ALBERT

Note: J. B. Dawson, D. A. Carswell, J. Hall, and K.H. Wedepohl: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.01 --- R. Meissner: Twenty years of deep seismic reflection profiling in Germany—a contribution to our knowledge of the nature of the lower Variscan crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.02 --- D. H. Matthews: Seismic reflections from the lower crust around Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.03 --- S. B. Smithson: A physical model of the lower crust from North America based on seismic reflection data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:23-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.04 --- V. Haak and R. Hutton: Electrical resistivity in continental lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:35-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.05 --- J. Hall: The physical properties of layered rocks in deep continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.06 --- D. S. Chapman: Thermal gradients in the continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:63-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.07 --- J. F. Dewey: Diversity in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:71-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.08 --- N. J. Kusznir and R. G. Park: Continental lithosphere strength: the critical role of lower crustal deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:79-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.09 --- K. Weber: Metamorphism and crustal rheology—implications for the structural development of the continental crust during prograde metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:95-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.10 --- S. A. F. Murrell: The role of deformation, heat, and thermal processes in the formation of the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.11 --- K. Fuchs: Intraplate seismicity induced by stress concentration at crustal heterogeneities—the Hohenzollern Graben, a case history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.12 --- K. Lambeck: Crustal structure and evolution of the central Australian basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.13 --- R. W. Kay and S. M. Kay: Petrology and geochemistry of the lower continental crust: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:147-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.14 --- J. Touret: Fluid inclusions in rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.15 --- S. R. Taylor and S.M. McLennan: The chemical composition of the Archaean crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:173-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.16 --- R. L. Rudnick and S. R. Taylor: Geochemical constraints on the origin of Archaean tonalitic-trondhjemitic rocks and implications for lower crustal composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:179-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.17 --- D. A. Carswell and S.J. Cuthbert: Eclogite facies metamorphism in the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:193-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.18 --- S. Moorbath and P.N. Taylor: Geochronology and related isotope geochemistry of high-grade metamorphic rocks from the lower continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:211-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.19 --- B. F. Windley and J. Tarney: The structural evolution of the lower crust of orogenic belts, present and past / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:221-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.20 --- C. Pin and J. D. Sills: Petrogenesis of layered gabbros and ultramafic rocks from Val Sesia, the Ivrea Zone, NW Italy: trace element and isotope geochemistry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:231-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.21 --- S. Robertson: Evolution of the late Archaean lower continental crust in southern West Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:251-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.22 --- L. Schiøtte, D. Bridgwater, K.D. Collerson, A.P. Nutman, and A.B. Ryan: Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.23 --- D. M. Shaw, J. J. Cramer, M. D. Higgins, and M. G. Truscott: Composition of the Canadian Precambrian shield and the continental crust of the earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:275-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.24 --- M. Raith and P. Raase: High grade metamorphism in the granulite belt of Finnish Lapland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.25 --- R. C. Newton and E.C. Hansen: The South India-Sri Lanka high-grade terrain as a possible deep-crust section / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:297-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.26 --- H.-G. Stosch, G. W. Lugmair, and H.A. Seck: Geochemistry of granulite-facies lower crustal xenoliths: implications for the geological history of the lower continental crust below the Eifel, West Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:309-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.27 --- H. Downes and A. Leyreloup: Granulitic xenoliths from the French Massif Central—petrology, Sr and Nd isotope systematics and model age estimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:319-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.28 --- J. R. Broadhurst: Mineral reactions in xenoliths from the Colorado Plateau; implications for lower crustal conditions and fluid composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:331-349, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.29 --- P. W. C. van Calsteren, N. B. W. Harris, C. J. Hawkesworth, M. A. Menzies, and N. W. Rogers: Xenoliths from southern Africa: a perspective on the lower crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:351-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.30 --- W. L. Griffin and S. Y. O’Reilly: The lower crust in eastern Australia: xenolith evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 24:363-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.024.01.31

Note: Contents: Introduction 1 1 Case Study: San Francisco ; Sharing Consumption: The City as Platform ; 2 Case Study: Seoul ; Sharing Production: The City as Collective Commons ; 3 Case Study: Copenhagen ; Sharing Politics: The City as Public Realm ; 4 Case Study: Medellín ; Sharing Society: Reclaiming the City ; 5 Case Study: Amsterdam ; The Sharing City: Understanding and Acting on the Sharing Paradigm ; 6 Case Study: Bengaluru ; Synthesis

Note: Contents: Part I. Introduction: 1. The Asia-centric coal era Mark C. Thurber and Richard K. Morse ; Part II. Case Studies of Key Coal Countries: 2. The evolution of China's coal institutions Wuyuan Peng ; 3. Developing large coal-power bases in China Huaichuan Rui, Richard K. Morse and Gang He ; 4. The causes and implications of India's coal production shortfall Jeremy Carl ; 5. Market, investment, and policy challenges for South African coal Anton Eberhard ; 6. Australia's black coal industry: past achievements and future challenges Bart Lucarelli ; 7. Government as creator and destroyer: Indonesia's rapid rise and possible decline as steam coal supplier to Asia Bart Lucarelli ; Part III. Understanding the International Coal Trade: 8. US coal to Asia: examining the role of transportation constraints in energy markets Mark C. Thurber ; 9. The world's greatest coal arbitrage: China's coal import behavior Richard K. Morse and Gang He ; 10. The COALMOD-World model: coal markets until 2030 Franziska Holz, Clemens Haftendorn, Roman Mendelevitch and Christian Von Hirschhausen ; Part IV. The Potential of Technology to Reconcile Coal and Climate: 11. New technologies to the rescue? A review of three game changing coal technologies and their implications for Australia's black coal industry Bart Lucarelli ; 12. The real drivers of carbon capture and storage in China Richard K. Morse, Varun Rai and Gang He ; Part V. Conclusions and Implications: 13. Major factors affecting the production, trade, and environmental impact of coal Mark C. Thurber and Richard K. Morse ; Part VI. Detailed Information on the Coal Value Chain in China: Appendix. A statistical review of coal supply, demand, and transport in China Kevin Jianjun Tu ; Index.

