ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: GENERAL --- Faunal turnover and depth stratification: their relationships to climate and productivity events in the Eocene to Miocene pelagic realm / Keller, Gerta and Macleod, Norman / pp. 1-14 --- Pacific carbonate cycles revisited: arguments for and against productivity control / Berger, W. H. / pp. 15-25 --- FORAMINIFERA --- The paleogeography, evolution and extinction of Late Miocene-Pleistocene planktonic foraminifera from the Southwest Pacific / Jenkins, D. Graham / pp. 27-35 --- Canderotalia, a new Middle Miocene planktonic foraminiferal genus of the family Candeinidae / Saito, Tsunemasa / pp. 37-41 --- Paleogeography and paleoceanography during the middle Miocene in the Fossa-Magna and Kanto regions, Central Japan / Oda, Motoyoshi and Akimoto, Kazumi / pp. 43-50 --- Faunal succession of benthic foraminifera in the upper Yatsuo Group of the Hokuriku district, central Japan—a temporal faunal trend during an Early-Middle Miocene transgression in Japan / Hasegawa, Shiro and Takahashi, Toshihiro / pp. 51-66 --- Some features of the Pleistocene paleo-circulation in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (by Foraminifera) / Belyaeva, N. V. and Burmistrova, I. I. / pp. 67-70 --- Distribution of foraminifera in estuarine deposits: a comparison between Asia, Europe and Australia / Wang, Pinxian / pp. 71-83 --- Benthic foraminiferal species diversity pattern in a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene sequence of Neill Island, Andaman Sea / Sharma, V. and Kumar, R. / pp. 85-89 --- Planktonic foraminifera from the Navidad Formation, Chile: their geologic age and palcoceanographic implications / Ibaraki, Masako / pp. 91-95 --- Foraminiferal evidence for the sources and timing of mass-flow deposits south of Baltimore Canyon / Thompson, Peter R. / pp. 97-128 --- Paleogene zonal scales based on planktonic foraminifers and their significance for elaboration of the Paleogene stratigraphic schemes of the Pacific high latitudes / Krasheninnikov, V. A., Sernova, M. Ya. and Basov, I. A. / pp. 129-141 --- Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene rocks in southern Kyushu, Japan / Nishi, Hiroshi / pp. 143-174 --- Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biochronology of the DSDP sites along the Ninetyeast Ridge, northern Indian Ocean / Srinivasan, M. S. and Chaturvedi, S. N. / pp. 175-188 --- Notes on marine Quaternary sediments newly found in the west coastal area of the Satsuma Peninsula, Kyushu, Japan, with special reference to the benthic foraminiferal assemblages / Oki, Kimihiko and Yamamoto, Hideshi / pp. 189-205 --- Depth distribution of Recent benthic foraminifera on the continental shelf and uppermost slope off southern Akita Prefecture, Northeast Japan (The Eastern Japan Sea) / Matoba, Yasumochi and Fukasawa, Kazue / pp. 207-226 --- Benthic foraminifera from brackish lake Nakanoumi, San-in district, southwestern Honshu, Japan / Nomura, Ritsuo and Seto, Koji / pp. 227-240 --- A distinctive new species of Notorotalia (Foraminiferida) from the basal Miocene of New Zealand / Hornibrook, N. de B. / pp. 241-243 --- Rotaliid foraminifera from the Rembang zone area, north central Java, Indonesia / Kadar, Darwin / pp. 245-256 --- Some Miocene Nephrolepidina (Family Lepidocyclinidae) from the Shimoshiroiwa Formation, Izu Peninsula, Japan / Matsumaru, Kuniteru / pp. 257-265 --- Notes on the specific determination of the genus Tetrataxis / Okimura, Yuji / pp. 267-272 --- Foraminifers from the "Torinosu Limestone" embedded in the Ishido Formation of the Sanchu Cretaceous System, Kanto Mountains, Central Japan / Sashida, Katsuo, Igo, Hisayoshi, Adachi, Shuko and Ito Sayuri / pp. 273-280 --- Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanographic events in the Pacific Ocean with emphasis on indurated sediment / Sliter, William V. / pp. 281-299 --- Upper Cretaceous foraminifera in Santonian to Maestrichtian depositional sequences in New Jersey coastal plain / Olsson, R. K. and Usmani, P. A. / pp. 301-315 --- Campanian planktonic foraminifers and ostracodes from Hobetsu, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Part 1. Planktonic foraminifers / Kaiho, Kunio / pp. 317-325 --- OSTRACODES --- Campanian planktonic foraminifers and ostracodes from Hobetsu, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Part 2. Ostracodes / Ishizaki, Kunihiro / pp. 327-333 --- Some aquatic and terrestrial animals from brackish deposits of Okinawa-jima, southern Japan / Nohara, Tomohide and Ohshiro, Itsuro / pp. 335-337 --- Modem ostracode fauna from Otsuchi Bay, the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan / Ikeya, Noriyuki, Zhou, Bao-chun and Sakamoto, Jun-ichi / pp. 339-354 --- CONODONTS --- Morphological variation in Spathian conodont Spathoicriodus collinsoni (Solien) from the Taho Limestone, Japan / Koike, Toshio / pp. 355-364 --- RADIOLARIANS --- Radiolarian age of the Lower Yezo Group and the upper part of the Sorachi Group in Hokkaido / Taketani, Yojiro and Kanie, Yasumitsu / pp. 365-373 --- Late Jurassic Radiolaria from the Kowhai Point Siltstone, Murihiku Terrane, North Island, New Zealand / Aita, Yoshiaki and Grant-Mackie, J. A. / pp. 375-382 --- Radiolarian faunas discovered from the Permian Yoshii Group in Okayama Prefecture, western Japan / Sada, Kimiyoshi, Takata, Yoshio and Oho Yukimasa / pp. 383-387 --- Middle Paleozoic radiolarians of the genus Ceratoikiscum from Japan / Ishiga, Hiroaki / pp. 389-397 --- DIATOMS --- Distribution of diatom species in the surface sediments of Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica / Tanimura, Yoshihiro / pp. 399-411 --- Neogene diatom datum levels in the equatorial and north Pacific / Barron, John A. / pp. 413-425 --- Diatom biometry of the Miocene index Denticulopsis hyalina / Maruyama, Toshiaki / pp. 427-437 --- OTHER SILICEOUS FOSSILS --- Geological significance of siliceous microfossils from Dogo, Oki Islands / Ling, Hsin Yi and Kobayashi, Hiroaki / pp. 439-447 --- Peridiniacean cyst genus Xandarodinicum in the late Early Miocene Kaminoyama Formation in the western part of Zao Volcano, Yamagata, North Japan / Matsuoka, Kazumi / pp. 449-455 --- CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS --- A stratigraphically significant new species, Reticulofenestra asanoi (Calcareous nannofossil) / Sato, Tokiyuki and Takayama, Toshiaki / pp. 457-460 --- Paleogene calcareous nannofossils from Hokkaido, Japan / Okada, Hisatake and Kaiho Kunio / pp. 461-471 --- POLLEN --- The palyno-flora of early Middle Miocene sediments in the Pohang and Yangnam basins, Korea / Yamanoi, Tohru / pp. 473-480

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: An integrated framework of disaster risk management --- An Integrated Risk Analysis Framework for Emerging Disaster Risks: Toward a better risk management of flood disaster in urban communities / S. Ikeda / pp. 1-21 --- Fundamental Characteristics of Flood Risk in Japan's Urban Areas / T. Sato / pp. 23-40 --- Integration Framework of Flood Risk Management: What should be integrated? / K. Seo / pp. 41-56 --- Public Preference and Willingness to Pay for Flood Risk Reduction / G. Zhai / pp. 57-87 --- New Mode of Risk Governance Enhanced by an e-community Platform / T. Nagasaka / pp. 89-107 --- Part II: Interdisciplinary studies of flood risk --- Uncertainty in Flood Risks and Public Understanding of Probable Rainfall / S. Shimokawa and Y. Takeuchi / pp. 109-119 --- Public Perception of Flood Risk and Community-based Disaster Preparedness / T. Motoyoshi / pp. 121-134 --- Residents' Perception about Disaster Prevention and Action for Risk Mitigation: The case of the Tokai flood in 2000 / K. Takao / pp. 135-151 --- Roles of Volunteers in Disaster Prevention: Implications of questionnaire and interview surveys / I. Suzuki / pp. 153-163 --- Issues and Attitudes of Local Government Officials for Flood Risk Management / K. Terumoto / pp. 165-176 --- The Niigata Flood in 2004 as a Flood Risk of "Low Probability but High Consequence" / T. Sato, T. Fukuzono, and S. Ikeda / pp. 177-192 --- Insurance Issues of Catastrophic Disasters in Japan: Lessons from the 2005 Hurricane Katrina Disaster / H. Tsubokawa / pp. 193-198 --- Part III: Pilot studies of implementing social platform of risk management in local community: Participatory flood risk communication support system (Pafrics) --- Participatory Flood Risk Communication Support System (Pafrics) / T. Fukuzono, T. Sato, Y. Takeuchi, K. Takao, S. Shimokawa, I. Suzuki, G. Zhai, K. Terumoto, T. Nagasaga, K. Seo, and S. Ikeda / pp. 199-211 --- Flood Risk Communication with Pafrics / Y. Takeuchi and I. Suzuki / pp. 213-224

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter I. Air-Sea Exchange Processes and Flux --- Chemical composition of marine aerosols over the Central North Pacific—Results ftom the 1991 cruise of Hakurei Maru No. 2 / Uematsu, M., Kawamupa, K., Ibusuki, T. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 3-14 --- Estimation of mineral aerosol fluxes to the Pacific by using environmental plutonium as a tracer / Nakanishi, T., Shiba, Y., Muramatsu, M. and Haque, M. A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 15-30 --- Land-derived lipid class compounds in the deep-sea sediments and marine aerosols from the North Pacific / Kawamura, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 31-51 --- Iron and manganese in the atmosphere and oceanic waters / Nakayama, E., Obata, H., Okamura, K., Isshiki, K., Karatani, H. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 53-68 --- Laboratory estimation of CO2 transfer velocity across the air-sea interface / Komom, S., Shimada, T. and Murakami, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 69-81 --- Dissolution of calcareous tests in the ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide / Nozaki, Y. and Oba, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 83-92 --- Calcium carbonate production and carbon dioxide flux on a coral reef, Okinawa / Ohde, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 93-98 --- Chapter II. Geochemical Processes in Seawater --- Generations of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen peroxide in the Seto Inland Sea—Photochemical reactions progressing in the coastal seawater / Fujiwara, K., Takeda, K. and Kumamoto, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 101-127 --- Speciation of organoarsenical compounds in the hydrosphere / Sohrin, Y., Hasegawa, H. and Matsui, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 129-138 --- Chemical speciation of selenium in natural waters / Nakaguchi, Y., Koike, Y. and Hiraki, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 139-158 --- The concentration distribution and chemical form of arsenic compounds in seawater / Tanaka, S. and Santosa, S. J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 159-170 --- The rare earth elements and yttrium in the coastal/offshore mixing zone of Tokyo Bay waters and the Kuroshio / Nozaki, Y. and Zhang, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 171-184 --- The tetrad effect in seawater; a long dispute and an analytical approach to the confirmation of the effect / Akagi, T. and Masuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 185-199 --- Detection, characterization and dynamics of dissolved organic ligands in oceanic waters / Tanoue, E. and Midorikawa, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 201-224 --- Chapter III. Primary Production and Other Biological Processes --- Nitrate assimilation and new production in open ocean / Kanda, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 227-238 --- Primary production and community respiration in the subarctic water of the western North Pacific / Odate, T. and Furuya, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 239-253 --- Effects of a seamount on phytoplankton production in the western Pacific Ocean / Furuya, K., Odate, T. and Taguchi, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 255-273 --- Marine colloids: Their roles in food webs and biogeochemical fluxes / Nagata, T. and Koike, I. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 275-292 --- Regional and seasonal variations of biomass and bio-mediated materials in the North Pacific Ocean / Yanada, M. and Maita, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 293-306 --- Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopic ecology in the ocean: The transportation of organic materials through the food web / Sugisakj, H. and Tsuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 307-317 --- The role of carnivorous zooplankton, particularly chaetognaths in ocean flux / Terazaki, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 319-330 --- Seasonal changes in deep-sea benthic foraminiferal populations: Results of long-term observations at Sagami Bay, Japan / Kitazato, H. and Ohga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 331-342 --- Chapter IV. Particle Flux and Sediment Geochemistry --- Spatial variation of Al flux in the North Pacific observed with sediment trap / Noriki, S., Iwai, T., Shimamoto, A., Tsunogai, S. and Harada, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 345-354 --- Spatial and temporal variation of δ515N in sinking particles in deep waters: Its implication for the origin and transport of particulate organic matter / Nakatsuka, T., Handa, N. and Imaizumi, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 355-374 --- 230Th and 231Pa distributions in surface sediments off Enshunada, Japan / Taguchi, K. and Narita, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 375-382 --- Remobilization of transition elements in pore water of continental slope sediments / Kato, Y., Tanase, M., Minami, H. and Okabe, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 383-405 --- Geochemistry of pore waters from a bathyal Calyptogena community off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, Japan / Masuzawa, T., Nakatsuka, T. and Handa, N. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 407-421 --- Chapter V. Submarine Hydrothermal Processes --- Wide variation of chemical characteristics of submarine hydrothermal fluids due to secondary modification processes after high temperature water-rock interaction: a review / Gamo, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 425-451 --- Geochemistry of phase-separated hydrothermal fluids of the North Fiji Basin, Southwest Pacific / Ishibashi, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 453-467 --- Chemical modeling of seawater-rock interaction: Effect of rock-type on the fluid chemistry and mineral assemblage / Chiba, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 469-486 --- Hydrothermal mineralization in the Mid-Okinawa Trough / Nakashima, K., Sakai, H., Yoshida, H., Chiba, H., Tanaka, Y., Gamo, T., Ishibashi, J. and Tsunogai, U. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 487-508 --- Iron-rich smectite formation in the hydrothermal sediment of Iheya Basin, Okinawa Trough / Masuda, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 509-521 --- Formation and alteration of organic compounds in simulated submarine hydrothermal vent environments / Kobayashi, K., Kohara, M., Gamo, T. and Yanagawa, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 523-535 --- Localized heat flow anomalies in the middle Okinawa Trough associated with hydrothermal circulation / Kinoshita, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 537-559 --- Chapter VI. Modeling and Physical Oceanography --- Material transport models from Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean / Yanagi, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 563-574 --- Climate and weather effects on the chlorophyll concentration in the northwestern North Pacific / Sugimoto, T., Tadokoro, K. and Furushima, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 575-592 --- Ecosystem models for the three regional problems in the Northern Pacific / Kishi, M. J. and Kawamiya, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 593-611 --- A review on the subtropical mode water of the North Pacific (NPSTMW) / Hanawa, K. and Suga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 613-627 --- Flow distribution at 165°E in the Pacific Ocean / Kawabe, M. and Taira, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 629-649 --- Determination of monthly mean sea surface temperature from 1981 to 1990 by the NOAA-AVHRR in the equatorial Pacific / Kishino, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 651-659

Description / Table of Contents: Starting from a more general discussion of mechanisms controlling organic carbon deposition in marine environments and indicators useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, this study concentrates on detailed organic-geochemical and sedimentological investigations of late Cenozoic deep-sea sediments from (1) the Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea (ODP-Leg 105), (2) the upwelling area off Northwest Africa (ODP-Leg 108), and (3) the Sea of Japan (ODP-Leg 128). Of major interest are shortas well as long-term changes in organic carbon accumulation during the past 20 m.y. As shown in the data from ODP-Legs 105, 108, and 128, sediments characterized by similar high organic carbon contents can be deposited in very different environments. Thus, simple total organic carbon data do not allow (i) to distinguish between different factors controlling organic carbon enrichment and (ii) to reconstruct the depositional history of these sediments. Data on both quantity and composition of the organic matter, however, provide important informations about the depositional environment and allow detailed reconstructions of the evolution of paleoclimate, paleoceanic circulation, and paleoproductivity in these areas. The results have significant implications for quantitative models of the mechanisms of climatic change. Furthermore, the data may also help to explain the formation of fossil black shales, i.e., hydrocarbon source rocks. (1) BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA The Miocene to Quaternary sediments at Baffin Bay Site 645 are characterized by relatively high organic carbon contents, most of which range from 0.5% to almost 3%. This organic carbon enrichment was mainly controlled by increased supply .of terrigenous organic matter throughout the entire time interval. Two distinct maxima were identified: (i) a middle Miocene maximum, possibly reflecting a dense vegetation cover and fluvial sediment supply from adjacent islands, that decreased during late Miocene and early Pliocene time because of expansion of tundra vegetation due to global climatic deterioration; (ii) a late Pliocene-Pleistocene maximum possibly caused by glacial erosion and meltwater outwash. Significant amounts of marine organic carbon were accumulated in western Baffin Bay during middle Miocene time, indicating higher surface-water productivity (up to about 150 gC m -2 y-l) resulted from the inflow of cold and nutrient-rich Arctic water masses. The decrease in average surface-water productivity to values similar to those of the modern Baffin Bay was recorded during the late Miocene and was probably caused by the development of a seasonal sea-ice cover. At Labrador Sea Sites 646 and 647, organic carbon contents are low varying between 0.10% and 0.75%; the origin of most of the organic matter probably is marine. A major increase in organic carbon accumulation at Site 646 at about 7.2 Ma may indicate increased surface-water productivity triggered by the onset of the cold East-Greeniand Current system. Near 2.4 Ma, i.e., parallel to the development of major Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, accumulation rates of both organic carbon and biogenic opal decreased, suggesting a reduced surface-water productivity because of the development of dosed seasonal sea-ice cover in the northern Labrador Sea. The influence of varying sea-ice cover on surface-water productivity is also documented in the short-term glacial/interglacial fluctuations in organic carbon deposition at Sites 646 and 647. (2) UPWELLING AREAS OFF NORTHWEST AFRICA The upper Pliocene-Quaternary sediments at coastal-upwelling Site 658 are characterized by high organic carbon contents of 4%; the organic matter is a mixture of marine and terrigenous material with a dominance of the marine proportion. The upper Miocene to Quaternary pelagic sediments from close-by non-upwelling Sites 657 and 659, on the other hand, display low organic carbon values of less than 0.5%. Only in turbidites and slumps occasionally intercalated at the latter two sites, high organic carbon values of up to 3% occur. The high accumulation rates of marine organic carbon recorded at Site 658 reflect the high-productivity upwelling environment. Paleoproductivity varies between 100 and 400 gC m "2 y-1 during the past 3.6 m.y. and is clearly triggered by changes in global climate. However, there is no simple relationship between climate and organic carbon supply, i.e., it is not possble to postulate that productivity was generally higher at Site 658 during glacials than during interglacials or vice versa. Changes in the relative importance between upwelling activity (which was increased during glacial intervals) and fluvial nutrient supply (which was increased during interglacial intervals) may have caused the complex productivity record at Site 658. Most of the maximum productivity values, for example, were recorded at peak interglacials and at terminations indicating the importance of local fluvial nutrient supply at Site 658. Near 0.5 Ma, a long-term decrease in paleoproductivity occurs, probably indicating a decrease in fluvial nutrient supply and/or a change in nutrient "content of the upwelled waters. The former explanation is supported by the contemporaneous decrease in terrigenous organic carbon and (river-borne) clay supply suggesting an increase in long-term aridity in the Central Sahara. At Site 660, underneath the Northern Equatorial Divergence Zone, (marine) organic carbon values of up to 1.5% were recorded in upper Pliocene-Quaternary sediments. During the last 2.5 Ma, the glacial sediments are carbonate-lean and enriched in organic carbon probably caused by the influence of a carbonate-dissolving and oxygen-poor deep-water mass. (3) SEA OF JAPAN Based on preliminary results of organic-geochemical investigations, the Miocene to Quaternary sediments from ODP-Sites 798 (Oki Ridge) and 799 (Kita-Yamato-Trough) are characterized by high organic carbon contents of up to 6%; the organic matter is a mixture between marine and terrigenous material. Dominant mechanisms controlling (marine) organic carbon enrichments are probably high-surface water productivity and increased preservations rates under anoxic deep-water conditions. In the lower Pliocene sediments at Site 798 and the Miocene to Quaternary sediments at Site 799, rapid burial of organic carbon in turbidites may have occurred episodically. Distinct cycles of dark laminated sediments with organic carbon values of more than 5% and light bioturbated to homogenous sediments with lower organic carbon contents indicate dramatic shortterm paleoceanographic variations. More detailed records of accumulation rates of marine and terrigenous organic carbon and biogenic opal as well as a detailed oxygen isotope stratigraphy are required for a more precise reconstruction of the environmental history of the Sea of Japan through late Cenozoic time.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE There are problems, when applying statistical inference to the analysis of data, which are not readily solved by the inferential methods of the standard statistical techniques. One example is the computation of confidence intervals for variance components or for functions of variance components. Another example is the statistical inference on the random parameters of the mixed model of the standard statistical techniques or the inference on parameters of nonlinear models. Bayesian analysis gives answers to these problems. The advantage of the Bayesian approach is its conceptual simplicity. It is based on Bayes' theorem only. In general, the posterior distribution for the unknown parameters following from Bayes' theorem can be readily written down. The statistical inference is then solved by this distribution. Often the posterior distribution cannot be integrated analytically. However, this is not a serious drawback, since efficient methods exist for the numerical integration. The results of the standard statistical techniques concerning the linear models can also be derived by the Bayesian inference. These techniques may therefore be considered as special cases of the Bayesian analysis. Thus, the Bayesian inference is more general. Linear models and models closely related to linear models will be assumed for the analysis of the observations which contain the information on the unknown parameters of the models. The models, which are presented, are well suited for a variety of tasks connected with the evaluation of data. When applications are considered, data will be analyzed which have been taken to solve problems of surveying engineering. This does not mean, of course, that the applications are restricted to geodesy. Bayesian statistics may be applied wherever data need to be evaluated, for instance in geophysics. After an introduction the basic concepts of Bayesian inference are presented in Chapter 2. Bayes' theorem is derived and the introduction of prior information for the unknown parameters is discussed. Estimates of the unknown parameters, of confidence regions and the testing of hypotheses are derived and the predictive analysis is treated. Finally techniques for the numerical integration of the integrals are presented which have to be solved for the statistical inference. Chapter 3 introduces models to analyze data for the statistical inference on the unknown parameters and deals with special applications. First the linear model is presented with noninformative and informative priors for the unknown parameters. The agreement with the results of the standard statistical techniques is pointed out. Furthermore, the prediction of data and the linear model not of full rank are discussed. A method for identifying a model is presented and a less sensitive hypothesis test for the standard statistical techniques is derived. The Kalman-Bucy filter for estimating unknown parameters of linear dynamic systems is also given. Nonlinear models are introduced and as an example the fit of a straight line is treated. The resulting posterior distribution for the unknown parameters is analytically not tractable, so that numerical methods have to be applied for the statistical inference. In contrast to the standard statistical techniques, the Bayesian analysis for mixed models does not discriminate between fixed and random parameters, it distinguishes the parameters according to their prior information. The Bayesian inference on the parameters, which correspond to the random parameters of the mixed model of the standard statistical techniques, is therefore readily accomplished. Noninformafive priors of the variance and covariance components are derived for the linear model with unknown variance and covariance components. In addition, informative priors are given. Again, the resulting posterior distributions are analytically not tractable, so that numerical methods have to be applied for the Bayesian inference. The problem of classification is solved by applying the Bayes rule, i.e. the posterior expected loss computed by the predictive density function of the observations is minimized. Robust estimates of the standard statistical techniques, which are maximum likelihood type estimates, the so-called M-estimates, may also be derived by Bayesian inference. But this approach not only leads to the M-estimates, but also any inferential problem for the parameters may be solved. Finally, the reconstruction of digital images is discussed. Numerous methods exist for the analysis of digital images. The Bayesian approach unites some of them and gives them a common theoretical foundation. This is due to the flexibility by which prior information for the unknown parameters can be introduced. It is assumed that the reader has a basic knowledge of the standard statistical techniques. Whenever these results are needed, for easy reference the appropriate page of the book "Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models" by the author (Koch 1988a) is cited. Of course, any other textbook on statistical techniques can serve this purpose. To easily recognize the end of an example or a proof, it is marked by a A or a t~, respectively. I want to thank all colleagues and students who contributed to this book. In particular, I thank Mr. Andreas Busch, Dipl.-Ing., for his suggestions. I also convey my thanks to Mrs. Karin Bauer, who prepared the copy of the book. The assistance of the Springer- Verlag in checking the English text is gratefully acknowledged. The responsibility of errors, of course, remains with the author.

Description / Table of Contents: Digital signal processing has become more and more an integral part of observational seismology. While it offers unprecedented power in extracting information from seismic signals, it comes at the price of having to learn a variety of new skills. Dealing with digital seismic data requires at least a basic understanding of digital signal processing. Taking the calculation of true ground motion as the guiding problem, this course covers the basic theory of linear systems, the design and analysis of simple digital filters, the effect of sampling and A/D conversion and an introduction to spectral analysis of digital signals. It contains a number of examples and exercises that can be reproduced using the PITSA software package (Scherbaum and Johnson 1993) or similar programs.

