ALBERT

Note: Contents: Introduction. - A changing climate. - The emerging land. - The frozen past. - From ice to sea. - Plant adaptation. - Land of contrasts. - Sheep farming - now and in the future. - Methane in the Arctic. , Parallel texts in Danish and English

Note: TEIL I: Wo soll's hingehen? Berufswahl als Naturwissenschaftlerin Ein Spektrum an Karrieremöglichkeiten: Uni oder Industrie Sie haben es in der Hand: Entscheidungen beeinflussen den Karriereweg PhD und Postdoc: Die Krönung der Qualifikation oder überflüssiger Ballast? TEIL II: Bewerbung und Vorstellungsgespräch Stellenanzeige und Co: Wie kommen Sie zu Ihrer Traumposition? Dokumente verfassen: Beispiele und Erläuterungen mit Expertentipps Überzeugend im Interview Volle Konzentration: Das Assessment-Center Ein verführerisches Angebot? Gehalts- und Vertragsverhandlungen TEIL III: Im Berufsleben Tipps für den erfolgreichen Start Wo ist mein Platz? Von Konferenzen und Dinnerparties Die Spiele sind eröffnet! Herausforderungen im Job Führungseigenschaften: In den Schoß gefallen oder erlernt? Wenn die Hormone verrückt spielen: Herausforderungen an besonderen Tagen Kennen Sie Ihr Ziel? Chancen nutzen und neue Türen öffnen Alles hat ein Ende nur die Wurst hat zwei? TEIL IV: Sackgasse Mutter? Chancen und Herausforderungen unserer Zeit Die (politische) Lage Gibt es einen perfekten Moment, um Kinder zu bekommen? Über Unfruchtbarkeit im familienfreundlichen Langweiler-Job Wie sage ich's dem Chef? Schwangerschaft, Kinder und Karrierewunsch Frauen, Mütter, Arbeitgeber: Von schiefen Blicken und Vorurteilen Organisation von Arbeit und Familie (Erfolgs-) Geschichten

Note: Contents: Foreword to the Encyclopedia ; Foreword to Volume 1 ; Introduction to Volume 1 ; PART I GENERAL THEMES The Goals of Climate Policy ; 1. The Science of Climate Change: A Legal Perspective on the IPCC ; 2. The Precautionary Principle and Climate Change ; 3. Setting the Social Cost of Carbon ; 4. Human Rights and Climate Change: Building Synergies for a Common Future ; Approaches to Addressing Climate Change ; 5. Climate Policy Instrument Choices ; 6. Corporate Social Responsibility and Climate Change ; 7. Local Authorities and Climate Change ; 8. Individual Behaviour, The Social Sciences and Climate Change ; 9. Criminal Law and Climate Change ; 10. Research and Scholarship on Climate Change Law in Developing Countries ; PART II INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE General Issues ; 11. The Climate as a Global Common ; 12. CBDR and Climate Change ; 13. The Potential Roles of the ICJ in Climate Change-related Claims ; 14. Unilateralism, Extraterritoriality and Climate Change ; 15. Climate Engineering and International Law ; 16. Carbon Capture and Storage as a Bridging Technology ; Treaties Related to Climate Change ; The UN Negotiation Process ; 17. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Framework Approach to Climate Change ; 18. The UNFCCC: Legal Scholarship in Four Key Areas ; 19. The Kyoto Protocol, With a Special Focus on the Flexible Mechanisms ; 20. The Kyoto Protocol’s Compliance Mechanism ; 21. REDD+ as a Climate Change Mitigation Mechanism ; 22. International Treaty Fragmentation and Climate Change ; Alternative International Approaches ; 23. ICAO and IMO: International Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Reductions in Transport ; 24. Interlinkages Between Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Air Pollution: The International Legal Framework ; 25. The WTO and Climate Change ; 26. Climate Change and International Investment Treaties ; PART III NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES General Issues ; 27. Polycentrism and Climate Change ; 28. Climate Change Federalism ; 29. Environmental Impact Assessments and Climate Change ; 30. The Role of the National Courts in GHG Emissions Reductions ; Regional and National Mitigation Approaches ; Emissions Trading ; 31. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in the EU ; 32. North American Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Systems ; 33. Emissions Trading in China ; Other Regulatory Approaches to Reduce Greenhouse Gases ; 34. Traditional Regulation’s Role in Greenhouse Gas Abatement ; 35. Carbon Taxes ; 36. Transportation as a Climate Wedge and Challenge under United States Law ; 37. Biofuel ; 38. Renewable Energy: Support Mechanisms ; 39. Renewable Energy: Public Acceptance and Citizens’ Financial Participation ; 40. Energy Efficiency and Conservation ; Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries ; 41. India’s Climate Change Mitigation Strategy ; 42. Green Growth Policy in Korea ; PART IV ADAPTATION Specific Impacts and Sectors ; 43. Integrated Water Law and Climate Change: An EU Perspective ; 44. Water Availability and Allocation ; 45. Managing Ecosystem Effects in an Era of Rapid Climate Change ; 46.Ocean Adaptation ; 47. Coastal Issues ; 48. Adaptation and the Energy Sector ; Cross-cutting Issues and Adaptation Techniques ; 49. Adaptation Justice ; 50. Loss and Damage in the UN Climate Regime ; 51. Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change ; 52. Human Mobility and Climate Change ; 53. Urban Planning and Climate Change ; 54. Insurance ; 55. Disaster Law and Climate Change ; PART V CONCLUSIONS 56. The Emergence of Global Climate Law

Note: Table of Contents Abstract Kurzfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1. Introduction 2. Scientific Background 2.1. Permafrost 2.2.Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 2.3. Inputs of Freshwater, Sediment and Carbon into the Canadian Beaufort Sea 3. Study Area 3.1. Regional Setting: Yukon Coast and Herschel Island 3.2. Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 4. Material and Methods 4.1. Field Work 4.1.1. Terrain Photography 4.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 4.1.3. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 4.1.4. Micrometeorology 4.1.5. Discharge Measurement 4.1.6. Multiple Regression-Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorological Variables and Discharge 4.1.7. Sampling 4.2. Laboratory Analyses 4.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 4.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 4.3. Fluxes of Sediment and (In-) Organic Matter 5. Results 5.1. Field Work 5.1.1. Terrain Photography 5.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 5.1.3. Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 5.1.4. Micrometeorology 5.1.5. Discharge 5.1.6. Multiple Regression - Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorology and Discharge 5.2. Laboratory Analyses 5.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 5.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 5.3. Fluxes of Sediment-meltwater 6. Discussion 6.1. Microclimatological and Geomorphological Factors Controlling Discharge 6.1.1. Diurnal Variations 6.1.2. Seasonal Variations 6.2. Contribution of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps to the Sediment Budget of the Yukon Coast 6.2.1. Origin of Outflow Material 6.2.2. Slump D in the Regional Context 6.2.3. Seasonal Sediment Budget Compilation for Slump D 6.2.4. Retrogressive Thaw Slump Occurrence along the Yukon Coast 6.2.5. Input to the Beaufort Sea 6.3. Projected Climatic Change and its Impact on Retrogressive Thaw Slump Outflow 6.4. Uncertainties and Limitations 6.5. Future Research 7. Conclusion 8. Appendix 8.1. Field Work 8.1.1. Slump D's northern headwall profile 8.1.2. Collinson Head slump 8.1.3. Herschel Island West Coast slump 8.1.4. Roland Bay slump 8.1.5. Kay Point slump 8.2. Laboratory Work 8.2.1. Volumetric Ice Content 8.2.2. Grain Size 8.3. Evolution of Slump D 8.3.1. Geo Eye satellite of Slump D 8.3.2. Aerial Oblique Photography of Slump D 8.3.3. LiDAR of Slump D 8.3.4. Time Lapse Photography of Slump D's Headwall 9. References 10. Financial and technical support 11. Acknowledgement - Danksagung

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Site selection and preparation Prespill assessment Seawater application Postspill assessment Enzyme assay and analysis of soil flora Results and discussion Soil-solution conductivities Vascular plant response Cryptogam response Site factors and plant response Soil flora and extracellular soil enzymes Limitations of this study Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Plant taxa included in this study

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: Contents: Overview ; 1 From Climate Change to Poverty and Back: A Framework ; 2 Bad Seed: Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security ; 3 Threat Multiplier: Climate Change, Disasters, and Poor People ; 4 Under the Weather: Climate Change, Health, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty ; 5 Lend a Hand: Poor People, Support Systems, Safety Nets, andInclusion ; 6 A Window of Opportunity: Climate-Informed Development and Pro-Poor Climate Policies

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Contents: PART I: BASICS ; 1. Population Dynamics ; 2. Simple Frequency Dependence ; 3. Dynamics in n-dimensional Games ; 4. Equilibrium ; 5. Social games ; 6. Cellular Automaton Games ; PART II: APPLICATIONS ; 7. Rock-Paper-Scissors Everywhere ; 8. Learning in Games ; 9. Contingent Life Cycle Strategies ; 10. The Blessing and the Curse of the Multiplicative Updates (Contributed by Manfred K. Warmuth) ; 11. Traffic Games (contributed by John Musacchio) ; 12. International Trade and the Environment (contributed by Matthew McGinty) ; 13. Evolution of Cooperation ; 14. Speciation ; Glossaries

Note: (Re)discovering the continentTheoretical framework -- The coil sample -- Duration provisions -- Escape clauses and withdrawal clauses -- (Im)precision and reservations -- Dispute resolution provisions -- Punishment provisions -- Monitoring provisions -- Asymmetric design rules, voting, and power -- Conclusion..

Note: Inhalt Vorwort Bibliothek als Bauaufgabe Bibliothek als architektonische Aufgabe : Von der Entwicklung der Gebäudetypologie und der Verschiebung der Schwerpunkte in der Bibliotheksarchitektur / Marina Stankovic und Tobias Jortzick Herausragende Bibliotheksbauten der vergangenen zehn Jahre - eine Aufforderung / Ulrich Niederer Die Grüne Bibliothek : ökologische Nachhaltigkeit bei Bibliotheksbau und -ausstattung / Melanie Padilla Segarra und Petra Hauke Standortwahl / Konrad Umlauf Außenraumtypologien an Bibliotheken / Irene Lohaus Verfahrensschritte zur Realisierung eines innovativen Bauvorhabens : Das Beispiel des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksgebäudes von Universität und Hochschule Osnabrück auf dem Campus Westerberg / Felicitas Hundhausen Flächenbedarf von Hochschulbibliotheken / Bernd Vogel Bibliotheken bauen im Bestand Bibliotheksbau im Bestand - oder: Die Liebe zum Unikat / Robert Niess Modernisierung und Sanierung von Bibliotheksbauten : Aus einem bestehenden Gebäude etwas Neues machen / Oliver Kohl-Frey Sanierung und Neukonzeption bestehender Bausubstanz : Das Beispiel der Universitätsbibliothek Konstanz / Michael B. Frank Nachnutzung versus Neubau : Das Beispiel RW21 Stadtbibliothek Bayreuth / Jörg Weinreich Räume gestalten Lernräume der Zukunft - Perspektiven junger Gestalter / Klaus Ulrich Werner Die Schulbibliothek / Birgit Lücke und Angelika Flolderried Die Jugendbibliothek : Erlebnis- und Kommunikationsort / Kerstin Keller-Loibl Die Kinderbibliothek / Sabine Brunner Makerspaces - Bibliotheksräume für Macher / Gabriela Lüthi-Esposito Das zukunftsfähige Bib-Office / Jutta Eiberger Barrierefreiheit - eine Herausforderung?! / Särka Vonskovä Umgebungsbedingung: Licht Bodenbeläge für Bibliotheken / Roman Rabe Partizipatives Gestalten / Jens llg und Robert Zepf Bibliothekstechnik Leitsysteme - Funktion und Entwicklungsprozesse / Anna-Katharina Huth RFID und moderne technische Infrastruktur / Frank Seeliger, Jan Kissigund Ricardo Frommholz Präsentation digitaler Medien im physischen Raum / Janin Präßler Hochregallager - ein neuer Weg der Magazinierung : Die Kooperative Speicherbibtiothek Schweiz. Eine Luzerner Fallgeschichte mit Exkursen / Ulrich Niederer Brandschutz, Sicherheit und Notfallvorsorge / Milena Pfafferott Klimaregulierung : Bau- und Klimakonzepte für Räume zur Aufbewahrung, Nutzung und Präsentation von Altbeständen / Christine Sauer Management im Kontext von Bauprojekten Bibliotheksumzug / Martin Lee Change Management - Best Practice wider den Widerstand : Beispiele aus der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg und der Staatsbibliothek Bamberg / Ilona Munique Betriebsmanagement : Dargestellt am Beispiel der ETH-Bibliothek Zürich / Susanne Benitz und André Reichmuth Gebäudemanagement / Christian Kuhlmann Aufenthalt und Aufenthaltsmessung im physischen Bibliotheksraum / Julia Weis Öffentlichkeit durch Bibliotheksarchitektur - von innen und außen betrachtet / Dirk Wissen Bibliotheksgebäude auf dem Prüfstand : Kennzeichen, Betrieb und Evaluation - ein Fragenkatalog / IFLA Library Buildings and Equipment Section Anhang Bibliotheken planen, bauen und ausstatten : Eine Auswahlbibliografie / Petra Hauke Autoren & Herausgeber Abkürzungen Index

Note: "Allgemeine Hydrologie": Geschichte der Hydrologie - Wasser als Stoff - Globaler und regionaler Wasserkreislauf - Niederschlag - Bodenwasserhaushalt - Grundwasser - Verdunstung - Abfluss im Gewässersystem - Abflussbildung in der Landschaft - Seen -- "Spezielle Bereiche der Hydrologie": Einfluss von Landnutzung und Landbedeckung auf den Wasserkreislauf - Einfluss des Klimas und des Klimawandels auf den Wasserkreislauf - Ökohydrologie - Hydrologische Extreme. , "Hydrologische Verfahren und Methoden": Hydrologische Modelle - Tracer in der Hydrologie - Fernerkundung in der Hydrologie -- "Regionale Hydrologie": Tieflandhydrologie - Hydrologie der Mittelgebirge - Hydrologie der Hochgebirge - Hydrologie von Trockenregionen -- "Anwendungen der Hydrologie": Bewässerung - Hydrologische Bemessung und hydrologisches Risiko - Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement - Partizipation im Wassermanagement.