Note: Contents: Part I: Introduction to Grounded Theory of Anselm Strauss ; Chapter 1: Inspiration and Background ; Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations ; Chapter 3: Practical Considerations for Getting Started ; Chapter 4: Prelude to Analysis ; Chapter 5: Strategies for Qualitative Data Analysis ; Chapter 6: Memos and Diagrams ; Chapter 7: Theoretical Sampling ; Chapter 8: Context ; Chapter 9: Process ; Chapter 10: Techniques for Achieving Theoretical Integration ; Chapter 11: The Use of Computer Programs in Qualitative Data Analysis ; Part II: Research Demonstration Project ; Chapter 12 Open Coding: Identifying Concepts ; Chapter 13: Developing Concepts in Terms of Their Properties and Dimensions ; Chapter 14: Analyzing Data for Context ; Chapter 15: Bringing Process Into the Analysis ; Chapter 16: Integrating Categories ; Part III: Finishing the Research Project ; Chapter 17: Writing Theses, Monographs, and Dissertations, and Giving Talks About Your Research ; Chapter 18: Criteria for Evaluation ; Chapter 19: Student Questions and Answers

Note: Contents: Who wants to be an Economist? ; 1. Change the Goal ; 2. See the Big Picture ; 3. Nurture Human Nature ; 4. Get Savvy with Systems ; 5. Design to Distribute ; 6. Create to Regenerate ; 7. Be Agnostic about Growth ; We are all Economists now ; Appendix: The Doughnut and its Data

Note: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1: Overview of modern and Quaternary vegetation in China. - 1.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.1.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.1.1.1 Gobi desert and desert vegetation in eastern Xinjiang. - 1.1.1.2 Extremely arid desert and shrubland vegetation in the Qaidam Basin. - 1.1.1.3 Arid desert shrub and semi-shrub vegetation in the Hexi Corridor. - 1.1.1.4 Sylvosteppe or pine-oak forest in the transitional region between semi-humid and semi-arid monsoonal climate of temperate zone in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.1.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Qinghai. - 1.1.2.2 Holocene vegetation succession of steppe/meadow in north Xizang (Tibet). - 1.1.2.3 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Xinjiang. - 1.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - 1.2.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.2.1.1 Coniferous and broadleaved forest and meadow of temperate zone in Northeast China. - 1.2.1.2 Oak forest of river valley, Chinese pine forest, and shrub steppe in the lower valley of Liaohe River, North China plain, southern Shanxi, and central Shaanxi plain. - 1.2.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.2.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in North China. - 1.2.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Northeast China. - 1.3 Southeast region / Shu Junwu and Tang Lingyu. - 1.3.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.3.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.3.2.1 Vegetation succession since the mid-Pleistocene in Hubei. - 1.3.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the lower valley of the Yangtze River. - 1.3 .2.3 Forest succession since the last glaciation in southeast coast of Fujian. - 1.3.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the central Taiwan. - 1.4 South region / Mao Limi, Tang Lingyu and Shen Cairning. - 1.4.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.4.1.1 Vegetation in the southern zone of middle subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.2 Vegetation in the zone of south subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.3 Tropical semi-evergreen monsoonal forest and tropical monsoonal forest. - 1.4.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.4.2.1 Vegetation in the Zhujiang delta and Chaozhou plain since the Pleistocene recorded by pollen and spores. - 1.4.2.2 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Leizhou Peninsula and Holocene vegetation and climate in Hainan Island. - 1.4.2.3 Late Quaternary pollen and spores, vegetation and climate records in the South. - 1.4.2.4 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Hong Kong. - 1.5 Southwest region / Shu Junwu, Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.5.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.5.1.1 Vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forest in the Yunnan , Guizhou and western Sichuan Plateau. - 1.5.1.2 Vegetation of coniferous forest in southeast Xizang. - 1.5.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.5.2.1 Holocene vegetation in northwest Yunnan. - 1.5.2.2 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in western and south-central Yunnan. - 1.5.2.3 Holocene vegetation in western Sichuan. - 1.5.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in Guizhou. - 1.5.2.5 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in southeastern Xizang. - Chapter 2 Main types of Quaternary pollen and spores and their characteristics in different regions of China. - 2.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - 2.1.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2.1 Identifiable features of main Compositae pollen types. - 2.1.2.2 Identifiable features of Artemisia, Tamarix, and Zygophyllum pollen. - 2.1.2.3 Identifiable features of Rhamnus, Hippophae, and Elaeagnus pollen. - 2.1.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu. - 2.2.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2.1 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several saccate genera of Pinaceae. - 2.2.2.2 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for genera of Betulaceae. - 2.2.2.3 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Salix and Cruciferae. - 2.2.2.4 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Ranunculaceae and Labiatae. - 2.2.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northern China. - 2.2.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.2.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.3.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2.1 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.3 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.4 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of tropical and subtropical. - 2.3.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.4 South region / Mao Limi and Tang Lingyu. - 2.4.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2 Identifiable features of main Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2.1 Modern distribution and paleophytogeography of Sonneratia and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.2.2 Modern distribution and paleoecology significance of Rhizophoraceae and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.3 Photomicrographs and descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.5 Southwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.5.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2 Identifiable feature of main Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.1 Plant distribution and pollen features of Pinaceae in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for Pinaceae. - 2.5.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.1 Photomicrographs for common pollen in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - Chapter 3 Plates and descriptions of Quaternary pollen and spores in different region of China. - 3.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 1-3. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 3-10. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 11-63. - 3.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - Spores of the algae Plates 1-3. - Spores of the bryophyte Plate 4. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 5-9. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 9-24. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 25-63. - 3.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu, Zhou Zhongze and

