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The Tectonics, Sedimentation and Palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic Region (1995)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Scrutton, Roger A. ; Stoker, M. S. ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Atlantischer Raum (Nord) ; Geologie ; Paläoozeanographie ; Sedimentation ; Tektonik ; Failles (Géologie) - Atlantique Nord, Région de l' ; Failles (Géologie) - Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador ; Geologia historica ; North Atlantic Region ; Paleoceanography ; Paléo-océanographie - Atlantique Nord, Région de l' ; Plate tectonics ; Sedimentation and deposition ; Sedimentologia ; Sédimentation (Géologie) - Atlantique Nord, Région de l' ; Tectonique des plaques - Atlantique Nord, Région de l'

Description / Table of Contents: Neal W. Driscoll, John R. Hogg, Nicholas Christie-Blick, and Garry D. Karner: Extensional tectonics in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland: implications for the timing of break-up between Grand Banks and Iberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:1-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.01 --- Iain K. Sinclair: Sequence stratigraphic response to Aptian-Albian rifting in conjugate margin basins: a comparison of the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland, and the Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:29-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.02 --- C. C. Ebdon, P. J. Granger, H. D. Johnson, and A. M. Evans: Early Tertiary evolution and sequence stratigraphy of the Faeroe-Shetland Basin: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:51-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.03 --- G. Boillot, M. O. Beslier, C. M. Krawczyk, D. Rappin, and T. J. Reston: The formation of passive margins: constraints from the crustal structure and segmentation of the deep Galicia margin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:71-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.04 --- T. J. Reston, C. M. Krawczyk, and H.-J. Hoffmann: Detachment tectonics during Atlantic rifting: analysis and interpretation of the S reflection, the west Galicia margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:93-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.05 --- Liselotte Kiørboe and Steen Agerlin Petersen: Seismic investigation of the Faeroe basalts and their substratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:111-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.06 --- K. Vanneste, J.-P. Henriet, J. Posewang, and F. Theilen: Seismic stratigraphy of the Bill Bailey and Lousy Bank area: implications for subsidence history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.07 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Effect of Eocene-Miocene Compression Structures on Bottom-Water Currents in the Faeroe-Rockall Area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:141-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.08 --- Lars Ole Boldreel and Morten Sparre Andersen: The relationship between the distribution of Tertiary sediments, tectonic processes and deep-water circulation around the Faeroe Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:145-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.09 --- M. S. Stoker: The influence of glacigenic sedimentation on slope-apron development on the continental margin off Northwest Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:159-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.10 --- Regin Waagstein and Claus Heilmann-Clausen: Petrography and biostratigraphy of Palaeogene volcaniclastic sediments dredged from the Faeroes shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:179-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.11 --- E. J. W. Jones, S. C. Cande, and F. Spathopoulos: Evolution of a major oceanographic pathway: the equatorial atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.12 --- Morten Sparre Andersen and Lars Ole Boldreel: Tertiary compression structures in the Faeroe-Rockall area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:215-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.13 --- Simon K. Haslett: Pliocene-Pleistocene radiolarian biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:217-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.14 --- John B. Hunt, Nigel G. T. Fannin, Peter G. Hill, and J. Douglas Peacock: The tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating of North Atlantic, Late-Quaternary sediments: an example from the St. Kilda Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:227-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.15 --- K. Thomson and R. R. Hillis: Tertiary structuration and erosion of the Inner Moray Firth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:249-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.16 --- C. N. Wold: Palaeobathymetric reconstruction on a gridded database: the northern North Atlantic and southern Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 90:271-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.090.01.17

Pages: Online-Ressource (309 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

ISBN: 1897799276

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/90/1

Language: English

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Holocene emergence in the Cook Islands, South Pacific (1990)

Woodroffe, C. D. ; Stoddart, D. R. ; Spencer, T. ; [et al.]

