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  • English  (3,343)
  • French  (61)
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  • 2000-2004  (1,364)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Carbonate rocks (1967)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 13.0083
    In: Developments in sedimentology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 471 S., Ill., graph. Darst., kt-.
    Series Statement: Developments in sedimentology 9A
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Very long baseline interferometer (2000)
    Tokyo : Ohmsha [u.a.]
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 13.0146
    Description / Table of Contents: Very Long Baseline Inferometry (VLBI) can be divided into two main areas of application. The first is geodesy which is covered in detail in this work, and astrometry, or radio astronomy, which receives briefer treatment.VLBI is an acronym for Very Long Baseline Inferometry, and can be roughly divided into two areas of application. The first area is in geodesy, which is covered in considerable detail in this book. The second area is in astrometry, or radio astronomy, which is only briefly treated in the book. Many people probably relate geodesy and land surveying more with geology and geography than with space-based measuring techniques; and at least through the first half of the 20th century, geodesy was largely based on knowledge in these fields. Surveyors were generally considered as technicians or craftsmen. Modern GPS (global positioning systems) is probably best known for its use in automobile navigation, but such space-based measuring systems have made tremendous advances in the field of geodesy as well. The most notable results obtained by VLBI so far has been the global-scale measuring of the movements of the tectonic plates which cover the surface of the earth. Details of this achievement are discussed in the book, but the primary focus of the material covered here remains an investigation of how VLBI can conduct these measurements with such high level of precision.The book also explains how various aspects of system hardware, software and data analysis techniques can be effectively combined to yield a measurement accuracy that is four orders in magnitude better than conventional surveying techniques. VLBI requires knowledge in many areas of science and engineering.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xii, 243 S. , Ill., Kt. , 22 cm
    ISBN: 4274903788
    Series Statement: Wave summit course
    Uniform Title: VLBI tekunorojii
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Physics of the earth's space environment : an introduction (2004)
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Details Availability
    Call number: 5/M 14.0137
    Description / Table of Contents: This book on the terrestrial space environment is directed at a broad group of students and scientists, who seek knowledge of the methods and results of space research. The only prerequisites are fundamental physics and mathematics as usually acquired in introductory college courses in science or engineering curricula. Stressing physical insight rather than mathematical precision, "Physics of the Earth's Space Environment" derives further knowledge on selected topics as each phenomenon is considered and strives to present experimental results in conjunction with basic reasoning about the underlying physics. The content's breadth and introductory nature make this an ideal reader for students in geophysics, meteorology, space sciences and astronomy
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 513 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3540214267 , 978-3-540-21426-7
    Uniform Title: Physik des erdnahen Weltraums
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Bubbles and bubble pressures in Antarctic glacier ice (1968)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-202-249
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Results and discussion. - Bubbles in ice. - Conclusions. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the gas law to fourth-place density measurements of ice samples from two deep drill holes at Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica, shows that virtually all density increase beyond the pore close-off density (0.830 g/cm^3) can be attributed to compression of the entrapped bubbles of air. Data from Byrd Station also indicate that the lag between overburden pressure and bubble pressure, initially 4-5 kg/cm^2 at pore close-off, diminishes to less than 1.0 kg/cm^2 at about 200-m depth. By substituting the overburden pressure for the bubble pressure in the pressure-density relationship based on the gas law, ice densities below 200 m can be calculated more accurately than they can be measured per se on cores because of the relaxation that occurs in samples recovered from high confining pressures. This relaxation, resulting in a progressive increase in the bulk volume of the ice with time, is generally attributed to decompression of the entrapped air bubbles following removal of the ice from high confining pressures. However, calculations of the stress in ice due to bubble pressure, together with measurements of bubble sizes in cores from various depths at Byrd Station, both tend to indicate that there has'been negligible decompression of the inclosed bubbles. It is suggested that most of this relaxation may be due to the formation of microcracks in the ice. Anomalous bubble pressure-density relations at Little America V tend to confirm abundant stratigraphic evidence of the existence of considerable deformation in the upper part of the Ross Ice Shelf. Studies of crystal-bubble relations at Byrd Station revealed that the concentration of bubbles in ice remains remarkably constant at approximately 220 bubbles per cm^3. Bubbles and crystals were found to be present in approximately equal numbers at pore close-off at 64-m depth, at which level the average bubble diameter was 0.95 mm, decreasing to 0.49 mm at 116 m and to 0.33 mm at 279 m. Despite a tenfold increase in the size of crystals between 64 and 279 m, the bubbles showed no tendency to migrate to grain boundaries during recrystallization of the ice. The observation that most of the bubbles had assumed substantially spherical shapes by 120-m depth points to essentially hydrostatic conditions in the upper layers of the ice sheet at Byrd Station.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 249