Note: Contents List of contributors Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Overview of the aquaculture feed industry / Zuridah Merican and Dagoberto Sanchez 1. Aquafeed in Asia 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A shift in equilibrium 1.3 Lower demand with EMS 1.4 Horizontal expansion and integration 1.5 Extruded and functional feeds 1.6 Rising production costs 1.7 Feed production and trends 1.8 New capacity and new entrants 1.9 Shrimp feed types 1.10 Feed prices 1.11 Country developments 2. Aquafeed in the Americas 2.1 Development of aquafeed production in the Americas 2.2 Country development Acknowledgments References 2 Feed formulation software / A. Victor Suresh 2.1 Introduction 2.2 General overview of the formulation process in the feed industry 2.3 LP-based feed formulation 2.4 Essential components of LP-based feed formulation software 2.5 Software options 2.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 3 Understanding the nutritional and biological constraints of ingredients to optimize their application in aquaculture feeds / Brett Glencross 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Characterizing ingredients 3.3 Chemical composition of oils 3.4 Digestibility, palatability, and utilization value of plant protein meals 3.5 Nutritional value of plant and animal oils to aquaculture species 3.6 Processing effects of ingredients References 4 Nutrient requirements / Cesar Molina-Poveda 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Proteins and amino acids 4.3 Lipids and fatty acids 4.4 Carbohydrates 4.5 Nutritional energetics 4.6 Vitamins 4.7 Minerals References 5 Functional feed additives in aquaculture feeds / Pedro Encarnagao 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Phytogenies 5.3 Organic acids 5.4 Yeast products 5.5 Probiotics 5.6 Enzymes 5.7 Mycotoxin binders References 6 Optimizing nutritional quality of aquafeeds / Karthik Masagounder, Sheila Ramos, Ingolf Reimann and Girish Channarayapatna 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sources of nutrient database 6.3 Nutrient levels and variability in commonly used raw materials 6.4 Impact of heat damage on the amino acid level and their variability 6.5 Proximate nutrients of raw material 6.6 Managing nutrient variation 6.7 Integration of Laboratory Information Management System and formulation 6.8 Summary References Index

Note: Gesellschaft 4.0 -- Die technologischen Entwicklungen -- Die gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen -- Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen -- Die politischen Veränderungen -- Technologie 4.0 -- Das Internet der Dinge ist schon (bald) da -- Die Digital-Roboter stehen vor der Tür -- Der 3D-Druck ändert die Arbeitsteilung -- Die künstliche Intelligenz wird enorm sein -- Die Tipping-Points werden elementar sein -- Wirtschaft 4.0 -- Die digitalen Fehler der Vergangenheit -- Der Status quo unserer Digitalen Wirtschaft -- Die erste Halbzeit : Digital verschlafen! -- Die zweite Halbzeit : Digital aufwachen! -- Die Spielregeln der digitalen Gegenwart -- Der Gewinner bekommt (fast) alles -- Die Ökonomie der Online-Plattformen -- Die Macht der Daten-Produkte -- Die Disruption per Geschäftsmodell -- Die Notwendigkeit zu "Digital Leadership" -- Die digitalen Geschäftsmodelle der Zukunft -- Das autonome Fahren (Autonomous Car) -- Die datengetriebene Industrie (IOT) -- Die datenoptimierte Energie (Smart Home) -- Die datengesteuerten Finanzen (FinTech) -- Die datengestützte Gesundheit (E-Health) -- Arbeit 4.0 -- Die digitale Arbeit in der Zukunft -- Die digitalen Jobs der Roboter -- Die digitale Technik für neue Arbeitsplätze -- Politik 4.0 -- Die Anforderungen an die Infrastrukturpolitik -- Der Netzausbau als digitale Grundbasis -- Die Netzneutralität als digitales Grundprinzip -- Die Netznutzung ohne digitale Diskriminierung -- Die Anforderungen an die Bildungspolitik -- Die Digitalkunde in der Grundschule -- Die Programmierung in weiterführenden Schulen -- Das E-Entrepreneurship an den Hochschulen -- Die (duale) Weiterbildung für die Digitale Wirtschaft -- Die Anforderungen an die Wirtschaftspolitik -- Die Unterstützung der digitalen Startups -- Die digitale Aktivierung des Mittelstands -- Die Rahmenbedingungen für die digitale Industrie -- Die Anforderungen an die Arbeitspolitik -- Die flexible (digitale) Beschäftigung fördern -- Das Recht auf (digitale) Weiterbildung -- Die Anforderungen an die Europapolitik -- Die digitale EU-Bildungsperspektive -- Das Ökosystem für digitale EU-Startups -- Das Risikokapital für digitale EU-Produkte -- Der Aufbau des digitalen EU-Binnenmarktes -- Die Digitale Transformation der EU-Wirtschaft -- Deutschland 4.0 -- Autoren -- Literatur..

Note: English

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort zur Reihe Vorwort Einleitung 1 Begriffskontexte 1.1 Information 1.2 Wissen 1.3 Kompetenz 1.4 Lernen / Aneignung 1.4.1 Einführung 1.4.2 Lerntheorien 1.4.3 Lebenslanges und selbstgesteuertes Lernen 1.4.4 Lernstile und Lerntypen 1.4.5 Lernraum 1.4.6 Kontextualisierungen 1.5 Lehren / Vermittlung / Didaktisches Handeln 1.5.1 Einführung 1.5.2 Didaktische Theorien, Modelle und Konzepte 1.5.3 Lernbegleitung / Lernberatung 1.5.4 Kontextualisierungen 1.6 Bildung 1.7 Zusammenfassung 2 Lernwelten im Wandel 2.1 Einführung 2.2 Begriffskontexte Lernwelten 2.3 Hochschulen und Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken 2.3.1 Überblick 2.3.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.3.3 Raumkonzepte 2.3.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.3.5 Zusammenfassung 2.4 öffentliche Bibliotheken 2.4.1 Überblick 2.4.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.4.3 Raumkonzepte 2.4.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.4.5 Zusammenfassung 2.5 Erwachsenenbildung / Weiterbildung 2.5.1 Überblick 2.5.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.5.3 Raumkonzepte 2.5.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.5.5 Zusammenfassung 2.6 Bildungs- und Kulturzentren - Learning Centres 2.6.1 Überblick 2.6.2 Angebotskonzepte 2.6.3 Raumkonzepte 2.6.4 Organisationskonzepte 2.6.5 Zusammenfassung 3 Zukünftige Perspektiven 3.1 Wandlungsprozesse 3.1.1 Herausforderungen 3.1.2 Vom Produkt zum Prozess 3.1.3 Vom Lehren zum Lernen 3.1.4 Vom Konsum zur Produktion 3.1.5 Von der Lehrumgebung zur Lernumgebung 3.1.6 Von der Addition zur Integration 3.2 Optionsraum Lebenslanges Lernen 3.2.1 Herausforderungen 3.2.2 Angebotsentwicklung 3.2.3 Lernraumentwicklung 3.2.4 Organisationsentwicklung 3.2.5 Kooperationsentwicklung 3.2.6 Stadt- / Regionalentwicklung 3.2.7 Perspektiven Literatur Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Zum Autor Register

Note: Table of Contents: Environmental changes in the Arctic: an Italian perspective / David Cappelletti, Roberto Azzolini, Leonardo Langone, Stefano Ventura, Angelo Viola, Stefano Aliani, Vito Vitale & Enrico Brugnoli Atmospheric observations at the Amundsen-Nobile Climate Change Tower in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard / Mauro Mazzola, Angelo Pietro Viola, Christian Lanconelli & Vito Vitale On turbulence characteristics at Ny-Ålesund–Svalbard / Francesco Tampieri, Angelo Pietro Viola, Mauro Mazzola & Armando Pelliccioni Variability features associated with ozone column and surface UV irradiance observed over Svalbard from 2008 to 2014 / Boyan H. Petkov, Vito Vitale, Mauro Mazzola, Angelo Lupi, Christian Lanconelli, Angelo Viola & Maurizio Busetto Air-snow exchange of reactive nitrogen species at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (Arctic) / Antonietta Ianniello, Francesca Spataro, Rosamaria Salvatori, Mauro Valt, Marianna Nardino, Mats P. Björkman, Giulio Esposito & Mauro Montagnoli Size distribution and ion composition of aerosol collected at Ny-Ålesund in the spring–summer field campaign 2013 / F. Giardi, S. Becagli, R. Traversi, D. Frosini, M. Severi, L. Caiazzo, C. Ancillotti, D. Cappelletti, B. Moroni, M. Grotti, A. Bazzano, A. Lupi, M. Mazzola, V. Vitale, O. Abollino, L. Ferrero, E. Bolzacchini, A. Viola & R. Udisti Multi-seasonal ultrafine aerosol particle number concentration measurements at the Gruvebadet observatory, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Islands / Angelo Lupi, Maurizio Busetto, Silvia Becagli, Fabio Giardi, Christian Lanconelli, Mauro Mazzola, Roberto Udisti, Hans-Christen Hansson, Tabea Henning, Boyan Petkov, Johan Ström, Radovan Krejci, Peter Tunved, Angelo Pietro Viola & Vito Vitale Elemental and lead isotopic composition of atmospheric particulate measured in the Arctic region (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Islands) / Andrea Bazzano, Francisco Ardini, Marco Grotti, Mery Malandrino, Agnese Giacomino, Ornella Abollino, David Cappelletti, Silvia Becagli, Rita Traversi & Roberto Udisti Sulfate source apportionment in the Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) Arctic aerosol / Roberto Udisti, Andrea Bazzano, Silvia Becagli, Ezio Bolzacchini, Laura Caiazzo, David Cappelletti, Luca Ferrero, Daniele Frosini, Fabio Giardi, Marco Grotti, Angelo Lupi, Mery Malandrino, Mauro Mazzola, Beatrice Moroni, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Angelo Viola & Vito Vitale Water-soluble trace, rare earth elements and organic compounds in Arctic aerosol / Clara Turetta, Roberta Zangrando, Elena Barbaro, Jacopo Gabrieli, Elisa Scalabrin, Piero Zennaro, Andrea Gambaro, Giuseppa Toscano & Carlo Barbante AGAP: an atmospheric gondola for aerosol profiling / Mauro Mazzola, Maurizio Busetto, Luca Ferrero, Angelo Pietro Viola & David Cappelletti Local vs. long-range sources of aerosol particles upon Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands): mineral chemistry and geochemical records / Beatrice Moroni, David Cappelletti, Luca Ferrero, Stefano Crocchianti, Maurizio Busetto, Mauro Mazzola, Silvia Becagli, Rita Traversi & Roberto Udisti Snowpack characteristics of Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard Islands / Mauro Valt & Rosamaria Salvatori Continuous monitoring of spectral albedo of snowed surfaces in Ny-Ålesund / Roberto Salzano, Christian Lanconelli, Rosamaria Salvatori, Giulio Esposito & Vito Vitale Evolution of the Svalbard annual snow layer during the melting phase / Andrea Spolaor, Elena Barbaro, Jean Marc Christille, Torben Kirchgeorg, Fabio Giardi, David Cappelletti, Clara Turetta, Andrea Bernagozzi, Mats P. Björkman, Enzo Bertolini & Carlo Barbante Characterization of seawater properties and ocean heat content in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Archipelago / Stefano Aliani, Roberta Sciascia, Ilaria Conese, Alessandra D’Angelo, Fabrizio Del Bianco, Federico Giglio, Leonardo Langone & Stefano Miserocchi Gas hydrate stability zone in shallow Arctic Ocean in presence of sub-sea permafrost / Umberta Tinivella & Michela Giustiniani A numerical algorithm for the assessment of the conjecture of a subglacial lake tested at Amundsenisen, Svalbard / Daniela Mansutti, Edoardo Bucchignani & Piotr Glowacki Trace elements in marine particulate and surface sediments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Islands / Francisco Ardini, Andrea Bazzano, Paola Rivaro, Francesco Soggia, Amanda Terol & Marco Grotti Stable isotopes and digital elevation models to study nutrient inputs in high-arctic lakes / Edoardo Calizza, Maria Letizia Costantini, David Rossi, Vittorio Pasquali, Giulio Careddu & Loreto Rossi Legacy and emergent POPs in the marine fauna of NE Greenland with special emphasis on the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus / Simonetta Corsolini, Karla Pozo & Jørgen S. Christiansen Body size-related constraints on the movement behaviour of the arctic notostracan Lepidurus arcticus (Pallas, 1973) under laboratory conditions / Giorgio Mancinelli & Vittorio Pasquali Geomorphological features of the Kongsfjorden area: Ny-Ålesund, Blomstrandøya (NW Svalbard, Norway) / Enrico Miccadei, Tommaso Piacentini & Claudio Berti Quantification of fracturing within fault damage zones affecting Late Proterozoic carbonates in Svalbard / Paola Cianfarra & F. Salvini Towards a calibration laboratory in Ny-Ålesund / Chiara Musacchio, Andrea Merlone, Angelo Viola, Vito Vitale & Marion Maturilli Development of an automatic sampler for extreme polar environments: first in situ application in Svalbard Islands / Giuseppe Zappalà, Gabriele Bruzzone, Gabriella Caruso & Maurizio Azzaro Isolation and degradation potential of a cold-adapted oil/PAH-degrading marine bacterial consortium from Kongsfjorden (Arctic region) / Francesca Crisafi, Laura Giuliano, Michail M. Yakimov, Maurizio Azzaro & Renata Denaro