Description / Table of Contents: Cellular growth is an important crystal growth process and offers an interesting example of natural pattern formation. The present work has been undertaken to study cellular growth, especially its pattern formation, both experimentally and numerically. In situ observations of faceted cellular growth clearly revealed cellular interactions in the array of cells. Cell tip splitting and loss of cells were observed to be the two main mechanisms for the adjustment of cell spacings during growth. For the first time, the true time-dependent faceted cellular growth has been modelled properly. The time evolution of faceted cellular growth has demonstrated the dynamical features of cellular growth processes. It was shown that the pattern formation was determined by cellular interactions in the array, either transient or persistent depending on the growth condition. The cellular structures were irregular when persistent interactions occurred, whereas relatively regular structures could be formed once the transient interactions had stopped. As a result of cellular interactions, a finite range of stable cell spacings was found under a given growth condition. Numerical experiments were carried out for k 〉 1 and k 〈 1 (where k is the solute partition coefficient), under a number of different growth conditions. It was found that these two cases were not symmetric as far as solute distribution is concerned; however the pattern formation behaviours were similar. For k 〉 1 shallow cells were retained, while for k 〈 1, the formation of liquid grooves along the cell boundary depended on the growth condition. The solute effect plays an important role in the cellular interactions in the array. The results were compared with experimental observations in thin film silicon single crystals. It is felt that a general behaviour of pattern formation is found and should be expected for other processes such as non-faceted cellular or eutectic growth. In addition, the solute flow in steady state cellular array growth was studied using the point source technique. Preliminary work was carried out to measure steady state non-faceted cell shapes. Heat flow in zone melting was studied numerically.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held at Freiburg im Breisgau, October 7-11, 1990. The symposium was sponsored mainly by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), by the Geological Institute of the University of Freiburg, and by the International Association of Mathematical Geology. We thank these and all other sponsors of the meeting. The symposium whose participants came from more then twenty countries was the first international meeting dedicated entirely to geological applications of threedimensional computer graphics, a rapidly growing field of scientific visualization in geology. The selection of papers in this volume covers a wide range of methods developed in the last decade.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Planets, Meteorites and Cosmic Dusts --- Primordial Xe Isotopic Abundances and 244Pu-136Xe Ages of Primitive Xe Differentiated Achondrites / Eugster O., Weigel A., and Michel Th. / pp. 1-9 --- The RELAX Mass Spectrometer and Its Application to Iodine-Xenon Dating / Gilmour J. D. and Turner G. / pp. 11-21 --- Enrichment and Fractionation of Noble Gases in Bubbles / Takaoka N. / pp. 23-29 --- "Q-Gases" as "Local" Primordial Noble Gas Component in Primitive Meteorites / Wieler R. / pp. 31-41 --- Weathering and Atmospheric Noble Gases in Chondrites / Scherer P., Schultz L., and Loeken T. / pp. 43-53 --- Radiogenic Noble Gas Constraints on Mars' Evolution / Sasaki S. / pp. 55-66 --- Retentivity of Solar He and Ne in IDPS in Deep Sea Sediment / Hiyagon H. / pp. 67-75 --- Influx and Age Constraints on the Recycled Cosmic Dust Explanation for High 3He/4He Ratios at Hotspot Volcanos / Trull T. / pp. 77-88 --- 2. Mantle and Crust --- Geochronology of Tellurium Ores and the Double-Beta Decay Lifetime of 130Te / Podosek F. A., Brannon J. C., Bernatowicz T. J., Brazzle R., Grauch R., Cowsik R., and Hohenberg C. M. / pp. 89-113 --- Cosmic-Ray-Produced Neon at the Surface of the Earth / Graf T., Kim J. S., Marti K., and Niedermann S. / pp. 115-123 --- Current Status of Xes-Xen Dating / Shukolyukov Yu. A., Meshik A. P., Krylov D. P., and Pravdivtseva O. V. / pp. 125-146 --- Atmospheric, MORB-Like, and Crustal-Derived Noble Gas Components in Subduction-Related Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 147-158 --- Noble Gases in Deformed Xenoliths from an Ocean Island: Characterization of a Metasomatic Fluid / Farley K. A., Poreda R. J., and Onstott T. C. / pp. 159-178 --- Deconvolution of Multiple Components of Neon and Helium in Mantle-Derived Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 179-189 --- Neon and Argon Isotopic Constraints on Earth-Atmosphere Evolution / Marty B. and Allé P. / pp. 191-204 --- The Effect of Water on Noble Gas Signatures of Volcanic Materials / Kaneoka I. / pp. 205-215 --- 3. Water, Gases and Diamonds --- Indigenous and Extraneous Noble Gases in Terrestrial Diamonds / Begemann F. / pp. 217-227 --- Isotopic Variations of Helium in the Diamonds of the Kokchetav Massif's Metamorphic Rocks, Kazakhstan / Pleshakov A. M. and Shukolyukov Yu. A. / pp. 229-243 --- Helium Isotopic Information from Diamonds: Critical Data Available and Needed / Lal D. / pp. 245-260 --- He-Ar Isotope Systematics of Fluid Inclusions: Resolving Mantle and Crustal Contributions to Hydrothermal Fluids / Stuart F., Turner G., and Taylor R. / pp. 261-277 --- Mantle Helium in the Groundwater of the Mirror Lake Basin, New Hampshire, U.S.A. / Torgersen T., Drenkard S., Farley K., Schlosser P., and Shapiro A. / pp. 279-292 --- Volcanic Activity Revealed by Isotope Systematics of Gases from Hydrothermal Springs in Tengchong, China / Wang X., Chen J., Li Y., Wen Q., Sun M., Li C., and Hu G. / pp. 293-304 --- Helium Isotopic Compositions in Quaternary Volcanic Geothermal Area near Indo-Eurasian Collisional Margin at Tengchong, China / Xu S., Nakal S., Wakita H., Wang X., and Chen J. / pp. 305-313 --- 4. Basic Properties --- Sites and Behaviors ofNoble Gas Atoms in MgO Crystal Simulated by the Molecular Dynamics (MD) Method / Tsuchiyama A. and Kawamura K. / pp. 315-323 --- Noble Gas Solubilities in Melts and Crystals / Carroll M. R., Draper D. S., Brooker R. A., and Kelley S. / pp. 325-341 --- Noble Gas Partition between Basaltic Melt and Olivine Crystals at High Pressures / Shibata T., Takahashi E., and Ozima M. / pp. 343-354 --- Noble Gas Partitioning between Metal and Silicate under High Pressures: The Case of Iron and Peridotite / Sudo M., Ohtaka O., and Matsuda J. / pp. 355-372 --- Noble Gas Partitioning in Natural Samples: Results from Coexisting Glass and Olivine Phenocrysts in Four Hawaiian Submarine Basalts / Valbracht P. J., Honda M., Staudigel H., McDougall I., and Trost A. P. / pp. 373-381 --- Retrospective --- After Dinner Talk (A Diagrammatic Summary of Noble Gas Isotope Research in the Physics Department at Berkeley) / Reynolds J. H. / pp. 383-386

Description / Table of Contents: Early Japanese contributions to space weather research—1945-1960— / A. Nishida / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 1-22 --- Hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and astrophysical plasmas / E. N. Parker / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 23-40 --- The 1960s—A decade of remarkable advances in middle atmosphere research / M. A. Geller / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 41-62 --- Hinode "a new solar observatory in space" / S. Tsuneta, L. K. Harra, and S. Masuda / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 63-75 --- Coronal mass ejections and space weather / N. Gopalswamy / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 77-120 / © TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 2009. No claim is made to original U.S. Government works. / [Full text] (PDF 3.9 MB) --- Magnetotail after Geotail, Interball and Cluster: Thin current sheets, fine structure, force balance and stability / L. Zelenyi, H. Malova, A. Artemyev, V. Popov, A. Petrukovich, D. Delcourt, and A. Bykov / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 121-170 --- Simulating solar 'climate' / M. Dikpati / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 171-199 --- Evidence for solar forcing: Some selected aspects / J. Beer and K. McCracken / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 201-216 --- Total solar irradiance variability: What have we learned about its variability from the record of the last three solar cycles? / C. Fröhlich / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 217-230 --- Mechanisms for solar influence on the Earth's climate / J. D. Haigh / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 231-256 --- Variability in the stratosphere: The sun and the QBO / K. Labitzke and M. Kunze / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 257-278 --- Gravity wave coupling from below: A review / R. A. Vincent / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 279-293 --- What we have learnt from CPEA (Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere): A review / S. Fukao / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 295-336 --- Vertical coupling by the semidiurnal tide in Earth's atmosphere / J. M. Forbes / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 337-348

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. High Resolution and Better Imaging --- MUSES-B Satellite System for VSOP / H. Hirosawa / pp. 3-9 --- Mechanical Design and Development of a Deployable Space Antenna for Japanese VLBI Space Observatory Program / M. C. Natori, T. Takano, K. Miyoshi, T. Inoue and T. Kitamura / pp. 10-20 --- Operation of the VSOP Satellite / Y. Murata / pp. 21-25 --- Ground Supporting Facilities for VSOP Observations / N. Kawaguchi, H. Kobayashi, T. Miyaji, H. Mikoshiba, A. Tojo, Z. Yamamoto and H. Hirosawa, / pp. 26-33 --- Space VLBI Simulations / D. W. Murphy, V. Yakimov, H. Kobayashi, A. R. Taylor and I. Fejes / pp. 34-38 --- Space VLBI Scheduling Studies: Techniques and Results / D. L. Meier / pp. 39-43 --- An Affordable Advanced Space VLBI Mission / J. S. Ulvestad, D. L. Meier, D. W. Murphy, R. A. Preston and J. G. Smith / pp. 44-48 --- Space VLBI Experiments Using ETS-VI / T. lwata, H. Kiuchi, M. Imae, M. Sekido and S. Hama / pp. 49-53 --- Space VLBI Polarization Observations / D. C. Gabuzda and A. R. Taylor / pp. 54-58 --- Space VLBI User Assistance Software / I. Fejes, D. W. Murphy, A. R. Taylor, V. Yakimov and G. Young / pp. 59-69 --- mm VLBI / L. B. Bååth / pp. 70-74 --- "High Sensitivity" VLBI at 86 GHz: First Fringes with the 100 m Radio Telescope at Effelsberg / K. J. Standke, D. A. Graham, T. P. Krichbaum, A. Witzel, C. J. Schalinski, A. E. E. Rogers, R. Booth, L. B. Bååth / pp. 75-85 --- Burst Mode System toward mJy Level mm-VLBI / M. Inoue, K. Matsumoto and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 86-88 --- 86 GHz Global VLBI Progress Report / S. Doeleman, A. E. E. Rogers, L. Bååth, C. Schalinski, T. Krichbaum, M. Inoue, A. Zensus, S. Padin, J. Carlstrom, D. Graham, C. Predmore, J. Moran, D. Backer, M. Wright, N. Whyborn, L. Nyman, K. Standke, M. Lerner and S. Kameno / pp. 89-92 --- Global 3- and 7-mm VLBI Observations of OJ287 / C. E. Tateyama and M. Inoue / pp. 93-100 --- VLBI Observations of the 22 GHz H2 0Maser in Late Type Stars / H. Takaba, T. lwata, M. Miyoshi, N. Ukita, S. Kameno and K. Matsumoto / pp. 101-104 --- The H2 0 Super Maser Outburst Region in the Orion Nebula / L. I. Matveyenko and P. J. Diamond / pp. 105-109 --- The Cosmological Application of the VLBI Technique at Ultimate Resolutions / L. I. Gurvits / pp. 110-114 --- First VLBI Images of Supernova 1993J in the Galaxy M81 / N. Bartel, M. F. Bietenholz, M. P. Rupen, J. E. Conway, A. J. Beasley, R. A. Sramek, J. D. Romney, M. A. Titus, D. A. Graham, V. I. Altunin, D. L. Jones, A. Rius, T. Venturi, G. Umana, R. L. Francis, M. L. McCall, M. G. Richer, C. C. Stevenson, K. W. Weiler, S. D. Van Dyk, N. Panagia, W. H. Cannon, J. Popelar and R. J. Davis / pp. 115-122 --- The Visibility-Spectrum Relation among Radio Loud AGNs / S. Kameno, M. Inoue, K. Matsumoto, H. Takaba, T. lwata, R. Nan and R. T. Schilizzi / pp. 123-129 --- Identification of the Superluminal Motion in Faint Parsec-Scale Jet of 3C390.3 / S. Wu, E. Preuss, W. Alef, K. I. Kellermann and Y. Qiu / pp. 130-136 --- A VLBI Search for Compact Nonthermal Emission from the Herbig Be Star MWC 297 / S. L. Skinner and R. B. Phillips / pp. 137-140 --- Snapshot VLBI Mapping of Variable Extragalactic Sources at 327 MHz / L. I. Gurvits, W. Alef, D. R. Altschuler, J. E. Carson, B. Dennison, D. Graham and A. S. Trotter / pp. 141-145 --- AO 0235+164151;A "Heretic" BL Lac / H. S. Chu, L. B. Bååth, F. T. Rantakyrö, R. S. Booth, R. E. Spencer and F. J. Zhang / pp. 146-155 --- Chapter 2. Antenna and Networks --- The New Receiver in the S, X, K Bands for the VLB1 Medicina Dish / A. Orfei, G. Maccaferri, S. Mariotti, M. Morsiani, G. P. Zacchiroli and G. Tomassetti / pp. 159-164 --- The Upgrade Proposal for the VLBI Medicina Antenna / A. Orfei, G. Maccaferri, S. Mariotti, M. Morsiani and G. P. Zacchiroli / pp. 165-170 --- VLBI at the Kyushu Tokai University / M. Fujishita, K. Miyasato, T. Yoshiyama and Y. Matsumae / pp. 171-175 --- VLBI Activities at the Matera Space Geodesy Center / R. Lanotte, G. Bianco, M. Fermi and L. Garramone / pp. 176-184 --- The Mizusawa 10-m Antenna and Its VLBI Observation System / K. M. Shibata, Y. Asaki, I. Asari, Y. Fukuzaki, T. Hara, K. Horiai, K. lwadate, 0. Kameya, N. Kawano, S. Kuji, S. Manabe, S. Sakai, T. Sasao, K. Sato, Y. Tamura and S. Tsuruta / pp. 185-190 --- The 6 m VLBI Telescope at Kagoshima, Japan / T. Omodaka, M. Morimoto, N. Kawaguchi, T. Miyaji, S. Yasuda, T. Suzuyama, T. Kitagawa, T. Miyazaki, L. Furuya, T. Jike, K. Miyazawa, H. Mikoshiba, S. Kuji, 0. Kameya and Kagoshima VLBI Group / pp. 191-195 --- Radio Telescopes and VLBI Facilities in Brazil / P. Kaufmann and C. E. Tateyama / pp. 196-199 --- Cryogenic Cooled Receivers for the QUASAR Network / A. V. lpatov, I. A. lpatova and V. V. Mardyshkin / pp. 200-204 --- The Australian Long Baseline Array—Status Report / A. Tzioumis, W. Wilson and R. Ferris / pp. 205-210 --- The Asia-Pacific Telescope—APT / A. Tzioumis / pp. 211-217 --- Present Status and Future Development on VLBI Facilities in China / Ye S. and Oian Z. / pp. 218-220 --- Chapter 3. The New Trends in Geodesy and Astrometry --- Plate Dynamics near Boundaries: What Governs the Transition between Episodic and Continuous Motions? / K. Heki / pp. 223-228 --- Improved Global Atmospheric Mapping Functions for VLBI and GPS / A. Niell / pp. 229-231 --- Method of Differential Fringe Phase Tracking / N. Kawano, T. Sasao, T. Hara, S. Kuji, 0. Kameya, K. Sato, K. lwadate and Y. Asaki / pp. 232-236 --- The Chinese National Space Geodetic Network / J. Cai / pp. 237-240 --- Satellite Position Determination by Difference of Range (DOR) Measurements / I. Kardos / pp. 241-250 --- Recent Geodetic VLBI Results from Shanghai Observatory / Ye S., Qian Z., Chen G. and Zhou, R. / pp. 251-253 --- An Antennacluster-Antennacluster VLBI Project VERA / T. Sasao, N. Kawano, T. Hara, S. Kuji, K. Shibata, K. lwadate, K. Sato, 0. Kameya, S. Tsuruta, K. Asari, Y. Tamura, K. Horiai, K. Sato, H. Hanada, T. Tsubokawa, K. Yokoyama, S. Manabe and S. Sakai / pp. 254-258 --- An Astronomical Observational Plan Using the VERA / O. Kameya, T. Sasao, N. Kawano and K. M. Shibata / pp. 259-263 --- Estimated Errors in the Antennacluster-Antennacluster VLBI / T. Hara, T. Sasao, K. Sato, N. Kawano and O. Kameya / pp. 264-271 --- Sub-Milliarcsecond Astrometry with Phase-Referenced VLBI / D. L. Jones, J.-F. Lestrade, R. A. Preston and R. B. Phillips / pp. 272-276 --- Selenodesy by Using Differential VLBI Observations of Artificial Radio Sources on the Moon / H. Hanada, M. Ooe, N. Kawano, K. lwadate, S. Kuji, K. Sato, S. Tsuruta, T. Sasao, 0. Kameya, T. Hara, N. Kawaguchi, M. Fujishita, M. Morimoto, S. Yasuda, H. Mizutani and A. Fujimura / pp. 277-281 --- Gravitational Lens Effect and Measurement of Stellar Mass / M. Hosokawa, K. Ohnishi, T. Fukushima and M. Takeuti / pp. 282-286 --- Evidence for Source Structure Effects Caused by the Quasar 3C273 in Geodetic VLBI Data / P. Charlot / pp. 287-294 --- Astronomical Periods in the Solar System / Y. Macyama / pp. 295-305 --- Pulsar VLBI Experiment Using Kashima-Usuda Baseline / M. Sekido, S. Hama, H. Kiuchi, Y. Hanado, Y. Takahashi, M. Imae, K. Fujisawa and H. Hirabayashi / pp. 306-312 --- The Celestial Reference System and Frame of the International Earth Rotation Service / E. F. Arias / pp. 313-315 --- Quasi Simultaneous Observations in the Arclength Method of Reduction of Astrometric VLBI Data / M. S. De Biasi, E. F. Arias and J.-F. Lestrade / pp. 316-318 --- Few-Hundred Microarcsecond VLBI Astrometry: Applications and Reduction of Limiting Error Sources / S. T. Lowe and R. N. Treuhaft / pp. 319-323 --- Chapter 4. Recorders and Correlators --- A New Advanced One-Unit VLBI Correlator (NAOCO) / K. Shibata, T. Sasao, N. Kawaguchi, Y. Tamura, S. Kameno, M. Miyoshi, K. Asari, S. Manabe, T. Hara, S. Kuji, K. Sato, T. Miyaji, K. Matsumoto, Y. Asaki, S. Yasuda and S. Nakamura / pp. 327-331 --- A Programmable VLBI Correlator Using Parallel Computing / G. Petit and T. Fayard / pp. 332-337 --- Status of the New K-4 System / H. Kiuchi, S. Hama, J. Amagai, Y. Hanado, A. Kaneko and M. Imae / pp. 338-344 --- The S2 Frequency Agile Data Acquisition Terminal / W. T. Petrachenko, P. Mathieu, J. Popelar, W. H. Cannon, H. Tan and R. D. Wietfeldt / pp. 345-350 --- A Chipset for a MKII Style Correlator / G. Tuccari / pp. 351-359 --- Keeping Compatibility in International VLBI Systems / T. Yoshino, S. Hama and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 360-364 --- Development of the Burst Mode VLBI / K. Matsumoto and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 365-370 --- The K4 Correlator / S. Hama, H. Kiuchi, M. Sekido and M. Imae / pp. 371-376 --- Notes on High Data Rate Recording / J. Takayama / pp. 377-380

Description / Table of Contents: Understanding the process underlying the origin of Earth magnetic field is one of the greatest challenges left to classical Physics. Geomagnetism, being the oldest Earth science, studies the Earth’s magnetic field in its broadest sense. The magnetic record left in rocks is studied in Paleomagnetism. Both fields have applications, pure and applied: in navigation, in the search for minerals and hydrocarbons, in dating rock sequences, and in unraveling past geologic movements such as plate motions they have contributed to a better understanding of the Earth. Consisting of more than 300 articles written by ca 200 leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire fields of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism in a single volume. It describes in fine detail at an assessable level the state of the current knowledge and provides an up-to-date synthesis of the most basic concepts. As such, it will be an indispensable working tool not only for geophysicists and geophysics students but also for geologists, physicists, atmospheric and environmental scientists, and engineers.

Description / Table of Contents: Understanding, modeling and prediction of mesoscale processes in the atmosphere, ocean and environmental systems have gained importance in the last decade or so. This is because of the availability of more sophisticated observational systems, provided by technological innovations and more realistic simulations using advanced dynamical models. This volume contains many original findings on mesoscale processes in atmospheric and oceanic systems through mathematical modeling, numerical simulations and field experiments. These scientific papers examine and provide the latest developments on a range of topics that include tropical cyclones/hurricanes, mesoscale variability and modeling, seasonal monsoons and land surface processes including atmospheric boundary layer.

Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. The coupling of fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks results in significant complexity of the mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. The volume results from the 5th Euroconference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, which was held in Potsdam, Germany in September 2004. Part I of the topical volume mainly contains contributions investigating the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behavior in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II contains contributions discussing fluid flow and transport in rocks as observed on the laboratory scale and in boreholes. The evolution of rock damage pertinent to the stability of underground excavations is studied and scaling relations of elastic properties and seismic events are discussed.

Description / Table of Contents: DEKORP, the German continental reflection seismic program, was the major focus of deep seismic research in Germany in the 1980s and 1990s. The seismic sections provided fundamental new insight into deep geological structure of the European continent and the dynamics of continental formation. They formed the basis for worldwide comparative studies of orogenic structure. The complicated signature of the reflections from the deep crust indicated that new processing and interpretation techniques must be considered to better image the crystalline crust. Results of these efforts, including pre-stack migration, 3-D imaging, shear waves and seismic anisotropy, are presented in this special volume. In part, the articles open the perspective to new and future research. In part, they document research activity triggered by technical and interpretational questions raised by DEKORP field work and profiling results. Many of the presented methods can find immediate application in industrial seismic prospecting.

Description / Table of Contents: This topical volume of the Journal of Pure and Applied Geophysics utilizes new information not previously accessible for fog related research. It focuses on surface and remote sensing observations of fog, various numerical model applications using new parameterizations, fog climatology, and new statistical methods. The results presented in this special issue come from research efforts in North America and Europe, mainly from the Canadian Fog Remote Sensing And Modeling (FRAM) and European COST-722 fog/visibility related projects. Students, postgraduates, and researchers, interested in cloud physics, physical meteorology, aviation meteorology, climate, weather forecasting, and in other adjacent disciplines, can use this book as a basis for future developments in fog research. It is hoped that this book will lead to new scientific challenges in fog related research, teaching, and applications.

Description / Table of Contents: A Complutense International Seminar on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" was organised and held in Madrid at the Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid September, 13th-15th, 2006. Scientists from both fields, Mathematics and Earth Sciences, took part in this International Seminar, addressing scientific problems related with our planet from clearly complementary approaches, seeking to gain and learn from this dual approach and proposing a closer collaboration in the near future. This volume is the first one of a Topical Issue on "Earth Sciences and Mathematics" and contains papers addressing different topics as deformation modelling applied to natural hazards, inverse gravimetric problem to determine 3D density structure, advanced differential SAR interferometry, climate change, geomagnetic field, Earthquake statistics, meteorological studies using satellite images, climate energy balance models, study of soils properties, and multifractal data sets.

Description / Table of Contents: IOP Publishing presents Volume 6 of the open-access IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) as the online abstract book for the IARU International Scientific Congress on Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions (10–12 March, Copenhagen, Denmark). This abstracts-only volume of EES is quite different to standard IOP Conference Series proceedings volumes which contain full, peer-reviewed proceedings papers. This unique volume of more than 1400 abstracts, divided into 58 different sessions, contains all the oral and poster presentations from the Congress. In view of the importance of the Climate Change Congress as a scientific basis for the COP15 conference, we are delighted to offer this collection as a permanent record of current research devoted to climate change. We hope this compilation will contribute to future world-wide dialogue on climate change in the ongoing search to address the scientific, political, social and economic challenges ahead.

Description / Table of Contents: The Hiroshi Wakita Volume II is a collection of original papers regarding the role of terrestrial fluids in earthquake and volcanic processes. The importance of monitoring volcanic gases for studying volcanic eruptions is widely recognized by the scientific community. On the other hand, the usefulness of hydrological and geochemical monitoring in earthquake studies, especially in earthquake prediction, has been controversial. This Pure and Applied Geophysics volume provides the results of recent studies on terrestrial fluids involved in both processes. The volume honors Hiroshi Wakita for his scientific contributions. It should be useful to researchers and graduate students in the field.

Description / Table of Contents: Faults are primary focuses of both fluid migration and deformation in the upper crust. The recognition that faults are typically heterogeneous zones of deformed material, not simple discrete fractures, has fundamental implications for the way geoscientists predict fluid migration in fault zones, as well as leading to new concepts in understanding seismic/aseismic strain accommodation. This book captures current research into understanding the complexities of fault-zone internal structure, and their control on mechanical and fluid-flow properties of the upper crust. A wide variety of approaches are presented, from geological field studies and laboratory analyses of fault-zone and fault-rock properties to numerical fluid-flow modelling, and from seismological data analyses to coupled hydraulic and rheological modelling. The publication aims to illustrate the importance of understanding fault-zone complexity by integrating such diverse approaches, and its impact on the rheological and fluid-flow behaviour of fault zones in different contexts.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume, in honour of Peter L. Forey, is about fishes as palaeobiogeographic indicators in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The last 250 million years in the history of Earth have witnessed the break-up of Pangaea, affecting the biogeography of organisms. Fishes occupy almost all freshwater and marine environments, making them a good tool to assess palaeogeographic models. The volume begins with studies of Triassic chondrichthyans and lungfishes, with reflections on Triassic palaeogeography. Phylogeny and distribution of Late Jurassic neoselachians and basal teleosts are broached, and are followed by five papers about the Cretaceous, dealing with SE Asian sharks, South American ray-finned fishes and coelacanths, European characiforms, and global fish palaeogeography. Then six papers cover Tertiary subjects, such as bony tongues, eels, cypriniforms and coelacanths. There is generally a good fit between fish phylogenies and the evolution of the palaeogeographical pattern, although a few discrepancies question details of current palaeogeographic models and/or some aspects of fish phylogeny.

