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  • English  (934)
  • Finnish  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (536)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1980-1984  (408)
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  • 1980  (408)
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  • 1
    Call number: S 99.0046(15)
    In: Münchner geologische Hefte
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 78 S.
    Series Statement: Münchner geologische Hefte : 15
    Classification:
    Geochemistry
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stroudsburg [u.a.] : Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 10/M 93.0233
    In: Encyclopedia of earth sciences series
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXI, 1321 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 5. print.
    ISBN: 0879331801
    Series Statement: Encyclopedia of earth sciences series IVa
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
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  • 3
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-168-182
    In: Berichte zur Polarforschung
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 195 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISSN: 0176-5027
    Series Statement: Berichte zur Polarforschung 182
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Wiley-Interscience
    Call number: M 98.0199 ; M 97.0415
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xii, 671 S.
    ISBN: 0471554480
    Series Statement: Wiley series in pure and applied optics
    Classification:
    C.5.1.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 5
    Call number: AR 97/09
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Classification:
    Geodynamics
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
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  • 6
    Call number: ZSP-560-105
    In: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 70 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISSN: 0069-5882
    Series Statement: Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln 105
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 7
    Call number: M 98.0259
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 670 S.
    ISBN: 9054105887
    Classification:
    B.6.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Ed. Menges
    Call number: IASS 12.0138
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 55 S. , zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. , 28 cm
    ISBN: 3930698692
    Uniform Title: Das Aufwindkraftwerk
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Montreal [u.a.] : McGill-Queen's Univ. Press
    Call number: PIK N 630-11-0268 ; AWI Bio-17-17112
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 361 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 0773512411
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Figures. - Tables. - Preface. - Illustrations. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 Scope of the text. - 1.3 World vegetation types. - 1.3.1 Vegetation formations and zones. - 1.3.2 Zonobiomes. - 1.3.3 Exoclimates. - 1.3.4 The Canadian vegetation classification system. - 1.3.5 Ecozones. - 1.3.6 Floristic realms. - 1.3.7 Plant species nomenclature. - 1.4 Soil classification and soil systems. - 1.5 Climatic parameters. - 1.5.1 The role of climate. - 1.5.2 Moisture indices. - 1.5.3 Climate diagrams. - 1.6 Plant strategies. - 1.6.1 Competition. - 1.6.2 Hydrature and moisture regulation. - 1.6.3 Life forms. - 1.6.4 Leaf morphology and adaptation. - 1.7 Biomass and net primary productivity. - 2. Tundra 2.1 Tundra distribution. - 2.2 Climate. - 2.3 Soils. - 2.4 Tundra in North America. - 2.4.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces and regions. - 2.4.2 High and mid-Arctic. - 2.4.3 Low Arctic. - 2.5 Tundra in other Northern Hemisphere locations. - 2.5.1 Arctic Tundra. - 2.5.2 Typical Tundra. - 2.5.3 Southern Tundra. - 2.5.4 Tundra on Arctic Islands. - 2.6 Tundea in the Southern Hemisphere. - 2.6.1 The Antarctic Subregion. - 2.6.2 The Sub-Antarctic Subregion. - 2.7 Alpine Tundra. - 2.7.1 Temperate-latitude alpine Tundra. - 2.7.2 Low-latitude (equatorial) alpine Tundra. - 2.8 Primary production and phytomass in Tundra. - 3. Forest-Tundra or Boreal-Tundra Ecotone. - 3.1 Definitions. - 3.2 Distribution. - 3.3 Climate. - 3.4 Soils. - 3.5 Forest-Tundra in Canada. - 3.5.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces. - 3.5.2 The shrub subzone (Northern Forest-Tundra). - 3.5.3 The forest subzone (Southern Forest Tundra). - 3.6 Eurasian Forest-Tundra. - 3.7 Primary production and phytomass in forest-Tundra. - 4. Boreal Forest (Taiga) and Mixed Forest Transition. - 4.1 Distribution. - 4.2 Climate. - 4.3 Soils. - 4.4 Boreal forest in North America. - 4.4.1 Open Lichen Woodland. - 4.4.2 Northern Coniferous Forest. - 4.4.3 Mixed-Forest (Boreal-Broadleaf ecotone). - 4.4.4 Mixed-Forest transition to grassland (Northern Mixedwoods). - 4.5 Eurasian Boreal. - 4.5.1 The European Boreal. - 4.5.2 The Siberian Boreal. - 4.5.3 Northwest Pacific Fringe Boreal. - 4.6 Primary production and phytomass in boreal forest. - 5. Prairie (Steppe). - 5.1 Distribution. - 5.2 Climate. - 5.2.1 North America. - 5.2.2 Climate in Eurasia and elsewhere. - 5.3 Soils. - 5.4 Prairie in North America. - 5.4.1 The Canadian Prairie. - 5.4.2 Prairie in the USA. - 5.5. Eurasian Steppe. - 5.6 Southern Hemisphere Grasslands. - 5.6.1 The High Veldt. - 5.6.2 The Pampas/Campos Grasslands. - 5.7 Primary production and biomass. - 6. Cordilleran Environments in Western North America. - 6.1 Canada's Cordilleran ecoclimatic provinces. - 6.1.1 Distribution. - 6.1.2 Climate. - 6.1.3 Soils. - 6.1.4 Pacific Coastal Mesothermal Forest. - 6.1.5 Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.6 Cordilleran Forest Region. - 6.1.7 Cordilleran Cold Steppe and Savanna Forst. - 6.1.8 Canadian Cordilleran Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.9 Alpine Tundra and Boreal Forest. - 6.2 The Cordilleran Region in the USA. - 6.2.1 Distribution. - 6.2.2 Northwest Coast Conifer-Hardwood Forests. - 6.2.3 Montane Pine Forests. - 6.2.4 Sagebrush and Grasslands. - 6.2.5 Interior Hemlock-Douglas-Fir-Larch. - 6.2.6 Subalpine Forest. - 6.3 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 7. Temperate Deciduous Forests. - 7.1 Distribution. - 7.2 Climate. - 7.3 Soils. - 7.4 Temperate Deciduous Forest in North America. - 7.4.1 Canada. - 7.4.2 United States of America. - 7.4.3 Southern Mexico and South America. - 7.5 Europe. - 7.5.1 Atlantic Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.2 Central European Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.3 East European Deciduous Forest. - 7.6 Asia. - 7.7 Southern Hemisphere. - 7.8 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 8. Wetlands. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Climate. - 8.3 Soils. - 8.4 Canadian Wetland Classification. - 8.4.1 Canadian Wetland Classification System. - 8.4.2 Wetland classes. - 8.4.3 Wetland forms and types. - 8.5 Canadian Wetlands. - 8.5.1 Arctic Wetlands. - 8.5.2 Subarctic Wetlands. - 8.5.3 Boreal Wetlands. - 8.5.4 Prairie Wetlands. - 8.5.5 Temperate Wetlands. - 8.5.6 Oceanic Wetlands. - 8.5.7 Mountain Wetlands. - 8.6 Wetlands in the USA. - 8.7 Eurasian Wetlands. - 8.7.1 European Wetlands. - 8.7.2 Asian Wetlands. - 8.8 Central and South American Wetlands. - 8.9 African Wetlands. - 8.10 Austromalesian and Pacific Wetlands. - 8.11 Phytomass and Primary Production. - 9. Conclusion. - Appendix: Biomials and their local names as used in the text. - Bibliography. - Index.
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 10
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : U.S. Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: MOP Per 603(80-1)
    In: Natural disaster survey report, 80-1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: V, 60 S.
    Series Statement: Natural disaster survey report 80-1
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Call number: M 98.0425
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 509 S.
    Edition: 1st paperpack ed.
    ISBN: 0521483573
    Series Statement: Cambridge solid state science series
    Classification:
    C.5.2.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Tucson, Arizona : Arizona Geological Society
    Call number: M 98.0249
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 656 S.