Note: Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache

Note: Contents Part I Unraveling Microbial Diversity and Their Processes Phagotrophic Protists: Central Roles in Microbial Food Webs / Evelyn B. Sherr and Barry F. Sherr Overview Protists as Elemental Recyclers Protists as Consumers of Bacteria Protists as Consumers of Phytoplankton Protists in High Latitude Food Webs Looking to the Future References Drivers That Structure Biodiversity in the Plankton / Tatiana A. Rynearson and Susanne Menden-Deuer Plankton Biodiversity Alternate Hypotheses That Explain the Paradox of the Plankton An Organismal Perspective on the Paradox of the Plankton: A Biodiversity Explosion from Within? Linking Individual Level Behaviors with Plankton Ecology Pervasive Intra-specific Variability in the Genetic Diversity, Physiological Capacity, and Behavioral Repertoire of Plankton Evolution: Generating and Structuring Diversity over the Long Term Opportunities for Progress References The Elongated, the Squat and the Spherical: Selective Pressures for Phytoplankton Shape / Lee Karp-Boss and Emmanuel Boss Introduction Effects of Shape on Diffusion Other Selective Pressures References Crossing the Freshwater/Saline Barrier: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacteria Inhabiting Both Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems / Mina Bižić-Ionescu and Danny Ionescu Introduction Recent Data on Shared Taxa Synthesis of Published Sequence Data Future Perspectives References Approaches and Challenges for Linking Marine Biogeochemical Models with the “Omics” Revolution / Victoria J. Coles and Raleigh R. Hood Introduction Bridging the Cultural and Structural Divide Relating Existing Omics to Current Biogeochemical Models Near-Term Innovation Conclusions References Part II Viewing Growth and Trophodynamics Through a Stoichiometric Lens Out of Africa and into Stoichiometry / Susan S. Kilham and Peter Kilham References Exploring the Implications of the Stoichiometric Modulation of Planktonic Predation / Aditee Mitra and Kevin J. Flynn Introduction Characterising the Predator–Prey Stoichiometric Link Elemental Stoichiometry and Commercial Microalgal Production Effects of Temperature, Ocean Acidification and Nutrient Excess Avoiding Predation Stoichiometry and Mixotrophy Conclusions References . Part III Understanding the Mysteries of Light and Nitrogen On Saturating Response Curves from the Dual Perspectives of Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism / Todd M. Kana and Patricia M. Glibert Introduction Static vs. Dynamic Behavior Gradient Signals and Dynamics of Response Curves Overall Perspective on Dynamic Kinetics References Nitrate Reductase: A Nexus of Disciplines, Organisms, and Metabolism / Erica B. Young and John A. Berges Introduction Why Nitrate Reductase? Understanding That Has Emerged from Recent NR Measurements Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges Conclusion References The Ammonium Paradox of an Urban High- Nutrient Low-Growth Estuary / Frances Wilkerson and Richard Dugdale High-Nutrient Low-Growth Estuaries and Oligotrophication Observation of an Ammonium Paradox Ammonium: The Gatekeeper Controlling Access to Nitrate References Why Is Planktonic Nitrogen Fixation So Rare in Coastal Marine Ecosystems? Insights from a Cross-Systems Approach / Roxanne Marino and Robert W. Howarth References Where Light and Nutrients Collide: The Global Distribution and Activity of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers / Greg M. Silsbe and Sairah Y. Malkin At the Confluence of Light and Nutrients Distribution of Marine SCMLs Phytoplankton Production in SCMLs Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers in Lakes References Part IV Looking in the Rear View Mirror: The Long View on Changing Ecosystems An Ecosystem in Transition: The Emergence of Mixotrophy in the Arabian Sea / Joaquim I. Goes and Helga do R. Gomes Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion References The Saint Lawrence Island Polynya: A 25-Year Evaluation of an Analogue for Climate Change in Polar Regions / Jacqueline M. Grebmeier and Lee W. Cooper Introduction Synthesis Results and Discussion The Northern Bering Sea: Interannual Variability and Change Benthivores Overall Summary References Ecological Processes and Nutrient Transfers from Land to Sea: A 25-Year Perspective on Research and Management of the Seine River System / Josette Garnier and Gilles Billen Introduction 1850–1990: Organic Pollution and Oxygen 1990–2000: Eutrophication and Algal Bloom 2000–2015: Agricultural Pollution and Nitrate Contamination Conclusion: From Microbial Ecology to Territorial Biogeochemistry References A Historical Perspective on Eutrophication in the Pensacola Bay Estuary, FL, USA / Jane M. Caffrey and Michael C. Murrell Introduction Pensacola Bay Physical Setting Human Colonization of Pensacola Bay River and Estuarine Water Quality Controls on Primary Production, Organic Matter, and Nutrient Cycling Summary References Unpublished Reports Websites Meeting in the Middle: On the Interactions Between Microalgae and Their Predators or Zooplankton and Their Food / Karen H. Wiltshire and Maarten Boersma Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Lake Transparency: A Window into Decadal Variations in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Lakes of Acadia National Park, Maine / Collin Roesler and Charles Culbertson Introduction Methods Results Discussion References Part V Focusing on Unique Systems, Processes and Dynamics Phytoplankton Biodiversity in the Oligotrophic Northwestern Sargasso Sea / James L. Pinckney and Tammi L. Richardson Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Biological Oceanography of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia: A Review / Peter C. Rothlisberg and Michele A. Burford Introduction Study Area Currents and Hydrography Phytoplankton and the Role of Nutrients Zooplankton Penaeid Prawn Larval Ecology Larval Dispersal Mechanisms Summary Points References Discerning the Causes of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majuscula) Blooms in Moreton Bay, Australia / Judith M. O’Neil and William C. Dennison Introduction Nutrient Interactions Light Interactions Conceptual Model Broader Significance References Copepod, Ctenophore, and Schyphomedusae Control in Structuring the Chesapeake Bay Summer Mesohaline Planktonic Food Web / Kevin G. Sellner and Stella G. Sellner Introduction Methods Results and Discussion References Microbiogeochemical Ecophysiology of Freshwater Hydrothermal Vents in Mary Bay Canyon, Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park WY / Carmen Aguilar and Russell Cuhel Introduction Methods Big Picture Outcomes Closing Remarks References Index

Note: Contents Part I Plenary Talk 1 Putting Sensory Back into Voluntary Motor Control / Stephen H. Scott 2 Is Visual Processing in Primates Strictly Hierarchical? / Mark A.G. Eldridge, Samarth Chandra and Barry J. Richmond 3 Self-organization of a Second Kind: General Scope and a Cortical Case Study / Ichiro Tsuda 4 Toward Autonomous Intelligence: From Active 3D Vision to Invariant Object and Scene Learning, Recognition, and Search / Stephen Grossberg 5 The Cognitive Control of Goal-Directed Action: How Predictive Learning Affects Choice / Bernard W. Balleine 6 Functional Connectivity Mapping of Decision-Making in Drosophila Melanogaster / Aike Guo, Ke Zhang, Q.Z. Ren, H.F. Su and N.N. Chen 7 Neurodynamics of Decision-Making—A Computational Approach / Azadeh Hassannejad Nazir and Hans Liljenström 8 Brain Pattern Analysis Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Dewen Hu 9 Dopamine Prediction Errors and the Relativity of Value / Masamichi Sakagami and Shingo Tanaka 10 The Neural Mechanism of Direction- and Orientation-Selective Neurons for Processing Direction, Speed, and Axis of Motion in Early Visual Cortices / Hongliang Gong, Xu An, Liling Qian, Jiapeng Yin, Yiliang Lu and Wei Wang Part II Neural Dynamics in Motor and Sensory Systems 11 Stability and Flexibility During Human Motor Control / Taishin Nomura, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Chunjiang Fu, Naoya Yoshikawa, Ken Kiyono, Maura Casadio and Pietro Morasso 12 Context-Dependent Human Motor Memories: Function, Implementation, and Manipulation / Daichi Nozaki 13 A Model of Gait Cycle Variability During Human Walking / Chunjiang Fu, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Ken Kiyono and Taishin Nomura 14 Coordinate Systems in the Motor System: Computational Modeling and EEG Experiment / Hirokazu Tanaka, Makoto Miyakoshi and Scott Makeig 15 Simulation Study on Neuromuscular Model-Inspired Control Strategy for Variable Stiffness Actuators / Jun Zhu, Yu Wang and Heng Cao 16 Changes in the Inner Gene Expression of Lateral Olivocochlear Receptors After the Loss of the Descending Cortical Pathway / Miguel A. Merchan, Veronica Lamas and Jose Manuel Juiz 17 Effect of Parvalbumin Deficiency on Distributed Activity and Interactions in Neural Circuits Activated by Instrumental Learning / Agnès Gruart, José Maria Delgado-García and Alessandra Lintas 18 Dynamic Patterns of Cortical Activation During Different Types of Learning Tasks and Unpredictable Situations / José M. Delgado-García, Raudel Sánchez-Campusano, Iván Fernández-Lamo and Agnès Gruart 19 The Application of Spatiotemporal Energy Model in the Simulation of Population Responses in Early Visual Cortices / Yiliang Lu, Xu An, Hongliang Gong and Wei Wang 20 Aspect Ratio of the Receptive Field Makes a Major Contribution to the Bandwidth of Orientation Selectivity in Cat V1 / Tao Xu, Ming Li, Ke Chen, Ling Wang and Hong-Mei Yan 21 Nonlinear Dynamical Analysis of Spontaneous EEG Recordings in Rats After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury / Pu Jiangbo, Xu Hanhui, Wang Yazhou, Cui Hongyan and Hu Yong Part III Interactive Dynamics in Cognitive Functions 22 Causality in Neuroscience and Its Limitations: Bottom-up, Top-down, and Round-About / Hans A. Braun 23 Decisions and Downward Causation in Neural Systems / Hans Liljenström and Azadeh Hassannejad Nazir 24 Top-down and/or Bottom-up Causality: The Notion of Relatedness in the Human Brain / Kim C. Wende and Andreas Jansen 25 Overviewing Causality or Over-Interpreting Noise: Is Modern Neuroscience Shaping Our View of the Human Mind? / Kim C. Wende and Andreas Jansen 26 Theoretical Models of Decision-Making in the Ultimatum Game: Fairness vs. Reason / Tatiana V. Guy, Miroslav Kárný, Alessandra Lintas and Alessandro E.P. Villa 27 Dynamic Interactions in Prefrontal Functional Connectivity During Adolescence / Xin Zhou, Emilio Salinas, Terrence R. Stanford and Christos Constantinidis 28 Causal Interaction Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum Estimated by Granger Causality / Xiaochuan Pan, Rubin Wang and Masamichi Sakagami 29 Two Strategies for Interactive Planning / Jiro Okuda 30 TMS-EEG for Probing Distinct Modes of Neural Dynamics in the Human Brain / Keiichi Kitajo and Yuka O. Okazaki 31 Estimating Information Transmission Time Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum by Transfer Entropy / Kaidi Shao, Xiaochuan Pan and Rubin Wang 32 Reward-Modulated Functional Connectivity Between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum / Yan Zhang, Xiaochuan Pan and Rubin Wang 33 On the Role of Intrinsic Rewards in Communication / Jan Lauwereyns and Shizuka Sakurai Lauwereyns Part IV Neural Dynamics in Hippocampus 34 Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Synaptic Plasticity from Vascular Dementia-Induced Damage via Inhibiting Autophagy on Rats / Chunhua Liu, Tao Zhang and Zhuo Yang 35 The Impact of Nasal Copper Nanoparticle Exposure on Rats’ Synaptic Plasticity and Spatial Cognition / Ye Liu, Wei Guan, Jinzhe Liu and Zhuo Yang 36 Theta Phase Time-Delayed Modulating Low Gamma Amplitude in Hippocampal CA3–CA1 Network / Chenguang Zheng, Qun Li, Yiyi Wang and Tao Zhang 37 Roles of DA and 5-HT in Modulating Neural Oscillatory Synchronization / Chenguang Zheng and Tao Zhang 38 Dynamic Information Routing in the Hippocampus / Hiroshi Nishida, Muneyoshi Takahashi and Jan Lauwereyns 39 Rule Switching Affects Cross-Frequency Couplings in Rat Hippocampus / Tomoaki Nakazono, Susumu Takahashi and Yoshio Sakurai Part V Imaging Cognitive Networks 40 Functional Connectivity Analysis of Cognitive Reappraisal Using Sparse Spectral Clustering Method / Ling Zou, Yi Xu, Zhongyi Jiang, Zhuqing Jiao, Changjie Pan and Renlai Zhou 41 Theta Coupling in the Human EEG During the Control of Bottom-up and Top-down Attention / Dandan Zhao and Ling Li 42 Phase-Dependent Alteration of Functional Connectivity Density During Face Recognition in the Infra-slow Frequency Range / Yifeng Wang, Feng Liu, Xiujuan Jing, Zhiliang Long and Huafu Chen 43 The Supramodal Brain Network for the Recognition of Faces and Bodies: Is Visual Experience Necessary for the Development of High-Order Visual Cortices? / Ryo Kitada 44 Over-Complete Analysis for Resting-State fMRI Data / Ruiyang Ge, Li Yao, Hang Zhang, Xia Wu and Zhiying Long 45 Decoding Brain States with Simulated Microgravity from Baseline Using Functional Connectivity of Default Network / Ling-Li Zeng, Yang Liao, Hui Shen, Xufeng Liu and Dewen Hu 46 Experimental Studies on the Contralateral Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow Using a Patient-Specific Aneurysm Model / Lizhong Mu, Ying He, Junyuan Chen, Xunjie Yu, Jianhui Wei, Changjin Ji and Jiaqi Lv 47 A Robust Coherence-Based Brain Connectivity Method with an Application to EEG Recordings / Jiaqing Yan, Jianbin Wen, Yinghua Wang, Xianzeng Liu and Xiaoli Li Part VI Advanced Brain Computer Interaction 48 Robust Averaging of Covariance Matrices by Riemannian Geometry for Motor-Imagery Brain–Computer Interfacing / Takashi Uehara, Toshihisa Tanaka and Simone Fiori 49 Vibrotactile Brain–Computer Interface with Error-Detecting Codes / Sittipong Apichartstaporn, Kitsuchart Pasupa and Yoshikazu Washizawa 50 Sparse Support Vector Machine for Simultaneous Feature Selection and Classification in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI / Yu Zhang, Yu Wang, Jing Jin and Xingyu Wang 51 QEEG Coherence Evaluation for Soccer Performance Level Analysis of the Striker / Kittichai Tharawadeepimuk and Yodchanan Wongsawat 52 BCI-Based Mobile Phone Using SSVEP Techniques / Dongsheng Wang, Toshiki Kobayashi, Gaochao Cui, Daishi Watabe and Jianting Cao 53 Two-Step Input Spatial Auditory BCI for Japanese Kana Characters / Moonjeong Chang and Tomasz M. Rutkowski 54 Resting-State Long-Range Functional Connectivity Density Reveals Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based BCI Performance Variations / Rui Zhang, Tao Zhang, Teng Ma, Fali Li, Dezhong Yao and Peng Xu 55 On the Correlations of Motor Imagery of Swallow with Motor Imagery of Tongue Movements and Actual Swallow / Huijuan Yang, Cuntai Guan, Chuan Chu Wang, Kai Keng Ang, Kok Soon Phua, See San Chok, Christina Ka Yin Tang and Karen Sui Geok Chua