Description / Table of Contents: Structurally complex reservoirs form a distinct class of reservoir in which fault arrays and fracture networks, in particular, exert an overriding control on petroleum trapping and production behaviour. With modern exploration and production portfolios now commonly held in geologically complex settings, there is an increasing technical challenge to find new prospects and to extract remaining hydrocarbons from these reservoirs. This volume reviews our current understanding and ability to model the complex distribution and behaviour of fault and fracture networks, highlighting their fluid compartmentalizing effects and storage-transmissivity characteristics, and outlining approaches for predicting the dynamic fluid flow and geomechanical behaviour of these reservoirs. This collection of 25 papers provides an overview of recent progress and outstanding issues in the areas of (i) structural complexity and fault geometry, (ii) detection and prediction of faults and fractures, (iii) compartmentalizing effects of fault systems and complex siliciclastic reservoirs and (iv) critical controls affecting fractured reservoirs.

Description / Table of Contents: The many kinds of porous geomaterials (rocks, soils, concrete, etc.) exhibit a range of responses when undergoing inelastic deformation. In doing so they commonly develop well-ordered fabric elements, forming fractures, shear bands and compaction bands, so creating the planar fabrics that are regarded as localization. Because these induced localization fabrics alter the bulk material properties (such as permeability, acoustic characteristics and strength), it is important to understand how and why localization occurs, and how it relates to its setting. The concept of damage (in several uses) describes both the precursor to localization and the context within which it occurs. A key theme is that geomaterials display a strong material evolution during deformation, revealing a close linkage between the damage and localization processes. This volume assembles perspectives from a number of disciplines, including soil mechanics, rock mechanics, structural geology, seismic anisotropy and reservoir engineering. The papers range from theoretical to observational, and include contributions showing how the deformed geomaterials emergent bulk characteristics, like permeability and seismic anisotropy, can be predicted. This book will be of interest to a wide range of geoscientists and engineers who deal with characterization of deformed materials.

Description / Table of Contents: Volcanoes become active when fluids are in motion, and erupt when these fluids escape into the atmosphere. Volcanic fluids are a mixture of solid, liquid and gas. These mixtures result in a complex range of flow behaviour, especially during interaction with conduit geometry. These processes are not directly observable and must be inferred from interpretations of field observation and measurement. One of the outcomes of this complexity is the generation of pressure and force transients as high-density phases accelerate and decelerate during unsteady flow. These transients are one means of flexing the conduit wall, a process that manifests itself as ground motion and is detectable as volcano seismic signals. On eruption, volcanic fluids interact with the atmosphere and generate acoustic and thermal signals. In this Special Publication we present a series of papers based on field, numerical and experimental approaches that seek to establish links between geophysical signals and fluid motion in volcanic conduits.

Description / Table of Contents: Biogeochemical controls on palaeoceanographic environmental proxies: an introduction / William E. N. Austin and Rachael H. James / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 1-2, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.1 --- Biogeochemical controls on palaeoceanographic environmental proxies: a review / Rachael H. James and William E. N. Austin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 3-32, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.2 --- Some fundamental features of biomineralization / R. J. P. Williams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 33-44, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.3 --- Vital effects and beyond: a modelling perspective on developing palaeoceanographical proxy relationships in foraminifera / Richard E. Zeebe, Jelle Bijma, Bärbel Hönisch, Abhijit Sanyal, Howard J. Spero and Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 45-58, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.4 --- Foraminifer test preservation and diagenesis: comparison of high latitude Eocene sites / Paul N. Pearson and Catherine E. Burgess / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 59-72, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.5 --- The influences of growth rates on planktic foraminifers as proxies for palaeostudies – a review / D. N. Schmidt, T. Elliott and S. A. Kasemann / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 73-85, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.6 --- Fine-scale growth patterns in coral skeletons: biochemical control over crystallization of aragonite fibres and assessment of early diagenesis / J. P. Cuif, Y. Dauphin, A. Meibom, C. Rollion-Bard, M. Salomé, J. Susini and C. T. Williams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 87-96, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.7 --- Modern deep-sea benthic foraminifera: a brief review of their morphology-based biodiversity and trophic diversity / A. J. Gooday, H. Nomaki and H. Kitazato / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 97-119, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.8 --- On the use of benthic foraminiferal δ13C in palaeoceanography: constraints from primary proxy relationships / Andreas Mackensen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 121-133, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.9 --- The carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition of cultured benthic foraminifera / Daniel C. McCorkle, Joan M. Bernhard, Christopher J. Hintz, Jessica K. Blanks, G. Thomas Chandler and Timothy J. Shaw / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 135-154, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.10 --- Seasonal dynamics of coastal water masses in a Scottish fjord and their potential influence on benthic foraminiferal shell geochemistry / Alix G. Cage and William E. N. Austin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 155-172, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.11 --- Isotopic variability in the intertidal acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides: a potentially novel sea-level proxy indicator / K. F. Craven, M. I. Bird, W. E. N. Austin and J. Wynn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 173-185, 1 January 2008, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP303.12

Description / Table of Contents: Alluvial fans: geomorphology, sedimentology, dynamics — introduction. A review of alluvial-fan research / Adrian M. Harvey, Anne E. Mather and Martin Stokes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 1-7, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.01 --- Flow events on a hyper-arid alluvial fan: Quebrada Tambores, Salar de Atacama, northern Chile / Anne E. Mather and Adrian Hartley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 9-24, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.02 --- Fans with forests: contemporary hydrogeomorphic processes on fans with forests in west central British Columbia, Canada / D. J. Wilford, M. E. Sakals, J. L. Innes and R. C. Sidle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 25-40, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.03 --- The fluvial megafan of Abarkoh Basin (Central Iran): an example of flash-flood sedimentation in arid lands / Nasser Arzani / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 41-59, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.04 --- Climate and tectonically controlled river style changes on the Sajó-Hernád alluvial fan (Hungary) / Gyula Gábris and Balázs Nagy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 61-67, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.05 --- Quaternary telescopic-like alluvial fans, Andean Ranges, Argentina / F. Colombo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 69-84, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.06 --- Morphometry and depositional style of Late Pleistocene alluvial fans: Wadi Al-Bih, northern UAE and Oman / Asma Al-Farraj and Adrian M. Harvey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 85-94, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.07 --- Climatic controls on alluvial-fan activity, Coastal Cordillera, northern Chile / Adrian J. Hartley, Anne E. Mather, Elizabeth Jolley and Peter Turner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 95-116, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.08 --- Differential effects of base-level, tectonic setting and climatic change on Quaternary alluvial fans in the northern Great Basin, Nevada, USA / Adrian M. Harvey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 117-131, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.09 --- Reconciling the roles of climate and tectonics in Late Quaternary fan development on the Spartan piedmont, Greece / Richard J.J. Pope and Keith N. Wilkinson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 133-152, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.10 --- Luminescence dating of alluvial fans in intramontane basins of NW Argentina / R. A. J. Robinson, J. Q. G. Spencer, M. R. Strecker, A. Richter and R. N. Alonso / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 153-168, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.11 --- Factors controlling sequence development on Quaternary fluvial fans, San Joaquin Basin, California, USA / G. S. Weissmann, G. L. Bennett and A. L. Lansdale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 169-186, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.12 --- Tertiary alluvial fans at the northern margin of the Ebro Basin: a review / Gary Nichols / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 187-206, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.13 --- Source area and tectonic control on alluvial-fan development in the Miocene Fohnsdorf intramontane basin, Austria / Michael Wagreich and Philipp E. Strauss / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 207-216, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.14 --- Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene basin-margin alluvial fans documenting interaction between tectonic and environmental processes (Provence, SE France) / S. Leleu, J.-F. Ghienne and G. Manatschal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 251, 217-239, 1 January 2005, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2005.251.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Analogue and Numerical Sandbox Models --- Analogue benchmarks of shortening and extension experiments / Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, David Boutelier, Giacomo Corti, Elisabetta Costa, Alexander R. Cruden, Jean-Marc Daniel, Silvan Hoth, Hemin A. Koyi, Nina Kukowski, Jo Lohrmann, Antonio Ravaglia, Roy W. Schlische, Martha Oliver Withjack, Yasuhiro Yamada, Cristian Cavozzi, Chiara Del Ventisette, Jennifer A. Elder Brady, Arne Hoffmann-Rothe, Jean-Marie Mengus, Domenico Montanari and Faramarz Nilforoushan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 1-27, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.01 --- The numerical sandbox: comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment / Susanne J. H. Buiter, Andrey Yu. Babeyko, Susan Ellis, Taras V. Gerya, Boris J. P. Kaus, Antje Kellner, Guido Schreurs and Yasuhiro Yamada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 29-64, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.02 --- Models of Orogenic Processes --- Interaction between normal faults and pre-existing thrust systems in analogue models / Giacomo Corti, Serena Lucia, Marco Bonini, Federico Sani and Francesco Mazzarini / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 65-78, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.03 --- Surface topography and internal strain variation in wide hot orogens from three-dimensional analogue and two-dimensional numerical vice models / Alexander R. Cruden, Mohammad H. B. Nasseri and Russell Pysklywec / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 79-104, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.04 --- Relative importance of trenchward upper plate motion and friction along the plate interface for the topographic evolution of subduction-related mountain belts / Andrea Hampel and Adrian Pfiffner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 105-115, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.05 --- Deformation transfer in viscous detachments: comparison of sandbox models to the South Pyrenean Triangle Zone / Hemin A. Koyi and Maura Sans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 117-134, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.06 --- Analogue modelling of a reactivated, basement controlled strike-slip zone, Sierra de Albarracín, Spain: application of sandbox modelling to polyphase deformation / S. Merten, W. G. Smit, D. A. Nieuwland and H. E. Rondeel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 135-152, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.07 --- Lithospheric scale gravitational flow: the impact of body forces on orogenic processes from Archaean to Phanerozoic / Patrice F. Rey and Gregory Houseman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 153-167, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.08 --- Analogue and numerical modelling of accretionary prisms with a décollement in sediments / Yasuhiro Yamada, Kei Baba and Toshifumi Matsuoka / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 169-183, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.09 --- Models of Sedimentary Basins --- Integrated four-dimensional modelling of sedimentary basin architecture and hydrocarbon migration / S. M. Clarke, S. D. Burley, G. D. Williams, A. J. Richards, D. J. Meredith and S. S. Egan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 185-211, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.10 --- Rifting through a heterogeneous crust: insights from analogue models and application to the Gulf of Corinth / L. Mattioni, L. Le Pourhiet and I. Moretti / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 213-231, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.11 --- 3D modelling of rifting through a pre-existing stack of nappes in the Gulf of Corinth (Greece): a mixed analogue/numerical approach / L. Le Pourhiet, L. Mattioni and I. Moretti / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 233-252, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.12 --- Inversion of a symmetric basin: insights from a comparison between analogue and numerical experiments / M. Panien, S. J. H. Buiter, G. Schreurs and O. A. Pfiffner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 253-270, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.13 --- Lower crustal rheological expression in inverted basins / Mike Sandiford, David L. Hansen and Sandra N. McLaren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 271-283, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.14 --- Geometric and experimental models of extensional fault-bend folds / Martha O. Withjack and Roy W. Schlische / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 285-305, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.15 --- Models of Surface Processes and Deformation --- Recent advances and current problems in modelling surface processes and their interaction with crustal deformation / Jean Braun / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 307-325, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.16 --- Macroscale dynamics of experimental landscapes / Stephane Bonnet and Alain Crave / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 327-339, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.17 --- Numerical modelling of erosion processes in the Himalayas of Nepal: effects of spatial variations of rock strength and precipitation / V. Godard, J. Lavé and R. Cattin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 341-358, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.18 --- Models of Faults and Fluid Flow --- Effects of compaction processes on stresses, faults, and fluid flow in sedimentary basins: examples from the Norwegian margin / Knut Bjørlykke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 359-379, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.19 --- Multiple faults in ductile simple shear: analogue models of flanking structure systems / Ulrike Exner, Bernhard Grasemann and Neil S. Mancktelow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 381-395, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.20 --- Using an elastic dislocation model to investigate static Coulomb stress change scenarios for earthquake ruptures in the eastern Marmara Sea region, Turkey / Jordan R. Muller, Atilla Aydin and Tim J. Wright / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 397-414, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.21 --- Oil reservoirs in foreland basins charged by thrustbelt source rocks: insights from numerical stress modelling and geometric balancing in the West Carpathians / Michal Nemčok and Andreas Henk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 415-428, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.22 --- Relation between effective friction and fault slip rate across the Northern San Andreas fault system / Ann-Sophie Provost and Jean Chéry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 253, 429-436, 1 January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: The Devonian was a critical period with respect to the diversification of early terrestrial ecosystems. The geotectonic setting was characterized by the switch from the post-Caledonian to the pre-Variscan situation. Plant life on land evolved from tiny tracheophytes to trees of considerable size in combination with a global increase in terrestrial biomass, and vertebrates started to conquer the land. Extensive shallow-marine areas and continental lowlands with a wide range of different habitats existed. These are preserved in a large number of basins all around the world. Climate change finally led from greenhouse to icehouse conditions towards the end of the Devonian. Rapid evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and climate change had a pronounced influence on sedimentation and biodiversity, not only in the terrestrial, but also in the marine realm. This volume contains case studies from Australia, China, Europe, South America and North America, and individual palaeoecosystems and their components have been investigated in different palaeogeographic settings that contribute to a much better understanding of the Devonian Period. This is a contribution to the IGCP 499 project on "Devonian land-sea interaction: evolution of ecosystems and climate".

Description / Table of Contents: The Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic succession of the Shemshak Group (up to 4000 m in thickness in the Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran) contains key information about the closure of the Palaeotethys Ocean, the rise and denudation of the Cimmeride Mountains, and the succeeding opening of the South Caspian Basin. Here at Emamzadeh–Hashem Pass (NW of Tehran, Iran), the Shemshak Group is embraced between Upper Palaeozoic–Middle Triassic (foreground) and Upper Jurassic carbonates (background).

Description / Table of Contents: For thousands of years, religious ideas have shaped the thoughts and actions of human beings. Many of the early geological concepts were initially developed within this context. The long-standing relationship between geology and religious thought, which has been sometimes indifferent, sometimes fruitful and sometimes full of conflict, is discussed from a historical point of view. This relationship continues into the present. Although Christian fundamentalists attack evolution and related palaeontological findings as well as the geological evidence for the age of the Earth, mainstream theologians strive for a fruitful dialogue between science and religion. Much of what is written and discussed today can only be understood within the historical perspective. This book considers the development of geology from mythological approaches towards the European Enlightenment, biblical or geological Flood and the age of the Earth, geology within ‘religious’ organizations, biographical case studies of geological clerics and religious geologists, religion and evolution, and historical aspects of creationism and its motives.

Description / Table of Contents: Underground gas storage: An introduction and UK perspective / D. J. Evans and R. A. Chadwick / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 1-11, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.1 --- The importance of gas storage to the UK: The DECC perspective / J. Havard and R. French / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 13-15, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.2 --- Gas storage: An onshore operator's perspective / A. Fernando and A. Raman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 17-24, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.3 --- Underground gas storage: Why and how / Hans Plaat / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 25-37, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.4 --- A review of onshore UK salt deposits and their potential for underground gas storage / D. J. Evans and S. Holloway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 39-80, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.5 --- Environmental and safety monitoring of the natural gas underground storage at Stenlille, Denmark / T. Laier and H. Øbro / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 81-92, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.6 --- Design of salt caverns for the storage of natural gas, crude oil and compressed air: Geomechanical aspects of construction, operation and abandonment / K.-H. Lux / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 93-128, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.7 --- New procedure for tightness tests (MIT) of salt cavern storage wells: Continuous high accuracy determination of relevant parameters, without the need to use radioactive tools / Hartmut Von Tryller, Andreas Reitze and Fritz Crotogino / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 129-137, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.8 --- Environmental issues in permitting gas storage: The Wild Goose case history / Laurie McClenahan Hietter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 139-148, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.9 --- Underground gas storage project at Welton oilfield, Lincolnshire: Local perspectives and responses to planning, environmental and community safety issues / Meg Davidson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 149-161, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.10 --- Well integrity: An overlooked source of risk and liability for underground natural gas storage. Lessons learned from incidents in the USA / Brent Miyazaki / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 163-172, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.11 --- A review of underground fuel storage events and putting risk into perspective with other areas of the energy supply chain / D. J. Evans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 173-216, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.12 --- Underground hydrogen storage in the UK / Howard B. J. Stone, Ivo Veldhuis and R. Neil Richardson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 217-226, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.13 --- Subsurface characterization and geological monitoring of the CO2 injection operation at Weyburn, Saskatchewan, Canada / James B. Riding and Christopher A. Rochelle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 227-256, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.14 --- Review of monitoring issues and technologies associated with the long-term underground storage of carbon dioxide / R. A. Chadwick, R. Arts, M. Bentham, O. Eiken, S. Holloway, G. A. Kirby, J. M. Pearce, J. P. Williamson and P. Zweigel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 313, 257-275, 26 May 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP313.15

Description / Table of Contents: The 3D geological model is still regarded as one of the newest and most innovative tools for reservoir management purposes. The computer modelling of structures, rock properties and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs has evolved from a specialist activity to part of the standard desktop toolkit. The application of these techniques has allowed all disciplines of the subsurface team to collaborate in a common workspace. In today's asset teams, the role of the geological model in hydrocarbon development planning is key and will be for some time ahead. The challenges that face the geologists and engineers will be to provide more seamless interaction between static and dynamic models. This interaction requires the development of conventional and unconventional modelling algorithms and methodologies in order to provide more risk-assessed scenarios, thus enabling geologists and engineers to better understand and capture inherent uncertainties at each aspect of the geological model's life.

Description / Table of Contents: Geological correlations of East Antarctica with adjoining continents have been puzzling geologists ever since the concept of a Gondwana supercontinent surfaced. Despite the paucity of outcrops because of ice cover, difficulty of access and extreme weather, the past 50 years of Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions (JARE) has successfully revealed vital elements of the geology of East Antarctica. This volume presents reviews and new research from localities across East Antarctica, especially from Dronning Maud Land to Enderby Land, where the geological record preserves a history that spans the Archaean and Proterozoic. The reviews include extensive bibliographies of results obtained by geologists who participated in the JARE. Comprehensive geological, petrological and geochemical studies, form a platform for future research on the formation and dispersion of Rodinia in the Mesoproterozoic and subsequent assembly of Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic.

Description / Table of Contents: Seit nunmehr 20 Jahren findet regelmäßig alle zwei Jahre das Symposium "Tektonik, Struktur- und Kristallingeologie" statt. Die Tagung soll insbesondere jungen Nachwuchswissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit bieten, ihre Ergebnisse zu diskutieren und einem breiten Fachpublikum vorzustellen.In diesem Jahr wird schon TSK 11 durchgeführt - zum zweiten Mal nach 1994 wieder in Göttingen.

Description / Table of Contents: Geodynamics of collision and collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia subduction zone – an introduction / Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Michael A. Edwards and Rob Govers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 1-7, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.1 --- Melange genesis and ophiolite emplacement related to subduction of the northern margin of the Tauride–Anatolide continent, central and western Turkey / Alastair H. F. Robertson, Osman Parlak and Tı̇mur Ustaömer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 9-66, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.2 --- Tectono-stratigraphy of the Çankırı Basin: Late Cretaceous to early Miocene evolution of the Neotethyan Suture Zone in Turkey / Nuretdin Kaymakci, Yakup Özçelik, Stanley H. White and Paul M. Van Dijk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 67-106, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.3 --- Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway / Silja K. Hüsing, Willem-Jan Zachariasse, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Wout Krijgsman, Murat Inceöz, Mathias Harzhauser, Oleg Mandic and Andreas Kroh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 107-132, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.4 --- Long-term evolution of the North Anatolian Fault: new constraints from its eastern termination / Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari, Geoffrey King, Jérome van der Woerd, Igor Villa, Erhan Altunel and Rolando Armijo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 133-154, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.5 --- Mediterranean snapshots of accelerated slab retreat: subduction instability in stalled continental collision / M. A. Edwards and B. Grasemann / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 155-192, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.6 --- Evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian slab tear and active tectonics along the western edge of the Tyrrhenian subducted slab / Andrea Argnani / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 193-212, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.7 --- Geochemical and temporal evolution of Cenozoic magmatism in western Turkey: mantle response to collision, slab break-off, and lithospheric tearing in an orogenic belt / Yildirim Dilek and Şafak Altunkaynak / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 213-233, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.8 --- Insights from the Apennines metamorphic complexes and their bearing on the kinematics evolution of the orogen / Gianluca Vignaroli, Claudio Faccenna, Federico Rossetti and Laurent Jolivet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 235-256, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.9 --- Sequential development of interfering metamorphic core complexes: numerical experiments and comparison with the Cyclades, Greece / C. Tirel, P. Gautier, D. J. J. van Hinsbergen and M. J. R. Wortel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 257-292, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.10 --- The Itea–Amfissa detachment: a pre-Corinth rift Miocene extensional structure in central Greece / Dimitrios Papanikolaou, Leonidas Gouliotis and Maria Triantaphyllou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 293-310, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.11 --- Neogene brittle detachment faulting on Kos (E Greece): implications for a southern break-away fault of the Menderes metamorphic core complex (western Turkey) / Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen and Flora Boekhout / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 311-320, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.12 --- Magnetostratigraphy of early–middle Miocene deposits from east–west trending Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens in western Turkey, and its tectonic implications / Sevket Sen and Gürol Seyitoğlu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 321-342, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.13 --- The structure of the Kythira–Antikythira strait, offshore SW Greece (35.7°–36.6°N) / Eleni Kokinou and Evangelos Kamberis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 343-360, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.14 --- Erratum --- Melange genesis and ophiolite emplacement related to subduction of the northern margin of the Tauride–Anatolide continent, central and western Turkey / Alastair H. F. Robertson, Osman Parlak and Tı̇mur Ustaömer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 1, 29 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.Erratum

Description / Table of Contents: This book considers the geology between North and South America. It contributes to debate about the area's evolution, particularly that of the Caribbean. Prevailing understanding is that the Caribbean formed in the Pacific and was engulfed between the Americas as the latter drifted west. Accordingly, the Caribbean Plate comprises internal, Jurassic–Cretaceous oceanic rocks, thickened into a Cretaceous hotspot/plume plateau, with obducted ophiolites and Cretaceous–Palaeogene, subduction-related, intra-oceanic volcanic arc and metamorphosed arc/continental rocks exposed on its margins. An alternative interpretation is that the Caribbean evolved in place. It consists largely of continental crust, extended in the Triassic–Jurassic, which subsided below thick Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate rocks and flood basalts, and Cenozoic carbonate and clastic rocks. After uplift of ‘oceanic’ and volcanic arc rocks onto (continental) margins, the interior foundered in the Middle Eocene. Papers range from regional overviews and discussions of Caribbean origins to aspects of local geology arranged in a circum-Caribbean tour and ending in the interior. They address tectonics, structure, geochronology, seismicity, igneous and metamorphic petrology, metamorphism, geochemistry, stratigraphy and palaeontology.

Description / Table of Contents: Faults are primary focuses of both fluid migration and deformation in the upper crust. The recognition that faults are typically heterogeneous zones of deformed material, not simple discrete fractures, has fundamental implications for the way geoscientists predict fluid migration in fault zones, as well as leading to new concepts in understanding seismic/aseismic strain accommodation. This book captures current research into understanding the complexities of fault-zone internal structure, and their control on mechanical and fluid-flow properties of the upper crust. A wide variety of approaches are presented, from geological field studies and laboratory analyses of fault-zone and fault-rock properties to numerical fluid-flow modelling, and from seismological data analyses to coupled hydraulic and rheological modelling. The publication aims to illustrate the importance of understanding fault-zone complexity by integrating such diverse approaches, and its impact on the rheological and fluid-flow behaviour of fault zones in different contexts.

Description / Table of Contents: In this book geological the conditions of speleogenesis in the Miocene gypsum in the Western Ukraine are characterized, particularly the role of lithological and structural prerequisites in speleogenesis. The special attention is given to structural and textural unhomogeneities in the gypsum stratum and to their role in the formation of fractures. Fracture systems in the gypsum and the structure of the unique maze cave systems are examined in details. It is shown that speleo-initiating fractures in the gypsum strata belong to the lithogenetic type and form largely independent multi-storey networks, with each storey being confined within a certain vertical structural/textural zone (unit) of the stratum. This determines the multi-storey structure of the caves in the region. Two problems related to structural and textural characteristics of the gypsum stratum are discussed in details: the formation of giant dome structures by way of gypsum recrystallization during the synsedimentary and early diagenesis stages, and the genesis of fractures. Speleogenetic realization of the existing structural prerequisites occurred under conditions of a confined multi-storey artesian aquifer system due to an upward flow across the gypsum from the under-gypsum aquifer.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides an overview of the principal environments, main processes and manifestations of hypogenic speleogenesis, and refines the relevant conceptual framework. It consolidates the notion of hypogenic karst as one of the two major types of karst systems (the other being epigenetic karst). Karst is viewed in the context of regional groundwater flow systems, which provide the systematic transport and distribution mechanisms needed to produce and maintain the disequilibrium conditions necessary for speleogenesis. Hypogenic and epigenic karst systems are regularly associated with different types, patterns and segments of flow systems, characterized by distinct hydrokinetic, chemical and thermal conditions. Epigenic karst systems are predominantly local systems, and/or parts of recharge segments of intermediate and regional systems. Hypogenic karst is associated with discharge regimes of regional or intermediate flow systems. Various styles of hypogenic caves that were previously considered unrelated, specific either to certain lithologies or chemical mechanisms are shown to share common hydrogeologic genetic backgrounds. In contrast to the currently predominant view of hypogenic speleogenesis as a specific geochemical phenomenon, the broad hydrogeological approach is adopted in the book. Hypogenic speleogenesis is defined with reference to the source of fluid recharge to the cave-forming zone, and type of flow system. It is shown that confined settings are the principal hydrogeologic environment for hypogenic speleogenesis. However, there is a general evolutionary trend for hypogenic karst systems to lose their confinement due to uplift and denudation and due to their own expansion. Confined hypogenic caves may experience substantial modification or be partially or largely overridden under subsequent unconfined (vadose) stages, either by epigenic processes or continuing unconfined hypogenic processes, especially when H2S dissolution mechanisms are involved. Hypogenic confined systems evolve to facilitate cross-formational hydraulic communication between common aquifers, or between laterally transmissive beds in heterogeneous soluble formations, across cave-forming zones. The latter originally represented low-permeable, separating units supporting vertical rather than lateral flow. Layered heterogeneity in permeability and breaches in connectivity between different fracture porosity structures across soluble formations are important controls over the spatial organization of evolving ascending hypogenic cave systems. Transverse hydraulic communication across lithological and porosity system boundaries, which commonly coincide with major contrasts in water chemistry, gas composition and temperature, is potent enough to drive various disequilibrium and reaction dissolution mechanisms. Hypogenic speleogenesis may operate in both carbonates and evaporites, but also in some clastic rocks with soluble cement. Its main characteristic is the lack of genetic relationship with groundwater recharge from the overlying or immediately adjacent surface. It may not be manifested at the surface at all, receiving some expression only during later stages of uplift and denudation. In many instances, hypogenic speleogenesis is largely climate-independent. There is a specific hydrogeologic mechanism inherent in hypogenic transverse speleogenesis (restricted input/output) that suppresses the positive flow-dissolution feedback and speleogenetic competition in an initial flowpath network. This accounts for the development of more pervasive channeling and maze patterns in confined settings where appropriate structural prerequisites exist. As forced-flow regimes in confined settings are commonly sluggish, buoyancy dissolution driven by either solute or thermal density differences is important in hypogenic speleogenesis. In identifying hypogenic caves, the primary criteria are morphological (patterns and meso-morphology) and hydrogeological (hydrostratigraphic position and recharge/flow pattern viewed from the perspective of the evolution of a regional groundwater flow system). Elementary patterns typical for hypogenic caves are network mazes, spongework mazes, irregular chambers and isolated passages or crude passage clusters. They often combine to form composite patterns and complex 3-D structures. Hypogenic caves are identified in various geological and tectonic settings, and in various lithologies. Despite these variations, resultant caves demonstrate a remarkable similarity in cave patterns and meso-morphology, which strongly suggests that the hydrogeologic settings were broadly identical in their formation. Presence of the characteristic morphologic suites of rising flow with buoyancy components is one of the most decisive criteria to identify hypogenic speleogenesis. Hypogenic speleogenesis is much more widespread than it was previously presumed. Hypogenic caves include many of the largest, by integrated length and by volume, documented caves in the world. The refined conceptual framework of hypogenic speleogenesis has broad implications in applied fields and promises to make karst and cave expertise more demanded by practicing hydrogeology, geological engineering, economic geology and mineral resource industries. Any generalization of hydrogeology of karst aquifers, as well as approaches to practical issues and resource prospecting in karst regions, should take into account the different nature and characteristics of hypogenic and epigenic karst systems. Hydraulic properties of karst aquifers, evolved in response to hypogenic speleogenesis, are characteristically different from epigenic karst aquifers. In hypogenic systems, cave porosity is roughly an order of magnitude greater, and areal coverage of caves is five times greater than in epigenic karst systems. Hypogenic speleogenesis commonly results in more isotropic conduit permeability pervasively distributed within highly karstified areas measuring up to several square kilometers. Although being vertically and laterally integrated throughout conduit clusters, hypogenic systems, however, do not transmit flow laterally for considerable distances. Hypogenic speleogenesis can affect regional subsurface fluid flow by greatly enhancing initially available cross-formational permeability structures, providing higher local vertical hydraulic connections between lateral stratiform pathways for groundwater flow, and creating discharge segments of flow systems, the areas of low-fluid potential recognizable at the regional scale. Discharge of artesian karst springs, which are modern outlets of hypogenic karst systems, is often very large and steady, being moderated by the high karstic storage developed in the karstified zones and by the hydraulic capacity of an entire artesian system. Hypogenic speleogenesis plays an important role in conditioning related processes such as hydrothermal mineralization, diagenesis, and hydrocarbon transport and entrapment. The appreciation of the wide occurrence of hypogenic karst systems, marked specifics in their origin, development and characteristics, and their scientific and practical importance, calls for revisiting and expanding of the current predominantly epigenic paradigm of karst and cave science.

Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS Alexander Klimchouk HYPOGENE CAVE PATTERNS Philippe Audra, Ludovic Mocochain, Jean-Yves Bigot, and Jean-Claude Nobécourt MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SPELEOGENESIS: HYPOGENIC SPELEOGENS Philippe Audra, Ludovic Mocochain, Jean-Yves Bigot, and Jean-Claude Nobécourt HYPOGENE CAVES IN DEFORMED (FOLD BELT) STRATA: OBSERVATIONS FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA AND CENTRAL EUROPE R.A.L. Osborne IDENTIFYING PALEO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION DURING HYDROTHERMAL KARSTIFICATION: A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH Yuri Dublyansky and Christoph Spötl MICROORGANISMS AS SPELEOGENETIC AGENTS: GEOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY BUT GEOMICROBIAL UNITY P.J.Boston, M.N. Spilde, D.E. Northup, M.D. Curry, L.A. Melim, and L. Rosales-Lagarde SIDERITE WEATHERING AS A REACTION CAUSING HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE IBERG/HARZ/GERMANY Stephan Kempe SIMULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION CONDUITS IN HYPOGENE SETTINGS C. Rehrl, S. Birk, and A.B. Klimchouk EVOLUTION OF CAVES IN POROUS LIMESTONE BY MIXING CORROSION: A MODEL APPROACH Wolfgang Dreybrodt, Douchko Romanov, and Georg Kaufmann SPELEOGENESIS OF MEDITERRANEAN KARSTS: A MODELLING APPROACH BASED ON REALISTIC FRACTURE NETWORKS Antoine Lafare, Hervé Jourde, Véronique Leonardi, Séverin Pistre, and Nathalie Dörfliger GIANT COLLAPSE STRUCTURES FORMED BY HYPOGENIC KARSTIFICATION: THE OBRUKS OF THE CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY C. Serdar Bayari, N. Nur Ozyurt, and Emrah Pekkans ON THE ROLE OF HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN SHAPING THE COASTAL ENDOKARST OF SOUTHERN MALLORCA (WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN) Joaquín Ginés, Angel Ginés, Joan J. Fornós, Antoni Merino and Francesc Gràcia HYPOGENE CAVES IN THE APENNINES (ITALY) Sandro Galdenzi STEGBACHGRABEN, A MINERALIZED HYPOGENE CAVE IN THE GROSSARL VALLEY, AUSTRIA Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, and Christoph Steinbauer HYPOGENE CAVES IN AUSTRIA Lukas Plan, Christoph Spötl, Rudolf Pavuza, Yuri Dublyansky KRAUSHÖHLE: THE FIRST SULPHURIC ACID CAVE IN THE EASTERN ALPS (STYRIA, AUSTRIA) (Abstract only) Lukas Plan, Jo De Waele, Philippe Audra, Antonio Rossi, and Christoph Spötl HYDROTHERMAL ORIGIN OF ZADLAŠKA JAMA, AN ANCIENT ALPINE CAVE IN THE JULIAN ALPS, SLOVENIA Martin Knez and Tadej Slabe ACTIVE HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS AND THE GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS AROUND THE EDGES OF ANTICLINAL RIDGES Amos Frumkin SEISMIC-SAG STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN TERTIARY CARBONATE ROCKS BENEATH SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA, USA: EVIDENCE FOR HYPOGENIC SPELEOGENESIS? Kevin J. Cunningham and Cameron Walker HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN THE PIEDMONT CRIMEA RANGE A.B. Klimchouk, E.I. Tymokhina and G.N. Amelichev STYLES OF HYPOGENE CAVE DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT CARBONATE AREAS OVERLYING NON-PERMEABLE ROCKS IN BRAZIL AND THE INFLUENCE OF COMPETING MECHANISMS AND LATER MODIFYING PROCESSES Augusto S. Auler MORPHOLOGY AND GENESIS OF THE MAIN ORE BODY AT NANISIVIK ZINC/LEAD MINE, BAFFIN ISLAND, CANADA: AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE OF PARAGENETIC DISSOLUTION OF CARBONATE BEDROCKS WITH PENE-CONTEMPORANEOUS PRECIPITATION OF SULFIDES AND GANGUE MINERALS IN A HYPOGENE SETTING Derek Ford THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOGENE AND EPIGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE VAZANTE KARST MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL Cristian Bittencourt, Augusto Sarreiro Auler, José Manoel dos Reis Neto, Vanio de Bessa and Marcus Vinícios Andrade Silva HYPOGENIC ASCENDING SPELEOGENESIS IN THE KRAKÓW-CZĘSTOCHOWA UPLAND (POLAND) ? EVIDENCE IN CAVE MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE RELIEF Andrzej Tyc EVIDENCE FROM CERNA VALLEY CAVES (SW ROMANIA) FOR SULFURIC ACID SPELEOGENESIS: A MINERALOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPE STUDY Bogdan P. Onac, Jonathan Sumrall, Jonathan Wynn, Tudor Tamas, Veronica Dărmiceanu and Cristina Cizmaş THE POSSIBILITY OF REVERSE FLOW PIRACY IN CAVES OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN BELT (Abstract only) Ira D. Sasowsky KARSTOGENESIS AT THE PRUT RIVER VALLEY (WESTERN UKRAINE, PRUT AREA) Viacheslav Andreychouk and Bogdan Ridush ZOLOUSHKA CAVE: HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS OR REVERSE WATER THROUGHFLOW? V. Eirzhyk (Abstract only) EPIGENE AND HYPOGENE CAVES IN THE NEOGENE GYPSUM OF THE PONIDZIE AREA (NIECKA NIDZIAŃSKA REGION), POLAND Jan Urban, Viacheslav Andreychouk, and Andrzej Kasza PETRALONA CAVE: MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON ITS SPELEOGENESIS Georgios Lazaridis HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN MAINLAND NORWAY AND SVALBARD? Stein-Erik Lauritzen VILLA LUZ PARK CAVES: SPELEOGENESIS BASED ON CURRENT STRATIGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGIC EVIDENCE (Abstract only) Laura Rosales-Lagarde, Penelope J. Boston, Andrew Campbell, and Mike Pullin HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN SAUDI ARABIA (LAYLA LAKE SINKHOLES, AIN HEETH CAVE) Stephan Kempe, Heiko Dirks, and Ingo Bauer HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN JORDAN (BERGISH/AL-DAHER CAVE, UWAIYED CAVE, BEER AL-MALABEH SINKHOLE) Stephan Kempe, Ahmad Al-Malabeh, and Horst-Volker Henschel ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF 2D RESISTIVITY IMAGING TO MAP A DEEP AQUIFER IN CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION Bakhtiar K. Aziz and Ezzaden N. Baban FEATURES OF GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ORDINSKAYA UNDERWATER CAVE, FORE-URALS, RUSSIA Pavel Sivinskih

Description / Table of Contents: This collection of research and review papers addresses the question of structural evolution during deformation to high strains and the physical properties of rocks that have been affected by high-strain zones. The discussions range from natural examples at outcrop to microscopic studies. They include experiments and numerical models based on the active processes in high-strain zones as well as studies on the physical properties of highly strained rocks in the field and laboratory. Specific questions addressed include magnetotelturic imaging of faults, magnetic fabrics, fabric development, seismic properties of highly strained rocks, change of theology with strain, influence of melt on the localization of deformation, the relationship between deformation and metamorphism as well as new methods in the analysis of deformation. The book is aimed at an interdisciplinary group of readers interested in the effects of high strain in rocks.

Description / Table of Contents: Submarine slopes provide the critical link between shallow-water and deep-water sedimentary environments. They accumulate a sensitive record of sediment supply, accommodation creation/destruction, and tectonic processes during basin filling. There is a complex stratigraphic response to the interplay between parameters that control the evolution of submarine slope systems, e.g. slope gradient, topographic complexity, sediment flux and calibre, base-level change,tectonic setting, and post-depositional sediment remobilization processes. The increased understanding of submarine slope system has been driven partly by the discovery of large hydrocarbon fields in morphologically complex slope settings, such as the Gulf of Mexico and offshore West Africa, and has led to detailed case studies and improved generic models for their evolution. This volume brings together research papers from modern, outcrop and subsurface settings to highlight these recent advances in understanding of the stratigraphic evolution of submarine slope systems.

Description / Table of Contents: This publication is about the world’s surface ice on land outside the two polar ice sheets. It provides a sound and well illustrated review on the basis of available data, the global distribution of glaciers and ice caps, and their changes since maximum extents of the so-called Little Ice Age. The publication also provides the background knowledge needed to understand the compiled glacier observations in view of the ongoing climate change. It presents the latest state of knowledge on glacier changes in view of the available data sets and the scientific literature, and discusses the challenges of the 21st century for the monitoring of glaciers and ice caps. The publication was prepared in a joint project of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). It was written by the officers of the WGMS and reviewed by scientists from around the world with expertise in the research and monitoring of glaciers and ice caps.

Description / Table of Contents: Boreholes are commonly drilled into crystalline rocks to evaluate their suitability for various applications such as waste disposal (including nuclear waste), geothermal energy, hydrology, sequestration of greenhouse gases and for fault analysis. Crystalline rocks include igneous, metamorphic and even some sedimentary rocks. The quantification and understanding of individual rock masses requires extensive modelling and an analysis of various physical and chemical parameters. This volume covers the following aspects of the petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks: fracturing and deformation, oceanic basement studies, permeability and hydrology, and laboratorybased studies. With the growing demands for sustainable and environmentally effective development of the subsurface, the petrophysics of crystalline rocks is becoming an increasingly important field.

Description / Table of Contents: The publication of this volume occurs at the one-hundredth anniversary of 1905, which has been called the annus mirabilus because it was the year of a number of enormous scientific advances. Among them are four papers by Albert Einstein explaining (among other things) Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, the special theory of relativity, and the equation E = mc2. Also of significance in 1905 was the first application of another major advance in physics, which dramatically changed the fields of Earth and planetary science. In March of 1905 (and published the following year), Ernest Rutherford presented the following in the Silliman Lectures at Yale: "The helium observed in the radioactive minerals is almost certainly due to its production from the radium and other radioactive substances contained therein. If the rate of production of helium from known weights of the different radioelements were experimentally known, it should thus be possible to determine the interval required for the production of the amount of helium observed in radioactive minerals, or, in other words, to determine the age of the mineral." Rutherford E (1906) Radioactive Transformations. Charles Scriber's Sons, NY Thus radioisotopic geochronology was born, almost immediately shattering centuries of speculative conjectures and estimates and laying the foundation for establishment of the geologic timescale, the age of the Earth and meteorites, and a quantitative understanding of the rates of processes ranging from nebular condensation to Quaternary glaciations. There is an important subplot to the historical development of radioisotopic dating over the last hundred years, which, ironically, arises directly from the subsequent history of the U-He dating method Rutherford described in 1905. Almost as soon as radioisotopic dating was invented, it was recognized that the U-He [or later the (U-Th)/He method], provided ages that were often far younger than those allowed by stratigraphic correlations or other techniques such as U/Pb dating. Clearly, as R.J. Strutt noted in 1910, He ages only provided "minimum values, because helium leaks out from the mineral, to what extent it is impossible to say" (Strutt, 1910, Proc Roy Soc Lond, Ser A 84:379-388). For several decades most attention was diverted to U/Pb and other techniques better suited to measurement of crystallization ages and establishment of the geologic timescale. Gradually it became clear that other radioisotopic systems such as K/Ar and later fission-track also provided ages that were clearly younger than formation ages. In 1910 it may have been impossible to say the extent to which He (or most other elements) leaked out of minerals, but eventually a growing understanding of thermally-activated diffusion and annealing began to shed light on the significance of such ages. The recognition that some systems can provide cooling, rather than formation, ages, was gradual and diachronous across radioisotopic systems. Most of the heavy lifting in this regard was accomplished by researchers working on the interpretation of K/Ar and fission-track ages. Ironically, Rutherford¹s He-based radioisotopic system was one of the last to be quantitatively interpreted as a thermochronometer, and has been added to K/Ar (including 40Ar/39Ar) and fission-track methods as important for constraining the medium- to low-temperature thermal histories of rocks and minerals. Thermochronology has had a slow and sometimes fitful maturation from what were once troubling age discrepancies and poorly-understood open-system behaviors, into a powerful branch of geochronology applied by Earth scientists from diverse fields. Cooling ages, coupled with quantitative understanding of crystal-scale kinetic phenomena and crustal- or landscape-scale interpretational models now provide an enormous range of insights into tectonics, geomorphology, and subjects of other fields. At the same time, blossoming of lower temperature thermochronometric approaches has inspired new perspectives into the detailed behavior of higher temperature systems that previously may have been primarily used for establishing formation ages. Increased recognition of the importance of thermal histories, combined with improved analytical precision, has motivated progress in understanding the thermochronologic behavior of U/Pb, Sm/Nd, Lu/Hf, and other systems in a wide range of minerals, filling out the temperature range accessible by thermochronologic approaches. Thus the maturation of low- and medium-temperature thermochronology has led to a fuller understanding of the significance of radioisotopic ages in general, and to one degree or another has permeated most of geochronology. Except in rare cases, the goal of thermochronology is not thermal histories themselves, but rather the geologic processes responsible for them. Thermochronometers are now routinely used for quantifying exhumation histories (tectonic or erosional), magmatism, or landscape evolution. As thermochronology has matured, so have model and interpretational approaches used to convert thermal histories into these more useful geologic histories. Low-temperature thermochronology has been especially important in this regard, as knowledge of thermal processes in the uppermost few kilometers of the crust require consideration of coupled interactions of tectonic, geodynamic, and surface processes. Exciting new developments in these fields in turn drive improved thermochronologic methods and innovative sampling approaches.

Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge of the relation between sonic velocity in sediments and rock lithology is one of the keys to interpreting data from seismic sections or from acoustic logs of sedimentary sequences. Reliable correlations of rock velocity with other petrophysical parameters, such as porosity or density, are essential for calculating impedance models for synthetic seismic sections (BIDDLE et al. , 1992; CAMPBELL and STAFLEU, 1992) or identifying the origin of reflectivity on seismic lines (SELLAMI et al. , 1990; CHRISTENSEN and SZYMANSKI, 1991). Velocity is thus an important parameter for correlating lithological with geophysical data. Recent studies have increased our understanding of elastic rock properties in siliciclastic or shaly sediments. The causes for variations in velocity have been investigated for siliciclastic rocks (VERNIK and NUR, 1992), mixed carbonate siliciclastic sediments (CHRISTENSEN and SZYMANSKI, 1991), synthetic sand-clay mixtures (MARION et aI. , 1992) or claystones (JAPSEN, 1993). The concepts derived from these studies are however only partly applicable in pure carbonates. Carbon­ ates do not have large compositional variations that are, as is the case in the other sedimentary rocks, responsible for velocity contrasts. Pure carbonates are character­ ized by the lack of any clay or siliciclastic content, but are mostly produced and deposited on the top or on the slope of isolated or detached carbonate platforms, that have no hinterland as a source of terrigeneous material (WILSON, 1975; EBERLI, 1991).

Description / Table of Contents: Forced folds and fractures: An introduction / J. W. Cosgrove / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 1-6, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.01 --- A comparison of the geometry, spatial organization and fracture patterns associated with forced folds and buckle folds / J. W. Cosgrove and M. S. Ameen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 7-21, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.02 --- Section 1: Numerical Analysis and Field Study of Fractures Associated with Compactional Forced Folds --- Interlayer slip and joint localization in the East Kaibab Monocline, Utah: field evidence and results from numerical modelling / M. L. Cooke, P. N. Mollema, D. D. Pollard and A. Aydin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 23-49, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.03 --- Differential compaction of interbedded sandstone and coal / Stephen E. Laubach, Daniel D. Schultz-Ela and Roger Tyler / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 51-60, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.04 --- Forced-fold development within Tertiary sediments of the Alba Field, UKCS: evidence of differential compaction and post-depositional sandstone remobilization / John W. Cosgrove and Rob. D. Hillier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 61-71, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.05 --- Section 2: Forced Folding in Extensional Environments --- Extensional forced folding and décollement of the pre-rift series along the Rhine graben and their influence on the geometry of the syn-rift sequences / Jean-Christophe Maurin and Bertrand Niviere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 73-86, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.06 --- Displacement transfer and forced folding in the Maritimes basin of Nova Scotia, eastern Canada / J. V. A. Keller and G. Lynch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 87-101, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.07 --- Late Quaternary monoclinal folding induced by caldera resurgence at Ischia, Italy / Alessandro Tibaldi and Luigina Vezzoli / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 103-113, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.08 --- Stratal fold patterns adjacent to normal faults: observations from the Gulf of Mexico / C. S. Mansfield and J. A. Cartwright / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 115-128, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.09 --- Section 3: Forced Folding in Compressional and Strike-Slip Environments --- Effects of interlayer slip in model forced folds / G. D. Couples and H. Lewis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 129-144, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.10 --- Regional tectonics and fracture patterns in the Fall River Formation (Lower Cretaceous) around the Black Hills foreland uplift, western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming / John L. Wicks, Stuart L. Dean and Byron R. Kulander / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 145-165, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.11 --- Geometry of fold arrays in the Silesian-Cracovian region of southern Poland / Leslaw Teper / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 167-179, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.12 --- Primary and ‘forced folds’ of the Columbia River basalt province, eastern Washington, USA / A. J. Watkinson and P. R. Hooper / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 181-186, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.13 --- Section 4: Temporal and Spatial Relationship between Forced Folds and Buckle Folds, Crustal-Scale Folds and Fold/Fracture Relationships --- The interplay of faulting and folding during the evolution of the Zagros deformation belt / Y. Sattarzadeh, J. W. Cosgrove and C. Vita-Finzi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 187-196, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.14 --- Complex metamorphic zonation of the Thaya dome: result of buckling and gravitational collapse of an imbricated nappe sequence / P. Štípská, K. Schulmann and V. Höck / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 197-211, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.15 --- Predicting patterns of strain from three-dimensional fold geometries: neutral surface folds and forced folds / Richard J. Lisle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 169, 213-221, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.169.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Understanding granites: integrating new and classical techniques / Antonio Castro, Carlos Fernández and Jean Louis Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 1-5, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.01 --- Some time-space relationships for crustal melting and granitic intrusion at various depths / Alan Bruce Thompson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 7-25, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.02 --- Granitic melt viscosities / Donald B. Dingwell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 27-38, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.03 --- Geophysical imaging of the shape of granitic intrusions at depth: a review / L. Améglio and J. L. Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 39-54, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.04 --- What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas? / Alberto E. Patiño Douce / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 55-75, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.05 --- Geometry of granite emplacement in the upper crust: contributions of analogue modelling / Teresa Román-Berdiel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 77-94, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.06 --- A multidisciplinary approach combining geochemical, gravity and structural data: implications for pluton emplacement and zonation / L. Hecht and J. L. Vigneresse / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 95-110, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.07 --- The Coastal Batholith and other aspects of Andean magmatism in Peru / E. J. Cobbing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 111-122, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.08 --- Contrasts in morphogenesis and tectonic setting during contemporaneous emplacement of S- and I-type granitoids in the Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia / R. Trzebski, P. Lennox and D. Palmer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 123-140, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.09 --- Structure and geophysics of the Gåsborn granite, central Sweden: an example of fracture-fed asymmetric pluton emplacement / Alexander R. Cruden, Håkan Sjöström and Sven Aaro / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 141-160, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.10 --- Emplacement of the Joshua Flat-Beer Creek Pluton (White Inyo Mountains, California): a story of multiple material transfer processes / Carlo Dietl / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 161-176, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.11 --- Petrology, magnetic fabric and emplacement in a strike-slip regime of a zoned peraluminous granite: the Campanario-La Haba pluton, Spain / A. Alonso Olazabal, M. Carracedo and A. Aranguren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 177-190, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.12 --- Brittle behaviour of granitic magma: the example of Puente del Congosto, Iberian Massif, Spain / Carlos Fernández and Antonio Castro / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 191-206, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.13 --- Origin of megacrysts in granitoids by textural coarsening: a crystal size distribution (CSD) study of microcline in the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California / Michael D. Higgins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 207-219, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.14 --- Movement of melt during synchronous regional deformation and granulite-facies anatexis, an example from the Wuluma Hills, central Australia / E. W. Sawyer, C. Dombrowski and W. J. Collins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 221-237, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.15 --- Partial melting and P-T-t evolution of LP/HT metamorphic terranes: an example from the Svecofennian K-feldspar-poor leucosome migmatite belt, Southern Finland / H. Mouri and K. Korsman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 239-253, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.16 --- Evidence of magmatic hybridization related with feeding zones: the synkinematic Guitiriz granitoid, NW Iberian Massif / M. Menéndez and L. A. Ortega / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 168, 255-272, 1 January 1999, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen may be the most abundant element in the universe, but in science and in nature oxygen has an importance that is disproportionate to its abundance. Human beings tend to take it for granted because it is all around us and we breathe it, but consider the fact that oxygen is so reactive that in a planetary setting it is largely unstable in its elemental state. Were it not for the constant activity of photosynthetic plants and a minor amount of photo dissociation in the upper atmosphere, we would not have an oxygen-bearing atmosphere and we would not be here. Equally, the most important compound of oxygen is water, without which life (in the sense that we know it) could not exist. The role of water in virtually all geologic processes is profound, from formation of ore deposits to igneous petrogenesis to metamorphism to erosion and sedimentation. In planetary science, oxygen has a dual importance. First and foremost is its critical role in so many fundamental Solar System processes. The very nature of the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System would be much different had the oxygen to carbon ratio in the early solar nebula been somewhat lower than it was, because elements such as calcium and iron and titanium would have been locked up during condensation as carbides, sulfides and nitrides and even (in the case of silicon) partly as metals rather than silicates and oxides. Equally, the role of water ice in the evolution of our Solar System is important in the early accretion and growth of the giant planets and especially Jupiter, which exerted a major control over how most of the other planets formed. On a smaller scale, oxygen plays a critical role in the diverse kinds of physical evolution of large rocky planets, because the internal oxidation state strongly influences the formation and evolution of the core, mantle and crust of differentiated planets such as the Earth. Consider that basaltic volcanism may be a nearly universal phenomenon among the evolved terrestrial planets, yet there are basalts and basalts. The basalts of Earth (mostly), Earth's Moon, Vesta (as represented by the HED meteorites) and Mars are all broadly tholeiitic and yet very different from one another, and one of the primary differences is in their relative oxidation states (for that matter, consider the differences between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magma series on Earth). But there is another way that oxygen has proven to be hugely important in planetary science, and that is as a critical scientific clue to processes and conditions and even sources of materials. Understanding the formation and evolution of our Solar System involves reconstructing processes and events that occurred more than 4.5 Ga ago, and for which the only contemporary examples are occurring hundreds of light years away. It is a detective story in which most of the clues come from the laboratory analysis of the products of those ancient processes and events, especially those that have been preserved nearly unchanged since their formation at the Solar System's birth: meteorites; comets; and interplanetary dust particles. For example, the oxidation state of diverse early Solar System materials ranges from highly oxidized (ferric iron) to so reducing that some silicon exists in the metallic state and refractory lithophile elements such as calcium exist occur in sulfides rather than in silicates or carbonates. These variations reflect highly different environments that existed in different places and at different times. Even more crucial has been the use of oxygen 3-isotope variations, which began almost accidentally in 1973 with an attempt to do oxygen isotope thermometry on high-temperature solar nebula grains (Ca-, Al-rich inclusions) but ended with the remarkable discovery (see Clayton 2008) of non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope variations in high-temperature materials from the earliest Solar System. The presolar nebula was found to be very heterogeneous in its isotopic composition, and virtually every different planet and asteroid for which we have samples has a unique oxygen-isotopic fingerprint.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.01 --- New Zealand, North Island Volcanic Province --- John Cassidy, Corinne A. Locke, Craig A. Miller, and David J. Rout: The Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand: geophysical evidence for its eruption history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.02 --- Teresa M. Giles, Rewi M. Newnham, David J. Lowe, and Adam J. Munro: Impact of tephra fall and environmental change: a 1000 year record from Matakana Island, Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.03 --- Rewi M. Newnham, David J. Lowe, and Brent V. Alloway: Volcanic hazards in Auckland, New Zealand: a preliminary assessment of the threat posed by central North Island silicic volcanism based on the Quaternary tephrostratigraphical record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.04 --- East African Rift Valley and the Mediterranean --- Stuart C. Scott and Ian P. Skilling: The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:47-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.05 --- J. C. Hardiman: Deep sea tephra from Nisyros Island, eastern Aegean Sea, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:69-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.06 --- S. Vinciguerra, S. Garozzo, A. Montalto, and G. Patanè: Eruptive and seismic activity at Etna Volcano (Italy) between 1977 and 1991 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:89-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.07 --- Late Quaternary eruptions in Iceland --- John Grattan, David Gilbertson, and Daniel Charman: Modelling the impact of Icelandic volcanic eruptions upon the prehistoric societies and environment of northern and western Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:109-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.08 --- Silvia Gonzalez, Jennifer M. Jones, and David L. Williams: Characterization of tephras using magnetic properties: an example from SE Iceland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:125-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.09 --- Daniel J. Charman and John Grattan: An assessment of discriminant function analysis in the identification and correlation of distal Icelandic tephras in the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:147-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.10 --- John Grattan and Jon Sadler: Regional warming of the lower atmosphere in the wake of volcanic eruptions: the role of the Laki fissure eruption in the hot summer of 1783 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.11 --- Mark Brayshay and John Grattan: Environmental and social responses in Europe to the 1783 eruption of the Laki fissure volcano in Iceland: a consideration of contemporary documentary evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:173-187, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.12 --- Hazard Assessment --- David K. Chester, Christopher Dibben, Rui Coutinho, Angus M. Duncan, Paul D. Cole, John E. Guest, and Peter J. Baxter: Human adjustments and social vulnerability to volcanic hazards: the case of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Açores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:189-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.13 --- M. C. Solana and A. Aparicio: Reconstruction of the 1706 Montaña Negra eruption. Emergency procedures for Garachico and El Tanque, Tenerife, Canary Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 161:209-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.14

