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  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ  (29)
  • Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser  (24)
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy  (20)
  • Warszawa : Inst. Geofizyki Polskiej Akad. Nauk  (17)
  • Potsdam  (14)
  • English  (104)
  • Finnish
  • Russian
  • 2000-2004  (104)
Collection
Language
  • English  (104)
  • Finnish
  • Russian
  • German  (51)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fractals ; geodynamics ; geometry ; lithosphere
    Description / Table of Contents: Concepts and methods of fractal geometry penetrate various branches of human knowledge to an increasing degree. This tendency is particularly striking in the geosciences, because many processes occurring in and on the Earth result in time dependences and spatial patterns that have a fractal character. The contributions in this volume arose from the "3rd International Symposium on Fractals and Dynamic Systems in Geosciences", held at Stara Lesna, Slovakia in June, 1997. The volume contains new ideas and applications of fractal geometry in such diverse branches of geoscience as engineering geology, the physics of the lithosphere (including faulting, seismicity, and fluid flow), and climate behavior.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 192 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764363093
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; data processing ; infrasound
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 10, 1996, The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Copmprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume presents certain recent research results pertaining on methods used to process data recorded by instruments of the International Monitoring System (IMS) and addressing recording infrasound signals generated by atmospheric explosions. Six papers treating data processing provide an important selection of topics expected to contribute to improving our ability to successfully monitor a CTBT. Five papers concerning infrasound include descriptions of ways in which that important research area can contribute to CTBT monitoring, the automatic processing of infrasound data, and site conditions that serve to improve the quality of infrasound data.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (283 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366766
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: earthquake mechanism
    Description / Table of Contents: In many past and recent earthquakes it has been shown that the local conditions and, in particular, the local geology have a great influence on the observed seismic ground motion and, consequently, on the damage distribution in housing, industrial stock, and life-lines. Seismic microzoning is the usual procedure to have these local effects taken into account for engineering design and land-use planning, being a useful tool for earthquake risk mitigation. This volume presents a collection of papers mainly originated from a workshop on Seismic Microzoning, organized during the 23rd General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society (EGS) in Nice, France in April 1998. The workshop dealt with various geophysical tools for analysing the effects of the local soils of subsurface geology on seismic ground motion, namely the methods using experimental data such as microtremors, and the theoretical/numerical 1-D and 2-D modelling methods. Additional contributions discussing techniques for characterising soil properties, microzoning applications to several urban areas, and others were added to the volume to broaden this important topic.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366520
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Keywords: landslides ; tsunamis ; engineering seismology ; marine geology ; geotechnical engineering ; natural hazards
    Description / Table of Contents: In the wake of the disastrous tsunami which struck Papua New Guinea in 1998, this volume presents 20 state-of-the-art contributions on landslide tsunamis, including earthquake characteristics and ground motions, modeling of landslides in geotechnical engineering, field surveys on land and at sea, simulations of past, present, and potential future tsunamis, and theoretical studies of tsunami generation by landslides.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (435 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764360337
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Keywords: earthquake ; lithospheric structures ; seismic motion ; volcanic sources
    Description / Table of Contents: Geophysicists use seismic signals to image structures in the Earth's interior, to understand the mechanics of earthquake and volcanic sources, and to estimate their associated hazards. Keiiti Aki developed pioneering quantitative methods for extracting useful information from various portions of observed seismograms and applied these methods to many problems in the above fields. This volume honors Aki's contributions with review papers and results from recent applications by his former students and scientific associates pertaining to topics spawned by his work. Discussed subjects include analytical and numerical techniques for calculating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves, stochastic models used in engineering seismology, earthquake and volcanic source processes, seismic tomography, properties of lithospheric structures, analysis of scattered waves, and more. The volume will be useful to students and professional geophysicists alike.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (376 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370114
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371425
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371432
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; estimation ; identification ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents summaries of recent research results on the related subjects of source processes and explosion yield estimation, which are important elements of any treaty verification system. The term Source Processes, in the context of nuclear test monitoring, refers to a wide range of research topics. In a narrow definition, it describes the complex physical phenomena that are directly associated with a nuclear explosion, and the catastrophic deformation and transformation of the material surrounding the explosion. In a broader sense, it includes a host of topics related to the inference of explosion phenomena from seismic and other signals. A further widening of the definition includes the study and characterization of source processes of events other than nuclear, such as earthquakes and, in particular, mining explosions. This latter research is especially important relative to the question of identifying and discriminating nuclear explosions from other seismic events. Explosion Yield Estimation deals with the corresponding inverse problem of inferring explosion source characteristics through analyses of the various types of seismic signals produced by the explosion. This is a complex technical task which has been the focus of some of the most contentious treaty monitoring debates. The current compilation of eight articles on Source Processes and six articles on Explosion Yield Estimation gives a good representation of state-of-the-art research currently being conducted in the broad area of seismic source characterization in the context of nuclear test monitoring.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (261 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365523
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geochemics ; geodesy ; geophysics ; seismicity ; volcanic activity
    Description / Table of Contents: The topics included in this issue deal with many aspects of volcanic and seismic activity, two of the natural hazards of geological origin that have the greatest impact and pose the predominant risk to society. This book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. The papers address geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects caused by seismic and volcanic activity; monitoring of volcanic and seismic processes using space and terrestrial techniques; complementarity of these techniques; theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes; inverse problem; interpretation of observations; hazards; seismicity patterns and application.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370442
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 284 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366759
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: fluid mechanics ; rock mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764302535
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; monitoring ; seismic event location
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IV, 419 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365349
    Language: English
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  • 13
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; hydroacoustics ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. A global hydroacoustic monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to the development of effective monitoring methods to verify compliance with the CTBT. The aim of this volume on Hydroacoustic Monitoring of the CTBT is to summarize the research being conducted in this field and to provide basic references for future research. Much of the new research emphasizes major advances in understanding the coupling of ocean acoustic waves with elastic waves in the solid Earth. Topics covered include source excitation, detection and classification of events generating hydroacoustic signals, discrimination between underwater explosions and naturally occurring events, as well as topics in coupling of acoustic to seismic wavefields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 205 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365387
    Language: English
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  • 14
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; nuclear explosions ; surface waves ; monitoring
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 243 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365516
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics in Part II range from the 3-D simulations of earthquake generation cycles and interseismic crustal deformation associated with plate subduction to the development of new methods for analyzing geophysical and geodetical data and new simulation algorithms for large amplitude folding and mantle convection with viscoelastic/brittle lithosphere, as well as a theoretical study of accelerated seismic release on heterogeneous faults, simulation of long-range automaton models of earthquakes, and various approaches to earthquake predicition based on underlying physical and/or statistical models for seismicity change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369163
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismicity
    Description / Table of Contents: The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment. Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370428
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: air pollution ; air quality ; climatology
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume, "Air Quality", contains many original findings on biomasss fires, transboundary pollution and associated haze and their impacts on health, biodiversity and economy and thus is expected to be a source book for research in South East Asia. Many of the results presented in this volume pertain to this region and are thus available under one "roof". Some papers could be discussed in graduate level classes dealing with Air Pollution, Air Quality, Cloud Physics and Biophysics. The scientific community will find this book a useful addition to their personal and institutional libraries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 439 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370053
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismic interpretation ; seismic structure ; seismic zoning ; seismicity ; vrancea
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 279 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9783764362638
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Call number: ZS-190(74) ; ZSP-625-74
    In: PIK report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 40 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 74
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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  • 20
    Call number: 21/STR 02/01
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: 36 S.
    Series Statement: Scientific technical report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 02/01
    Classification:
    A. 1.7.
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
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  • 21
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Warszawa : Inst. Geofizyki Polskiej Akad. Nauk
    Associated volumes
    Call number: S 91.0236(B-30) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 103 S.
    ISBN: 8388765256
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 30 = 353 : monographic volume
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Call number: ZS-190(77) ; ZSP-625-77
    In: PIK report
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XX, 128 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 77
    Classification:
    Applied Geology
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Call number: S 91.0236(E-3) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 117 S.
    ISBN: 838876537X
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : E, Water resources 3 = 365 : monographic volume)
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    B..
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  • 24
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    Call number: S 91.0236(D-61)
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 61 S.
    ISBN: 8388765329
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Akademy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 62 = 360
    Language: English
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  • 25
    Series available for loan
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    Call number: SR 91.0236(D-53) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 55 S.
    ISBN: 8385173943
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Akademy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 53 = 322
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  • 26
    Call number: 21/STR 03/01
    In: Scientific technical report
    Description / Table of Contents: Polar motion data is available from the mid-19th century to the present. Based on time series with a variety of sampling intervals (monthly, 0.05-year, 5-day and daily), we have separated the low-frequency terms by low-pass filtering and the Chandler and annual terms by recursive band-pass filtering of the pole coordinates. Using a simple unweighted least-squares fit to the filtered low-frequency terms, the linear trends of the rotation pole were estimated. Assessing the estimates based on intercomparisons, the most reliable trend estimate was found. Using a Fast Fourier Transform, we have computed the prograde, retrograde and total amplitude spectra of the low-frequency part of polar motion in order to reveal the long-periodic signals. The characteristics and time evolution of the Chandler and annual wobbles are described by changes in their parameters (radii, directions and period lengths) over one century.
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: 51 S.
    Series Statement: Scientific technical report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 03/01
    Classification:
    Geodynamics
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Call number: S 91.0236(B-24) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 211 S.
    ISBN: 8388765086
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 24 = 336
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    Geophysics
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  • 28
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    Call number: S 91.0236(B-33) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 141 S.
    ISBN: 8388765388
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 33 = 366
    Classification:
    Seismology
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  • 29
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    Call number: S 91.0236(D-61)
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 74 S.
    ISBN: 8388765272
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 61 = 355
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  • 30
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    Call number: SR 91.0236(D-56) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 72 S.
    ISBN: 8388765051
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 56 = 333
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  • 31
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    Call number: SR 91.0236(D-55) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 86 S.
    ISBN: 8388765043
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Akademy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 55 = 332
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  • 32
    Call number: SR 91.0236(D-57) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 96 S.
    ISBN: 8388765132
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Akademy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 57 = 341
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  • 33
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    Call number: S 91.0236(D-58) 7 Reagal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 75 S.
    ISBN: 8388765140
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 58 = 342
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  • 34
    Series available for loan
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    Call number: S 91.0236(D-59) / Mag. 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 86 S.
    ISBN: 8388765213
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Akademy of Sciences : D, Physics of the atmosphere 59 = 349
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  • 35
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    Call number: S 91.0236(B-27) / Mag. 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 180 S.
    ISBN: 8388765116
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 27 = 339 : monographic volume
    Classification:
    Seismology
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  • 36
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    Call number: S 91.0236(D-60) / Mag. 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 91 S.
    ISBN: 838876523X
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    Call number: SR 91.0236(B-32) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 109 S.
    ISBN: 8388765345
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 32 = 362
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    Seismology
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  • 38
    Call number: 21/STR 00/20
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: 118 S.
    Series Statement: Scientific technical report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 00/20
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    Regional Geology
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  • 39
    Call number: ZS-190(60) ; ZSP-625-60
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    Pages: 23 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 60
    Language: English
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    Call number: ZS-190(61) ; ZSP-625-61
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    Pages: 73 S.
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    Call number: ZS-190(59) ; ZSP-625-59
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    Pages: 119, XLIX S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 59
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    Call number: ZS-190(66) ; ZSP-625-66
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    Pages: 120, A.8 S.
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    Call number: ZS-190(72) ; ZSP-625-72
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    Pages: 45 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 72
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    Call number: ZS-190(73) ; ZSP-625-73
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    Pages: X, 196 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 73
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    Call number: S 91.0236(B-34) / Regal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 207 S.
    ISBN: 8388765396
    Series Statement: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences : B, Seismology 34 = 367 : monograph volume
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    Seismology
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    Call number: ZS-190(57) ; ZSP-625-57
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    Pages: 25 S.
    Series Statement: PIK report 57
    Classification:
    Ecology
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    Call number: 21/STR 00/17
    In: Scientific technical report
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: 215 S.
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    Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing
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    Call number: SR 91.0236(D-54) / REgal 35
    In: Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 72 S.
    ISBN: 838517396X
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  • 49
    Call number: 21/STR 03/02
    In: Scientific technical report
    Description / Table of Contents: A Databank was created using data from 25 local catalogues and 30 special studiesof earthquakes in central, northern and northwestern Europe. Event types werediscriminated, fake events and duplets eliminated, and different magnitudes andintensities converted to Mw. The conversions require the establishment of regressionequations. The Catalogue contains tectonic events from the Databank within the area44°N-72°N, 25°W-32°E and the time period 1300-1993 which have Mw magnitudesof 3.50 and larger. The area is covered by different polygons. Within each polygononly data from one or a small number of the local catalogues, supplemented by datafrom special studies, enter the Catalogue. If there are two or more such catalogues orstudies providing a solution for an event, a priority algorithm selects one entry forthe Catalogue. Then Mw is calculated from one of the magnitude types, or frommacroseismic data, given by the selected entry according to another priority scheme.The origin time, location, Mw magnitude and reference are specified for each entryof the Catalogue. So is the epicentral intensity, I0, if provided by the original source.Following these criteria, a total of about 5,000 earthquakes constitute the Catalogue.Although originally derived for the purpose of seismic hazard calculation withinGSHAP, the Catalogue provides a data base for many types of seismicity andseismic hazard studies.
    Type of Medium: GFZ publications
    Pages: 143 S.
    Series Statement: Scientific technical report / Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam 03/02
    Classification:
    Seismology
    Language: English
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    Unknown
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: geodesy ; geophysics ; seismology ; seismotectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Azores-Tunisia region is formed by the western part of the plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa. This plate boundary presents a complex nature due to its proximity to the pole of rotation of the African plate. This condition produces crustal extensions and normal faulting at the Azores archipelago, transcurrent motion with strike slip faulting at the center part of the Azores-Gibraltar fault and at the eastern end, from the Gulf of Cadiz to Tunisia, plate convergence with reverse faulting. In this last part, the collision of Iberia with northern Morocco produces complex phenomena with intermediate depth and deep earthquakes and an extensional regime at the Alboran sea. Recently, new evidence has been gathered in this region based on observations from geology, geodesy, mainly through GPS measurements, seismology, especially with the installation of broad-band stations, and other fields of geophysics, such as paleomagnetism and gravimetry.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764370435
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  • 51
    Keywords: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ; CTBT ; crustal structure ; monitoring ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Successful monitoring of a CTBT requires that we detect and identify all nuclear explosions. Since many events of concern will be too small to be detected teleseismically, this capability requires the use of regional-distance seismograms. The complexity of regional seismograms presents many technical challenges for a monitoring program. This issue focuses on problems associated with regional wave propagation through complex media. It includes papers that investigate regional variations of elastic and anelastic properties of Eurasia, the blockage of regional phases by sedimentary basins, methods for modeling regional wave propagation and for calibrating seismic wave paths in order to extract amplitude variations and source parameters. These papers illustrate the research and development necessary for acquiring an understanding of regional wave propagation which in turn provides the foundation for operational tools used to monitor a CTBT.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (V, 211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764365509
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  • 52
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369156
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: seismic waves ; geophysics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: This special issue contains contributions presented at the international workshop Seismic Waves in Laterally Inhomogeneous Media V, which was held at the Castle of Zahrádky, Czech Republic, June 5 - 9, 2000. The workshop, which was attended by about 60 seismologists from 16 countries, was devoted mainly to the current state of theoretical and computational means of study of seismic wave propagation in complex structures. The special issue begins with papers dealing with the study and the application of the ray methods. Problems such as coupling of quasi-shear waves or smoothing of models for effective ray computations are dealt with. Applications of the ray methods in seismic exploration are presented. Further, directional wavefield decomposition, phase space, path integral and parabolic equation methods are discussed. Attention is also devoted to attenuation and scattering problems, and to seismic inversion problems.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 503 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366773
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    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Keywords: induced seismicity
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 617 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764366537
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  • 55
    Keywords: Earthquake Prediction ; Simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: Vol. 157, 2000 spanning across disciplines and national boundaries gives cause for optimism. New participation in ACES to extend its existing synergies is welcomed. We wish to thank the scientific participants of The APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation (ACES) and the contributors to this book. We express appreciation to the Australian, Chinese, Japanese and USA governments for supporting the establishment of ACES. We gratefully acknowledge funding support by the Australian government's Department of Industry, Science and Resources, The University of Queensland, Japan's Science and Technology Agency through its Research Organisation for Information Science and Technology, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Science Foundation of China. We acknowledge with appreciation additional workshop sponsorship pro­ vided by SGI (Silicon Graphics). Special thanks to QUAKES team members (Tracy Paroz, David Place, Steffen Abe, Dion Weatherley and Steven Jaume) and Kim Olsen who provided assistance to the Editors. Peter Mora would also like to thank Evelyne Meier. REFERENCES I-st ACES Workshop Proceedings (1999), ed. Mora, P. (ACES, Brisbane, Australia, ISBN 1 86499 121 6), 554 pp. APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation: http://quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES ACES Inaugural Workshop: http://quakes. earth. uq. edu. au/ACES_ WS Raul Madariaga Peter Mora QUAKES Laboratoire de Geologie Department of Earth Sciences Ecole Normale Superieur The University of Queensland 24 Rue Lhomond 4072 Brisbane, Qld F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05 Australia France mora@earth. up. edu. au madariag@geologie. ens.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 567 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783034876957
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-18
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-26
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this second brochure, WISIONS aims to focus on the significance of a combined approach to water and energy and to present a number of projects from around the globe that have been successfully implemented, with the intention of further promoting the particular approaches used by these projects. Using a key number of internationally accepted criteria, the main consideration for selection of the projects was energy and resource efficiency, but social aspects such as the inclusion of local population were also of relevance. The assessment of the projects also included the consideration of regional factors acknowledging different needs and potentials.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The brochure focuses on the significance of the construction sector and aim to collect world-wide innovative project approaches that have already been implemented to promote the concepts. Using a key number of internationally accepted criteria, the main considerations have been the energy efficiency and in a broad sense also the resource efficiency of the projects.
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    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: This manual sets out to be an instruction guide for the implementation of analyses according to the MIPS concept. MIPS stands for Material Input Per Service unit, a measure developed at the Wuppertal Institute, which serves as an indicator of precautionary environmental protection. However, this publication is not a comprehensive description of the methods used, but should rather be seen as supplementing existing publications, in particular, the MAIA Handbook. This practical guide contains additional information, which cannot be part of a methodological description, but which is indispensable for the practical work. This manual is directed at enterprises and persons, who wish to carry out MIPS or a material analysis in relation to products or services. It gives a general impression of what MIPS is, and how MIPS is calculated.
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The final report contains a description of the results obtained within a research contract between IRE RAS and GFZ Potsdam during the period April-November 2004. The objectives of investigation included (1) the radio-holographic methods for obtaining vertical profiles of the vertical gradients of physical parameters in the atmosphere, (2) radio holographic methods for atmospheric, ionospheric and stratospheric waves, and (3) validation of the software with GPS/MET (GPS/METeorology, e.g., Rocken et al. 1997) and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload, e.g., Reigber et al. 2005) data and final report with recommendations.
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Late Miocene to Quaternary volcanic rocks from the frontal arc to the back-arc region of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes show a wide range of delta 11B values (+4 to -7 ‰) and boron concentrations (6 to 60 ppm). Positive delta 11B values of samples from the volcanic front indicate involvement of a 11B-enriched slab component, most likely derived from altered oceanic crust, despite the thick Andean continental lithosphere, and rule out a pure crust-mantle origin for these lavas. The delta 11B values and B concentrations in the lavas decrease systematically with increasing depth of the Wadati-Benioff Zone. This across-arc variation in delta 11B values and decreasing B/Nb ratios from the arc to the back-arc samples are attributed to the combined effects of B-isotope fractionation during progressive dehydration in the slab and a steady decrease in slab-fluid flux towards the back arc, coupled with a relatively constant degree of crustal contamination as indicated by similar Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios in all samples. Modelling of fluid-mineral B-isotope fractionation as a function of temperature fits the across-arc variation in delta 11B and we conclude that the B-isotope composition of arc volcanics is dominated by changing delta 11B composition of B-rich slab-fluids during progressive dehydration. Crustal contamination becomes more important towards the back-arc due to the decrease in slab-derived fluid flux. Because of this isotope fractionation effect, high delta 11B signatures in volcanic arcs need not necessarily reflect differences in the initial composition of the subducting slab. Three-component mixing calculations for slab-derived fluid, the mantle wedge and the continental crust based on B, Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that the slab-fluid component dominates the B composition of the fertile mantle and that the primary arc magmas were contaminated by an average addition of 15 to 30 % crustal material.
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This manual outlines the characteristics and structure of the software and describes how to use the software. The principles and new features are outlined systematically and referred partly to existing references. Numerical examples of multi-functions and internal tests as well as external comparisons are given.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-07-28
    Description: We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of or against continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. After this, we reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of the newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the continuous-wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. Furthermore, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 a are included. Finally, the four types of observable are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are 3×10^20 Pa s and 1.6 × 10^22 Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This report is also published as Scientific Report No. 04-9 of the Danish Meteorological Institute.
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: In this thesis the subduction zone of the Central Andes is studied. The Andes have formed in a complex interplay of subduction related and tectonic processes. The Central Andes with the associated Altiplano-Puna high plateau constitute the second largest continental land-mass on earth, rivaled only by the Tibetan highland. Whereas in the case of the Himalayas , where two buoyant continental plates collide, crustal thickening and uplift is quite intuitive, processes leading to formation of a plateau above a subduction zone are puzzling.
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: As observed on the Earth's surface, the magnetic field can be separated into three components: The "Main Field", the "Crustal Field" and the "External Magnetic Field". This work concentrates on the magnetospheric current systems, in order to correct the effect of large-scale magnetospheric current systems. Their exact knowledge is vital to improve the main field and secular variation models. Spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) is commonly used to describe the magnetic field. In SHA it is possible to distinguish between internal and external contributions to the Earth's magnetic field. The spherical harmonic coefficients describe dipolar, quadrupolar and higher parts in spherical coordinates. Here, CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) measurements are used. Due to the inclination CHAMP is changing the orbit in local time. From time to time CHAMP is flying in resonance with the Earth's rotation, i.e. the satellite is flying over the same ground track after a couple of days. To model changes during a period of a few days these so called "repeat tracks" are very helpful for an improved main field/external field model. On the Earth's surface the magnetic effect of magnetospheric currents is often characterised by the DST-indix. In this study, it is explained how a possible constitution of the external sources of the geomagnetic field can look like and how the effect of these magnetospheric currents can be corrected in main field modelling.
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der kombinierten strukturgeologischen und magnetotellurischen Untersuchung eines Segmentes der ’West Fault’-Störung in den nordchilenischen Anden. Die West Fault ist ein Abschnitt des über 2000 km langen Präkordilleren-Störungssystem, welches im Zusammenhang mit der Subduktion vor der südamerikanischenWestküste entstanden ist. Die Aktivität dieses Störungssystems reichte vom Eozän bis in das Quartär. Der Verlauf der West Fault ist im Untersuchungsgebiet (22° 04’ S, 68° 53’W) an der Oberfläche klar definiert und weist über viele zehner Kilometer eine konstante Streichrichtung auf. Die Aufschlussbedingungen und die Morphologie des Arbeitsgebietes sind ideal für kombinierte Untersuchungen der störungsbezogenen Deformation und der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Untergrundes mit Hilfe magnetotellurischer Experimente (MT) und der erdmagnetischen Tiefensondierung (GDS). Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, eine mögliche Korrelation der beiden Meßmethoden herauszuarbeiten, und die interne Störungsarchitektur der West Fault umfassend zu beschreiben.
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: The report describes the main results of investigations performed in 2001 year in framework of a research contract between GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (IRE).
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: After a gap of nearly two decades since the Magsat mission in 1980, the dedicated low-orbit potential field mission CHAMP is now in the third of its seven year mission. Already, the new magnetic total intensity and vector data have yielded maps of the global crustal field of unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Here, we assess the value of these maps to infer deep crustal structure of regions overlain by younger cover. A GIS based modelling technique has been developed to model the various geological units of the continents starting from the geological map of the world. Depending upon the known rock types of the region, they are assigned a standard susceptibility value and using the global seismic crustal structure, a vertically integrated susceptibility (VIS) model is computed at each point of the region. Starting with this initial VIS model, the vertical field anomaly is computed at a satellite altitude of 400 km and compared with the corresponding CHAMP vertical field anomaly map. The first comparison is carried out against a model using the lateral extent of a cratonic region as given by published tectonic maps. In the subsequent modelling step, depending upon the extent of the observed anomaly pattern of that region, the surface geology is extended beneath the sediments until the recomputed map fits the observed magnetic anomaly map. Here, we focus on modelling results for the selected few provinces of the world where the initial model does not agree with the observed anomaly map. Similar modelling of CHAMP satellite magnetic anomalies can constrain the subsurface structure hidden by Phanerozoic cover in many parts of the world.
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a prominent shear zone in the Middle East. It separates the Arabian plate from the Sinai microplate and stretches from the Red Sea rift in the south via the Dead Sea to the Taurus-Zagros collision zone in the north. Formed in the Miocene »17 Ma ago and related to the breakup of the Afro-Arabian continent, the DST accommodates the left-lateral movement between the two plates. The study area is located in the Arava Valley between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, centered across the Arava Fault (AF), which constitutes the major branch of the transform in this region. A set of seismic experiments comprising controlled sources, linear profiles across the fault, and specifically designed receiver arrays reveals the subsurface structure in the vicinity of the AF and of the fault zone itself down to about 3–4 km depth. A tomographically determined seismic P velocity model shows a pronounced velocity contrast near the fault with lower velocities on the western side than east of it. Additionally, S waves from local earthquakes provide an average P -to-S velocity ratio in the study area, and there are indications for a variations across the fault. High-resolution tomographic velocity sections and seismic reflection profiles confirm the surface trace of the AF, and observed features correlate well with fault-related geological observations. Coincident electrical resistivity sections from magnetotelluric measurements across the AF show a conductive layer west of the fault, resistive regions east of it, and a marked contrast near the trace of the AF, which seems to act as an impermeable barrier for fluid flow. The correlation of seismic velocities and electrical resistivities lead to a characterisation of subsurface lithologies from their physical properties. Whereas the western side of the fault is characterised by a layered structure, the eastern side is rather uniform. The vertical boundary between the western and the eastern units seems to be offset to the east of the AF surface trace. A modelling of fault-zone reflected waves indicates that the boundary between low and high velocities is possibly rather sharp but exhibits a rough surface on the length scale a few hundreds of metres. This gives rise to scattering of seismic waves at this boundary. The imaging (migration) method used is based on array beamforming and coherency analysis of P -to-P scattered seismic phases. Careful assessment of the resolution ensures reliable imaging results. The western low velocities correspond to the young sedimentary fill in the Arava Valley, and the high velocities in the east reflect mainly Precambrian igneous rocks. A 7 km long subvertical scattering zone (reflector) is offset about 1 km east of the AF surface trace and can be imaged from 1 km to about 4 km depth. The reflector marks the boundary between two lithological blocks juxtaposed most probably by displacement along the DST. This interpretation as a lithological boundary is supported by the combined seismic and magnetotelluric analysis. The boundary may be a strand of the AF, which is offset from the current, recently active surface trace. The total slip of the DST may be distributed spatially and in time over these two strands and possibly other faults in the area.
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor »17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3–4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P -zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg. Hoch aufgelöste tomographische Geschwindigkeitsmodelle bestätigen der Verlauf der AF und stimmen gut mit der Oberflächengeologie überein. Modelle des elektrischen Widerstands aus magnetotellurischen Messungen im selben Gebiet zeigen eine leitfähige Schicht westlich der AF, schlecht leitendes Material östlich davon und einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF, die den Fluss von Fluiden von einer Seite zur anderen zu verhindern scheint. Die Korrelation seismischer Geschwindigkeiten und elektrischer Widerstände erlaubt eine Charakterisierung verschiedener Lithologien im Untergrund aus deren physikalischen Eigenschaften. Die westliche Seite lässt sich durch eine geschichtete Struktur beschreiben, wogegen die östliche Seite eher einheitlich erscheint. Die senkrechte Grenze zwischen den westlichen Einheiten und der östlichen scheint gegenüber der Oberflächenausprägung der AF nach Osten verschoben zu sein. Eine Modellierung von seismischen Reflexionen an einer Störung deutet an, dass die Grenze zwischen niedrigen und hohen Geschwindigkeiten eher scharf ist, sich aber durch eine raue Oberfläche auf der Längenskala einiger hundert Meter auszeichnen kann, was die Streuung seismischer Wellen begünstigte. Das verwendete Abbildungsverfahren (Migrationsverfahren) für seismische Streukörper basiert auf Array Beamforming und der Kohärenzanalyse P -zu-P gestreuter seismischer Phasen. Eine sorgfältige Bestimmung der Auflösung sichert zuverlässige Abbildungsergebnisse. Die niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten im Westen entsprechen der jungen sedimentären Füllung im Arava Tal, und die hohen Geschwindigkeiten stehen mit den dortigen präkambrischen Magmatiten in Verbindung. Eine 7 km lange Zone seismischer Streuung (Reflektor) ist gegenüber der an der Oberfläche sichtbaren AF um 1 km nach Osten verschoben und lässt sich im Tiefenbereich von 1 km bis 4 km abbilden. Dieser Reflektor markiert die Grenze zwischen zwei lithologischen Blöcken, die vermutlich wegen des horizontalen Versatzes entlang der DST nebeneinander zu liegen kamen. Diese Interpretation als lithologische Grenze wird durch die gemeinsame Auswertung der seismischen und magnetotellurischen Modelle gestützt. Die Grenze ist möglicherweise ein Ast der AF, der versetzt gegenüber des heutigen, aktiven Asts verläuft. Der Gesamtversatz der DST könnte räumlich und zeitlich auf diese beiden Äste und möglicherweise auch auf andere Störungen in dem Gebiet verteilt sein.
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR | Geothermie Report
    Publication Date: 2021-02-04
    Description: Der vorliegende Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der in den Jahren 2000 und 2001 durchgeführten Arbeiten zur Aufwältigung, zum primären Test- und Messprogramm sowie zum Monitoring in der Geothermiebohrung Groß Schönebeck 3/90 zusammen. Mit Mitteln aus der Grundfinanzierung des GeoForschungsZentrums Potsdam wurde die Bohrung aufgewältigt und bis in eine Endteufe von 4294 m vertieft. Sie erschließt geothermisch interessante Horizonte des Norddeutschen Beckens in Tiefen zwischen ca. 3900 m und 4300 m bei einem Temperaturniveau von ca. 150°C. Dabei gewonnene Ergebnisse lassen sich auf ähnliche geologische Randbedingungen im Norddeutschen Becken übertragen. Dieses Sedimentbecken zieht sich von den Niederlanden über Norddeutschland bis nach Polen hin.
    Language: German , English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-24
    Description: A Databank was created using data from 25 local catalogues and 30 special studies of earthquakes in central, northern and northwestern Europe. Event types were discriminated, fake events and duplets eliminated, and different magnitudes and intensities converted to Mw. The conversions require the establishment of regression equations. The Catalogue contains tectonic events from the Databank within the area 44°N-72°N, 25°W-32°E and the time period 1300-1993 which have Mw magnitudes of 3.50 and larger. The area is covered by different polygons. Within each polygon only data from one or a small number of the local catalogues, supplemented by data from special studies, enter the Catalogue. If there are two or more such catalogues or studies providing a solution for an event, a priority algorithm selects one entry for the Catalogue. Then Mw is calculated from one of the magnitude types, or from macroseismic data, given by the selected entry according to another priority scheme. The origin time, location, Mw magnitude and reference are specified for each entry of the Catalogue. So is the epicentral intensity, I0, if provided by the original source. Following these criteria, a total of about 5,000 earthquakes constitute the Catalogue. Although originally derived for the purpose of seismic hazard calculation within GSHAP, the Catalogue provides a data base for many types of seismicity and seismic hazard studies.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: In this report we describe the new repeat station network, the measurements and some tests regarding the use of the variometer recordings for data processing, and we present the results of this latest German magnetic survey.
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-07-28
    Description: Recently released global gravity field models generated solely from CHAMP and GRACE satellite observations allow with an unprecedented accuracy and resolution the recovery of the mean sea surface topography from the difference between an altimetry-based mean sea surface height model and the gravity model's derived geoid. Here the CHAMP EIGEN-2 gravity field model, and the first GFZ GRACE gravity model, EIGEN-GRACE01S, are used. The mean sea surface height model has been compiled from four years'; worth of TOPEX altimeter data. To evaluate the accuracy and resolution limits of the CHAMP and GRACE geoids for the envisaged application, a low pass filter in the spatial domain with different cut-off wavelengths has been applied to the geoid and sea surface data before subtraction. The minimum wavelength, where noisy and erroneous features in the recovered sea surface topography are minimised, can be interpreted as an indicator for the best suited common spatial resolution. The EIGEN-2 model's geoid has been tested to have a resolution of 1800 km, which corresponds to a truncation degree of l = 22 in terms of spherical harmonics. Using the EIGEN-GRACE01S model, the resolution could be extended to 1000 km (l = 40). These boundaries can be attributed to the geoid's error, exceeding 2 cm in case of the CHAMP model, and in case of the GRACE model to spurious systematic signals increasing with increasing spherical harmonic degree. The calculated sea surface topography models have been used to derive absolute geostrophic sea surface velocities. An error propagation shows that the requirement of 1 cm/s for geoid induced velocity errors is fulfilled at the given resolutions for all latitudes excluding a narrow equatorial band. Maximum geostrophic velocities are derived in the 1000 km-resolution model for the Kuroshio region with 40 cm/s, and for the Gulf Stream east off Cape Hatteras with 25 cm/s.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: Polar motion data is available from the mid-19th century to the present. Based on time series with a variety of sampling intervals (monthly, 0.05-year, 5-day and daily), we have separated the low-frequency terms by low-pass filtering and the Chandler and annual terms by recursive band-pass filtering of the pole coordinates. Using a simple unweighted least-squares fit to the filtered low-frequency terms, the linear trends of the rotation pole were estimated. Assessing the estimates based on intercomparisons, the most reliable trend estimate was found. Using a Fast Fourier Transform, we have computed the prograde, retrograde and total amplitude spectra of the low-frequency part of polar motion in order to reveal the long-periodic signals. The characteristics and time evolution of the Chandler and annual wobbles are described by changes in their parameters (radii, directions and period lengths) over one century.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: This report describes the set-up, logistics and results of the CHICAGO (Chilean Coastal AeroGeophysical Observations) survey. It gives a short overview about the scientific intentions, detailed documentation of all technical aspects starting from the survey equipment via the aircraft installation to the GPS stations set-up and the experiences in flight. All processing results for the individual profiles are discussed in detail. Finally, the data is compared and combined with available recent marine gravity data and altimetry derived solutions.
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: The LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter S124b and its associated system environment were installed and tested in conjunction with a strap-down gravity meter system (SAGS) of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Munich on a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. This report describes the design and instrumentation of the aerogravimetry system, it documents the installation on the aircraft and it discusses some of the results of the test flights performed within AGFA (Airborne Gravity Flight Approach). Beyond the documentation of the system this report gives a short introduction to the basics of the instruments including a short theory of their operation and data processing. The intention is to give readers from disciplines other than aero-gravimetry and aero-altimetry a technical insight into how the system works and what it is capable of. This should help the reader to evaluate the systems usefulness in other geo-scientific projects. The experiences from the test flights are briefly summarized and an update of the current status and future plans for the individual instruments is given. The aerogravimetry system consists of two major instrument blocks: the gravimetry sensing system and the positioning system. The gravimetry sensors are the LaCoste & Romberg S124b and the SAGS-2.2 systems. The navigation block holds GPS receivers, an inertial navigation system and a laser altimeter. The aircraft used for the primary tests was a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. It offers superb conditions for scientific installations and is widely used in geophysical exploration all over the world. The test flights were flown from Oberpfaffenhofen airport. One profile covers the Bavarian Alps to map short wavelength, topography induced gravity disturbances, and another flight crosses the Rhine Graben to map long wavelength structures of the deeper crust. The software for data processing for navigation, gravimetry and geoid calculations is briefly summarized.
    Language: English
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: This study attemps to identify and quantify the parameters that control mass-transfer modes in brittle tectonically erosive and accretive forearc settings. Scaled analogue simulations, which are specifically designed for this task, are compared with the convergent Chilean Margin that demonstrates both of these mass-transfer modes. Analogue simulation of geodynamic processes requires granular materials (e. g. sand) that deforms similarly to typical crustal rocks. Accordingly, a parameter study is performed, which yields general insight in the basic mechanics of highly-idealised convergent sand wedges.
    Language: English
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