Note: Contents 1 Marine Ecosystem: An Overview 1.1 Benthic Compartment 1.1.1 Supralittoral Zone 1.1.2 Eulittoral Zone 1.1.3 Sublittoral Zone 1.1.4 Continental Shelf 1.1.5 Continental Slope 1.1.6 Bathyal Zone 1.1.7 Abyssal Plains 1.1.8 Hadal Zone 1.2 Aquatic Compartment 1.2.1 Classification on the Basis of Light Penetration 1.2.2 How to Estimate the Age of Ocean Water? 1.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Consumption Method 1.2.4 Decay Rate of 14C Method 1.2.5 90Sr Content Method 1.2.6 Hydrogen Isotope Method Brain Churners Annexure References 2 Estuarine Ecosystem: An Overview 2.1 Definition and Ecosystem Services 2.1.1 Ecosystem Services 2.2 Classification Brain Churners Annexure References 3 Physical Processes in the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 3.1 Waves and Tides 3.1.1 Tides 3.1.2 Theories Related to Tides 3.1.3 Tidal Bore and Tide in Rivers 3.2 Currents 3.2.1 Upwelling and Downwelling: Causes and Significance 3.2.2 Factors Regulating the Pattern and Distribution of Currents 3.2.3 What Happens Practically? 3.2.4 El Niño Brain Churners Annexure References 4 Abiotic Variables of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 4.1 Chemical Components 4.1.1 Spatio-temporal Variations of Salinity 4.1.2 Deep-Water Salinity 4.1.3 Conservative and Non-conservative Ions 4.1.4 Dissolved Gases in Seawater 4.1.5 Nutrients 4.2 Sediment Compartment 4.2.1 Transportation of Marine Sediments 4.2.2 Classification of Marine Sediments 4.2.3 Ooze: Definition and Type 4.2.4 Sediment Deposition: A Boon or a Curse? Brain Churners Annexure References 5 Producers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 5.1 Phytoplankton Community 5.1.1 Diatoms 5.1.2 Dinoflagellates 5.1.3 Coccolithophores 5.1.4 Blue-Green Algae 5.1.5 Green Algae 5.1.6 Classification of Phytoplankton 5.2 Macrophytes 5.2.1 Seaweed Community 5.2.2 Mangroves 5.2.3 Seagrass and Salt Marsh Grass Brain Churners Annexure References 6 Consumers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 6.1 Zooplankton Community 6.1.1 Zooplankton: Do They Maintain Uniformity in Their Life Timeline? 6.2 Vertebrate Community 6.2.1 Fishes 6.2.2 Reptiles 6.2.3 Sea Birds 6.2.4 Marine Mammals Brain Churners Annexure References 7 Decomposers of the Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 7.1 Overview of Marine and Estuarine Microbes 7.1.1 Marine Organisms as Habitats of Microorganisms 7.1.2 Identification of Marine and Estuarine Microorganisms: A Molecular Genetic Approach 7.2 Importance of Marine and Estuarine Microbes 7.2.1 Production of Antibiotics 7.2.2 Production of Antitumour Compounds 7.2.3 Production of Enzyme 7.2.4 Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon 7.2.5 Degradation of Mangrove Litter 7.2.6 Drugs from Marine Microbes Brain Churners Annexure References 8 Adaptation of Marine and Estuarine Organisms 8.1 Adaptation of Organisms in the Intertidal Zone 8.1.1 Adaptation of Biota Inhabiting Rocky Shore 8.1.2 Adaptation of Biota Inhabiting Soft Substratum 8.2 Adaptation of Organisms Inhabiting Deep Sea 8.2.1 Morphological Adaptations 8.2.2 Biochemical Adaptations 8.2.3 Vent Communities of the Deep Sea 8.2.4 Properties of Vent Community Brain Churners Annexure References 9 Hot Spots of Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 9.1 Mangroves 9.2 Coral Reefs 9.2.1 Types of Coral Reefs 9.2.2 Coral Reef Characteristics 9.2.3 Reef Productivity Brain Churners Annexure References 10 Threats to Marine and Estuarine Ecosystems 10.1 Natural Threats 10.1.1 Alteration of the Earth’s Orbit 10.1.2 Natural Oscillation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 10.1.3 Volcanic Activities 10.1.4 Variations in Solar Output 10.1.5 Plate Tectonics 10.1.6 Natural Disasters and Extreme Weather Events 10.2 Anthropogenic Threats 10.2.1 Pollution 10.2.2 Aquaculture 10.2.3 Unplanned Tourism 10.2.4 Introduction of Alien Species 10.2.5 Development of Coastal Structures 10.2.6 Negative Fishing Brain Churners Annexure References 11 Conservation of Marine and Estuarine Resources 11.1 Conservation or Preservation? 11.2 Tiers for Conservation 11.2.1 Habitat Diversity 11.2.2 Community and Ecosystem Diversity 11.2.3 Functional Diversity 11.2.4 Population Diversity 11.2.5 Phyletic Diversity 11.2.6 Species Diversity 11.2.7 Genetic Diversity Brain Churners Annexure References 12 Instruments and Methods 12.1 Instruments 12.1.1 Instruments Used for Physical Oceanographic Study 12.1.2 Instruments Used for Geological Oceanographic Study 12.1.3 Instruments Used for Chemical Oceanographic Study 12.1.4 Instruments Used for Biological Oceanographic Study 12.2 Application of Satellites in Marine and Estuarine Researches Brain Churners Annexure References Erratum

Note: Contents Part I The Algae Cell The Cell Cycle of Microalgae / Vilém Zachleder, Kateřina Bišová, and Milada Vítová Biosynthesis of the Cell Walls of the Algae / David S. Domozych Part II The Fundamental Physiological Processes Photosynthesis and Light Harvesting in Algae / Anthony W. Larkum Carbon Acquisition by Microalgae / John Beardall and John A. Raven Fundamentals and Recent Advances in Hydrogen Production and Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria / Namita Khanna, Patrícia Raleiras, and Peter Lindblad Dark Respiration and Organic Carbon Loss / John A. Raven and John Beardall Part III Nutrients and Their Acquisition Combined Nitrogen / John A. Raven and Mario Giordano Nutrients and Their Acquisition: Phosphorus Physiology in Microalgae / Sonya T. Dyhrman Sulphur and Algae: Metabolism, Ecology and Evolution / Mario Giordano and Laura Prioretti Micronutrients / Antonietta Quigg Iron / Adrian Marchetti and Maria T. Maldonado Selenium in Algae / Hiroya Araie and Yoshihiro Shiraiwa Silicification in the Microalgae / Zoe V. Finkel Calcification / Alison R. Taylor and Colin Brownlee Part IV Algae Interactions with Environment Chemically-Mediated Interactions in Microalgae / Michael A. Borowitzka Coping with High and Variable Salinity: Molecular Aspects of Compatible Solute Accumulation / Martin Hagemann Effects of Global Change, Including UV and UV Screening Compounds / Richa, Rajeshwar P. Sinha, and Donat-P. Häder Part V Secondary Metabolites Lipid Metabolism in Microalgae / Inna Khozin-Goldberg Sterols in Microalgae / John K. Volkman Carotenoids / Einar Skarstad Egeland Exocellular Polysaccharides in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Chemical Features, Role and Enzymes and Genes Involved in Their Biosynthesis / Federico Rossi and Roberto De Philippis Algae Genome-Scale Reconstruction, Modelling and Applications / Cristiana G.O. Dal’Molin and Lars K. Nielsen Part VI Applications Algal Physiology and Large-Scale Outdoor Cultures of Microalgae / Michael A. Borowitzka Part VII Systematics and Taxonomy Systematics, Taxonomy and Species Names: Do They Matter? / Michael A. Borowitzka

Note: Contents 1 Introduction References Part I Mine Design, Mine Mapping and Sampling 2 Mining Methods 2.1 Open Pit Mines 2.2 Underground Mines 2.2.1 Underground Selective Mining Methods 2.2.2 Underground Bulk Mining Methods 2.2.3 Mining of the Gently Dipping Ore Bodies 2.3 Unconventional Mining 2.3.1 In situ Leach (ISL) Technique 2.3.2 Dredging of the Mineral Sands References 3 Mine Mapping 3.1 Mine Mapping Principles 3.2 Mapping Open Pit Mines 3.3 Mapping of Underground Mines 3.4 Mapping Using Digital Photogrammetry and Laser Technologies 3.4.1 Mapping Mining Faces Using Photogrammetry 3.4.2 Remote Mapping of the Mines Using Laser 3.5 Optimisation of the Mine Mapping Procedures References 4 Drilling Techniques and Drill Holes Logging 4.1 Drilling Methods 4.2 Diamond Core Drilling 4.2.1 Core Quality and Representativeness 4.2.2 Orientated Core 4.2.3 Logging Diamond Core Holes 4.2.4 Sampling Diamond Core 4.3 Open Hole Percussion Drilling 4.3.1 Sampling Blastholes for Grade Control Purpose in the Open Pits 4.3.2 Use of ‘Jumbo’ Drilling for Delineation of Underground Stopes 4.4 Reverse Circulation (RC) Percussion Drilling 4.4.1 Logging RC Holes 4.4.2 Sampling RC Holes 4.5 Sonic Drilling Technologies 4.5.1 Strength and Weakness of the Sonic Drilling 4.5.2 Logging and Sampling Sonic Drill Holes 4.6 Auger Drilling 4.7 Rotary Drilling Using Tricone Bit References 5 Sampling of the Mine Workings 5.1 Sampling Rock Faces in the Underground Mines 5.1.1 Channel Sampling 5.1.2 Rock Chip Sampling 5.2 Sampling of the Broken Ore 5.3 Trenching and Winzing References 6 Geotechnical Logging and Mapping 6.1 Geotechnical Logging of the Drill Core 6.1.1 Drilling Parameters and Core Recovery 6.1.2 Rock Weathering 6.1.3 Rock Strength 6.1.4 Rock Quality Designation Index (RQD) 6.1.5 Natural Breaks 6.2 Geotechnical Mapping 6.3 Geotechnical Applications of Rock Mass Classification Schemes References 7 Dry Bulk Density (DBD) of Rocks 7.1 Types of the Rock Densities Used in the Mining Industry 7.2 Dry Bulk Density Measurement Techniques 7.2.1 Competent Non-porous Rocks 7.2.2 Porous and Weathered Rocks 7.2.3 Non-consolidated Sediments 7.3 Spatial Distribution of the Rock Density Measurements References 8 Data Points Location (Surveying) 8.1 Surface Points Location 8.2 Down-Hole Survey Reference Part II Sampling Errors 9 Introduction to the Theory of Sampling 9.1 Types of Sampling Errors 9.2 Fundamental Sampling Error 9.2.1 Theoretical Background 9.2.2 Experimental Calibration of the Sampling 9.2.3 Sampling Nomogram 9.3 Grouping – Segregation Error 9.4 Errors Related to the Sampling Practices 9.5 Instrumental Errors References 10 Quality Control and Assurance (QAQC) 10.1 Accuracy Control 10.1.1 Statistical Tests for Assessing Performance of the Standard Samples 10.1.2 Statistical Tests for Assessing the Data Bias Using the Duplicate Samples 10.1.3 Diagnostic Diagram: Pattern Recognition Method 10.2 Precision Control 10.2.1 Matching Pairs of Data 10.2.2 Processing and Interpretation of Duplicate Samples 10.3 Comparative Analysis of the Statistical Estimation Methods 10.4 Guidelines for Optimisation of the Sampling Programmes 10.4.1 Planning and Implementation of the Sampling Programmes 10.4.2 Frequency of Inserting QAQC Material to Assay Batches 10.4.3 Distribution of the Reference Materials 10.4.4 Distribution of the Duplicate Samples References 11 Twin Holes 11.1 Method Overview 11.1.1 Objectives of the Twinned Holes Study 11.1.2 Statistical Treatment of the Results 11.1.3 Distance Between Twinned Holes 11.1.4 Drilling Quality and Quantity 11.1.5 Comparison of Studied Variables 11.1.6 Practice of Drilling Twinned Holes for Mining Geology Applications 11.2 Case Studies 11.2.1 Gold Deposits: Confirmation of High-Grade Intersections 11.2.2 Twin Holes Studies in Iron Ore Deposits 11.2.3 Mineral Sands Deposits: Validation of Historic Drilling 11.2.4 Bauxites: Use of Twin Holes as a Routine Control of Drilling Quality References 12 Database 12.1 Construction of the Database 12.2 Data Entry 12.2.1 Electronic Data Transfer 12.2.2 Keyboard Data Entry 12.2.3 Special Values 12.3 Management of the Data Flow 12.4 Database Safety and Security References Part III Mineral Resources 13 Data Preparation 13.1 Data Compositing 13.1.1 Data Coding 13.1.2 Compositing Algorithms 13.1.3 Choice of the Optimal Compositing Intervals 13.1.4 Validating of the Composited Assays 13.2 High Grade Cut-Off References 14 Geological Constraints of Mineralisation 14.1 Introduction to Wireframing 14.2 Characterisation of the Mineralisation Contacts 14.2.1 Contact Profile 14.2.2 Determining of the Cut-Off Value for Constraining Mineralisation 14.2.3 Contact Topography 14.2.4 Uncertainty of the Contacts 14.3 Geometry and Internal Structure of the Mineralised Domains 14.3.1 Unfolding References 15 Exploratory Data Analysis 15.1 Objective of the EDA 15.2 Overview of the EDA Techniques 15.2.1 Spider Diagram 15.2.2 Data Declustering 15.2.3 Q-Q Plots 15.2.4 Box-and-Whisker Plot (Box Plot) 15.3 Grouping and Analysis of the Data 15.3.1 Data Types 15.3.2 Data Generations 15.3.3 Grouping Samples by Geological Characteristics 15.4 Statistical Analysis of the Resource Domains References 16 Resource Estimation Methods 16.1 Polygonal Method 16.2 Estimation by Triangulation 16.3 Cross-Sectional Method 16.3.1 Extrapolation of the Cross-Sections 16.3.2 Interpolation Between Cross-Sections 16.4 Estimation by Panels 16.5 Inverse Distance Weighting Method References Part IV Applied Mining Geostatistics 17 Introduction to Geostatistics 17.1 Regionalised Variable and Random Function 17.2 Stationarity and Intrinsic Hypothesis References 18 Variography 18.1 Quantitative Analysis of the Spatial Continuity 18.2 Intuitive Look at Variogram 18.3 Geostatistical Definition of Variogram 18.4 Directional, Omnidirectional and Average Variograms 18.5 Properties of the Variograms 18.5.1 Behaviour Near Origin 18.5.2 Anisotropy 18.6 Analysis of the Data Continuity Using a Variogram Map 18.7 Presence of Drift 18.8 Proportional Effect 18.9 Variogram Sill and the Sample Variance 18.10 Impact of the Different Support 18.11 Variogram Models 18.11.1 Common Variogram Models 18.11.2 Modelling Geometric Anisotropy 18.11.3 Nested Structures 18.11.4 Modelling Zonal Anisotropy 18.12 Troublesome Variograms 18.12.1 Hole Effect 18.12.2 Saw-Tooth Shaped and Erratic Variograms 18.13 Alternative Measures of a Spatial Continuity 18.13.1 Variograms of the Gaussian Transformed Values 18.13.2 Relative (Normalised) Variograms 18.13.3 Different Structural Tools 18.14 Indicator Variograms 18.15 Variograms in the Multivariate Environment 18.15.1 Multivariate Geostatistical Functions 18.15.2 Linear Model of Coregionalisation References 19 Methods of the Linear Geostatistics (Kriging) 19.1 Geostatistical Resource Estimation 19.2 Kriging System 19.2.1 Ordinary Kriging 19.2.2 Simple Kriging 19.2.3 Simple Versus Ordinary Kriging 19.3 Properties of Kriging 19.3.1 Exactitude Property of Kriging 19.3.2 Negative Kriging Weights and Screening Effect 19.3.3 Smoothing Effect 19.3.4 Kriging Variance 19.3.5 Conditional Bias 19.4 Block Kriging 19.4.1 Blocks and Point Estimates 19.4.2 Kriging of the Small Blocks References 20 Multivariate Geostatistics 20.1 Theoretical Background of Multivariate Geostatistics 20.1.1 Ordinary Co-kriging 20.1.2 Collocated Co-kriging 20.1.3 Properties of the Co-kriging 20.2 Kriging with External Drift References 21 Multiple Indicator Kriging 21.1 Methodology of the Multiple Indicator Kriging 21.2 Practical Notes on the Indicators Post-Processing References 22 Estimation of the Recoverable Resources 22.1 Change of Support Concept 22.1.1 Dispersion Variance 22.1.2 Volume Variance Relations 22.1.3 Conditions for Change-of-Support Models 22.2 Global Change of Support Methods 22.2.1 Affine Correction 22.2.2 Discrete Gaussian Change of Support 22.3 Local Change of Support Methods 22.3.1 Uniform Conditioning 22.3.2 Localised Uniform Conditioning 22.3.3 Application of the LUC