Description / Table of Contents: Richard Metcalfe and Christopher A. Rochelle: Chemical containment of waste in the geosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:vii-xvi, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.01 --- The Place of Chemical Containment in Regulatory Frameworks --- Raymond N. Yong: Overview of partitioning and fate of contaminants: retention, retardation and regulatory requirements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:1-20, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.02 --- E. Frank: Regulatory objectives and safety requirements for the disposal of radioactive wastes in Switzerland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:21-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.03 --- The Chemical Containment Properties of the Deep Geosphere --- David Savage, Randolph C. Arthur, and Shigeyuki Saito: Geochemical factors in the selection and assessment of sites for the deep disposal of radioactive wastes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.04 --- W. R. Alexander and I. G. McKinley: The chemical basis of near-field containment in the Swiss high-level radioactive waste disposal concept / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:47-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.05 --- T. Iwatsuki and H. Yoshida: Characterizing the chemical containment properties of the deep geosphere: water-rock interactions in relation to fracture systems within deep crystalline rock in the Tono area, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:71-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.06 --- Steven A. Banwart, Peter Wikberg, and Ignasi Puigdomenech: Protecting the redox stability of a deep repository: concepts, results and experience from the Äspö hard rock laboratory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:85-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.07 --- J. A. Berry, A. J. Baker, K. A. Bond, M. M. Cowper, N. L. Jefferies, and C. M. Linklater: The role of sorption onto rocks of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group in providing chemical containment for a potential repository at Sellafield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:101-116, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.08 --- C. A. Rochelle, J. M. Pearce, and S. Holloway: The underground sequestration of carbon dioxide: containment by chemical reactions in the deep geosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.09 --- The Role of Chemical Containment in Clay Barriers --- A. J. Spooner and L. Giusti: Geochemical interactions between landfill leachate and sodium bentonite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:131-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.10 --- S. F. Thornton, M. I. Bright, D. N. Lerner, and J. H. Tellam: The geochemical engineering of landfill liners for active containment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:143-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.11 --- E. L. Hurst and S. P. Holmes: Metal retention from landfill leachate by glacial clays: laboratory experiments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:159-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.12 --- L. De Windt, J. Cabrera, and J. Y. Boisson: Radioactive waste containment in indurated shales: comparison between the chemical containment properties of matrix and fractures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:167-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.13 --- The Chemical Containment Properties of Cementitious Engineered Barriers --- K. Bateman, P. Coombs, D. J. Noy, J. M. Pearce, P. Wetton, A. Haworth, and C. Linklater: Experimental simulation of the alkaline disturbed zone around a cementitious radioactive waste repository: numerical modelling and column experiments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:183-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.14 --- Emily S. Hodgkinson and Colin R. Hughes: The mineralogy and geochemistry of cement/rock reactions: high-resolution studies of experimental and analogue materials / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:195-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.15 --- Containment of Metalliferous Wastes --- R. J. Bowell, K. P. Williams, R. J. Connelly, P. J. K. Sadler, and J. E. Dodds: Chemical containment of mine waste / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:213-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.16 --- L. Jared West, D. I. Stewart, J. R. Duxbury, and S. Richard Johnston: Toxic metal mobility and retention at industrially contaminated sites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:241-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.17 --- Investigative Methods --- Shaun Reeder and Mark R. Cave: Evaluation of the containment properties of geological and engineered barriers by pore-water extraction and characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:265-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.18 --- B. R. Plimmer, A. B. Pringle, and S. J. Moncaster: A probabilistic risk assessment methodology for landfills, with particular reference to the representation of chemical containment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 157:275-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.157.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: Uwe Ring, Mark T. Brandon, Sean D. Willett, and Gordon S. Lister: Exhumation processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:1-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.01 --- Subduction-Related Accretionary Wedges (B-type Subduction) --- Richard L. Sedlock: Evaluation of exhumation mechanisms for coherent blueschists in western Baja California, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:29-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.02 --- Uwe Ring and Mark T. Brandon: Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:55-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.03 --- Stuart N. Thomson, Bernhard Stöckhert, and Manfred R. Brix: Miocene high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: rapid exhumation by buoyant escape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.04 --- T. J. Rawling and G. S. Lister: Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:109-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.05 --- R. P. Wintsch, T. Byrne, and M. Toriumi: Exhumation of the Sanbagawa blueschist belt, SW Japan, by lateral flow and extrusion: evidence from structural kinematics and retrograde P-T-t paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:129-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.06 --- Collisional Belts and Intra-Continental Convergence (A-type Subduction) --- Fritz Schlunegger and Sean Willett: Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for exhumation mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:157-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.07 --- Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Jean-Pierre Burg, and Christian Teyssier: Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:181-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.08 --- Andrew T. Calvert, Phillip B. Gans, and Jeffrey M. Amato: Diapiric ascent and cooling of a sillimanite gneiss dome revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology: the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:205-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.09 --- Allen F. Glazner: Exposure of deep, dense rocks: interplay between erosion and sinking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.10 --- J. McL. Miller, R. T. Gregory, D. R. Gray, and D. A. Foster: Geological and geochronological constraints on the exhumation of a high-pressure metamorphic terrane, Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:241-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.11 --- Geoffrey E. Batt, Barry P. Kohn, Jean Braun, Ian McDougall, and Trevor R. Ireland: New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:261-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.12 --- John I. Garver, Mark T. Brandon, Mary Roden-Tice, and Peter J. J. Kamp: Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:283-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.13 --- Lithospheric Extension: Divergent Plate Motions (Rifting) --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Detachment faults in the Aegean core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:305-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.14 --- Laurel B. Goodwin: Controls on pseudotachylyte formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.15 --- David A. Foster and Barbara E. John: Quantifying tectonic exhumation in an extensional orogen with thermochronology: examples from the southern Basin and Range Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:343-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: K. J. W. McCaffrey: Dave Johnston: an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.01 --- Lidia Lonergan, Jamie Wilkinson, and Ken McCaffrey: Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.02 --- Fracture Populations --- S. Roberts, D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel: Fractal analysis and percolation properties of veins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.03 --- Julia F. W. Stowell, Adrian P. Watson, and Neil F. C. Hudson: Geometry and population systematics of a quartz vein set, Holy Island, Anglesey, North Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.04 --- P. A. Gillespie, J. D. Johnston, M. A. Loriga, K. J. W. McCaffrey, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson: Influence of layering on vein systematics in line samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:35-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.05 --- Maria Antonietta Loriga: Scaling systematics of vein size: an example from the Guanajuato mining district (Central Mexico) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:57-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.06 --- Fluid Flow and Fracture Systems --- David J. Sanderson and Xing Zhang: Critical stress localization of flow associated with deformation of well-fractured rock masses, with implications for mineral deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:69-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.07 --- Mark A. Jones, Alec B. Pringle, Iain M. Fulton, and Shane O’Neill: Discrete fracture network modelling applied to groundwater resource exploitation in southwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:83-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.08 --- Peter Connolly and John Cosgrove: Prediction of static and dynamic fluid pathways within and around dilational jogs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:105-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.09 --- Structural Controls on Mineralization --- Stephen F. Cox: Deformational controls on the dynamics of fluid flow in mesothermal gold systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:123-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.10 --- Tom G. Blenkinsop and David J. Sanderson: Are gold deposits in the crust fractals? A study of gold mines in the Zimbabwe craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.11 --- S. J. Jolley, I. H. C. Henderson, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. P. C. Fox: Thrust-fracture network and hydrothermal gold mineralization: Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:153-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.12 --- Piergiorgio Rossetti and Fabrizio Colombo: Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato (Caldas, Colombia): field and petrographical data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.13 --- Yannick Branquet, Alain Cheilletz, Gaston Giuliani, Bernard Laumonier, and Oscar Blanco: Fluidized hydrothermal breccia in dilatant faults during thrusting: the Colombian emerald deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.14 --- M. A. N. Brown, R. J. H. Jolly, W. Stone, and M. P. Coward: Nickel ore troughs in Archaean volcanic rocks, Kambalda, Western Australia: indicators of early extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.15 --- I. R. Colke, J. Craig, and D. J. Blundell: Structural controls on the hydrocarbon and mineral deposits within the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:213-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.16 --- Irish Zn/Pb Deposits: Structure and Fluid Flow --- Murray W. Hitzman: Extensional faults that localize Irish syndiagenetic Zn-Pb Deposits and their reactivation during Variscan compression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.17 --- C. E. Everett, J. J. Wilkinson, and D. M. Rye: Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks of Ireland: implications for the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:247-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.18 --- Helen Lewis and Gary D. Couples: Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland — simulation of structural controls on mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:277-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.19 --- G. D. Sevastopulo and P. Redmond: Age of mineralization of carbonate-hosted, base metal deposits in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:303-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.20 --- B. M. O’Reilly, P. W. Readman, and T. Murphy: Gravity lineaments and Carboniferous-hosted base metal deposits of the Irish Midlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:313-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: B. Durand and L. Jolivet: Foreword / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.01 --- L. Jolivet, D. Frizon de Lamotte, A. Mascle, and M. Séranne: The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen — an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:1-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.02 --- Western Mediterranean --- Michel Séranne: The Gulf of Lion continental margin (NW Mediterranean) revisited by IBS: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:15-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.03 --- N. Chamot-Rooke, J.-M. Gaulier, and F. Jestin: Constraints on Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Liguro-Provençal basin from a 3D gravity inversion: geodynamic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:37-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.04 --- J. Vergés and F. Sàbat: Constraints on the Neogene Mediterranean kinematic evolution along a 1000 km transect from Iberia to Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:63-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.05 --- A. Benedicto, M. Séguret, and P. Labaume: Interaction between faulting, drainage and sedimentation in extensional hanging-wall syncline basins: example of the Oligocene Matelles basin (Gulf of Lion rifted margin, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:81-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.06 --- H. P. Zeck: Alpine plate kinematics in the western Mediterranean: a westward-directed subduction regime followed by slab roll-back and slab detachment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:109-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.07 --- Alain Mascle and Roland Vially: The petroleum systems of the Southeast Basin and Gulf of Lion (France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:121-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.08 --- Marjorie Wilson and Gianluca Bianchini: Tertiary-Quaternary magmatism within the Mediterranean and surrounding regions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:141-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.09 --- A. Mauffret and I. Contrucci: Crustal structure of the North Tyrrhenian Sea: first result of the multichannel seismic LISA cruise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:169-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.10 --- Pannonian Basin --- Frank Horváth and Gábor Tari: IBS Pannonian Basin project: a review of the main results and their bearings on hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:195-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.11 --- Gábor Tari, Péter Dövényi, István Dunkl, Frank Horváth, László Lenkey, Mihai Stefanescu, Péter Szafián, and Tamás Tóth: Lithospheric structure of the Pannonian basin derived from seismic, gravity and geothermal data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:215-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.12 --- István Györfi, László Csontos, and András Nagymarosy: Early Tertiary structural evolution of the border zone between the Pannonian and Transylvanian Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:251-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.13 --- P. Gerner, G. Bada, P. Dövényi, B. Müller, M. C. Oncescu, S. Cloetingh, and F. Horváth: Recent tectonic stress and crustal deformation in and around the Pannonian Basin: data and models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:269-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.14 --- László Fodor, László Csontos, Gábor Bada, István Györfi, and László Benkovics: Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Pannonian Basin system and neighbouring orogens: a new synthesis of palaeostress data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:295-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.15 --- E. Juhász, L. Phillips, P. Müller, B. Ricketts, Á. Tóth-Makk, M. Lantos, and L. Ó. Kovács: Late Neogene sedimentary facies and sequences in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:335-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.16 --- Marco Sacchi, Frank Horváth, and Orsolya Magyari: Role of unconformity-bounded units in the stratigraphy of the continental record: a case study from the Late Miocene of the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:357-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.17 --- R. T. Van Balen, L. Lenkey, F. Horváth, and S. A. P. L. Cloetingh: Two-dimensional modelling of stratigraphy and compaction-driven fluid flow in the Pannonian Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:391-414, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.18 --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Denis Hatzfeld: The present-day tectonics of the Aegean as deduced from seismicity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:415-426, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.19 --- L. Jolivet and M. Patriat: Ductile extension and the formation of the Aegean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:427-456, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.20 --- A. L. W. Lips, J. R. Wijbrans, and S. H. White: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe dating of white mica fabrics from the Pelion Massif, Pelagonian Zone, Internal Hellenides, Greece: implications for the timing of metamorphic episodes and tectonic events in the Aegean region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:457-474, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.21 --- Aral I. Okay and Okan Tüysüz: Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:475-515, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.22 --- General --- P. A. Ziegler and F. Roure: Petroleum systems of Alpine-Mediterranean foldbelts and basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:517-540, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.23 --- C. Doglioni, E. Gueguen, P. Harabaglia, and F. Mongelli: On the origin of west-directed subduction zones and applications to the western Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:541-561, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Donald B. Mcintyre: James Hutton’s Edinburgh: a précis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.01 --- Don L. Anderson: A theory of the Earth: Hutton and Humpty Dumpty and Holmes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:13-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.02 --- Peter J. Wyllie: Hot little crucibles are pressured to reveal and calibrate igneous processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:37-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.03 --- Werner Schreyer: High-pressure experiments and the varying depths of rock metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:59-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.04 --- Andrew J. Watson: Coevolution of the Earth’s environment and life: Goldilocks, Gaia and the anthropic principle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:75-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.05 --- Ursula B. Marvin: Impacts from space: the implications for uniformitarian geology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:89-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.06 --- Ian W. D. Dalziel: Vestiges of a beginning and the prospect of an end / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:119-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.07 --- S. K. Monro and A. J. Crosbie: The Dynamic Earth project and the next millennium / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:157-167, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.08 --- Robert H. Dott, Jr: Closing remarks for the Hutton bicentenary, Edinburgh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:169-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.09 --- Dennis R. Dean: Hutton Scholarship, 1992–1997 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 150:175-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.150.01.10

