and many new fabrication techniques have been proposed to overcome these challenges. However, further development of these techniques is still necessary, as newer materials such as compound semiconductors, and 2-dimensional materials are finding their way in various MEMS/NEMS applications, with more complex structures and potentially smaller dimensions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; vibrating ring gyroscope ; n/a ; tunnel magnetoresistive effect ; optical sensor ; micro-NIR spectrometer ; pulse inertia force ; gas sensor ; wet etching ; oil detection ; glass welding ; spring design ; power consumption ; MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) ; back cavity ; deflection position detector ; magnetic ; MEMS ; single-layer SiO2 ; frequency tuning ; threshold accuracy ; suspended micro hotplate ; AlGaN/GaN circular HFETs ; quadrature modulation signal ; inertial switch ; nanoparticle sensor ; low noise ; photonic crystal nanobeam cavity ; floating slug ; infrared image ; backstepping approach ; microdroplet ; acceleration switch ; microgyroscope ; temperature uniformity ; methane ; microfluidic ; accelerometer design ; photonic crystal cavity ; anisotropy ; resonant frequency ; dual-mass MEMS gyroscope ; analytical model ; single crystal silicon ; temperature sensor ; micro fluidic ; refractive index sensor ; microwave measurement ; low zero-g offset ; femtosecond laser ; micropellistor ; rapid fabrication ; accelerometer ; tracking performance ; GaN diaphragm ; microactuator ; resistance parameter ; optomechanical sensor ; scanning grating mirror ; GaAs MMIC ; adaptive control ; frequency split ; frequency mismatch ; electrostatic force feedback ; thermoelectric power sensor ; squeeze-film damping ; silicon ; wideband ; Accelerometer readout ; bonding strength ; high temperature pressure sensors ; 3D simulation ; level-set method ; tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Recent Advances in Water Management: Saving, Treatment and Reuse that was published in Water
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; Q1-390 ; anaerobic processes ; risk assessment ; B. adusta ; environmental education ; foreign countries ; ornamental plants ; filter media ; Pb(II) ; passive treatment systems ; lignin ; oxygen injection ; water treatment ; guidelines ; microbiological quality ; membrane technology ; contaminated sites ; pulp-and-paper-mill c ; milk production ; wastewater ; efficiency ; forest waste ; vertical flow ; emerging contaminant ; decomposition analysis ; active sites ; water ; sustainability ; water treatment technology ; adsorption thermodynamic ; surface water ; agricultural occupations ; zeolite ; conservation ; trickling filter ; hydrogen sulfide ; nitrification ; organic matter ; constructed wetlands ; sewerage ; water recycling ; treated wastewater reuse ; advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) ; odor control ; anammox bacteria ; wastewater treatment ; ferrous iron ; combined sewer ; surveys ; occurrence ; denitrification ; research and development strategy ; carbamazepine toxicity ; global patent data ; activated carbon adsorption ; China ; food industry ; COD ; palm mulch ; ferrous sulfide ; nano illite/smectite clay ; pharmaceuticals ; footprint ; conventional treatment processes ; anticorrosive agent ; pumping mains ; adsorption kinetics ; swine wastewater ; P. crysosporium ; micropollutant removal ; tezontle ; delignification ; partitioning ; white rot fungi ; river ; anaerobic digester ; benzotriazole ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This selection is focused on coatings and films with applications in optoelectronics, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and light-based sensors and phenomena. The studies investigate the optimal composition, crystalline structure, and morphology to deliver the different functionalities sought. Obtaining transparent p-type electrodes is challenging but extremely relevant in optoelectronics. Electric conduction mechanisms and the correlations with structure and doping are discussed. The important issue of the degradation pathways in perovskite-based solar cells and the possibilities offered by different types of coatings to encapsulate the devices as well as the beneficial effect of silica coating as an antireflection and antisoiling layer on well-established solar cells are discussed. New designs of nanoplasmonic films for chemical and biological molecule sensing are reviewed, such as the combination of metallic nanoparticles and nanostructured semiconductors and dispersing metallic or bi-metallic nanoparticles in CuO films. The impacts of structure, defects, and morphology on the photoactivated properties of WO3 films and on the shape memory behavior in Cu–Al–Ni thin films are discussed. Aggregated TiO2 nanoparticles on TiO2 layers are shown to enhance optical transmittance and confer a superhydrophilic characteristic. Finally, aspects of the fundamental characterization of thin films, Drude damping in thin films, and laser-induced deflection technique are discussed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; films ; coatings ; light-based sensors ; photocatalysis ; optoelectronics ; phenomena ; photovoltaics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: As the most heavily populated areas in the world, coastal zones host the majority and some of the most important human settlements, infrastructures and economic activities. Harbour and coastal structures are essential to the above, facilitating the transport of people and goods through ports, and protecting low-lying areas against flooding and erosion. While these structures were previously based on relatively rigid concepts about service life, at present, the design—or the upgrading—of these structures should effectively proof them against future pressures, enhancing their resilience and long-term sustainability. This Special Issue brings together a versatile collection of articles on the modelling of harbour and coastal structures, covering a wide array of topics on the design of such structures through a study of their interactions with waves and coastal morphology, as well as their role in coastal protection and harbour design in present and future climates.