    URL: https://www.worldcat.org/de/title/6023806
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 5
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Variation of some mechanical properties of polar snow, Camp Century, Greenland (1969)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-202-276
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Test site. - Test procedures. - Equipment. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Test results. - Unconfined compression tests. - Ring tensile tests. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. Calculation of the effect of nonaxial loading of unconfined compression specimens. - Appendix B. Camp Century unconfined compressive strength data at -25C. - Appendix C. Camp Century ring-tensile strength data at -25C. - Appendix D. Unconfined compressive strength of Camp Century vertical snow samples 8.25 in. length, 3.0 in. diam at -25C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The unconfined compressive strengths [Sigma]c and the ring-tensile strengths [Sigma]T of snow and ice specimens from the Inclined Drift at Camp Century, Greenland, were determined. The specimen densities varied over essentially the complete natural density range of polar snow and ice (0.340 to 0.890 g/cm^3). The specimens were loaded rapidly to failure with times varying between 0.2 and 1.4 sec. During loading, head speeds varied between 5.1 and 23.6 cm/min, although during individual tests they were constant. Even the low density specimens failed in the brittle mode. Although a plot of [Sigma]T vs [Gamma] is linear, [Sigma]c vs [Gamma] is clearly nonlinear. This nonlinearity may result from either changes in the level of the internal stress concentrations associated with the voids in the snow or from changes in the ratio (bulk porosity/effective porosity of the failure surface) with density. Both tangent and secant moduli are linear functions of [Gamma]. There is no pronounced change in [Sigma]c with changes in strain rate. A significant increase in [Sigma]T, [Sigma]c and the modulus values was noted at bulk densities greater than 0.830 g/cm^3. This increase is presumably caused by the close-off of the air passages.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 35 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 276
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974547
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Fracture of lake and sea ice (1969)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-202-269
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - List of symbols. - Introduction. - Structure of ice and ice sheets. - Ice as a mineral. - Lake and sea ice. - Chemistry and phase relations. - Dislocations,cracks,and stress concentrators. - Direct observation of dislocations. - Crackformation. - Stress concentration. - Theoretical considerations. - Experimental results. - Compressive strength. - Indentation failure. - Tensile strength. - Flexural strength. - Shear strength. - Impact strength. - Scale effects. - Strength deterioration in the spring. - Recommended research. - Summary. - Selected bibliography. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The increased activity in cold regions has made a thorough understanding of fracture in lake and sea ice quite desirable, inasmuch as this information has application to a number of problems of geophysical as well as engineering importance. This survey starts with a discussion of the structure of ice I and the macro- and microstructure of sea and lake ice as well as their chemistry and phase relations. Recent work on the direct observation of dislocations as well as the formation of cracks in ice is summarized. Formal ice-brine-air models for analyzing variations in ice strength are also reviewed. The results of the different types of tests are discussed and cornpared (compressive, indentation, direct and ring-tension, small beam flexure and in situ cantilevers and simple beams, shear, and impact). Scale effects are considered as well as the rapid strength deterioration experienced by ice sheets in the spring. Finally, a number of recommendations are made concerning future research in this field.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 269
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647427544
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Relationships between climate and regional variations in snow-cover density in North America (1969)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-202-267
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Regional variations in density. - Monthly increase in density. - Nomograph to estimate average snow-cover density. - Test and application of the nomograph. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Observed, weighted snow-cover densities for stations in Table 1.