Description / Table of Contents: R. W. Jones and M. D. Simmons: Preface and Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.01 --- S. N. J. Payne, D. F. Ewen, and M. J. Bowman: The role and value of ‘high-impact biostratigraphy’ in reservoir appraisal and development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:5-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.02 --- S. Duxbury, D. Kadolsky, and S. Johansen: Sequence stratigraphic subdivision of the Humber Group in the Outer Moray Firth area (UKCS, North Sea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:23-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.03 --- P. H. Morris, S. N. J. Payne, and D. P. J. Richards: Micropalaeontological biostratigraphy of the Magnus Sandstone Member (Kimmeridgian-Early Volgian), Magnus Field, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:55-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.04 --- D. J. Shipp: Well-site biostratigraphy of Danish horizontal wells / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:75-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.05 --- J. A. Bergen and P. J. Sikora: Microfossil diachronism in southern Norwegian North Sea chalks: Valhall and Hod fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:85-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.06 --- P. J. Sikora, J. A. Bergen, and C. L. Farmer: Chalk palaeoenvironments and depositional model, Valhall-Hod fields, southern Norwegian North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:113-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.07 --- M. D. Bidgood, A. G. Mitlehner, G. D. Jones, and D. J. Jutson: Towards a stable and agreed nomenclature for North Sea Tertiary diatom floras — the ‘Coscinodiscus’ problem / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.08 --- N. A. Holmes: The Andrew Formation and ‘biosteering’ — different reservoirs, different approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:155-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.09 --- G. Mangerud, T. Dreyer, L. Søyseth, O. Martinsen, and A. Ryseth: High-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence development of the Palaeocene succession, Grane Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:167-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.10 --- R. W. Jones: Forties Field (North Sea) revisited: a demonstration of the value of historical micropalaeontological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:185-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.11 --- D. McLean and S. J. Davies: Constraints on the application of palynology to the correlation of Euramerican Late Carboniferous clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:201-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.12 --- M. D. Simmons, M. D. Bidgood, P. Brenac, P. D. Crevello, J. J. Lambiase, and C. K. Morley: Microfossil assemblages as proxies for precise palaeoenvironmental determination — an example from Miocene sediments of northwest Borneo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:219-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.13 --- R. W. Jones, N. E. Jones, A. D. King, and D. Shaw: Reservoir biostratigraphy of the Pedernales Field, Venezuela / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:243-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.14 --- J. M. Armentrout, L. B. Fearn, K. Rodgers, S. Root, W. D. Lyle, D. C. Herrick, R. B. Bloch, J. W. Snedden, and B. Nwankwo: High-resolution sequence biostratigraphy of a lowstand prograding deltaic wedge: Oso Field (late Miocene), Nigeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:259-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.15 --- C. J. Van Der Zwan and W. A. Brugman: Biosignals from the EA Field, Nigeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:291-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.16 --- B. J. O’Neill, A. E. DuVernay, and R. A. George: Applied palaeontology: a critical stratigraphic tool in Gulf of Mexico exploration and exploitation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:303-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: John R. Underhill and Robert Stoneley: Introduction to the development, evolution and petroleum geology of the Wessex Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.01 --- Hydrocarbon Habitat --- James G. Buchanan: The exploration history and controls on hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Wessex basins, southern England, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:19-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.02 --- P. W. Hawkes, A. J. Fraser, and C. C. G. Einchcomb: The tectono-stratigraphic development and exploration history of the Weald and Wessex basins, Southern England, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:39-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.03 --- Malcolm Butler: The geological history of the southern Wessex Basin — a review of new information from oil exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.04 --- Stratigraphic Syntheses --- Nigel R. Ainsworth, William Braham, F. John Gregory, Ben Johnson, and Christopher King: A proposed latest Triassic to earliest Cretaceous microfossil biozonation for the English Channel and its adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.05 --- Nigel R. Ainsworth, William Braham, F. John Gregory, Ben Johnson, and Christopher King: The lithostratigraphy of the latest Triassic to earliest Cretaceous of the English Channel and its adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:103-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.06 --- David C. Cole and Ian C. Harding: Use of palynofacies analysis to define Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) genetic stratigraphic sequences in the Wessex Basin, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:165-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.07 --- Regional Studies --- Adam Law: Regional uplift in the English Channel: quantification using sonic velocity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:187-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.08 --- Richard J. Bray, Ian R. Duddy, and Paul F. Green: Multiple heating episodes in the Wessex Basin: implications for geological evolution and hydrocarbon generation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.09 --- Neil A. McMahon and Jonathan Turner: The documentation of a latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous uplift throughout southern England and adjacent offshore areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:215-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.10 --- Structural Studies --- Michael J. Harvey and Simon A. Stewart: Influence of salt on the structural evolution of the Channel Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:241-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.11 --- C. Smith and I. R. Hatton: Inversion tectonics in the Lyme Bay-West Dorset area of the Wessex Basin, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:267-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.12 --- H. S. Beeley and M. G. Norton: The structural development of the Central English Channel High — constraints from section restoration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:283-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.13 --- R. Hunsdale, D. J. Sanderson, and R. Hunsdale: Fault size distribution analysis — an example from Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:299-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.14 --- M. Miliorizos and A. Ruffell: Kinematics of the Watchet-Cothelstone-Hatch Fault System: implications for the fault history of the Wessex Basin and adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:311-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.15 --- Sedimentological Advances --- A. Ruffell: Tectonic accentuation of sequence boundaries: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:331-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.16 --- Stephen P. Hesselbo: Basal Wealden of Mupe Bay: a new model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:349-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.17 --- R. Goldring, T. R. Astin, J. E. A. Marshall, S. Gabbott, and C. D. Jenkins: Towards an integrated study of the depositional environment of the Bencliff Grit (Upper Jurassic) of Dorset / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:355-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.18 --- Petroleum Geochemistry --- M. Ashley Bigge and Paul Farrimond: Biodegradation of seep oils in the Wessex Basin — a complication for correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:373-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.19 --- M. A. Parfitt and P. Farrimond: The Mupe Bay oil seep: a detailed organic geochemical study of a controversial outcrop / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:387-397, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.20 --- Oil Field Case Histories --- T. McKie, J. Aggett, and A. J. C. Hogg: Reservoir architecture of the upper Sherwood Sandstone, Wytch Farm field, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:399-406, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.21 --- Jonathan Evans, David Jenkins, and Jon Gluyas: The Kimmeridge Bay oilfield: an enigma demystified / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:407-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: Duncan S. Macgregor: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.01 --- Palaeozoic and Sub-Salt Regional Papers --- David R. D. Boote, Daniel D. Clark-Lowes, and Marc W. Traut: Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:7-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.02 --- Marc W. Traut, David R. D. Boote, and Daniel D. Clark-Lowes: Exploration history of the Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:69-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.03 --- Duncan S. Macgregor: Giant fields, petroleum systems and exploration maturity of Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.04 --- B. Fekirine and H. Abdallah: Palaeozoic lithofacies correlatives and sequence stratigraphy of the Saharan Platform, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:97-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.05 --- K. Echikh: Geology and hydrocarbon occurrences in the Ghadames Basin, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:109-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.06 --- Paul Logan and Ian Duddy: An investigation of the thermal history of the Ahnet and Reggane Basins, Central Algeria, and the consequences for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:131-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.07 --- Palaeozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- Rob Crossley and Neil McDougall: Lower Palaeozoic reservoirs of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:157-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.08 --- Mohamed Robert Djarnia and Berrached Fekirine: Sedimentological and diagenetic controls on Cambro-Ordovician reservoir quality in the southern Hassi Messaoud area (Saharan Platform, Algeria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:167-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.09 --- N. Alem, S. Assassi, S. Benhebouche, and B. Kadi: Controls on hydrocarbon occurrence and productivity in the F6 reservoir, Tin Fouyé-Tabankort area, NW Illizi Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.10 --- Rabah Chaouchi, M. S. Malla, and F. Kechou: Sedimentological evolution of the Givetian-Eifelian (F3) sand bar of the West Alrar field, Illizi Basin, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:187-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.11 --- Mesozoic-Cenozoic Regional Papers --- Duncan S. Macgregor and Richard T. J. Moody: Mesozoic and Cenozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.12 --- R. Guiraud: Mesozoic rifting and basin inversion along the northern African Tethyan margin: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:217-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.13 --- M. Wilson, R. Guiraud, C. Moreau, and Y. J.-C. Bellion: Late Permian to Recent magmatic activity on the African-Arabian margin of Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:231-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.14 --- M. L. Keeley and M. S. Massoud: Tectonic controls on the petroleum geology of NE Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:265-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.15 --- Al Moundir Morabet, Rabah Bouchta, and Haddou Jabour: An overview of the petroleum systems of Morocco / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.16 --- Moesozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- S. M. Richardson, N. Vivian, R. J. Cook, M. Wilkes, and H. Hussein: Application of fault seal analysis techniques in the Western Desert, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:297-315, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.17 --- Rutger Gras and Bindra Thusu: Trap architecture of the Early Cretaceous Sarir Sandstone in the eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:317-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.18 --- D. Spring and O. P. Hansen: The influence of platform morphology and sea level on the development of a carbonate sequence: the Harash Formation, Eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:335-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.19 --- R. G. Loucks, R. T. J. Moody, J. K. Bellis, and A. A. Brown: Regional depositional setting and pore network systems of the El Garia Formation (Metlaoui Group, Lower Eocene), offshore Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:355-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.20 --- A. Zaïer, A. Beji-Sassi, S. Sassi, and R. T. J. Moody: Basin evolution and deposition during the Early Paleogene in Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.21 --- The Atlas Fold Belt --- R. Bracène, A. Bellahcène, D. Bekkouche, E. Mercier, and D. Frizon de Lamotte: The thin-skinned style of the South Atlas Front in Central Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:395-404, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.22 --- Mark A. Morgan, John Grocott, and Richard T. J. Moody: The structural evolution of the Zaghouan-Ressas Structural Belt, northern Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:405-422, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.23 --- Karim Mekireche, Nordine Sabaou, and Reda-Samy Zazoun: Critical factors in the exploration of an Atlas intramontane basin; the Western Hodna Basin of northern Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:423-432, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: A. Cramp, C. J. MacLeod, S. V. Lee, and E. J. W. Jones: Introduction: recent results from the Ocean Drilling Program / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:vii-xi, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.01 --- Palaeoceanographic Issues --- T. J. S. Sykes, J.-Y. Royer, A. T. S. Ramsay, and R. B. Kidd: Southern hemisphere palaeobathymetry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:1-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.02 --- T. J. S. Sykes, A. T. S. Ramsay, and R. B. Kidd: Southern hemisphere Miocene bottom-water circulation: a palaeobathymetric analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:43-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.03 --- Anthony T. S. Ramsay, Christopher W. Smart, and James C. Zachos: A Model of early to middle Miocene Deep Ocean circulation for the Atlantic and Indian Oceans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:55-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.04 --- Jochen Erbacher and Jürgen Thurow: Mid-Cretaceous radiolarian zonation for the North Atlantic: an example of oceanographically controlled evolutionary processes in the marine biosphere? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:71-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.05 --- Simon K. Haslett and Brian M. Funnell: Low-latitude Plio-Pleistocene temporal abundance variations in the radiolarian Cycladophora davisiana Ehrenberg: stratigraphic and palaeoceanographic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:83-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.06 --- M. Maslin, M. Sarnthein, J.-J. Knaack, P. Grootes, and C. Tzedakis: Intra-interglacial cold events: an Eemian-Holocene comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:91-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.07 --- Michael Schaaf and Jürgen Thurow: Two 30 000 year high-resolution greyvalue time series from the Santa Barbara Basin and the Guaymas Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:101-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.08 --- Mark Maslin: Equatorial western Atlantic Ocean circulation changes linked to the Heinrich events: deep-sea sediment evidence from the Amazon Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:111-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.09 --- Mark Maslin and Naja Mikkelsen: Timing of the late Quaternary Amazon Fan Complex masstransport deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:129-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.10 --- Stephen F. Crowley, Dorrik A. V. Stow, and Ian W. Croudace: Mineralogy and geochemistry of Bay of Bengal deep-sea fan sediments, ODP Leg 116: evidence for an Indian subcontinent contribution to distal fan sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:151-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.11 --- Structural, Tectonic and Sedimentary Issues --- Yildirim Dilek: Structure and Tectonics of Intermediate-Spread Oceanic Crust Drilled at DSDP/ODP Holes 504B and 896A, Costa Rica Rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:177-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.12 --- Neil C. Mitchell: Sediment accumulation rates from Deep Tow profiler records and DSDP Leg 70 cores over the Galapagos spreading centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:199-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.13 --- R. G. Rothwell: Sedimentary evidence relating to the tectonic evolution of the Lau Basin, SW Pacific, from ODP Sites 834–839 (ODP Leg 135) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:211-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.14 --- Richard A. Hodkinson and David S. Cronan: Hydrothermal inputs at ODP Sites 836, 837, 838 and 839 in relation to Eastern Lau Spreading Centre propagation in the Lau Basin, southwest Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:231-242, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.15 --- A. H. F. Robertson, K.-C. Emeis, C. Richter, M.-M. Blanc-Valleron, I. Bouloubassi, H-J. Brumsack, A. Cramp, G. J. Di Stefano, R. Flecker, E. Frankel, M. W. Howell, T. R. Janecek, M.-J. Jurado, A. E. S. Kemp, I. Koizumi, A. Kopf, C. O. Major, Y. Mart, D. F. C. Pribnow, A. Rabaute, A. P. Roberts, J. Rullkötter, T. Sakamoto, S. Spezzaferri, T. S. Staerker, J. S. Stoner, B. M. Whiting, and J. M. Woodside: Collision-related break-up of a carbonate platform (Eratosthenes Seamount) and mud volcanism on the Mediterranean Ridge: preliminary synthesis and implications of tectonic results of ODP Leg 160 in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:243-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.16 --- Jane L. Alexander: Rare earth element anomalies in the Nankai accretionary prism, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:273-285, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.17 --- M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, T. S. Brewer, C. Williams, P. D. Jackson, and G. Williamson: Application of FMS images in the Ocean Drilling Program: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:287-303, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.18 --- Yir-Der E. Lee and T. J. G. Francis: A statistical study of hydraulic piston coring, ODP Legs 101–149 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:305-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.19 --- Erratum --- Erratum: Mid-Cretaceous radiolarian zonation for the North Atlantic: an example of oceanographically controlled evolutionary processes in the marine biosphere? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 131:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.131.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: N. S. Robins: Recharge: the key to groundwater pollution and aquifer vulnerability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.01 --- S. S. D. Foster: Groundwater recharge and pollution vulnerability of British aquifers: a critical overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:7-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.02 --- A. R. Green, N. A. Feast, K. M. Hiscock, and P. F. Dennis: Identification of the source and fate of nitrate contamination of the Jersey bedrock aquifer using stable nitrogen isotopes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:23-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.03 --- Rob Sears: The British Nuclear Fuels Drigg low-level waste site characterization programme / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:37-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.04 --- I. H. Mühlherr, K. M. Hiscock, P. F. Dennis, and N. A. Feast: Changes in groundwater chemistry due to rising groundwater levels in the London Basin between 1963 and 1994 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.05 --- William J. Gabriel, John M. Mason, and Paul F. Gottler: Groundwater resource development and protection considerations for the Ogallala Formation in Ogallala, Nebraska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:63-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.06 --- B. Adams and A. M. Macdonald: Aquifer susceptibility to side-effects of groundwater exploitation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:71-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.07 --- Robert J. McDonald, Nicholas R.W. Russill, Marios Miliorizos, and Jonathan W. Thomas: A geophysical investigation of saline intrusion and geological structure beneath areas of tidal coastal wetland at Langstone Harbour, Hampshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:77-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.08 --- A. M. MacDonald, L. J. Brewerton, and D. J. Allen: Evidence for rapid groundwater flow and karst-type behaviour in the Chalk of southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:95-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.09 --- I. Simmers: Groundwater recharge: an overview of estimation ‘problems’ and recent developments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:107-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.10 --- H. K. Jones and J. D. Cooper: Water transport through the unsaturated zone of the Middle Chalk: a case study from Fleam Dyke lysimeter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:117-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.11 --- R. W. N. Soley and J. A. Heathcote: Recharge through the drift: a study of contrasting Chalk catchments near Redgrave Fen, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:129-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.12 --- J. R. Blackie, H. A. Houghton-Carr, M. P. McCartney, and J. P. Moores: Estimation of groundwater recharge on Jersey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.13 --- P. J. Chilton, M. E. Stuart, O. Escolero, R. J. Marks, A. González, and C. J. Milne: Groundwater recharge and pollutant transport beneath wastewater irrigation: the case of León, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.14 --- A. M. Alderwish and J. Dottridge: Recharge components in a semi-arid area: the Sana’a Basin, Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:169-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.15 --- Donal Daly and William P. Warren: Mapping groundwater vulnerability: the Irish perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:179-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.16 --- R. C. Palmer and M. A. Lewis: Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in England and Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:191-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.17 --- D. B. Burgess and S. W. Fletcher: Methods used to delineate groundwater source protection zones in England and Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:199-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.18 --- John Mather, Dawn Halliday, and Jeremy Joseph: Is all groundwater worth protecting? The example of the Kellaways Sand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 130:211-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.130.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: C. F. Mills: Geochemical aspects of the aetiology of trace element related diseases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.01 --- J. A. Plant, J. W. Baldock, and B. Smith: The role of geochemistry in environmental and epidemiological studies in developing countries: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:7-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.02 --- F. M. Fordyce, D. Masara, and J. D. Appleton: Stream sediment, soil and forage chemistry as indicators of cattle mineral status in northeast Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:23-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.03 --- I. O. Jumba, N. F. Suttle, E. A. Hunter, and S. O. Wandiga: Effects of botanical composition, soil origin and composition on mineral concentrations in dry season pastures in western Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:39-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.04 --- John Maskall and Iain Thornton: The distribution of trace and major elements in Kenyan soil profiles and implications for wildlife nutrition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.05 --- R. J. Bowell, A. Warren, and I. Redmond: Formation of cave salts and utilization by elephants in the Mount Elgon region, Kenya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:63-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.06 --- O. Selinus, A. Frank, and V. Galgan: Biogeochemistry and metal biology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:81-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.07 --- W. M. Edmunds and P. L. Smedley: Groundwater geochemistry and health: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:91-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.08 --- R. J. Bowell, S. McEldowney, A. Warren, B. Mathew, and M. Bwankuzo: Biogeochemical factors affecting groundwater quality in central Tanzania / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:107-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.09 --- C. B. Dissanayake: Water quality and dental health in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:131-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.10 --- B. Smith, N. Breward, M. B. Crawford, D. Galimaka, S. M. Mushiri, and S. Reeder: The environmental geochemistry of aluminium in tropical terrains and its implications to health / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:141-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.11 --- Iain Thornton: Sources and pathways of arsenic in the geochemical environment: health implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:153-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.12 --- P. L. Smedley, W. M. Edmunds, and K. B. Pelig-Ba: Mobility of arsenic in groundwater in the Obuasi gold-mining area of Ghana: some implications for human health / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:163-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.13 --- E. Helios Rybicka: Environmental impact of mining and smelting industries in Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:183-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.14 --- Keith Nicholson: Lacustrine sediment geochemistry as a tool in retrospective environmental impact assessment of mining and urban development in tropical environments: examples from Papua New Guinea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:195-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.15 --- Ron Fuge: Geochemistry of iodine in relation to iodine deficiency diseases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:201-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.16 --- C. B. Dissanayake and R. L. R. Chandrajith: Iodine in the environment and endemic goitre in Sri Lanka / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:213-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.17 --- A. G. Stewart and P. O. D. Pharoah: Clinical and epidemiological correlates of iodine deficiency disorders / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:223-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.18 --- M. G. Nair, S. M. Maxwell, and B. J. Brabin: The protective role of trace elements in preventing aflatoxin induced damage: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:231-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.19 --- R. A. Nicholson, P. D. Roberts, and P. J. Baxter: Preliminary studies of acid and gas contamination at Poas volcano, Costa Rica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:239-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.20 --- M. A. Oliver: Kriging: a method of estimation for environmental and rare disease data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:245-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.21 --- R. Harvey, J. J. Powell, and R. P. H. Thompson: A review of the geochemical factors linked to podoconiosis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113:255-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.113.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: D. B. Snyder, S. B. Lucas, and J. H. McBride: Crustal and mantle reflectors from Palaeoproterozoic orogens and their relation to arc-continent collisions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:1-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.01 --- H. R. Rollinson: Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite magmatism and the genesis of Lewisian crust during the Archaean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:25-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.02 --- A. Vrevsky, R. Krimsky, and S. Svetov: Rare earth and isotopic (Nd, O) heterogeneity of the Archaean mantle, Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:43-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.03 --- E. V. Bibikova, T. Skiöld, and S. V. Bogdanova: Age and geodynamic aspects of the oldest rocks in the Precambrian Belomorian Belt of the Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:55-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.04 --- S. V. Bogdanova: High-grade metamorphism of 2.45–2.4 Ga age in mafic intrusions of the Belomorian Belt in the northeastern Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:69-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.05 --- Martin J. Van Kranendonk and Richard J. Wardle: Burwell domain of the Palaeoproterozoic Torngat Orogen, northeastern Canada: tilted cross-section of a magmatic are caught between a rock and a hard place / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:91-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.06 --- Toby Rivers, Flemming Mengel, David J. Scott, Lisa M. Campbell, and Normand Goulet: Torngat Orogen — a Palaeoproterozoic example of a narrow doubly vergent collisional orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:117-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.07 --- R. J. Wardle and M. J. Van Kranendonk: The Palaeoproterozoic Southeastern Churchill Province of Labrador-Quebec, Canada: orogenic development as a consequence of oblique collision and indentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:137-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.08 --- Andrew Kerr, Bruce Ryan, Charles F. Gower, Richard J. Wardle, and Andrew Kerr: The Makkovik Province: extension of the Ketilidian Mobile Belt in mainland North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:155-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.09 --- B. Chadwick and A. A. Garde: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:179-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.10 --- Charles F. Gower: The evolution of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:197-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.11 --- Ian C. Starmer: Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the North Atlantic supercontinent, 1700-950 Ma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:219-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.12 --- A. Wikström, T. Skiöld, and B. Öhlander: The relationship between 1.88 Ga old magmatism and the Baltic-Bothnian shear zone in northern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.13 --- J. N. Connelly and K-I. Åhäll: The Mesoproterozoic cratonization of Baltica — new age constraints from SW Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.14 --- J. F. Menuge and T. S. Brewer: Mesoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:275-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.15 --- J. N. Connelly, J. Berglund, and S. Å. Larson: Thermotectonic evolution of the Eastern Segment of southwestern Sweden: tectonic constraints from U-Pb geochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.16 --- Laurence M. Page, Michael B. Stephens, and Carl-Henric Wahlgren: 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian Orogen, south-central Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:315-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.17 --- S. Mertanen, L. J. Pesonen, and H. Huhma: Palaeomagnetism and Sm-Nd ages of the Neoproterozoic diabase dykes in Laanila and Kautokeino, northern Fennoscandia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:331-358, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.18 --- Trevor F. Emmett: The provenance of pre-Scandian continental flakes within the Caledonide Orogen of south-central Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:359-366, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.19 --- W. R. Fitches, N. J. G. Pearce, J. A. Evans, and R. J. Muir: Provenance of late Proterozoic Dalradian tillite clasts, Inner Hebrides, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:367-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: D. A. Nieuwland and P. G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.01 --- Seismic Interpretation --- T. R. Horscroft and J. E. Bain: Validation of seismic data processing and interpretation with integration of gravity and magnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:5-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.02 --- G. Pickering, J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson: Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.03 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. Childs, and A. Nicol: Ductile strain effects in the analysis of seismic interpretations of normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.04 --- Palinspastic Reconstruction and Forward Modelling --- James G. Buchanan: The application of cross-section construction and validation within exploration and production: a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.05 --- Mike P. Coward: Balancing sections through inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:51-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.06 --- Richard H. Groshong, Jr: Construction and validation of extensional cross sections using lost area and strain, with application to the Rhine Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:79-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.07 --- T. A. Hauge and G. G. Gray: A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.08 --- Kevin C. Hill and Gareth T. Cooper: A strategy for palinspastic restoration of inverted basins: thermal and structural analyses in SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:99-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.09 --- C. K. Morley: Discussion of potential errors in fault heave methods for extension estimates in rifts, with particular reference to fractal fault populations and inherited fabrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.10 --- A. G. Skuce: Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.11 --- Mark G. Rowan: Benefits and limitations of section restoration in areas of extensional salt tectonics: an example from offshore Louisiana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:147-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.12 --- Fault Populations and Geometric Analyses --- Joseph A. Cartwright, Chris Mansfield, and Bruce Trudgill: The growth of normal faults by segment linkage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:163-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.13 --- Hugh G. Kerr and Nicky White: Kinematic modelling of normal fault geometries using inverse theory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:179-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.14 --- D. T. Needham, G. Yielding, and B. Freeman: Analysis of fault geometry and displacement patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:189-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.15 --- Analogue Modelling --- K. R. McClay: Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:201-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.16 --- Mark Verschuren, Dick Nieuwland, and Jim Gast: Multiple detachment levels in thrust tectonics: Sandbox experiments and palinspastic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:227-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.17 --- Mathematical Modelling --- J. D. Barnichon and R. Charlier: Finite element modelling of the competition between shear bands in the early stages of thrusting: Strain localization analysis and constitutive law influence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:235-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.18 --- F. Beekman, J. M. Bull, S. Cloetingh, and R. A. Scrutton: Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:251-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.19 --- Stuart Hardy, Josep Poblet, Ken McClay, and Dave Waltham: Mathematical modelling of growth strata associated with fault-related fold structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:265-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20 --- M. Ter Voorde and S. Cloetingh: Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21 --- J. D. Van Wees, S. Cloetingh, and G. de Vicente: The role of pre-existing faults in basin evolution: constraints from 2D finite element and 3D flexure models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:297-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.22 --- Regional Analyses and Remote Sensing --- M. W. Insley, F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley: The use of satellite imagery in the validation and verification of structural interpretations for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan and Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:321-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.23 --- Jonathan P. Turner: Gravity-driven nappes and their relation to palaeobathymetry: examples from West Africa and Cardigan Bay, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Jeremy R. A. Giles: The what, why, when, how, where and who of geological data management / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.01 --- Database design --- Ken Rasmussen: An overview of database analysis and design for geological systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:5-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.02 --- K. J. Chew: Data modelling a general-purpose petroleum geological database / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.03 --- J. S. Coats and J. R. Harris: Database design in geochemistry: BGS experience / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:25-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.04 --- J. R. A. Giles and K. A. Bain: The nature of data on a geological map / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:33-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.05 --- Michael R. Saunders, John A. Shields, and Michael R. Taylor: Improving the value of geological data: a standardized data model for industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:41-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.06 --- M. Lhotak and M. C. Boulter: Towards the creation of an international database of palaeontology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:55-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.07 --- D. G. Toll and A. J. Oliver: Structuring soil and rock descriptions for storage in geotechnical databases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:65-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.08 --- S. C. R. Mallender: The use of text databases in the management of exploration data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.09 --- Data Management --- D. J. Lowe: The geological data manager: an expanding role to fill a rapidly growing need / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.10 --- Paul R. Duller: The quality assurance of geological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:91-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.11 --- Stephen Henley: Project databases: standards and security / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:97-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.12 --- Roy K. Lowry and Raymond N. Cramer: Database applications supporting Community Research Projects in NERC marine sciences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:103-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.13 --- Roy K. Lowry and Stephen G. Loch: Transfer and SERPLO: powerful data quality control tools developed by the British Oceanographic Data Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:109-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.14 --- R. C. Bowie: Data management in the National Geological Records Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:117-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.15 --- Richard G. Miller and John S. Gardner: Geoscience data value, cost and management in the oil industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:127-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.16 --- Case Studies --- P. Doorgakant: Groundwater level archive for England and Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:137-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.17 --- S. Power, M. Scott, G. Robinson, and I. Statham: Database design and data management on the Swansea-Llanelli Earth Science Mapping Project / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:145-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.18 --- Andrew A. McKenzie: A hydrogeological database for Honduras / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:157-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.19 --- Stephen G. Allen: CD-ROM and its application to the petroleum industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:163-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: R. C. Preece: Introduction - Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.01 --- Brian M. Funnell: Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.02 --- P. L. Gibbard: The formation of the Strait of Dover / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:15-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.03 --- D. R. Bridgland and B. D’Olier: The Pleistocene evolution of the Thames and Rhine drainage systems in the southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.04 --- Andrew G. Bellamy: Extension of the British landmass: evidence from shelf sediment bodies in the English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.05 --- D. H. Keen: Raised beaches and sea-levels in the English Channel in the Middle and Late Pleistocene: problems of interpretation and implications for the isolation of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.06 --- J. D. Scourse and R. M. Austin: Palaeotidal modelling of continental shelves: marine implications of a land-bridge in the Strait of Dover during the Holocene and Middle Pleistocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:75-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.07 --- T. Meijer and R. C. Preece: Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:89-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.08 --- A. J. Stuart: Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:111-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.09 --- Antony J. Sutcliffe: Insularity of the British Isles 250 000–30 000 years ago: the mammalian, including human, evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.10 --- Alan Turner: Evidence for Pleistocene contact between the British Isles and the European Continent based on distributions of larger carnivores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:141-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.11 --- Adrian M. Lister: Sea-levels and the evolution of island endemics: the dwarf red deer of Jersey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:151-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.12 --- K. D. Bennett: Insularity and the Quaternary tree and shrub flora of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:173-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.13 --- Robert J. N. Devoy: Deglaciation, Earth crustal behaviour and sea-level changes in the determination of insularity: a perspective from Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:181-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.14 --- Robin T. R. Wingfield: A model of sea-levels in the Irish and Celtic seas during the end-Pleistocene to Holocene transition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:209-242, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.15 --- P. Coxon and S. Waldren: The floristic record of Ireland’s Pleistocene temperate stages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:243-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Maarten J. De Wit and Andrew Hynes: The onset of interaction between the hydrosphere and oceanic crust, and the origin of the first continental lithosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.01 --- Kenneth A. Eriksson: Crustal growth, surface processes, and atmospheric evolution on the early Earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:11-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.02 --- E. G. Nisbet: Archaean ecology: a review of evidence for the early development of bacterial biomes, and speculations on the development of a global-scale biosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:27-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.03 --- R. M. Shackleton: Tectonic evolution of greenstone belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.04 --- P. Choukroune, H. Bouhallier, and N. T. Arndt: Soft lithosphere during periods of Archaean crustal growth or crustal reworking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.05 --- Peter J. Treloar and Tom G. Blenkinsop: Archaean deformation patterns in Zimbabwe: true indicators of Tibetan-style crustal extrusion or not? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.06 --- James F. Wilson, Robert W. Nesbitt, and C. Mark Fanning: Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.07 --- Alec F. Trendall: Paradigms for the Pilbara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:127-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.08 --- John S. Myers: The generation and assembly of an Archaean supercontinent: evidence from the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:143-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.09 --- D. I. Groves, J. R. Ridley, E. M. J. Bloem, M. Gebre-Mariam, S. G. Hagemann, J. M. A. Hronsky, J. T. Knight, N. J. McNaughton, J. Ojala, R. M. Vielreicher, T. C. McCuaig, and P. W. Holyland: Lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block: products of Late Archaean crustal-scale overpressured hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:155-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.10 --- R. J. Herrington: Late Archaean structure and gold mineralization in the Kadoma region of the Midlands greenstone belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:173-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.11 --- David Bridgwater, Flemming Mengel, Brian Fryer, Paul Wagner, and Søren Claudius Hansen: Early Proterozoic mafic dykes in the North Atlantic and Baltic cratons: field setting and chemistry of distinctive dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:193-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.12 --- R. G. Park: Palaeoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica relationships: a view from the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.13 --- Timothy James Wynn: Deformation in the mid to lower continental crust: analogues from Proterozoic shear zones in NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:225-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.14 --- Mike P. Coward, Richard M. Spencer, and Camille E. Spencer: Development of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:243-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.15 --- R. H. Graham: Asian analogues for Precambrian tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:271-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Adrian Hartley and Jeremy Prosser: Characterization of deep marine clastic systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.01 --- R. Anderton: Sequences, cycles and other nonsense: are submarine fan models any use in reservoir geology? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:5-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.02 --- Shunji Ouchi, Frank G. Ethridge, Edward W. James, and S. A. Schumm: Experimental study of subaqueous fan development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:13-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.03 --- Ben Kneller: Beyond the turbidite paradigm: physical models for deposition of turbidites and their implications for reservoir prediction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:31-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.04 --- Simon R. Hughes, Jan Alexander, and Tim H. Druitt: Anisotropic grain fabric: volcanic and laboratory analogues for turbidites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.05 --- Robert J. Nichols: The liquification and remobilization of sandy sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:63-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.06 --- R. J. Dixon, K. Schofield, R. Anderton, A. D. Reynolds, R. W. S. Alexander, M. C. Williams, and K. G. Davies: Sandstone diapirism and clastic intrusion in the Tertiary submarine fans of the Bruce-Beryl Embayment, Quadrant 9, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:77-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.07 --- Candace M. Brooke, Tim J. Trimble, and Tom A. Mackay: Mounded shallow gas sands from the Quaternary of the North Sea: analogues for the formation of sand mounds in deep water Tertiary sediments? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:95-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.08 --- J. C. Pauley: Sandstone megabeds from the Tertiary of the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:103-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.09 --- Bryan T. Cronin: Structurally-controlled deep sea channel courses: examples from the Miocene of southeast Spain and the Alboran Sea, southwest Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:115-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.10 --- J. R. Browne and D. Pirrie: Sediment dispersal patterns in a deep marine back-arc basin: evidence from heavy mineral provenance studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:137-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.11 --- Ivo Verstralen, Adrian Hartley, and Andrew Hurst: The sedimentological record of a late Jurassic transgression: Rona Member (Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalent), West Shetland Basin, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:155-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.12 --- Roseleen S. Watson, Nigel H. Trewin, and Anthony E. Fallick: The formation of carbonate cements in the Forth and Balmoral Fields, northern North Sea: a case for biodegradation, carbonate cementation and oil leakage during early burial / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:177-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser, M. E. McKeever, A. J. C. Hogg, and A. Hurst: Permeability heterogeneity within massive Jurassic submarine fan sandstones from the Miller Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.14 --- Melissa Johansson and Dorrik A. V. Stow: A classification scheme for shale clasts in deep water sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 94:221-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.094.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Mohammed S. Ameen: Fractography: fracture topography as a tool in fracture mechanics and stress analysis. An introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.01 --- Part 1: Fractographic Studies --- Methods of Observation, Data Collection and Processing/Quantitative Fractography --- Ömer Aydan and Yasuhiro Shimizu: Surface morphology characteristics of rock discontinuities with particular reference to their genesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.02 --- Mark W. Jessell, Simon J. D. Cox, Phillip Schwarze, and William L. Power: The anisotropy of surface roughness measured using a digital photogrammetric technique / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:27-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.03 --- Application of Fractography to Fracture Analysis from Core --- P. Bankwitz and E. Bankwitz: Fractographic features on joints of KTB drill cores (Bavaria, Germany) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:39-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.04 --- Fractography Applied to the Analysis of Experimentally Produced Fractures in Rocks and Non-Rocks --- B. R. Kulander and Stuart L. Dean: Observations on fractography with laboratory experiments for geologists / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:59-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.05 --- C. Butenuth and M. H. de Freitas: The character of rock surfaces formed in Mode I / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:83-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.06 --- Fractography Applied to Fracture Analysis in Field Studies Aimed at Understanding Regional Tectonics --- Mohammed S. Ameen: Fractography and fracture characterization in the Permo-Triassic sandstones and the Lower Palaeozoic Basement, West Cumbria, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:97-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.07 --- Mohammed S. Ameen: Fracture characterization in the Chalk and the evolution of the Thanet monocline, Kent, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:149-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.08 --- John C. Roberts: Fracture surface markings in Liassic limestone at Lavernock Point, South Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.09 --- Part 2: Non-Fractographic Studies --- Miscellaneous Studies of Fractures --- J. W. Cosgrove: The expression of hydraulic fracturing in rocks and sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:187-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.10 --- A. M. Goodwin: Spatial change in joint geometry in the Chalk of eastern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:197-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.11 --- Michael R. Gross, Mark P. Fischer, Terry Engelder, and Roy J. Greenfield: Factors controlling joint spacing in interbedded sedimentary rocks: integrating numerical models with field observations from the Monterey Formation, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 92:215-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.092.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: K. W. Glennie: Permian and Triassic rifting in northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.01 --- M. P. Coward: Structural and tectonic setting of the Permo-Triassic basins of northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:7-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.02 --- A. Carter, A. Yelland, C. Bristow, and A. J. Hurford: Thermal histories of Permian and Triassic basins in Britain derived from fission track analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:41-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.03 --- T. Swiecicki, P. Wilcockson, A. Canham, G. Whelan, and H. Homann: Dating, correlation and stratigraphy of the Triassic sediments in the West Shetlands area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:57-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.04 --- K. Hitchen, M. S. Stoker, D. Evans, and B. Beddoe-Stephens: Permo-Triassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks in basins to the north and west of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.05 --- T. B. Anderson, J. Parnell, and A. H. Ruffell: Influence of basement on the geometry of Permo-Triassic basins in the northwest British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:103-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.06 --- P. J. Goldsmith, B. Rich, and J. Standring: Triassic correlation and stratigraphy in the South Central Graben, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:123-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.07 --- P. A. Griffiths, M. R. Allen, J. Craig, W. R. Fitches, and R. J. Whittington: Distinction between fault and salt control of Mesozoic sedimentation on the southern margin of the Mid-North Sea High / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:145-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.08 --- R. A. Chadwick and D. J. Evans: The timing and direction of Permo-Triassic extension in southern Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:161-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.09 --- A. Ruffell, M. P. Coward, and M. Harvey: Geometry and tectonic evolution of megasequences in the Plymouth Bay Basin, English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:193-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.10 --- P. M. Shannon: Permo-Triassic development of the Celtic Sea region, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:215-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.11 --- M. L. Keeley: New evidence of Permo-Triassic rifting, onshore southern Ireland, and its implications for Variscan structural inheritance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 91:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.091.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: Neal W. Driscoll, John R. Hogg, Nicholas Christie-Blick, and Garry D. Karner: Extensional tectonics in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland: implications for the timing of break-up between Grand Banks and Iberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:1-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.01 --- Iain K. Sinclair: Sequence stratigraphic response to Aptian-Albian rifting in conjugate margin basins: a comparison of the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland, and the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:29-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.02 --- C. C. Ebdon, P. J. Granger, H. D. Johnson, and A. M. Evans: Early Tertiary evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Faeroe-Shetland Basin: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:51-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.03 --- G. Boillot, M. O. Beslier, C. M. Krawczyk, D. Rappin, and T. J. Reston: The formation of passive margins: constraints from the crustal structure and segmentation of the deep Galicia margin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:71-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.04 --- T. J. Reston, C. M. Krawczyk, and H.-J. Hoffmann: Detachment tectonics during Atlantic rifting: analysis and interpretation of the S reflection, the west Galicia margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:93-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.05 --- Liselotte Kiørboe and Steen Agerlin Petersen: Seismic investigation of the Faeroe basalts and their substratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:111-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.06 --- K. Vanneste, J.-P. Henriet, J. Posewang, and F. Theilen: Seismic stratigraphy of the Bill Bailey and Lousy Bank area: implications for subsidence history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.07 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Effect of Eocene-Miocene Compression Structures on Bottom-Water Currents in the Faeroe-Rockall Area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:141-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.08 --- Lars Ole Boldreel and Morten Sparre Andersen: The relationship between the distribution of Tertiary sediments, tectonic processes and deep-water circulation around the Faeroe Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:145-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.09 --- M. S. Stoker: The influence of glacigenic sedimentation on slope-apron development on the continental margin off Northwest Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:159-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.10 --- Regin Waagstein and Claus Heilmann-Clausen: Petrography and biostratigraphy of Palaeogene volcaniclastic sediments dredged from the Faeroes shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:179-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.11 --- E. J. W. Jones, S. C. Cande, and F. Spathopoulos: Evolution of a major oceanographic pathway: the equatorial atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.12 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Tertiary compression structures in the Faeroe-Rockall area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:215-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.13 --- Simon K. Haslett: Pliocene-Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:217-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.14 --- John B. Hunt, Nigel G. T. Fannin, Peter G. Hill, and J. Douglas Peacock: The tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating of North Atlantic, Late-Quaternary sediments: an example from the St. Kilda Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:227-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.15 --- K. Thomson and R. R. Hillis: Tertiary structuration and erosion of the Inner Moray Firth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:249-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.16 --- C. N. Wold: Palaeobathymetric reconstruction on a gridded database: the northern North Atlantic and southern Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:271-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: P. F. Croker and P. M. Shannon: The petroleum geology of Ireland’s offshore basins: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.01 --- P. W. Readman, B. M. O’Reilly, J. W. F. Edwards, and M. J. Sankey: A gravity map of Ireland and surrounding waters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:9-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.02 --- Rob Shelton: Mesozoic basin evolution of the North Channel: preliminary results / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:17-20, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.03 --- Steven Fitzsimons and John Parnell: Diagenetic history and reservoir potential of Permo-Triassic sandstones in the Rathlin Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:21-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.04 --- James P. Armstrong, Victor A. A. D’Elia, and Rita Löberg: Holywell Shale: a potential source of hydrocarbons in the East Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:37-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.05 --- Stephen Trueblood, Chris Bryan, and Steve Pickering: The Douglas oil field and its implications for exploration on the Irish Continental Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:39-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.06 --- Peter F. Croker: Shallow gas accumulation and migration in the western Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:41-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.07 --- Steven J. Maddox, Richard Blow, and Martin Hardman: Hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Central Irish Sea Basin with reference to Block 42/12, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:59-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.08 --- P. S. Griffiths: Predictive model for the development and distribution of Triassic reservoir sands offshore southeast Ireland, based on seismic sequence geometries at the Variscan unconformity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:79-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.09 --- F. W. Musgrove, L. M. Murdoch, and T. Lenehan: The Variscan fold-thrust belt of southeast Ireland and its control on early Mesozoic extension and deposition: a method to predict the Sherwood Sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:81-100, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.10 --- Philip Rowell: Tectono-stratigraphy of the North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:101-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.11 --- Nuala P. Ewins and Patrick M. Shannon: Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the North Celtic Sea and Fastnet Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:139-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.12 --- L. G. Kessler II and Scott D. Sachs: Depositional setting and sequence stratigraphic implications of the Upper Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) sandstone interval, North Celtic Sea/St George’s Channel Basins, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:171-192, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.13 --- N. J. Murphy, M. J. Sauer, and J. P. Armstrong: Toarcian source rock potential in the North Celtic Sea Basin, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:193-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.14 --- V. N. D. Caston: The Helvick oil accumulation, Block 49/9, North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:209-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.15 --- D. R. Taber, M. K. Vickers, and R. D. Winn, Jr: The definition of the Albian ‘A’ Sand reservoir fairway and aspects of associated gas accumulations in the North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:227-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.16 --- Adrian Hartley: Sedimentology of the Cretaceous Greensand, Quadrants 48 and 49, North Celtic Sea Basin: a progradational shoreface deposit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:245-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.17 --- M. V. Murray: Development of small gas fields in the Kinsale Head area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:259-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.18 --- Tim J. Howell and Paul Griffiths: A study of the hydrocarbon distribution and Lower Cretaceous Greensand prospectivity in Blocks 48/15, 48/17, 48/18 and 48/19, North Celtic Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:261-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.19 --- John E. Craven: The tectonic evolution, stratigraphy and petroleum potential of the Mizen Basin, southwest Celtic Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:277, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.20 --- C. Smith: Evolution of the Cockburn Basin: implications for the structural development of the Celtic Sea basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:279-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.21 --- L. M. Murdoch, F. W. Musgrove, and J. S. Perry: Tertiary uplift and inversion history in the North Celtic Sea Basin and its influence on source rock maturity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:297-319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.22 --- Robert J. Menpes and Richard R. Hillis: Quantification of Tertiary exhumation from sonic velocity data, Celtic Sea/Southwestern Approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:321-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.23 --- N. A. McMahon and J. R. Underhill: The regional stratigraphy of the southwest United Kingdom and adjacent offshore areas with particular reference to the major intra-Cretaceous unconformity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:323-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.24 --- Peter F. Croker: The Clare Basin: a geological and geophysical outline / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:327-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.25 --- D. O’Driscoll, B. B. Holcombe, P. T. Rose, and D. J. Jones: Cretaceous and Tertiary unconformities in the Atlantic margin basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:341, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.26 --- T. C. Earls: Potential for development of the Connemara field, Block 26/28 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.27 --- J. G. Moore and P. M. Shannon: The Cretaceous succession in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland: facies distribution and hydrocarbon potential / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:345-370, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.28 --- T. McCann, P. M. Shannon, and J. G. Moore: Fault styles in the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland: tectonic and sedimentary controls / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:371-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.29 --- I. C. Scotchman and J. R. W. Thomas: Maturity and hydrocarbon generation in the Slyne Trough, northwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:385-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.30 --- Brian M. O’Reilly, Franz Hauser, A. W. Brian Jacob, Pat M. Shannon, Jannis Makris, and Ulrike Vogt: The Erris and eastern Rockall Troughs: structural and sedimentological development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:413-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.31 --- Richard W. England: Westline: a deep near-normal incidence reflection profile across the Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:423-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.32 --- A. W. B. Jacob, P. M. Shannon, J. Makris, F. Hauser, U. Vogt, and B. M. O’Reilly: An overview of the results of the RAPIDS seismic project, North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:429-431, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.33 --- J. S. Daly, L. M. Heaman, R. C. Fitzgerald, J. F. Menuge, T. S. Brewer, and A. C. Morton: Age and crustal evolution of crystalline basement in western Ireland and Rockall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:433-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.34 --- P. M. Shannon, A. W. B. Jacob, J. Makris, B. O’Reilly, F. Hauser, and U. Vogt: Basin development and petroleum prospectivity of the Rockall and Hatton region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:435-457, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.35 --- Jannis Makris, Knuth Lange, Leo Savostin, and Vladimir Sedov: A wide-angle reflection profile across the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:459-466, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.36 --- P. M. Shannon, B. P. J. Williams, and I. K. Sinclair: Tectonic controls on Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous reservoir architecture in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, with some comparisons from the Porcupine and Moray Firth Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:467-490, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.37 --- Appendix: A list of common abbreviations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 93:491, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.093.01.38

