ALBERT

Note: J. B. Dawson, D. A. Carswell, J. Hall, and K.H. Wedepohl: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.01 --- R. Meissner: Twenty years of deep seismic reflection profiling in Germany—a contribution to our knowledge of the nature of the lower Variscan crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.02 --- D. H. Matthews: Seismic reflections from the lower crust around Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.03 --- S. B. Smithson: A physical model of the lower crust from North America based on seismic reflection data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:23-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.04 --- V. Haak and R. Hutton: Electrical resistivity in continental lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:35-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.05 --- J. Hall: The physical properties of layered rocks in deep continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.06 --- D. S. Chapman: Thermal gradients in the continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:63-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.07 --- J. F. Dewey: Diversity in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:71-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.08 --- N. J. Kusznir and R. G. Park: Continental lithosphere strength: the critical role of lower crustal deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:79-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.09 --- K. Weber: Metamorphism and crustal rheology—implications for the structural development of the continental crust during prograde metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:95-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.10 --- S. A. F. Murrell: The role of deformation, heat, and thermal processes in the formation of the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.11 --- K. Fuchs: Intraplate seismicity induced by stress concentration at crustal heterogeneities—the Hohenzollern Graben, a case history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.12 --- K. Lambeck: Crustal structure and evolution of the central Australian basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.13 --- R. W. Kay and S. M. Kay: Petrology and geochemistry of the lower continental crust: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:147-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.14 --- J. Touret: Fluid inclusions in rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.15 --- S. R. Taylor and S.M. McLennan: The chemical composition of the Archaean crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:173-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.16 --- R. L. Rudnick and S. R. Taylor: Geochemical constraints on the origin of Archaean tonalitic-trondhjemitic rocks and implications for lower crustal composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:179-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.17 --- D. A. Carswell and S.J. Cuthbert: Eclogite facies metamorphism in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:193-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.18 --- S. Moorbath and P.N. Taylor: Geochronology and related isotope geochemistry of high-grade metamorphic rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:211-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.19 --- B. F. Windley and J. Tarney: The structural evolution of the lower crust of orogenic belts, present and past / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:221-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.20 --- C. Pin and J. D. Sills: Petrogenesis of layered gabbros and ultramafic rocks from Val Sesia, the Ivrea Zone, NW Italy: trace element and isotope geochemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:231-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.21 --- S. Robertson: Evolution of the late Archaean lower continental crust in southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:251-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.22 --- L. Schiøtte, D. Bridgwater, K.D. Collerson, A.P. Nutman, and A.B. Ryan: Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.23 --- D. M. Shaw, J. J. Cramer, M. D. Higgins, and M. G. Truscott: Composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield and the continental crust of the earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:275-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.24 --- M. Raith and P. Raase: High grade metamorphism in the granulite belt of Finnish Lapland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.25 --- R. C. Newton and E.C. Hansen: The South India-Sri Lanka high-grade terrain as a possible deep-crust section / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:297-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.26 --- H.-G. Stosch, G. W. Lugmair, and H.A. Seck: Geochemistry of granulite-facies lower crustal xenoliths: implications for the geological history of the lower continental crust below the Eifel, West Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:309-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.27 --- H. Downes and A. Leyreloup: Granulitic xenoliths from the French Massif Central—petrology, Sr and Nd isotope systematics and model age estimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:319-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.28 --- J. R. Broadhurst: Mineral reactions in xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau; implications for lower crustal conditions and fluid composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:331-349, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.29 --- P. W. C. van Calsteren, N. B. W. Harris, C. J. Hawkesworth, M. A. Menzies, and N. W. Rogers: Xenoliths from southern Africa: a perspective on the lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:351-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.30 --- W. L. Griffin and S. Y. O’Reilly: The lower crust in eastern Australia: xenolith evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:363-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.31

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Experimental design Similitude considerations The model Model operation Results Velocity Fence height Porosity Model correlation Summary and conclusions Recommeqdations for future work Literature cited Appendix A