Note: Contents 1 Introduction / Harald Heinrichs, Arnim Wiek, Pim Martens, and Gerd Michelsen 2 Sustainable Development – Background and Context / Gerd Michelsen, Maik Adomßent, Pim Martens, and Michael von Hauff 3 Transformational Sustainability Research Methodology / Arnim Wiek and Daniel J. Lang 4 Green and Sustainable Chemistry / Klaus Kümmerer and James Clark 5 Sustainability and Ecosystems / Henrik von Wehrden, Goddert von Oheimb, David J. Abson, and Werner Härdtle 6 Sustainability Assessment of Technologies / Sjouke Beemsterboer and René Kemp 7 Corporate Sustainability Management / Stefan Schaltegger, Erik G. Hansen, and Heiko Spitzeck 8 Sustainable Development in Economics / Michael von Hauff 9 Sustainable Development and Law / Marjan Peeters and Thomas Schomerus 10 Finance and Sustainability / Olaf Weber 11 Sustainability: Politics and Governance / Harald Heinrichs and Frank Biermann 12 Sustainability Communication / Daniel Fischer, Gesa Lüdecke, Jasmin Godemann, Gerd Michelsen, Jens Newig, Marco Rieckmann, and Daniel Schulz 13 Sustainability and Science Policy / Uwe Schneidewind, Mandy Singer-Brodowksi, and Karoline Augenstein 14 Justice and Sustainability / Sonja Klinsky and Aaron Golub 15 Sustainability Ethics / Nils Ole Oermann and Annika Weinert 16 Ocean Space and Sustainability / Jan H. Stel 17 Sustainable Landscape Development / Michael Stauffacher and Pius Krütli 18 Sustainable Development and Material Flows / Beatrice John, Andreas Möller, and Annika Weiser 19 Sustainable Energy Systems / Stefan Lechtenböhmer and Lars J. Nilsson 20 Sustainability and Health / Maud M.T.E. Huynen and Pim Martens 21 Mobility and Sustainability / Aaron Golub 22 International Development and Sustainability / Rimjhim M. Aggarwal 23 Tourism and Sustainability / David Manuel-Navarrete 24 Consumption and Sustainability / John Harlow, Michael J. Bernstein, Bastien Girod, and Arnim Wiek 25 Climate Change: Responding to a Major Challenge for Sustainable Development / Pim Martens, Darryn McEvoy, and Chiung Ting Chang 26 Art and Sustainability / Heather Sealy Lineberry and Arnim Wiek 27 Teaching and Learning in Sustainability Science / Matthias Barth 28 Education for Sustainable Development / Niko Roorda and Han van Son 29 Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning for Sustainable Development / Ron Cörvers, Arnim Wiek, Joop de Kraker, Daniel J. Lang, and Pim Martens 30 Science for Sustainability – A Societal and Political Perspective / Günther Bachmann

Note: Contents 1 Introducing Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 / Volker Siegel 2 Distribution, Biomass and Demography of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba / Volker Siegel and Jonathan L. Watkins 3 Age, Growth, Mortality, and Recruitment of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba / Christian S. Reiss 4 Physiology of Euphausia superba / Bettina Meyer and Mathias Teschke 5 Feeding and Food Processing in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana) / Katrin Schmidt and Angus Atkinson 6 Reproduction and Larval Development in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) / So Kawaguchi 7 Genetics of Antarctic Krill / Simon N. Jarman and Bruce E. Deagle 8 Swarming and Behaviour in Antarctic Krill / Geraint A. Tarling and Sophie Fielding 9 The Importance of Krill Predation in the Southern Ocean / Philip N. Trathan and Simeon L. Hill 10 Parasites and Diseases / Jaime Go´mez-Gutie´rrez and Jose´ Rau´l Morales-A´ vila 11 The Fishery for Antarctic Krill: Its Current Status and Management Regime / Stephen Nicol and Jacqueline Foster Glossary Subject Index Genera and Species Index

Note: Contents: i The Problem wirh Homo economicus ; ii A Constitution for Knaves ; Moral Sentiments and Material Interests ; iv Incentives as Information ; v A Liberal Civic Culture ; vi The Legislators Dilemma ; vii A Mandate for Aristotle's Legislator

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x

Note: Enthält 5 Publikationen: 1) Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Guido Grosse, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 2) Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 3 weitere] 3) Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain / Josefine Lenz, Sebastian Wetterich, Benjamin M. Jones [und 5 weitere] 4) Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) / Josefine Lenz, Michael Fritz, Lutz Schirrmeister [und 4 weitere] 5) Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) / Michael Fritz, Ingmar Unkel, Josefine Lenz [und 6 weitere] , Table of contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1 Thesis organization 1.1 Overview of chapters 1.2 Author contribution 2 Introduction 2.1 Scientific background 2.1.1 Arctic environments and permafrost in the study region of Beringia 2.1.2 Permafrost degradation and its global feedbacks 2.1.3 Thermokarst lakes and basins as paleoenvironmental archives 2.2 Aims and approaches 3 Mid Wisconsin to Holocene permafrost and landscape dynamics based on a drained lake basin core from the northern Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Material and methods 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Core stratigraphy 3.5.2 Cryostratigraphy 3.5.3 Grain size distribution 3.5.4 Magnetic susceptibility 3.5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics 3.5.6 Tephra 3.5.7 Palaeoecology 3.5.8 Geochronology 3.6 Discussion 3.7 Conclusions 4 Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11,800-year old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Material and methods 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Geochronology 4.5.2 Cryolithological description 4.5.3 Geochemical results 4.5.4 Bioindicators 4.5.5 Characteristics of intra-sedimentary ice and comparison with modern waters 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Thermokarst lake dynamics 4.6.2 Regional lake dynamics and global environmental change 4.6.3 Carbon cycling 4.7 Conclusions 5 Impacts of shore expansion and catchment characteristics on lacustrine thermokarst records in permafrost lowlands, Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study area 5.4 Material and methods 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Sedimentological results of near-shore core P1 5.5.2 Sedimentological and palynological results of lake center-cores P2 (and P3) 5.5.3 Lake age estimation 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Thermokarst lake development 5.6.2 Impact of catchment genesis and morphology on the lake sediment record 5.6.3 Carbon degradation 5.7 Conclusions 6 Synthesis 6.1 Study sites in central-eastern Beringia: Similarities and differences 6.2 Permafrost degradation and thermokarst development in central-eastern Beringia 6.2.1 Timing of thermokarst development 6.2.2 Environmental factors supporting and inhibiting thermokarst 6.3 Processes of thermokarst lake development and their imprint in proxy records 6.4 Contribution of thermokarst dynamics to the carbon cycle 6.5 Potentials/limitations of thermokarst lake archives and outlook Bibliography Appendix I: Periglacial landscape dynamics in the western Canadian Arctic: Results from a thermokarst lake record on a push moraine (Herschel Island, Yukon) I-1 Abstract I-2 Introduction I-3 Study area I-4 Material and methods I-5 Results I-5.1 Core lithology I-5.2 Radiography I-5.3 Magnetic susceptibility and water content I-5.4 Grain size distribution I-5.5 Biogeochemical characteristics I-5.6 Geochronology I-6 Discussion I-6.1 Evolution of Lake Herschel I-6.2 Paleoenvironmental implications of the Lake Herschel record I-7 Conclusions Appendix II: Regional environmental change versus local signal preservation in Holocene thermokarst lake sediments: A case study from Herschel Island, Yukon (Canada) II-1 Abstract II-2 Introduction and study area II-3 Material and methods II-3.1 Sediment core II-3.2 Radiocarbon dating and age modelling II-3.3 Pore-water chemistry II-3.4 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning II-3.5 Micropaleontology II-4 Results II-4.1 Chronostratigraphy: The revised age model II-4.2 XRF chemistry II-4.3 Pore-water chemistry II-4.4 Calcareous microfossils II-4.5 Pollen II-5 Discussion II-5.1 Sedimentation history of Lake Herschel II-5.2 Limnological, sedimentary and geochemical properties predefine the habitat I-5.3 Autochthonous versus allochthonous deposition of calcareous microfossils II-5.4 Regional pollen-based reconstruction of vegetation and climate II-6 Conclusions Acknowledgements

Note: Contents: Managing Water, Soil, and Waste in the Context of Global Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Water and Land Context ; Climate Change, Profligacy, Poverty and Destruction: All Things Are Connected ; Urbanization as a Main Driver of Global Change ; A Nexus Approach to Urban and Regional Planning Using the Four-Capital Framework of Ecological Economics ; The Urban Water–Energy Nexus: Building Resilience for Global Change in the “Urban Century” ; Population Growth and Increased Demand for Resources ; Role of Soils for Satisfying Global Demands for Food, Water, and Bioenergy ; Implications of the Nexus Approach When Assessing Water and Soil Quality as a Function of Solid and Liquid Waste Management

Note: Contents: Introduction ; Horizontal Policies: General Aspects ; The Circulation of the Model of Sustainable Development: Tracing the Path in a Comparative Law Perspective ; 3-D Sustainability and Its Contribution to Governance Assessment in Legal Terms: Examples and Perspectives ; Sustainability—A Long, Hard Road ; Horizontal Policies: Human and Intellectual Property Rights ; Environmental Sustainability as a Human Right ; Ensuring Access to Safe Drinking Water as an Imperative of Sustainable Development ; Ensuring a Sustainable Future Through Recognizing and Protecting Indigenous Ecological Knowledge ; Horizontal policies: Communication and Social Enterprise Governance ; Framing New Environmental Cultures for Sustainability. Communication and Sensemaking in Three Intractable Multiparty Conflicts in the EbreBiosfera, Spain ; An Empirical Investigation of Supportive Legal Frameworks for Social Enterprises in Belgium: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Case Studies Concerning Social Enterprises in the Social Housing, Finance and Energy Sector ; Horizontal Policies: Public Participation ; Judicial Control Over Acts of Administrative Omission: Environmental Rule of Law and Recent Case Law in Japan ; Examining the Resilience of Public Participation Structures for Sustainable Mining in the Philippines ; Public Participation and Constitutional Impediments to Sustainable Development in Nigeria ; Horizontal Policies: Assessment Tools ; A Global Conceptual Framework for Categorizing Environmental Change Based on Property Rights and Compensation ; Prioritising the Environment in Sustainable Development: Lessons from Australian Environmental Impact Assessment ; Reframing Sustainability in Taiwan: Legal Challenges and Opportunities ; Sectorial Policies: Forest and Water Management ; A Legal Butterfly Effect: Unexpected Twists and Turns of the Law in Costa Rica’s Payment for Ecosystem Services Program ; From River Basins to Landscapes—Holistic Legal Constructs and Their Differentiation ; Coherence Issues Between Climate, Energy and Water in the Case of European Hydropower: Can We Have It All? ; Sectorial Policies: Renewable Energy ; Generating Renewable Energy for the Material Realization of Sustainable Development: What Do We Need from Multilateral Cooperation, the Climate Change and the International Trade Regimes? ; The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard and the Revocation of Feed in Tariffs—Foreign Renewable Energy Investments in Crisis-Struck Spain ; Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Sustainability into Policymaking, Planning and Implementation of Renewable Energy Projects—The New Zealand Model ; Tackling Climate Change Through the Elimination of Trade Barriers for Low-Carbon Goods: Multilateral, Plurilateral and Regional Approaches ; Sectorial Policies: Cities, Waste and Material Management ; Environmental Integration in China’s Eco-city Development—From an Institutional Perspective ; Identifying the Interaction Between Landfill Taxes and NIMBY. A Simulation for Flanders (Belgium) Using a Dynamic Optimization Model ; Pressing Forward—Developments in the Transition Towards Sustainable Materials Management in EU Environmental Law ; Sectorial Policies: Biodiversity, Nature Conservation, Oceans and Spatial Planning ; Sustainable Development: New Thoughts, New Policy, New Law? ; Sustainable Development of the Oceans: Closing the Gaps in the International Legal Framework ; Knowledge in Sustainable Resource Management in Australia ; Sectorial Policies: Agriculture and Rural Policy ; The Sustainable Use of Biodiversity and Its Implications in Agriculture: The Agroforestry Case in the Brazilian Legal Framework ; Next Generation Rural Natural Resource Governance: A Careful Diagnosis ; Conclusions

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Plattsburgh Air Force Base Radar sounding system Survey procedure Cavity inspection Radar cavity detection test Radar profile results Falling-weight deflectometer tests Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Objectives Background Problems in describing the response of snow to an applied stress Methods of determining the dynamic behavior of materials Review of previous studies on snow Experimental measurements on snow Summary of snow experiments Theoretical studies Confirmation of the theory Discussion Applications Recommendations Summary Literature cited Appendix A. Selected data from Wisotski and Snyder (1966) Appendix B. Pressure data from Livingston (1964)