    Keywords: beach morphology ; beach nourishment performance ; sustainable development ; General Shoreline beach model ; United Arab Emirates ; Saadiyat Island ; breakwater ; extreme learning machine ; stability assessment ; machine learning ; column-stabilized fish cage ; horizontal wave force ; least squares method ; hydrodynamic coefficient ; vertical breakwater ; reliability analysis ; overall stability ; sliding failure ; overturning failure ; bearing capacity analysis ; breakwater’s foundation failure ; rubble-mound ; zero-freeboard ; porous-media ; immersed-boundary ; level-set ; Smagorinsky subgrid scale model ; wave reflection ; wave transmission ; wave overtopping ; wave setup ; Nowshahr port ; field measurements ; numerical simulation ; wave ; current ; sediment transport ; rubble mound breakwaters ; historical review ; damage measurement ; damage characterization ; damage ; damage model ; damage progression ; input reduction ; wave schematization ; pick-up rate ; MIKE21 CM FM ; long-term morphological modelling ; numerical model ; OpenFOAM ; scour ; vertical breakwaters ; mortar-grouted riprap revetment ; full-scale hydraulic tests ; design of revetments ; Balearic Islands ; Boumerdès ; current speed ; harbor ; tsunami ; model uncertainty ; reliability ; pile settlement ; piles in granular soil ; base resistance ; skin friction ; t-z curves ; climate change ; coastal flooding ; coastal structures ; numerical modelling ; Boussinesq equations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue focuses mainly on techniques and the relative formalism typical of numerical methods and therefore of numerical analysis, more generally. These fields of study of mathematics represent an important field of investigation both in the field of applied mathematics and even more exquisitely in the pure research of the theory of approximation and the study of polynomial relations as well as in the analysis of the solutions of the differential equations both ordinary and partial derivatives. Therefore, a substantial part of research on the topic of numerical analysis cannot exclude the fundamental role played by approximation theory and some of the tools used to develop this research. In this Special Issue, we want to draw attention to the mathematical methods used in numerical analysis, such as special functions, orthogonal polynomials, and their theoretical tools, such as Lie algebra, to study the concepts and properties of some special and advanced methods, which are useful in the description of solutions of linear and nonlinear differential equations. A further field of investigation is dedicated to the theory and related properties of fractional calculus with its adequate application to numerical methods.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; complex Lagrangian ; effective order ; logarithmic singularities ; Swift–Hohenberg type of equation ; Cauchy singularity ; differential equations ; unitary extension principle ; oscillatory solutions ; coupling impedance ; Fredholm integral equations ; dual integral equations ; composition properties ; delay differential equations ; chemical reaction ; Noether symmetries ; symplectic Runge–Kutta methods ; order conditions ; non-homogeneous ; wavelets ; multiresolution analysis ; narrow band domain ; pseudo-Chebyshev polynomials ; highly oscillatory integrals ; tight framelets ; Chebyshev polynomials ; nonoscillatory solutions ; ignition hazard ; quad-colored trees ; general solution ; operator splitting method ; fourth-order ODEs ; offshore plant ; special function ; second-order ; surfaces ; numerical analysis ; effective field strength ; closest point method ; oblique extension principle ; heat generation ; B-splines ; Runge-Kutta type methods ; orthogonality properties ; Frobenius method ; hamiltonian systems ; B-series ; k-hypergeometric series ; particle accelerator ; first integrals ; partitioned runge-kutta methods ; Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature ; recurrence relations ; thin needle ; nanofluid ; Hamiltonian system ; k-hypergeometric differential equations ; steepest descent method ; symplecticity ; fourth-order ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book was established after the 6th International Workshop on Numerical and Evolutionary Optimization (NEO), representing a collection of papers on the intersection of the two research areas covered at this workshop: numerical optimization and evolutionary search techniques. While focusing on the design of fast and reliable methods lying across these two paradigms, the resulting techniques are strongly applicable to a broad class of real-world problems, such as pattern recognition, routing, energy, lines of production, prediction, and modeling, among others. This volume is intended to serve as a useful reference for mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists to explore current issues and solutions emerging from these mathematical and computational methods and their applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; model predictive control ; bulbous bow ; improvement differential evolution algorithm ; evolutionary multi-objective optimization ; location routing problem ; flexible job shop scheduling problem ; basic differential evolution algorithm ; metric measure spaces ; NEAT ; genetic algorithm ; multiobjective optimization ; improved differential evolution algorithm ; performance indicator ; rubber ; averaged Hausdorff distance ; mixture experiments ; U-shaped assembly line balancing ; Genetic Programming ; Local Search ; driving events ; surrogate-based optimization ; single component constraints ; crop planning ; Pareto front ; numerical simulations ; shape morphing ; genetic programming ; economic crops ; local search and jump search ; model order reduction ; optimal solutions ; EvoSpace ; risky driving ; intelligent transportation systems ; optimal control ; IV-optimality criterion ; Bloat ; decision space diversity ; modify differential evolution algorithm ; power means ; driving scoring functions ; open-source framework ; evolutionary computation ; differential evolution algorithm ; vehicle routing problem ; multi-objective optimization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Over the past few decades, water policies have undergone significant changes in many countries, notably due to the development of national and international political, social, and environmental issues, including globalization, trade liberalization, institutional and legal requirements, changing standards of living, management practices, and technological innovation. Policy changes include both “high level” views about water status and practical instruments, in particular with an emphasis on integrated basin management and economic policy instruments. A relevant part of the water policy literature addresses this topic, mainly as an issue related to environmental conservation. However, water remains a major productive factor, particularly in agriculture. This role is made even more prominent in light of economic crises, increased competition across markets and climate change, as well as fossil energy limitations, which also highlight the water–energy nexus as a key resource issue for future economic viability. The delay, in the past, in recognizing the economic consequences of a limited water supply, and in decoupling economic development from water demand and supply, has resulted in a water-dependent growth model, currently threatened by increasing scarcity and droughts. Consequently, there is now an urgent need for new perspectives for promoting a more sustainable and efficient use of water resources. This calls for, on the one hand, a comprehensive understanding of water efficiency and productivity and, on the other hand, an investigation of the linkages among economic sectors to illustrate trade-offs in water reallocations. In addition, this also points to the need to study the institutional innovations and economic evaluation instruments that are able to better assess policy performance and provide evidence for improved mechanism designs aimed specifically at water efficiency and productivity.
    Keywords: water markets ; evaluation instruments ; water policy design ; economic efficiency and productivity ; climate change
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Processes” is a commonly used term to describe engineered systems such as oil refineries, polymer production plants, and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes that serve a commercial and societal purpose. However, the term can also capture the underlying processes that drive the behavior of complex natural systems such as communities of different organisms in the environment and networked collections of neurons in the human brain. This book provides a representative overview of current challenges and recent advances in the broadly-defined “processes” field. Contributions from leading researchers in the field are conveniently ordered according to five applications domains: chemical systems, biological systems, materials processes, computational methods, and other related topics. The 19 contributions demonstrate the broad range of application domains within the process field, including fluid flow systems, fuel gases, chemical production, polymer manufacturing, food processing, protein synthesis and separation, pharmaceutical production, and water systems. This collection shows that “processes” remain a vibrant area of research, and continued advances in the field can be expected to have a positive impact on our economy, environment, and quality of life.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP155-156 ; materials manufacturing ; mathematical modeling ; chemical processes ; bioengineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific articles concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relationship between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and various methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. This Special Issue contributes to a better understanding of the causes of water quality deterioration, the mechanisms responsible for the functioning of ecosystems, including the decrease of biodiversity and the possibilities of improving their condition. Thus, it can be helpful for regaining the good ecological status of water bodies required by the Water Framework Directive.
    Keywords: biomanipulation ; chlorophyll-a ; hypolimnion aeration ; nutrients ; phosphorus inactivation ; invertebrates ; hydrological regime ; diversity ; water bodies ; water quality ; strontium isotopes ; springs ; meromictic lake ; eutrophication ; catchment ; nutrient load ; agriculture ; European Water Framework Directive ; shallow lake ; stratified lake ; functional groups of phytoplankton ; innovative method of restoration ; oxygenation near the bottom sediments ; phytoplankton biomass ; restoration treatment ; small lake ; sustainable restoration ; rotifers ; microcrustaceans ; aquatic vegetation ; small water bodies ; human-induced impact ; ecological assessment ; macroinvertebrates ; zooplankton ; anthropogenic impact ; stream ecology ; riverbed regulation ; soft water lake ; Lobelia dortmanna ; Littorella uniflora ; Isoëtes lacustris ; human impact ; cyanobacteria ; Daphnia ; harmful algal bloom mitigation ; phytoplankton ; reactive oxygen specie ; water level fluctuation ; multi-proxy approach ; Cladocera ; Chironomidae ; diatoms ; Northern Europe ; West Africa ; climate change ; rainfall variability ; riverbanks ; floodplain lakes ; Carabidae ; stenotopic species ; assemblage ; overgrown ; surface microlayer ; phytoneuston ; metals ; urban water body ; ciliate assemblages ; oxygen concentration ; ecological optimum ; lake ; freshwater habitats ; biodiversity ; aquatic plants ; plankton assemblages ; water cycle ; freshwater ecosystems restoration ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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