Springer

Coral reefs 9 (1990), S. 31-39

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract There is evidence of Holocene emergence on several of the Cook Islands. On Suwarrow Atoll there are extensive outcrops of emergent, but truncated, reef on the northern atoll rim, radiocarbon-dated 4680–4310 years B. P., overlain by younger cemented boulder conglomerates. On the northeast of the atoll there are fossil algal ridges indicating up to 1 m of emergence; the landwardmost has been dated 4220 years B. P., the intermediate one 3420 years B. P. and the present one 1250 years B. P. On Mitiaro, a makatea island in the Southern Cooks, there are emergent reefal deposits in the centre of the reef flat dated 5140–3620 years B. P. Similar thought poorly preserved deposits occur on Mauke, and an erosional bench and notch occurs on Atiu. Emergence on all islands appears synchronous with that reported on Mangaia, where a relative fall of sea level of at least 1.7 m in the last 3400 years has been reported. The evidence for emergence is broadly similar to that described from French Polynesia, though timing of emergence appears to differ.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686719

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A novel mechanism for iron incorporation into coral skeletons (1991)

Brown, B. E. ; Tudhope, A. W. ; Tissier, M. D. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Coral reefs 10 (1991), S. 211-215

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Intertidal corals living in seawater with high concentrations of iron incorporate the metal into their skeletons. Cross-sections of the coral skeleton reveal orange-stained banding patterns reflecting periods of high availability of iron. The mechanism of metal incorporation involves deposition of iron compounds on to skeletal spines that are exposed as a result of temporary tissue retraction during periods of extreme stress. Subsequent tissue recovery and calcification trap the iron compounds which provide a visible environmental signature in the coral skeleton. This previously unrecognised mechanism has significant implications for the reconstruction of past environments from chemical analysis of annually-banded massive coral skeletons.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336776

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Patterns and possible environmental controls of skeletogenesis of Porites lutea, South Thailand (1992)

Scoffin, T. P. ; Tudhope, A. W. ; Brown, B. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Coral reefs 11 (1992), S. 1-11

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Eleven fringing reef sites were investigated over a distance of about 50 km in the Phuket Region. There is a wide range in exposure to wave energy, and also water turbidity across the area. Annual increments of growth of shallow-water reef-front colonies of Porites lutea were calculated for the period November 1984 November 1986 using seasonal fluorescent banding (revealed with ultraviolet light) and Alizarin staining. Measurement of linear extension rate, skeletal bulk density, calcification rate, polyp numbers per unit area and colony surface morphology were made and compared. Linear extension rate and skeletal bulk density are inversely related within and between reef sites. Linear extension rate decreases and bulk density increases along a gradient of increasing hydraulic energy of the setting. Calcification (the product of linear extension rate and bulk density), although varying slightly from site to site, does not appear to relate to any obvious environmental inshore-offshore gradient. Skeletal bulk density is the most sensitive discriminator between reef sites, and we suggest that hydraulic energy of the setting is the main control on these spatial variations in skeletogenesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00291929

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Factors influencing the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Porites lutea coral skeletons from Phuket, South Thailand (1996)

Allison, N. ; Tudhope, A. W. ; Fallick, A. E.

Springer

Coral reefs 15 (1996), S. 43-57

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract. We determined the δ18O and δ13C composition of the same fixed growth increment in several Porites lutea coral skeletons from Phuket, South Thailand. Skeletal growth rate and δ18O are inversely related. We explain this in terms of McConnaughey’s kinetic isotopic disequilibria model. Annual trends in δ18O cannot be solely explained by observed variations in seawater temperature or salinity and may also reflect seasonal variations in calcification rate. Coral tissue chlorophyll a content and δ13C of the underlying 1 mm of skeleton are positively related, suggesting that algal modification of the dissolved inorganic carbonate pool is the main control on skeletal δ13C. However, in corals that bleached during a period of exceptionally high seawater temperatures in the summer of 1991, δ13C of the outer 1 mm of skeleton and skeletal growth rate (over 9 months up to and including the bleaching event) are inversely related. Seasonal variations in δ13C may reflect variations in calcification rate, zooxanthellae photosynthesis or in seawater δ13C composition. Bleached corals had reduced calcification over the 9-month period up to and including the bleaching event and over the event they deposited carbonate enriched in 13C and 18O compared with unaffected corals. However, calcification during the event was limited and insufficient material was deposited to influence significantly the isotopic signature of the larger seasonal profile samples. In profile, overall decreases in δ18O and δ13C were observed, supporting evidence that positive temperature anomalies caused the bleaching event and reflecting the loss of zooxanthellae photosynthesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626076