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Note: Contents of Part 2 Hecht, K. Gerber, R. Otto: Studies on the drying of paints by means of 14C-labelled compounds K. Wagner, F. Brutschin, I. Ritter, T. Gritsch, H. Zimmermann, H. Borchert: Investigations by the aid of radioisotope methods on the technology of the production of carbon and silicon carbide materials K. Gloe, P. Mühl: Determination of metal extraction process parameters using tracer technique W. Migdał, W. Łada, K. Malec-Czechowska: Studies on liquid-liquid extraction of noble metals using radiotracers L. Petryka, K. Przewłocki: Radiotracer investigations of benefication copper ore in the industrial flotation process Z. Bazaniak, J. Palige: Determination of Cu recovery degree from slags in shaft process by means of radiotracers R. Burek, J .K. Zurawicz: On the optimization of concentration measurements in heterogeneous materials based on β-backscatter measurements B. Heinrich: Analysis of carbon content in crude brown coal by inelastic scattering of neutrons and the method of time correlated associated particles P. Urbańaki, D. Wagner, M. Jankowska, E. Kowalska: Determination of calcium and iron and measurements of ash content in the brown coal H.-W. Thümmel: Some considerations relating to the prediction of the efficiency of radiometric methods for the continuous ash content determination of coal L. Wawrzonek: Monitor of ash content of coal with X-ray source I. Pavlicsek, V. Stenger, A. Veres: Apparatus for gamma activation analysis I. Végvári, I. Juhász: Determination of PbO content of lead-glass samples on the ground of gamma-absorption E. Schöntube, H.-J. Große: Aerosol ionization gas analysis as a monitoring for waste halothane in the atmosphere of operating theatre S. Mothes, P. Popp, G. Oppermann, W.-D. Herberg: Measurement of fluorocarbons with the ECD P. Popp, E. Schöntube, G. Oppermann: The usability of radiation ionization detectors for the determination of N2O concentrations in the air of operating theatres P. Popp, G. Arnold, G. Oppermann: A hydrocarbon-sensitized argon ionization detector for the detection of inorganic compounds R. Szepke, W. Lisieski, J. Harasimczuk: Automatic dust monitor AMIZ G. Vormum: Sealed sources - problems of design, measurement and quality control L. Gąsiorowski: New trends in developments of ratioisotope gauges in Poland G. Brunner: Direct chemical information from special radio tracers as well as from outer X-ray excitation J. Hirling: Experience and future trend in industrial application of nuclear methods in Hungary I. N. Ivanov, O. K. Nikolaenko, Yu. V. Phecktistov, V. L. Chulkin: Use of short-lived nuclides in activation analysis Kl.-P. Rudolph, J. Flachowsky, A. Lange: Trace element determination in semiconducter selenium by neutron activation analysis (NAA) W. Lisieski, J. Mirowicz: Some industrial applications of instruments with neutron sources R. Dybczyński, H. Maleszewaka, S. Sterliński, Z. Szopa, M. Wasek: Some problems in neutron activation determination of gold and silver in ores and concentrates of copper industry L. Jankowski: Cost-benefit aspects of radioisotope application in industry B. Manouchev, T. Boschkova, L. Tsankov, V. Gurev, I. Kojucharov, G. Grozev: On the possibilities of the direct gamma-spectremetry in natural waters P. Morgenstern, D. Müller, W. Riedel: A parallel grid proportional scintillation counter for the X-ray region from 3 to 20 keV with regard to high count rates N. A. Anders, V. S. Isaev, V. I. Filatov, B. E. Kolesnikov, D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, V. P. Varvaritsa: X-ray fluroescence analyzer of light elements with proportional scintillation counter D. Müller, P. Morgenstern, W. Riedel, W. Warwariza, B. E. Kolesnikow, N. A. Anders, W. J. Filatov: General considerations concerning the use of the X-ray analyzer "RALE" in industry

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Winter 1979-80 observations Winter 1980-81 and summer 1981 observations Winter 1981-82 and summer 1982 observations Old ice ride-up features Discussion Literature cited Appendix A. The boulder rampart and rock littered shore west of Konganevik Pt. Appendix B. Site location maps

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Physical diffusion and dispersion in open channel flow Modeling approach Description of the diffusion wave flow routing model Analysis of the numerical model Modified equation and Hirt analyses of diffusion wave model von Neumann analysis of the diffusion wave model Linear case studies Accuracy considerations of the numerical solution Field studies Apalachia Dam tailwater Norris Dam tailwater Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test arrangements Ice properties Crushing patterns Maximum ice force vs velocity Dynamic aspect ratio effect and crushing strength Measured ice force frequencies Calculated ice force frequencies Accelerations, velocities and displacements Damping Ice-induced negative damping Limit cycles Buckling load Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Conversion of metric units Introduction Review of existing models Accumulation models Ablation models Using existing models for studying mobility Proposed snowpack model for mobility studies Model components Implementation of the model Developing input data Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Stress measurements Design considerations Stress sensors Biaxial ice stress sensor Biaxial stress sensor theory Gauge deformation Stresses associated with cylindrical sensors Determination of ice stresses Gauge calibration Evaluation of the biaxial ice stress sensor Temperature sensitivity Biaxial loading test equipment Biaxial loading test results Differential thermal expansion Long-term drift Discussion of test results Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents: 1. »Klimaethik«? ; Kritik an der Idee einer Klimaethik ; Ungewissheit ; 2. Is it too late? ; Der Befund ; Was folgt? ; Technische Optionen ; Politische Optionen ; 3. Klimaethik: drei Ebenen ; Ideale Klimaethik als leitende Utopie ; Vorrang für die Ärmsten ; 4. Wie weit reichen Solidaritätspflichten? ; Nah und fern ; Zukünftige Generationen ; Die Zukunft und das Klimaproblem ; Gravierendes Übel bei räumlich und emotional Fernstehenden ; 5. Nichtideale Klimaethik – eine Annäherung ; Eine konsequenzialistische Menschenrechtsethik ; Verantwortungsverteilung als Gerechtigkeitsproblem ; Regeln der Verantwortungsverteilung ; Verursacherprinzip versus Leistungsfähigkeitsprinzip ; Die UN-Klimastrategie und das GDRF ; 6. Individuelle Verantwortung? ; Haupt- und Mitverantwortung ; Direkte versus indirekte Verantwortung ; Das Problem der minimalen Beiträge ; 7. Das Motivationsproblem ; Worte und Taten ; Indirekte Motivatoren ; Selbstbindung durch/von Institutionen

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Weathering Processes Lichen weathering of minerals: implications for pedogenesis M. J. Wilson D. Jones https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.01 Porewater reactions in the unsaturated zone with special reference to groundwater quality in England D. A. Spears https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.02 A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks David C. Cawsey and Paul Mellon https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.03 Kaolinites, Laterites and Bauxites Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on late Jurassic Gondwana surfaces H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.04 Kaolinitic weathering profiles in Brittany: genesis and economic importance J. Esteoule-Choux https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.05 The origin and occurrence of Devon Ball Clays A. Vincent https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.06 The Ayrshire Bauxitic Clay: an allochthonous deposit? S. K. Monro F. C. Loughnan and M. C. Walker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.07 Base metal concentrations in kaolinised and silicified lavas of the Central Burma volcanics T. R. Marshall B. J. Amos D. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.08 A low level laterite profile from Uganda and its relevance to the question of parent material influence on the chemical composition of laterites M. J. McFarlane https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.09 Palaeoenvironment of lateritic bauxites with vertical and lateral differentiation Ida Valeton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.10 Geochemistry of a nickeliferous laterite profile, Liberdade, Brazil J. Esson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.11 Red Beds Reddening of tropical coastal dune sands R. Gardner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.12 Post-depositional reddening of late Quaternary coastal dune sands, north-eastern Australia K. Pye https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.13 Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK) B. M. Besly P. Turner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.14 Duricrusts: Calcretes, Silcretes and Gypcretes Environment of silcrete formation: a comparison of examples from Australia and the Cologne Embayment, West Germany H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.15 Silcrete in Western Australia: geomorphological settings, textures, structures, and their genetic implications W. J. E. van de Graaff https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.16 Geochemistry of weathering profile silcretes, southern Cape Province, South Africa M. A. Summerfield https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.17 Pliocene channel calcrete and suspenparallel drainage in West Texas and New Mexico C. C. Reeves, Jr https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.18 Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes and gypcretes Donald Carlisle https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.19 Ancient duricrusts and related rocks in perspective: a contribution from the Old Red Sandstone John Parnell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.20 A process-response model for the formation of pedogenic calcretes Colin F. Klappa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.21 Stable isotope abundances in calcretes A. S. Talma F. Netterberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.22 A Geotechnical classification of calcretes and other pedocretes F. Netterberg J. H. Caiger https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.23 Karstic residual fluorite-baryte deposits at two localities in Derbyshire R. P. Shaw https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.24 Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform development in south-east England John A. Catt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.25

Note: Contents Preface 1 Introduction to Ice Drilling Technology 1.1 Ice Drilling Targets and Aims 1.2 Structure of Ice Sheets and Glaciers 1.3 Classification of Ice Drilling Methods References 2 Yearly History of Ice Drilling from Nineteeth to the First Half of Twentieth Century References 3 Direct-Push Drilling 3.1 Drive Sampling 3.1.1 Basic Principles 3.1.2 Mt. Rose Sampler 3.1.3 Utah Snow Sampler 3.1.4 Federal Snow Sampler 3.1.5 Bowman Sampler 3.1.6 Rosen Sampler 3.1.7 Large Diameter Snow Samplers 3.1.8 Vibratory Drill 3.2 Penetrative Testing 3.2.1 Ski Pole Penetrometer 3.2.2 Ram Penetrometer 3.2.3 Snow Resistograph 3.2.4 Digital Thermo-Resistograph 3.2.5 Snow Micro-Penetrometer 3.2.6 SABRE Probe 3.2.7 Cone Penetrometer Testing 3.3 Summary References 4 Hand- and Power-Driven Portable Drills 4.1 Noncoring Augers 4.1.1 SFFEL Noncoring Auger 4.1.2 SIPRE/CRREL Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.3 Kovacs Ice Thickness Kit 4.1.4 AARI Portable Sled-Mounted Drilling Rig 4.1.5 Handheld Coal-Boring Augers 4.1.6 Ice Augers for Winter Fishing 4.2 Noncoring “Piston” Drill 4.3 Core Augers. 4.3.1 General Principles 4.3.2 SFFEL Auger 4.3.3 SIPRE Auger 4.3.4 CRREL Auger 4.3.5 Rand Auger 4.3.6 Big John 12″ Auger 4.3.7 PICO Lightweight Auger 4.3.8 Kovacs Auger 4.3.9 IGAS Hand Auger 4.3.10 Swiss Hand Auger 4.3.11 UCPH Hand Auger 4.3.12 “Prairie Dog” Auger 4.3.13 “Sidewinder” 4.3.14 IDDO Hand Auger 4.4 Core Drills with Teeth and Annular Bits 4.4.1 Taku Glacier Hand Drill 4.4.2 Canadian Portable Ice Drill 4.4.3 Tsykin’s Hand Drill 4.4.4 5th CAE Drill 4.4.5 Ice Core Drill with Annular Bit PI-8 4.5 Mini Drills 4.5.1 Livingston Island Mini Drill 4.5.2 Chipmunk Drill 4.6 Summary References 5 Percussion Drills 5.1 Cable-Tool Drill Rigs 5.1.1 IGAS Cable-Tool Rig 5.1.2 Cable-Tool of California Institute of Technology 5.1.3 Star Iron Works Cable-Tool 5.2 Pneumatic Drills 5.3 Rotary-Percussion Drills 5.4 Summary References 6 Conventional Machine-Driven Rotary Drill Rigs 6.1 Dry Drilling 6.1.1 Expéditions Polaires Françaises in Greenland 6.1.2 Baffin Island Expedition 6.1.3 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition 6.1.4 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2 Auger Drilling 6.2.1 Mirny Station, Antarctica 6.2.2 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.2.3 Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole 6.2.4 Subglacial Lake Ellsworth Camp 6.3 Commercial Drill Rigs for Ice Fishing 6.4 Air Rotary Drilling 6.4.1 Mirny, Antarctica 6.4.2 Site 2, Greenland 6.4.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 6.4.4 Little America V, Antarctica 6.4.5 Franz Josef Land, Russian Arctic 6.4.6 Base Roi Baudouin, Antarctica 6.5 Rotary Drilling with Fluid Circulation 6.5.1 Taku Glacier, Alaska 6.5.2 Mer de Glace, French Alps 6.5.3 South Leduc Glacier, British Columbia 6.5.4 McMurdo Station, Antarctica 6.6 Wire-Line Drills 6.6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project, East Antarctica 6.6.2 Ross Ice Shelf Project 6.6.3 Base Druzhnaya, Antarctica 6.6.4 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska 6.6.5 Isua Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Greenland 6.6.6 Foremore Glacier, British Columbia, Western Canada 6.6.7 Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) 6.6.8 Agile Sub-ice Geological (ASIG) Drill 6.7 Drilling in Rock Glaciers 6.7.1 Overview of Projects Using Conventional Drilling Equipment 6.7.2 Koci Drill 6.8 Summary References 7 Flexible Drill-Stem Drill Rigs 7.1 Rapid Shallow Drill Rigs 7.2 Rapid-Access Drill Rigs 7.2.1 Thermomechanical Drill 7.2.2 Coiled-Tubing Drill Rigs 7.2.3 RADIX 7.2.4 SUBGLACIOR Drilling Probe 7.3 Summary References 8 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Auger Drills 8.1 Basic Principles 8.2 University of Iceland (UI) Drill 8.3 University of Bern (UB) Drills 8.3.1 Rufli Drill 8.3.2 Further Improved UB Drills 8.4 CRREL Drill 8.5 Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS) Drills 8.5.1 First Prototypes 8.5.2 ID-140 Drill 8.5.3 ILTS-140 Drill 8.5.4 MID-140 Drill 8.5.5 Portable ILTS-130 and -100 Drills 8.5.6 ILTS-130E(F) and ILTS-150 Drills 8.5.7 New Portable ILTS Drill 8.6 University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Drill 8.7 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE) Drills 8.8 National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI) Drill 8.9 Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) 4″ Drill 8.10 Alfred-Wegener Institute (AWI) Drills 8.11 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) Drill 8.12 BZXJ Drills 8.13 Geo Tecs Drills 8.13.1 Geo Tecs Prototype Shallow Drill 8.13.2 Further Improvements 8.13.3 Field Testing and Operations 8.14 Hilda/Simon/Eclipse Drills 8.14.1 Hilda/Simon Drills 8.14.2 Eclipse Drill 8.14.3 Field Testing and Coring 8.14.4 Badger-Eclipse Drill 8.15 Byrd Polar Research Center (BPRC) Drills 8.16 British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Drills 8.16.1 BAS/IMAU Drill 8.16.2 Rapid-Access Isotope Drill 8.17 FELICS Drills 8.17.1 3″ Drill 8.17.2 “Backpack Drill” 8.18 Blue Ice Drill (BID) 8.18.1 BID General Fescription 8.18.2 Operation and Performance 8.18.3 BID-Deep System 8.19 Summary References 9 Cable-Suspended Electromechanical Drills with Bottom-Hole Circulation 9.1 CRREL Electromechanical Drill 9.1.1 Drilling Equipment 9.1.2 Camp Century, Greenland 9.1.3 Byrd Station, Antarctica 9.2 ISTUK Drill 9.2.1 Drill System 9.2.2 Dye 3, Greenland (GISP) 9.2.3 Summit, Greenland (GRIP) 9.2.4 Law Dome, Antarctica 9.3 LGGE Electromechanical Drills 9.4 PICO-5.2″ Electromechanical Drill 9.4.1 Drill System 9.4.2 Summit, Greenland (GISP2) 9.4.3 Taylor Dome, Antarctica 9.4.4 Siple Dome, Antarctica 9.5 KEMS Electromechanical Drill 9.5.1 Drill System 9.5.2 Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic 9.5.3 Vostok Station, Antarctica 9.6 JARE Electromechanical Drill 9.6.1 Drill System 9.6.2 Preliminary Tests 9.6.3 First Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.4 Second Deep Ice Coring Project at Dome F, Antarctica 9.6.5 Kunlun Station (Dome A), Antarctica 9.7 Hans Tausen (HT) Electromechanical Drill and Its Modifications 9.7.1 Basic Drill System 9.7.2 Hans Tausen Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.3 NorthGRIP, Greenland 9.7.4 EPICA Dome C, Antarctica 9.7.5 EPICA-DML, Kohnen Station, Antarctica 9.7.6 Berkner Island, Antarctica 9.7.7 Talos Dome, Antarctica (TALDICE) 9.7.8 Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.9 NEEM Deep Ice Core Drilling, Greenland 9.7.10 James Ross Island, Antarctica 9.7.11 Fletcher Promontory, Antarctica 9.7.12 Roosevelt Island, Antarctica 9.7.13 NEEM, Greenland (UCPH Intermediate-Depth Ice Core Drilling System) 9.7.14 Aurora Basin North, Antarctica 9.7.15 Renland Ice Cap, Greenland 9.7.16 Summit, Greenland (IDDO Intermediate-Depth Drill) 9.7.17 South Pole, Antarctica (SPICE) 9.8 IDRA Drill 9.9 DISC Electromechanical Drill 9.9.1 Drill System 9.9.2 Field Testing at Summit, Greenland 9.9.3 WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.9.4 Replicate Coring, WAIS Divide, Antarctica 9.10 IBED Drill 9.11 Summary References 10 Drilling Challenges and Perspectives for Future Development 10.1 Low-Temperature Drilling Fluids 10.1.1 Drilling Fluid Compositions 10.1.2 ESTISOL™ 240/COASOL™ Drilling Fluid 10.1.3 ESTISOL™ 140 Drilling Fluid 10.1.4 Low-Molecular Weight Dimethyl Siloxane Oils 10.1.5 Low-Molecular Weight Esters 10.1.6 Kerosene-Based Drilling Fluids Mixed with Fourth-Generation Foam-Expansion Agents 10.2 Ice Drilling Under Complicated Conditions 10.2.1 Permeable Snow-Firn 10.2.2 Brittle Ice Zone 10.2.3 Warm Ice 10.2.4 Debris-Containing Ice 10.2.5 Bedrock 10.2.6 Elimination of Sticking Drills 10.3 Advanced Drilling Systems 10.3.1 Rapid-Access Ice Drilling Systems for Subglacial Bedrock Drilling 10.3.2 Sidewall Drilling 10.3.3 Automated Drilling Systems References Appendix A: Records of Mechanical Drilling in Ice Appendix B: Abbreviations of Institutes, Organizations, and Projects