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 13
    Call number: ZSP-387-9
    In: International project on paleolimnology and late cenozoic climate
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 128 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 99.0346
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: The metronomic variations of the Earth-Moon system and of the Earth-Sun orbital patterns produce gravitational and temperature effects that alter the physical environment on the Earth’s surface. These give an interpenetrating effect of forcing cycles ranging from twice-daily tides, day-night alternations, various tidal patterns and the annual solar pattern. All of these have been used palaeontologically to give precision to short-term age determination in the past. It is cycles of the Milankovitch band that are showing promise of enabling new practical timescales to be established for parts of the geological record. These depend on changes in the Earth-Sun distance and changes in the tilt of the Earth’s axis with respect to the Earth’s orbit round the Sun. There is increasing evidence that small-scale sedimentary rhythmic couplets may represent the effect of such changes. The disentangling of the interpenetrating cycles to produce an orbital forcing timescale is an exciting problem and challenge for palaeobiology and sedimentology. These should enable numerical dates to be given to bio- and chronostratigraphical timescales and eventually enable many Earth processes to be analysed in real time. The papers in this volume represent major new developments in sedimentological, paIaeontological, geochemical and stratigraphical research being undertaken in this field.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 210 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 1897799233
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 85
    Classification:
    Stratigraphy
    Language: English
    Note: Michael R. House: Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.01 --- Sean B. Kelly and Shaun P. Sadler: Equilibrium and response to climatic and tectonic forcing: A study of alluvial sequences in the Devonian Munster Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:19-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.02 --- Michael R. House: Devonian precessional and other signatures for establishing a Givetian timescale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:37-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.03 --- G. P. Weedon and W. A. Read: Orbital-climatic forcing of Namurian cyclic sedimentation from spectral analysis of the Limestone Coal Formation, Central Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:51-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.04 --- Gwyn P. G. Moses: Calibration, analysis and interpretation of depositional cycles in the Early Toarcian of Yorkshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:67-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.05 --- Helen K. Waterhouse: High-resolution palynofacies investigation of Kimmeridgian sedimentary cycles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:75-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.06 --- P. J. Valdes, B. W. Sellwood, and G. D. Price: Modelling Late Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:115-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.07 --- P. Cotillon: Constraints for using high-frequency sedimentary cycles in cyclostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:133-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.08 --- F. Giraud, L. Beaufort, and P. Cotillon: Periodicities of carbonate cycles in the Valanginian of the Vocontian Trough: a strong obliquity control / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:143-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.09 --- Didier Quesne and Serge Ferry: Detailed relationships between platform and pelagic carbonates (Barremian, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:165-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.10 --- A. S. Gale: Cyclostratigraphy and correlation of the Cenomanian Stage in Western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:177-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.11 --- Alfred G. Fischer: Cyclostratigraphy, Quo Vadis? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:199-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.12
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  • 15
    Call number: SR 90.0008(76-31)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 9 S. + 4 pl.
    ISBN: 0660105802
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 76-31
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 16
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(77-11)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 18 S. + 8 pl.
    ISBN: 0660101955
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 77-11
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 17
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(79-31)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 34 S.
    ISBN: 0660106787
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 79-31
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 18
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2000-I)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, I-41 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2000-I
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 19
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2090)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 63 S. + 2 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2090
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 20
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(80-1A)
    In: Current research
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 395 S.
    ISBN: 0660104814
    Series Statement: 80-1A
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(80-1B)
    In: Current research
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 304 S.
    ISBN: 0660105969
    Series Statement: 80-1B
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0003(1118)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey circular
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 20 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey circular 1118
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2115-A)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, A-32 S. + 2 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2115-A
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2121-A)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, A-26 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2121-A
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2094-D)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: III, D-12 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2094-D
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(80-6/2)
    In: The geosciences in Canada, 1979
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 7 S. + 1 pl.
    ISBN: 0660507072
    Series Statement: 80-6/2
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(79-15)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 29 S.
    ISBN: 0660105675
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 79-15
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Call number: SR 90.0008(79-18)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 27 S.
    ISBN: 066010640X
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 79-18
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Call number: SR 90.0004(2435)
    In: United States Geological Survey water-supply paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 64 S.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper 2435
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Call number: SR 90.0004(2419)
    In: United States Geological Survey water-supply paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 34 S. + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper 2419
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0008(80-8)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 21 S. + 4 pl.
    ISBN: 0660106779
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 80-8
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Call number: SR 90.0008(79-28)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 41 S. + 2 pl.
    ISBN: 0660105837
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 79-28
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Call number: SR 90.0008(80-4)
    In: Paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 26 S.
    ISBN: 0660106213
    Series Statement: Paper / Geological Survey of Canada 80-4
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Ottawa : Geological Survey of Canada
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0011(3)
    In: Index to publications
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 247 S. + 1 Kt.
    ISBN: 066050698X
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: SR 90.0001(2104)
    In: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: IV, 51 S. + 1 pl.
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey bulletin 2104
    Language: English
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  • 36
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hamburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorologie
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-686-161
    In: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie ; 161, No. 161
    Description / Table of Contents: A method of constructing low-dimensional nonlinear models capturing the main features of complex dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom is described. The system is projected onto a linear subspace spanned by only a few characteristic spatial structures called Principal Interaction Patterns (PIPs). The expansion coefficients are assumed to be governed by a nonlinear dynamical system. The optimal low-dimensional model is determined by identifying spatial modes and interaction coefficients describing their time evolution simultaneously according to a nonlinear variational principle. The algorithm is applied to a two-dimensional geophysical fluid system on the sphere. The models based on Principal Interaction Patterns are compared to models using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) as basis functions. A PIP-model using 12 patterns is capable of capturing the long-term behaviour of the complete system monitored by second-order statistics, while in the case of EOFs 17 modes are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 40, 6 S. , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie 161
    Language: English
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  • 37
    Call number: PIK N 442-16-90130
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 104 S. : graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Globo report series 7
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 38
    Call number: PIK N 453-26-90149
    Description / Table of Contents: Ohne Kurzreferat
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVIII, 253 Seiten , graph. Darst., Kt , 1 eingeheftete Beil., 19 Tafeln im Schuber
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 0080209254 (hbk) , 008020919X (pbk)
    Series Statement: Pergamon marine series 3
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Austin : University of Texas Press
    Call number: PIK N 456-16-90157
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 275 S. , Ill., Kt. , 26 cm
    Edition: 2nd ed., rev.
    ISBN: 0292708106 (alk. paper) , 0292708114 (pbk. : alk. paper)
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford [England] : Pergamon Press, in association with the Open University
    Call number: PIK N 454-16-90160
    Description / Table of Contents: 'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, al
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 168 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2nd ed. / rev. for the course team by John Wright and Angela Colling
    ISBN: 0080425186 (flexicover) , 9780750637152
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover; SEAWATER: ITS COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR; Copyright Page; CONTENTS; ABOUT THIS VOLUME; ABOUT THIS SERIES; CHAPTER 1. WATER , AIR AND ICE; 1.1 THE SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF WATER; 1.2 THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; 1.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1; CHAPTER 2. TEMPERATURE IN THE OCEANS; 2.1 SOLAR RADIATION; 2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES; 2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE WITH DEPTH; 2.4 ENERGY FROM THE THERMOCLINE - A BRIEF DIGRESSION; 2.5 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER MOVEMENT; 2.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2; CHAPTER 3. SALINITY IN THE OCEANS; 3.1 CONSTANCY OF COMPOSITION. , 3.2 VARIATIONS IN SALINITY3.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SALINITY; 3.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3; CHAPTER 4. DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN THE OCEAN; 4.1 WATER MASSES; 4.2 DEPTH (PRESSURE), DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE; 4.3 T-S DIAGRAMS; 4.4 MIXING PROCESSES IN THE OCEANS; 4.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER4; CHAPTER 5. LIGHT AND SOUND IN SEAWATER; 5.1 UNDERWATER LIGHT; 5.2 UNDERWATER SOUND; 5.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5; CHAPTER 6. THE SEAWATER SOLUTION; 6.1 THE GROSS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER; 6.2 SOURCES AND SINKS, OR WHY THE SEA IS SALT; 6.3 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN SEAWATER; 6.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6. , CHAPTER 7. SEAWATER AND THE GLOBAL CYCLE7.1 A SHORT HISTORY OF SEAWATER; 7.2 A LOOK AHEAD; 7.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER; APPENDIX: CONVERSIONS BETWEEN pH AND [H+]; SUGGESTED AND COMMENTS READING; ANSWERS AND COMMENTS TO QUESTIONS; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; INDEX.