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Factors influencing the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition ofPorites lutea coral skeletons from Phuket, South Thailand (1996)

Allison, N. ; Tudhope, A. W. ; Fallick, A. E.

Springer

Coral reefs 15 (1996), S. 43-57

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract We determined the δ18O and δ13C composition of the same fixed growth increment in severalPorites lutea coral skeletons from Phuket, South Thailand. Skeletal growth rate and δ18O are inversely related. We explain this in terms of McConnaughey's kinetic isotopic disequilibria model. Annual trends in δ18O cannot be solely explained by observed variations in seawater temperature or salinity and may also reflect seasonal variations in calcification rate. Coral tissue chlorophylla content and δ13C of the underlying 1 mm of skeleton are positively related, suggesting that algal modification of the dissolved inorganic carbonate pool is the main control on skeletal δ13C. However, in corals that bleached during a period of exceptionally high seawater temperatures in the summer of 1991, δ13C of the outer 1 mm of skeleton and skeletal growth rate (over 9 months up to and including the bleaching event) are inversely related. Seasonal variations in °13C may reflect variations in calcification rate, zooxanthellae photosynthesis or in seawater δ13C composition. Bleached corals had reduced calcification over the 9-month period up to and including the bleaching event and over the event they deposited carbonate enriched in13C and18O compared with unaffected corals. However, calcification during the event was limited and insufficient material was deposited to influence significantly the isotopic signature of the larger seasonal profile samples. In profile, overall decreases in δ18O and δ13C were observed, supporting evidence that positive temperature anomalies caused the bleaching event and reflecting the loss of zooxanthellae photosynthesis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626076

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Investigation of luminescent banding in solid coral: the contribution of phosphorescence (2000)

Wild, F. J. ; Jones, A. C. ; Tudhope, A. W.

Springer

Coral reefs 19 (2000), S. 132-140

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ISSN: 1432-0975

Keywords: Key words Coral ; Humic substances ; Fluorescence spectroscopy ; Phosphorescence

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences

Notes: Abstract This study investigates the nature and components of annual luminescent banding in massive Porites coral skeletons, with a view to refining the technique for using this banding to reconstruct past environmental conditions. Three-dimensional excitation-emission-matrix spectroscopy and optical fibre beam delivery have been used to investigate the luminescence properties of the bright and dull bands of solid coral. Six characteristic excitation/emission peaks have been identified: 280/450–600, 340/450, 370/470, 390/485, 420/505 and 450/530 nm. The first peak corresponds to protein-type fluorescence. The others are characteristic of humic acid luminescence. The difference in luminescence intensity between bright and dull bands has been quantified and characterised spectroscopically. The luminescence of the bright bands is up to 25% more intense than their neighbouring dull bands with the greatest increase in relative intensity in the long wavelength emission region, between 500 and 600 nm. The contribution of long-lived phosphorescence to the total luminescence intensity has been determined by time-resolved measurements on the 100 ms timescale. Both bright and dull bands show long-lived phosphorescence with decay times up to 1.5 s. This phosphorescence accounts for about 10% of the total luminescence intensity of bright bands. The difference in phosphorescence intensity between bright and dull bands is substantially greater than the difference in total luminescence intensity: the phosphorescence of bright bands is up to twice as intense as that of dull bands. This suggests that phosphorescence plays an important role in defining luminescent banding in coral. Furthermore, the large observable difference in phosphorescence between bright and dull bands indicates that measurement of phosphorescence profiles across growth bands in corals may prove to be a more sensitive indicator of past environmental conditions than measurements of total luminescence.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380000084

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