Note: Contents Introduction: Listening in the Ocean / Whitlow W.L. Au and Marc O. Lammers 2 A Review of Blue Whale Studies from HARUphones in the Pacific / Kathleen M. Stafford 3 Long-Term Monitoring of Cetaceans Using Autonomous Acoustic Recording Packages / Sean M. Wiggins and John A. Hildebrand 4 From Shrimp to Whales: Biological Applications of Passive Acoustic Monitoring on a Remote Pacific Coral Reef / Marc O. Lammers and Lisa M. Munger 5 Studying the Biosonar Activities of Deep Diving Odontocetes in Hawaii and Other Western Pacific Locations / Whitlow W.L. Au and Giacomo Giorli 6 Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) in the Gulf of Mexico / George E. Ioup, Juliette W. Ioup, Natalia A. Sidorovskaia, Christopher O. Tiemann, Stan A. Kuczaj, Azmy S. Ackleh, Joal J. Newcomb, Baoling Ma, Robin Paulos, Alexander Ekimov, Grayson H. Rayborn Jr., James M. Stephens, and Arslan M. Tashmukhambetov 7 Listening to Echolocation Clicks with PODs / Nick Tregenza, Steve Dawson, Will Rayment, and Ursula Verfuss 8 PALAOA: The Perennial Acoustic Observatory in the Antarctic Ocean—Real- Time Eavesdropping on the Antarctic Underwater Soundscape / Holger Klinck, Lars Kindermann, and Olaf Boebel 9 Listening for Whales at the Station ALOHA Cabled Observatory / Julie N. Oswald, Helen Ou, Whitlow W.L. Au, Bruce M. Howe, and Fred Duennebier 10 Findings from U.S. Navy Hydrophone Ranges / David Moretti, Ronald Morrissey, Susan Jarvis, and Jessica Shaffer 11 Pinniped Sounds in the Polar Oceans / Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Ilse C. Van Opzeeland, Sofie M. Van Parijs, and Joshua Jones 12 Listening in the Ocean: New Discoveries and Insights on Marine Life from Autonomous Passive Acoustic Recorders / David Mann, James Locascio, and Carrie Wall 13 Passive Acoustic Monitoring in Benthic Marine Crustaceans: A New Research Frontier / Erica Staaterman 14 A Multiplatform Ultrasonic Event Recorder for Tagging, Towing, and Stationed Monitoring of Odontocetes / Tomonari Akamatsu 15 Signal Processing / David K. Mellinger, Marie A. Roch, Eva-Marie Nosal, and Holger Klinck Index

Note: Contents 1 Radiocarbon and the Global Carbon Cycle / E.A.G. Schuur, S.E. Trumbore, E.R.M. Druffel, J.R. Southon, A. Steinhof, R.E. Taylor and J.C. Turnbull 2 Radiocarbon Dating: Development of a Nobel Method / R.E. Taylor 3 Radiocarbon Nomenclature, Theory, Models, and Interpretation: Measuring Age, Determining Cycling Rates, and Tracing Source Pools / S.E. Trumbore, C.A. Sierra and C.E. Hicks Pries 4 Radiocarbon in the Atmosphere / J.C. Turnbull, H. Graven and N.Y. Krakauer 5 Radiocarbon in the Oceans / E.R.M. Druffel, S.R. Beaupré and L.A. Ziolkowski 6 Radiocarbon in Terrestrial Systems / E.A.G. Schuur, M.S. Carbone, C.E. Hicks Pries, F.M. Hopkins and S.M. Natali 7 Paleoclimatology / J.R. Southon, R. De Pol-Holz and E.R.M. Druffel 8 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry of Radiocarbon / Axel Steinhof 9 Preparation for Radiocarbon Analysis / S.E. Trumbore, X. Xu, G.M. Santos, C.I. Czimczik, S.R. Beaupré, M.A. Pack, F.M. Hopkins, A. Stills, M. Lupascu and L. Ziolkowski

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Предисловие Теоретические вопросы геотектоники Некоторые методологические вопросы геологии / Ю. А. Косыгин Краткий методологический анализ современных глобальных тектонических гипотез / В. Ю. Забродин Главные этапы эволюции процесса рифтогенеза в истории Земли / Е. E. Милановский Закономерности формирования континентальной земной коры / М. С. Марков, Ю. М. Пущаровский Структурно-формационные парагенезы как индикаторы стадийности формирования континентальной коры / Б. М. Чиков Сдвиги и трансформные разломы литосферы / С. И. Шерман Структурная эволюция геосинклинальных складчатых систем / В. С. Буртмаи Механизм образования складчатости и ее морфология / А. В. Вихерт О формировании и локализации концентрических комплексов в связи с развитием разломов / Ю. А. Косыгин, В. В. Юшманов, Л. А. Маслов О тектонике и минерагении Восточной Сибири и Дальнего Востока / Л. И. Красный Становление земной коры в докембрии О процессах, образующих и преобразующих земную кору континентального типа / Ч. Б. Борукаев Закономерности формирования земной коры континентов в нижнем докембрии / М. А. Гилярова Особенности тектонического развития подвижных зон Гондваны и Евразии в позднем докембрии / Н. А. Божко Главные этапы становления континентальиой земной коры / В. И. Шульдинер Тентоника и этапы становления земной коры территории Янутии / Г. С. Гусев, Г. А. Гринберг, В. В. Ковальский, Б. В. Олейников, А. Ф. Петров, Г. С. Фрадкии, Н. В. Черский Модели строения и глубинной эволюции коры юго-востока Сибирской платформы / Л. П. Карсаков, Ю. Ф. Малышев Эволюция слоев земной коры в геологической истории архея Алданского щита / И. М. Фрумкин К проблеме пангеосинклинали / Р. Ф. Черкасов Этапы формирования земной коры Алданского щита в докембрии / Л. М. Реутов, А. Ф. Петров Этапы формирования земной коры и докембрийский рифтогенез на северо-востоке Сибирской платформы / Б. Р. Шпунт, Д. В. Аброскин, Ю. Х. Протопопов Этапы и факторы становления континентальной коры на территории Восточной Сибири / А. А. Бухаров К проблеме происхождения среднепротерозойских грабенов юго-востока Сибирской платформы и ее складчатого обрамления / А. А. Константиновский Тектоника платформенных областей Геоблоки Сибири и этапы их формирования / Е. П. Миронюк, И. А. Загрузииа Соотношение структурных этажей - критерий тектонического районироnания платформенных областей / К. И. Микуленко, В. С. Старосельцев, Г. С. Фрадкин Общая корреляция эндогенных процессов на Сибирской платформе / С. М. Замараев О мантийных абиссолитах и природе сводовых поднятий на древних платформах / П. Ф. Иванкин, А. А. Фельдман Становление земной коры молодых плит и ранние этапы их развития (на примере Западно-Сибирского сеrмента) / В. С. Бочкарев Тектоника подвижных областей Офиолитовые зоны палеозоид Казахстана и геодинамические реконструкции / Е. И. Паталаха Современная тектоника Байкальской рифтовой системы и концепция тектоники плит / В. П. Солоненко Современные представления о глубинном строении северо-восточноrо фланга Байкальской рифтовой зоны / М. М. Мандельбаум, И. П. Шпак Пространственно-временные связи и геодинамические соотношения мезозойских структур на Алданском щите и в Джугджуро-Становой области / В. Г. Ветлужских Офиолиты и олистостромы Верхояно-Колымской складчатой системы / Ю. В. Архипов, И. Г. Волкодав Литосферные плиты в Верхояно-Чукотской складчатой области / В. Б Спектор Структура и геодинамика Курило-Камчатскоrо желоба / Г. С. Гнибиденко, Т. Г. Быкова, О. В. Веселов, В. М. Воробьев, А. С. Сваричевский Литература , Translation of Contents Preface Theoretical issues of geotectonics Some methodological issues of geology / Yu. A. Kosygin Brief methodological analysis of modern global tectonic hypotheses / V. Yu. Zabrodin The main stages of the evolution of the rifting process in the history of the Earth / E. E. Milanovsky Patterns of formation of the continental crust / M. S. Markov, Yu. M. Pushcharovsky Structural-formational parageneses as indicators of the stages of formation of the continental crust / B. M. Chikov Shifts and transform faults of the lithosphere / S. I. Sherman Structural evolution of geosynclinal folded systems / V. S. Burtmai The mechanism of formation of folding and its morphology / A. V. Wikhert On the formation and localization of concentric complexes in connection with the development of faults / Yu. A. Kosygin, V. V. Yushmanov, L. A. Maslov On tectonics and minerageny of Eastern Siberia and the Far East / L. I. Krasny Formation of the earth's crust in the Precambrian On the processes that form and transform the earth's crust of continental type / Ch. B. Borukaev Patterns of formation of the continental crust in the Lower Precambrian / M. A. Gilyarova Features of the tectonic development of mobile zones of Gondwana and Eurasia in the Late Precambrian / N. A. Bozhko The main stages of the formation of the continental crust / V. I. Shuldiner Tentonics and stages of formation of the earth's crust in the territory of Janutia / G. S. Gusev, G. A. Grinberg, V. V. Kovalsky, B. V. Oleinikov, A. F. Petrov, G. S. Fradkii, N. V. Chersky Models of the structure and deep evolution of the crust of the southeast of the Siberian Platform / L. P. Karsakov, Yu. F. Malyshev Evolution of layers of the earth’s crust in the geological history of the Archean of the Aldan Shield / I. M. Frumkin On the problem of pangeosyncline / R. F. Cherkasov Stages of formation of the earth's crust of the Aldan shield in the Precambrian / L. M. Reutov, A. F. Petrov Stages of crust formation and Precambrian rifting in the northeast of the Siberian Platform / B. R. Shpunt, D. V. Abroskin, Yu. Kh. Protopopov Stages and factors of formation of the continental crust in Eastern Siberia / A. A. Bukharov On the problem of the origin of Middle Proterozoic grabens in the southeast of the Siberian Platform and its folded framing / A. A. Konstantinovsky Tectonics of platform areas Geoblocks of Siberia and stages of their formation / E. P. Mironyuk, I. A. Zagruzia The ratio of structural floors is a criterion for tectonic zoning of platform areas / K. I. Mikulenko, V. S. Staroseltsev, G. S. Fradkin General correlation of endogenous processes on the Siberian platform / S. M. Zamaraev On mantle abysolites and the nature of arched uplifts on ancient platforms / P. F. Ivankin, A. A. Feldman Formation of the earth's crust of young plates and early stages of their development (using the example of West Siberian cement) / V. S. Bochkarev Tectonics of mobile regions Ophiolite zones of the paleozoids of Kazakhstan and geodynamic reconstructions / E. I. Patalakha Modern tectonics of the Baikal rift system and the concept of plate tectonics / V. P. Solonenko Modern ideas about the deep structure of the northeast flank of the Baikal rift zone / M. M. Mandelbaum, I. P. Shpak Spatio-temporal connections and geodynamic relationships of Mesozoic structures on the Aldan shield and in the Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy region / V. G. Vetluzhskikh Ophiolites and olistostromes of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma fold system / Yu. V. Arkhipov, I. G. Volkodav Lithospheric plates in the Verkhoyansk-Chukotka folded region / V. B Spektor Structure and geodynamics of the Kuril-Kamchatka trench / G. S. Gnibidenko, T. G. Bykova, O. V. Veselov, V. M. Vorobyov, A. S. Svarichevsky Literature , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Inhalt Einleitung Wandel des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens – eine Heuristik zur Analyse rezenter Wandlungsprozesse / Niels Taubert, Peter Weingart Teil 1: Das wissenschaftliche Kommunikationssystem im Wandel Von Fach zu Fach verschieden. Diversität im wissenschaftlichen Publikationssystem / Konstanze Rosenbaum Open Access und digitale Publikation aus der Perspektive von Wissenschaftsverlagen / Niels Taubert Zur Situation und Entwicklung wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken / Peter Weingart Ein wissenschaftspolitisches Beteiligungsexperiment: Ergebnisse und Bewertung der Online-Konsultation „Publikationssystem“ / Niels Taubert, Kevin Schön Teil 2: Rahmenbedingungen Empfehlungen, Stellungnahmen, Deklarationen und Aktivitäten wissenschaftspolitischer Akteure zur Gestaltung des wissenschaftlichen Kommunikationssystems / Ulrich Herb Open Access: Effects on Publishing Behaviour of Scientists, Peer Review and Interrelations with Performance Measures / David Ball Das Urheberrecht und der Wandel des wissenschaftlichen Kommunikationssystems / Alexander Peukert, Marcus Sonnenberg Teil 3: Visionen Einleitung: Visionen zur Zukunft des Publizierens in der Wissenschaft Elektronisches Publizieren, Open Access, Open Science und ähnliche Träume / Martin Grötschel A Vision of Scientific Communication / Reinhold Kliegl Methodischer Optimismus vor digitaler Zukunft / Volker Gerhardt Vertrauen, Qualitätssicherung und Open Access – Predatory Journals und die Zukunft des wissenschaftlichen Publikationssystems / Peter Weingart Publizieren in der Soziologie im Jahr 2030 / Niels Taubert

Note: Contents: 1 Computing with Formulas. - 1.1 The First Programming Encounter: a Formula. - 1.1.1 Using a Program as a Calculator. - 1.1.2 About Programs and Programming. - 1.1.3 Tools for Writing Programs. - 1.1.4 Writing and Running Your First Python Program. - 1.1.5 Warning About Typing Program Text. - 1.1.6 Verifying the Result. - 1.1.7 Using Variables. - 1.1.8 Names of Variables. - 1.1.9 Reserved Words in Python. - 1.1.10 Comments. - 1.1.11 Formatting Text and Numbers. - 1.2 Computer Science Glossary. - 1.3 Another Formula: Celsius-Fahrenheit Conversion. - 1.3.1 Potential Error: Integer Division. - 1.3.2 Objects in Python. - 1.3.3 Avoiding Integer Division. - 1.3.4 Arithmetic Operators and Precedence. - 1.4 Evaluating Standard Mathematical Functions. - 1.4.1 Example: Using the Square Root Function. - 1.4.2 Example: Computing with sinh x. - 1.4.3 A First Glimpse of Rounding Errors. - 1.5 Interactive Computing. - 1.5.1 Using the Python Shell. - 1.5.2 Type Conversion. - 1.5.3 IPython. - 1.6 Complex Numbers. - 1.6.1 Complex Arithmetics in Python. - 1.6.2 Complex Functions in Python. - 1.6.3 Unified Treatment of Complex and Real Functions. - 1.7 Symbolic Computing. - 1.7.1 Basic Differentiation and Integration. - 1.7.2 Equation Solving. - 1.7.3 Taylor Series and More. - 1.8 Summary. - 1.8.1 Chapter Topics. - 1.8.2 Example: Trajectory of a Ball. - 1.8.3 About Typesetting Conventions in This Book. - 1.9 Exercises. - 2 Loops and Lists. - 2.1 While Loops. - 2.1.1 A Naive Solution. - 2.1.2 While Loops. - 2.1.3 Boolean Expressions. - 2.1.4 Loop Implementation of a Sum. - 2.2 Lists. - 2.2.1 Basic List Operations. - 2.2.2 For Loops. - 2.3 Alternative Implementations with Lists and Loops. - 2.3.1 While Loop Implementation of a for Loop. - 2.3.2 The Range Construction. - 2.3.3 For Loops with List Indices. - 2.3.4 Changing List Elements. - 2.3.5 List Comprehension. - 2.3.6 Traversing Multiple Lists Simultaneously. - 2.4 Nested Lists. - 2.4.1 A table as a List of Rows or Columns. - 2.4.2 Printing Objects. - 2.4.3 Extracting Sublists. - 2.4.4 Traversing Nested Lists. - 2.5 Tuples. - 2.6 Summary. - 2.6.1 Chapter Topics. - 2.6.2 Example: Analyzing List Data. - 2.6.3 How to Find More Python Information. - 2.7 Exercises. - 3 Functions and Branching. - 3.1 Functions. - 3.1.1 Mathematical Functions as Python Functions. - 3.1.2 Understanding the Program Flow. - 3.1.3 Local and Global Variables. - 3.1.4 Multiple Arguments. - 3.1.5 Function Argument or Global Variable?. - 3.1.6 Beyond Mathematical Functions. - 3.1.7 Multiple Return Values. - 3.1.8 Computing Sums. - 3.1.9 Functions with No Return Values. - 3.1.10 Keyword Arguments. - 3.1.11 Doc Strings. - 3.1.12 Functions as Arguments to Functions. - 3.1.13 The Main Program. - 3.1.14 Lambda Functions. - 3.2 Branching. - 3.2.1 If-else Blocks. - 3.2.2 Inline if Tests. - 3.3 Mixing Loops, Branching, and Functions in Bioinformatics Examples. - 3.3.1 Counting Letters in DNA Strings. - 3.3.2 Efficiency Assessment. - 3.3.3 Verifying the Implementations. - 3.4 Summary. - 3.4.1 Chapter Topics. - 3.4.2 Example: Numerical Integration. - 3.5 Exercises. - 4 User Input and Error Handling. - 4.1 Asking Questions and Reading Answers. - 4.1.1 Reading Keyboard Input. - 4.2 Reading from the Command Line. - 4.2.1 Providing Input on the Command Line. - 4.2.2 A Variable Number of Command-Line Arguments. - 4.2.3 More on Command-Line Arguments. - 4.3 Turning User Text into Live Objects. - 4.3.1 The Magic Eval Function. - 4.3.2 The Magic Exec Function. - 4.3.3 Turning String Expressions into Functions. - 4.4 Option-Value Pairs on the Command Line. - 4.4.1 Basic Usage of the Argparse Module. - 4.4.2 Mathematical Expressions as Values. - 4.5 Reading Data from File. - 4.5.1 Reading a File Line by Line. - 4.5.2 Alternative Ways of Reading a File. - 4.5.3 Reading a Mixture of Text and Numbers. - 4.6 Writing Data to File. - 4.6.1 Example: Writing a Table to File. - 4.6.2 Standard Input and Output as File Objects. - 4.6.3 What is a File, Really?. - 4.7 Handling Errors. - 4.7.1 Exception Handling. - 4.7.2 Raising Exceptions. - 4.8 A Glimpse of Graphical User Interfaces. - 4.9 Making Modules. - 4.9.1 Example: Interest on Bank Deposits. - 4.9.2 Collecting Functions in a Module File. - 4.9.3 Test Block. - 4.9.4 Verification of the Module Code. - 4.9.5 Getting Input Data. - 4.9.6 Doc Strings in Modules. - 4.9.7 Using Modules. - 4.9.8 Distributing Modules. - 4.9.9 Making Software Available on the Internet. - 4.10 Making Code for Python 2 and 3. - 4.10.1 Basic Differences Between Python 2 and 3. - 4.10.2 Turning Python 2 Code into Python 3 Code. - 4.11 Summary. - 4.11.1 Chapter Topics. - 4.11.2 Example: Bisection Root Finding. - 4.12 Exercises. - 5 Array Computing and Curve Plotting. - 5.1 Vectors. - 5.1.1 The Vector Concept. - 5.1.2 Mathematical Operations on Vectors. - 5.1.3 Vector Arithmetics and Vector Functions. - 5.2 Arrays in Python Programs. - 5.2.1 Using Lists for Collecting Function Data. - 5.2.2 Basics of Numerical Python Arrays. - 5.2.3 Computing Coordinates and Function Values. - 5.2.4 Vectorization. - 5.3 Curve Plotting. - 5.3.1 MATLAB-Style Plotting with Matplotlib. - 5.3.2 Matplotlib; Pyplot Prefix. - 5.3.3 SciTools and Easyviz. - 5.3.4 Making Animations. - 5.3.5 Making Videos. - 5.3.6 Curve Plots in Pure Text. - 5.4 Plotting Difficulties. - 5.4.1 Piecewisely Defined Functions. - 5.4.2 Rapidly Varying Functions. - 5.5 More Advanced Vectorization of Functions. - 5.5.1 Vectorization of StringFunction Objects. - 5.5.2 Vectorization of the Heaviside Function. - 5.5.3 Vectorization of a Hat Function. - 5.6 More on Numerical Python Arrays. - 5.6.1 Copying Arrays. - 5.6.2 In-Place Arithmetics. - 5.6.3 Allocating Arrays. - 5.6.4 Generalized Indexing. - 5.6.5 Testing for the Array Type. - 5.6.6 Compact Syntax for Array Generation. - 5.6.7 Shape Manipulation. - 5.7 High-Performance Computing with Arrays. - 5.7.1 Scalar Implementation. - 5.7.2 Vectorized Implementation. - 5.7.3 Memory-Saving Implementation. - 5.7.4 Analysis of Memory Usage. - 5.7.5 Analysis of the CPU Time. - 5.8 Higher-Dimensional Arrays. - 5.8.1 Matrices and Arrays. - 5.8.2 Two-Dimensional Numerical Python Arrays. - 5.8.3 Array Computing. - 5.8.4 Matrix Objects. - 5.9 Some Common Linear Algebra Operations. - 5.9.1 Inverse, Determinant, and Eigenvalues. - 5.9.2 Products. - 5.9.3 Norms. - 5.9.4 Sum and Extreme Values. - 5.9.5 Indexing. - 5.9.6 Transpose and Upper/Lower Triangular Parts. - 5.9.7 Solving Linear Systems. - 5.9.8 Matrix Row and Column Operations. - 5.9.9 Computing the Rank of a Matrix. - 5.9.10 Symbolic Linear Algebra. - 5.10 Plotting of Scalar and Vector Fields. - 5.10.1 Installation. - 5.10.2 Surface Plots. - 5.10.3 Parameterized Curve. - 5.10.4 Contour Lines. - 5.10.5 The Gradient Vector Field. - 5.11 Matplotlib. - 5.11.1 Surface Plots. - 5.11.2 Contour Plots. - 5.11.3 Vector Field Plots. - 5.12 Mayavi. - 5.12.1 Surface Plots. - 5.12.2 Contour Plots. - 5.12.3 Vector Field Plots. - 5.12.4 A 3D Scalar Field and Its Gradient Field. - 5.12.5 Animations. - 5.13 Summary. - 5.13.1 Chapter Topics. - 5.13.2 Example: Animating a Function. - 5.14 Exercises. - 6 Dictionaries and Strings. - 6.1 Dictionaries. - 6.1.1 Making Dictionaries. - 6.1.2 Dictionary Operations. - 6.1.3 Example: Polynomials as Dictionaries. - 6.1.4 Dictionaries with Default Values and Ordering. - 6.1.5 Example: Storing File Data in Dictionaries. - 6.1.6 Example: Storing File Data in Nested Dictionaries. - 6.1.7 Example: Reading and Plotting Data Recorded at Specific Dates. - 6.2 Strings. - 6.2.1 Common Operations on Strings. - 6.2.2 Example: Reading Pairs of Numbers. - 6.2.3 Example: Reading Coordinates. - 6.3 Reading Data fromWeb Pages. - 6.3.1 About Web Pages. - 6.3.2 How to Access Web Pages

Note: Contents: Teil I Prolog ; 1 Einführung und Überblick ; 2 Arbeiten an der Bedeutung nachhaltiger Entwicklung ; Teil II Bedeutungsarbeit durch Theorie ; 3 Theoriearbeit für Nachhaltigkeit - zur Struktur von Bedeutungsdebatten ; 4 Die Konstruktion von Bedeutung: Das integrative Konzept nachhaltiger Entwicklung ; 5 Theorie starker Nachhaltigkeit versus integratives Konzept: ein Vergleich ; 6 Zurück zur Natur oder Fortführung des Bacon-Projekts? Der Ökomodernismus und seine Voraussetzungen ; Teil III Bedeutungsarbeit in der Wissensproduktion ; 7 Wissensintegration für nachhaltige Entwicklung als hermeneutisch relevante Tätigkeit ; 8 Reallabore: das Paradigma einer hermeneutischen Konstellation? ; 9 Die Konstruktion von Bedeutung nachhaltiger Entwicklung durch Zukunftswissen ; Teil IV Bedeutungsarbeit in der Nachhaltigkeits bewertung ; 10 Bedeutungsüberschüsse in der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Technik ; 11 Ökobilanzierung als Bedeutungsarbeit an nachaltiger Entwicklung ; 12 Was macht den Abfall zum Abfall? Müll als Ergebnis komplexer Bewertung ; Teil V Epilog ; 13 Relevanzentscheidungen in der Bedeutungskonstitution nachhaltiger Entwicklung ; 14 Bedeutungsrückfluss als institutionelle Herausforderung ; 15 Vom Wert der Bedeutungsvielfalt nachhaltiger Entwicklung