    Description / Table of Contents: Analysis of snow-cover observations made during November - March at 27 stations in Alaska, Canada and the northern United States for a 2 to 11 year period showed that the average snow density can be classified in four general categories: Category 1 (density 0.20 to 0.23 g/cm^3 ), inland stations reporting light winds; Category 2 (0.24 to 0.27 g/cm^3), stations reporting moderate winds; Category 3 (0.28 to 0.30 g/cm^3), inland and coastal locations with stronger winds; Category 4 (0.32 to 0.36 g/cm^3), cold and windy stations of the Arctic. Skewness coefficients computed for each station showed bias toward lower densities for cat. 1 and 2, and bias toward higher densities for cat. 3 and 4. A nomograph in which the average winter air temperature and wind speed are the independent variables makes it possible to estimate the average snow-cover density for any location in the Arctic, subarctic and North Temperate Zones. A comparison between observed and estimated densities for ten other test stations yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.91 with a standard error of estimate of 0.016 g/cm^3. An average snow density map of North America was drawn and the continent was divided into areas based on the four categories.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 267
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3144115
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Some physical properties of alpine snow (1969)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-271
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Conduct of the research. - Fundamental properties of snow. - Derived properties of snow. - Environmental effects. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: One of the great deficiencies in snow science is the lack of an analytical framework for much of the snow cycle. Snow research to date has largely consisted of measuring index properties of snow, such as bulk density and snow strength, and correlating them. This is useful, particularly for engineering purposes, but it does not grapple with the basic problem of what fundamental properties of snow determine the magnitude of the index properties and how these properties respond to environmental conditions. This study was an attempt to measure, quantitatively, the fundamental properties of grain size, shape, and fabric (relationship between grains) and relate these to the index or derived properties of bulk density, shear and tensile strength, permeability for air, and the dielectric static permittivity and loss tangent. Despite numerous difficulties in defining fabric and quantifying it, it was possible to show that: 1) snow strength is a function of bond area with a relationship in the low density range that is described by: [Sigma]f = [Sigma]i exp - (0.14nf) where [Sigma]f is failure strength, [Sigma]i is the final strength of ice, and nf is the porosity on the failure surface; and 2) the rate of densification of low density snow can be explained in part by high stress concentrations (on the order of 10^7 dynes /cm^2) at intergranular contacts and by such factors as riming on crystals. The effect of the environmental factors of time, temperature, and gravitational stress is difficult to study in situ because they are not independent variables. However, it appears that their study is simplified when we study the fundamental properties of snow as opposed to index properties.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 70 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 271
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5325802
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Electrolytic conductivity of snow and glacier ice from Antarctica and Greenland (1968)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Materiel Command, Terrestrial Sciences Center, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-248
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Conductivity measurements have been made on snow and ice samples from pits and deep drillholes at a number of localities in Antarctica and Greenland. Conductivities of the order 1-2 [My]mho/cm only were recorded at the inland sites. Data from deep cores representing more than 1900 years of continuous snow accumulation at Byrd Station, Antarctica, and more than 400 years deposition at Inge Lehmann, Greenland, showed no significant variations of conductivity with time. Measurements of freshly precipitated snow from a single coastal location in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, also yielded relatively low conductivities of the order 3-4 [My]mho/cm. The substantial increase observed in the conductivity of core samples from near the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V can be attributed most probably to windborne salts of marine origin that had accumulated on the surface after the snow was deposited. A peak conductivity of 49 [My]mho/cm was recorded in snow estimated to have been deposited within 20 km of the seaward edge of the Ross Ice Shelf and the maritime effect could still be detected in samples deposited more than 40 km from the ice front. For samples deposited at distances of greater than 200 km from the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf conductivities never exceeded 2 [My]mho/cm. The very low conductivities observed in ice cores from near the bottom of the Ross Ice Shelf confirm earlier conclusions based on detailed petrographic studies oi the cores that the 258-m-thick ice shelf at Little America V is composed entirely of glacial ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 8 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 248
    URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB073i012p03643
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Formation of a modern ice-push ridge by thermal expansion of lake ice in southeastern Connecticut (1969)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-259
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 259
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Previous work. - Study area. - Field procedures. - Results and discussion. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A modern ice-push ridge on the northwest shore of Gardner Lake in southeastern Connecticut is 0.6 - 1.2 m high and 1.2 - 3.1 m wide. In February and March 1967, the positions of survey stakes placed on the lake ice were measured periodically. During the same period, air and ice temperature and solar radiation intensity were also recorded. Analysis of the data supports the hypothesis that thermal expansion of the lake ice rather than wind action, was the principal cause of ice push. An ice temperature change of approximately 1°C/hr increase for 6 hr was sufficient to induce ice thrust. In a 30-day period, the average net shoreward movement of the surveyed area of the ice surface was 1.0 m. During the 1966-67 winter, approximately 14 m^3 of beach material was reworked and deposited, forming a discontinuous ice-push ridge along 260 m of shoreline.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 259
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5743
    Language: English
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