Note: Content: Preface. - 1 IASC Internal Development. - IASC Organization. - IASC Council . - IASC Executive Committee. - IASC Secretariat. - Allen Pope New IASC Executive Secretary. - IASC Secretariat Moves to Iceland. - IASC Future Strategy. - IASC Medal 2017. - 2 IASC Working Groups. - Cross-Cutting Initiatives. - Atmosphere Working Group (AWG). - Cryosphere Working Group (CWG). - Marine Working Group (MWG). - Social and Human Working Group (SHWG). - Terrestrial Working Group (TWG). - 3 Arctic Science Summit Week 2016. - Upcoming ASSWs. - 4 Data and Observations. - Arctic Data Committee (ADC). - Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). - 5 Partnerships. - Asian Forum for Polar Sciences (AFoPS). - Arctic Council. - 6 Capacity Building. - IASC Fellowship Program. - Overview of Supported Early Career Scientists. - Annex. - Polar Acronyms.

Note: Contents: Introduction: The Challenge of Inequality ; I A Brief History Of Inequality ; 1 The Rise of Inequality ; 2 Empires of Inequality ; 3 Up and Down ; II War ; 4 Total War ; 5 The Great Compression ; 6 Preindustrial Warfare and Civil War ; III Revolution ; 7 Communism ; 8 Before Lenin ; IV Collapse ; 9 State Failure and Systems Collapse ; V Plague ; 10 The Black Death ; 11 Pandemics, Famine, and War ; VI Alternatives ; 12 Reform, Recession, and Representation ; 13 Economic Development and Education ; 14 What If ? From History to Counterfactuals ; VII Inequality Redux And The Future Of Leveling ; 15 In Our Time ; 16 What Does the Future Hold? ; Appendix: The Limits of Inequality

Note: Contents: Chapter 1 The Space and Strategy of Demographic Growth ; Chapter 2 Demographic Growth ; Chapter 3 Land, Labor, and Population ; Chapter 4 Toward Order and Efficiency ; Chapter 5 The Populations of Poor Countries ; Chapter 6 The Future ; Major Scientific Journals for Further Reading

Note: Contents: 1. Why climate change litigation matters; 2. Model for understanding litigation's regulatory impact; 3. Litigation as a mitigation tool; 4. Litigation as an adaptation tool; 5. Corporate responses to litigation; 6. Litigation's role in shaping social norms; 7. Barriers to progress; 8. The future of climate change litigation..

Note: Contents: Fundamentals -- Applications of catastrophe modelling -- The perils in brief -- Building catastrophe models -- Developing a view of risk -- Summary and the future

Note: Contents: Part I: Dynamics of the Green Transition; 1. Introduction; 2. Evolutionary Dynamics of Our Industrial Civilization; 3. Ecomodernization –with ‘Chinese Characteristics’; 4. Sociotechnical Transitions: A Sixth Wave; 5. No Wonder China and India Are Pursuing Green Growth Strategies So Vigorously; 6. Finance Now Playing a Central Role in the Green Shift; 7. Can the China Model Be Utilized by Other Industrializing Countries?; 8. Green Growth Development Strategies, Local Content Requirements and World Trade; 9. Farewell Fossil Fuels; Part II: Sixth Wave Eco- Innovations; 10. Global Population Peaking […] and Urbanizing; 11. Energy That Is Clean, Cheap, Abundant – and Safe; 12. Reframing Renewables as Enhancing Energy Security; 13. The Myths of ‘Renewistan’; 14. Recirculation and Regeneration of Resources (Circular Economy); 15. Food and Fresh Water Production; 16. Energy, Water, Food for Cities: Deploying a Positive Triple Nexus; 17. Eco- Cities of the Future; 18. When Ceres Meets Gaia; Bibliography; Index.

Note: Contents: Part One: Value ; Chapter: 1. Introduction to Corporate Finance ; Chapter: 2. How to Calculate Present Values ; Chapter: 3. Valuing Bonds ; Chapter: 4. The Value of Common Stocks ; Chapter: 5. Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria ; Chapter: 6. Making Investment Decisions with the Net Present Value Rule ; Part Two: Risk ; Chapter: 7. Introduction to Risk and Return ; Chapter: 8. Portfolio Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model ; Chapter: 9. Risk and the Cost of Capital ; Part Three: Best Practices in Capital Budgeting ; Chapter: 10. Project Analysis ; Chapter: 11. Investment, Strategy, and Economic Rents ; Chapter: 12. Agency Problems, Compensation, and Performance Measurement ; Part Four: Financing Decisions and Market Efficiency ; Chapter: 13. Efficient Markets and Behavioral Finance ; Chapter: 14. An Overview of Corporate Financing ; Chapter: 15. How Corporations Issue Securities ; Part Five: Payout Policy and Capital Structure ; Chapter: 16. Payout Policy ; Chapter: 17. Does Debt Policy Matter? ; Chapter: 18. How Much Should a Corporation Borrow? ; Chapter: 19. Financing and Valuation ; Part Six: Options ; Chapter: 20. Understanding Options ; Chapter: 21. Valuing Options ; Chapter: 22. Real Options ; Part Seven: Debt Financing ; Chapter: 23. Credit Risk and the Value of Corporate Debt ; Chapter: 24. The Many Different Kinds of Debt ; Chapter: 25. Leasing ; Part Eight: Risk Management ; Chapter: 26. Managing Risk ; Chapter: 27. Managing International Risks ; Part Nine: Financial Planning and Working Capital Management ; Chapter: 28. Financial Analysis ; Chapter: 29. Financial Planning ; Chapter: 30. Working Capital Management ; Part Ten: Mergers, Corporate Control, and Governance ; Chapter: 31. Mergers ; Chapter: 32. Corporate Restructuring ; Chapter: 33. Governance and Corporate Control Around the World ; Part Eleven: Conclusion ; Chapter: 34. Conclusion: What We Do and Do Not Know About Finance