Description / Table of Contents: W. A. England and A. J. Fleet: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.01 --- Part I: Generation and Expulsion (Primary Migration) --- Andrew S. Pepper: Estimating the petroleum expulsion behaviour of source rocks: a novel quantitative approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:9-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.02 --- D. Leythaeuser and H. S. Poelchau: Expulsion of petroleum from type III kerogen source rocks in gaseous solution: modelling of solubility fractionation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:33-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.03 --- S. J. Düppenbecker, L. Dohmen, and D. H. Welte: Numerical modelling of petroleum expulsion in two areas of the Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:47-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.04 --- B. S. Mudford, F. M. Gradstein, T. J. Katsube, and M. E. Best: Modelling 1D compaction-driven flow in sedimentary basins: a comparison of the Scotian Shelf, North Sea and Gulf Coast / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:65-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.05 --- Part II: Secondary Migration --- J. Burrus, A. Kuhfuss, B. Doligez, and P. Ungerer: Are numerical models useful in reconstructing the migration of hydrocarbons? A discussion based on the Northern Viking Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:89-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.06 --- Øyvind Sylta: Modelling of secondary migration and entrapment of a multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture using equation of state and ray-tracing modelling techniques / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:111-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.07 --- D. S. Chapman, S. D. Willett, and C. Clauser: Using thermal fields to estimate basin-scale permeabilities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:123-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.08 --- Richard W. Davis: Integration of geological data into hydrodynamic analysis of hydrocarbon movement / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:127-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.09 --- Stephen Larter and Nigel Mills: Phase-controlled molecular fractionations in migrating petroleum charges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:137-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.10 --- B. M. Krooss, L. Brothers, and M. H. Engel: Geochromatography in petroleum migration: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:149-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.11 --- Part III: Case Studies --- P. C. Barnard and M. A. Bastow: Hydrocarbon generation, migration, alteration, entrapment and mixing in the Central and Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:167-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.12 --- K. F. M. Thompson: Contrasting characteristics attributed to migration observed in petroleums reservoired in clastic and carbonate sequences in the Gulf of Mexico region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.13 --- N. Piggott and M. D. Lines: A case study of migration from the West Canada Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:207-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.14 --- Robert W. H. Butler: Hydrocarbon maturation, migration and tectonic loading in the Western Alpine foreland thrust belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:227-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.15 --- Gerald Roberts: Structural controls on fluid migration through the Rencurel thrust zone, Vercors, French Sub-Alpine Chains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:245-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.16 --- Part IV: Trap Leakage and Subsequent Migration --- R. H. Clarke and R. W. Cleverly: Petroleum seepage and post-accumulation migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:265-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.17 --- E. Vik, O. R. Heum, and K. G. Amaliksen: Leakage from deep reservoirs: possible mechanisms and relationship to shallow gas in the Haltenbanken area, mid-Norwegian Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 59:273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.18

Description / Table of Contents: L. M. Parson and B. J. Murton: Ophiolites and their modern oceanic analogues / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.01 --- Robert J. Alexander and Gregory D. Harper: The Josephine ophiolite: an ancient analogue for slow- to intermediate-spreading oceanic ridges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:3-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.02 --- C. J. MacLeod and D. A. Rothery: Ridge axial segmentation in the Oman ophiolite: evidence from along-strike variations in the sheeted dyke complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:39-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.03 --- R. C. Searle: The volcano-tectonic setting of oceanic lithosphere generation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:65-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.04 --- Ruth I. Rusby: GLORIA and other geophysical studies of the tectonic pattern and history of the Easter Microplate, southeast Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:81-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.05 --- Jeffrey A. Karson and Alec T. Winters: Along-axis variations in tectonic extension and accommodation zones in the MARK Area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23°N latitude / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:107-116, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.06 --- Rex N. Taylor, Bramley J. Murton, and Robert W. Nesbitt: Chemical transects across intra-oceanic arcs: implications for the tectonic setting of ophiolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:117-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.07 --- D. K. Kostopoulos and B. J. Murton: Origin and distribution of components in boninite genesis: significance of the OIB component / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:133-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.08 --- Randall A. Keller and Martin R. Fisk: Quaternary marginal basin volcanism in the Bransfield Strait as a modern analogue of the southern Chilean ophiolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:155-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.09 --- J. L. Smellie and P. Stone: Geochemical control on the evolutionary history of the Ballantrae Complex, SW Scotland, from comparisons with recent analogues / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:171-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.10 --- Paul Ballantyne: Petrology and geochemistry of the plutonic rocks of the Halmahera ophiolite, eastern Indonesia, an analogue of modern oceanic forearcs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:179-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.11 --- Stephen Roberts: Influence of the partial melting regime on the formation of ophiolitic chromitite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:203-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.12 --- E. Valsami and J. R. Cann: Mobility of rare earth elements in zones of intense hydrothermal alteration in the Pindos ophiolite, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:219-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.13 --- Roger Laurent: Peridotite intrusions emplaced in the fossil suprasubduction zone environment of Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.14 --- Jacques Girardeau and Jean-Claude C. Mercier: Evidence for plagioclase-lherzolite intrusion in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, DSDP Leg 37 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:241-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.15 --- Simon Allerton and F. J. Vine: Deformation styles adjacent to transform faults: evidence from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:251-261, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.16 --- T. S. Brewer, R. Pelling, M. A. Lovell, and P. K. Harvey: The validity of whole-rock geochemistry in the study of the oceanic crust: a case study from ODP Hole 504B. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:263-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.17 --- Andrea Borgia and Benedetta Treves: Volcanic plates overriding the ocean crust: structure and dynamics of Hawaiian volcanoes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:277-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.18 --- R. A. Harris: Peri-collisional extension and the formation of Oman-type ophiolites in the Banda arc and Brooks Range / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 60:301-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.060.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Following the economical and social development of the local communities, mountain regions of temperate climates are increasingly becoming the site of valuable infrastructures and important urban and industrial settlements. As the catastrophic events of last years in the European Alps have clearly shown, the vulnerability of these territories has correspondingly increased, in terms of both property damage and losses of human life. Until recently, the hydraulic scientific community has paid little attention to mountain watersheds, except perhaps during the period if the hydropower development. Nevertheless attention was then focused on problems and methodologies somewhat different from the issues of actual environmental concern. More recently, however, hydraulic engineers have joined their colleagues from forest and rural engineering, who have traditionally dealt with erosion control in mountain areas, to bring in their own methodology, already experienced in lowland rivers. At the same time, academic people focused an interest in some phenomena, like massive transport, which is typical of mountain environment. To bring together all these contributions and to make the state of the art of the mountain river science (oropotamology) and technology, an International Workshop was called at the University of Trent (Italy), on October 1989, under the sponsorship of Fluvial Hydraulic Section of the IAHR. Three main topics have been recognized as particularly relevant from the point of view of both research and professivnal people: a) Hydrodynamics of steep channels and local scale process; b) Sediment movement and sediment training, with special emphasis on massive transport; c) Particular features of sediment transport related to non-uniform grain-size. However, as it is the case in these circumstances, the contest of several contributions often spread over more than one topic. In the following Introduction to papers, the three topics were split into 11 Sections, each one devoted to a more particular aspect recurrently addressed during the discussion. The same paper, thus, may be mentioned in different Sections of the Introduction.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The objective of this book is to introduce the practitioner as well as the more theoretically interested reader into the integration problem of spatial information for Geo-lnformation Syslems. Former Get-Information Systems are restricted to 2D space. They realize the integration of spatial information by a conversion of vector and raster representations. This, however. leads to conceptual difficulties because of the two totally different paradigms. Furthermore, the internal topology of the get-objects is not considered. In recent years the processing of 3D information has played a growing role in Get-Information Systems. For example, planning processes for environmental protection or city planning are dependent on 3D data. The integration of spatial reformation will become even more impoaant in the 3D context and with the development of a new generation of open GISs. This book is intended to respond to some of these requirements. It presents a model for the integration of spatial information for 3D Geo-lnformation Systems (3D-GISs). As a precondition for the integration of spatial information, the integration of different spatial representations is emphasized. The model is based on a three-level notion of space that likewise includes the geometry, metrics and the topology of get-objects. The so called extended complex (e-complex) is introduced as a kernel of the model. Its internal basic geometries are the point, the line, the triangle and the tetrahedron. It is shown how a convex e-complex (ce-complex) is generated by the construction of the convex hull and the "'filling" of lines, triangles and tetrahedra, respectively. As we know from computer geometry, this results in substantially simpler geometric algorithms. Additionally, the algorithms gain by the explicit utilization of the topology of the ce-complex. This book also builds a bridge from the GIS to the object-oriented database technology, which will likely become a key technology for the development of a new generation of open Geo-lnformation Systems. In the so-called GEtmodel kernel "building blocks" are introduced that s~mplify the development of software architectures for geo-applications. A geological application in the Lower Rhine Basin shows the practical use of the introduced geometric and topological representation for a 3D-GIS...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The emergence of new information from drilling in deep-sea and coastal areas and the surfacing of the plate tectonics theory probably had the greatest impacts in recent decades on the highly accelerated growth of knowledge regarding the evolution of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Studies in recent years have also provided new insights on global sedimentary processes, and isotopic tools in many ways have enhanced our knowledge and have provided even an unexpected added dimension to the mechanisms of some specific processes. Many different uses of isotopic tools in studies of sedimentary processes can be found in the literature, but the information is highly scattered in the vast field of sedimentology. The disseminated state of existing isotopic knowledge on sedimentary systems has undoubtedly deprived many practitioners in the field to fully appreciate the benefits and limitations, and even the apparent confusion, concerning the use of isotopic tools. We have endeavored here to bring together discussions on some major sedimentary systems in the sedimentary cycle and to analyze them according to isotopic evidence. To accomplish such a task required contributions from many individuals. We were fortunate to have friends who accepted to share our goals. We most sincerely thank all the contributors to this book and deeply appreciate their patience and fortitude despite our undue demands on them to reach our objectives...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The papers contained in the present volume were prepared from the contributions presented during an international Advanced Workshop held in Santander, Cantabria, Spain between 1-5 November 1989. The workshop was a joint activity of the Working Group on Geology and Land-Use Planning (program "Geology and Environment", UNESCO), the Commission on Applied Quaternary Research (INQUA), the Sub-Commission on Maps of Environmental Geology (Commission of the Geological Map of the World) and the Grupo Españiol de Geología Ambiental y Ordenación del Territorio (Spanish Association for Environmental Geology and Land-Use Planning). The aims of the meeting were to discuss a series of topics in which the four participating scientific bodies share an interest, to analyze the existing problems and trends and to identify certain lines along which work and/or actions will be particularly necessary in the near future. It was expected that the discussions and the conclusions of the meeting would provide useful guidelines for earth scientists working on environmental problems and for other professionals and officials who deal with environmental analysis, planning and management, either on a scientific basis or in a decision-making capacity...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE In the geologic record, vertical crustal uplift has often resulted in erosional removal of huge thicknesses of sedimentary strata. If the uplift is of a broad regional nature or the uplifted strata remain relatively undeformed and sediments deposited after the uplift are not preserved, the magnitude of uplift and subsequent erosion may be difficult to quantify. This may lead to misinterpretation or omission of chapters of geologic history of a region. Fortunately, a number of indirect methods can be used to infer the thicknesses of missing strata and reconstruct the geologic history. Our book titled "Thick Post-Devonian Sediment Cover Over New York State: Evidence from Fluid-Inclusion, Organic Maturation, Clay Diagenesis and Stable Isotope Studies" uses four techniques of paleotemperature measurements in sedimentary rocks in order to determine burial depths of the existing Paleozoic strata in New York State. Since every technique has its own analytical and interpretative uncertainties, the use of four techniques allowed us to place a better constraint on our results. We show how regionally extensive paleotemperature data can be used to estimate the thicknesses of strata lost from an uplifted sedimentary basin. We also provide a tentative tectonic-, paleogeographic- and depositional history of New York State after the Devonian when the missing strata were deposited...