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  • 41
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Rockville, MD : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data and Information Service,
    Call number: PIK N 454-17-90910
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 290 Seiten , Diagramme, Karten , 28 cm
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Potsdam : GeoForschungsZentrum
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 21/STR 95/17
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 13 S. : graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Scientific Technical Report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 95/17
    Classification:
    Satellites
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Monograph available for loan
    Warsaw : Polish Geological Institute
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 96.0251/4
    In: Guide to excursion ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 58 S.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Warzawa : Polish Geological Institute
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 96.0252/3
    In: Guide to excursion ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 48 S.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Call number: M 96.0252/4
    In: Guide to excursion ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 35 S.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 46
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Warzawa : Polish Geological Institute
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 96.0252/1
    In: Guide to excursion ...
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 38 S.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 47
    Call number: M 96.0468
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 100 S.
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 48
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington : National Academy Press
    Call number: M 96.0505 ; AWI A3-96-0700 ; PIK N 456-96-0328
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiv, 630 S.
    ISBN: 0309054494
    Classification:
    Meteorology and Climatology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 49
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Scientific Publ.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI Bio-99-0079-2
    In: The Northwest European Pollen Flora, II
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 265 S. , zahlr. Ill.
    ISBN: 0444418806
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Preface / G. C. S. Clarke and W. Punt. - 8. Solanaceae / W. Punt and M. Monna-Brands. - 9. Saxifragaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 10. Boraginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke. - 11. Escalloniaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 12. Grossulariaceae / A.A.M.L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 13. Hydrangeaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 14. Parnassiaceae / A. A. M. L. Verbeek-Reuvers. - 15. Plantaginaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R.Jones. - 16. Valerianaceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 17. Aceraceae / G. C. S. Clarke and M. R. Jones. - 18. Hippuridaceae / M. S. Engel. - 19. Haloragaceae / M. S. Engel. - 20. Papaveraceae / A. J. Kalis. - Index. - Errata.
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  • 50
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boston, Massachusetts : American Meteorological Society
    Call number: MOP 46673 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 276 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 5/M 19.93185
    In: Geophysical monograph
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 154 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    Edition: Online edition Online-Ausg. [S.l.] : HathiTrust Digital Library
    ISBN: 0-87590-022-4
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 22
    Classification:
    Geomagnetism, Geoelectromagnetism
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Call number: MOP 46084 / Mitte
    Description / Table of Contents: This document is a report of research, design, environmental, coordination, and public involvement activities of the Water and Power Resources Service SCPP (Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project). The SCPP ia an investigation of the technical feasibility and social acceptability of winter cloud seeding in the Sierra Nevada to supplement the region's future water supply. This report explains the results of the 1979-80 winter field season and reviews research undertaken by the SCPP in previous seasons.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Language: English
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  • 53
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Reading, Berkshire] : [European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts]
    Call number: MOP 44987 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: i, 97 Seiten , Illustrationen , 30 cm
    Language: English
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  • 54
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/9
    In: CRREL Report, 80-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive cratering tests were conducted in seasonally frozen and thawed gravel at Ft. Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska, and in seasonallly frozen and thawed silt overlying permafrost and in silt permafrost at Ft. Wainwright near Fairbanks, Alaska. Explosive charge weights ranged from 26 to 3120 lb and charge burial depths ranged from about 3 to 40 ft. The cube root of the charge weight scaling was used to determine maximum scaled crater dimensions and optimum scaled depth of burial of the charge. Test results for frozen and thawed gravel were essentially the same because of the low moisture content and the relatively shallow depth of freezing (5 to 6 ft). The optimum depth of burial of the charge for maximizing the apparent radius and depth and the true radius was about 1.8 times the cube root of the charge weight for both the frozen and thawed conditions. In seasonally frozen silt overlying a talik and silt permafrost the maximum scaled crater dimensions and optimum scaled burial depths of the charge were smaller than for the thawed condition except for the true crater dimensions. The channeling of energy in the talik produces maximum crater dimensions and an optimum burial depth for the true crater that is larger than for the thawed condition. The results for the homogeneous silt permafrost were very similar to the frozen gravel results with much smaller maximum crater dimensions and smaller optimum charge burial depths than for the thawed silt overlying permafrost.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Test sites Test procedures and materials Analysis of test data Mobility tests Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 55
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/8
    In: CRREL Report, 80-8
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the results of the tests on the new U.S. Coast Guard 140-ft icebreaker Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) in the level plate ice and brash ice in Whitefish Bay and the St. Marys River. The results indicate that the vessel can penetrate 22 in. of level freshwater ice with 2-3 in. of snow cover. It can also penetrate up to 48 in. of brash ice in a continuous mode and at least 30 in. of plate ice by backing and ramming. The installed bubbler system decreased the required power of the vessel from 10 to 30% in brash ice and 25 to 35% in level ice. The low friction coating appears to be effective in decreasing the friction factor when it remains intact; when it peels off it appears to make conditions worse than plain paint. An average dynamic friction factor of 0.15 could be used over the entire hull for these tests.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-8
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Metric conversion table Introduction Roughness and friction measurements Level plate ice performance Brash ice performance Ramming icebreaking performance Analysis of the data Propulsion efficiency in ice Regression analysis Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
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  • 56
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/15
    In: CRREL Report, 80-15
    Description / Table of Contents: This report discusses the time constraints on measuring the thermal resistance (R-value) of building components. Temperature changes on either side of a building component perturb measurement accuracy. Long measurement times and measurement times corresponding to a consistent diurnal cycle can be satisfactory; however, individual temperature changes cause significant error for shorter measurement periods. This report shows how to scale the thermal properties of individual constituent materials in a building element to determine its characteristic thermal time constant. The report then demonstrates the size of measurement error resulting from a variety of changes in temperature with representative walls of different time constants.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 30 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-15
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Field measurement and analysis of transient heat flow A closer look at handling the constraints Random change Step change Ramp change Application of theory Literature cited Appendix A. Percentage error from a step input Appendix B. Time constraints of sample walls Appendix C. Percentage error from a ramp input Appendix D. Percentage error from a sinusoidal input Appendix E. Percentage error programs for a Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator Appendix F. Experimental determination of time constants Appendix G. Derivation of time constant formula for multiple layers
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  • 57
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press
    Call number: IASS 20.94073
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 265 S , graph. Darst , 24 cm
    ISBN: 0299144844 , 0299144801
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 58
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/11
    In: CRREL Report, 80-11
    Description / Table of Contents: Four types of roof leaks occurred at a new school building in Chevak, Alaska: 1) blowing snow entered the roof through eave vents and then melted, 2) slush and ice in roof valleys caused meltwater to overflow the valley flash­ing and run into the building, 3) water entered at a roof/wall intersection and 4) in many areas water entered through gaps in the sloping plywood deck. Sealing the eave vents made it impossible for blowing snow to enter the roof at the eaves. Electric heat tapes eliminated the valley icing problem. Missing flashing was responsible for the roof/wall intersection leaks. The absence of a vapor barrier in the roof was the cause of many leaks. We recom­mended that the roof be repaired from the exterior by removing component elements down to the plywood deck,installing an adhered continuous vapor barrier and reassembling the roof. An alternative roof cladding of compos­ition shingles was discussed as was conversion to a “cold roof.” The roof was repaired and modified following our recommendations, and problems appear to have been solved.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Description of school Roof problems Snow infiltration leaks Valley leaks Intersection leaks Condensation leaks Tests to verify the cause of condensation leaks Eliminating the condensation leaks Recommendations for eliminating condensation leaks Repairing existing roof An alternative roof cladding The "cold roof" alternative Repairs and modifications Summary and conclusions
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  • 59
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/29
    In: CRREL Report, 80-29
    Description / Table of Contents: This study was conducted to determine the short- and long-term physical, chemical and biological effects of spills of hot Prudhoe Bay crude oil on permafrost terrain near Fairbanks, Alaska. Two experimental oil spills, one in winter and one in summer, of 7570 liters (2000 gallons) were made at a forest site. The winter-spill oil moved within the surface moss layer beneath the snow. The summer-spill oil moved primarily below the moss in the organic soil. The oil moved faster and further downslope in the summer spill. Oil in the winter spill stopped during the first day but remobilized and flowed further downslope in the spring. The total area affected by the summer spill was nearly one and one-half times as large as that affected by the winter spill. The initial heat of the spilled oil had little measurable thermal effect on the soil. However, thaw depth significantly increased following two full thaw seasons. The greatest increases occurred beneath oil blackened surfaces. Evaporation of volatile components is the most significant weathering process in the first two years. Volatiles evaporated faster from surface oil than from oil carried deeper into the soil profile. Microbial degradation has not been observed. The indigenous soil microbial populations responded differently to winter and summer oil applications, ranging from inhibition to stimulation, with stimulation appearing to predominate. Vegetation showed both immediate and long-term damage. Damage was greatest near the top of the slope and in areas with surface oil. Deciduous species showed damage faster than evergreen species.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 67 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-29
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Methods Site description Oil application Physical characterization Thermal characterization Oil and oily soil characterization Soil microbiological methodology Vegetation Results and discussion Oil movement Effects on permafrost Compositional changes Microbiological responses Oil effects on vegetation Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A Physical and thermal information Appendix B Chemical information Appendix C Microbiological information
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  • 60
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Call number: M 18.91571
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Series Statement: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Call number: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Language: English
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  • 62
    Call number: PIK W 510-16-89885
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 112 S. , graph. Darst
    ISBN: 9529844107
    Series Statement: EFI proceedings 3
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Copenhagen : [s.n.]