Note: Contents: Foreword ; Executive summary ; Acknowledgements ; Chapter 1 The global outlook ; Chapter 2 Tracking clean energy progress ; Chapter 3 Accelerating the transition to sustainable buildings ; Chapter 4 Advancing the low-carbon transition in industry ; Chapter 5 Steering transport towards sustainability ; Chapter 6 Transforming electricity systems ; Chapter 7 Delivering sustainable bioenergy ; Chapter 8 Unlocking the potential of carbon capture and storage ; Annex A Analytical approach ; Annex B Abbreviations and acronyms ; Annex C Definitions, regional and country groupings and units ; Annex D List of figures, tables and boxes

Note: Contents: List of figures. - List of tables. - Foreword by Clive Hamilton. - Acknowledgements. - 1. Climate change and corporate capitalism. - 2. Creative self-destruction and the incorporation of critique. - 3. Climate change and the corporate construction of risk. - 4. Corporate political activity and climate coalitions. - 5. Justification, compromise, and corruption. - 6. Climate change, managerial identity and narrating the self. - 7. Emotions, corporate environmentalism and climate change. - 8. Political myths and pathways forward. - 9. Imagining alternatives. - Appendix. - References. - Index.

Note: Contents: Introduction ; Chapter 1. Dignity in Homer and Classical Greece ; Chapter 2. Dignity in Roman and Stoic Thought ; Reflection: Dignity in Confucian and Buddhist Thought ; Chapter 3. Dignity After the Fall ; Chapter 4. Islamic Conceptions of Dignity: Historical Trajectories and Paradigms ; Chapter 5. Dignity, Vile Bodies and Nakedness: Giovanni Pico and Giannozzo Manetti ; Reflection: Portraiture, Social Positioning, and Displays of Dignity in Early Modern London ; Chapter 6. Equal Dignity and Rights ; Chapter 7. Human Dignity Before Kant: Denis Diderot's Passionate Person ; Chapter 8. Dignity: Kant's Revolutionary Conception ; Reflection: A Time For Dignity ; Chapter 9. Bourgeois Dignity: Making the Self-Made Man ; Reflection: Taking refuge from history in morality: Marx, Morality, and Dignity ; Chapter 10. Universalizing Dignity in the Nineteenth Century ; Reflection: Why Bioethics isn't Ready for Human Dignity ; Chapter 11. Sympathy and Dignity in Early Africana Philosophy ; Reflection: Death and Dignity in American Law

Note: In kyrill. Schrift

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction ; 1 Understanding Change Through the Lens of Resilience ; Part 2: Recognizing Vulnerability ; 2 Japan After March 11th 2011: Between Swift Reconstruction and Sustainable Restructuring ; 3 Climate Change Vulnerability of Olive Oil Groves in Dry Areas of Tunisia: Case Study in the Governorate of Médenine ; 4 The Vehicle Transportation Problem in the Megacity São Paulo (Brazil) ; 5 Disasters and Their Impacts on Air Quality in the Human Living Environment ; 6 Vulnerability of Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems in Mongolia ; Part 3: Awareness and Preparedness for Change ; 7 The Importance of Information Availability for Climate Change Preparedness in the Cultural Heritage Sector: A Comparison Between the UK and Japan ; 8 Anticipating Environmental Change in Development Planning for the Archipelago of Indonesia ; 9 Institutional and Technical Innovation in Pakistan for Resilience to Extreme Climate Events ; 10 Development of an International Institutional Framework for Climate Adaptation and Practice in Adaptation Planning in Developing Countries ; 11 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Products and Services by Japanese Companies with Base-of-the-Economic-Pyramid (BoP) Businesses ; 12 Systems Established for Reconstruction After the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the Current Situation on the Ground ; Part 4: Tools and Methods for Building Resiliency ; 13 Developing an ICT-Based Toolbox for Resilient Capacity Building: Challenges, Obstacles and Approaches ; 14 Development of Tools to Assess Vulnerability to Climate Change in South Asia ; 15 Development Plan as a Tool to Improve the Disaster Resilience of Urban Areas ; 16 Swarm Planning—Developing a Tool for Innovative Resilience Planning ; Part 5: Transformation from Disaster and Crisis ; 17 Green Infrastructure in Reconstruction After the 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: A Case Study of Historical Change on Awaji Island in Japan ; 18 The Long Term Economic Value of Holistic Ecological Planning for Disaster Risk ; 19 Disaster Response and Public Consultation in Cleaning Up Radioactive Contamination of the Environment ; 20 Building Resilience in Africa Through Transformation and a Green Economy: Challenges and Opportunities ; Part 6: Building Resiliency with Community ; 21 Community Based Environmental Design: Empowering Local Expertise in Design Charrettes ; 22 Solar-Based Decentralized Energy Solution - A Case of Entrepreneur Based Model from Rural India ; 23 The Importance of Social Capital in Building Community Resilience ; 24 The Veneer House Experience: The Role of Architects in Recovering Community After Disaster ; Part 7: Conclusion ; 25 Understanding Resilience Through the Lens of Change