Description / Table of Contents: Pages 1-13 / Maars of the Westeifel, Germany / G. Büchel --- Pages 15-60 / Syn- and post-eruptive mechanism of the Alaskan Ukinrek Maars in 1977 / G. Büchel, V. Lorenz --- Pages 61-80 / Maars and maar lakes of the Westeifel Volcanic Field / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 81-94 / Maars of northern Auvergne (Massif Central, France): State of knowledge / E. Juvigné, G. Camus, A. de Goër de Herve --- Pages 95-107 / Palaeoenvironmental investigations on long sediment cores from volcanic lakes of Lazio (central Italy)—An overview / Maria Follieri, Donatella Magri, Biancamaria Narcisi --- Pages 109-116 / Geophysical mapping of organic sediments / Stefan Wende, Reinhard Kirsch --- Pages 117-118 / Preliminary uniboom survey of the Monticchio Lakes (southern Italy) / A. Stefanon --- Pages 119-128 / Sonar investigations in the Laghi di Monticchio (Mt. Vúlture, Italy) / Ralph B. Hansen --- Pages 129-148 / Climatic and tectonic effects on sedimentation in central Italian volcano lakes (Latium)—Implications from high resolution seismic profiles / F. Niessen, A. Lami, P. Guilizzoni --- Pages 149-161 / Sediments and basin analysis of Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar / T. Heinz, B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 163-171 / Organic carbon contents of sediments from Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar: A paleoclimate indicator / B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 173-194 / Basin analysis for selected time-frames using sedimentation rates in Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel FRG) / F. Wegner, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 195-208 / Turbidites in the sediments of Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany) and the explanation of suspension sediments / D. Drohmann, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 209-222 / Paleoclimate reconstruction at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition—A varve dated microstratigraphic record from Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel, Germany) / D. Poth, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 223-235 / Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late- and Postglacial sedimentary record of Lake Weinfelder Maar / A. Brauer, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 237-275 / Sedimentology and paleoenvironment from the Maar Lac du Bouchet for the last climatic cycle, 0-120,000 years (Massif Central, France) / Elisabeth Truze, Kerry Kelts --- Pages 277-288 / Lago Grande di Monticchio (southern Italy) a high resolution sedimentary record of the last 70,000 years / Bernd Zolitschka, Jörg F. W. Negendank --- Pages 289-304 / A multidisciplinary study of the Vico Maar sequence (Latium, Italy): Part of the last cycle in the Mediterranean area. Preliminary results / P. Francus, S. Leroy, I. Mergeai, G. Seret, G. Wansard --- Pages 305-316 / Environmental geology and geochemistry of lake sediments (Holzmaar, Eifwl, Germany) / B. G. Lottermoser, R. Oberhänsli, B. Zolitschka, J. F. W. Negendank, U. Schütz… --- Pages 317-332 / Geochemistry of Lago Grande di Monticchio, S. Italy / C. Robinson, G. B. Shimmield, K. M. Creer --- Pages 333-348 / Tephrochronology of core C from Lago Grande di Monticchio / Anthony J. Newton, Andrew J. Dugmore --- Pages 349-365 / A palaeomagnetic study of maar-lake sediments from the Westeifel / B. Haverkamp, Th. Beuker --- Pages 367-376 / Preliminary 50m palaeomagnetic records from Lac du Bouchet, Haute Loire, France / T. Williams, K. M. Creer, N. Thouveny --- Pages 377-392 / Palaeomagnetic investigations of Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy / Ian Turton --- Pages 393-420 / Late-Glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. I. Cladocera / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 421-433 / Late-glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. II. Chironomidae (Diptera) / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 435-439 / Ostracoda (Crustacea) and trichoptera (Insecta) from Late-and Postglacial sediments of some European maar lakes / Burkhard W. Scharf --- Pages 441-446 / Oligocence dinoflagellate-cysts in Quaternary freshwater sediments of Eifel maars / H. Weiler --- Pages 447-465 / Tertiary maars of the Hocheifel Volcanic Field, Germany / G. Büchel, M. Pirrung --- Pages 467-476 / Some aspects of Cenozoic maar sediments in Europe: the source-rock potential and their exceptionally good fossil preservation / W. Zimmerle --- Pages 477-484 / Palaeoecological implications from the sedimentary record of a subtropical maar lake (Eocene Eckfelder Maar; Germany) / Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 485-489 / Arthropods from the Eocene Eckfelder Maar (Eifel, Germany) as a source for paleoecological information / H. Lutz --- Pages 491-497 / Flowers from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, Germany)— First results / H. Frankenhäuser, V. Wilde --- Pages 499-503 / Initial results on the importance of a flora from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, W.-Germany) / V. Wilde, H. Frankenhäuser --- Pages 505-509 / International Maar Deep Drilling Project (MDDP) a challenge for earth sciences? / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE This book represents the first attempt in three decades to marshall out available information on the regional geology of Africa for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Geologic education in African universities is severely hampered by the lack of a textbook on African regional geology. This situation is greatly exacerbated by the inability of most African universities to purchase reference books and maintain journal subscriptions. Besides, geologic information about Africa is so widely dispersed that a balanced and comprehensive course content on Africa is beyond the routine preparation of lecture notes by university teachers. Since geology is a universal subject and Africa is one of the largest landmasses on Earth with one of the longest continuous records of Earth history, there is no doubt that geologic education in other parts of the world will benefit from a comprehensive presentation of African geologic case histories. The scope of this text also addresses the need of the professional geologist, who may require some general or background information about an unfamiliar African geologic region or age interval. Africa occupies a central position in the world's mineral raw materials trade. Because of its enormous extent and great geologic age, the diversity and size of Africa's mineral endowment is unparalleled. Africa is the leading source of gold, diamond, uranium, and dominates the world's supply of strategic minerals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, and platinum. Consequently, African nations from Algeria to Zimbabwe depend solely on mineral exports for economic survival. The geologic factors which govern economic mineral deposits are stressed in this text. The geological history of Africa spans 3.8 billion years, a record that is unique both in duration and continuity. Few other parts of our planet match the plethora of geologic phenomena and processes that are displayed in the African continent. From the various stages of crustal evolution decipherable from the Archean of southern Africa, through the plate tectonics scenarios in the ubiquitous Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic Pan-African mobile belts and in the Hercynian and Alpine orogenies of northwest Africa, to the East African Rift Valley, Africa is replete with excellent examples and problems for a course on regional tectonics. Teachers of igneous and metamorphic petrology can hardly ignore Africa's anorogenic magmatism (e.g.. layered ultramafic intrusives such as the Great Dyke and the Bushveld Complex; the Tete gabbro-anorthosite pluton; alkaline complexes; basaltic volcanism), or tantalizing highgrade metamorphic terranes such as the Limpopo belt, the Namaqua mobile belt, and the Mozambique belt. From the extensive Precambrian supracrustal sequences throughout the continent with enormous thicknesses of sedimentary rocks that have hardly been deformed or metamorphosed, to the stratigraphic evolution of Africa's present-day passive continental margin, there is a complete spectrum of facies models upon which to base a course on basin analysis and stratigraphy. To maintain its integrity a course on historical geology anywhere in the world must address the theory of Continental Drift beyond invoking past continuities between West Africa and South America. Past connections between West Africa and eastern North America must equally be explored, so also connections between northeast Africa and Arabia, and the paleogeography of southern Gondwana where Africa occupied centre stage. The Precambrian fossil record, the transitions from reptiles to the earliest mammals and dinosaurs, and the evolution of Man are among Africa's unique contributions to the history of life and the story of organic evolution. Although it lies today in the tropics Africa was the theatre of the Earth's most-spectacular glaciations. Even after the scene of continental glaciation had shifted to the northern continents only lately during the Pleistocene, Africa still witnessed spectacular climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Certainly students of archeology and paleoanthropology cannot overlook the Quaternary paleoenvironmental record of the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, the Lake Turkana basin in Kenya, the Nile valley, the Sahara, and southern Africa. But since African examples have already been cited in standard geologic textbook, I have often been asked why it has become necessary to revive the idea of a full-length textbook on African geology, 30 years after this idea was abandoned by the geologic community. My simple answer, as already stated, is that the wealth of available geologic information about Africa is so enormous and fascinating, but so diffuse, that an attempt must be made to assemble and pass on this knowledge.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Sedimentation as a Three-Component System describes the most common styles of deposition in marine environments as they relate to sediment composition. Three components, organic matter, carbonate, and siliciclastic sediment, may settle concurrently, but at different rates, intermixing on the sea floor to form a particular sediment composition. A change in the flux of one component is capable of relatively diluting or concentrating the other two components, which can be expressed in the characteristic ratio of organic carbon to carbonate in the resulting sediment. The basic concept of this book is to address organic carbon-carbonate associations in terms of depositional inputs and time spans. In addition, the three-component system describes organic carbon changes related to major facies transitions. Examples include models of the genesis of carbonaceous sediments, with their various laminated to bioturbated lithotypes, and numerical organic carbon prediction. I hope that this book will encourage stimulating discussions and promote a new approach to quantitative stratigraphy...

Description / Table of Contents: The present interest in sediments which are rich in organic matter results not only from their economic significance as potential oil and gas source rocks, but also from the fact that their deposition is the result of special environments. Subtle changes in the environmental conditions may result in great variations in the geochemical and petrographical characteristics of the organic matter. Therefore, the study of organic matter-rich sediments can provide a key to past sedimentary conditions. In addition, the elucidation of the depositional controls is of importance for oil and gas exploration strategies, for which the knowledge of source rock distribution and quality is critical. Furthermore, organic matter reacts extremely sensitive to changes in temperature during burial. The result of this sensitivity is the generation of volatile products such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, oil and gas and a reorganization of the solid organic residue. Some of these changes are quantified as maturity parameters which can be used as calibration tools in basin modelling, i.e., in the modelling of temperature histories of sedimentary basins. The use of maturity parameters and other organic matter characteristics as indicators for diagenetic conditions and depositional processes is, however, restricted, if analyses are performed on outcrop samples, because weathering also affects organic matter.

Description / Table of Contents: The present study will provide an introduction into the biomechanics of trees and will give a critical survey of the phylogeny and the constructional principles of the tree habit. Since the trunk is considered the basic and crucial element of a tree, the analysis is largely restricted to a functional comparison of the stem anatomy of the various tree forms. It is based on the concept of constructional morphology, thus considering simultaneously the functional aspect and the ontogenetical and phylogenetical development of the various trunk types. The main questions to be answered in this study are; Why do trees exist? - Which are the constructional principles of tree trunks and when and in which group of plants do they appear? - How important are internal (phylogenetic) and external (functional, constructional) constraints? - What are the specific properties of the different constructional principles and does a correlation between trunk design and growth habit exist? - Is there a tendency in phylogeny to a better performance? The study does not (and cannot) intend to provide a detailed biophysical analysis of individual cases because experimental data on the mechanical properties of the structural elements of the different kinds of trees are still lacking. Instead, it will he the task to evaluate in a comprehensive and qualitative or semi-quantitative manner the available data of the morphology, anatomy and phylogeny of fossil and recent trees by using concepts of biomechanics and constructional morphology. Thus a somewhat holistic approach is used, which is becoming increasingly more acceptable today.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 / THE NATURE OF TROPOCHEMICAL CELL-TWINNING / Progress of study of known examples of homologous series based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 1 / INTRODUCTION / pp. 1-9 --- Chapter 2 / HETEROVALENT VACANCY-COUPLED SUBSTITUTION / pp. 11-13 --- Chapter 3 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE PbS - Bi2S3 SYSTEM AND EXTENDED LILLIANITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / pp. 15-57 --- Chapter 4 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE MnS - Y2S3 SYSTEM / pp. 59-62 --- Chapter 5 / THE ENSTATITE-IV HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Me~x/3Mg~2/3Si(x-4)/3Ox or Me~x/3Li~4/3 Si(x-4)/3Ox,WITH Me = Mg, Sc and x = 88, 100, 112 or 124 / pp. 63-111 --- Chapter 6 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF OXYBORATES RELATED TO PINAKIOLITE, (Mg, Mn2+, Fe3+) 1.9Mn3+O2[BO3] / pp. 113-159 --- Part II / NEW EXAMPLES OF HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / Based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 7 / THE PLAGIONITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Pb3+2xSb8S15+2x, with x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 / pp. 161-213 --- Chapter 8 / HIGH- TEMPERATURE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF LEAD SULFANTIMONITES, xPbS·Sb2S3, WITH x = 2 or 3 / pp. 215-226 --- SUMMARY AND COMMENTS / pp. 227-231 --- APPENDICES --- 1. Contracted twins / pp. 233-234 --- 2. Characterization of distorted coordination polyhedra / pp. 235-251 --- 3. A collection of papers concerning new structure data of the crystalline phases cited or related to those in the text / pp. 253-314

Description / Table of Contents: Concern exists over human-generated increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and their potential consequences to society. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 finds that global temperatures have increased by 0.8ºC since 1850 and that climate warming is now ’unequivocal’. While the human imprint is becoming increasingly apparent, Earth’s climate has shifted dramatically and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages, when vast glaciers covered Northern Europe and much of North America, and interglacials—warm periods much like today. Farther back in geologic time, climates have differed even more from the present. Thus, to fully understand the unusual changes of the 20th century and possible future trends, these must be placed in a longer-term context extending beyond the period of instrumental records. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology—the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others. The encyclopedia offers 230 informative articles written by over 200 well known international experts on numerous subjects, ranging from classical geological evidence to the latest research. The volume is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings, black-white and color photographs. Articles are arranged alphabetically, with extensive bibliographies and cross-references.

Description / Table of Contents: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Part I of this issue includes 14 papers covering the state-of-the-art in tsunami modelling and hazard assessment. Another 14 papers are published in Part II focusing on observations and data analysis.

Description / Table of Contents: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. While Part I focused on modelling and hazard assessment, Part II of this issue includes 14 papers covering new developments in observation and data analysis. These include new analyses of both recent and historical tsunami events, as well as state-of-the-art techniques for tsunami data analysis.

Description / Table of Contents: Caldera-formation is one of the most awe-inspiring and powerful displays of nature's force. Resultant deposits may cover vast areas and significantly alter the immediate topography. Post-collapse activity may include resurgence, unrest, intra-caldera volcanism and potentially the start of a new magmatic cycle, perhaps eventually leading to renewed collapse. Since volcanoes and their eruptions are the surface manifestation of magmatic processes, calderas provide key insights into the generation and evolution of large-volume silicic magma bodies in the Earth's crust. Despite their potentially ferocious nature, calderas play a crucial role in modern society's life. Collapse calderas host essential economic deposits and supply power for many via the exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, and thus receive considerable scientific, economic and industrial attention. Calderas also attract millions of visitors world-wide with their spectacular scenic displays. To build on the outcomes of the 2005 calderas workshop in Tenerife (Spain) and to assess the most recent advances on caldera research, a follow-up meeting was proposed to be held in Mexico in 2008. This abstract volume presents contributions to the 2nd Calderas Workshop held at Hotel Misión La Muralla, Querétaro, Mexico, 19–25 October 2008. The title of the workshop `Reconstructing the evolution of collapse calderas: Magma storage, mobilisation and eruption' set the theme for five days of presentations and discussions, both at the venue as well as during visits to the surrounding calderas of Amealco, Amazcala and Huichapan. The multi-disciplinary workshop was attended by more than 40 scientist from North, Central and South America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Contributions covered five thematic topics: geology, geochemistry/petrology, structural analysis/modelling, geophysics, and hazards...

Description / Table of Contents: This volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science presents a selection of papers that were given at the 24th Conference of the Danube Countries. Within the framework of the International Hydrological Program IHP of UNESCO. Since 1961 the Danube countries have successfully co-operated in organizing conferences on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Water Management Issues. The 24th Conference of the Danube Countries took place between 2-4 June 2008 in Bled, Slovenia and was organized by the National Committee of Slovenia for the International Hydrological Program of UNESCO, under the auspices of the President of Republic of Slovenia. It was organized jointly by the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO and the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, under the support of UNESCO, WMO, and IAHS...

Description / Table of Contents: Reconstructing past climate and past ocean circulation demands the highest possible precision and accuracy which urges the scientific community to look at different sediment records such as the ones from coastal zones to deep-sea with a more complete set of technical and methodological tools. However, the information given by each tool varies in precision, accuracy and in significance according to their environmental settings. It is therefore essential to compare tools. With that in mind, and as part of the International year of Planet Earth, a workshop entitled `From deep-sea to coastal zones: Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments' took place in Faro (Portugal), from 25–29 February 2008 in order to: present several methods and techniques that can be used for studying sediments from deep-sea to coastal zones, namely for reconstructing palaeoenvironments in order to document past climatic changes and short to long-term environmental processes; allow cross experience between different fields and specialties, either from deep-sea to coastal zones or from micropaleontology to geochemistry; give the opportunity to students from different universities and countries to attend the workshop; publish a special volume on the presented methods and techniques during the workshop. The workshop was organized in four non-parallel sessions dealing with the use of micropaleontology, isotopes, biogeochemistry and sedimentology, as tools for palaeoenvironmental studies. The present IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science proceedings reflect this organization and papers are published in each theme. The papers are either short reviews or case studies and are highlighted below. The remains of microorganisms found in sediments are the main proxies used in micropaleontological studies. However, the link between fossilized remains and their living origin is not easy to reconstruct only based on the geologic/sedimentary record. Accordingly, Barbosa presents a review of the actual knowledge of living phytoplankton dynamics and the processes, or environmental conditions, which could contribute to the production of fossilized biogenic remains. In the next paper, de Vernal presents a review, based on several case studies, on how palynological fossils observed in sediments are used in tracing biogenic fluxes, characterizing sedimentary environments, or even reconstructing hydrographical conditions and productivity. The two other papers presented in the micropaleontological proxy section are case studies on the use of dinoflagellates (Rochon) and calcareous plankton remains (Guerreiro et al), respectively, to better understand their local or regional environmental living characteristics ant therefore their specific interpretation for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at a regional scale. Isotopic proxies can be used either as provenance tracers or as chronometers of different processes. Once again, each study can provide a very specific framework of the proxies' use and it is very important to know and evaluate the limits of these tools in each environment and/or type of analyzed material. Accordingly, the two first articles deal with the study of organic carbon either by carbon and oxygen stable isotopes (Hélie) or by radiocarbon (Mollhenhauer and Rethemeyer) analysis. The two other articles in this section deal with the use of radioisotopes. Ghaleb reviews the methods for measuring short-lived radiosisotopes in sediments, giving examples of their use for estimating recent sedimentary accumulation rates; whereas Hillaire-Marcel reviews the potential use of U-series isotopes as radiochronometers in biogenic carbonates. Geochemistry groups more than one field of expertise. However, in the present section, inorganic geochemistry is not treated and both articles present work on a very specific, and at the same time very complex, compound of the organic matter realm: black carbon. As such, Veilleux et al present a density fractionation method for isolating the small quantities of soot-like and graphitic material usually found in natural samples, whereas González-Vila et al. illustrate the potential of the combined use of analytical pyrolysis and solid state 13C NMR to determine the presence of black carbon and to characterize the refractory organic matter in marine sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain). In the last section, two papers are presented and discuss sedimentological proxies. In their paper, using diffuse spectral reflectance data, Veiga-Pires and Mestre try to determine if `twinned cores' (or paired cores) can be used as duplicate records to increase the volume of sediments collected in the field, whereas Drago et al discuss the use of fish remains in sediments for the reconstruction of paleoproductivity. Each of the above papers benefited from the constructive comments of at least two reviewers and we wish to sincerely thank the reviewers for their timely evaluation. We also thank the participants, volunteers and organizers of the workshop for their implication, making this first workshop on Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments (METECH) a success. The workshop and this proceeding would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of GEOTOP, CIMA, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FACC07/1/1315) and IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science...

Description / Table of Contents: Induced seismic events are of high scientific and economic significance. They are the result of human activities interacting with regional and local tectonics, changing the local crustal stress state by mining, extraction of rock masses, injection of fluids into the rock massif, and by changing the surface loading and pore pressure state near large reservoirs. Within Europe the study of induced seismic events has a long tradition and international scientific organizations have actively stimulated the co-operation in this field. During its General Assembly in September 1994, the European Seismological Society organized the symposium "Induced Seismic Events". The focus of this symposium was concentrated on induced events in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the former Soviet Union. The major contributions to the symposium, and also some Chinese, Canadian, and South African results are presented here. Case studies as well as data analyses and methodological studies are included. Seismologists and specialists working in the field of geohazard prevention will find much information in this volume that is pertinent to their work.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences presents a selection of papers given at the Donald D Harrington Symposium on the Geology of the Aegean held on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin on April 28-30, 2008. Donald D Harrington was born in Illinois in 1899 and moved westward after serving in the Army Air Corps during World War I. Mr Harrington took a position as a landman with Marlin Oil Company in Oklahoma. When the Texas Panhandle oil boom hit in 1926, he moved to Amarillo, Texas, where he met Sybil Buckingham—the granddaughter of one of Amarillo's founding families. They married in 1935 and went on to build one of the most successful independent oil and gas operations in Texas history. The couple created the Don and Sybil Harrington Foundation in 1951 to support worthy causes such as museums, medical research, education, and the arts. At the Harrington Symposium on the Geology of the Aegean, researchers presented papers organized under five general themes: (1) the geology of Aegean in general (2) the geologic history of specific domains within the Aegean (Cyclades, Menderes, Kazdag, Rhodope, Crete, southern Balkans, etc) (3) the dynamic tectonic processes that occur within the Aegean (4) its geo-archeological history, natural history and hazards and (5) comparisons of the Aegean to regions elsewhere (e.g., Basin and Ranges; Asian extensional terranes). The Aegean is a locus of dynamic research in a variety of fields, and the symposium provided an opportunity for geologists from a range of disciplines to interact and share new results and information about their research in the area...

Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties and fluid transport in rocks are intimately linked as deformation of a solid rock matrix immediately affects the pore space and permeability. This may result in transient or permanent changes of pore pressures and effective pressures causing rock strength to vary in space and time. Fluid circulation and deformation processes in crustal rocks are coupled, producing significant complexity of mechanical and fluid transport behavior. This often poses severe technical and economic problems for reservoir and geotechnical engineering projects involved in oil and gas production, CO2 sequestration, mining and underground waste disposal. For example, the depletion of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs leading to compaction may have adverse effects on well production. Solution/precipitation processes modify porosity and affect permeability of aquifers and reservoir rocks. Fracture damage from underground excavation will critically influence the long-term stability and performance of waste storage. Part I of this topical volume covers mainly the nucleation and evolution of crack damage in rocks, new or modified techniques to measure rock fracture toughness and a discussion of upscaling techniques relating mechanical and fluid transport behaviour in rocks at different spatial scales. Part II, to be published later in 2006, will include studies investigating the coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow.

Description / Table of Contents: Variations in seismic Q are sensitive to a much greater extent than are seismic velocity variations on factors such as temperature, fluid content, and the movement of solid state defects in the earth. For that reason an understanding of Q and its variation with position in the earth and with time should provide information in earth's tectonic evolution, as well as on aspects of its internal structure. Progress in understanding Q has suffered from difficulty in obtaining reliable amplitude data at global and temporary stations. Moreover, laboratory determinations of Q, until recently, were most often made at frequencies much higher than those measured by seismologists for waves propagating through the earth. Recent advances in seismic station distribution and quality, as well as in methodology at both high and low fequencies, have greatly improved the quality of observational data available to seismologists from global stations. Concurrent advances have been made in measuring Q using laboratory samples at frequencies that pertain to the earth and in theoretical understanding of seismic wave attenuation. Papers of this volume present new information on Q in the earth from several perspectives: methodology, results from global and regional observations of both body and surface waves, laboratory measurements, and theoretical understanding. The editors believe that we have reached a new threshold in Q studies and that advances in data quality and methodology will spur increased interest in this difficult, but interesting field.

Description / Table of Contents: Natural hazards events such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions involve activation of coupled thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes in rocks. The present book assembles unpublished contributions to the 7th Euro-Conference on Rock Physics and Geomechanics, held in 2007 in Erice, Italy. It presents new laboratory data, theoretical and numerical rock physics models and field observations relevant to the study of natural hazards. In particular, several papers are devoted to rock failure and explore the relationship between the competing deformation micro-mechanisms. Several others investigate shear-induced anisotropy of mechanical and/or transport properties, both in large-scale geologic objects and in laboratory samples. The remaining papers treat various aspects of rock physics and their industrial applications such as geothermics and reservoir characterization.

Description / Table of Contents: This second special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics in honor of Keiiti Aki focuses on recent advances in quantifying and interpreting heterogeneities in lithosperic structures and earthquake behavior. The volume provides a combination of reviews, methodological studies and applications on topics related to Aki's pioneering contributions. It also includes material on Keiiti Aki and a list of his publications. The discussed subjects include research associated with dynamic earthquake rupture, studies on imaging earthquake locations and structures using P and S seismic phases, and studies associated with imaging source and structure properties using scattered coda waves. The volume will be useful to students and researchers alike, who are interested in the nature of large- and small-scale heterogeneities in the earth's lithosphere and earthquake properties.

Description / Table of Contents: This issue is addressed to researchers dealing with seismic studies as the result of an interactive process as part of macroseismic approaches and an a-priori determination of the elements if the territory is involved in the seismic risk evaluation. The significant features which distinguish the work can be identified in the use of new methods for the evaluation of the damage scenarios of historical earthquakes (the local intensity virtual distribution); the adoption of a quick procedure of 2nd level seismic microzonation, depicted on a reduced number of parameters and in situ surveys; the characterization of an innovative seismic vulnerability evaluation procedure based on the analyses of the safety reducers and social priority levels of the elements of territory. The proposed studies, carried out in Sicily and Calabria (Italy), define an operative level of approaches aimed at engineering and civil protection applications.

Description / Table of Contents: Tsunamis like the Indian Ocean tsunami caused by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in 2004 or the Chilean earthquake in the Pacific Ocean in 1960 motivate international collaborations for the development of tsunami warning systems. Since 1960 the Tsunami Commission, established by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, has been holding a biannual International Tsunami Symposium (ITS). This volume contains 20 contributions of leading scientists mostly presented at the 22nd International Tsunami Symposium held in summer 2005 in Greece. Consolidated findings based on hydrophone records, seismometer readings, and tide gauges are presented. Reports of post-tsunami surveys and numerical simulations for tsunamis such as the 2004 Indian Ocean event, as well as geological studies of tsunamis in Japan, Central and North America are given. Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis and tsunami warning systems, among others, are described as are methods to predict tsunamis and mitigate their hazards.

Description / Table of Contents: The Palaeoproterozoic era (2500–1600 Ma) was a critical period of Earth history, with dynamic evolution from the deep planetary interior to its surface environment. Several lines of geological evidence suggest the existence of at least one pre-Rodinia supercontinent, named Nuna or Columbia, which formed near the end of Palaeoproterozoic time. Prior to this assembly, there may have been an older supercontinent (Kenorland) or perhaps only independently drifting supercratons. The tectonic records of amalgamation and dispersal of these ancient landmasses provide a framework that links processes of the deep Earth with those of its fluid envelope. The sixteen papers in this volume present reviews and new analytical data that span the geological record of Palaeoproterozoic Earth and provide a current picture of Palaeoproterozoic research. The volume provides a useful reference book for students and professional geoscientists interested in this important period of global evolution.

Description / Table of Contents: There are continual rounds of annual conferences, special sessions and other symposia that provide ample opportunity for researchers to convene and discuss igneous processes. However, the origins of laccoliths and sills continue to inspire and confound geologists. In one sense, this is surprising. After all, don't we know all we need to know about these rocks by now? As testified by the diverse range of topics covered in this volume, the answer is clearly ‘no’. This book contains contributions on physical geology, igneous petrology, volcanology, structural geology, crustal mechanics and geophysics that cover the entire gambit of geological processes associated with the shallow emplacement of magma. High-level intrusions in sedimentary basins can also act as hydrocarbon reservoirs and as sources for thermal maturation. In drawing together a diversity of perspectives on the emplacement of sills, laccoliths and dykes we hope to advance further our understanding of their behaviour.