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92046
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 64 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1996. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1996 Schedule. - Overview of 1996 schedule. - Camp Layout. - Buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1996 Sub programs. - CARDS Radar test. - KMS Elevation measurements. - SITREP. - Terms of Reference during the field operation. - Accidents and Illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1996. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and Surrounding Area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1996. - Typical specs for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Map of GRIP camp. - NGRIP, Maps of one and two line set up. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of Greenland. - Map of north Greenland. - Map of ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - 1996 Twin Otter hours. - List of NGRIP addresses.
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  • 64
    Call number: MOP Per 601(8)
    In: Tegniese verhandeling / Republiek van Suid-Afrika, Weerburo, Department van Vervoer
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 31 Seiten
    Series Statement: Technical Paper 8
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Durham, N.H. : [GISP2 Science Management Office, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire]
    Call number: AWI P8-20-93386
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 41 Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Copenhagen : [s.n.]
    Call number: AWI G7-19-92129
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 62 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Draft
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Flight plan 1996. - C130 schedule. - NGRIP 1996 Schedule. - Overview of 1996 schedule. - Camp Layout. - Buildings. - Number of field participants. - NGRIP 1996 Sub programs. - CARDS Radar test. - KMS Elevation measurements. - SITREP. - Terms of Reference during the field operation. - Accidents and Illness. - Mail to NGRIP participants. - Cargo shipments to Greenland. - Personnel transport 1996. - Booze and drugs. - Vacation in Greenland. - Shipping boxes. - Welcome to the NGRIP camp. - List of participants. - NGRIP camp load. - Kangerlussuaq and Surrounding Area. - Thule Air Base, Greenland, Base Operations. - Other useful information for Thule passengers. - Uplift 1996. - Typical specs for LC-130 and Twin Otter. - Useful data. - Coordination of C-130 in Kangerlussuaq. - Aviation weather reports. - Typical communication plan. - Summary of frequencies used in Greenland. - Phonetic alphabet. - Personal field equipment. - Map of GRIP camp. - NGRIP, Maps of one and two line set up. - NGRIP trenches. - Map of Greenland. - Map of north Greenland. - Map of ice divide north of GRIP. - Map of magnetic declination in Greenland. - Positions in Greenland. - Relevant distances and directions. - 1996 Twin Otter hours. - List of NGRIP addresses.
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  • 67
    Call number: MOP 45089 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: [55] Seiten
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/27
    In: CRREL Report, 80-27
    Description / Table of Contents: No general, analytical solution exists for phase change around a cylinder, thus, approximate methods have been evaluated. The heat balance integral technique applied to the cylinder gave excellent results when compared to published numerical solutions. Graphical solutions are given for phase change about a cylinder for ranges of the Stefan number, superheat parameter, and property value ratios for typical soils. An approximate, general solution has been derived which is reasonably accurate and can be used for any values of the above-mentioned parameters. The effective thermal diffusivity method has been shown to be useful for practical problems of phase change.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-27
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Zero superheat Constant phase change rate Zero sensible heat Finite sensible heat Finite superheat Quasi-steady solution Heat balance integral solution Approximate methods Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 69
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/25
    In: CRREL Report, 80-25
    Description / Table of Contents: Two new types of load cells for attachment to bridge piers and direct measurement of ice forces were developed and tested with one type being installed on a pier of the Yukon River Bridge northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska. Both types of load cells used beams supported by base plates and carried nose plates that were loaded by the ice. The loads were imposed at the beams at locations differing from the support reactions so that the loads developed moments in the beams. By instrumenting them with strain gauges, the loads could be measured. Details of the design of the load cells, the means of calculating the loads and experience obtained with load cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-25
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Estimates and field measurements of ice forces on structures General Indirect estimates Direct measurements Small-scale and laboratory studies Instrumentation plan for measuring ice loads on the Yukon River Bridge Load cell development The single reaction beam system Performance of a single reaction beam load cell The double reation beam load cell Reaction beam design Stress in the beam Deflection Axial tensile stress in the reaction beam Measurement techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Finding load magnitude and location with a single reaction beam device Appendix B. Finding load magnitude and location on a double reaction beam device
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  • 70
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/26
    In: CRREL Report, 80-26
    Description / Table of Contents: A vital concern to the survivability of hardened underground structures in rock is the relative displacement induced along geologic discontinuities by nearby explosions. Such displacement, commonly termed block motion, can occur along faults, joints, bedding planes and other structural weaknesses in rock. This report documents all occurrences of block motion observed during the development of DIHEST, a series of shallow-buried high explosive experiments designed to simulate the direct induced ground motions from a nuclear surface burst. Instances of block motion are described, along with pertinent details of the explosive arrays, geology and ground motion fields. The influence of these and other factors on the direction and magnitude of block motion is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 62 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-26
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited
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  • 71
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    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/24
    In: CRREL Report, 80-24
    Description / Table of Contents: The fluid shear stress applied to the underside of a simulated floating ice cover was measured in a laboratory flume. The measured values were compared with values of the shear stress computed from the von Karman-Prandtl velocity distribution fitted to the velocity profiles measured beneath the cover. For the lower velocity runs (approx 0.079 m/s) the measured and computed values of the shear stress were in close agreement. At the high velocity flows (approx 0.137 m/s) the measured values were roughly one-half those calculated from the velocity distribution. As the underside of the cover became increasingly rougher, the position of maximum velocity moved closer to the bottom of the channel. It was shown that the Darcy friction coefficient is exponentially related to a normalized ice cover thickness, which suggests that it is measure of the roughness of a fragmented ice cover.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 11 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental procedures Analysis of forces Experimental results Analysis of data Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 72
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/20
    In: CRREL Report, 80-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of impulse radar studies of sea ice give support to the concept of a sea ice model in which the ice bottom is composed of an array of lossy parallel plate waveguides. The fundametal relation between the average bulk brine volume of sea ice and its electrical and strength properties is discussed as is the remote detection of under-ice current alignment. It was found that 1) the average effective bulk dielectric constant is dependent upon the average bulk brine volume of the sea ice; 2) sea ice anisotropy, arising from a bottom structure of crystal platelets with a preferred c-axis horizontal alignment, can be detected by radio echo sounding measurements made not only on the ice surface but also from an airborne platform; 3) the effective coefficient of reflection from the seaiIce bottom decreases with increasing average effective bulk dielectric constant of the ice, decreases with increasing bulk brine volume, and is typically one to two orders of magnitude lower dhan the coefficient of reflection from the ice surface; and 4) the losses In sea ice increase with increasing average bulk brine volume.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-24
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures
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  • 73
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/18
    In: CRREL Report, 80-18
    Description / Table of Contents: The use of ice as a structural material is common practice for certain applications in cold regions. Techniques such as surface flooding or water spraying are used to accelerate ice growth rates, thereby lengthening the winter construction season. This report examines the heat and mass transfer rates from freely falling water drops in cold air. Design equations which predict the amount of supercooling of the drops as a function of outdoor ambient temperature, drop size and distance of fall are given
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-18
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity
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  • 74
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/2
    In: CRREL Report, 80-2
    Description / Table of Contents: Winter thermal structure and ice conditions in the land-fast ice cover of Lake Champlain were studied in detail for the winters of 1975-76 and 1976-77. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors attached to an ice mooring system and connected to a data logger at Shelburne Point, Vermont, during the winter of 1975-76 and at Gordon Landing on Grand Isle, Vermont, during 1976-77. This data logger automatically recorded water temperatures from the surface of the lake though snow, ice and water vertical profiles to the bottom of the lake every four hours. Pertinent meteorological parameters are presented for the appropriate measurement sites during the two winter periods, November '75-April '76, and November '76-April '77. Computations were made of freezing degree days (C) for both winters and correlated with ice formation dates. Predictions of ice growth, using the Stefan equation with an empirical coefficient, were correlated with actual ice growth. Documentation was made of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company's first attempt at wintertime navigation by ferry from Gordon Landing, Vermont, to Cumberland Head, New York, in a land fast ice cover during one of the coldest winters of this century.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-2
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Climate Site preparation and data collection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Relocation of measurement site, Fall 1976 Visual observations, ice conditions, and pertinent photography Analysis Air temperature comparisons Degree days of freezing Prediction of ice growth Water and ice temperature Wind Solar radiation Grand Isle ferry operations 1976-77 Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. General observations of ice conditions on Lake Champlain
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  • 75
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York : Vintage Books
    Call number: IASS 16.90435
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 270 S.
    ISBN: 0394513576 , 039473954x (pbk.) , 9780394739540 (pbk.)
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-2
    In: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG), 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 16 Seiten
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: Report to SCAR on Antarctic research activities of Germany (FRG) 2
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Antarctic Research Activities 1979-1980. - Planned Research Activities 1980-1981. - References.
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  • 77
    Call number: M 19.92590
    Pages: 642 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 78
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-95/11
    In: CRREL Report, 95-11
    Description / Table of Contents: A pavement joint seal prevents the passage of liquids into the pavement base and the intrusion of solids into the joint. The primary mechanical requirements of a pavement seal are that it respond elastically or viscoelastically to any movement of the joint without failure and that it withstand indentation of hard objects like rocks. Because pavement joint movements and seal deformations can be large, elastomeric sealants are often used to form seals. Winter conditions are recognized as the most critical for a seal because of the possibility that failure stresses will be reached as the joint opens to a maximum and the material stiffens in response to the temperature reduction. This report reviews the specific problems and requirements that cold climates create for the performance of elastomeric seals. Emphasis is placed on the material response behavior that can lead to failure of a seal. In an attempt to clarity the mechanics of sealant and seal performance associated with low-temperature pavement applications and to address the issue of low-temperature stiffening That should be a dominant factor in the selection of a sealant, this report presents background information on the formulation and mechanical properties of elastomeric seal materials and the structural behavior of field-molded joint and crack seals.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 20 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-11
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Introduction Elastomers and sealant formulations Mechanical behavior of sealants Phenomenological behavior of rubbers and elastomers Hyperelastic constitutive model Examples of sealant behavior Mechanical response of seals Basic structural geometry and loading configurations of seals Conventional performance testing for studying the load and deformation response of joint and crack seals Response of seals to joint movements Summary and recommendations Literature cited Abstract
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  • 79
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-95/14
    In: CRREL Report, 95-14
    Description / Table of Contents: Current protocols for decontaminating devices used to sample groundwater for organic contaminants are re­viewed. Most of the methods given by regulatory agencies provide little scientific evidence that justify the recommended protocols. In addition, only a few studies that actually compared various decontamination proto­cols could be found in the open literature, and those studies were limited in their scope. Various approaches for decontamination and criteria that are important in determining how effectively a surface could be decontami­nated are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Sorption and desorption of organic contaminants Decontamination methods Aqueous cleaning methods Cleaning or rinsing with organic solvents Chemical neutralization methods Current protocols to decontaminate groundwater sampling devices Variations in methodology Special instructions for cleaning pumps Effectiveness of various decontamination methods Low-temperature considerations Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 80
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-95/7
    In: CRREL Report, 95-7
    Description / Table of Contents: Before vehicle mobility in snow can be reliably predicted, a complete understanding of motion resistance in snow is required. This report examines several aspects of wheeled vehicle motion resistance using results obtained with the CRREL instrumented vehicle. Resistances of leading and trailing tires are examined. Limited data are presented for undercarriage drag, and third and fourth wheel passes in the same rut are initially analyzed, as is how snow deforms around a wheel. For the CRREL instrumented vehicle, a trailing tire has a resistance coefficient of about 0.017 for snow depths less than about 22cm. For deeper snow, the disruption of the snowpack caused by a preceding wheel causes snow to fall into the rut, resulting in higher trailing tire coefficients. For larger vehicles, which in some cases have trailing tires carrying larger loads than preceding tires, the trailing tire coefficients are on the order of 0.048 and 0.025 for second and third trailing wheels respectively. Since there are no trailing tire data available for these larger vehicles, these values are based on nonlinear regression analysis, which includes a prediction of the leading tire resistance. The results and observations of this study are applied in a reanalysis of the towed resistance data obtained during the U.S. Army's Wheels vs. Tracks study. An improved algorithm is presented for predicting wheeled vehicle motion resistance caused by snow.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-7
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental procedure Results and analysis Leading tire resistance Trailing tire resistance Deep snow Undercarriage drag Multiple passes Shallow snow resistance model Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Snow data Appendix B: Observations of snow deformation by a wheel Appendix C: Wheeled vehicle motion resistance data Abstract
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  • 81
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-95/1
    In: CRREL Report, 95-1
    Description / Table of Contents: This report annotates the cold regions mobility prediction routines included in the CAMMS/ALBE mobility models. It further explains the development of the algorithms that are used in these models to describe the interaction of a vehicle with terrain that has been affected by cold weather. The following terrain conditions are discussed: undisturbed snow (shallow and deep); disturbed snow (moderately trafficked and hard packed); ice; and thawing soils. Several combinations of substrates are also considered. A stand-alone computer model is included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 95-1