Note: Contents -- Chapter 1: Engaging with Environmental Transformation in Oceania -- Chapter 2: Climate Change, Christian Religion and Songs: Revisiting the Noah Story in the Central Pacific -- Chapter 3: Climate Change and Worries over Land: Articulations in the Atoll State of Kiribati -- Chapter 4: Experiencing Environmental Dynamics in Chuuk, Micronesia -- Chapter 5: Young ni-Vanuatu Encounter Climate Change: Reception of Knowledge and New Discourses -- Chapter 6: Whose Beach, Which Nature? Coproducing Coastal Naturecultures and Erosion Control in Aotearoa New Zealand -- Chapter 7: The ``White Magic´´ of Modernity: Retracing Indigenous Environmental Knowledge in Settler-Colonialist Australia -- Chapter 8: Naturally Occurring Asbestos: The Perception of Rocks in the Mountains of New Caledonia -- Chapter 9: Epilogue: Re-building Ships at Sea: Ontological Innovation in Action -- Index

Note: Contents: (Dis)ability and (Dis)aster -- Disability and disaster : an overview -- Inclusive emergency management for people with disabilities facing disaster -- One (mis-)step from (personal) disaster : being blind -- One should remain calm -- Failure and hope : living or not with disability after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake -- Resilience : just for the resilient? -- Educating first responders about Asperger's syndrome -- Fighting to restart -- No matter what happened, I have survived -- Migraines and atmospheric conditions -- Don't let me burn! -- If you people would just prepare! -- Inclusive risk management -- Terrorism and displacement in Kenya -- Maintaining social contact for disaster preparedness -- Disasters for people with disabilities in the Cook Islands -- A disaster-free life - a lot of luck and happiness -- Lightness or darkness? -- The water is rushing in -- Of bodybuilders and wheelchairs -- My sister -- Wheels on the ground : lessons learned and lessons to learn -- Help us to get it right -- Exploring and exchanging (dis)ability and (Dis)aster

Note: New citizens, new societies: new sciences, new philosophies?Objectivity for sciences from below -- Women, gender, development: maximally objective research? -- Do Micronesian navigators practice science? -- Pluralism, multiplicity, and the disunity of sciences -- Must sciences be secular? -- After Mr. Nowhere: new proper scientific selves..

Note: Front Cover --- Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing --- Introduction to Satellite Remote Sensing: Atmosphere, Ocean, Land and Cryosphere Applications --- Copyright --- Dedication --- Contents --- 1 - THE HISTORY OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING --- 1.1 THE DEFINITION OF REMOTE SENSING --- 1.2 THE HISTORY OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING --- 1.2.1 THE NATURE OF LIGHT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY --- 1.2.2 THE BIRTH OF EARTH-ORBITING SATELLITES --- 1.2.3 THE FUTURE OF POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITES --- 1.2.3.1 The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder --- 1.2.4 OTHER HISTORICAL SATELLITE PROGRAMS --- 1.2.4.1 The NIMBUS Program --- 1.2.4.2 The Landsat Program --- 1.2.4.3 The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program --- 1.2.4.4 Geostationary Weather Satellites --- 1.2.4.4.1 GOES-R --- 1.3 STUDY QUESTIONS --- 2 - BASIC ELECTROMAGNETIC CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS TO OPTICAL SENSORS --- 2.1 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS --- 2.2 THE BASICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION --- 2.3 THE REMOTE SENSING PROCESS --- 2.4 THE CHARACTER OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES --- 2.4.1 DEFINITION OF RADIOMETRIC TERMS --- 2.4.2 POLARIZATION AND THE STOKES VECTOR --- 2.4.3 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION AT THE INTERFACE OF TWO FLAT MEDIA --- 2.4.4 BREWSTER'S ANGLE --- 2.4.5 CRITICAL ANGLE --- 2.4.6 ALBEDO VERSUS REFLECTANCE --- 2.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: DISTRIBUTION OF RADIANT ENERGIES --- 2.5.1 GAMMA, X-RAY, AND ULTRAVIOLET PORTIONS OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM --- 2.5.2 VISIBLE SPECTRUM --- 2.5.3 THERMAL INFRARED SPECTRUM --- 2.5.4 MICROWAVE SPECTRUM --- 2.6 ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION --- 2.6.1 SPECTRAL WINDOWS --- 2.6.2 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS --- 2.6.2.1 Beer-Lambert Absorption Law --- 2.6.2.2 Beer-Lambert Absorption Law: Opacity --- 2.6.2.3 Atmospheric Scattering --- 2.7 SENSORS TO MEASURE PARAMETERS OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE --- 2.8 INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION --- 2.9 INFRARED EMISSIONS --- 2.10 SURFACE REFLECTANCE: LAND TARGETS --- 2.10.1 LAND SURFACE MIXTURES --- 2.11 STUDY QUESTIONS --- 3 - OPTICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS --- 3.1 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES --- 3.2 BASIC OPTICAL SYSTEMS --- 3.2.1 PRISMS --- 3.2.2 FILTER-WHEEL RADIOMETERS --- 3.2.2.1 An Example: The Cloud Absorption Radiometer --- 3.2.2.2 Filters --- 3.2.3 GRATING SPECTROMETER --- 3.2.4 INTERFEROMETER --- 3.3 SPECTRAL RESOLVING POWER --- THE RAYLEIGH CRITERION --- 3.4 DETECTING THE SIGNAL --- 3.5 VIGNETTING --- 3.6 SCAN GEOMETRIES --- 3.7 FIELD OF VIEW --- 3.8 OPTICAL SENSOR CALIBRATION --- 3.8.1 VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS CALIBRATION --- 3.8.2 POLARIZATION FILTERS --- 3.9 LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING --- 3.9.1 PHYSICS OF THE MEASUREMENT --- 3.9.2 OPTICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS --- 3.9.3 APPLICATIONS OF LIDAR SYSTEMS --- 3.9.4 WIND LIDAR --- 3.9.4.1 Vector Wind Velocity Determination --- 3.9.4.1.1 Velocity Azimuth Display LIDAR Vector Wind Method --- 3.9.4.1.2 Doppler Beam Swinging LIDAR Vector Wind Method --- 3.9.4.2 Direct Detection Doppler Wind LIDAR --- 3.9.4.3 LIDAR Wind Summary --- 3.10 STUDY QUESTIONS --- 4 - Microwave Radiometry --- 4.1 Basic Concepts on Microwave Radiometry --- 4.1.1 Blackbody Radiation --- 4.1.2 Gray-body Radiation: Brightness Temperature and Emissivity --- 4.1.3 General Expressions for the Emissivity --- 4.1.3.1 Simple Emissivity Models: Emission From a Perfect Specular Surface --- 4.1.3.2 Simple Emissivity Models: Emission From a Lambertian Surface --- 4.1.3.1 Simple Emissivity Models: Emission From a Perfect Specular Surface --- 4.1.3.2 Simple Emissivity Models: Emission From a Lambertian Surface --- 4.1.4 Power Collected by an Antenna Surrounded by a Blackbody --- 4.1.5 Power Collected by an Antenna Surrounded by a Gray body: Apparent Temperature and Antenna Temperature --- 4.2 The Radiative Transfer Equation --- 4.2.1 The Complete Polarimetric Radiative Transfer Equation --- 4.2.2 Usual Approximations to the Radiative Transfer Equation --- 4.3 Emission Behavior of Natural Surfaces --- 4.3.1 The Atmosphere --- 4.3.1.1 Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases --- 4.3.1.2 Attenuation by Rain --- 4.3.1.3 Attenuation by Clouds and Fog --- 4.3.2 The Ionosphere --- 4.3.2.1 Faraday Rotation --- 4.3.2.2 Ionospheric Losses: Absorption and Emission --- 4.3.3 Land Emission --- 4.3.3.1 Soil Dielectric Constant Models --- 4.3.3.2 Bare Soil Emission --- 4.3.3.3 Vegetated Soil Emission --- 4.3.3.4 Snow-Covered Soil Emission --- 4.3.3.5 Topography Effects --- 4.3.4 Ocean Emission --- 4.3.4.1 Water Dielectric Constant Behavior --- 4.3.4.2 Calm Ocean Emission --- 4.3.4.2.1 Influence of the Salinity --- 4.3.4.2.2 Influence of Frequency --- 4.3.4.2.3 Influence of the Water Temperature --- 4.3.4.3 Influence of the Sea State --- 4.3.4.3.1 Influence of the Look Angle --- 4.3.4.4 Emissivity of the Sea Surface Covered With Oil --- 4.3.4.5 Emissivity of the Sea Ice Surface --- 4.4 Understanding Microwave Radiometry Imagery --- 4.5 Applications of Microwave Radiometry --- 4.6 Sensors --- 4.6.1 Historical Review of Microwave Radiometers and Frequency Bands Used --- 4.6.2 Microwave Radiometers: Basic Performance --- 4.6.2.1 Spatial Resolution --- 4.6.2.1.1 Real Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.2.1.2 Synthetic Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.2.2 Radiometric Resolution --- 4.6.2.2.1 Real Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.2.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.2.3 Trade-off Between Spatial Resolution and Radiometric Precision --- 4.6.3 Real Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.3.1 Instrument Considerations --- 4.6.3.1.1 Antenna Considerations --- 4.6.3.1.2 Receiver Considerations --- 4.6.3.1.3 Sampling Considerations --- 4.6.3.2 Types of Real Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.3.3 Radiometer Calibration --- 4.6.3.3.1 External Calibration --- 4.6.3.3.1.1 Using Hot and Cold Targets --- 4.6.3.3.1.2 Fully Polarimetric Radiometer Calibration Using External Targets --- 4.6.3.3.1.3 Tip Curves --- 4.6.3.3.1.4 Earth Targets: Vicarious Calibration --- 4.6.3.3.2 Internal Calibration --- 4.6.3.3.3 Radiometer Linearity --- 4.6.3.4 Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation --- 4.6.3.5 Example: Special Sensor Microwave Imager Radiometric and Geometric Corrections --- 4.6.4 Synthetic Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.4.1 Types of Synthetic Aperture Radiometers --- 4.6.4.1.1 Mills Cross --- 4.6.4.1.2 Synthetic Aperture Radiometers using Matched Filtering --- 4.6.4.1.3 Synthetic Aperture Radiometers using Fourier Synthesis --- 4.6.4.1.3.1 1D Synthetic Aperture Radiometers: Array Thinning --- 4.6.4.1.3.2 2D Synthetic Aperture Radiometers: Array Topologies --- 4.6.4.1.3.3 Other Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Concepts --- 4.6.4.2 Radiometer Calibration --- 4.6.4.2.1 Internal Calibration --- 4.6.4.2.2 External Calibration --- 4.6.4.3 Image Reconstruction --- 4.6.4.4 ESA's SMOS Mission and the MIRAS Instrument --- 4.6.5 Future Trends in Microwave Radiometers --- 4.7 Study Questions --- 5 - RADAR --- 5.1 A COMPACT INTRODUCTION TO RADAR THEORY --- 5.1.1 REMOTE RANGING --- 5.1.2 DOPPLER ANALYSIS --- 5.2 RADAR SCATTERING --- 5.2.1 RADAR FREQUENCY BANDS --- 5.2.2 NORMALIZATIONS OF THE RADAR REFLECTIVITY --- 5.2.3 POINT VERSUS DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS --- 5.2.4 SPECKLE, MULTILOOK, AND RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION --- 5.2.5 RADAR EQUATION --- 5.2.6 RADAR WAVES AT AN INTERFACE --- 5.2.7 MULTIPLE REFLECTIONS: DOUBLE BOUNCE, TRIPLE BOUNCE, AND URBAN AREAS --- 5.2.8 BACKSCATTERING OF SURFACES --- 5.2.9 PERIODIC SCATTERING: THE BRAGG MODEL --- 5.2.10 BACKSCATTERING OF VOLUMES --- 5.2.11 OVERALL SUMMARY OF RADAR BACKSCATTER --- 5.2.12 DEPOLARIZATION OF RADAR WAVES --- 5.3 RADAR SYSTEMS --- 5.3.1 RANGE-DOPPLER RADARS --- 5.3.2 OPTIMAL RECEIVER FOR A SINGLE ECHO: THE MATCHED FILTER --- 5.3.3 MATCHED FILTER VERSUS INVERSE FILTER --- 5.3.4 OPTIMAL RECEIVER FOR RANGE-DOPPLER RADAR ECHOES: THE BACKPROJECTION OPERATOR --- 5.3.5 RADAR WAVEFORMS --- 5.3.6 A PARADIGMATIC EXAMPLE: LINEAR FREQUENCY MODULATED PULSES (CHIRPS) --- 5.3.7 GEOMET

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. Observing Behavior ; 3 Asking Questions ; 4. Running Experiments ; 5. Creating Mass Collaboration ; 6. Ethics ; 7. The Future

Note: Abstract Preface Introduction Tests Test specimens Test methods Results Impact strength of beanms Ductility of beams Effect of notched bars Elastic deflection of beams Impact tests on rebars Conclusions and summary Literature cited Appendix A: Beam crack patterns Appendix B: Photomicrographs of failure surfaces of some steels

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Non-melting heat transfer relations for horizontal surfaces Heat transfer for melting horizontal ice sheets Instrument setup, data acquisition and test procedures General Instrumentation Data acquisition Computer software Test procedures Data output from computer Equations used for data analysis Control volume and melting surface Control of variables Error analysis Experimental results and discussion Wave formation Temperature and velocity profiles in open channel flow Correlation of data Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Conversion equations for data acquisition equipment Appendix B: Computer code for data acquisition and analysis Appendix C: Typical test output Appendix D: Thermal properties of water and ice Appendix E: Error analysis Appendix F: Summary of test conditions Appendix G: Experimental data and calculated quantities, with inlet length

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Background Present research in perspective Explanations of the grain-size dependency Grain size effects on the ductile to brittle transition Nucleation mechanisms and modeling Characteristic size of nucleated crack Cracking in ice Detection of internal fracturing by acoustic emission techniques Test methods Specimen preparation Creep testing apparatus Crack length and crack density measurements Crack healing measurements Thin section photographs Grain size determination Acquisition of acoustic emission data Presentation of results Specimen characteristics Microcrack measurements Creep behavior Crack healing Slip plane length distribution Acoustic emission observations Grain orientation Analysis and discussion Thick section observations The grain size vs crack size relationship Crack nucleation condition Crack density and specimen strain Creep behavior Normalized crack length Location of cracks Acoustic emission activity Summary and conclusions Suggestions for future work Literature cited Appendix A: Crack length histograms Appendix B: Crystal orientations

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Aerodynamically rough surface Aerodynamically smooth surface Scalar transfer coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Materials and methods Sites and site preparation Results and discussion Lake Morey Post Pond Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Study objectives and field locale Study site Equipment Vehicles Drilling equipment Sampling equipment Geophysical equipment Shelter and icing control Surveying equipment Miscellaneous equipment Field techniques and methodology Logistics Drilling procedures Data collection Geophysical analyses Experiences summary Morphology, transport and hydraulic data Mid-winter physical characteristics Hydraulic characteristics Sediment transport Late winter physical characteristics Seasonal morphology Geophysical data interpretation Spatial morphology Frazil ice characteristics Discussion and conclusions Recommendations Equipment Research Literature cited

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction and summary, 2. Resource use in an urbanizing world, 3. Agropolis – the city in its local landscape, 4. Living in Petropolis, 5. Cities and entropy, 6. The urban metabolism, 7. From Petropolis to Ecopolis, 8. Case studies

Note: Machine generated contents note: 1. The foundations of EU environmental law: history, aims and context; 2. Actors and instruments; 3. Principles in EU environmental law; 4. Techniques of regulating the environment; 5. Environmental rights in Europe; 6. Public enforcement of EU environmental law; 7. Private enforcement of EU environmental law; 8. Climate change; 9. Air pollution and industrial emissions; 10. EU water law; 11. Impact assessment; 12. Nature and biodiversity protection; 13. Technological risk regulation: chemicals, genetically modified organisms and nanotechnology; 14. Waste

Note: Contents: Climate Change Adaptation in North America: A Short Review of Priorities ; Climate Adaptation Management in Rural and Urban Areas ; Community Deliberation to Build Local Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation: The Rural Climate Dialogues Program ; A Participatory Process to Design Climate Change Adaptation Measures for the Carmen-Pajonal-Machona Lagoon System in Mexico ; Experimentalist Regional Governance for Climate Change Adaptation: A Canadian Case Study ; The Participative Action Research Approach to Climate Change Adaptation in Atlantic Canadian Coastal Communities ; Recent Harm, Problematic Impacts, and Socially Feasible Adaptation Options to Heatwaves and Heavy Rain Events in New York City ; Climate Change and the Built Environment ; A Critical Discussion on the Roles of Institutions on Ports’ Adaptation to the Impacts Posed by Climate Change ; Beyond Restoration: Planting Coastal Infrastructure ; COREDAR for Cities: Developing a Capacity Building Tool for Sea-Level Rise Risk Communication and Urban Community-Based Adaptation ; Conflicts and Synergies: Adaptation, Resilience and Multi-hazard Mitigation ; A Region Under Threat? Climate Change Impacts, Institutional Change and Response of Local Communities in Coastal Yucatán ; Designing for Future Uncertainties: Comparative Studies of Two Adaptive Strategies in Urban Design in New York and Sweden ; Designing with Risk: Balancing Global Risk and Project Risks ; Coping with Higher Sea Levels and Increased Coastal Flooding in New York City ; Building an Adaptation Tool for Visualizing the Coastal Impacts of Climate Change on Prince Edward Island, Canada ; Information, Communication, Education and Training on Climate Change ; Effective Public Service Communication Networks for Climate Change Adaptation ; Speaking Out or Staying Quiet on Climate Change: Broadcast Meteorologists Influenced by the Need to Be Pithy, Popular and Politically Cautious ; Climate Change, Planning and Health and Examples from Other Regions ; Urban Planning to Prevent Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Caribbean ; Mental Health Impacts of Droughts: Lessons for the U.S. from Australia ; Linking Science and Policy on Climate Change: The Case of Coquimbo Region, Chile ; Selection Support Framework Fostering Resilience Based on Neighbourhood Typologies ; Final Considerations ; A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective on the Factors Shaping North American Adaptation Research

Note: Text auf Englisch, Vorwort auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch, Zusammenfassung auf Englisch.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Table of contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Abbreviations and Nomenclature 1. Introduction 1.1 Scientific Background 1.1.1 Climate and Permafrost 1.1.2 Remote Sensing 1.1.3 Research Questions 1.2 General Approach 1.3 Thesis Structure 1.4 Author’ s contributions 1.4.1 Chapter 2 1.4.2 Chapter 3 1.4.3 Chapter 4 1.4.4 Chapter 5 1.4.5 Appendix Paper 1 2. Detection of landscape dynamics in the Arctic Lena Delta withtemporally dense Landsat time-series Stacks 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study Area and Data 2.3.1 Study Area 2.3.2 Data 2.3.3 Methods/processing 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Regional Scale changes 2.4.2 Local scale changes 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Regional scale changes 2.5.2 Local scale changes 2.5.3 Data quality 2.5.4 Data usage and outlook 2.6 Conclusion 2.7 Data Archive 2.8 Acknowledgements 2.9 Appendix A. Supplementary Data 3. Landsat-Based Trend Analysis of Lake Dynamics across NorthernPermafrost Regions 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study Sites 3.3.1 Alaska North Slope (NSL) 3.3.2 Alaska Kobuk-Selawik Lowlands (AKS) 3.3.3 Central Yakutia (CYA) 3.3.4 Kolyma Lowland (KOL) 3.4 Data and Methods 3.4.1 Data and Trend Analysis 3.4.2 Pixel-Based Machine-Leaming Classification 3.4.3 Object-Based Image Analysis 3.4.4 Data Quality and Post-Processing 3.4.5 Calculation of Lake Change Statistics 3.5 Results 3.5.1 NSL (Alaska North Slope) 3.5.2 AKS (Alaska Kobuk-Selawik Lowlands) 3.5.3 CYA (Central Yakutia) 3.5.4 KOL (Kolyma Lowland) 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Data Analysis 3.6.2 Comparison of Sites and Prior Studies 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 Supplementary Materials 3.9 Acknowledgements 3.10 Appendix A 4. Remotely sensing recent permafrost region disturbances across Arcticto Subarctic transects 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Lakes 4.3.2 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 4.3.3 Wildfire 4.4 Discussion 4.5 Methods 4.5.1 Remote Sensing Data Processing 4.5.2 Auxiliary Data Sources 5. Tundra landform and Vegetation productivity trend maps for theArctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Background & Summary 5.3 Methods 5.3.1 Polygonal tundra geomorphology mapping 5.3.2 Image processing 5.3.3 Image Classification 5.3.4 Decadal scale NDVI trend analysis 5.4 Data Records 5.5 Technical Validation 5.5.1 Tundra Geomorphology Map 5.5.2 NDVI Trend Map 5.6 Data Citation 6. Discussion/Synthesis 6.1 Landsat-based trend analysis 6.1.1 Spatial Scale 6.1.2 Time series analysis 6.1.3 Model complexity 6.2 Mapping of permafrost landscape dynamics 6.2.1 Lake dynamics 6.2.2 Wildfire 6.2.3 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 6.3 Pan-arctic scale distribution and consequences of changes inpermafrost 6.4 Outlook Bibliography A-1. Appendix: Reduced arctic tundra productivity linked with landform and climate change interactions A-1.1 Abstract A-1.2 Introduction A-1.3 Methods A-1.4 Results A-1.5 Discussion Danksagung/Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung

Note: Contents: Part I. Economics and the Environment: 1. Environmental economics and the theory of externalities ; 2. Environmental problems and policy issues ; 3. Introduction to the theory of environmental policy ; Part II. The Design of Environmental Policy: 4. Imperfect information ; 5. Competitive output markets ; 6. Non-competitive output markets ; 7. Environmental policy with pre-existing distortions ; 8. Institutional topics in cap and trade programs ; 9. Ambient pollution control ; 10. Liability ; 11. Innovation and adoption of new technology ; 12. International environmental problems ; 13. Accumulating pollutants ; Part III. Valuing the Environment: 14. Theory of applied welfare analysis ; 15. Revealed preference models ; 16. Discrete choice models ; 17. Recreation ; 18. Property value models ; 19. Stated preference methods ; 20. Health valuation ; Part IV. The Practice of Environmental Economics: 21. Cost-benefit analysis: modeling ; 22. Cost-benefit analysis: empirical ; 23. Final thoughts.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sampling of test section Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Natural subgrade material Test soils Field tests Analysis of field-loading tests Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix 8: Ground temperatures prevailing during plate-loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPAV