ALBERT

Description: LITHOS-CAPP is the German contribution to the international ScanArray experiment. ScanArray is an array of broadband seismometers with which we aim to study the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Scandinavian Mountains and the Baltic Shield. LITHOS-CAPP contributed 20 broadband recording stations from September 2014 to October 2016, 10 in Sweden and 10 in Finland, continuously recordings at 100 samples per second. The stations were deployed by the KIT Geophysical Institute and GFZ section 2.4 (seismology). They form part of the temporary network ScanArrayCore (FDSN network code 1G 2012-2017). This data publication contains the original log-files of the recorders.

Description: The dataset is composed of hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on May 10th, 2011, June 27th, 2011 and May 24th, 2012 consisting of 367 and 368 spectral bands, respective-ly, ranging from VIS to SWIR (400 - 2500 nm) wavelength regions. The hyperspectral image datasets were acquired in the framework EnMAP preparation project HyLand (Hyperspectral remote sens-ing for the assessment of crop and soil parameters in precision farming and yield estimation). With-in the project, innovative techniques were developed to derive crop and soil parameters from hy-perspectral remote sensing and terrestrial laser scanning, which served as input parameters for novel yield estimation models.

Description: Climatic change is of incredible importance in the polar regions as ice-sheets and glaciers respond strongly to change in average temperature. The analysis of seismic signals (icequakes) emitted by glaciers (i.e., cryo-seismology) is thus gaining importance as a tool for monitoring glacier activity. To understand the scaling relation between regional glacier-related seismicity and actual small-scale local glacier dynamics and to calibrate the identified classes of icequakes to locally observed waveforms, a temporary passive seismic monitoring experiment was conducted in the vicinity of the calving front of Kronebreen, one of the fastest tidewater glaciers on Svalbard (Fig. 1). By combining the local observations with recordings of the nearby GEOFON station GE.KBS, the local experiment provides an ideal link between local observations at the glacier to regional scale monitoring of NW Spitsbergen. During the 4-month operation period from May to September 2013, eight broadband seismometers and three 4-point short-period arrays were operating around the glacier front of Kronebreen.

Description: This data collection contains a multitemporal series of six airborne hyperspectral image mosaics ac-quired during the growing season of 2012 over the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The airborne hyperspectral data is complemented by accompanying in-situ data acquired parallel to the overflights. The dataset is composed of a) four airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on April 28th 2012, May 25th 2012, June 16th 2012 and September 8th 2012 with the AVIS-3 imaging spectrometer. The AVIS data consists of 197 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (477 - 1704 nm); b) two airborne hyperspectral image mosaics acquired during overflights on May 8th 2012 and August 12th 2012 with a HySpex imaging spectrometer. The HySpex data consists of 332 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (417 - 2496 nm); c) spatially comprehensive land use/land cover maps generated from in-situ observations for two time-windows during the growing season of 2012 (May and August); d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed (561 meas-urements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (522 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 557 soil moisture measurements incl. standard deviations iv) 539 phenological observations v) 499 measurements of canopy height incl. standard deviations and vi) 38 measurements of plant density. The dataset was collected in order to cover the seasonal dynamics in the development of agricultural crops in Southern Germany.

Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients representing an estimate of Earth's mean gravity field during the specified timespan derived from GRACE-FO mission measurements. These coefficients represent the full magnitude of land hydrology, ice, and solid Earth processes. Further, they represent atmospheric and oceanic processes not captured in the accompanying GAC product.

Description: For frequencies above 30 mHz the instrument intrinsic noise level of typical fluxgate magnetometers used at geomagnetic observatories usually masks ambient magnetic field variations on magnetically quiet days. Natural field variations referred to as pulsations (Pc-1, Pc-2, Pi-1) fall in this band. Usually their intensity is so small that they rarely surpass the instrumental noise of fluxgate magnetometers. INTERMAGNET has set a minimum quality standard for definitive 1 s data (Turbitt, 2014) which can actually hardly be met by fluxgate magnetometers in use by magnetic observatories. Brunke et al. (2017) propose a method to improve 1Hz observatory data by merging data from the proven and tested fluxgate magnetometers currently in use with induction coil magnetometers into a single data stream. This data publication includes the according MATLAB software package implementing the merging of both data sets. The content of the software package and the functionality of each module is described in the content.txt file that is also included in the zip folder. The resulting data are in line with the INTERMAGNET format for 1 s magnetic data, but surpasses the INTERMAGNET 1 s standard by far. The long term stability of the fluxgate data is not affected. The changes to the fluxgate data remain within the range of the instrument intrinsic noise. In addition to the Matlab software, we provide test datasets of one day length kindly provided by the magnetic observatories Niemegk, Conrad and Eskdalemuir.

Description: In May 2018 a volcano-seismic sequence accompanied the upward migration of a magmatic intrusion from Moho depth to the seafloor led to the drainage of the deep magmatic reservoir and to the birth of a submarine volcano offshore the island of Mayotte, Comoro Islands. This process of magma transport was accompanied by an intense seismic swarm and peculiar long-duration very long period signals. Between 1 January 2018 and 1 May 2019 we detected 407 sources of very long period signals and 6990 volcano-tectonic earthquakes. This report collects detection, location and source parameters catalogs for these two sets of earthquake sources. This data publication provides the catalogues of very long period (VLP) signals and volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes, as discussed in Cesca et al. (2019). Here, methods and data used to create the different catalogues are only briefly discussed; a more accurate description is given in Cesca et al. (2019), which furthermore discusses the different processes of dike migration, undersea eruption, deep reservoir drainage and overburden sagging which are responsible for the seismic activity.

Description: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for a quartz sand used in analogue experiments at the Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Academy of Science (IGCAS) (Kratinová et al., 2006; Zavada et al., 2009; Lehmann et al., 2017; Krýza et al., 2019). It is characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the tested material is ~0.75, dynamic friction coeffi-cients µD is ~0.60 and reactivation friction coefficients µR is ~0.64. Cohesions of the material range between 90 and 130 Pa. The material shows a minor rate-weakening of 〈1% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.

Description: QuantumFrontiers_HLSST_SLR_COMB2019s is a series of monthly gravity field models based on high-low satellite-to-satellite (HLSST) tracking and satellite laser ranging (SLR) data up to degree and order 60. The combination of HLSST and SLR data is done on the normal equation level using Variance Component Estimation. The series spans from 2003 to 2018 and thus covers the entire period between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On. It is therefore a prime candidate to bridge the data gap between these two satellite mission considering long-wavelength features on a global scale. The model has been developed with data contributions from the Astronomical Institute, University Bern (AIUB), the Institute of Geodesy, Theoretical Geodesy and Satellite Geodesy, Graz University of Technology, the Institute for Geodesy, Leibniz University Hannover and the European Space Agency. More details on the processing can be found in "Time-Variable Gravity Signal in Greenland Revealed by High-Low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking" (Weigelt et al, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50283) Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers – 390837967.

Description: GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on GFZ RL06 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2019) representing Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) variations provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over ocean areas. The OBP grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain seven different variables: 1) 'barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure 2) 'std_barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure uncertainties 3) 'resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure resobp 4) 'std_resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure uncertainties 5) 'leakage': apparent gravity-based bottom pressure due to continental leakage 6) 'model_ocean': background-model ocean circulation pressure 7) 'model_atmosphere': background-model atmospheric surface pressure These Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/OBP

Description: RHUM-RHUM is a seismic experiment to study the deep structure of the Reunion plume. La Reunion is one of the most promising locations for a deep whole-mantle plume. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X1 under CC-BY 4.0 license.

Description: We propose to investigate the structure and evolution of the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) with a high-density seismological array. The MPT, with its surface expression along the east-west trending Alai Valley, marks the northern boundary of the Pamir. The Alai Valley, separating the Pamir and the Tien Shan, constitutes the last vestige of a formerly continuous basin that linked the Tarim and the Tajik Basins. The MPT manifests itself as a place of high seismic activity with frequently occurred disastrous earthquakes. The array is about 50 km long, consisted of 90 three-component geophones (stations G?? and C??) and 10 Trillium-Compact seismometers (stations T??), and equipped with 100 CUBE dataloggers. We will construct a high-resolution receiver function profile to image the MPT and accurately locate the local earthquakes associated with the MPT. Funded by BMBF, within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7A and are embargoed until Jan 2024.

Description: The CNES/GRGS RL04 Earth gravity models are a set of gravity field solutions based on GRACE and SLR data, provided at different time samplings: (A) CNES/GRGS RL04 time series (A/1) A monthly GRACE+SLR time series of gravity field models (A/2) A 10-day GRACE+SLR time series of gravity field models (B) A mean gravity model EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD, computed from the monthly RL04 GRACE+SLR time series and from GOCE data. (A) CNES/GRGS RL04 time series DATA: The data from the Star Camera Assembly (SCA), Accelerometer (ACC), K-Band Ranging (KBR) and GPS receiver are used. The KBR data is processed in the form of the relative velocity between the spacecrafts: K-Band Range-Rate (KBRR). In addition to the data from GRACE, the data from 5 SLR satellites are also used (Lageos, Lageos-2, Starlette, Stella and Ajisai), in order to provide an accurate and consistent description of the very low degrees of the gravity field (mainly degrees 1 and 2). The version of the GRACE data used for RL04 is L1B-v2 for the ACC and GPS data, L1B-v3 for the SCA and KBR data. INVERSION METHOD: By contrast with the GRACE solutions in spherical harmonics provided by other groups, the CNES/GRGS solutions are not obtained by a simple Cholesky inversion. The normal matrices are first diagonalized, ordered by decreasing order of the Eigen values and only the best defined sets of linear combinations of the spherical harmonics are solved. More details can be found here: https://grace.obs-mip.fr/variable-models-grace-lageos/grace-solutions-release-04/rl04-products-description/ (B) EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD mean model EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is a mean model of Earth's gravity field spherical harmonics coefficients, based on the RL04 version of the CNES/GRGS time series of monthly gravity field determinations from GRACE & SLR data. EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is complete to degree and order 300. Between degrees 1 and 90, it contains time-variable gravity (TVG) coefficients ; above degree 90, it is a static field. EIGEN-GRGS.RL04.MEAN-FIELD is based on GOCE-DIR5 for the part between degree 91 and 300. The TVG coefficients between degrees 1 and 90 are obtained from a regression on the GRGS-RL04-v1 monthly time series of solutions (2002/09 – 2016/06). For degrees 1 and 2 this TVG part is temporally extended to 1993/01-2019/02 through the use of a GRGS SLR-only solution based on the data of 5 SLR satellites (Lageos, Lageos-2, Starlette, Stella, Ajisai). Outside of the measurements period (1993/01-2019/02 for degrees 1 and 2, 2002/09-2016/06 for degrees 3 to 90), the gravity field is extrapolated in the following way: - for degrees 1 and 2, before 1993/01 : average slope based on historical SLR data, mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals based on their average value between 1993 and 2019 - for degrees 1 and 2, after 2019/02 : average slope & mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals (based on their average value between 1993 and 2019) - for degrees 3 to 90, before 2002/09 : zero-slope extrapolation, mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals based on their average value between 2002 and 2016 - for degrees 3 to 90, after 2016/06 : average slope & mean annual and semi-annual periodic signals (based on their average value between 1993 and 2019) More details can be found here: https://grace.obs-mip.fr/variable-models-grace-lageos/mean-fields/release-04/

Description: WebDC3 is a web interface working on top of SeisComP3 standard seismological services (http://geofon.gfz-potsdam.de/software/webdc3/). It is AJAX-based and allows users to conveniently discover seismic stations and explore events in seismic catalogues, build and submit requests for data and metadata and finally download the results in different formats. Requests can be built using either absolute time windows or by station-event combinations suitable for different data processing pipelines. Furthermore, data requests and downloading of their results can be made in separated steps, allowing for larger requests and better supporting users with low bandwidth or unstable connections. WebDC3 functions in the style of a previous webdc service implemented at GFZ. The new web interface runs as a Python web application using the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI). It has been adopted by a number of seismic agencies.

Description: The software package “ClassifyStorms” version 1.0.1 performs a classification of geomagnetic storms according to their interplanetary driving mechanisms based exclusively on magnetometer measurements from ground. In this version two such driver classes are considered for storms dating back to 1930. Class 0 contains storms driven by Corotating or Stream Interaction Regions (C/SIRs) and class 1 contains storms driven by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs). The properties and geomagnetic responses of these two solar wind structures are reviewed, e.g., by Kilpua et al. (2017, http://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0411-3). The classification task is executed by a supervised binary logistic regression model in the framework of python's scikit-learn library. The model is validated mathematically and physically by checking the driver occurrence statistics in dependence on the solar cycle phase and storm intensity. A detailed description of the classification model is given in Pick et al. (2019) to which this software is supplementary material. Under “Files” you can download ClassifyStorms-V1.0.1.zip, which contains the jupyter notebook “ClassifyStorms.ipynb” (https://jupyter.org/) and the python modules “Imports.py”, “Modules.py” and “Plots.py”. Check for an up-to-date release of the software on GitLab via https://gitext.gfz-potsdam.de/pick/public/ClassifyStorms (under Project, Releases). The “Readme.md” file provides all information needed to run or modify “ClassifyStorms” from the GitLab source. The software depends on the input data set “Input.nc”, an xarray Dataset (http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable) saved in NetCDF format (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf), which you can also download under “Files”. It contains 1. the HMC index: a three-hour running mean with weights [0.25,0.5,0.25] of the original Hourly Magnetospheric Currents index (HMC index, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.3.2018.006). 2. the geomagnetic observatory data: vector geomagnetic disturbances from 34 mid-latitude observatories during 1900-2015 in the Cartesian Centered Dipole coordinate system. The original observatory data was downloaded from the WDC for Geomagnetism, Edinburgh (http://www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk/) and processed as described in section 2.1 of Pick et al. (2019). 3. the “reference” geomagnetic storms: universal time hours of 868 geomagnetic storm peaks together with their interplanetary drivers (class labels 0 or 1, see above) as described in section 2.2 of Pick et al., 2019. These events are taken from published lists (Jian et al., 2006a, 2006b, 2011; Shen et al., 2017; Turner et al., 2009), which are gathered in the separate ASCII file “ReferenceEvents.txt” (under “Files”) for a quick overview. 4. additional quantities for plotting: time series of Kp (since 1932) and Dst (since 1957) geomagnetic indices from the WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/Sec3.html) as well as the yearly mean total sunspot number from WDC-SILSO, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels (http://sidc.be/silso/datafiles). The output of ClassifyStorms is "StormsClassified.csv" (under “Files”). This table lists the Date (Year-Month-Day) and Time (Hour:Minutes:Seconds) of 7546 classified geomagnetic storms together with the predicted interplanetary driver class label (0 or 1) and the corresponding probability (between 0 and 1). Version history: 20 Sep 2019: Version 1.0.1: Correction of plotting mistake in Figure m / Figure S4 (see gitlab repository for details)

Description: Surrogate playground is an automated machine learning approach written for rapidly screening a large number of different models to serve as surrogates for a slow running simulator. This code was written for a reactive transport application where a fluid flow model (hydrodynamics) is coupled to a geochemistry simulator (reactions in time and space) to simulate scenarios such as underground storage of CO2 or hydrogen storage for excess energy from wind farms. The challenge for such applications is that the geochemistry simulator is typically slow compared to fluid dynamics and constitutes the main bottleneck for producing highly detailed simulations of such application scenarios. This approach attempts to find machine learning models that can replace the slow running simulator when trained on input-output data from the geochemistry simulator. The code may be of more general interest as this prototype can be used to screen many different machine learning models for any regression problem in general. To illustrate this it also includes a demonstration example using the Boston housing standard data-set.

Description: We present a modular open-source software framework - kite (http://pyrocko.org), written in Python and C. The software enables rapid post-processing of space-born InSAR-derived surface displacement maps, swift parametrization and sub-sampling of the displacement measurements. With our package we aim to ease and streamline the optimization of earthquake source parameters from InSAR and GPS data and facilitate their joint optimization with seismological waveforms in combination with the pyrocko toolbox. Through such joint data optimizations from near- and far-field observations the determination of rupture parameters and processes will become more accurate and robust. Moreover, we present an intuitive kinematic deformation modelling sandbox for handling and manipulating various kinds of tectonic and volcanic deformation sources, interacting in elastic homogeneous or layered, full- or half-spaces.

Description: This dataset is supplementary material to the article of Ritter et al. (2017). In this article, the similarity of fault propagation work in analogue sandbox experiments to natural fault networks is investigated through measurements in a strike-slip sandbox and in a ring-shear-tester. The transient shear strength of the samples is measured for different fault lengths and from this the work is determined. For a detailed description of the procedure and the set-up please see Ritter et al. (2017). The data available in this supplementary publication are: • For the strike-slip experiments three video sequences of the deformation together with the evolution of boundary force for fault lengths of 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm. The videos show the curl of the deformation field, determined by Digital Image Correlation of top-view video images. These files are in AVI-format and included in the zip folder 2017-005-Ritter-movies.zip. • A folder containing force vs. displacement measurements for each experiment (2017-005-Ritter-forces.zip). These are 25 ASCII-files that contain two columns of numerical data: the first column is the displacement in meter; the second column is the corresponding force in newton. The files are named according to the following pattern: 〈fault length in meter〉_〈experiment number〉.asc • A Matlab script to load the force files and calculate the work. This file is called “plotwork.m” and calls the Matlab function “work.m”, which does the actual calculations. These files have been tested in Matlab version 2012b. The surface deformation data are available upon request.

Description: Global spherical harmonic paleomagnetic field model LSMOD.2 describes the magnetic field evolution from 50 to 30 ka BP based on published paleomagnetic sediment records and volcanic data. It is an update of LSMOD.1, with the only difference being a correction to the geographic locations of one of the underlying datasets. The time interval includes the Laschamp (~41 ka BP) and Mono Lake (~34 ka BP) excursions. The model is given with Fortran source code to obtain spherical harmonic magnetic field coefficients for individual epochs and to obtain time series of magnetic declination, inclination and field intensity from 49.95 to 30 ka BP for any location on Earth. For details see M. Korte, M. Brown, S. Panovska and I. Wardinski (2019): Robust characteristics of the Laschamp and Mono lake geomagnetic excursions: results from global field models.

Description: This is a Level 3 data daily file product from various scientific and utility sensors on board of the `LEO' satellite 'CHAMP' with magnetic field data given by a time resolution of 1 Hz. Thise Level 3 data type is build to hold and merge finally corrected data, focusing on mature data calibration and corrections -- as well as internal consistency. This Level 3 data product is intended to supersede the various Level 2 versions with calibrated magnetic field readings from the CHAMP mission distributed hitherto and should be fitted for scientific use, assembling time series of scalar magnetic field values (but not directly readings from the scalar Overhauser sensor), vector magnetic field data from the boom-mounted Fluxgate 'FGM' sensors and attitude data from the ('ASC') boom-mounted Star Cameras. The vector data are given both in the satellite-bound sensor ('FGM') system and the Earth Centered Earth Fixed local 'NEC' (North-East-Center) system. The attitude time series, processed and cleaned, are represented by quaternions describing the satellite attitude related to the celestial system. The readings of the scalar OVM (Overhauser) absolute magnetometer at the top of the boom are not supplied directly, but were used during calibration of the vector magnetometer readings. The files with daily time coverage are in the (binary and self-describing) 'CDF' file format and accompanied, beside the generic 'CDF'-format timestamp, by the satellite's geocentric positions and utility information like quality flags.

Description: Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO spherical harmonic coefficients of GFZ RL06 Level-2 GSM products representing an estimate of Earth's gravity field variations during the specified timespan. Post-processing steps comprise: (1) subtraction of a long-term mean field; (2) optionally, decorrelation and smoothing with VDK filter (anisotropic filter taking the actual error covariance information of the underlying GSM coefficients into account, see Horvath et al. (2018)); (3) replacement of coefficient C20 and its uncertainty by values estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR); (4) subtraction of linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) as provided by a numerical model; (5) insertion of coefficients of degree 1; and (6) removal of estimated signal with 161 days period. These coefficients represent signals caused by water mass redistribution over the continents and in the oceans. These post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO GSM products are denoted as Level-2B products.

Description: These data are supplementary material to "3D Modelling of Vertical Gravity Gradients and the delimitation of tectonic boundaries: The Caribbean oceanic domain as a case study" (Gómez-García et al., 2019). This dataset contains information about the structure of the Caribbean oceanic crust, based on the modelling of the Vertical Gravity Gradients, which are gravity derivatives especially sensitive to density contrasts in the upper layers of the Earth.

Description: The distribution of data records for the maximum horizontal stress orientation S_Hmax in the Earth’s crust is sparse and very unequally. To analyse the stress pattern and its wavelength and to predict the mean S_Hmax orientation on regular grids, statistical interpolation as conducted e.g. by Coblentz and Richardson (1995), Müller et al. (2003), Heidbach and Höhne (2008), Heidbach et al. (2010) or Reiter et al. (2014) is necessary. Based on their work we wrote the Matlab® script Stress2Grid that provides several features to analyse the mean S_Hmax pattern. The script facilitates and speeds up this analysis and extends the functionality compared to the publications mentioned before. This script is the update of Stress2Grid v1.0 (Ziegler and Heidbach, 2017). It provides two different concepts to calculate the mean S_Hmax orientation on regular grids. The first is using a fixed search radius around the grid points and computes the mean S_Hmax orientation if sufficient data records are within the search radius. The larger the search radius the larger is the filtered wavelength of the stress pattern. The second approach is using variable search radii and determines the search radius for which the standard deviation of the mean S_Hmax orientation is below a given threshold. This approach delivers mean S_Hmax orientations with a user-defined degree of reliability. It resolves local stress perturbations and is not available in areas with conflicting information that result in a large standard deviation. Furthermore, the script can also estimate the deviation between plate motion direction and the mean S_Hmax orientation. The script is fully documented by the accompanying WSM Technical Report 19/02 (Ziegler and Heidbach, 2019) which includes a changelog in the beginning.

Description: The database presented here contains radiogenic neodymium and strontium isotope ratios measured on both terrestrial and marine sediments. It was compiled to help assessing sediment provenance and transport processes for various time intervals. This can be achieved by either mapping sediment isotopic signature and/or fingerprinting source areas using statistical tools (e.g. Blanchet, 2018b, 2018a). The database has been built by incorporating data from the literature and the SedDB database and harmonizing the metadata, especially units and geographical coordinates. The original data were processed in three steps. Firstly, a specific attention has been devoted to provide geographical coordinates to each sample in order to be able to map the data. When available, the original geographical coordinates from the reference (generally DMS coordinates, with different precision standard) were transferred into the decimal degrees system. When coordinates were not provided, an approximate location was derived from available information in the original publication. Secondly, all samples were assigned a set of standardized criteria that help splitting the dataset in specific categories. We defined categories associated with the sample location ("Region", "Sub-region", "Location", which relate to location at continental to city/river scale) or with the sample types (terrestrial samples – “aerosols”, “soil sediments”, “river sediments”, “rocks” - or marine samples –“marine sediment” or “trap sample”). Thirdly, samples were discriminated according to their deposition age, which allowed to compute average values for specific time intervals (see attached table "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores_V2.txt"). A first version of the database was published in September 2018 and presented data for the African sector. A second version was published in April 2019, in which the dataset has been extended to reach a global extent. The dataset will be further updated bi-annually to increase the geographical resolution and/or add other type of samples. This dataset consists of two tab separated tables: "Dataset_Nd_Sr_isotopes_V2.txt" and "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores_V2.txt". "Dataset_Nd_Sr_isotopes_V2.txt" contains the assembled dataset of marine and terrestrial Nd and/or Sr concentration and isotopes, together with sorting criteria and geographical locations. "Age_determination_Sediment_Cores_V2.txt" contains all background information concerning the determination of the isotopic signature of specific time intervals (depth interval, number of samples, mean and standard deviation). Column headers are explained in respective metadata comma-separated files. A full reference list is provided in the file “References_Database_Nd_Sr_isotopes_V2.rtf”. Finally, R code for mapping the data and running statistical analyses is also available for this dataset (Blanchet, 2018b, 2018a).

Description: This data publication is a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated for the Merapi summit by combining terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) photogrammetry data acquired in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The structures of the data are further analysed in Darmawan et al. 2017 (http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.006). The published datasets consist of combined point clouds with ~65 million data points and a DEM with a resampled resolution of 0.5 m. The DEM data covers the complexity of the Merapi summit with area of 2 km2. The coordinate of the datasets is projected to global coordinates (WGS 1984 UTM Zone 49 South). TLS is a topography mapping technique which exploits the travel time of a laser beam to measure the range between the ground-based scanning instrument and the earth’s surface. TLS provides high accuracy, precision, and resolution for topography mapping, however, it requires different scan position to obtain accurate topography model in a complex topography. The TLS dataset was acquired by using a long-range RIEGL VZ-6000 instrument with a Pulse Repetition Rate (PRR) of 30 kHz. The Merapi data includes an observation range of 0.129 – 4393.75 m, a theta range (vertical) of 73 – 120° with a sampling angle of 0.041°, a phi range (horizontal) of 33° - 233° with a sampling angle of 0.05°, and 12 reflectors for each scan. The used TLS dataset was achieved by combining two scan positions, both realized in September 2014. In order to reduce still eminent shadowing, we conducted additionally a UAV photogrammetry survey. The UAV data allows to fill data gaps and generate a complete 3D point cloud. The UAV photogrammetry was conducted by using DJI Phantom 2 quadcopter drone in October 2015. The drone carried GoPro HERO 3+ camera and a H3-3D gimbal to reduce image shaking. We obtained over 300 images which cover the summit area of Merapi. By applying the Structure from Motion algorithm, we are able to generate a 3D point cloud model of Merapi summit. Further details on this procedure are provided in Darmawan et al. (2017). Structure from Motion is a technique to generate a 3D model based on 2D overlapped images. The algorithm detects and matches the same ground features of 2D images, reconstructs a 3D scene, and calculates a depth map for each camera frame. The algorithm used is implemented in Agisoft Photoscan Professional software. After importing the images in Agisoft, we used the ‘align image’ function with high accuracy setting to generate 3D sparse point cloud and ‘build dense cloud’ function with high quality to generate 3D dense point cloud. The 3D point clouds of TLS and UAV photogrammetry were then georeferenced to our georeferenced 3D point cloud which acquired in 2012. The RMS of TLS and UAV photogrammetry during georeferenced is 0.60 and 0.44 m, respectively, as described in Further details on this procedure are provided in Darmawan et al. (2017). After georeferencing, both 3D point clouds were merged and interpolated to a raster format in the ArcMap software.

Description: The Alpine Fault, New Zealand, is a major plate-bounding fault that accommodates 65–75% of the total relative motion between the Australian and Pacific plates. Here we present data on the hydrothermal frictional properties of Alpine Fault rocks that surround the principal slip zones (PSZ) of the Alpine Fault and those comprising the PSZ itself. The samples were retrieved from relatively shallow depths during phase 1 of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1) at Gaunt Creek. Simulated fault gouges were sheared at temperatures of 25, 150, 300, 450, and 600°C in order to determine the friction coefficient as well as the velocity dependence of friction. Friction remains more or less constant with changes in temperature, but a transition from velocity-strengthening behavior to velocity-weakening behavior occurs at a temperature of T = 150°C. The transition depends on the absolute value of sliding velocity as well as temperature, with the velocity-weakening region restricted to higher velocity for higher temperatures.Friction was substantially lower for low-velocity shearing (V〈0.3 μm/s) at 600°C, but no transition to normal stress independence was observed. In the framework of rate-and-state friction, earthquake nucleation is most likely at an intermediate temperature of T = 300°C. The velocity-strengthening nature of the Alpine Fault rocks at higher temperatures may pose a barrier for rupture propagation to deeper levels, limiting the possible depth extent of large earthquakes. Our results highlight the importance of strain rate in controlling frictional behavior under conditions spanning the classical brittle-plastic transition for quartzofeldspathic compositions. The data is provided in a .zip folder with 33 subfolders for 33 samples. Detailed information about the files in these subdfolders as well as sensors used, conversions and data specifications is given in the explanatory file Niemeijer-2017-DFDP-explanation-of-folder-structure-and-file-list.pdf.

Description: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on August 7th, 2008 and August 20th, 2009 consisting of 126 and 125 spectral bands, respectively, ranging from VIS to SWIR (456 - 2490 nm and 453 - 2480 nm) wavelength regions; b) spectral reference measurements acquired with an portable ASD field spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) in the same phenological periods of July/August/September 2008/09 c) plant species assemblages on 81 moist and 72 dry habitats consisting of the fractional cover of all vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The overall goal of the study was to map plant species shift along environmental gradients relating spectral information to the floristic composition. Reference plots of 1 or 2 m² size were thereby located in typical plant communities as well as in transition zones affected by species shift due to management measures such as grazing or shrub removal. In addition 17 field plots were analyzed with regard to soil horizon parameter (e.g. pH, grain size, carbonate content) in the year 2011. Soil types are further available on 51 auger probes.

Description: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on August 7th, 2008 and August 20th, 2009 consisting of 126 and 125 spectral bands, respectively, ranging from VIS to SWIR (456 - 2490 nm and 453 - 2480 nm) wavelength regions; b) spectral reference meas-urements acquired with an portable ASD field spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) in the same phenological periods of July/August/September 2008/09; c) plant species as-semblages on 81 moist and 72 dry habitats consisting of the fractional cover of all vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The overall goal of the study was to map plant species shift along environmen-tal gradients relating spectral information to the floristic composition. Reference plots of 1 or 2 m² size were thereby located in typical plant communities as well as in transition zones affected by species shift due to management measures such as grazing or shrub removal. In addition 17 field plots were analyzed with regard to soil horizon parameter (e.g. pH, grain size, carbonate content) in the year 2011. Soil types are further available on 51 core samples.

Description: Earth's magnetic field vector time series from `LEO' satellite 'CHAMP' for the 'CHAMP' mission period in high, unaveraged 50 Hz time resolution, using measurements from the FGM vector magnetometers and `ASC' Star Sensors on the mid-boom optical bench. The vector data are corrected and calibrated (by using the Overhauser scalar magnetometer as reference). The magnetic field vector data are given both in the satellite-bound sensor (`FGM') system and in the Earth Centered Earth Fixed local `NEC' (North-East-Center) system. For the latter the attitude time series (`ASC'), processed and cleaned, represented by quaternions describing the satellite attitude related to the celestial system, were used for the transformation. The files with daily time coverage are in the (binary and self-describing) `CDF' file format and accompanied, beside the `CDF'-format generic timestamp, by the satellite's geocentric positions and utility information like quality flags.

Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients that are zero over the continents, and provide the anomalous simulated ocean bottom pressure that includes non-tidal air and water contributions elsewhere during the specified timespan. These coefficients differ from GLO (or GAC) coefficients over the ocean domain by disregarding upper air density anomalies. The anomalous signals are relative to the mean field from 2003-2014.

Description: BayHunter is an open source Python tool to perform an McMC transdimensional Bayesian inversion of receiver functions and/ or surface wave dispersion. It is inverting for the velocity-depth structure, the number of layers and noise parameters (noise correlation and amplitude). The forward modeling codes are provided within the package, but are easily replaceable with own codes. It is also possible to add (completely different) data sets. The BayWatch module can be used to live-stream the inversion while it is running: this makes it easy to see how each chain is exploring the parameter space, how the data fits and models change and in which direction the inversion progresses.

Description: The dataset is composed of a) hyperspectral imagery acquired with AISA Eagle and Hawk imaging spectrometer data in the range 400 to 2500 nm on April 2 and August 9, 2011, with a ground sampling distance of 4 m in 12 and 15 flight lines, respectively; b) airborne LiDAR data acquired in single-pulse mode in August 2011 concurrent with hyperspectral data acquisition with an avarage point density of 0.7 hits per meter squared; c) spectral reference measurements acquired with a portable ASD field spectroradiometer around the days of image acquisitions d) fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock were visually estimated for 60 (April) and 53 (August) transects of 20-m length. The overall goal of the study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral and LiDAR data for assessing sediment connectivity at the hillslope to subcatchment scale. For that the fractional cover of green vegetation, dry vegetation, bare soil and rock was derived by applying a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis approach to the hyperspectral image data. The LiDAR point clouds were pre-processed to generate a digital elevation map as well as a vegetation height map, both with 4-m spatial resolution.

Description: The dataset contains the results of airborne gravimetry realized by the GEOHALO flight mission over Italy in 2012. The intention was to show whether and how an efficient airborne gravity field determination is feasible in wide areas when using a fast jet aircraft like HALO at higher altitudes. Here, unlike in airborne gravimetry for exploration purposes, the aim is not primarily to reach the highest spatial resolution by flying as low and slowly as possible. A challenge for HALO would be to map areas (e.g., Antarctica) where only insufficient or no terrestrial gravity data are available to achieve a resolution which is better than that of satellite-only gravity field models. This is beneficial for the generation of global gravity field models which require a uniform, high spatial resolution for the gravity data over the entire Earth. The raw gravimetry recordings were recorded by the GFZ air-marine gravimeter Chekan-AM. Kinematic vertical accelerations were calculated from Doppler observations which were derived by GNSS carrier phase measurements (1 Hz). To remove the high-frequency noise, a low-pass filter with a cut-off wavelength of 200 s (corresponding to a half-wavelength resolution of approximately 12 km) was applied to both the Chekan-AM measurements and GNSS kinematic accelerations. To investigate how future airborne gravity campaigns using jet aircraft could be optimized, a dedicated flight track was repeated two times which shows that the equipment worked well also at higher altitude and speed. For the accuracy analysis 17 crossover points could be used. This analysis yielded a RMS of the gravity differences of 1.4 mGal which, according to the law of error propagation, implies an accuracy of a single measurement to be 1 mGal. The dataset is provided in as ASCII text (Lu-et-al_2017-001_Tracks_GEOHALO.txt) and is described in the README. For a detailed description of the set-up and analysis of the data, please see Biao et al. (2017, http://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014425).

Description: In Bindi et al. (2019) a harmonized local magnitude scale across Europe has been derived using data disseminated by network operators through the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA). This data set contains regionalized non-parametric attenuation tables, attenuation corrections to the parametric model and station corrections for both non-parametric and parametric models for more than 2000 stations in Europe. Regionalization has been performed considering six different regions covering Europe and the polygons defining them are also provided. Data are subject to updates that can be triggered by the availability of new and substantial input data (reviewed earthquake catalogues and/or new waveforms). Each update will be released with a new version of the data. The data are provided in ASCII format (.csv).

Description: The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project focuses on mountain building processes in a major mid-Paleozoic orogen in western Scandinavia and its comparison with modern analogues. The transport and emplacement of subduction-related highgrade continent-ocean transition (COT) complexes onto the Baltoscandian platform and their influence on the underlying allochthons and basement will be studied in a section provided by two fully cored 2.5 km deep drill holes. This operational report concerns the first drill hole, COSC-1 (ICDP 5054-1-A), drilled from early May to late August 2014. COSC-1 is located in the vicinity of the abandoned Fröå mine, close to the town of Åre in Jämtland, Sweden and was planned to sample a thick section of the Seve Nappe and to penetrate its basal thrust zone into the underlying lower grade metamorphosed allochthon. Despite substantial technical problems, the drill hole reached 2495.8 m driller's depth and nearly 100 % core recovery was achieved. Surprising was the homogeneity of the Seve Nappe rocks, the unexpected thickness of its basal thrust zone (〉 500 m) and that the drill hole, therefore, did not penetrate the bottom of the thrust zone. However, lower grade metasedimentary rocks were encountered in the lowermost part of the drill hole together with tens of metres thick mylonites that are, unexpectedly, rich in large garnets. The drill core was documented on-site and XRF scanned off site. During various stages of the drilling, the borehole was documented by comprehensive downhole logging. This operational report provides an overview over the COSC-1 operations from drilling preparations to the sampling party and describes the available datasets and sample material.

Description: Extensive passive seismic monitoring was carried out between September 2017 and September 2018 over the Los Humeros geothermal field in Mexico. This experiment, in addition to several geophysical, geological, and geochemical surveys was conducted in the framework of the European H2020 and Mexican CONACyT-SENER project GEMex for a better understanding of the structures and behavior of the local geothermal system currently under exploitation, and for investigating future development areas. 25 broadband stations (22 Trillium C-120s and 3 Trillium C-20 PH) recording at 200 Hz, and 20 short period stations (Mark L-4C-3D) recording at 100 Hz comprised the network which is sub-divided into two sub-networks. An inner and denser (~1.6-2 km inter-station distance) pseudo-rhomboidal array (27 stations) was laid out to cover the producing zone and retrieve local seismicity mainly associated to injection and production operations, and to comply with beamforming of ambient noise and time reverse imaging techniques. An outer and sparser (~5 km minimum spacing) array was placed at around 30 km radius surrounding the inner network, and was mainly dedicated to larger scale imaging techniques, such as seismic ambient noise tomography, and regional earthquakes tomography. The GEMex project is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No 727550 and the Mexican Energy Sustainability Fund CONACYT-SENER, project 2015-04-68074. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6G, and are embargoed until January 2023.

Description: We present SCOTER, an open-source Python programming package that is designed to relocate multiple seismic events by using direct P- and S-wave station correction terms. The package implements static and shrinking-box source-specific station terms techniques extended to regional and teleseimic distances and adopted for probabilistic, non-linear, global-search location for large-scale multiple-event location. This program provides robust relocation results for seismic event sequences over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales by applying empirical corrections for the biasing effects of 3-D velocity structure. Written in the Python programming language, SCOTER is run as a stand-alone command-line tool (requiring no knowledge of Python) and also provides a set of sub-commands to develop required input files (e.g. phase files, travel-time grid files, configuration) and export relocation results (such as hypocenter parameters, travel-time residuals) in different formats -- routine but non-trivial tasks that can consume much user time. This package can be used for relocating data sets in local, regional, and teleseimic scales.

Description: IGGT_R1 is a static gravity field model based on the second invariant of the GOCE gravitational gradient tensor, up to degree and order 240. Based on tensor theory, three invariants of the gravitational gradient tensor (IGGT) are independent of the gradiometer reference frame (GRF). Compared to traditional methods for calculation of gravity field models based on GOCE data, which are affected by errors in the attitude indicator, using IGGT and least squares method avoids the problem of inaccurate rotation matrices. IGGT_R1 is the first experiment to use this method to build a real gravity field model by using GOCE gravitational gradients. This new model has been developed by Wuhan University (WHU), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Technical University of Berlin (TUB), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) and Zhengzhou Information Engineering University (IEU). More details about the gravity field model IGGT_R1 is given in our paper “The gravity field model IGGT_R1 based on the second invariant of the GOCE gravitational gradient tensor” (Lu et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1089-8). This work is supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (No. 201506270158), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41104014, 41131067, 41374023, 41474019 and 41504013) and the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry Education, Wuhan University (No. 16-02-07).

Description: Time series of processed, cleaned attitude readings in quaternion format of the two boom-mounted 'ASC' star sensors of the 'LEO' satellite 'CHAMP', describing the satellite system attitude in respect to the celestial background. The nominal time resolution of the time series in the 'ASCII'-file listing is 1 Hz.

Description: A severe flash flood event hit the town of Braunsbach (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) on the evening of May 29, 2016, heavily damaging and destroying several dozens of buildings. It was only one of several disastrous events in Central Europe caused by the low-pressure system “Elvira”. The DFG Research Training Group “Natural hazards and risks in a changing world” (NatRiskChange, GRK 2043/1) at the University of Potsdam investigated the Braunsbach flash flood. In this context damage data for 94 affected buildings, describing building characteristics, the degree of impact and the caused damage, were collected ten days after the flood event and provide the basis for damage assessment studies (Agarwal et al., 2017; Laudan et al., 2017, Vogel et al., 2017). The multi-polygon maps provide flood loss in EUR for residential land use areas according to the ATKIS (Authoritative Topographic Cartographic Information System) codes residential areas (2111) and areas of mixed use (2113), (BKG GEODATENZENTRUM: ATKIS-Basis-DLM, 2005). Loss values are calculated using the FloodLossEstimationMOdel for the residential sector (FLEMOps+r) developed by Elmer et al. (2010) in combination with exposure data based on total replacement costs for residential buildings (Kleist et al., 2006). Asset values with a spatial resolution corresponding to the underlying inundation depth maps of the stochastic event set (100x100 m) have been derived by applying a binary disaggregation method and using the digital basic landscape model ATKIS as ancillary information (Wünsch et al. 2009). The flood event sets are derived for the historical period (1970-1990) and two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) for the near future (2020-2049) and far future (2070-2099) for four CORDEX models. These flood event sets are created within continuous long-term simulations of a coupled model chain including the IMAGE stochastic multi-variable, multi-site weather generator, the eco-hydrological model SWIM and 1D river network coupled with 2D hydro-numeric hinterland inundation model, see Schröter et al. (2017) for further details The data have been produced within the OASIS+ demonstrator project 'Future Danube Multi Hazard and Risk Model' funded by Climate-KIC in the period from January 2016 to December 2017. Key features: • Flood loss maps for residential areas in the German part of the Danube catchment from stochastic flood event sets for current and future climate. • High spatial resolution for ATKIS residential land use areas intersected with 100x100 m inundation depth maps. • Flood loss scenarios for historical period (1970-1990) and two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) for the near future (2020-2049) and far future (2070-2099) from four CORDEX models Key usage: • Large-scale flood risk assessment • Future flood risk assessment • Flood risk management with long-term perspective A full description of the data provenance and specification is given in the README_Schroeter-et-al-2017-004.txt file available in the data download section at this DOI Landing Page.

Description: The dataset consists of hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 5th May 2014 that contain 242 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (423 - 2438 nm) wavelength regions. It covers an area of about 116 km² which is dominated by spruce and beech forests. The flight campaign was part of several campaigns aiming at the creation of a multitemporal hyperspectral data set of the newly founded National Park Hunsrück-Hochwald in Rhineland Palatinate, Germany.

Description: Electron density and electron temperature time series from 'LEO' satellite 'CHAMP' for the CHAMP mission period at satellite position in low time resolution of 15 second and given in daily files. This are processed readings from the Planar Langmuir probe, which, in normal flight mode, was exposed in flight direction at the front of the `CHAMP' satellite body. The files are formatted as simple 'ASCII'-listings with white-space delimited columns.

Description: IfE_GOCE05s is a GOCE-only global gravity field model, which was developed at the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany. The observations with a time span from 1 November 2009 to 20 October 2013 are used for the model recovery. The GOCE precise kinematic orbit with 1-s sampling rate is processed for the gravity field up to degree/order 150, while the three main diagonal gravity gradients are down-sampled to 2 s and used to recover the model up to degree/order 250. With two additional Kaula’s regularizations, the combined model “IfE_GOCE05s” is derived, with a maximum degree of 250. To develop IfE_GOCE05s, the following GOCE data (01.11.2009 - 20.10.2013) was used: * Orbits: SST_PKI_2, SST_IAQ_2; * Gradients: EGG_GGT_2, EGG_IAQ_2. None any priori gravity field information was used. Processing procedures: Gravity from orbits (SST): * Acceleration approach was applied to the kinematic orbit data; * PKI data was at 1 s sampling rate; * Model was derived up to d/o (degree/order) 150; * VCM (Variance-Covariance Matrix) was derived arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals. Gravity from gradients (SGG): * Gradients Vxx, Vyy and Vzz in the GRF (Gradiometer Reference Frame) were used; * Gradients were down-sampled to 2 s; * Model was derived up to d/o 250; * VCM was estimated arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals. Regularization: * A strong Kaula-regularization was applied to constrain the (near-)zonal coefficients that are degraded by the polar gap problem; * A slight Kaula-regularization was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the coefficients between d/o 201 and 250; * The regularization parameters were empirically determined. Combined solution: * The normal equations for SST and SGG were summed wih proper weighting factors; * Weighting factors for SST and SGG were determined from variance component estimation; * A direct inversion was applied on the final normal equation.

Description: These data are supplementary material to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand” (Toy et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2017.1375533). The data tables SF3 and SF4 are provided as well as Excel as well as CSV and PDF versions (in the zip folder). The table numbers below are referring to Toy et al. (2017): Toy_SF1.pdf (Data Description): Supplementary Data to “Bedrock Geology of DFDP-2B, Central Alpine Fault, New Zealand”, including supplementary methods, Information on reference frames and corrections, and protocols for thin section preparation and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Toy_SF2: Table S1. Time vs. depth during drilling, with lag dip corrections Toy_SF3: Table S2. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data acquired using a TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) and phases detected by mineral liberation analysis (MLA) Toy_SF4: Table S3. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) grain sizes

Description: Pyrocko is an open source seismology toolbox and library, written in the Python programming language. It can be utilized flexibly for a variety of geophysical tasks, like seismological data processing and analysis, calculation of Green's functions and earthquake models' synthetic waveforms and static displacements (InSAR or GPS). Those can be used to characterize extended earthquake ruptures, point sources (moment tensors) and other seismic sources. This publication includes the Pyrocko core, a library providing building blocks for researchers and students wishing to develop their own applications.

Description: The SWATH-D experiment is dense deployment of 154 seismic stations in the Central and Eastern Alps between Italy and Austria, complementing the larger-scale sparser AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN). SWATH-D will provide high resolution images from the surface into the upper mantle, and allow observations of local seismicity. SWATH-D focuses on a key area of the Alps where the hypothesized flip in subduction polarity has been suggested, and where an earlier seismic profile (TRANSALP) has imaged a jump in the Moho. Where mains power is available (at ca. 80 sites) stations are providing realtime data via the cellphone network and are equipped with Güralp CMG-3EPSC (60s) seismometers and Earth Data Recorders EDR-210. The rest of the stations are offline and consist mainly of Nanometrics Trillium Compact (120s) and Güralp CMG-3EPSC (60s) seismometers equipped with either Omnirecs CUBE3 or PR6-24 Earth Data Loggers. All stations are equipped with external GPS antennas and the sampling rate is 100 Hz (Heit, et al., 2018). The network will operate for 2 years starting in July 2017. The Swath-D data will be used directly by 20 individual proposals of the MB-4D Priority Program (Mountain Building Processes in Four Dimensions, 2017) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and data products derived from it will contribute to additional 13 proposals. SWATH-D is thus an important link between the MB-4D Priority Program and the international AlpArray communities and a scientific service to many of the proposals within the DFG Priority Program. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZS, and are embargoed until August 2023. After the end of embargo, data will be openly available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.

Description: Hyperspectral airborne campaigns have been carried out in the frame of the data exploitation and application development program of the German Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) to support method and application development in the prelaunch phase of the EnMAP satellite mission. A metadata portal (EnMAP Campaign Portal) has been set up providing general information about the campaigns, recorded airborne hyperspectral data sets, other data associated to the respective campaigns like field and laboratory measurements and a number of field guides for in-situ data acquisition. Furthermore, it informs about the availability of simulated EnMAP and Sentinel-2 data for the respective campaign region. The data listed in the EnMAP Campaign Portal is freely available under a Creative Commons License as DOI-referenced data publications.

Description: This publication contains the supplementary data set to Mikolaj et al. "Resolving geophysical signals by terrestrial gravimetry: a time domain assessment of the correction-induced uncertainty" (2019, JGR-Solid Earth). The aim of the article is to estimate the uncertainty of terrestrial gravity corrections applied to resolve small-scale gravity effects. The uncertainty of the gravity corrections is assessed using various models of the tidal effect, large-scale hydrology, non-tidal ocean loading, and atmosphere. Taken into account are widely recognized models with global spatial coverage, sufficient temporal resolution and coverage, and available to the public for research purposes. The uncertainty is expressed in terms of a root-mean-square and mean-absolute error of the deviations between all available models. The data set comprises models for 11 sites worldwide. The processing scripts are provided along with an explanatory file with all instructions for results reproduction and application of the uncertainty analysis for an arbitrary location.

Description: This data publication is part of the 'P³-Petrophysical Property Database' project, which has been developed within the EC funded project IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration, EU grant agreement No. 608553) and consists of a scientific paper, a full report on the database, the database as excel and .csv files and additional tables for a hierarchical classification of the petrography and stratigraphy of the investigated rock samples (see related references). This publication here provides a hierarchical interlinked petrographic classification according to standardized and internationally defined petrographic terms. The petrography or rock type classification scheme is structured based on a hierarchical subdivision with nine different ranks, where the rock description generally becomes more detailed with increasing rank of petrographic classification (based on the well database of the Geological Survey of Hessen, Germany: Hessisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie (HLNUG)). This hierarchical subdivision and the definitions of the petrographic terms are based on international conventions (e.g. Bates & Jackson 1987, Gillespie & Styles 1999, Robertson 1999, Hallsworth & Knox 1999, Bas & Streckeisen 1991, Schmid 1981, Fisher & Smith 1991). Furthermore, the classification corresponds to the subdivision provided by existing property data compilations such as e.g. Hantschel and Kauerauf (2009), Schön (2011), Rybach (1984) and Clauser and Huenges (1995). Petrographic classifications from rank 1 to rank 4 can usually be identified from macroscopic descriptions of well logs, cores and geological mapping. The petrographic classifications from rank 5 to rank 9 require additional information on the texture or grain size, the modal composition or the geochemistry etc., which can usually only be acquired by microscopic or comparable special investigations. Overall, the nine ranks cover a total of 1494 petrographic terms and thus goes well beyond other standardized catalogues (e.g. 'Simplified Lithology' in GeoSciML). The petrographic classification of a sample in P³ is based on the sample description within the original literature reference. A petrographic ID and a corresponding petrographic parental ID directly correlate the different classifications and their ranks.

Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients that represent anomalous contributions of the non-tidal atmosphere to the Earth's mean gravity field during the specified timespan. This includes the contribution of atmospheric surface pressure over the continents, the static contribution of atmospheric pressure to ocean bottom pressure elsewhere, and the contribution of upper-air density anomalies above both the continents and the oceans. The anomalous signals are relative to the mean field from 2003-2014.

Description: The data set contains mineral chemical analyses of 20 different copper bearing minerals and their corresponding hyperspectral spectra. The hyperspectral data were acquired with the HySpex system in a range of 400 – 2500 nm and are presented in a spectral library. Detailed information about the mineral specimen, sample area and geochemistry is presented in the data sheets and associated data description. The spectral library presented here is part of a bigger collection of spectral libraries.

Description: This data publication includes a matlab software package as described in Brunke (2017). In addition to the Matlab software, we provide three test dataset from the Niemegk magnetic observatories (NGK). We present a numerical method, allowing for the evaluation of an arbitrary number (minimum 5 as there are 5 independent parameters) of telescope orientations. The traditional measuring schema uses a fixed number of eight orientations (Jankowski et al, 1996). Our method provides D, I and Z base values and calculated uncertitudes of them. A general approach has significant advantages. Additional measurements may by seamlessly incorporate for higher accuracy. Individual erroneous readings are identified and can be discarded without invalidating the entire data set, a-priory information can be incorporated. We expect the general method to ease requirements also for automated DI-flux measurements. The method can reveal certain properties of the DI-theodolite, which are not captured by the conventional method. Based on the alternative evaluation method, a new faster and less error prone measuring schema is presented. It avoids the need to calculate the magnetic meridian prior to the inclination measurements. Measurements in the vicinity of the magnetic equator become possible with theodolites without zenith ocular.

Description: This report describes the passive seismic data acquired by the TOPASE network deployed over Rittershoffen geothermal field (Alsace, France). The monitoring period extends from March 2013 to November 2014, which includes the stimulation of the first well of the doublet, the drilling of the second well and well tests. These data were acquired using 31 Earth Data Loggers PR6-24 and MARK-SERCEL L-4C-3D 1 Hz seismometers of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP), which were provided to the KIT-AGW-Geothermal research division.

Description: The present dataset is a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the region of the 2014 M8.1 Iquique earthquake sequence, in the Northern Chile subduction zone. Events in the catalog were obtained processing seismic waveforms from 〉100 permanent and temporary seismic stations. The list of waveform data sources used, the multistage automatic earthquake detection and location procedure implemented to build the catalog, as well as the patterns outlined by the seismicity are described in Soto et al. (2019).

Description: This data collection contains airborne hyperspectral data as well as accompanying in-situ data ac-quired in autumn 2011 in the Neusling test area near Landau a.d. Isar in Southern Germany. The dataset is composed of a) three airborne hyperspectral image strips acquired during an overflight on September 10th, 2011 with the APEX instrument. The airborne data consists of 288 spectral bands, ranging from VIS to SWIR (413 - 2449 nm). A mosaic of the three image strips covering the Neusling test area is also provided; b) spectral reference and control measurements acquired with a portable ASD FieldSpec 3 JR spectroradiometer in 2150 spectral bands (350 - 2500nm) taken paral-lel to the overflight; c) a spatially comprehensive land use/land cover map generated from in-situ observations during the days next to the overflight; d) Flight-parallel in-situ point-measurements consisting of: i) non-destructively measured leaf area index of sugar beet, maize, grassland and legumes (105 measurements incl. standard deviations), ii) SPAD chlorophyll measurements (106 measurements incl. standard deviations), iii) 106 measurements of canopy height (incl. standard deviations). The dataset was collected with an agricultural focus.

Description: This data set provides a set of residential flood loss maps (ESRI Shapefiles) for the German part of the Danube catchment for current and future climate based on a stochastic event set of flood hazard footprints (Schröter et al. 2017; http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.5.4.2017.003). The multi-polygon maps provide flood loss in EUR for residential land use areas according to the ATKIS (Authoritative Topographic Cartographic Information System) codes residential areas (2111) and areas of mixed use (2113), (BKG GEODATENZENTRUM: ATKIS-Basis-DLM, 2005). Loss values are calculated using the FloodLossEstimationMOdel for the residential sector (FLEMOps+r) developed by Elmer et al. (2010) in combination with exposure data based on total replacement costs for residential buildings (Kleist et al., 2006). Asset values with a spatial resolution corresponding to the underlying inundation depth maps of the stochastic event set (100x100 m) have been derived by applying a binary disaggregation method and using the digital basic landscape model ATKIS as ancillary information (Wünsch et al. 2009). The flood event sets are derived for the historical period (1970-1990) and two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) for the near future (2020-2049) and far future (2070-2099) for four CORDEX models. These flood event sets are created within continuous long-term simulations of a coupled model chain including the IMAGE stochastic multi-variable, multi-site weather generator, the eco-hydrological model SWIM and 1D river network coupled with 2D hydro-numeric hinterland inundation model, see Schröter et al. (2017) for further details The data have been produced within the OASIS+ demonstrator project 'Future Danube Multi Hazard and Risk Model' funded by Climate-KIC in the period from January 2016 to December 2017. Key features: • Flood loss maps for residential areas in the German part of the Danube catchment from stochastic flood event sets for current and future climate. • High spatial resolution for ATKIS residential land use areas intersected with 100x100 m inundation depth maps. • Flood loss scenarios for historical period (1970-1990) and two RCPs (4.5 and 8.5) for the near future (2020-2049) and far future (2070-2099) from four CORDEX models Key usage: • Large-scale flood risk assessment • Future flood risk assessment • Flood risk management with long-term perspective A full description of the data provenance and specification is given in the README_Schroeter-et-al-2017-004.txt file available in the data download section at this DOI Landing Page.

Description: The WHU_RL01 GRACE monthly gravity field solutions are produced with the classical dynamic approach at the GNSS Research Center of Wuhan University. Three sets of monthly solutions complete to d/o 60, 90 and 120 are produced without any regularization for the time period from 2002-04 to 2016-07. K-Band range rates with a sampling of 5 seconds and reduced-dynamic orbits with a sampling of 5 minutes are used as observations. To account for the colored noise in the K-Band range-rate measurements, the frequency-dependent data weighting scheme proposed by Ditmar et al. (2007) is adopted. Additionally, a unified weight for the reduced-dynamic orbits is applied based on its a priori precision of 2 cm for each component. The strategy adopted for producing the WHU_RL01 GRACE monthly gravity field models is summarized in Table 1 (please find it in the attached explanatory file). It should be noted that relatively short arcs (6 hours per arc) are used to reduce the resonance effects caused by inaccuracies in initial state vectors and background force models (Colombo, 1984). The reduced-dynamic orbits are also used as observations in our data processing. Although a reduced-dynamic orbit contain certain a priori gravity field information, the resulting bias in the gravity field solutions have been proved to be limited when inverted together with the K-band measurements (Chen et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2010).

Description: Engineering seismological models (incl. ground amplification and topographic effects) of key structures in Tiryns and Midea, Greece, will be used to test the hypothesis of seismogenic causes of the decline of the Mycenaean settlements in the 12th century BC.

Description: A seismic network was installed in the Helsinki capital area of Finland to monitor the response to a 6 km deep geothermal stimulation experiment in 2018. The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH), installed these 100 geophones in addition to five surface broadband sensors and a 13-site borehole network deployed by the operating company. The stations operated for 106 days between 7 May and 20 August 2018 (day 127 to 232). The data set consists of raw CUBE-recorder data and converted MSEED data.

Description: The Alps are one of the best studied mountain ranges in the world, yet significant unknowns remain regarding their crustal structure and density distribution at depth. Previous published interpretations of crustal features within the orogen have been primarily based upon 2D seismic sections, and those that do integrate multiple geo-scientific datasets in 3D, have either focused on smaller sub-sections of the Alps or included the Alps, in low resolution, as part of a much larger study area. Therefore the generation of a 3D, crustal scale, gravity constrained, structural model of the Alps and their forelands at an appropriate resolution has been created here to more accurately describe crustal heterogeneity in the region. The study area of this work focuses on a region of 660 km x 620 km covering the vast majority of the Alps and their forelands are included, with the Central and Eastern Alps and the northern foreland being the best covered regions.

Description: An electric current is induced by the motion of electrical conducting seawater through the ambient geomagnetic field. The periodic oceanic tidal flow induces an electric current that emits periodical time-variable electromagnetic field signals. The radial component of the ocean tide induced magnetic field signals has successfully been extracted from magnetic field observations of the satellite missions CHAMP and Swarm. It is known that the amplitudes of these electromagnetic signals are modulated by, among other influences, variations of the electrical seawater conductivity distribution of the ocean. The electrical seawater conductivity in return depends on seawater temperature and salinity. In order to analyse the influence of variations in oceanic temperature and salinity, we modelled a complete set of monthly time slices of three dimensional global complex amplitudes of these electromagnetic field signals for the years 1990 to 2016. In order to analyse solely the influence of variations in the climate sensitive seawater temperature and salinity on the ocean tide induced magnetic field signals, the influences of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field and temporal variations in ocean tide transports have been neglected.

Description: We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale model covering the area of Germany that images the regional structural configuration. The model comprises 31 lithostratigraphic units: seawater, 14 sedimentary units, 14 crystalline crustal units and 2 lithospheric mantle units. The corresponding surfaces are integrated from previous studies of the Central European Basin System, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin, together with published geological and geophysical data. The model is a result of a combined workflow consisting of 3-D structural, gravity and thermal modelling applied to derive the 3-D thermal configuration. The top surface elevations and thicknesses of corresponding layers of the 3-D-D model are provided as ASCII files, one for each individual layer of the model. The columns in each file are identical: the Easting is given in the “X COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the Northing is in the “Y COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the top surface elevation of each layer is given as "TOP (m.a.s.l)", the thickness of each layer is given as "THICKNESS (m)".

Description: In Münchmeyer et al. 2019 magnitudes scales for Northern Chile have been derived with a focus on low uncertainties. The data set consists of three parts. First, a version of the IPOC catalog with the derived magnitude scales ML and MA and their uncertainties. Second, the attenuation functions for different waveform features. Third, the full matrix of features and the resulting single station magnitude predictions.The underlying IPOC catalog was obtained from Sippl et al. (2018). Detailed data description is provided in the README and in Münchmeyer et al. (2019) to which these data are supplementary material.

Description: EMMA – End Member Modelling Analysis of grain-size data is a technique to unmix multimodal grain-size data sets, i.e., to decompose the data into the underlying grain-size distributions (loadings) and their contributions to each sample (scores). The R package EMMAgeo contains a series of functions to perform EMMA based on eigenspace decomposition. The data are rescaled and transformed to receive results in meaningful units, i.e., volume percentage. EMMA can be performed in a deterministic and two robust ways, the latter taking into account incomplete knowledge about model parameters. The model outputs can be interpreted in terms of sediment sources, transport pathways and transport regimes (loadings) as well as their relative importance throughout the sample space (scores).

Description: Spherical harmonic coefficients that represent anomalous contributions of the non-tidal dynamic ocean to ocean bottom pressure during the specified timespan. The anomalous signals are relative to the mean field from 2003-2014.

Description: This data publication is part of the 'P³-Petrophysical Property Database' project, which was developed within the EC funded project IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration, EU grant agreement No. 608553) and consists of a scientific paper, a full report on the database, the database as excel and .csv files and additional tables for a hierarchical classification of the petrography and stratigraphy of the investigated rock samples (see related references). This publication here provides a hierarchical interlinked stratigraphic classification according to the chronostratigraphical units of the international chronostratigraphic chart of the IUGS v2016/04 (Cohen et al. 2013, updated) according to international standardisation. As addition to this IUGS chart, which is also documented in GeoSciML, stratigraphic IDs and parent IDs were included to define the direct relationships between the stratigraphic terms. The P³ database aims at providing easily accessible, peer-reviewed information on physical rock properties relevant for geothermal exploration and reservoir characterization in one single compilation. Collected data include hydraulic, thermophysical and mechanical properties and, in addition, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. Each measured value is complemented by relevant meta-information such as the corresponding sample location, petrographic description, chronostratigraphic age and, most important, original citation. The original stratigraphic and petrographic descriptions are transferred to standardized catalogues following a hierarchical structure ensuring intercomparability for statistical analysis, of which the stratigraphic catalogue is presented here. These chronostratigraphic units are compiled to ensure that formations of a certain age are connected to the corresponding stratigraphic epoch, period or erathem. Thus, the chronostratigraphic units are directly correlated to each other by their stratigraphic ID and stratigraphic parent ID and can thus be used for interlinked data assessment of the petrophysical properties of samples of an according stratigraphic unit.

Description: Increasing flood losses over the last decades emphasize the need towards significantly improved and more efficient flood risk management. One key requirement is reliable risk assessment in conjunction with consistent flood loss modeling. Current risk assessments and flood loss estimations for Europe are until now based on regional approaches using deterministic depth-damage function and do rarely report associated uncertainties. To reduce these shortcomings, we present the results of a novel, consistent approach based on the Bayesian Network Flood Loss Estimation MOdel for the private sector (BN-FLEMOps). The dataset is consistent in terms of the input data used to drive the model and because we use the same vulnerability model to derive the flood loss estimation. Essential inputs for any flood loss estimation are hazard (usually water depth), asset (value of objects at risk) and flood experience parameters. The hazard input was given by a European inundation scenario for a continent-wide flood with 100 years return period (Alfieri et al., 2014). Asset values were computed following the the approach by Huizinga et al. (2017) and the flood experience was derived using the database of the Dartmouth Flood Observatory (DFO) (Brakenridge, 2018).

Description: The KISS network was installed in the frame of the "Klyuchevskoy Investigation - Seismic Structure of an extraordinary volcanic system" project and recorded data between summer 2015 and summer 2016 in one of the world's largest clusters of subduction volcanoes - the Klyuchevskoy volcanic group (KVG). It is located in eastern Russia at the northern end of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone close to its intersection with the Aleutian arc and the north-western termination of Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain. Additional to the 4700m high Mount Klyuchevskoy the KVG contains 12 other volcanoes that have together erupted about 1 cubic meter rock per second averaged over the past 10,000 years. Among those Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny and Tolbachik were the most active ones during the last decades with eruptions styles ranging from explosive to Hawaiian-type. The KISS experiment is designed to investigate the volcanic and seismic processes and its structural setting in the KVG. The network covers a circular region of about 80km diameter with some linear extensions. It includes data from 77 temporary seismic stations with broadband and short period sensors that were installed on concrete plates in about 60cm deep holes. Due to the local conditions the stations were battery powered and could not be serviced during the experiment. GPS reception of the digitizers was not continuous at all stations due to thick snow cover and vegetation. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X9, and are embargoed until end of 2019.

Description: This service provides routing information for distributed data centres, in the case where multiple different seismic data centres offer access to data and products using compatible types of services. Examples of the data and product objects are seismic timeseries waveforms, station inventory, or quality parameters from the waveforms. The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) is an example of a set of distributed data centres (the EIDA „nodes“). EIDA have offered Arclink and Seedlink services for many years, and now offers FDSN web services, for accessing their holdings. In keeping with the distributed nature of EIDA, these services could run at different nodes or elsewhere; even on computers from normal users. Depending on the type of service, these may only provide information about a reduced subset of all the available waveforms. To be effective, the Routing Service must know the locations of all services integrated into a system and serve this information in order to help the development of smart clients and/or services at a higher level, which can offer the user an integrated view of the entire system (EIDA), hiding the complexity of its internal structure. The service is intended to be open and able to be queried by anyone without the need of credentials or authentication.

Description: The data set contains mineral chemical analyses of 32 rare earth element (REE) -bearing minerals (REMin) and rare-earth oxides (REO) and their corresponding hyperspectral spectra. The hyperspectral data was acquired with the HySpex system in a range of 400 – 2500 nm and is presented in a spectral library. The two Rare Earth Element (REE) libraries consist of the spectra of 16 rare earth oxides powders (REO) and 14 REE-bearing minerals (REMin). In addition, it contains the spectra of niobium- and tantalum oxide, two elements technically not part of the REEs.

Description: We have installed 20 new Global Positioning System (GPS) markers in the West Pamir and the Tajik Depression and measured 25 markers once a year between 2013 and 2016 in survey mode. The stations are positioned along two dense NW-SE oriented profiles with an average spacing of 5-10 km. The profiles cross the Darvaz and the Vakhsh/Ilyak fault and thus monitor the recent slip of these two profiles, which are expected to accommodate the gravity-driven westward extrusion of the West Pamir into the Tajik Depression. Some of the stations include millimeter to centimeter offsets potentially caused by the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Pamir, earthquake.