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Shallow snow Undisturbed snow on a firm substrate Undisturbed snow on a soft substrate Undisturbed snow over ice Disturbed, processed and packed snow Deep snow Ice Freezing or thawing ground conditions Bearing capacity of freezing ground Effect of thawing conditions on vehicle performance Speed made good Internal motion resistance Slopes Summary and recornmendations Literature cited Appendix A: Cold Regions Mobility Model CRM-1.F Appendix B: FORTRAN code using NRMM/CAMMS variables and format Appendix C: Traction coefficients on packed snow Appendix D: NRMM checkout data Abstract
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  • 82
    Call number: 21/AR 19.92225
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: circa 70 (verschiedene Seitenzählungen) , Illustrationen
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Call number: MOP 45138 / Mitte
    Description / Table of Contents: Highest concentrations at ground level are often produced from surface sources with stable atmospheric conditions and near calm winds. This report describes a weighted data methodology developed to predict surface concentrations from stationary wind-tunnel measurements and actual meteorological wind fields. Field measurements made downwind of the Rancho Seco Nuclear Power Station in 1975 have been compared against a set of wind-tunnel measurements around a 1:500 scale model of the same facilities. The weighted data algorithm was realistic in both predicting centerline concentration values as well as the horizontal spread of the plume.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 85 Seiten
    Series Statement: NUREG/CR 1474
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 84
    Call number: MOP 45169 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 85
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/23
    In: CRREL Report, 80-23
    Description / Table of Contents: The contribution of brine layers to observed reflective anisotropy of sea ice at 100 MHz is quantitatively assessed. The sea ice is considered to be a stratified, inhomogeneous, anisotropic dielectric consisting of pure ice containing ordered arrays of conducting inclusions (brine layers). Below the transition zone, the ice is assumed to have constant azimuthal c-axis orientation within the horizontal plane, so that the orientation of brine layers is uniform. The brine layers are also assumed to become increasingly well-defined with depth, since adjacent brine inclusions tend to fuse together with increasing temperature. A theoretical explanation for observed reflective anisotropy is proposed in terms of an isotropic electric flux penetration into the brine layers. Penetration anisotropy and brine layer geometry are linked to anisotropy in the complex dielectric constant of sea ice. In order to illustrate the above effects we present a numerical method of approximating the reflected power of a plane wave pulse incident on a slab of sea ice. Mixture dielectric constants are calculated for two polarizations of the incident wave: 1) the electric field parallel to the c-axis direction, and 2) the electric field perpendicular to the c-axis direction. These dielectric constants are then used to calculate power reflection coefficients for the two polarizations. Significant bottom reflection (R ~ 0.08) occurs when the polariza-tion is parallel to the c-axis. However, when the polarization is perpendicular to the c-axis, the return may be almost completely extinguished (R 〈 0.001). This extinction is due primarily to absorptive loss associated with the conduct-ing inclusions and secondarily to an impedance match at the ice/water interface that results in transmission of the wave to the water without reflection.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-23
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Anisotropy and sea ice macrostructure Anisotropy and sea ice microstructure A theory of anisotropic radar return from sea ice Anisotropic electric flux penetration into brine layers Implications of normal exclusion, tangential penetration, and brine layer geometry for dielectric behavior of sea ice Modeling of electromagnetic reflection from a stratified, anisotropic, inhomogeneous lossy medium Calculation of mixture complex dielectric constants Calculation of interfacial power reflection coefficients Calculation of bulk power reflection coefficients Calculation of attenuated power reflection coefficients Beam spread Results Anisotropic bottom reflections Anisotropic complex dielectric constants Sensitivity of parameters Internal reflection: the bumps Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
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  • 86
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/19
    In: CRREL Report, 80-19
    Description / Table of Contents: During the period 1975-1978 the Federal Highway Administration sponsored a series of environmental engineering in­vestigations along the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay Haul Road. In 1976 the Department of Energy joined these in­vestigations with a series of ecological projects which continue to the present. Both agencies research efforts were con­ducted on a cooperative basis with CRREL’s in-house research program. The objectives of the research focused on 1) an evaluation of the performance of the road, 2) an assessment of changes in the environment associated with the road, 3) documentation of flora and vegetation along the 577-km-long transect, 4) methodologies for revegetation and restoration, and 5) an assessment of biological parameters as indicators of environmental integrity. In support of these objectives, specific studies were undertaken that investigated the climate along the road, thaw and subsidence beneath and adjacent to the road, drainage and side slope performance, distribution and properties of road dust, vegetation distribution, vegetation disturbance and recovery, occurrence of weeds and weedy species, erosion and its control, revegetation and restoration, and construction of the fuel gas line. This report presents background, information on the region, detailed results of the road thaw subsidence and dust investigations, and summaries of revegetation, fuel gas line, vegetation distribution, soil, and weed studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: xv, 187 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-19
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series
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  • 87
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/13
    In: CRREL Report, 80-13
    Description / Table of Contents: Specimens prepared from various types of ice without introducing excessive defects were tested at temperatures ranging from -2° to -190°C. These tests indicated slightly higher Charpy values at lower temperatures and in more highly dispersed material concentrations. Three modes of fracture occurred during testing. Depending on the temperature and the material composition, either of the first two modes, normal fracture or multiple fracture, will appear and will show a normal frequency distribution of Charpy values in each type of ice. The third mode, fracture from both ends,which frequently occurred in the NH4F doped ice, gave Charpy values two to five times higher than the mean value for normal fracture. It can, therefore, be concluded that certain types of doping can alter the mode of fracture, through which drastic modifications of impact resistance my be possible.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-13
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface lntroduction Experimental Sample preparation Testing procedure Results General features Commercial Ice Notched commercial ice Sanded commercial ice Pure ice Single crystal ice Snow-ice Colloidal alumina-dispersed ice Colloidal silica.dispersed ice NH4F doped ice HF doped ice Discussion Literature cited
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  • 88
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/16
    In: CRREL Report, 80-16
    Description / Table of Contents: Eight species of loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoccidae), Acanthoecopsis spiculifera, Bicosta spinifera, Bicosta antennigera, Callicantha simplex, Calliacantha multispina aff., Crinolina aperta, Diaphanoeca multionnulata, and Parvicorbicula socialis, were observed in samples obtained from the Weddell Sea during the austral summer, 1977. D. multiannulata was described for the first time from these samples; the other organisms have either been described previously or are being described at this time. The distribution of most species within the Weddell Sea was widespread. The distributional, environmental, and morphological range of A. spiculifera, B. spinifera, C. aperta, and P. socialis was expanded. Habitats in which choanoflagellates were found included the water column, the edges of ice floes, ponds on ice floes, and the interiors of ice floes. The presence of choanoflagellates within the ice indicates that there may be a closely coupled trophic relationship with the other two biological components of the ice community, the ice algae and the bacteria. The presence in the ice of seven species with both a caudal appendage and anterior projections suggests a positive relationship between this lorica configuration and the ice habitat. Mechanisms of variance of transverse costal diameters between genera may be useful to the taxonomy and phylogeny of this family.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea
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  • 89
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/17
    In: CRREL Report, 80-17
    Description / Table of Contents: Construction pads made of snow were used to build two sections of the Trans Alaska Pipeline and a small gas pipeline during the winter of 1975-76. Construction during the winter has become increasingly common in the Arctic. Surface travel and the use of heavy construction equipment on the unprotected tundra have been severely restricted, even during the winter, so the use of temporary winter roads and construction pads built of snow and ice has been advocated and is being adopted. The three snow construction pads mentioned above were the first snow roads and construction pads used on a large scale in Alaska. Snow roads and construction pads have two objectives: to protect the underlying vegetation and upper layers of the ground, and to provide a hard, smooth surface for travel and the operation of equipment. Several types have been built, and a brief discussion is given of their history and classification systems. The three snow construction pads used in construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the small gas pipeline in 1975-76 were visited and observed while in use. The Globe Creek snow pad, about 50 miles north of Fairbanks, was built primarily of manufactured snow hauled to the site and watered. With very high densities this pad withstood heavy traffic and use by heavy construction equipment except on one steep slope. There, the use of tracked vehicles and vehicles without front wheel drive disaggregated the snow on and near the surface so that vehicles without front wheel drive were unable to climb the hill. The Toolik snow pad, just north of the Brooks Range, was built of compacted snow and proved capable of supporting the heaviest traffic and construction equipment. The fuel gasline snow pad ran from the northern Brooks Range to the Arctic Coast and also proved capable of supporting the necessary traffic. Both the Toolik snow pad and the fuel gasline snow pad failed in very early May because of unseasonably warm and clear weather before the associated construction projects were completed. However, the three snow pads must be considered successful. Common problems were the lack of snow, slopes, unseasonably warm spring weather, and inexperience on the part of contractors and construction personnel.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-17
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 90
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Boston, Mass. : American Meteorological Society
    Call number: MOP 45485 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: iv, 322 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 0933876513
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 91
    Call number: MOP 45063 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 92
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 93
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo
    Call number: AWI G3-23-95003
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xviii, 181 Seiten , Illustrationen , 28 cm
    Language: English
    Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1995 , TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE AUTHOR'S DECLARATION BORROWER'S PAGE ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF PLATES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PURPOSE 1.3 OBJECTIVES CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 THERMAL REGIME 2.3 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.4 HYDROLOGICAL REGIME 2.5 INTEGRATED STUDIES 2.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 3 STUDY SITE LOCATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 REGIONAL CLIMATE 3.3 GEOLOGY 3.4 VEGETATION 3.5 COLOUR LAKE BASIN CHAPTER4 INHERENT PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 METHODS 4.3 RESULTS 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 SS, EIF and GC Transects 4.4.2 Permafrost Transects 4.5 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 5.1 lNTRODUCTION 5.2 THEORY 5.2.1 Energy Balance 5.2.2 Active Layer Development 5.3 METHODS 5.3.1 Energy Balance 5.3.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.3.3 Predicting of Active Layer Depths 5.4 RESULTS 5.4.1 Energy Balance 5.4.2 Ground Thermal Regime 5.4.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.5 DISCUSSION 5.S.1 Energy Balance 5.5.2 Ground Temperatures and Ground Heat Flux 5.5.3 Predicting Active Layer Depths 5.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 6 HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTIVE LAYER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.2 THEORY 6.2.1 Moisture Distribution 6.2.2 Maximum Storage within the Active Layer 6.3 METHODS 6.3.1 Moisture Profiles Using TDR 6.3.2 Precipitation and Evaporation 6.3.3 Changes in Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.3.4 Maximum Water Storage in the Active Layer 6.4 RESULTS 6.4.1 Moisture Distribution 6.4.1.1 Water Content Peaks 6.4.1.2 Apparent Unfrozen Water Content 6.4.1.3 Temporal Trends of a Typical Moisture Profile 6.4.1.4 Deviations from a Typical Site 6.4.1.5 Moisture Distribution Along a Hillslope 6.4.2 Precipitation Infiltration 6.4.3. Water Storage 6.5 DISCUSSION 6.5.1 Effect of Hydrology on Active Layer Development 6.5.1.1 Precipitation 6.5.1.2 Ice and Water Content 6.5.1.3 Seasonal Changes in Soil Moisture Distribution 6.5.2 Effect of Active Layer on Hydrology 6.5.2. 1 Impermeable Boundary 6.5.2.2 Subsurface Ponding 6.5.2.3 Permafrost/Active Layer Boundary Topography 6.5.2.4 Effect of Active Layer Hydrology on Surface Water 6.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACTIVE LAYER DEVELOPMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 SUMMARY 7.3 CLIMATE CHANGE 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Increase of Temperature 7.3.3 Changing Precipitation 7.4 REMOTE SENSING 7.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FuRTHER RESEARCH APPENDIX A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX A.1: ACTIVE LAYER DEPTHS APPENDIX B THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX B.1: BASE CAMP METEOROLOGICAL STATION OBSERVATIONS APPENDIX B.2: DAILY ENERGY-BALANCE SUMMARY APPENDIX B.3: MONTHLY AVERAGES FROM THE DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE METEOROLOGICAL STATION APPENDIX B.4: EXAMPLE OF DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY BALANCE COMPONENTS APPENDIX B.5: SOIL TEMPERATURES AT THE INTENSIVE STUDY SITES APPENDIX B.6: ACCUMULATED THAWING DEGREE DAYS APPENDIX B.7: CURVE FOR FENWALL THERMISTORS APPENDIX B.8: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN √ADDT AND √TT APPENDIX C HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPENDIX C.1: VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT VALUES APPENDIX C.2: POTENTIAL INFILTRATION REFERENCES , Englisch
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  • 94
    Call number: 9783662031674 (e-book)
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9783662031674 , 978-3-662-03167-4
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword Preface Contributors I Introduction 1 The Development of Climate Research / by ANTONIO NAVARRA 1.1 The Nature of Climate Studies 1.1.1 The Big Storm Controversy 1.1.2 The Great Planetary Oscillations 1.2 The Components of Climate Research 1.2.1 Dynamical Theory 1.2.2 Numerical Experimentation 1.2.3 Statistical Analysis 2 Misuses of Statistical Analysis in Climate Research / by HANS VON STORCH 2.1 Prologue 2.2 Mandatory Testing and the Mexican Hat 2.3 Neglecting Serial Correlation 2.4 Misleading Names: The Case of the Decorrelation Time 2.5 Use of Advanced Techniques 2.6 Epilogue II Analyzing The Observed Climate 3 Climate Spectra and Stochastic Climate Models / by CLAUDE FRANKIGNOUL 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Spectral Characteristics of Atmospheric Variables 3.3 Stochastic Climate Model 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies 3.5 Variability of Other Surface Variables 3.6 Variability in the Ocean Interior 3.7 Long Term Climate Changes 4 The Instrumental Data Record: Its Accuracy and Use in Attempts to Identify the "CO2 Signal" / by PHIL JONES 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Homogeneity 4.2.1 Changes in Instrumentation, Exposure and Measuring Techniques 4.2.2 Changes in Station Locations 4.2.3 Changes in Observation Time and the Methods Used to Calculate Monthly Averages 4.2.4 Changes in the Station Environment 4.2.5 Precipitation and Pressure Homogeneity 4.2.6 Data Homogenization Techniques 4.3 Surface Climate Analysis 4.3.1 Temperature 4.3.2 Precipitation 4.3.3 Pressure 4.4 The Greenhouse Detection Problem 4.4.1 Definition of Detection Vector and Data Used 4.4.2 Spatial Correlation Methods 4.5 Conclusions 5 Interpreting High-Resolution Proxy Climate Data - The Example of Dendr о climatology / by KEITH R. BRIFFA 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Background 5.3 Site Selection and Dating 5.4 Chronology Confidence 5.4.1 Chronology Signal 5.4.2 Expressed Population Signal 5.4.3 Subsample Signal Strength 5.4.4 Wider Relevance of Chronology Signal 5.5 "Standardization" and Its Implications for Judging Theoretical Signal 5.5.1 Theoretical Chronology Signal 5.5.2 Standardization of "Raw" Data Measurements 5.5.3 General Relevance of the "Standardization" Problem 5.6 Quantifying Climate Signals in Chronologies 5.6.1 Calibration of Theoretical Signal 5.6.2 Verification of Calibrated Relationships 5.7 Discussion 5.8 Conclusions 6 Analysing the Boreal Summer Relationship Between World wide Sea-Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Variability / by M. NEIL WARD 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Physical Basis for Sea-Surface Temperature Forcing of the Atmosphere 6.2.1 Tropics 6.2.2 Extratropics 6.3 Characteristic Patterns of Global Sea Surface Temperature: EOFs and Rotated EOFs 6.3.1 Introduction 6.3.2 SST Data 6.3.3 EOF method 6.3.4 EOFs p^→1 - p^→3 6.3.5 Rotation of EOFs 6.4 Characteristic Features in the Marine Atmosphere Associated with the SST Patterns p^→2, p ^→3 and p^→2R in JAS 6.4.1 Data and Methods 6.4.2 Patterns in the Marine Atmosphere Associated with EOF p^→2 6.4.3 Patterns in the Marine Atmosphere Associated with EOF p^→3 6.4.4 Patterns in the Marine Atmosphere Associated with Rotated EOF p^→2R 6.5 JAS Sahel Rainfall Links with Sea-Surface Temperature and Marine Atmosphere 6.5.1 Introduction 6.5.2 Rainfall in the Sahel of Africa 6.5.3 High Frequency Sahel Rainfall Variations 6.5.4 Low Frequency Sahel Rainfall Variations 6.6 Conclusions III Simulating and Predicting Climate 7 The Simulation of Weather Types in GCMs : A Regional Approach to Control-Run Validation / by KEITH R. BRIFFA 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Lamb Catalogue 7.3 An "Objective" Lamb Classification 7.4 Details of the Selected GCM Experiments 7.5 Comparing Observed and GCM Climates 7.5.1 Lamb Types 7.5.2 Temperature and Precipitation 7.5.3 Relationships Between Circulation Frequencies and Temperature and Precipitation 7.5.4 Weather-Type Spell Lengths and Storm Frequencies 7.6 Conclusions 7.6.1 Specific Conclusions 7.6.2 General Conclusions 8 Statistical Analysis of GCM Output / by CLAUDE FRANKIGNOUL 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Univariate Analysis 8.2.1 The i-Test on the Mean of a Normal Variable 8.2.2 Tests for Autocorrelated Variables 8.2.3 Field Significance 8.2.4 Example: GCM Response to a Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly 8.3 Multivariate Analysis 8.3.1 Test on Means of Multidimensional Normal Variables 8.3.2 Application to Response Studies 8.3.3 Application to Model Testing and Intercomparison 9 Field Intercomparison / by ROBERT E . LIVEZEY 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Motivation for Permutation and Monte Carlo Testing 9.2.1 Local vs. Field Significance 9.2.2 Test Example 9.3 Permutation Procedures 9.3.1 Test Environment 9.3.2 Permutation (PP) and Bootstrap (BP) Procedures 9.3.3 Properties 9.3.4 Interdependence Among Field Variables 9.4 Serial Correlation 9.4.1 Local Probability Matching 9.4.2 Times Series and Monte Carlo Methods 9.4.3 Independent Samples 9.4.4 Conservatism 9.5 Concluding Remarks 10 The Evaluation of Forecasts / by ROBERT E. LIVEZEY 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Considerations for Objective Verification 10.2.1 Quantification 10.2.2 Authentication 10.2.3 Description of Probability Distributions 10.2.4 Comparison of Forecasts 10.3 Measures and Relationships: Categorical Forecasts 10.3.1 Contingency and Definitions 10.3.2 Some Scores Based on the Contingency Table 10.4 Measures and Relationships: Continuous Forecasts 10.4.1 Mean Squared Error and Correlation 10.4.2 Pattern Verification (the Murphy-Epstein Decomposition) 10.5 Hindcasts and Cross-Validation 10.5.1 Cross-Validation Procedure 10.5.2 Key Constraints in Cross-Validation 11 Stochastic Modeling of Precipitation with Applications to Climate Model Downscaling / by DENNIS LETTENMAIER 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Probabilistic Characteristics of Precipitation 11.3 Stochastic Models of Precipitation 11.3.1 Background 11.3.2 Applications to Global Change 11.4 Stochastic Precipitation Models with External Forcing 11.4.1 Weather Classification Schemes 11.4.2 Conditional Stochastic Precipitation Models 11.5 Applications to Alternative Climate Simulation 11.6 Conclusions IV Pattern Analysis 12 Teleconnections Patterns / by ANTONIO NAVARRA 12.1 Objective Teleconnections 12.2 Singular Value Decomposition 12.3 Teleconnections in the Ocean-Atmosphere System 12.4 Concluding Remarks 13 Spatial Patterns: EOFs and CCA / by HANS VON STORCH 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Expansion into a Few Guess Patterns 13.2.1 Guess Patterns, Expansion Coefficients and Explained Variance 13.2.2 Example: Temperature Distribution in the Mediterranean Sea 13.2.3 Specification of Guess Patterns 13.2.4 Rotation of Guess Patterns 13.3 Empirical Orthogonal Functions 13.3.1 Definition of EOFs 13.3.2 What EOFs Are Not Designed for 13.3.3 Estimating EOFs 13.3.4 Example: Central European Temperature 13.4 Canonical Correlation Analysis 13.4.1 Definition of Canonical Correlation Patterns 13.4.2 CCA in EOF Coordinates 13.4.3 Estimation: CCA of Finite Samples 13.4.4 Example: Central European Temperature 14 Patterns in Time : SSA and MSSA / by ROBERT VAUTARD 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Reconstruction and Approximation of Attractors 14.2.1 The Embedding Problem 14.2.2 Dimension and Noise 14.2.3 The Macroscopic Approximation 14.3 Singular Spectrum Analysis 14.3.1 Time EOFs 14.3.2 Space-Time EOFs 14.3.3 Oscillatory Pairs 14.3.4 Spectral Properties 14.3.5 Choice of the Embedding Dimension 14.3.6 Estimating Time and Space-Time Patterns 14.4 Climatic Applications of SSA 14.4.1 The Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillations 14.4.2 Empirical Long-Range Forecasts Using MSSA Predictors 14.5 Conclusions 15 Multivariate Statistical Modeling : POP-Model as a First Order Approximation / by JIN-SONG VON STORCH 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Cross-Covariance Matrix and the Cross-Spectrum Matrix 15.3 Multivariate AR(1) Process and its Cross-Covariance and Cross-Spectrum Matrices 15.3.1 The System Matrix A and its POPs 15.3.2 Cross-Spectrum Matrix in POP-Basis: Its Matrix Formulation 15.3.3 Cross-Spectrum Matrix in POP-Basis: Its Diagonal Components
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  • 95
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Associated volumes
    Call number: M 96.0540/1
    In: Lakes in China
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 585 S.
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 96
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Call number: M 15.89146
    Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 223 S., , Ill.
    Language: English
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 97
    Call number: PIK L 612-17-90923
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 46 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt
    Edition: 3. ed
    ISBN: 0662234413
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 98
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Joensuu : European Forest Institute
    Call number: PIK W 510-19-92839
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 114, 4 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9529844042
    Series Statement: Working paper / European Forest Institute 5
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Washington DC : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Call number: MOP 45346 / Mitte
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 176 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
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  • 100
    Call number: ZSP-201-80/10
    In: CRREL Report, 80-10
    Description / Table of Contents: A mathematical model of coupled heat and moisture flow in soils has been developed. The model includes algorithms for phase change of soil moisture and frost heave and permits several types of boundary and initial conditions. The finite element method of weighted residual (Galerkin procedure) was chosen to simulate the spatial regime and the Crank-Nicholson method was used for the time domain portion of the model. To facilitate evaluation of the model, the heat and moisture fluxes were essentially decoupled; moisture flux was then simulated accurately, as were heat flux and frost heave in a laboratory test. Comparison of the simulated and experimental data illustrates the importance of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. It is one parameter which is difficult to measure and for which only a few laboratory test results are available. Therefore, unsaturated hydraulic conductivities calculated in the computer model may be a significant source of error in calculations of frost heave. The algorithm incorporating effects of surcharge and overburden was inconclusively evaluated. Time-dependent frost penetration and frost heave in laboratory specimens were closely simulated with the model. After 10 days of simulation, the computed frost heave was about 2.3 cm vs 2.0 cm and 2.8 cm in two tests. Frost penetration was computed as 15 cm and was measured at 12.0 cm and 12.2 cm in the two laboratory samples after 10 days.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 80-10
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction One-dimensional equations of simultaneous heat and moisture flux Moisture transport Heat transport Phase change Coupling effects Frost heave algorithm Development of computer model Finite difference vs finite element method Finite element formulation Time domain solution Evaluation of the mathematical model Heat flux Moisture flux Numerical dispersion Frost heave of homogeneous laboratory samples Conclusions Recommended studies to refine the model Literature cited Appendix A. Work plan, staffing and instrumentation requirements for correlating results oflaboratory frost susceptibility tests with field performance Appendix B. Proposed investigation of thaw weakening of subgrade soil and granular unboundbase course Appendix C. Derivation of finite element system matrices
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