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction 1. The problem 2. Abstract of the result Part I. Fundamental solutions 3. Fuchsian type solutions 4. Contour integral solution 5. Integration of the integral solution 6. Fundamental solutions for α = 1 7. Fundamental solutions for α = 0 8. Eigenvalues for α = 0 9. Fundamental solutions for α 〉 1 Part II. Asymptotic expansions 10. Asymptotic expansion for 0 〈 α ⩽1 11. Asymptotic expansion for 1 ≦ α ≦ 2 12. Asymptotic expansion for 2 ≦ α ≦ ∞ Part III. Eigenvalues 13. Range of eigenvalues 14. Eigenvalues for the free-edge condition 15. Eigenvalues for the clamped-edge and simple-edge conditions 16. Deflection Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix A. Analytical continuation at the singular point Appendix B. Tensorial transformations Appendix C. Comparison of the semi-infinite plate buckling with the asymptotic buckling

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Ice fog from cooling ponds Evaporation Relative humidity and cold air Ice fog suppression Air movement Plastic films Rafts Injection wells Cooling towers Chemical films Reinforced film experiments Meteorological data collection Floating reinforcement grid Application of the hexadecanol film Hexadecanol, octadecanol mixes Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether Laboratory tests of suppression effectiveness Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Design for an automatic thin chemical film applicationsystem Appendix B. Meteorological data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The problem The solution Method of numerical integration Ramp/steady loading Curve fitting to time lapse deflections Asymptotic deflection Deflection profiles Acknowledgement Literature cited Appendix I. Analytical background Appendix II. Computer programs, ramp time profiles and steady time profiles

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Derivation of the power reflection coefficient-depth variation Possible sources of dielectric constant variation with depth in ice sheets Ice density variations Effect of macroscopic impurity layers Effect of microscopic impurtty layers Changes in inclusion geometry Effect of crystal orientation changes Physical properties of the Cape Folger core Density-depth profile Air bubble-geometry depth profile Crystal orientation-depth profile Radio-echo sounding data Results and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sources and properties of tabular icebergs Sources Characteristics of ice shelves near the ice front Characteristics of tabular icebergs Towing Geophysical and engineering considerations Tug characteristics Handling and processing Cutting and boring with thermal devices Penetration with electrothermal devices Electrothermal cutting Making vertical cuts by pre-split blasting Primary fragmentation by blasting Primary fragmentation by mechanical sawing Comminuting ice with machines Slurry pipelines Conclusion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test procedure Test program Test samples Number of test for determining strength index Effect of temperature Effect of sample length Effect of load point size Tests on snow Discussion Recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Summary Introduction Problem General review of the subject Experimental apparatus General considerations Water reservoir Test chamber assembly Pumping system Electrical control system Experimental procedure Experimental results Discussion and comparison of results Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1975.

Note: Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Diss., 1978

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Verzeichnis der Symbole. - A. Der synoptische Wetterzustand und seine Analyse. - 1. Die Wetterkarte. - 2. Analyse des Druck- und Stromfeldes. - 3. Analyse des Druckänderungsfeldes. - 4. Analyse des Temperatur- und Feuchtefeldes. - 5. Luftmassen- und Frontenanalyse. - 6. Analyse abgeleiteter Feldgrößen (Divergenz und Vorticity) und der Vertikalbewegung. - 7. Bestimmung des zonalen Index und Konstruktion zonaler Windprofile. - 8. Satellitenmeteorologie als Hilfsmittel für die Analyse. - 9. Objektive mathematisch-numerische Analyse von Feldverteilungen. - B. Synoptische Methoden der Vorhersage. - 1. Einleitung. - 2. Kinematische Extrapolationen. - 3. Dynamische Methoden zur Vorhersage des Höhendruckfeldes. - 4. Kopplung des Boden- und Höhendruckfeldes (Steuerung der Bodendruckwellen durch die Höhenströmung). - 5. Entstehung und Entwicklung von Tiefdruckgebieten. - 6. Einfluß des Höhendruckfeldes auf die Entwicklung von Depressionen. - 7. Statische und quasistatische Prognosen. - 8. Voraussage von Bewölkung und Niederschlag. - C. Theorie der mathematischen Wettervorhersage. - 1. Problemstellung. - 2. Grundgleichungen der atmosphärischen Dynamik. - 3. Allgemeine Sätze der Wirbeldynamik. - 4. Wahl spezieller Koordinatensysteme. - 5. Berücksichtigung der Kartenprojektion. - 6. Numerische Integration der Prognosengleichungen und das Problem der Filterung. - 7. Das adiabatische Modell einer reibungsfreien trockenen Atmosphäre. - 8. Das barotrope Modell. - 9. Einfache barokline Modelle. - 10. Die Zyklogenese. - 11. Beispiel einer numerischen Vorausberechnung der Isohypsen der 500mb-Topographie mit barotropen und baroklinen Modellen. - 12. Die Ausbreitung von Luftverunreinigungen in der Atmosphäre. - Anhang. - I. Erläuterungen des Wetterschlüssels und des Eintragungsschemas. - Il. Das Stüve-Diagramm. - III. Helmholtz: Satz von der Wirbelerhaltung in einer idealen Flüssigkeit. - IV. Ertels Wirbelsatz einer reibungsfreien kompressiblen Flüssigkeit auf der rotierenden Erde. - Wichtige Konstanten und Umrechnungsfaktoren. - Literatur. - Sachverzeichnis.

Note: Contents: Introduction. - Material and methods. - Characterization of subjects and environmental conditions. - Experimental procedure. - Evaluation of experiments. - Results. - Investigation of protein metabolism. - Investigation of energy metabolism. - Discussion. - Acknowledgements. - References.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einleitung und Aufgabenstellung. - 2. Allgemeiner Teil. - 2.1. Theorie. - 2.1.1. Theorie und Berechnungen von Isotopieeffekten in geologischen Systemen. - 2.1.2. Theoretische Untersuchungen zur Kinetik von Isotopenaustauschprozessen zwischen Mineralen und Wasser. - 2.2. Grundlagen der Bewertung saurer Magmatite. - 2.2.1. Zur Ableitung und Anwendung bereits erarbeiteter Bewertungskriterien. - 2.2.2. Zur Verteilung chemischer Elemente zwischen fester und flüssiger Phase bei der fraktionierten Kristallisation. - 2.2.3. Intermediäre Magmen an Subduktionszonen und mögliche Beziehungen zu Granitoiden - ein geochemischer Vergleich. - 2.3. Zu genetischen Bewertung der hydrothermalen Fluoritmineralisation im Vogtland und Erzgebirge. - 3. Element-, isotopengeochemische und radiogeochronologische Untersuchungen am Granitoiden der Mitteldeutschen Schwelle (MDS) (spezieller Teil). - 3.1. Geologische Situation in den Untersuchungsgebieten. - 3.1.1. Die regionalgeologische Einheit "Mitteldeutsche Schwelle". - 3.1.2. Zur Geologie der Granitoide Thüringens. - 3.1.3. Zur Geologie des Lausitzer Granodioritmassivs und einiger Granitoide des Nordwestsächsischen Schiefergebirges. - 3.2. Elementgeochemische Untersuchungen. - 3.2.1. Probenahme, -aufbereitung und Analytik. - 3.2.2. Geochemie der Thüringer Granitoide. - 3.2.2.1. Statistische Auswertung der Analysedaten. - 3.2.2.2. Hauptelemente. - 3.2.2.3. Spurenelemente und Beziehungen zwischen Haupt- und Spurenelementen. - 3.2.3. Zur Geochemie der Granodiorite, Grauwacken und Metagrauwacken der Lausitz und NW-Sachens. - 3.3. Rb/Sr-Altersbestimmung an Gesamtgesteinsproben des Granits vom Burgberg (Thüringer Wald). - 3.4. Aussagen der δ13 N-Werte und Stickstoffgehalte in Granitoiden. - 3.5. 13C- und 18O-Untersuchungen an der Eisenerzlagerstätte Crux bei Schmiedefeld. - 3.6. Isotopen- und elementgeochemische Untersuchungen an tonigen Sedimenten aus der SE-Flanke des Schwarzburger Antiklinoriums (Mitteldeutsche Kristallinschwelle). - 3.7. Gesamtinterpretation der Untersuchungsergebnisse an den Thüringer Granitoiden und Schlußfolgerungen für weitere Untersuchungen.

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: Symposium on Antarctic Research : Potsdam, G.D.R. September 11-14, 1989 ; Second Circular , Beilage unter dem Titel: Morphometrical and ecological differences between South Polar and Brown Skuas of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands / H.-U. Peter, M. Kaiser, A. Gebauer (Abstract)

Note: Contents: Foreword. - Organisation of the expedition. - Project personnel. - Implementation of the expedition. - 1. Administrative prerequisites. - 2. Operational plans. - 2.1 Access to study area and routes. - 2.2 Logistics and equipment. - Purpose of the expedition. - Study area. - Short outline of the surveys. - 1. Recording of the abiotic conditions. - 2. The cartography of vegetation. - 3. The population surveys. - Preliminary results. - Short outline of the results of the lemming winter nest surveys. - Miscellanea. - Discussion. - Conclusion. - Acknowledgements.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS: Abstract. - Acknowledgments. - List of Figures. - List of Plates. - List of Tables. - Value of Microparticle Studies. - Reasons for Variations in Particle Concentration. - Laboratory Techniques. - Particle Concentration and Size Distribution. - Sample Preparation. - Contamination. - Particle Counters. - Laboratory Procedures. - Particle Composition. - Sample Preparation. - Types of Particles and Their Seasonal Variation. - Particle Types. - Variations of Particle Concentrations. - Antarctic Peninsula. - Marie Byrd Land. - Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. - Annual Layers in Deep Ice Cores. - Chronologies for the Byrd and Camp Century Deep Ice Cores. - The Byrd Station Deep Ice Core. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - The Camp Century Deep Ice Core. - Vertical Strain Rates. - Age Calculation. - Discussion. - Morphology and Elemental Composition of Microparticles. - Data Analysis. - Results. - Discussion. - The Relationships Among Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Microparticle Variations Over Millennial Time Invervals. - Dust, Oxygen Isotopes and Climate. - Discussion. - Is There A Relationship Between Volcanic Activity and Climatic Change?. - General. - Theory. - Supportive Evidence. - Cycles. - Discussion. - Suggestions for Future Work. - Conclusions. - References. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Appendix D.

Note: Abstract Preface Introduction Tests Test specimens Test methods Results Impact strength of beanms Ductility of beams Effect of notched bars Elastic deflection of beams Impact tests on rebars Conclusions and summary Literature cited Appendix A: Beam crack patterns Appendix B: Photomicrographs of failure surfaces of some steels

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Non-melting heat transfer relations for horizontal surfaces Heat transfer for melting horizontal ice sheets Instrument setup, data acquisition and test procedures General Instrumentation Data acquisition Computer software Test procedures Data output from computer Equations used for data analysis Control volume and melting surface Control of variables Error analysis Experimental results and discussion Wave formation Temperature and velocity profiles in open channel flow Correlation of data Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Conversion equations for data acquisition equipment Appendix B: Computer code for data acquisition and analysis Appendix C: Typical test output Appendix D: Thermal properties of water and ice Appendix E: Error analysis Appendix F: Summary of test conditions Appendix G: Experimental data and calculated quantities, with inlet length

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Background Present research in perspective Explanations of the grain-size dependency Grain size effects on the ductile to brittle transition Nucleation mechanisms and modeling Characteristic size of nucleated crack Cracking in ice Detection of internal fracturing by acoustic emission techniques Test methods Specimen preparation Creep testing apparatus Crack length and crack density measurements Crack healing measurements Thin section photographs Grain size determination Acquisition of acoustic emission data Presentation of results Specimen characteristics Microcrack measurements Creep behavior Crack healing Slip plane length distribution Acoustic emission observations Grain orientation Analysis and discussion Thick section observations The grain size vs crack size relationship Crack nucleation condition Crack density and specimen strain Creep behavior Normalized crack length Location of cracks Acoustic emission activity Summary and conclusions Suggestions for future work Literature cited Appendix A: Crack length histograms Appendix B: Crystal orientations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Aerodynamically rough surface Aerodynamically smooth surface Scalar transfer coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Sites and site preparation Results and discussion Lake Morey Post Pond Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Study objectives and field locale Study site Equipment Vehicles Drilling equipment Sampling equipment Geophysical equipment Shelter and icing control Surveying equipment Miscellaneous equipment Field techniques and methodology Logistics Drilling procedures Data collection Geophysical analyses Experiences summary Morphology, transport and hydraulic data Mid-winter physical characteristics Hydraulic characteristics Sediment transport Late winter physical characteristics Seasonal morphology Geophysical data interpretation Spatial morphology Frazil ice characteristics Discussion and conclusions Recommendations Equipment Research Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Description of the model Ice thickness equations Heat budget and oceanic boundary layer Analytic examination of the ridge redistribution process Theoretical framework Some specific redistributors Comparison to ridge morphological data Ice strength for different redistributors Numerical simulation results Basin-wide ice thickness and velocity characteristics Ice edge evolution and sensitivity Ice thickness characteristics off the Canadian Archipelago Comparison of observed and simulated ice drift Mass balance characteristics Concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Mechanical redistributor Appendix B: Heat budget code Appendix C: Thickness finite difference code

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction. - 2. Design of the existing base. - 3. Why a new concept. - 4. Considerations for a new base. - 5. Building alternatives for a floating ice shelf. - 6. Design criteria. - 7. Concept adopted. - 8. Technical data. - 9. Services. - 9.1. Electrical. - 9.2. Mechanical. - 9.3. Fire Protection. - 9.4. Toilets. - 10. Stores. - 11. External buildings. - 12. Conclusion.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Universität, Zulassungsarbeit , Gliederung: Verzeichnis der Tabellen im Text. - Verzeichnis der Abbildungen im Text. - I. Problemstellung und Zielsetzung der Arbeit. - II. Ableitung eines problemadäquaten Untersuchungsansatzes zur Ermittlung regionalwirtschaftlicher Wirkungen von Infrastrukturmassnahmen. - 1. Voraussetzungen einer Wirkungsanalyse. - 1.1. Zur Raumwirksamkeit öffentlicher Ausgaben. - 1.2. Ableitung eines regionalen Zielsystems. - 1.3. Abgrenzung der Untersuchungsregion. - 2. Wirkungen öffentlicher Infrastrukturausgaben. - 2.1. Wirkungen der Leistungserstellung. - 2.2. Wirkungen der Leistungsabgabe. - 2.3. Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen Infrastrukturausgaben und dem regionalen Zielsystem. - 3. Die Inzidenzanalyse als Methode zur Ermittlung regionalwirtschaftlicher Effekte von Infrastrukturmaßnahmen. - 3.1. Die formale Inzidenz als Grundlage der Wirkungsanalyse. - 3.2. Die Ermittlung der effektiven Inzidenz. - 3.3. Zur Intensität nachfragebedingter Einkommens- und Beschäftigungseffekte. - 3.4. Ansätze zur modellhaften Berechnung nachfragebedingter Effekte. - 3.4.1. Die Multiplikatoranalyse. - 3.4.2. Die Input-Output-Analyse. - 3.4.3. Die branchenspezifische Arbeitsplatzkoeffizientenrechnung. - 3.4.4. Konsequenzen für die Untersuchung. - III. Inzidenzanalyse am Beispiel des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts - eine empirische Untersuchung zu den regionalwirtschaftlichen Wirkungen der institutsbedingten Ausgaben. - 1. Das Alfred-Wegener-Institut als ökonomischer Faktor. - 2. Konkretisierung des Untersuchungsansatzes. - 3. Die formale Inzidenz der institutsbedingten Ausgaben. - 3.1. Die Ausgabenstruktur des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts. - 3.2. Die formale Inzidenz der Sachausgaben. - 3.2.1. Untersuchungsschritte. - 3.2.2. Formale Inzidenz der laufenden Sachausgaben. - 3.2.2.1. Regionale Verteilung der laufenden Sachausgaben. - 3.2.2.2. Sektorale Verteilung der laufenden Sachausgaben. - 3.2.2.3. Integrierte Betrachtung der regionalen und sektoralen Verteilung der laufenden Sachausgaben. - 3.2.3. Formale Inzidenz der Ausgaben für den Bereederungsvertrag. - 3.2.4. Formale Inzidenz der Bauinvestionen. - 3.3. Formale Inzidenz der Personalausgaben. - 3.4. Zusammenfassung der formalen Inzidenz der institutsbedingten Ausgaben. - 4. Effektive Inzidenz der institutsbedingten Ausgaben. - 4.1. Primärwirkungen. - 4.1.1. Primäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der Sachausgaben. - 4.1.1.1. Primäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der laufenden Sachausgaben. - 4.1.1.2. Primäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der Ausgaben für den Bereederungsvertrag. - 4.1.1.3. Primäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der Bauinvestitionen. - 4.1.2. Primäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der Personalausgaben. - 4.1.3. Zusammenfassung der primären Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen. - 4.2. Sekundärwirkungen. - 4.2.1. Arbeitsschritte. - 4.2.2. Sekundäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der laufenden Sachausgaben, Ausgaben für den Bereederungsvertrag und der Personalausgaben. - 4.2.3. Sekundäre Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen der Bauinvestitionen. - 4.2.4. Zusammenfassung der sekundären Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenswirkungen. - 4.3. Tertiärwirkungen. - 4.4. Zusammenfassung der Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärwirkungen. - 4.5. Bewertung der quantifizierten Wirkungen in Abhängigkeit zur angewandten Methode. - IV. Schlußbetrachtung. - Anhang. - Verzeichnis der benutzten und zitierten Literatur.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited