ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Recent advancements in the understanding of mountain belts have focused on vertical coupling of the lithospheric layers. This volume describes the extent to which observed or inferred sub-horizontal coupling or attachment zones provide vertical kinematic linkage between rheologically distinct layers in the continental lithosphere. A common theme is whether the deformation, which partitioned differently in each layer, is linked kinematically across attachment zones and driven by flow in the deeper crust and mantle lithosphere. The papers are divided into six sections. The first analyses the extent to which mantle flow controls deformation of the overlying layers. The Vertical axis block rotations section uses geological and palaeomagnetic data to constrain the role and magnitude of basal shear across mid-crustal attachment zones. The Lower crustal flow and topography section addresses the time-dependent development of orogenic plateaux and their role in the orogenic cycle. Multiple examples of the spatial and temporal development of lithospheric coupling are given in both the Orogenic examples and Subduction examples sections. Finally, rheological constraints of vertical coupling in the lithosphere are investigated.

Description / Table of Contents: From the 1960s onwards, the Old Red Sandstone of both borders of the Atlantic Ocean has acted as a test-bed for the development of new ideas on the interpretation of fluvial, lacustrine and aeolian sedimentary rocks, and the investigation of tectonically-active basins. Much of the earlier reconnaissance work is now being reviewed in the light of further detailed field study, along with new developments in the understanding of the biostratigraphy, palaeobiology, geochronology, pedogenesis and tectonics. Three general papers review recent work on the stratigraphical and chronological analysis of the Late Silurian, Devonian and Early Carboniferous strata, and summarize present understanding of the tectonics of the basins. These are then followed by twenty-seven contributions covering new work in Eastern USA, Canada, Ireland, Britain, Norway, Greenland and Spitsbergen.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a collection of papers, with an introduction, concerning the consequences of organism-environment interactions for modern and ancient carbonate platform systems. They arise from the 1999 Lyell Meeting on ‘Organism-Environment Feedbacks in Carbonate Platforms and Reefs’. The papers presented here provide an integrated view of carbonate platforms, emphasizing dynamic interactions at all hierarchical levels and revealing the limitations of uniformitarian analogy in biotically influenced sedimentary systems. Selected case studies from around the world illustrate aspects ranging from the genesis of growth fabrics to changing patterns of carbonate platform development. The text will be of interest to sedimentologists, palaeontologists and marine ecologists alike.

Description / Table of Contents: Research into the orogenic processes that shaped the continental crust of Europe has a long-standing tradition. Why the need to quantify and model? It is not just satisfactory to identify subduction zones, accretionary prisms, island arcs, extensional collapse and other standard items of the geodynamic menu. Such interpretations need to be quantified: extent and composition of subducted crust, angle and speed of subduction, amount and composition olmelts produced, heat sources for metamorphism. All such interpretations have to conform to first principles, and also to stand the test of quantitative balancing - a concept first developed for the conservation of length or volume in tectonic cross sections. Also in other fields, the correlation of causes and effects and the internal consistency of dynamic models requires a numerical approach. The present volume combines review articles with reports on recent progress in an attempt to address these aims. There is a foldout map of the region, which locates the main areas of outcrop and tectono-stratigraphic units, and a reassesment of the Palaeozoic time scale permits correlation of tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic events with the sedimentary record of the upper crust.

Description / Table of Contents: Sustainable development of groundwater resources is a key environmental and social issue for the future. To manage groundwater resources efficiently it is necessary to include protection of springs, river flows and water levels dependent on groundwater discharges, while concurrently maintaining abstractions for water supply and economic benefit. Obtaining this balance between human and environmental needs, and protecting valuable groundwater resources from over-exploitation and pollution, presents a challenge to hydrogeologists that is reflected in the approaches and case studies contained in this volume. This volume should be of interest to researchers, regulators and practitioners in hydrogeology as well as postgraduate students following courses in hydrogeology, water resources engineering and environmental management.

Description / Table of Contents: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main compound identified as affecting the stability of the Earth's climate. A significant reduction in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is a key mechanism for mitigating climate change. Geological storage of CO 2, or the injection and long-term stabilization of large volumes of CO 2 in the subsurface in saline aquifers, in existing hydrocarbon reservoirs or in unmineable coal seams, is one of the more technologically advanced options available. A number of studies have been carried out and are reported here. They are aimed at understanding the safety, physical and chemical behaviour and long-term fate of CO 2 when stored in geological formations. Until efficient, alternative energy options can be developed, geological storage of CO 2, the subject of this volume, provides a mechanism to reduce carbon emissions significantly whilst continuing to meet the global demand for energy.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a state of the art look at our understanding of joint development in the crust. Answers are provided for such questions as the mechanisms by which joints are initiated, the factors controlling the path they follow during the propagation process, and the processes responsible for the arrest of joints. Many of the answers to these questions can be inferred from the geometry of joint surface morphology and joint patterns. Joints are a record of the orientation of stress at the time of propagation and as such they are also useful records of ancient stress fields, regional and local. Because outcrop and subsurface views of joints are limited, statistical techniques are required to characterize joints and joint sets. Finally, joints are subject to post-propagation stresses that further localize deformation and are the focus for the development of new structures.

Description / Table of Contents: The Cretaceous submarine Ontong Java Plateau, in the western Pacific Ocean, is the most volumnous of the world's large igneous provinces(LIPs), and represents the largest known magmatic event on Earth. LIPs are the products of basaltic volcanism on a scale and at an effusion rate not seen on Earth at the present time, and their formation may have had significant effects on the Earth's climate and biosphere. The currently favoured explanation for LIP formation is the rapid decompression and melting of anomalously hot mantle in the heads of newly ascended mantle plumes. This volume summarizes the results of research aimed principally at testing the plume-head hypothesis for the formation of the Ontong Java Plateau, and presents the results of integrated studies following recent basement drilling on the plateau by the Ocean Drilling Program Nineteen papers cover topics as diverse as petrology, geochemistry, tectonics, volcanology, paleomagnatism and biostratigraphy.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / John Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, vi, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.01 --- 200 years of British hydrogeology — an introduction and overview / J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 1-13, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.02 --- The water-related work of William Smith (1769–1839) / H. S. Torrens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 15-30, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.03 --- Dr John Snow and an early investigation of groundwater contamination / Michael Price / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 31-49, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.04 --- William Whitaker (1836–1925) — geologist, bibliographer and a pioneer of British hydrogeology / William H. George / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 51-65, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.05 --- Joseph Lucas (1846–1926) — Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology / J. D. Mather, H. S. Torrens and K. J. Lucas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 67-88, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.06 --- 19th century studies of the hydrogeology of the Permo-Triassic Sandstones of the northern Cheshire Basin, England / John H. Tellam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 89-105, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.07 --- Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) — the first groundwater engineer / M. Preene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 107-119, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.08 --- ‘Making water’: the hydrogeological adventures of Britain’s early mining engineers / Paul L. Younger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 121-157, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.09 --- The contribution of geologists to the development of emergency groundwater supplies by the British army / Edward P. F. Rose / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 159-182, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.10 --- Groundwater versus surface water in Scotland and Ireland — the formative years / N. S. Robins, J. R. P. Bennett and K. T. Cullen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 183-191, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.11 --- Bath thermal waters: 400 years in the history of geochemistry and hydrogeology / W. Mike Edmunds / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 193-199, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.12 --- Chalybeate springs at Tunbridge Wells: site of a 17th-century new town / J. G. C. M. Fuller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 201-212, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.13 --- The Scottish hydropathic establishments and their use of groundwater / Iain Spence and Nick Robins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 213-217, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.14 --- British hydrogeologists in North Africa and the Middle East: an historical perspective / J. W. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 219-227, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.15 --- British hydrogeologists in West Africa — an historical evaluation of their role and contribution / Robin Hazell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 229-237, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.16 --- British attempts to develop groundwater and water supply on Gibraltar 1800–1985 / Edward P.F. Rose, John D. Mather and Manuel Perez / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 239-262, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.17 --- The first use of geophysics in borehole siting in hardrock areas of Africa / Ron Barker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 263-269, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.18 --- The development of groundwater in the UK between 1935 and 1965 — the role of the Geological Survey of Great Britain / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 271-282, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.19 --- Jack Ineson (1917–1970) The instigator of quantitative hydrogeology in Britain / R. A. Downing and D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 283-286, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.20 --- Stevenson Buchan (1907–1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator / D. A. Gray and J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 287-293, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.21 --- Groundwater studies in the Institute of Geological Sciences between 1965 and 1977 / D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 295-318, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.22 --- Norman Savage Boulton (1899–1984): civil engineer and groundwater hydrologist / R. A. Downing, W. Eastwood and K. R. Rushton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 319-322, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.23 --- Groundwater in a national water strategy, 1964–1979 / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 323-338, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.24 --- Recollections of a golden age: the groundwater schemes of Southern Water 1970–1990 / H. G. Headworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 339-362, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.25 --- Developments in UK hydrogeology since 1974 / F. C. Brassington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 363-385, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE Sulfate is an abundant and ubiquitous component of Earth’s lithosphere and hydrosphere. Sulfate minerals represent an important component of our mineral economy, the pollution problems in our air and water, the technology for alleviating pollution, and the natural processes that affect the land we utilize. Vast quantities of gypsum are consumed in the manufacture of wallboard, and calcium sulfates are also used in sculpture in the forms of alabaster (gypsum) and papier-mâché (bassanite). For centuries, Al-sulfate minerals, or “alums,” have been used in the tanning and dyeing industries, and these sulfate minerals have also been a minor source of aluminum metal. Barite is used extensively in the petroleum industry as a weighting agent during drilling, and celestine (also known as “celestite”) is a primary source of strontium for the ceramics, metallurgical, glass, and television face-plate industries. Jarosite is a major waste product of the hydrometallurgical processing of zinc ores and is used in agriculture to reduce alkalinity in soils. At many mining sites, the extraction and processing of coal or metal-sulfide ores (largely for gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc) produce waste materials that generate acid-sulfate waters rich in heavy metals, commonly leading to contamination of water and sediment. Concentrated waters associated with mine wastes may precipitate a variety of metal-sulfate minerals upon evaporation, oxidation, or neutralization. Some of these sulfate minerals are soluble and store metals and acidity only temporarily, whereas others are insoluble and improve water quality by removing metals from the water column. There is considerable scientific interest in the mineralogy and geochemistry of sulfate minerals in both high-temperature (igneous and hydrothermal) and low-temperature (weathering and evaporite) environments. The physical scale of processes affected by aqueous sulfate and associated minerals spans from submicroscopic reactions at mineral-water interfaces to global issues of oceanic cycling and mass balance, and even to extraterrestrial applications in the exploration of other planets and their satellites. In mineral exploration, minerals of the alunite-jarosite supergroup are recognized as key components of the advanced argillic (acid-sulfate) hydrothermal alteration assemblage, and supergene sulfate minerals can be useful guides to primary sulfide deposits. The role of soluble sulfate minerals formed from acid mine drainage (and its natural equivalent, acid rock drainage) in the storage and release of potentially toxic metals associated with wet-dry climatic cycles (on annual or other time scales) is increasingly appreciated in environmental studies of mineral deposits and of waste materials from mining and mineral processing. This volume compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3). barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high-and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. We thank the authors for their comprehensive and timely efforts, and for their cooperation with our various requests regarding consistency of format and nomenclature. Special thanks are due to the numerous scientists who provided peer reviews, which substantially improved the content of the chapters. This volume would not have been possible without the usual magic touch and extreme patience of Paul H. Ribbe, Series Editor for Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Finally, we thank our families for their support and understanding during the past several months.

Description / Table of Contents: The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on molecular modeling theory jointly sponsored by the Geochemical Society (GS) and the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) May 18-20, 2001 in Roanoke, Virginia which was held prior to the 2001 Goldschmidt Conference in nearby Hot Springs, Virginia. Dr. William C. Luth has had a long and distinguished career in research, education and in the government. He was a leader in experimental petrology and in training graduate students at Stanford University. His efforts at Sandia National Laboratory and at the Department of Energy's headquarters resulted in the initiation and long-term support of many of the cutting edge research projects whose results form the foundations of these short courses. Bill's broad interest in understanding fundamental geochemical processes and their applications to national problems is a continuous thread through both his university and government career. He retired in 1996, but his efforts to foster excellent basic research, and to promote the development of advanced analytical capabilities gave a unique focus to the basic research portfolio in Geosciences at the Department of Energy. He has been, and continues to be, a friend and mentor to many of us. It is appropriate to celebrate his career in education and government service with this series of courses in cutting-edge geochemistry that have particular focus on Department of Energy-related science, at a time when he can still enjoy the recognition of his contributions. Molecular modeling methods have become important tools in many areas of geochemical and mineralogical research. Theoretical methods describing atomistic and molecular-based processes are now commonplace in the geosciences literature and have helped in the interpretation of numerous experimental, spectroscopic, and field observations. Dramatic increases in computer power-involving personal computers, workstations, and massively parallel supercomputers-have helped to increase our knowledge of the fundamental processes in geochemistry and mineralogy. All researchers can now have access to the basic computer hardware and molecular modeling codes needed to evaluate these processes. The purpose of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is to provide the student and professional with a general introduction to molecular modeling methods and a review of various applications of the theory to problems in the geosciences. Molecular mechanics methods that are reviewed include energy minimization, lattice dynamics, Monte Carlo methods, and molecular dynamics. Important concepts of quantum mechanics and electronic structure calculations, including both molecular orbital and density functional theories, are also presented. Applications cover a broad range of mineralogy and geochemistry topics-from atmospheric reactions to fluid-rock interactions to properties of mantle and core phases. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of molecular simulations with experimental data and the synergy that can be generated by using both approaches in tandem. We hope the content of this review volume will help the interested reader to quickly develop an appreciation for the fundamental theories behind the molecular modeling tools and to become aware of the limits in applying these state-of-the-art methods to solve geosciences problems.

Description / Table of Contents: The first half-century of X-ray crystallography, beginning with the elucidation of the sodium chloride structure in 1914, was devoted principally to the determination of increasingly complex atomic topologies at ambient conditions. The pioneering work of the Braggs, Pauling, Wyckoff, Zachariasen and many other investigators revealed the structural details and underlying crystal chemical principles for most rock-forming minerals (see, for example, Crystallography in North America, edited by D. McLachlan and J. P. Glusker, NY, American Crystallographic Association, 1983). These studies laid the crystallographic foundation for modem mineralogy. The past three decades have seen a dramatic expansion of this traditional crystallographic role to the study of the relatively subtle variations of crystal structure as a function of temperature, pressure, or composition. Special sessions on "High temperature crystal chemistry" were first held at the Spring Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (April 19, 1972) and the Ninth International Congress of Crystallography (August 30, 1972). The Mineralogical Society of America subsequently published a special 11-paper section of American Mineralogist entitled "High Temperature Crystal Chemistry," which appeared as Volume 58, Numbers 5 and 6, Part I in July-August, 1973. The first complete three-dimensional structure refinements of minerals at high pressure were completed in the same year on calcite (Merrill and Bassett, Acta Crystallographica B31, 343-349, 1975) and on gillespite (Hazen and Burnham, American Mineralogist 59, 1166-1176, 1974). Rapid advances in the field of non-ambient crystallography prompted Hazen and Finger to prepare the monograph Comparative Crystal Chemistry: Temperature, Pressure, Composition and the Variation of Crystal Structure (New York: Wiley, 1982). At the time, only about 50 publications documenting the three-dimensional variation of crystal structures at high temperature or pressure had been published, though general crystal chemical trends were beginning to emerge. That work, though increasingly out of date, remained in print until recently as the only comprehensive overview of experimental techniques, data analysis, and results for this crystallographic sub-discipline. This Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry volume was conceived as an updated version of Comparative Crystal Chemistry. A preliminary chapter outline was drafted at the Fall 1998 American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco by Ross Angel, Robert Downs, Larry Finger, Robert Hazen, Charles Prewitt and Nancy Ross. In a sense, this volume was seen as a "changing of the guard" in the study of crystal structures at high temperature and pressure. Larry Finger retired from the Geophysical Laboratory in July, 1999, at which time Robert Hazen had shifted his research focus to mineral-mediated organic synthesis. Many other scientists, including most of the authors in this volume, are now advancing the field by expanding the available range of temperature and pressure, increasing the precision and accuracy of structural refinements at non-ambient conditions, and studying ever more complex structures. The principal objective of this volume is to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the field of high-temperature and high-pressure crystal chemistry, both as a guide to the dramatically improved techniques and as a summary of the voluminous crystal chemical literature on minerals at high temperature and pressure. The book is largely tutorial in style and presentation, though a basic knowledge of X-ray crystallographic techniques and crystal chemical principles is assumed. The book is divided into three parts. Part I introduces crystal chemical considerations of special relevance to non-ambient crystallographic studies. Chapter 1 treats systematic trends in the variation of structural parameters, including bond distances, cation coordination, and order-disorder with temperature and pressure, while Chapter 2 considers P-V-T equation-of-state formulations relevant to x-ray structure data. Chapter 3 reviews the variation of thermal displacement parameters with temperature and pressure. Chapter 4 describes a method for producing revealing movies of structural variations with pressure, temperature or composition, and features a series of "flip-book" animations. These animations and other structural movies are also available as a supplement to this volume on the Mineralogical Society of America web site at (http://www.minsocam.orgIMSAlRimlRim41.html). Part II reviews the temperature- and pressure-variation of structures in major mineral groups. Chapter 5 presents crystal chemical systematics of high-pressure silicate structures with six-coordinated silicon. Subsequent chapters highlight temperature- and pressure variations of dense oxides (Chapter 6), orthosilicates (Chapter 7), pyroxenes and other chain silicates (Chapter 8), framework and other rigid-mode structures (Chapter 9), and carbonates (Chapter 10). Finally, the variation of hydrous phases and hydrogen bonding are reviewed in Chapter 11, while molecular solids are summarized in Chapter 12. Part III presents experimental techniques for high-temperature and high-pressure studies of single crystals (Chapters 13 and 14, respectively) and polycrystalline samples (Chapter 15). Special considerations relating to diffractometry on samples at non-ambient conditions are treated in Chapter 16. Tables in these chapters list sources for relevant hardware, including commercially available furnaces and diamond-anvil cells. Crystallographic software packages, including diffractometer operating systems, have been placed on the Mineralogical Society web site for this volume. This volume is not exhaustive and opportunities exist for additional publications that review and summarize research on other mineral groups. A significant literature on the high-temperature and high-pressure structural variation of sulfides, for example, is not covered here. Also missing from this compilation are references to a variety of studies of halides, layered oxide superconductors, metal alloys, and a number of unusual silicate structures.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume was prepared for Short Course on Stable Isotope Geochemistry presented November 2-4, 2001 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts. This volume follows the 1986 Reviews in Mineralogy (Vol. 16) in approach but reflects significant changes in the field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. In terms of new technology, new sub-disciplines, and numbers of researchers, the field has changed more in the past decade than in any other since that of its birth. Unlike the 1986 volume, which was restricted to high temperature fields, this book covers a wider range of disciplines. However, it would not be possible to fit a comprehensive review into a single volume. Our goal is to provide state-ofthe-art reviews in chosen subjects that have emerged or advanced greatly since 1986. v The field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry was born of a good idea and nurtured by technology. In 1947, Harold Urey published his calculated values of reduced partition function for oxygen isotopes and his idea (a good one!) that the fractionation of oxygen isotopes between calcite and water might provide a means to estimate the temperatures of geologic events. Building on wartime advances in electronics, Alfred Nier then designed and built the dual-inlet, gassource mass-spectrometer capable of making measurements of sufficient precision and accuracy. This basic instrument and the associated extraction techniques, mostly from the 1950s, are still in use in many labs today. These techniques have become "conventional" in the sense of traditional, and they provide the benchmark against which the accuracy of other techniques is compared. The 1986 volume was based almost exclusively on natural data obtained solely from conventional techniques. Since then, revolutionary changes in sample size, accuracy, and cost have resulted from advances in continuous flow massspectrometry, laser heating, ion microprobes, and computer automation. The impact of new technology has differed by discipline. Some areas have benefited from vastly enlarged data sets, while others have capitalized on in situ analysis and/or micro- to nanogram size samples, and others have developed because formerly intractable samples can now be analyzed. Just as Stable Isotope Geochemistry is being reborn by new good ideas, it is still being nurtured by new technology. The organization of the chapters in this book follows the didactic approach of the 2001 short course in Boston. The first three chapters present the principles and data base for equilibrium isotope fractionation and for kinetic processes of exchange. Both inorganic and biological aspects are considered. The next chapter reviews isotope compositions throughout the solar system including massindependent fractionations that are increasingly being recognized on Earth. The fifth chapter covers the primitive compositions of the mantle and subtle variations found in basalts. This is followed by three chapters on metamorphism, isotope thermometry, fluid flow, and hydrothermal alteration. The next chapter considers water cycling in the atmosphere and the ice record. And finally, there are four chapters on the carbon cycle, the sulfur cycle, organic isotope geochemistry and extinctions in the geochemical record.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume was produced in response to the need for a comprehensive introduction to the continually evolving state of the art of synchrotron radiation applications in low-temperature geochemistry and environmental science. It owes much to the hard work and imagination of the devoted cadre of sleep-deprived individuals who blazed a trail that many others are beginning to follow. Synchrotron radiation methods have opened new scientific vistas in the earth and environmental sciences, and progress in this direction will undoubtedly continue. The organization of this volume is as follows. Chapter 1 (Brown and Sturchio) gives a fairly comprehensive overview of synchrotron radiation applications in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science. The presentation is organized by synchrotron methods and scientific issues. It also has an extensive reference list that should prove valuable as a starting point for further research. Chapter 2 (Sham and Rivers) describes the ways that synchrotron radiation is generated, including a history of synchrotrons and a discussion of aspects of synchrotron radiation that are important to the experimentalist. The remaining chapters of the volume are organized into two groups. Chapters 3 through 6 describe specific synchrotron methods that are most useful for single-crystal surface and mineral-fluid interface studies. Chapters 7 through 9 describe methods that can be used more generally for investigating complex polyphase fine-grained or amorphous materials, including soils, rocks, and organic matter. Chapter 3 (Fenter) presents the elementary theory of synchrotron X-ray reflectivity along with examples of recent applications, with emphasis on in situ studies of mineral-fluid interfaces. Chapter 4 (Bedzyk and Cheng) summarizes the theory of X-ray standing waves (XSW), the various methods for using XSW in surface and interfaces studies, and gives a brief review of recent applications in geochemistry and mineralogy. Chapter 5 (Waychunas) covers the theory and applications of grazing-incidence X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, with recent examples of studies at mineral surfaces. Chapter 6 (Hirschmugl) describes the theory and applications of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Chapter 7 (Manceau, Marcus, and Tamura) gives background and examples of the combined application of synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence, microdiffraction, and microabsorption spectroscopy in characterizing the distribution and speciation of metals in soils and sediments. Chapter 8 (Sutton, Newville, Rivers, Lanzirotti, Eng, and Bertsch) demonstrates a wide variety of applications of synchrotron X-ray microspectroscopy and microtomography in characterizing earth and environmental materials and processes. Finally, Chapter 9 (Myneni) presents a review of the principles and applications of soft X-ray microspectroscopic studies of natural organic materials. All of these chapters review the state of the art of synchrotron radiation applications in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, and offer speculations on future developments. The reader of this volume will acquire an appreciation of the theory and applications of synchrotron radiation in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, as well as the significant advances that have been made in this area in the past two decades (especially since the advent of the third-generation synchrotron sources). We hope that this volume will inspire new users to "see the light" and pursue their research using the potent tool of synchrotron radiation.

Description / Table of Contents: The scientific discoveries that have been made with noble gas geochemistry are of such a profound and fundamental nature that earth science textbooks should be full of examples. Surprisingly, this really is not so. The "first discoveries" include presolar components in our _ solar system, extinct radionuclides, primordial volatiles in the Earth, the degassing history of Mars, secular changes in the solar wind, reliable present day mantle degassing fluxes, the fluxes of extraterrestrial material to Earth, groundwater paleotemperatures and the ages of the oldest landscapes on Earth. Noble gas geochemistry has scored so many such "firsts" or "home runs" that it should permeate a lot of earth science thinking and teaching. Yet rather surprisingly it does not. Noble gas geochemistry also is a broader and more versatile field than almost any other area of geochemistry. It pervades cosmochemistry, Earth sciences, ocean sciences, climate studies and environmental sciences. Yet most modern Earth, planetary and environmental science departments do not consider noble gas geochemistry to be at the top of their list in terms of hiring priorities these days. Furthermore, with the exception of Ar geochronologists, noble gas geochemists are a surprisingly rare breed. Why is the above the case? Perhaps the reasons lie in the nature of the field itself. First, although noble gas geochemists work on big problems, the context of their data is often woefully under-constrained so that it becomes hard to make progress beyond the first order fundamental discoveries. Noble gas data are often difficult to interpret. Although some concepts are straightforward and striking in their immediate implications (e.g. mantle 3He in the oceans), others are to this day shrouded in lack of clarity. The simple reason for this is that in many situations it is only the noble gases that offer any real insights at all and the context of other constraints simply does not exist. Some examples of the big issues being addressed by noble gases are as follows and I have deliberately posed these as major unresolved questions that only exist because noble gas geochemistry has opened windows through which to view large-scale issues and processes that otherwise would be obscure. (1) Is the presolar noble gas component present in a tiny fraction of submicroscopic meteoritic C or is it ubiquitously distributed? (2) How did solar noble gases get incorporated into the Earth? (3) How did solar noble gases survive the protracted accretion of the Earth via giant impacts? (4) What is the origin of the noble gas pattern in the Earth's atmosphere? (5) Why are the Earth and Mars almost opposites in terms of the relative isotopic differences between atmosphere and mantle? (6) What is the Eresent source of Earth's primordial helium? Can we ignore the core? (7) What is the 2~e/ 2Ne of the mantle, how was it acquired and why is it different from the atmosphere? (8) How does one reconcile the stronlJ fractionation in terrestrial Xe with data for other noble gases? (9) How much radiogenic Ar should the Earth have? How well do we know KIU? (10) Are the light isotopes of Xe the same in the mantle and the atmosphere? If not, why not? (11) How are noble gases transported through the creeping solid earth? (12) How does one explain the heat - helium paradox? (13) How incompatible are the noble gases during melting? (14) How are atmospheric components incorporated into volcanic samples? (15) How are the excess air components incorporated into groundwater? (16) Why are continental noble gas paleotemperature records offset from oceanic temperature records? Noble gas data tell us that the Earth and solar system represent very complex environments. When we make our simple first order conclusions and models we are only at the tip of the iceberg of discoveries that are needed to arrive at a thorough understanding of the behavior of volatiles in the solar system. Who wants to hear that things are complicated? Who wants to hire in a field that will involve decades of data acquisition and analysis in order to sort out the solar system? Sadly, too few these days. This is the stuff of deep scientific giants and bold, technically difficult long-term research programs. It is not for those who prefer superficiality and quick, glamorous, slick answers. Noble gas geochemists work in many areas where progress is slow and difficult even though the issues are huge. This probably plays a part in the limited marketability of noble gas geochemistry to the nonspecialist. Second, noble gases is a technically difficult subject. That is, noble gas geochemists need to be adept 11t technique development and this has to include skills acquired through innovation in the lab. Nobody can learn this stuff merely with a book or practical guide. Reading Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (by Robert Pirsig) would give you a clearer picture. This magnificent MSA-GS volume is going to be enormously useful but on its own it won't make anybody into a noble gas geochemist. Although the mass spectrometry principles are not complex, the tricks involved in getting better data are often self taught or passed on by working with individuals who themselves are pushing the boundaries further. Furthermore, much of the exciting new science is linked with technical developments that allow us to move beyond the current measurement capabilities. Be they better crushing devices, laser resonance time of flight, multiple collection or compressor sources - the technical issues are central to progress. Lastly, noble gas geochemists need a broad range of other skills in order to make progress. They have to be good at mass spectrometry as already stated. However, nowadays they also need to be able to understand fields as different as mantle geochemistry, stellar evolution, cosmochemistry, crustal fluids, oceanography and glaciology. They are kind of "Renaissance" individuals. Therefore, if you are thinking broadly about hiring scientists who love science and stand a good chance of making a major difference to our understanding of the solar system, earth and its environment - I would recommend you hire a really good noble gas geochemist. However, the results may take a while. If you want somebody who will crank out papers at high speed and quickly increase the publication numbers of your department then you may need to think about somebody else. The two are not mutually exclusive but think hard about what is really important. There was no short course associated with this volume, although an attempt was undertaken to get the volume printed in time for the V. M. Goldschmidt conference in Davos, Switzerland (mid-August 2002) at which there was a major symposium on noble gases.

Description / Table of Contents: Exactly 100 years before the publication of this volume, the first paper which calculated the half-life for the newly discovered radioactive substance U-X (now called 234Th), was published. Now, in this volume, the editors Bernard Bourdon, Gideon Henderson, Craig Lundstrom and Simon Turner have integrated a group of contributors who update our knowledge of U-series geochemistry, offer an opportunity for non-specialists to understand its basic principles, and give us a view of the future of this active field of research. In this volume, for the first time, all the methods for determining the uranium and thorium decay chain nuclides in Earth materials are discussed. It was prepared in advance of a two-day short course (April 3-4, 2003) on U-series geochemistry, jointly sponsored by GS and MSA and presented in Paris, France prior to the joint EGS/AGU/EUG meeting in Nice. The discovery of the 238U decay chain, of course, started with the seminal work of Marie Curie in identifying and separating 226Ra. Through the work of the Curies and others, all the members of the 238U decay chain were identified. An important milestone for geochronometrists was the discovery of 230Th (called Ionium) by Bertram Boltwood, the Yale scientist who also made the first age determinations on minerals using the U-Pb dating method (Boltwood in 1906 established the antiquity of rocks and even identified a mineral from Sri Lanka-then Ceylon as having an age of 2.1 billion years!) The application of the 238U decay chain to the dating of deep sea sediments was by Piggott and Urry in 1942 using the "Ionium" method of dating. Actually they measured 222Ra (itself through 222Rn) assuming secular equilibrium had been established between 230Th and 226Ra. Although 230Th was measured in deep sea sediments by Picciotto and Gilvain in 1954 using photographic emulsions, it was not until alpha spectrometry was developed in the late 1950's that 20Th was routinely measured in marine deposits. Alpha spectrometry and gamma spectrometry became the work horses for the study of the uranium and thorium decay chains in a variety of Earth materials. These ranged from 222Rn and its daughters in the atmosphere, to the uranium decay chain nuclides in the oceanic water column, and volcanic rocks and many other systems in which either chronometry or element partitioning, were explored. Much of what we learned about the 238U, 235U and 232Th decay chain nuclides as chronometers and process indicators we owe to these seminal studies based on the measurement of radioactivity. The discovery that mass spectrometry would soon usurp many of the tasks performed by radioactive counting was in itself serendipitous. It came about because a fundamental issue in cosmochemistry was at stake. Although variation in 235U/238U had been reported for meteorites the results were easily discredited as due to analytical difficulties. One set of results, however, was published by a credible laboratory long involved in quality measurements of high mass isotopes such as the lead isotopes. The purported discovery of 235U/238U variations in meteorites, if true, would have consequences in defining the early history of the formation of the elements and the development of inhomogeneity of uranium isotopes in the accumulation of the protoplanetary materials of the Solar System. Clearly the result was too important to escape the scrutiny of falsification implicit in the way we do science. The Lunatic Asylum at Caltech under the leadership of Jerry Wasserburg took on that task. Jerry Wasserburg and Jim Chen clearly established the constancy and Earth-likeness of 235U/238U in the samplable universe. In the hands of another member of the Lunatic Asylum, Larry Edwards, the methodology was transformed into a tool for the study of the 238U decay chain in marine systems. Thus the mass spectrometric techniques developed provided an approach to measuring the U and Th isotopes in geological materials as well as cosmic materials with the same refinement and accommodation for small sample size. Soon after this discovery the harnessing of the technique to the measurement of all the U isotopes and all the Th isotopes with great precision immediately opened up the entire field of uranium and thorium decay chain studies. This area of study was formerly the poaching ground for radioactive measurements alone but now became part of the wonderful world of mass spectrometric measurements. (The same transformation took place for radiocarbon from the various radioactive counting schemes to accelerator mass spectrometry.) No Earth material was protected from this assault. The refinement of dating corals, analyzing volcanic rocks for partitioning and chronometer studies and extensions far and wide into ground waters and ocean bottom dwelling organisms has been the consequence of this innovation. Although Ra isotopes, 210Pb and 210Po remain an active pursuit of those doing radioactive measurements, many of these nuclides have also become subject to the mass spectrometric approach. In this volume, for the first time, all the methods for determining the uranium and thorium decay chain nuclides in Earth materials are discussed. The range of problems solvable with this approach is remarkable-a fitting, tribute to the Curies and the early workers who discovered them for us to use.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume highlights some of the frontiers in the study of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks. The research into the plastic properties of minerals and rocks had a major peak in late 1960s to early 1970s, largely stimulated by research in the laboratory of D. T. Griggs and his students and associates. It is the same time when the theory of plate tectonics was established and provided a first quantitative theoretical framework for understanding geological processes. The theory of plate tectonics stimulated the study of deformation properties of Earth materials, both in the brittle and the ductile regimes. Many of the foundations of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks were established during this period. Also, new experimental techniques were developed, including deformation apparatus for high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, electron micros-copy study of defects in minerals, and the X-ray technique of deformation fabric analysis. The field benefited greatly from materials science concepts of deformation that were introduced, including the models of point defects and their interaction with dislocations. A summary of progress is given by the volume Flow and Fracture of Rocks: The Griggs Volume, published in 1972 by the American Geophysical Union. Since then, the scope of Earth sciences has greatly expanded. Geodynamics became concerned with the Earth's deep interior where seismologists discovered heterogeneities and anisotropy at all scales that were previously thought to be typical of the crust and the upper mantle. Investigations of the solar system documented new mineral phases and rocks far beyond the Earth. Both domains have received a lot of attention from mineralogists (e.g., summarized in MSA's Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 36, Planetary Materials and Volume 37, Ultra-High Pressure Mineralogy). Most attention was directed towards crystal chemistry and phase relations, yet an understanding of the deformation behavior is essential for interpreting the dynamic geological processes from geological and geophysical observations. This was largely the reason for a rebirth of the study of rock plasticity, leading to new approaches that include experiments at extreme conditions and modeling of deformation behavior based on physical principles. A wide spectrum of communities emerged that need to use information about mineral plasticity, including mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, seismology, geodynamics and engineering. This was the motivation to organize a workshop, in December 2002 in Emeryville, California, to bridge the very diverse disciplines and facilitate communication. This volume written for this workshop should help one to become familiar with a notoriously difficult subject, and the various contributions represent some of the important progress that has been achieved. The spectrum is broad. High-resolution tomographic images of Earth's interior obtained from seismology need to be interpreted on the bases of materials properties to understand their geodynamic significance. Key issues include the influence of deformation on seismic signatures, such as attenuation and anisotropy, and a new generation of experimental and theoretical studies on rock plasticity has contributed to a better understanding. Extensive space exploration has revealed a variety of tectonic styles on planets and their satellites, underlining the uniqueness of the Earth. To understand why plate tectonics is unique to Earth, one needs to understand the physical mechanisms of localization of deformation at various scales and under different physical conditions. Also here important theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted. In both fields, studies on anisotropy and shear localization, large-strain deformation experiments and quantitative modeling are critical, and these have become available only recently. Complicated interplay among chemical reactions (including partial melting) is a key to understand the evolution of Earth. This book contains two chapters on the developments of new techniques of experimental studies: one is large-strain shear deformation (Chapter 1 by Mackwell and Paterson) and another is deformation experiments under ultrahigh pressures (Chapter 2 by Durham et al.). Both technical developments are the results of years of efforts that are opening up new avenues of research along which rich new results are expected to be obtained. Details of physical and chemical processes of deformation in the crust and the upper mantle are much better understood through the combination of well controlled laboratory experiments with observations on "real" rocks deformed in Earth. Chapter 3 by Tullis and Chapter 4 by Hirth address the issues of deformation of crustal rocks and the upper mantle, respectively. In Chapter 5 Kohlstedt reviews the interplay of partial melting and deformation, an important subject in understanding the chemical evolution of Earth. Cordier presents in Chapter 6 an overview of the new results of ultrahigh pressure deformation of deep mantle minerals and discusses microscopic mechanisms controlling the variation of deformation mechanisms with minerals in the deep mantle. Green and Marone review in Chapter 7 the stability of deformation under deep mantle conditions with special reference to phase transformations and their relationship to the origin of intermediate depth and deep-focus earthquakes. In Chapter 8 Schulson provides a detailed description of fracture mechanisms of ice, including the critical brittle-ductile transition that is relevant not only for glaciology, planetology and engineering, but for structural geology as well. In Chapter 9 Cooper provides a review of experimental and theoretical studies on seismic wave attenuation, which is a critical element in interpreting distribution of seismic wave velocities and attenuation. Chapter 10 by Wenk reviews the relationship between crystal preferred orientation and macroscopic anisotropy, illustrating it with case studies. In Chapter 11 Dawson presents recent progress in poly-crystal plasticity to model the development of anisotropic fabrics both at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Such studies form the basis for geodynamic interpretation of seismic anisotropy. Finally, in Chapter 12 Montagner and Guillot present a thorough review of seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle covering the vast regions of geodynamic interests, using a global surface wave data set. In Chapter 13 Bercovici and Karato summarize the theoretical aspects of shear localization. All chapters contain extensive reference lists to guide readers to the more specialized literature. Obviously this book does not cover all the areas related to plastic deformation of minerals and rocks. Important topics that are not fully covered in this book include mechanisms of semi-brittle deformation and the interplay between microstructure evolution and deformation at different levels, such as dislocation substructures and grain-size evolution ("self-organization"). However, we hope that this volume provides a good introduction for graduate students in Earth science or materials science as well as the researchers in these areas to enter this multidisciplinary field.

Description / Table of Contents: Until only a few years ago, I would never have imagined that a volume on the stable isotope geochemistry of elements like Mg, Fe or Cu would be written. In fact, a comic book of blank pages entitled The Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Fluorine would have been a more likely prospect. In volume 16 of this series, published in 1986, I wrote: Isotopic variations have been looked for but not found for heavy elements like Cu, Sn, and Fe .... Natural variations in isotopic ratios of terrestrial materials have been reported for other light elements like Mg and K, but such variations usually turn out to be laboratory artifacts. I am about ready to eat those words. We have known for many years that large isotopic fractionations of heavy elements like Pb develop in the source regions of TIMS machines. Nonetheless, most of us held fast to the conventional wisdom that no significant mass-dependent isotopic fractionations were likely to occur in natural or laboratory systems for elements that are either heavy or engaged in bonds with a dominant ionic character. With the relatively recent appearance of new instrumentation like MC-ICP-MS and heroic methods development in TIMS analyses, it became possible to make very precise measurements of the isotopic ratios of some of these non-traditional elements, particularly if they comprise three or more isotopes. It was eminently reasonable to reexamine these systems in this new light. Perhaps atomic weights could be refined, or maybe there were some unexpected isotopic variations to discover. There were around the turn of the present century, reports began appearing of biological fractionations of about 2-3 per mil for heavy elements like Fe and Cr and attempts were made to determine the magnitude of equilibrium isotope effects in these systems, both by experiment and semi-empirical calculations. Interest emerged in applying these effects to the study of environmental problems. Even the most recalcitrant skeptic now accepts the fact that measurable and meaningful variations in the isotopic ratios of heavy elements occur as a result of chemical, biological and physical processes. Most of the work discussed in this volume was published after the year 2000 and thus the chapters are more like progress reports rather than reviews. Skepticism now focuses on whether isotopic variations as small as 0.1 per mil are indeed as meaningful as some think, and the fact that measured isotopic fractionations of these non-traditional elements are frequently much smaller than predicted from theoretical considerations. In fact the large fractionations suggested by the calculations provide much of the stimulus for working in this discipline. Clearly some carefully designed experiments could shed light on some of the ambiguity. My optimism for the future of this burgeoning new field remains high because it is in very good hands indeed.

Description / Table of Contents: In the two decades since J. Alexander Speer's Zircon chapter in Orthosilicates (Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 5), much has been learned about the internal textures, trace-element and isotope geochemistry (both radiogenic and stable) and chemical and mechanical stability of zircon. The application of this knowledge and the use of zircon in geologic studies have become widespread. Today, the study of zircon exists as the pseudo-discipline of "zirconology" that involves materials scientists and geoscientists from across a range of sub-disciplines including stable and radiogenic isotopes, sedimentology, petrology, trace elements and experimental mineralogy. Zirconology has become an important field of research, so much so that coverage of the mineral zircon in a review volume that included zircon as one of many accessory minerals would not meet the needs or interests of the zirconology community in terms of depth or breadth of coverage. The sixteen chapters in this volume cover the most important aspects of zircon-related research over the past twenty-years and highlight possible future research avenues. Finch and Hanchar (Chapter 1) review the structure of zircon and other mineral (and synthetic) phases with the zircon structure. In most rock types where zircon occurs it is a significant host of the rare-earth elements, Th and U. The abundances of these elements and the form of chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns may provide significant information on the processes that generate igneous and metamorphic rocks. The minor and trace element compositions of igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal zircons are reviewed by Hoskin and Schaltegger in Chapter 2. The investigation of melt inclusions in zircon is an exciting line of new research. Trapped melt inclusions can provide direct information of the trace element and isotopic composition of the melt from which the crystal formed as a function of time throughout the growth of the crystal. Thomas et a!. (Chapter 3) review the study of melt inclusions in zircon. Hanchar and Watson (Chapter 4) review experimental and natural studies of zircon saturation and the use of zircon saturation thermometry for natural rocks. Cation diffusion and oxygen diffusion in zircon is discussed by Cherniak and Watson (Chapter 5). Diffusion studies are essential for providing constraints on the quality of trace element and isotope data and for providing estimates of temperature exposure in geological environments. Zircon remains the most widely utilized accessory mineral for U- Th-Pb isotope geochronology. Significant instrumental and analytical developments over the past thirty years mean that zircon has an essential role in early Achaean studies, magma genesis, and astrobiology. Four chapters are devoted to different aspects of zircon geochronology. The first of these four, Chapter 6 by Davis et a!., reviews the historical development of zircon geochronology from the mid-1950s to the present; the following three chapters focus on particular techniques for zircon geochronology, namely ID-TIMS (Parrish and Noble, Chapter 7), SIMS (Ireland and Williams, Chapter 8) and ICP-MS (Kosier and Sylvester, Chapter 9). The application of zircon chronology in constraining sediment provenance.and the calibration ofthe geologic time-scale are reviewed by Fedo et al. (Chapter 10) and Bowring and Schmitz (Chapter 11), respectively. Other isotopic systematics are reviewed for zircon by Kinny and Maas (Chapter 12), who discuss the application of Nd-Sm and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon to petrogenetic studies, and by Valley (Chapter 13), who discusses the importance of oxygen isotopic studies in traditional and emerging fields of geologic study. As a host of U and Th, zircon is subject to radiation damage. Radiation damage is likely responsible for isotopic disturbance and promotes mechanical instability. There is increasing interest in both the effect of radiation damage on the zircon crystal structure and mechanisms of damage and recrystallization, as well as the structure of the damaged phase. These studies contribute to an overall understanding of how zircon may behave as a waste-form for safe disposal of radioactive waste and are discussed by Ewing et a!. (Chapter 14). The spectroscopy of zircon, both crystalline and metamict is reviewed by Nadsala et a!. (Chapter 15). The final chapter, by Corfu et al. (Chapter 16), is an atlas of internal textures of zircon. The imaging of internal textures in zircon is essential for directing the acquisition of geochemical data and to the integrity of conclusions reached once data has been collected and interpreted. This chapter, for the first time, brings into one place textural images that represent common and not so common textures reported in the literature, along with brief interpretations of their significance. There is presently no comparable atlas. It is intended that this chapter will become a reference point for future workers to compare and contrast their own images against. The chapters in this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry were prepared for presentation at a Short Course, sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) in Freiburg, Germany, April 3-4, 2003. This preceded a joint meeting of the European Union of Geology, the American Geophysical Union and the European Geophysical Society held in Nice, France, April 6-11, 2003.

Description / Table of Contents: Our understanding of rock forming geological processes and thereby of geodynamic processes depends largely on a sound basis of knowledge of minerals. Due to the application of new analytical techniques, the number of newly discovered minerals increases steadily, and what used to be a simple mineral may have turned into a complex group. A continuous update is necessary, and the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry series excellently fulfills this requirement. The epidote minerals have not yet been covered and we felt that this gap should be filled. The epidote mineral group consists of important rock-forming minerals such as clinozoisite and epidote, geochemical important accessory minerals such as allanite, and minerals typical for rare bulk compositions such as hancockite. Zoisite, the orthorhombic polymorph of clinozoisite, is included here because of its strong structural and paragenetic similarity to the epidote minerals. Epidote minerals occur in a wide variety of rocks, from near-surface conditions up to high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks and as liquidus phases in magmatic systems. They can be regarded as the low-temperature and high-pressure equivalent of Ca-rich plagioclase, and thus are equally important as this feldspar for petrogenetic purposes. In addition, they belong to the most important Fe3+ bearing minerals, and give important information about the oxygen fugacity and the oxidation state of a rock. Last but not least, they can incorporate geochemically relevant minor and trace elements such as Sr, Pb, REE, V, and Mn. The epidote minerals are undoubtedly very important from a petrogenetic and geochemical point of view, and have received a lot of attention in the last years from several working groups in the field of experimental studies and spectroscopic work. As a result, the thermodynamic database of epidote minerals has been significantly enlarged during the last decade. Recent studies have revealed the importance of zoisite in subduction zone processes as a carrier of H2O and suggested zoisite to be the main H2O source in the pressure interval between about 2.0 and 3.0 GPa. Many studies have shown that an understanding of trace element geochemical processes in high-pressure rocks is impossible without understanding the geochemical influence of the epidote minerals. Recent advances in microanalytical techniques have also shown that epidote minerals record detailed information on their geological environment. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussmann edited the last comprehensive review on this mineral group almost 20 years ago in 1986. In 1990, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the discovery of the famous Knappenwand locality in the Tauern/Austria, an epidote conference was held in Neukirchen/Austria organized by the Austrian Mineralogical Society by V. Höck and F. Koller. In 1999, there was a special symposium at the EUG 10 in Strasbourg, convened by R. Gieré and F. Oberli, entitled Recent advances in studies of the epidote group that highlighted the relevance of the epidote minerals for Earth science. However, there are many open questions in the community regarding the epidote minerals and there is a need for a new overview that brings together the recent knowledge on this interesting group of minerals. The present volume of the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the current state of knowledge on the epidote minerals with special emphasis on the advances that were made since the comprehensive review of Deer et al. (1986). We hope that it will serve to outline the open questions and direction of future research. In the Introduction, we review the structure, optical data and crystal chemistry of this mineral group, all of which form the basis for understanding much of the following material in the volume. In addition, we provide some information on special topics, such as morphology and growth, deformation behavior, and gemology. Thermodynamic properties (Chapter 2, Gottschalk), the spectroscopy of the epidote minerals (Chapter 3, Liebscher) and a review of the experimental studies (Chapter 4, Poli and Schmidt) constitute the first section of chapters. These fields are closely related, and all three chapters show the significant progress over the last years, but that some of the critical questions such as the problem of miscibility and miscibility gaps are still not completely solved. This section concludes with a review of fluid inclusion studies (Chapter 5, Klemd), a topic that turned out to be of large interest for petrogenetic interpretation, and leads to the description of natural epidote occurrences in the second section of the book. These following chapters review the geological environments of the epdiote minerals, from low temperature in geothermal fields (Chapter 6, Bird and Spieler), to common metamorphic rocks (Chapter 7, Grapes and Hoskin) and to high- and ultrahigh pressure (Chapter 8, Enami, Liou and Mattinson) and the magmatic regime (Chapter 9, Schmidt and Poli). Allanite (Chapter 10, Gieré and Sorensen) and piemontite (Chapter 11, Bonazzi and Menchetti), on which a large amount of information is now available, are reviewed in separate chapters. Finally trace element (Chapter 12, Frei, Liebscher, Franz and Dulski) and isotopic studies, both stable and radiogenic isotopes (Chapter 13, Morrison) are considered. We found it unavoidable that there is some overlap between individual chapters. This is an inherited problem in a mineral group such as the epidote minerals, which forms intensive solid solutions between the major components of rock forming minerals as well as with trace elements.

Description / Table of Contents: Volcanism and tectonism are the dominant endogenic means by which planetary surfaces change. This book aims to encompass the broad range in character of volcanism, tectonism, faulting and associated interactions observed on planetary bodies across the inner solar system - a region that includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids. The diversity and breadth of landforms produced by volcanic and tectonic processes is enormous, and varies across the inner solar system bodies. As a result, the selection of prevailing landforms and their underlying formational processes that are described and highlighted in this volume are but a primer to the expansive field of planetary volcanism and tectonism. This Special Publication features 22 research articles about volcanic and tectonic processes manifest across the inner solar system.

Description / Table of Contents: Subduction zones consume oceanic lithosphere and are an indispensible part of plate tectonics. Unlike the oceanic lithosphere production system which can be linked as a nearly continuous, albeit sinuous, strand around the earth, subduction zones are a rather dissociated group and are found in several isolated corners of the world. While plate tectonics can predict that subduction zones are required along certain plate boundaries, it does not stipulate how subduction zones initiate and develop. The preservation of newly created oceanic lithosphere and the propensity for spreading centers to fragment continents leaves a wealth of geological informa­ tion on the initiation and evolution of spreading. On the other hand, the subject of subduction initiation has little observational basis. To find such observations, we need to look at some muddled tectonic regimes. The Macquarie Ridge complex presents a natural laboratory for studies of subduction initiation. 2. Tectonics of the Macquarie Ridge Complex The Macquarie Ridge complex is a complicated physiographic feature that trends approximately north-south between South Island, New Zealand and the Pacific-Antarctica spreading center. This feature consists of a sequence of troughs and ridges, with Macquarie Island as the only exposed expression. The seismically active Macquarie Ridge complex (hereafter: MRC) is crudely continuous with the Tonga-Kermadec-New Zealand seismic activity. The basic physiographic features and seismicity of the MRC are shown in Figure I. The earthquake epicenters generally cluster about the bathymetric expression of the MRC.

Description / Table of Contents: This Special Publication arises from the UNESCO-sponsored IGCP 586-Y project ‘The tectonics and geomorphology of the Andes (32°–34°S): interplay between short-term and long-term processes’. It includes state-of-the-art reviews and original articles from a multidisciplinary perspective that investigate the complex interactions of tectonics and surface processes in the subduction-related orogen of the Andes of central Chile and Argentina (c. 27°–39°S). It aims to improve our understanding of tectonic and landscape evolution of the Andean range at different time scales, as well as the mutual relationship between internal and external mechanisms in Cenozoic deformation, mountain building, topographic evolution, basin development and mega-landslides occurrence across the flat slab to normal subduction segments. The geodynamic processes of the Andes of central Chile and Argentina are analysed from a number of subdisciplines of the Earth sciences, including tectonics, petrology, geophysics, geochemistry, structural geology, geomorphology, engineering geology, stratigraphy and sedimentology.

Description / Table of Contents: Discovery of the Arbroath, Montrose and Forties fields initiated intensive exploration of the Tertiary deep-marine play in the North Sea region. Subsequent discoveries demonstrated the success of this play and the geological diversity of the depositional systems. The play is now mature and in many areas the remaining exploration potential is likely to be dominated by small, subtle traps with a major component of stratigraphic trapping. Economically marginal discoveries need an in-depth understanding of subsurface uncertainty to mitigate risk with limited appraisal wells. Mature fields require detailed geological understanding in the search for the remaining oil. This volume focuses on the regional depositional setting of these deep-marine systems, providing a stratigraphic and palaeogeographical context for exploration, and development case histories that outline the challenges of producing from these reservoirs. The fields are arranged around the production life cycle, describing the changing needs of geological models as the flow of static and dynamic data refines geological understanding and defines the nature of new opportunities as fields mature.

Description / Table of Contents: The updated Handbook is an essential reference for researchers and students in applied mathematics, engineering, and physics. It provides quick access to important formulas, relations, and methods from algebra, trigonometric and exponential functions, combinatorics, probability, matrix theory, calculus and vector calculus, ordinary and partial differential equations, Fourier series, orthogonal polynomials, and Laplace transforms. Many of the entries are based upon the updated sixth edition of Gradshteyn and Ryzhiks Table of Integrals, Series, and Products and other important reference works.

Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry and physics share a common mathematical foundation. From elementary calculus to vector analysis and group theory, Mathematics for Chemistry and Physics aims to provide a comprehensive reference for students and researchers pursuing these scientific fields. The book is based on the authors many classroom experience. Designed as a reference text, Mathematics for Chemistry and Physics will prove beneficial for students at all university levels in chemistry, physics, applied mathematics, and theoretical biology. Although this book is not computer-based, many references to current applications are included, providing the background to what goes on "behind the screen" in computer experiments.

Description / Table of Contents: An introduction to Holocene land-ocean interaction and environmental change around the western North Sea / I. Shennan and J. Andrews / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 1-7, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.01 --- Analysis and interpretation of Holocene sedimentary sequences in the Humber Estuary / J. Ridgway, J. E. Andrews, S. Ellis, B. P. Horton, J. B. Innes, R. W. O’B. Knox, J. J. McArthur, B. A. Maher, S. E. Metcalfe, A. Mitlehner, A. Parkes, J. G. Rees, G. M. Samways and I. Shennan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 9-39, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.02 --- Implications of a microfossil-based transfer function in Holocene sea-level studies / B. P. Horton, R. J. Edwards and J. M. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 41-54, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.03 --- Luminescence dating of fine-grain Holocene sediments from a coastal setting / I. K. Bailiff and M. J. Tooley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 55-67, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.04 --- The development of a methodology for luminescence dating of Holocene sediments at the land-ocean interface / M. L. Clarke and H. M. Rendell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 69-86, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.05 --- Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse basin and its influence on river dynamics and sediment fluxes to the coastal zone / M. G. Macklin, M. P. Taylor, K. A. Hudson-Edwards and A. J. Howard / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 87-96, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.06 --- The Holocene evolution of the Humber Estuary: reconstructing change in a dynamic environment / S. E. Metcalfe, S. Ellis, B. P. Horton, J. B. Innes, J. McArthur, A. Mitlehner, A. Parkes, J. S. Pethick, J. Rees, J. Ridgway, M. M. Rutherford, I. Shennan and M. J. Tooley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 97-118, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.07 --- Holocene sediment storage in the Humber Estuary / J. G. Rees, J. Ridgway, S. Ellis, R. W. O’B. Knox, R. Newsham and A. Parkes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 119-143, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.08 --- Origin, abundance and storage of organic carbon and sulphur in the Holocene Humber Estuary: emphasizing human impact on storage changes / J. E. Andrews, G. Samways, P. F. Dennis and B. A. Maher / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 145-170, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.09 --- Sediment provenance and flux in the Tees Estuary: the record from the Late Devensian to the present / A. J. Plater, J. Ridgway, B. Rayner, I. Shennan, B. P. Horton, E. Y. Haworth, M. R. Wright, M. M. Rutherford and A. G. Wintle / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 171-195, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.10 --- Holocene coastal dune initiation in Northumberland and Norfolk, eastern UK: climate and sea-level changes as possible forcing agents for dune initiation / J. D. Orford, P. Wilson, A. G. Wintle, J. Knight and S. Braley / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 197-217, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.11 --- Sedimentary evolution of the north Norfolk barrier coastline in the context of Holocene sea-level change / J. E. Andrews, I. Boomer, I. Bailiff, P. Balson, C. Bristow, P. N. Chroston, B. M. Funnell, G. M. Harwood, R. Jones, B. A. Maher and G. B. Shimmield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 219-251, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.12 --- Holocene sedimentary evolution and palaeocoastlines of the Fenland embayment, eastern England / David S. Brew, Tina Holt, Ken Pye and Rhonda Newsham / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 253-273, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.13 --- Holocene isostasy and relative sea-level changes on the east coast of England / I. Shennan, K. Lambeck, B. Horton, J. Innes, J. Lloyd, J. McArthur and M. Rutherford / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 275-298, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.14 --- Modelling western North Sea palaeogeographies and tidal changes during the Holocene / I. Shennan, K. Lambeck, R. Flather, B. Horton, J. McArthur, J. Innes, J. Lloyd, M. Rutherford and R. Wingfield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 166, 299-319, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.166.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Integrated Basin Studies — Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin: an introduction / Arvid Nøttvedt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 1-14, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.01 --- Intra-Plate Rifting and Basin Formation --- Crustal structure in the northern North Sea: an integrated geophysical study / P. Christiansson, J. I. Faleide and A. M. Berge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 15-40, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.02 --- The geometries and deep structure of the northern North Sea rift system / Tore Odinsen, Peter Christiansson, Roy H. Gabrielsen, Jan Inge Faleide and Anker M. Berge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 41-57, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.03 --- Repeated lithosphere extension in the northern Viking Graben: a coupled or a decoupled rheology? / M. Ter Voorde, R. B. Færseth, R. H. Gabrielsen and S. A. P. L. Cloetingh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 59-81, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.04 --- Permo-Triassic and Jurassic extension in the northern North Sea: results from tectonostratigraphic forward modelling / Tore Odinsen, Paul Reemst, Peter Van Der Beek, Jan Inge Faleide and Roy H. Gabrielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 83-103, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.05 --- Detachments and low-angle faults in the northern North Sea rift system / Haakon Fossen, Tore Odinsen, Roald B. Færseth and Roy H. Gabrielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 105-131, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.06 --- Basin Filling --- Syn-rift sedimentary architectures in the Northern North Sea / R. Ravnås, A. Nøttvedt, R. J. Steel and J. Windelstad / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 133-177, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.07 --- Syn-rift evolution and resulting play models in the Snorre-H area, northern North Sea / Arvid Nøttvedt, Anker M. Berge, Nancye H. Dawers, Roald B. Færseth, Kjell O. Häger, Gunn Mangerud and Cai Puigdefabregas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 179-218, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.08 --- Cenozoic evolution of the central and northern North Sea with focus on differential vertical movements of the basin floor and surrounding clastic source areas / Henrik Jordt, Brit I. Thyberg and Arvid Nøttvedt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 219-243, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.09 --- Relationships between sequence stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry in Cenozoic sediments of the northern North Sea / B. I. Thyberg, H. Jordt, K. Bjørlykke and J. I. Faleide / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 245-272, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.10 --- Cenozoic tectonic subsidence from 2D depositional simulations of a regional transect in the northern North Sea basin / Rune Kyrkjebø, Martin Hamborg, Jan Inge Faleide, Henrik Jordt and Peter Christiansson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 273-294, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.11 --- Conjugate Volcanic Margins --- NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation / Jakob Skogseid, Sverre Planke, Jan Inge Faleide, Tom Pedersen, Olav Eldholm and Flemming Neverdal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 295-326, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.12 --- The tectonic evolution of the Norwegian Sea Continental Margin with emphasis on the Vøring and Møre Basins / Harald Brekke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 327-378, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.13 --- Late Cretaceous and Tertiary structural evolution of the northeastern part of the Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea / Tommy Egebjerg Mogensen, Rune Nyby, Ridvan Karpuz and Pål Haremo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 379-396, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.14 --- Norwegian-Greenland Sea thermal field / Eirik Sundvor, Olav Eldholm, Tadeusz P Gladczenko and Sverre Planke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 397-410, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.15 --- Atlantic volcanic margins: a comparative study / O. Eldholm, T. P. Gladczenko, J. Skogseid and S. Planke / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 411-428, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.16 --- Present Stress --- Crustal stress and tectonics in Norwegian regions determined from earthquake focal mechanisms / Conrad D. Lindholm, Hilmar Bungum, Erik Hicks and Mario Villagran / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 429-439, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.17 --- Crustal stress in and around Norway: a compliation of in situ stress observations / Morten Fejerskov, Conrad Lindholm, Arne Myrvang and Hilmar Bungum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 441-449, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.18 --- Crustal stress in and around Norway: an evaluation of stress-generating mechanisms / Morten Fejerskov and Conrad Lindholm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 451-467, 1 January 2000, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.167.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: Mike Coward and Dorothee Dietrich: Alpine tectonics — an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:1-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.01 --- Tectonic Evolution of the External Zones of the Alps --- J. G. Ramsay: Fold and fault geometry in the western Helvetic nappes of Switzerland and France and its implication for the evolution of the arc of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:33-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.02 --- D. Dietrich and M. Casey: A new tectonic model for the Helvetic nappes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:47-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.03 --- J.-P. Gratier, G. Ménard, and R. Arpin: Strain-displacement compatibility and restoration of the Chaînes Subalpines of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:65-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.04 --- N. Fry: Southwestward thrusting and tectonics of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:83-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.05 --- Tectonic Evolution of the Internal and Southern Zones of the Alps --- O. Merle, P. R. Cobbold, and S. Schmid: Tertiary kinematics in the Lepontine dome / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:113-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.06 --- J. P. Platt, P. C. Cunningham, P. Weston, G. S. Lister, F. Peel, T. Baudin, and H. Dondey: Thrusting and backthrusting in the Briançonnais domain of the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:135-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.07 --- S. M. Schmid, H. R. Aebli, F. Heller, and A. Zingg: The role of the Periadriatic Line in the tectonic evolution of the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:153-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.08 --- A. C. Ellis, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. Fry: Structural and metamorphic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the upper Pennine Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:173-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.09 --- J. Ridley: Structural and metamorphic history of a segment of the Sesia-Lanzo zone, and its bearing on the kinematics of Alpine deformation in the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:189-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.10 --- K. H. Brodie, E. H. Rutter, and D. Rex: On the age of deep crustal extensional faulting in the Ivrea zone, northern Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:203-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.11 --- D. Roeder: South-Alpine thrusting and trans-Alpine convergence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:211-227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.12 --- H. P. Laubscher: The tectonics of the southern Alps and the Austro-Alpine nappes: a comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:229-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.13 --- L. Ratschbacher and F. Neubauer: West-directed décollement of Austro-Alpine cover nappes in the eastern Alps: geometrical and rheological considerations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:243-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.14 --- Models of the Development of the Alpine Chain --- J. F. Dewey, M. L. Helman, S. D. Knott, E. Turco, and D. H. W. Hutton: Kinematics of the western Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:265-283, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.15 --- J. E. T. Channell and J. C. Mareschal: Delamination and asymmetric lithospheric thickening in the development of the Tyrrhenian Rift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:285-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.16 --- St. Mueller: Deep-reaching geodynamic processes in the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:303-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.17 --- P. Vialon, P. Rochette, and G. Ménard: Indentation and rotation in the western Alpine arc / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:329-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.18 --- R. Lacassin: Plate-scale kinematics and compatibility of crustal shear zones in the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:339-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.19 --- J. C. Hunziker, J. Desmons, and G. Martinotti: Alpine thermal evolution in the central and the western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:353-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.20 --- A. J. Hurford, M. Flisch, and E. Jäger: Unravelling the thermo-tectonic evolution of the Alps: a contribution from fission track analysis and mica dating / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:369-398, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.21 --- F. Heller, W. Lowrie, and A. M. Hirt: A review of palaeomagnetic and magnetic anisotropy results from the Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:399-420, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.22 --- K. J. Hsü: Time and place in Alpine orogenesis — the Fermor Lecture / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 45:421-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.045.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: A. D. Saunders and M. J. Norry: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.01 --- I. G. Gass: Magmatic processes at and near constructive plate margins as deduced from the Troodos (Cyprus) and Semail Nappe (N Oman) ophiolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.02 --- Robert S. White: Asthenospheric control on magmatism in the ocean basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:17-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.03 --- John G. Spray: Upper mantle segregation processes: evidence from alpine-type peridotites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:29-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.04 --- James H. Natland: Partial melting of a lithologically heterogeneous mantle: inferences from crystallization histories of magnesian abyssal tholeiites from the Siqueiros Fracture Zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:41-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.05 --- H. J. B. Dick: Abyssal peridotites, very slow spreading ridges and ocean ridge magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:71-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.06 --- Sherman H. Bloomer, James H. Natland, and Robert L. Fisher: Mineral relationships in gabbroic rocks from fracture zones of Indian Ocean ridges: evidence for extensive fractionation, parental diversity and boundary-layer recrystallization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:107-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.07 --- Don Elthon: Pressure of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:125-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.08 --- Toshitsugu Fujii: Genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:137-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.09 --- Z. A. Palacz and J. A. Wolff: Strontium, neodymium and lead isotope characteristics of the Granadilla Pumice, Tenerife: a study of the causes of strontium isotope disequilibrium in felsic pyroclastic deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:147-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.10 --- M. Storey, J. A. Wolff, M. J. Norry, and G. F. Marriner: Origin of hybrid lavas from Agua de Pau volcano, Sao Miguel, Azores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:161-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.11 --- G. Thompson, W. B. Bryan, and S. E. Humphris: Axial volcanism on the East Pacific Rise, 10–12°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:181-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.12 --- Johann Helgason: The Fjallgardar volcanic ridge in NE Iceland: an aborted early stage plate boundary or a volcanically dormant zone? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:201-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.13 --- P. A. Floyd: Geochemical features of intraplate oceanic plateau basalts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:215-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.14 --- G. R. Davies, R. A. Cliff, M. J. Norry, and D. C. Gerlach: A combined chemical and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope study of the Azores and Cape Verde hot-spots: the geodynamic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:231-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.15 --- D. J. Chaffey, R. A. Cliff, and B. M. Wilson: Characterization of the St Helena magma source / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:257-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.16 --- J.-L. Joron and M. Treuil: Hygromagmaphile element distributions in oceanic basalts as fingerprints of partial melting and mantle heterogeneities: a specific approach and proposal of an identification and modelling method / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:277-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.17 --- D. E. Fisher: Evaluation of rare gas data in relation to oceanic magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:301-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.18 --- S.-s. Sun and W. F. McDonough: Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:313-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19 --- B. J. Murton: Tectonic controls on boninite genesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42:347-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: M. A. Cooper and G. D. Williams: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:vii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.01 --- Modelling and Theoretical Concepts --- G. D. Williams, C. M. Powell, and M. A. Cooper: Geometry and kinematics of inversion tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.02 --- A. B. Hayward and R. H. Graham: Some geometrical characteristics of inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:17-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.03 --- K. R. McClay: Analogue models of inversion tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:41-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.04 --- Inversion in the Alps and Alpine Foreland --- P. A. Ziegler: Geodynamic model for Alpine intra-plate compressional deformation in Western and Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:63-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.05 --- P. C. de Graciansky, G. Dardeau, M. Lemoine, and P. Tricart: The inverted margin of the French Alps and foreland basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.06 --- R. W. H. Butler: The influence of pre-existing basin structure on thrust system evolution in the Western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.07 --- I. R. Simpson, M. Gravestock, D. Ham, H. Leach, and S. D. Thompson: Notes and cross-sections illustrating inversion tectonics in the Wessex Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:123-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.08 --- D. G. Roberts: Basin inversion in and around the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:131-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.09 --- Inversion on the European Continental Shelf --- J. A. Cartwright: The kinematics of inversion in the Danish Central Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:153-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.10 --- T. J. Chapman: The Permian to Cretaceous structural evolution of the Western Approaches Basin (Melville sub-basin), UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:177-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.11 --- M. E. Badley, J. D. Price, and L. C. Backshall: Inversion, reactivated faults and related structures: seismic examples from the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.12 --- Inversion in Other Geological Environments --- C. M. Powell and G. D. Williams: The Lewis Thrust/Rocky Mountain trench fault system in Northwest Montana, USA: an example of negative inversion tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:223-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.13 --- K. R. McClay, M. W. Insley, and R. Anderton: Inversion of the Kechika Trough, Northeastern British Columbia, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:235-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.14 --- C. K. Morley: Basin inversion in the Osen-Røa thrust sheet, Southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:259-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.15 --- M. P. Coward, M. A. Enfield, and M. W. Fischer: Devonian basins of Northern Scotland: extension and inversion related to Late Caledonian — Variscan tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:275-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.16 --- M. C. Daly, J. Chorowicz, and J. D. Fairhead: Rift basin evolution in Africa: the influence of reactivated steep basement shear zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:309-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.17 --- M. A. Cooper, G. D. Williams, P. C. de Graciansky, R. W. Murphy, T. Needham, D. de Paor, R. Stoneley, S. P. Todd, J. P. Turner, and P. A. Ziegler: Inversion tectonics — a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:335-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.18 --- Abstracts --- I. W. D. Dalziel: Inversion of circum-Pacific marginal basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.19 --- J. F. Dewey: Kinematics and dynamics of basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.20 --- A. Gibbs and A. Beach: Extensional tectonics in a convergent intra-plate setting: linked inversions on oblique and frontal ramps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.21 --- R. Gillcrist, M. P. Coward, B. Trudgill, A. Pecher, and J. L. Mugnier: Structural inversion in the external French Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.22 --- N. J. Kusznir and G. D. Williams: Geometric, thermal and isostatic constraints on basin inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.23 --- B. van Hoorn: Structural evolution, timing and tectonic style of the Sole Pit inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 44:356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.044.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Deltaic Systems and General Models --- T. Elliott: Deltaic systems and their contribution to an understanding of basin-fill successions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.01 --- J. Alexander: Delta or coastal plain? With an example of the controversy from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:11-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.02 --- J. P. M. Syvitski and G. E. Farrow: Fjord sedimentation as an analogue for small hydrocarbon-bearing fan deltas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:21-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.03 --- M. Ito: Profiles of fan deltas and water depth in the receiving basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:45-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.04 --- Subsurface and Geophysical Techniques --- G. Cowan: Diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous sandstones: southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:57-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.05 --- C. S. Bristow and K. J. Myers: Detailed sedimentology and gamma-ray log characteristics of a Namurian deltaic succession I: Sedimentology and facies analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:75-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.06 --- K. J. Myers and C. S. Bristow: Detailed sedimentology and gamma-ray log characteristics of a Namurian deltaic succession II: Gamma-ray logging / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:81-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.07 --- R. C. Selley: Deltaic reservoir prediction from rotational dipmeter patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:89-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.08 --- Selected Delta Case Studies --- G. Sestini: Nile Delta: a review of depositional environments and geological history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:99-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.09 --- H. Okazaki and F. Masuda: Arcuate and bird’s foot deltas in the late Pleistocene Palaeo-Tokyo Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:129-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.10 --- G. K. Pedersen: A fluvial-dominated lacustrine delta in a volcanic province, W Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:139-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.11 --- J. P. Harris: The sedimentology of a Middle Jurassic lagoonal delta system: Elgol Formation (Great Estuarine Group), NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:147-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.12 --- O. J. Martinsen: Styles of soft-sediment deformation on a Namurian (Carboniferous) delta slope, Western Irish Namurian Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:167-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.13 --- A. J. Pulham: Controls on internal structure and architecture of sandstone bodies within Upper Carboniferous fluvial-dominated deltas, County Clare, western Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:179-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.14 --- A. Siedlecka, K. T. Pickering, and M. B. Edwards: Upper Proterozoic passive margin deltaic complex, Finnmark, N Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:205-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.15 --- Petroleum- and Gas-related Case Histories --- S. Flint, D. J. Stewart, and E. D. van Riessen: Reservoir geology of the Sirikit oilfield, Thailand: lacustrine deltaic sedimentation in a Tertiary intermontane basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:223-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.16 --- W. Helland-Hansen, R. Steel, K. Nakayama, and C. G. St. C. Kendall: Review and computer modelling of the Brent Group stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:237-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.17 --- S. Brown and P. C. Richards: Facies and development of the Middle Jurassic Brent Delta near the northern limit of its progradation, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:253-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.18 --- S. E. Livera: Facies associations and sand-body geometries in the Ness Formation of the Brent Group, Brent Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:269-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.19 --- Coal-related Case Histories --- R. S. Haszeldine: Coal reviewed: depositional controls, modern analogues and ancient climates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:289-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.20 --- A. C. Scott: Deltaic coals: an ecological and palaeobotanical perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:309-316, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.21 --- M. K. G. Whateley and G. R. Jordan: Fan-delta-lacustrine sedimentation and coal development in the Tertiary Ombilin Basin, W Sumatra, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:317-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.22 --- W. A. Read: The influence of basin subsidence and depositional environment on regional patterns of coal thickness within the Namurian fluvio-deltaic sedimentary fill of the Kincardine Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 41:333-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.041.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: J.S. Daly, R.A. Cliff, and B.W.D. Yardley: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.01 --- E. J. Essene: The current status of thermobarometry in metamorphic rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:1-44, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.02 --- L. Ya. Aranovich and K. K. Podlesskii: Geothermobarometry of high-grade metapelites: simultaneously operating reactions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:45-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.03 --- Frank S. Spear: Relative thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T, paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:63-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.04 --- R. H. Vernon: Porphyroblast-matrix microstructural relationships: recent approaches and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:83-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.05 --- John Ridley: Vertical movement in orogenic belts and the timing of metamorphism relative to deformation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.06 --- R. A. Jamieson and C. Beaumont: Deformation and metamorphism in convergent orogens: a model for uplift and exhumation of metamorphic terrains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.07 --- Peter K. Zeitler: The geochronology of metamorphic processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.08 --- James J. Irwin, Charles Kirschbaum, Tek. H. Lim, Derek Powell, and William E. Glassley: A laser-microprobe study of argon isotopes in deformed pegmatites from the Northern Highlands of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.09 --- A. Reuter and R. D. Dallmeyer: K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of cleavage formed during very low-grade metamorphism: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:161-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.10 --- Hanan J. Kisch: Discordant relationship between degree of very low-grade metamorphism and the development of slaty cleavage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:173-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.11 --- J. J. De Yoreo, D. R. Lux, and C. V. Guidotti: The role of crustal anatexis and magma migration in the thermal evolution of regions of thickened continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.12 --- C. P. Chamberlain and Douglas Rumble III: The influence of fluids on the thermal history of a metamorphic terrain: New Hampshire, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:203-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.13 --- Howard W. Day and C. Page Chamberlain: Implications of thermal and baric structure for controls on metamorphism: northern New England, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.14 --- L. Aguirre, B. Levi, and J. O. Nyström: The link between metamorphism, volcanism and geotectonic setting during the evolution of the Andes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:223-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.15 --- T. M. Gordon: Thermal evolution of the Kisseynew sedimentary gneiss belt, Manitoba: metamorphism at an early Proterozoic accretionary margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:233-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.16 --- Peter H. Thompson: An empirical model for metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Slave Province and adjacent Thelon Tectonic Zone, north-western Canadian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:245-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.17 --- Amalbikash Mukherjee: P-T-time history and thermal modelling of an anorthosite-granulite interface, Eastern Ghats metamorphic belt, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:265-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.18 --- Leonid L. Perchuk: P-T-fluid regimes of metamorphism and related magmatism with specific reference to the granulite-facies Sharyzhalgay complex of Lake Baikal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.19 --- D. Ackermand, B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany: The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:293-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.20 --- I. Cartwright and A. C. Barnicoat: Evolution of the Scourian complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:297-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.21 --- M. A. H. Maboko, I. McDougall, and P. K. Zeitler: Metamorphic P-T path of granulites in the Musgrave Ranges, central Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:303-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.22 --- Eileen McLellan, Daniel Linder, and Jenny Thomas: Multiple granulite-facies events in the southern Appalachians, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:309-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.23 --- James M. McLelland: Pre-granulite-facies metamorphism in the Adirondack Mountains, New York / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:315-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.24 --- F. Mengel and T. Rivers: Thermotectonic evolution of proterozoic and reworked Archaean terranes along the Nain-Churchill boundary in the Saglek Area, northern Labrador / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:319-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.25 --- Motoyoshi Yoichi, Satoshi Matsubara, and Hiroharu Matsueda: P-T evolution of the granulite-facies rocks of the Lützow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:325-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.26 --- H. R. Rollinson: Garnet—orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:331-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.27 --- Volker Schenk: P-T-t path of the lower crust in The Hercynian fold belt of southern Calabria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:337-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.28 --- Daniel Vielzeuf and Christian Pin: Geodynamic implications of granulitic rocks in the Hercynian belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:343-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.29 --- R. G. Warren and B. J. Hensen: The P-T evolution of the Proterozoic Arunta Block, central Australia, and Implications for tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:349-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.30 --- D. J. Waters: Metamorphic evidence for the heating and cooling path of Namaqualand granulites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.31 --- I. S. Buick and T. J. B. Holland: The P-T-t path associated with crustal extension, Naxos, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.32 --- M. Franceschelli, I. Memmi, F. Pannuti, and C. A. Ricci: Diachronous metamorphic equilibria in the Hercynian basement of northern Sardinia, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:371-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.33 --- P. K. Verma: The Himalayan metamorphism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:377-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.34 --- A. J. Barker and M. W. Anderson: The Caledonian structural—metamorphic evolution of south Troms, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.35 --- Kevin W. Burton, Alan P. Boyle, Wendy L. Kirk, and Roger Mason: Pressure, temperature and structural evolution of the Sulitjelma fold-nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:391-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.36 --- A. H. N. Rice, R. E. Bevins, D. Robinson, and D. Roberts: Thrust-related metamorphic inversion in the Caledonides of Finnmark, north Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:413-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.37 --- J. P. Burg, A. F. Leyreloup, F. Romney, and C. P. Delor: Inverted metamorphic zonation and Variscan thrust tectonics in the rouergue area (Massif Central, France): P-T-t record from mineral to regional scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:423-439, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.38 --- Cl. Audren and Cl. Triboulet: Pressure–temperature–time–deformation paths in metamorphic rocks and tectonic processes, as exemplified by the Variscan orogeny in South Brittany, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:441-446, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.39 --- David A. Brew, Arthur B. Ford, and Glen R. Himmelberg: Evolution of the western part of the Coast plutonic–metamorphic complex, South-Eastern Alaska, USA: A Summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:447-452, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.40 --- J. C. Schumacher, Renate Schumacher, and Peter Robinson: Acadian metamorphism in central massachusetts and south-western New Hampshire: evidence for contrasting P-T trajectories / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:453-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.41 --- Jeffrey A. Grambling, Michael L. Williams, Christopher K. Mawer, and Roger F. Smith: Metamorphic evolution of Proterozoic rocks in New Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:461-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.42 --- G. T. R. Droop and I. Y. Al-Filali: Magmatism, deformation and high-T, low-P regional metamorphism in the Nabitah mobile belt, southern Arabian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:469-480, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.43 --- Y. Hiroi and S. Kishi: P-T evolution of Abukuma metamorphic rocks in north-east Japan: metamorphic evidence for oceanic crust obduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:481-486, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.44 --- M. Komatsu, Y. Osanai, T. Toyoshima, and S. Miyashita: Evolution of the Hidaka metamorphic belt, northern Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:487-493, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.45 --- Pentti Hölttä: General features of early Proterozoic metamorphism in the Pielavesi area, Near the Archaean craton Margin, central Finland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:495-499, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.46 --- Kevin A. Jones and Michael Brown: The metamorphic evolution of the Southern Brittany migmatite belt, France / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:501-505, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.47 --- P. J. O'Brien: A study of retrogression in eclogites of the Oberpfalz Forest, north-east Bavaria, West Germany, and their significance in the tectonic evolution of the Bohemian Massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:507-512, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.48 --- I. S. Sanders: Phase relations and P-T conditions for eclogite-facies rocks at Glenelg, north-west Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:513-517, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.49 --- Shohei Banno and Chihiro Sakai: Geology and metamorphic evolution of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:519-532, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.50 --- Akira Takasu: P-T histories of peridotite and amphibolite tectonic blocks in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:533-538, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.51 --- A. C. Barnicoat and N. Fry: Eoalpine high-pressure metamorphism in the Piemonte zone of the Alps: south-west Switzerland and north-west Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:539-544, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.52 --- H.-J. Massonne and C. Chopin: P-T history of the Gran Paradiso (Western Alps) metagranites based on phengite geobarometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:545-549, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.53 --- P. J. Treble: The Voltri Group, northern Italy: an Alpine ophiolite massif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:551-556, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.54 --- Colin N. Waters: The metamorphic evolution of the Schistes lustrés ophiolite, Cap Corse, Corsica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 43:557-562, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.043.01.55

Description / Table of Contents: Acknowledgments --- Chapter 1: Introduction and Summary to Poverty Reduction Policies and Practices in Developing Asia --- Part One: Poverty Alleviation with Microfinance --- Chapter 2: Poverty Alleviation with Microfinance: Bangladesh Evidence --- Chapter 3: Does Microcredit Help the Poor and Financially Marginalized Communities? Experience of Pakistan --- Part Two: Climate Change, Disaster Management and Poverty Reduction --- Chapter 4: Climate Change, Agricultural Production and Poverty in India --- Part Three: Urban Poverty Reduction Policies --- Chapter 5: Urban Poverty in Developing Asia—Dichotomy between the Income and Non-Income Dimensions: Are We Not Grossly Underestimating Its Incidence? --- Chapter 6: Housing Poverty and Inequality in Urban India --- Part Four: Rural Poverty Reduction Policies --- Chapter 7: Evaluation of the Policy of Crop Diversification as a Strategy for Reduction of Rural Poverty in India --- Chapter 8: Conflict and Livelihood Decisions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh --- Part Five: Dimensions of Poverty and its Reductions --- Chapter 9: Decomposing Spatial Inequality in Sri Lanka: A Quantile Regression Approach --- Chapter 10: Non-Income Dimensions, Prevalence, Depth and Severity of Poverty: Spatial Estimation with Household Level Data in India --- Chapter 11: Is Poverty Comparable Across Varying Size of Population Among Indian States? --- Part Six: Sustainability in Poverty Reduction --- Chapter 12: The Significance of Foreign Labour Migration and Land for Poverty Reduction in Nepal --- Chapter 13: Does Poverty Alone Keep Children Out of School? The Case of Children under Kinship Care in the Philippines --- Part Seven: Alleviation of Poverty in Asia and the Pacific --- Chapter 14: Economic Class and Labour Market Segregation: Poor and Middle Class Workers in Developing Asia and the Pacific --- Chapter 15: Foreign Direct Investment and the Poverty Reduction Nexus in Southeast Asia

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Needs for New Global Strategies --- Part I. Global Business Strategy --- 2. Management Strategies for Global Businesses --- 3. Changes in the Global Economic Environment --- 4. Comparison of Economic Institutions in China and India --- 5. New Business Model as Response to Competition from Emerging Economies --- 6. India’s Neemrana Industrial Park for Japanese Firms --- Part II. Fundamentals Of Strategic Planning --- 7. Alliance-based Global Strategy --- 8. Hitachi Construction Machinery: Becoming a Wholly Owned Chinese Entity --- 9. Marketing Theory in Global Business Context --- 10. Shiseido Marketing in China --- 11. International R&D Management --- 12. Multinationals’ R&D in China and India --- 13. Thailand’s National Science and Technology Development Agency and Japanese Firms --- 14. Suzuki Motor’s Expansion in India --- 15. Strategy Integration at the Global Level

Description / Table of Contents: Our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that regulate the evolution of magmatic systems has improved tremendously since the foundations were laid down 100 years ago by Bowen. The concept of crustal magma chambers has progressively evolved from molten-rock vats to thermally, chemically and physically heterogeneous reservoirs that are kept active by the periodic injection of magma. This new model, while more complex, provides a better framework to interpret volcanic activity and decipher the information contained in intrusive and extrusive rocks. Igneous/metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology and numerical modelling all contributed towards this new picture of crustal magmatic systems. This book provides an overview of the wide range of approaches that can nowadays be used to understand the chemical, physical and temporal evolution of magmatic and volcanic systems.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Gastrointestinal digestion models, general introduction --- Static digestion models general introduction --- InfoGest consensus method --- Approaches to static digestion models --- Dynamic digestion models general introduction --- The TNO gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM) --- Dynamic Gastric Model (DGM) --- Human Gastric Simulator (Riddet model) --- The DIDGI® System --- General introduction to cells, cell lines and cell culture --- Epithelial cell models; General introduction --- Caco-2 cell line --- HT29 cell line --- The IPEC-J2 cell line --- Co-cultivation of Caco-2 and HT-29MT --- Innate and adaptive immune cells; General introduction --- THP-1 and U937 cells --- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- PBMC-derived T cells --- Dendritic Cells --- Co-culture Caco-2/ immune cells --- Enteroendocrine Cell Models: General introduction --- STC-1 cells --- NCI-H716 cells --- Murine GLUTag cells --- In vitro intestinal tissue models: General introduction --- Intestinal crypt organoids as experimental models --- Porcine ex vivo intestinal segment model --- Ussing chamber --- In vitro fermentation models: General Introduction --- One compartment fermentation model --- The TNO in vitro model of the colon - TIM-2 --- The Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem – SHIME® --- The computer-controlled multicompartmental dynamic model of the gastrointestinal system SIMGI

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Problem of Residue Management due to Rice Wheat Crop Rotation in Punjab --- Chapter 2: The Extent and Management of Crop Stubble --- Chapter 3: Valuation of the Health Impact --- Chapter 4: Alternative Uses of Crop Stubble --- Chapter 5: Environment Legislation in India as a Whole and in the State of Punjab --- Chapter 6: Policies for Restricting the Agriculture Residue Burning in Punjab --- Chapter 7: Concluding Remarks and Policy Implications --- References --- Annexure

Description / Table of Contents: Microbial carbonates (microbialites) are remarkable sedimentary deposits. They have the longest geological range of any type of biogenic limestones, form in the greatest range of different sedimentary environments, oxygenated the Earth's atmosphere and produce and, furthermore, store large volumes of hydrocarbons. This Special Publication provides significant contributions at a pivotal time in our understanding of microbial carbonates when their economic importance has become established and the results of many research programmes are coming to fruition. It is the first book to focus on the economic aspects of microbialites and in particular the giant pre-salt discoveries offshore Brazil. The volume contains papers on the processes involved in the formation of both ancient and modern microbialites and the diversity of style in microbial carbonate build-ups. Structures and fabrics from both marine and non-marine settings are discussed from throughout the geological record.

Description / Table of Contents: The practical application of structural geology in industry is varied and diverse; it is relevant at all scales, from plate-wide screening of new exploration areas down to fluid-flow behaviour along individual fractures. From an industry perspective, good structural practice is essential since it feeds into the quantification and recovery of reserves and ultimately underpins commercial investment choices. Many of the fundamental structural principles and techniques used by industry can be traced back to the academic community, and this volume aims to provide insights into how structural theory translates into industry practice. Papers in this publication describe case studies and workflows that demonstrate applied structural geology, covering a spread of topics including trap definition, fault seal, fold-and-thrust belts, fractured reservoirs, fluid flow and geomechanics. Against a background of evolving ideas, new data types and advancing computational tools, the volume highlights the need for structural geologists to constantly re-evaluate the role they play in solving industrial challenges.

Description / Table of Contents: Geomaterials derived from the Earth's crust and used in construction after appropriate processing are among the earliest raw materials exploited, processed and used by humans. Their numerous functional properties include accessibility, workability and serviceability, and these are explored within this volume. In modern society, sustainable use of raw materials, specifically those exploited in large volumes such as geomaterials for construction, raises questions of reducing extraction of primary resources and thus minimizing impacts on natural systems, and also employment of materials and technologies to lower emissions of deleterious substances into the atmosphere. This will be possible only if we fully understand the properties, processing and mode of use of traditional geomaterials. Although most of the papers within this volume were written by geologists, the contributions will also be of interest to those working in cultural heritage, monument conservation, civil engineering and architecture.

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword --- Preface --- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research --- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution --- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter --- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans --- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter --- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life --- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment --- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector --- Part 4 Micro plastics --- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions --- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal --- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats --- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects --- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review --- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review --- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter --- Micro and nano-plastics and human health --- The economics of marine litter --- Regulation and management of marine litter --- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science

Description / Table of Contents: Part I Markets, Regulation, and Model Risk --- A Random Holding Period Approach for Liquidity-Inclusive Risk Management --- Regulatory Developments in Risk Management: Restoring Confidence in Internal Models --- Model Risk in Incomplete Markets with Jumps --- Part II Financial Engineering --- Bid-Ask Spread for Exotic Options Under Conic Finance --- Derivative Pricing Under the Possibility of Long Memory in the supOU Stochastic Volatility Model --- A Two-Sided BNS Model for Multicurrency FX Markets --- Modeling the Price of Natural Gas with Temperature and Oil Price as Exogenous Factors --- Copula-Specific Credit Portfolio Modeling --- Implied Recovery Rates—Auctions and Models --- Upside and Downside Risk Exposures of Currency Carry Trades via Tail Dependence --- Part III Insurance Risk and Asset Management --- Participating Life Insurance Contracts Under Risk Based Solvency Frameworks: How to Increase Capital Efficiency by Product Design --- Reducing Surrender Incentives Through Fee Structure in Variable Annuities --- A Variational Approach for Mean-Variance-Optimal Deterministic Consumption and Investment --- Risk Control in Asset Management: Motives and Concepts --- Worst-Case Scenario Portfolio Optimization Given the Probability of a Crash --- Improving Optimal Terminal Value Replicating Portfolios --- Part IV Computational Methods for Risk Management --- Risk and Computation --- Extreme Value Importance Sampling for Rare Event Risk Measurement --- A Note on the Numerical Evaluation of the Hartman–Watson Density and Distribution Function --- Computation of Copulas by Fourier Methods --- Part V Dependence Modelling --- Goodness-of-fit Tests for Archimedean Copulas in High Dimensions --- Duality in Risk Aggregation --- Some Consequences of the Markov Kernel Perspective of Copulas --- Copula Representations for Invariant Dependence Functions --- Nonparametric Copula Density Estimation Using a Petrov–Galerkin Projection

Description / Table of Contents: Contents --- Foreword --- Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview --- Chapter 2: The Three Phases of Global Liquidity --- 2.1: Conceptual and Measurement Issues --- 2.2: First Phase of Global Liquidity --- 2.2.1: Round-trip Bank Flows to the US --- 2.2.2: Banking Sector Flows to the Rest of the World --- 2.2.3: Exchange Rates and Leverage --- 2.3: Second Phase of Global Liquidity --- 2.4: The Case of Emerging Asia --- 2.5: Third Phase and Onward --- 2.6: References --- Chapter 3: Early Warning Indicators for Financial Vulnerabilities --- 3.1: Principles for Selection of Early Warning Indicators --- 3.2: Core and Noncore Liabilities --- 3.3: References --- Chapter 4: Emerging Asia’s Noncore Liabilities and Policy Effectiveness --- 4.1: Bank-led Flows, Noncore Liabilities, and Credit Growth --- 4.2: Reassessing Monetary Policy --- 4.3: Appendix --- 4.4: References --- Chapter 5: Capital Flows and Income Distribution --- 5.1: National Policy Remains Key --- 5.2: How Capital Flows Affect Income Inequality --- 5.3: Prioritization for a Multi-Objective Goal --- 5.4: Appendix --- 5.5: References --- Chapter 6: Policy Implications --- 6.1 Tailoring Policies to Vulnerabilities --- 6.2 Macroprudential Tools --- 6.2.1 Bank Capital-Oriented Tools --- 6.2.1.1 Capital Requirements that Adjust Over the Cycle --- 6.2.1.2 Forward-Looking Provisioning --- 6.2.1.3: Leverage caps --- 6.2.1.4: Loan-To-Value and Debt-Service-To-Income Caps --- 6.2.1.5: Loan-to-Deposit caps --- 6.2.1.6: Levy on Noncore Liabilities --- 6.2.1.7: Unremunerated Reserve Requirements --- 6.2.2: Relative Merits of URR versus Levies/Taxes --- 6.2.3: Relationship with other Stabilization Policies --- 6.3: Financial Integration and Institutional Design --- 6.4: Policy Choices --- 6.5: References

Description / Table of Contents: Issue Mapping for an Ageing Europe is a seminal guide to mapping social and political issues with digital methods. The issue at stake concerns the imminent crisis of an ageing Europe and its impact on the contemporary welfare state. The book brings together three leading approaches to issue mapping: Bruno Latour's social cartography, Ulrich Beck's risk cartography and Jeremy Crampton's critical neo-cartography. These modes of inquiry are put into practice with digital methods for mapping the ageing agenda, including debates surrounding so-called 'old age', cultural philosophies of ageing, itinerant care workers, not to mention European anti-ageing cuisine. Issue Mapping for an Ageing Europe addresses an urgent social issue with new media research tools.

Description / Table of Contents: Having emerged from the end of the Cold War as a unified country, Germany has quickly become the second largest exporter in the world. Its economic might has made it the center of the Eurozone and the pivotal power of Europe. Like other geo-economic powers, Germany's foreign policy is characterized by a definition of the national interest in economic terms and the elevation of economic interests over non-economic values such as human rights or democracy promotion. This strategic paradigm is evident in German's relationship with China, the Gulf States and Europe, but it is most important in regard to its evolving policies towards Russia. In this book, Stephen F. Szabo provides a description and analysis of German policy towards Russia, revealing how unified Germany is finding its global role in which its interests do not always coincide with the United States or its European partners. He explores the role of German business and finance in the shaping of foreign policy and investigates how Germany's Russia policy effects its broader foreign policy in the region and at how it is perceived by key outside players such as the United States, Poland and the EU. With reference to public, opinion, the media and think tanks Szabo reveals how Germans perceive Russians, and he uncovers the ways in which its dealings with Russia affect Germany in terms of the importing of corruption and crime. Drawing on interviews with key opinion-shapers, business and financial players and policy makers and on a wide variety of public opinion surveys, media reports and archival sources, his will be a key resource for all those wishing to understand the new geo-economic balance of Europe.

Description / Table of Contents: Scandinavia and its Arctic territories of Svalbard and Greenland represent geographical regions with a long history of Mesozoic palaeontology. However, the last few decades have witnessed a surge of new discoveries. Especially famous are the Triassic and Late Jurassic Lagerstätten of East Greenland and Spitsbergen in the Svalbard Archipelago, together with the Late Cretaceous strata of southern Sweden and the UNESCO World Heritage locality at Stevns Klint in Denmark. The latter records one of the most complete terminal Mesozoic rock successions known globally. Collectively, these deposits encompass the spectrum of Mesozoic biotic evolution, including the explosive radiation of marine faunas after the Permian–Triassic extinction, seminal specialization of amniotes for life in the sea, Late Triassic–Jurassic domination of the land by dinosaurs and the Cretaceous development of modern terrestrial floras and marine ecosystems. This volume, authored by leading experts in the field, encapsulates key aspects of the latest research and will provide a benchmark for future investigations into the Scandinavian Mesozoic world.

Description / Table of Contents: Field studies over a range of scales have been important in the upstream oil and gas industry for decades. Advances in digital outcrop characterization and data capture, coupled with increased computational capabilities, have resulted in a resurgence in fieldwork; these field studies are required to develop depositional, stratigraphic and structural concepts and provide the data which underpin the current generation of complex, computer generated, 3D subsurface models. These models provide an informed means of benchmarking the subsurface along with a more considered view of subsurface uncertainty and management of the risks identified. The papers in this volume cover safety in the field, frontier basin petroleum system assessment, field appraisal and development including unconventional resources, applications of techniques such as LiDAR and 3D photogrammetry, and uncertainty characterization. The studies were undertaken in diverse locations such as the Faroe Islands, Italy, Algeria, India, the USA and Trinidad; they represent a range of tectonic settings and a wide geological time frame. The spectrum of papers is testament to the value and integral position that fieldwork occupies within the modern hydrocarbon industry.

Description / Table of Contents: Questo volume è l’esito del confronto e delle riflessioni sviluppate durante il II Workshop “AIIG Giovani” organizzato a Roma nell’aprile del 2013. Nasce da un desiderio, quello di presentare l’importanza della combinazione tra metodi d’indagine tradizionali e nuovi per costruire sapere geografico, e da una passione, sostenuta dall’intreccio di relazioni umane che si evolvono nel tempo. Per chiarire quale possa essere il contributo della geografia alla comprensione del mondo contemporaneo, sempre più complesso, gli autori presentano le principali metodologie geografiche in quattro sezioni: “Territori della tecnologia”, “Identità, spazi, luoghi”, “Nodi della rete” e “Approcci sperimentali nella scuola che cambia”. Emerge dal lavoro un quadro multifocale che rispecchia la poliedricità e la trasversalità della geografia contemporanea, ancorato al comune bisogno di sviluppare strumenti interpretativi e d’azione. Ci si muove nell’ambito di una geografia critica e della complessità in grado di fornire ai cittadini globali differenti strumenti di interpretazione e comprensione del mondo, nuove metafore a partire dalle quali costruire e sperimentare forme alternative di cittadinanza consapevole ed attiva. Qui la geografia ritrova lo slancio di una disciplina fertile capace non solo di descrivere la Terra, ma anche di immaginare e creare nuovi mondi possibili. L’approdo naturale di questo percorso è la realtà scolastica dove è possibile sperimentare nuove forme di sapere e azione per rispondere alla sfida educativa contemporanea.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Context and Objective --- Introduction: A Critical Appraisal of Major Water Engineering Projects and the Need for Interdisciplinary Approaches --- Water Ethics – Orientation for Water Conflicts as Part of Inter- and Transdisciplinary Deliberation --- Part II: Major Water Engineering Projects – Challenges, Problems, Opportunities.- Major Water Engineering Projects: Definitions, Framework Conditions, Systemic Effects --- A Global View on Future Major Water Engineering Projects --- Neglected Values of Major Water Engineering Projects: Ecosystem Services, Social Impacts and Economic Valuation --- Water Governance: A Systemic Approach --- Research in two Case Studies: Irrigation and Land Use in the Fergana Valley and Water Management in the Lower Jordan Valley --- Part III: The Fergana Valley – Uzbekistan’s Hydro-Agricultural System between Inertia and Change --- Between Multiple Transformations and Systemic Path Dependencies --- From Upscaling to Rescaling – Transforming the Fergana from Tsarist Irrigation to Water Management for an Independent Uzbekistan --- Irrigation Infrastructure in Fergana Today: Ecological Implications –Economic Necessities --- Where Water Meets Agriculture: The Ambivalent Role of the Water Users Associations --- Theory, the Market and the State: Agricultural Reforms in Post Socialist Uzbekistan between Economic Incentives and Institutional Obstacles --- Part IV: The Lower Jordan Valley – The Red Sea-Dead Sea Conveyance Project and its Complex History --- Water Resources, Cooperation and Power Asymmetries in the Water Management of the Lower Jordan Valley – The Situation Today and the Path that has led there --- Reclaiming the Dead Sea: Alternatives for Action --- Jordan’s Shadow State and Water Management: Prospects for Water Security will depend on Politics and Regional Cooperation --- Technologies, Incentives and Cost Recovery: Is there an Israeli Role Model? --- Part V: Outlook and Options for Action --- Lessons Learnt, Open Research Questions and Recommendations

Description / Table of Contents: Viruses infect numerous microorganisms including, predominantly, Bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) but also Archaea, Protists, and Fungi. They are the most abundant and ubiquitous biological entities on Earth and are important drivers of ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the vast majority of these viruses of microorganisms, or VoMs. Modern techniques such as metagenomics have enabled the discovery and description of more presumptive VoMs than ever before, but also have exposed gaps in our understanding of VoM ecology. Exploring the ecology of these viruses – which is how they interact with host organisms, the abiotic environment, larger organisms, and even other viruses across a variety of environments and conditions – is the next frontier. Integration of a growing molecular understanding of VoMs with ecological studies will expand our knowledge of ecosystem dynamics. Ecology can be studied at multiple levels including individual organisms, populations, communities, whole ecosystems, and the entire biosphere. Ecology additionally can consider normal, equilibrium conditions or instead perturbations. Perturbations are of particular interest because measuring the effect of disturbances on VoM-associated communities provides important windows into how VoMs contribute to ecosystem dynamics. These disturbances in turn can be studied through in vitro, in vivo, and in situ experimentation, measuring responses by VoM-associated communities to changes in nutrient availability, stress, physical disruption, seasonality, etc., and could apply to studies at all ecological levels. These are considered here across diverse systems and environments.

Description / Table of Contents: The West Africa margin, formed by the progressive separation of the South American and African continents, has enjoyed a rich and varied exploration history and become a significant hydrocarbon-producing region. The amalgamation of hydrocarbon exploration approaches and imaginative ideas, leveraged with modern technologies, is yielding significant scientific and economic successes within the region. The main objective of this Special Publication is to provide an overview of the advancement in understanding of the crustal structure, tectonic evolution and Mesozoic to Cenozoic stratigraphy of the West Africa margin both onshore and offshore, with a particular focus on the petroleum geology.

Description / Table of Contents: Could oil prices stay lower for longer? What would it take for this to happen and what it would mean for energy security and for the energy transition? - India is set for a period of rapid, sustained growth in energy demand: how could this re-shape the energy scene? - What do new climate pledges mean for the way that the world meets its rising needs for energy?- What are the implications of the rising coverage of energy efficiency policies and the growing competitiveness of renewables? - Is the unconventional gas revolution going to go global, or to remain a North American phenomenon? These issues – and many more – are discussed here, with a special focus on India accompanying the customary, in-depth WEO analysis of the prospects for all fossil fuels, renewables, the power sector and energy efficiency around the world to 2040.

Description / Table of Contents: At a time when the Digital Republic Bill is proposing to insert provisions relating to open access in the French Research Code, the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), alongside its partners in the ISTEX project, as well as a large number of researchers and actors in the field of public research, are offering via this White Paper the results of their deliberations and analyses.For several years now, the scientific community involved in public research has been arguing for the need to create a legal and organisational framework for access to scientific and technical data and information in the digital world, in particular data from its own research activities.This White Paper gives an account of these reflections on the practices of researchers with regard to the use of scientific and technical information and digital tools. The package of proposals for the creation of Open Science is the result of combined efforts and powerful testimonies from the world of research.

Description / Table of Contents: Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) and water banking are of increasing importance to water resources management. MAR can be used to buffer against drought and changing or variable climate, as well as provide water to meet demand growth, by making use of excess surface water supplies and recycled waters. Along with hydrologic and geologic considerations, economic and policy analyses are essential to a complete analysis of MAR and water banking opportunities. The papers included in this Special Issue fill a gap in the literature by revealing the range of economic and policy considerations relevant to the development and implementation of MAR programs. They illustrate novel techniques that can be used to select MAR locations and the importance and economic viability of MAR in semi-arid to arid environments. The studies explain how MAR can be utilized to meet municipal and agricultural water demands in water-scarce regions, as well as assist in the reuse of wastewater. Some papers demonstrate how stakeholder engagement, ranging from consideration of alternatives to monitoring, and multi-disciplinary analyses to support decision-making are of high value to development and implementation of MAR programs. The approaches discussed in this collection of papers, along with the complementary and necessary hydrologic and geologic analyses, provide important inputs to water resource managers.

Description / Table of Contents: The earth is experiencing the adverse effect of climate change. In response to growing global warming issues and the constant increase of energy prices, house-builders and housing manufacturers today are becoming more responsive to the delivery of net zero energy and carbon dioxide emission sustainable homes than ever. Within this context, the sustainability may embrace housing economy and adequacy beyond the legitimacy in which the quality barely coincides with individuals' dynamic various needs, desires and expectations. In this special issue, "mass customisation" is reviewed being considered as a paradoxical concept which has been recognised as a means to lessen production costs of end-user products whilst achieving the customisability through economies of scope rather than economies of scale. Nevertheless, the housing industry's business operation tends to follow routines and the close system mode of operation often hinders the enterprises from adopting unfamiliar inn ovations which may be inevitable in realising the delivery and operation of socially, economically and environmentally sustainable homes. In order to deliver a marketable and replicable zero energy/emission mass custom home, or ZEMCH, the strategic balance between the optional and standard features seems to be critical. The optional features may be provided with the aim to enhance design quality (or customizability) that helps contribute to satisfying desires and expectations of individual stakeholders. The standard equipment, on the other hand, needs to be installed in buildings as it aims to exceed product quality whose levels can be adjusted in conjunction with societal demands and requirements. This edition encompasses a wide spectrum of hopes and fears around the design, production and marketing approaches to the ZEMCH delivery and operation, and showcases some exemplars budding out in different climates around the globe.

Description / Table of Contents: Geothermal energy has been harnessed for recreational uses for millennia, but only for electricity generation for a little over a century. Although geothermal is unique amongst renewables for its baseload and renewable heat provision capabilities, uptake continues to lag far behind that of solar and wind. This is mainly attributable to (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management—supported by robust models—and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, exploited far beyond its traditional confines in the world’s volcanic regions.

Description / Table of Contents: Reliable access to water, managing the spatial and temporal variability of water availability, ensuring the quality of freshwater and responding to climatological changes in the hydrological cycle are prerequisites for the development of countries in Africa. Water being an essential input for biomass growth and for renewable energy production (e.g. biofuels and hydropower schemes) plays an integral part in ensuring food and energy security for any nation. Water, as a source of safe drinking water, is furthermore the basis for ensuring the health of citizens and plays an important role in urban sanitation. The concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is seen as an opportunity to help manage water variability and the wide spread water scarcity in Africa. One key component missing from IWRM in Africa is the limited knowledge of the available extent and quality of water resources at basin level. Earth Observation (EO) technology can help fill this information gap by assessing and monitoring water resources at adequate temporal and spatial scales. The goal of this Special Issue is to understand and demonstrate the contribution which satellite observations, consistent over space and time, can bring to improve water resource management in Africa. Possible EO products and applications range from catchment characterization, water quality monitoring, soil moisture assessment, water extent and level monitoring, irrigation services, urban and agricultural water demand modeling, evapotranspiration estimation, ground water management, to hydrological modeling and flood mapping/forecasting. Some of these EO applications have already been developed by African scientists within the 10 year lifetime of the TIGER initiative: Looking after Water in Africa (http://www.tiger.esa.int), whose contributions are intended to be the starting point of this Special Issue and is only one example of the wide range of activities in the field. Contributions from the entire African and international scientific community dealing with the challenges of water resource management in Africa are the target of the special issue. In the years to come, an ever increasing number of international EO missions, such as the Landsat, ALOS, CBERS and RESOURCESAT mission suites, the family of Sentinel missions and the SMAP mission, will provide an unprecedented capacity to observe and monitor the different components of the water cycle. This Special Issue aims also at reviewing the latest developments in terms of new missions as well as related EO products and techniques that will be available in the near future to face some of the major challenges for IWRM in Africa.

Description / Table of Contents: This special issue contains selected papers from the 13th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling (ECM13), held Nov 4-6, 2013. The conference brings modelers from academic institutions, government and private industry together to present and discuss the latest developments in the field of marine environmental modeling. Begun in 1989 by Dr. Malcolm Spaulding, the conference is held every other year in a retreat-like setting with a maximum of about 125 people to encourage interaction and help strengthen ties between modeling communities. A wide range of modeling issues are encouraged, including advances in physical understanding, numerical algorithm development, model applications, and better tools. A wide range of modeling topics are encouraged as well, including storm surge, eutrophication, larval transport, search and rescue, oil spills, fisheries issues, coastal erosion and contaminated sediment transport. Many conferences also have special themes. The special theme of ECM13 was modeling related to Hurricane Sandy which in late October 2012 devastated the Caribbean and the US East Coast, including record flooding in New York City. The 22 papers presented here cover a broad spectrum of topics, including simulations of cohesive sediment, inundation, effluent mixing, shoaling waves, and water quality and with modeling applications from Alaska to New Zealand.

Description / Table of Contents: Terraforming is the process of making other worlds habitable for human life. Its counterpart on Earth – geoengineering – is receiving serious consideration as a way to address climate change. Contemporary environmental awareness and our understanding of climate change is influenced by science fiction, and terraforming in particular has offered scientists, philosophers, and others a motif for thinking in complex ways about our impact on planetary environments. This book asks how science fiction has imagined how we shape both our world and other planets and how stories of terraforming reflect on science, society and environmentalism. It traces the growth of the motif of terraforming in science fiction from H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1898) to James Cameron’s blockbuster Avatar (2009), in stories by such writers as Olaf Stapledon, Ray Bradbury, Robert Heinlein, Arthur C. Clarke, Frank Herbert, Ursula K. Le Guin, Ernest Callenbach, Pamela Sargent, Frederick Turner and Kim Stanley Robinson. It argues for terraforming as a nexus for environmental philosophy, the pastoral, ecology, the Gaia hypothesis, and the politics of colonisation and habitation. Amidst contemporary anxieties about climate change, terraforming offers an important vantage from which to consider the ways humankind shapes and is shaped by their world.

Description / Table of Contents: Frederiks, E.; Stenner, K.; Hobman, E. The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review. Energies 2015, 8(1), 573-609; doi:10.3390/en8010573 --- Sun, W.; He, Y.; Chang, H. Forecasting Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption for Power Generation Using QHSA-Based LSSVM Model. Energies 2015, 8(2), 939-959; doi:10.3390/en8020939 --- Gutierrez-Escolar, A.; Castillo-Martinez, A.; Gomez-Pulido, J.; Gutierrez-Martinez, J.; Stapic, Z.; Medina-Merodio, J. A Study to Improve the Quality of Street Lighting in Spain. Energies 2015, 8(2), 976-994; doi:10.3390/en8020976 --- Chew, K.; Klemeš, J.; Alwi, S.; Manan, Z.; Reverberi, A. Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1114-1137; doi:10.3390/en8021114 --- Kim, S.; Shin, K.; Choi, B.; Jo, J.; Cho, S.; Cho, Y. A Study on the Variation of Heating and Cooling Load According to the Use of Horizontal Shading and Venetian Blinds in Office Buildings in Korea. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1487-1504; doi:10.3390/en8021487 --- Sheng, P.; Yang, J.; Shackman, J. Energy’s Shadow Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Non-Parametric Input Distance Function Analysis. Energies 2015, 8(3), 1975-1989; doi:10.3390/en8031975 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(4), 2674-2700; doi:10.3390/en8042674 --- Li, W.; Li, H.; Sun, S. China’s Low-Carbon Scenario Analysis of CO2 Mitigation Measures towards 2050 Using a Hybrid AIM/CGE Model. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3529-3555; doi:10.3390/en8053529 --- Nasirov, S.; Silva, C.; Agostini, C. Investors’ Perspectives on Barriers to the Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources in Chile. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3794-3814; doi:10.3390/en8053794 --- Deng, X.; Yu, Y.; Liu, Y. Temporal and Spatial Variations in Provincial CO2 Emissions in China from 2005 to 2015 and Assessment of a Reduction Plan. Energies 2015, 8(5), 4549-4571; doi:10.3390/en8054549 --- Klimscheffskij, M.; Van Craenenbroeck, T.; Lehtovaara, M.; Lescot, D.; Tschernutter, A.; Raimundo, C.; Seebach, D.; Timpe, C. Residual Mix Calculation at the Heart of Reliable Electricity Disclosure in Europe—A Case Study on the Effect of the RE-DISS Project. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4667-4696; doi:10.3390/en8064667 --- Ferrara, R. The Smart City and the Green Economy in Europe: A Critical Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4724-4734; doi:10.3390/en8064724 --- Stenner, K.; Nwokora, Z. Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4899-4919; doi:10.3390/en8064899 --- Atlason, R.; Oddsson, G.; Unnthorsson, R. Theorizing for Maintenance Management Improvements: Using Case Studies from the Icelandic Geothermal Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4943-4962; doi:10.3390/en8064943 --- Ellenbeck, S.; Beneking, A.; Ceglarz, A.; Schmidt, P.; Battaglini, A. Security of Supply in European Electricity Markets—Determinants of Investment Decisions and the European Energy Union. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5198-5216; doi:10.3390/en8065198 --- Hasager, C.; Vincent, P.; Badger, J.; Badger, M.; Di Bella, A.; Peña, A.; Husson, R.; Volker, P. Using Satellite SAR to Characterize the Wind Flow around Offshore Wind Farms. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5413-5439; doi:10.3390/en8065413 --- Puigjaner, L.; Pérez-Fortes, M.; Laínez-Aguirre, J. Towards a Carbon-Neutral Energy Sector: Opportunities and Challenges of Coordinated Bioenergy Supply Chains-A PSE Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5613-5660; doi:10.3390/en8065613 --- Thollander, P.; Palm, J. Industrial Energy Management Decision Making for Improved Energy Efficiency—Strategic System Perspectives and Situated Action in Combination. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5694-5703; doi:10.3390/en8065694 --- Jänicke, M. Horizontal and Vertical Reinforcement in Global Climate Governance. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5782-5799; doi:10.3390/en8065782 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. Correction: The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 6247-6248; doi:10.3390/en8066247 --- Wang, W.; Ouyang, W.; Hao, F. A Supply-Chain Analysis Framework for Assessing Densified Biomass Solid Fuel Utilization Policies in China. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7122-7139; doi:10.3390/en8077122 --- Punys, P.; Dumbrauskas, A.; Kasiulis, E.; Vyčienė, G.; Šilinis, L. Flow Regime Changes: From Impounding a Temperate Lowland River to Small Hydropower Operations. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7478-7501; doi:10.3390/en8077478 --- Reid, G.; Wynn, G. The Future of Solar Power in the United Kingdom. Energies 2015, 8(8), 7818-7832; doi:10.3390/en8087818 --- Scott, C.; Sugg, Z. Global Energy Development and Climate-Induced Water Scarcity—Physical Limits, Sectoral Constraints, and Policy Imperatives. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8211-8225; doi:10.3390/en8088211 --- Lilliestam, J.; Patt, A. Barriers, Risks and Policies for Renewables in the Gulf States. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8263-8285; doi:10.3390/en8088263 --- Van Ackere, S.; Van Eetvelde, G.; Schillebeeckx, D.; Papa, E.; Van Wyngene, K.; Vandevelde, L. Wind Resource Mapping Using Landscape Roughness and Spatial Interpolation Methods. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8682-8703; doi:10.3390/en8088682 --- Komendantova, N.; Vocciante, M.; Battaglini, A. Can the BestGrid Process Improve Stakeholder Involvement in Electricity Transmission Projects?. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9407-9433; doi:10.3390/en8099407 --- Kiyar, D.; Wittneben, B. Carbon as Investment Risk—The Influence of Fossil Fuel Divestment on Decision Making at Germany’s Main Power Providers. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9620-9639; doi:10.3390/en8099620 --- Bernardes, L.; Carneiro, J.; Madureira, P.; Brandão, F.; Roque, C. Determination of Priority Study Areas for Coupling CO2 Storage and CH4 Gas Hydrates Recovery in the Portuguese Offshore Area. Energies 2015, 8(9), 10276-10292; doi:10.3390/en80910276 --- Dovì, V.; Battaglini, A. Energy Policy and Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Global Problem. Energies 2015, 8(12), 13473-13480; doi:10.3390/en81212379

Description / Table of Contents: This book contains five chapters detailing significant advances in and applications of new turbulence theory and fluid dynamics modeling with a focus on wave propagation from arbitrary depths to shallow waters, computational modeling for predicting optical distortions through hypersonic flow fields, wind strokes over highway bridges, optimal crop production in a greenhouse, and technological appliance and performance concerns in wheelchair racing. We hope this book to be a useful resource to scientists and engineers who are interested in the fundamentals and applications of fluid dynamics.

Description / Table of Contents: Radon, Health and Natural Hazards: a signpost for assessment and protection in the 21st century / G. K. Gillmore, F. E. Perrier and R. G. M. Crockett / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 1-5, 31 January 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.11 --- Radon as a carcinogenic built-environmental pollutant / Gavin K. Gillmore, Robin G. M. Crockett and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 7-34, 6 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.5 --- Significant annual and sub-annual cycles in indoor radon concentrations: seasonal variation and correction / Robin G. M. Crockett, Christopher J. Groves-Kirkby, Antony R. Denman and Paul S. Phillips / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 35-47, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.2 --- Radon as an anthropogenic indoor air pollutant as exemplified by radium-dial watches and other uranium- and radium-containing artefacts / Robin G. M. Crockett and Gavin K. Gillmore / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 49-61, 9 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.4 --- Radon dynamics in a dwelling with high radon levels in a karst area / J. Vaupotič, A. Brodar, A. Gregorič and I. Kobal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 63-82, 11 January 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.9 --- Radionuclides in groundwater, rocks and stream sediments in Austria – results from a recent survey / Gerhard Schubert, Rudolf Berka, Christian Katzlberger, Klaus Motschka, Monika Denner, Johannes Grath and Rudolf Philippitsch / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 83-112, 23 May 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.10 --- Effective radium-226 concentration in rocks, soils, plants and bones / Frédéric Perrier, Frédéric Girault and Hélène Bouquerel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 113-129, 21 November 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.8 --- Radon-222 and radium-226 occurrence in water: a review / Frédéric Girault, Frédéric Perrier and Tadeusz A. Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 131-154, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.3 --- Radon and carbon dioxide around remote Himalayan thermal springs / Frédéric Girault, Bharat Prasad Koirala, Mukunda Bhattarai and Frédéric Perrier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 155-181, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.6 --- Radon surveys and monitoring at active volcanoes: learning from Vesuvius, Stromboli, La Soufrière and Villarrica / C. Cigolini, M. Laiolo, D. Coppola, C. Trovato and G. Borgogno / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 183-208, 1 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.1 --- Radon: a radioactive therapeutic element / Tadeusz Andrzej Przylibski / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 451, 209-236, 2 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP451.7

Description / Table of Contents: Climate change will bring about significant changes to the capacity of, and the demand on, water resources. The resulting changes include increasing climate variability that is expected to affect hydrologic conditions. The effects of climate variability on various meteorological variables have been extensively observed in many regions around the world. Of these, rainfall is one of the most important variables. Understanding the effects of climate variability on spatial and temporal rainfall characteristics is of special interest to water resource policy makers. Investigating rainfall variability at the regional scale is essential for understanding potential impacts on humans and the natural environment. Atmospheric circulation, topography, land use and other regional features modify global changes to produce unique patterns of change at the regional scale. As the future changes to these water resources cannot be measured in the present, hydrological models are critical in the planning required to adapt our water resource management strategies to future climate conditions. Such models include catchment runoff models, reservoir management models, flood prediction models, groundwater recharge and flow models, and crop water balance models. In water-scarce regions such as Australia, urban water systems are particularly vulnerable to rapid population growth and climate change. In the presence of climate change induced uncertainty, urban water systems need to be more resilient and multi-sourced. Decreasing volumetric rainfall trends have an effect on reservoir yield and operation practices. Severe intensity rainfall events can cause failure of drainage system capacity and subsequent urban flood inundation problems. Policy makers, end users and leading researchers need to work together to develop a consistent approach to interpreting the effects of climate variability and change on water resources.

Description / Table of Contents: CIRIAF (Inter-University Research Center on Pollution and Environment “Mauro Felli” is a research center, based at the University of Perugia, which promotes interdisciplinary research activities in the fields of environmental pollution and its health and socio-economic effects, sustainable development, renewable and alternative energy, energy planning, and sustainable mobility. One hundred professors from fourteen different Italian universities are involved in the activities of the center. The CIRIAF National Congress (e.g., the fourteenth one in 2014), has become, over time, an important event for researchers and experts (engineers, physicists, chemists, architects, doctors, and economists). These individuals are not simply academics; they also hail from ministries, environmental agencies, and local authorities. The annual meeting in Perugia is an opportunity to discuss the issues related to energy, environment and sustainable development. The Special Issue will include the best papers presented at the Congress. These were selected by the Scientific Committee with the help of the various Chairmen of the Sessions. The papers cover all the various aspects of sustainability, from an interdisciplinary point of view, with a strong emphasis on the link between energy production, use and conservation, and environmental impact.

Description / Table of Contents: Polar microbiology is a promising field of research that can tell us much about the fundamental features of life. The microorganisms that inhabit Arctic and Antarctic environments are important not only because of the unique species they represent, but also because of their diverse and unusual physiological and biochemical properties. Furthermore, microorganisms living in Polar Regions provide useful models for general questions in ecology and evolutionary biology given the reduced complexity of their ecosystems, the relative absence of confounding effects associated with higher plants or animals, and the severe biological constraints imposed by the polar environment. In terms of applied science, the unique cold-adapted enzymes and other molecules of polar microorganisms provide numerous opportunities for biotechnological development. Another compelling reason to study polar microbial ecosystems is the fact that they are likely to be among the ecosystems most strongly affected by global change. For these reasons, polar microbiology is a thriving branch of science with the potential to provide new insights into a wide range of basic and applied issues in biological science. In this context, it is timely to review and highlight the progress so far and discuss exciting future perspectives. In this special issue, some of the leaders in the field describe their work, ideas and findings.

Description / Table of Contents: The development of renewable energy technologies (such as wind, solar, and biomass) has accelerated the establishment of a low-carbon society. This book provides a glimpse of some recent advancements in modelling, control, electrical generators and power converters, and social and political aspects of utilising these renewable sources of energy. It is aimed to provide some latest references for the readers who are interested in research work, energy policies, and social dimensions of renewable energy.

Description / Table of Contents: All living organisms are composed of major, minor, and trace elements, given by nature and supplied by geology. Medical geology is a rapidly growing discipline dealing with the influence of natural geological and environmental risk factors on the distribution of health problems in humans and animals. As a multi-disciplinary scientific field, medical geology has the potential of helping medical and public health communities all over the world in the pursuit of solutions to a wide range of environmental and naturally induced health issues. The natural environment can impact health in a variety of ways. The composition of rocks and minerals are imprinted on the air that we breathe, the water that we drink, and the food that we eat. For many people this transference of minerals and the trace elements they contain is beneficial as it is the primary source of nutrients (such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and about a dozen other elements) that are essential for a healthy life. However, sometimes the local geology can cause significant health problems because there is an insufficient amount of an essential element or an excess of a potentially toxic element (such as arsenic, mercury, lead, fluorine, etc.), or a harmful substance such as methane gas, dust-sized particles of asbestos, quartz or pyrite, or certain naturally occurring organic compounds. Current and future medical geology concerns include: dangerous levels of arsenic in drinking water in dozens of countries including the USA; mercury emissions from coal combustion and its bioaccumulation in the environment; the impacts of mercury and lead mobilizations in regions were artisanal gold mining is conducted; the residual health impacts of geologic processes such as volcanic emissions, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, and geogenic dust; exposure to fibrous minerals such as asbestos and erionite; and the health impacts of global climate change. Billions of people, most in developing countries, are afflicted by these and other environmental health issues that can be avoided, prevented, mitigated or minimized through research and educational outreach. This Special Issue of Geosciences discusses recent advances in medical geology, providing examples from research conducted all over the world. Among the topics to be discussed are: - Health effects from trace elements, metals and metalloids - Regional and global impacts of natural dust (including the study of nanoparticles) - Chemical and environmental pathology of diseases associated with natural environment - Novel analytical approaches to the study of natural geochemical and environmental agents - Research on beneficial health aspects of natural geological materials - Risk management, risk communication and risk mitigation on medical geology - Remote sensing and GIS applications on medical geology - Epidemiology and public health studies on medical geology - Climate change and medical geology - Clinical and toxicological research on biomarkers of exposure - Veterinary medical geology - Biosurveillance and biomonitoring studies on medical geology

Description / Table of Contents: The copper-cobalt outcrops of Upper Katanga and north-western Zambia host a particular flora which comprises an estimated 750 species of which more than 400 are treated in this copper-cobalt field guide. The aim of this book, resulting from several years of intensive field work and study, is to bring together the basic knowledges permitting an easy approach to the identification of a great number of the species to be encountered. More than 400 species are illustrated with color photographs and/or drawings together with comments concerning synonyms, habit, description, ecology and distribution. Plant species are listed and colour-coded according to classification: Cyanoprocaryota, lichenized Fungi, Anthocerophyta, Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta (red edge), Lycophyta and Monilophyta (green edge), Magnoliopsida (blue edge) and Liliopsida (yellow edge). An index allows easy location either according to genus and species. An account of the research on copper-cobalt ecosystems carried out during the last ten years in southeastern D.R. Congo is also presented. The editors have spent more than twenty years in the area concerned and have collected more than 8,500 voucher specimens, including eleven species new to science (holotypes).

Description / Table of Contents: Geohazards in Indonesia: Earth science for disaster risk reduction – introduction / Phil R. Cummins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 1-7, 6 September 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.11 --- Waves of destruction in the East Indies: the Wichmann catalogue of earthquakes and tsunami in the Indonesian region from 1538 to 1877 / Ron Harris and Jonathan Major / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 9-46, 24 May 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.2 --- Assessing tsunami hazard using heterogeneous slip models in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia / Jonathan D. Griffin, Ignatius R. Pranantyo, Widjo Kongko, Afif Haunan, Rahayu Robiana, Victoria Miller, Gareth Davies, Nick Horspool, Imun Maemunah, Wisnu B. Widjaja, Danny H. Natawidjaja and Hamzah Latief / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 47-70, 2 June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.3 --- Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction: evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards / Ian M. Watkinson and Robert Hall / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 71-120, 19 December 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.8 --- Sensitivity analysis for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in the Aceh Fault Segment, Indonesia / Amalfi Omang, Phil R. Cummins, David Robinson and Sri Hidayati / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 121-131, 9 June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.5 --- A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Sulawesi, Indonesia / A. Cipta, R. Robiana, J. D. Griffin, N. Horspool, S. Hidayati and Phil R. Cummins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 133-152, 26 April 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.6 --- Development of an engineering bedrock map beneath Jakarta based on microtremor array measurements / M. Ridwan, S. Widiyantoro, M. Irsyam, Afnimar and H. Yamanaka / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 153-165, 28 July 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.7 --- Towards real-time earthquake impact alerting in Indonesia / Sigit Pramono, Trevor I. Allen, Craig Bugden, Rakhindro Pandhu, Isabella Nindya, Hadi Ghasemi and Masturyono / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 167-178, 18 May 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.4 --- Empirical fatality model for Indonesia based on a Bayesian approach / I. Wayan Sengara, Made Suarjana, M. Addifa Yulman, Hadi Gashemi and Hyeuk Ryu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 179-187, 24 April 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.9 --- Evaluating a volcanic ash ground-loading hazard at Gunung Ciremai, West Java, Indonesia using PF3D / A. N. Bear-Crozier, N. Kartadinata, A. Heriwaseso and O. Nielsen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 189-198, 24 March 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.1 --- Understanding the trigger for the LUSI mud volcano eruption from ground deformation signatures / Heri Andreas, Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, Teguh P. Sidiq, Irwan Gumilar, Yosuke Aoki, Agus L. Hakim and Prihadi Sumintadiredja / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 441, 199-212, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP441.10

Description / Table of Contents: The book 'Applied Studies of Coastal and Marine Environments' is a collection of a number of high-quality and comprehensive work on coastal and marine environment. This book has an Introductory Chapter, followed by 15 chapters. Chapters 2 and 3 are devoted to coastal geological sedimentation and its impacts on marine environment. Consequently, Chapter 4 investigates neo-tectonic movement in the Pearl River Delta. Different aspects of the coastal pollution and its impacts are addressed in Chapter 5 through Chapter 13. Furthermore, coastal management is also discussed in Chapter 14, and monitoring the coastal environment using remote sensing and GIS techniques is reported in Chapter 15. Finally, Chapter 16 addresses the human history of maritime exploitation and adaptation process to coastal and marine environments. It is important to investigate the history of maritime exploitation and adaptation to environment coastal zone to learn how to explore the oceans.

Description / Table of Contents: This Encyclopedia comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed, from students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers in industry and politics. Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure, ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the “classical” research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an umbrella the term “marine geosciences” has been broadly accepted for this new complex field of research and the solutions of practical tasks in the marine realm.

Description / Table of Contents: Prior to May 2015, the oil-rich jurisdiction of Alberta had, for over four decades, been a one-party state. During that time, the rule of the Progressive Conservatives essentially went unchallenged, with critiques of government policy falling on deaf ears and Alberta ranking behind other provinces in voter turnout. Given the province’s economic reliance on oil revenues, a symbiotic relationship also developed between government and the oil industry. Cross-national studies have detected a correlation between oil-dependent economies and authoritarian rule, a pattern particularly evident in Africa and the Middle East. Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada sets out to test the “oil inhibits democracy” hypothesis in the context of an industrialized nation in the Global North.In probing the impact of Alberta’s powerful oil lobby on the health of democracy in the province, contributors to the volume engage with an ongoing discussion of the erosion of political liberalism in the West. In addition to examining energy policy and issues of government accountability in Alberta, they explore the ramifications of oil dependence in areas such as Aboriginal rights, environmental policy, labour law, women’s equity, urban social policy, and the arts. If, as they argue, reliance on oil has weakened democratic structures in Alberta, then what of Canada as whole, where the short-term priorities of the oil industry continue to shape federal policy? In Alberta, the New Democratic Party is in a position to reverse the democratic deficit that is presently fuelling political and economic inequality. The findings in this book suggest that, to revitalize democracy, provincial and federal leaders alike must find the courage to curb the influence of the oil industry on governance.

Description / Table of Contents: When citizens take collaborative action to meet the needs of their community, they are participating in the social economy. Co-operatives, community-based social services, local non-profit organizations, and charitable foundations are all examples of social economies that emphasize mutual benefit rather than the accumulation of profit. While such groups often participate in market-based activities to achieve their goals, they also pose an alternative to the capitalist market economy. Contributors to Scaling Up investigated innovative social economies in British Columbia and Alberta and discovered that achieving a social good through collective, grassroots enterprise resulted in a sustainable way of satisfying human needs that was also, by extension, environmentally responsible. As these case studies illustrate, organizations that are capable of harnessing the power of a social economy generally demonstrate a commitment to three outcomes: greater social justice, financial self-sufficiency, and environmental sustainability. Within the matrix of these three allied principles lie new strategic directions for the politics of sustainability.Whether they were examining attainable and affordable housing initiatives, co-operative approaches to the provision of social services, local credit unions, farmers’ markets, or community-owned power companies, the contributors found social economies providing solutions based on reciprocity and an understanding of how parts function within the whole—an understanding that is essential to sustainability. In these locally defined and controlled, democratically operated organizations we see possibilities for a more human economy that is capable of transforming the very social and technical systems that make our current way of life unsustainable.

Description / Table of Contents: Updates in Volcanology - From Volcano Modeling to Volcano Geology is a new book that is based on book chapters offered by various authors to provide a snapshot of current trends in volcanological researches. Following a short Introduction, the book consists of three sections, namely, "Understanding the Volcano System from Petrology, Geophysics to Large Scale Experiments", "Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impact to the Environment", and "Volcanism in the Geological Record". These sections collect a total of 13 book chapters demonstrating clearly the research activity in volcanology from geophysical aspects of volcanic systems to their geological framework. Each chapter provides a comprehensive summary of their subject’s current research directions. This book hence can equally be useful for students and researchers.

Description / Table of Contents: Greenhouse Gases - Selected Case Studies, is a book which covers a range of topics. The long term effective management of the natural environment, requires a detailed understanding of greenhouse gases. This has both environmental and economic implications, especially where there is any anthropogenic involvement. Numerical models are often the tool and framework used for predicting the effects, both in the long-term and short-term, of greenhouse gases. However, the relevant atmospheric processes can vary quite considerably depending upon the spatial and temporal scales under consideration. For this reason for the past few decades, scientists, engineers, meteorologists and mathematicians have all been continuing to conduct research into the many aspects which influence greenhouse gases. These issues range from: industrial science, agricultural research, carbon dioxide and other emissions. This book reports the findings from recent research in greenhouse gases, primarily in the the form of case studies, particularly from an interdisciplinary perspective. The research was carried out by researchers who specialise in areas such as: energy production, emissions from livestock, chemical industry, and metallurgical process technology.

Description / Table of Contents: The rapid urbanization that began with industrialization has begun to cause many problems. New approaches are emerging today to minimize these problems and make urban areas more livable. These problems include insufficient social facilities in urban areas for increasing populations due to migration and unbalanced use of green areas, water, and energy resources due to urbanization. Careless consumption and the pollution of natural resources will cause people many more problems in the future than they do today in urban development. Many professional disciplines have noticed this unbalanced development in urban areas. Urban areas have larger populations than rural areas today. Urban areas are developed neglectfully. Sustainability is needed as a criterion for urban areas to develop in a more livable and healthy fashion. Sustainable urban development approaches are seen in many fields, ranging from land use to the use of natural resources in urban areas.

Description / Table of Contents: Soumyajit Mukherjee, Achyuta Ayan Misra, Gérôme Calvès, and Michal Nemčok: Tectonics of the Deccan Large Igneous Province: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:1-9, first published on December 7, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.14 --- Vivek S. Kale, Gauri Dole, Devdutt Upasani, and Shilpa Patil Pillai: Deccan Plateau uplift: insights from parts of Western Uplands, Maharashtra, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:11-46, first published on July 20, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.2 --- Souvik Mitra, Kaushik Mitra, Saibal Gupta, Satadru Bhattacharya, Prakash Chauhan, and Nirmala Jain: Alteration and submergence of basalts in Kachchh, Gujarat, India: implications for the role of the Deccan Traps in the India–Seychelles break-up / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:47-67, first published on August 31, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.9 --- Vamdev Pathak, S. K. Patil, and J. P. Shrivastava: Tectonomagmatic setting of lava packages in the Mandla lobe of the eastern Deccan volcanic province, India: palaeomagnetism and magnetostratigraphic evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:69-94, first published on July 21, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.3 --- M. Nemčok and S. Rybár: Rift–drift transition in a magma-rich system: the Gop Rift–Laxmi Basin case study, West India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:95-117, first published on July 20, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.5 --- Achyuta Ayan Misra, Smita Banerjee, Nishikanta Kundu, and Brunti Mukherjee: Subsidence around oceanic ridges along passive margins: NE Arabian Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:119-149, first published on October 12, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.10 --- Harsh K. Gupta, Kusumita Arora, N. Purnachandra Rao, Sukanta Roy, V. M. Tiwari, Prasanta K. Patro, H. V. S. Satyanarayana, D. Shashidhar, C. R. Mahato, K. N. S. S. S. Srinivas, M. Srihari, N. Satyavani, Y. Srinu, D. Gopinadh, Haris Raza, Monikuntala Jana, Vyasulu V. Akkiraju, Deepjyoti Goswami, Digant Vyas, C. P. Dubey, D. Ch. V. Raju, Ujjal Borah, Kashi Raju, K. Chinna Reddy, Narendra Babu, B. K. Bansal, and Shailesh Nayak: Investigations of continued reservoir triggered seismicity at Koyna, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:151-188, first published on October 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.11 --- Prantik Mandal: Influence of Deccan volcanism/synrift magmatism on the crust–mantle structure and its implications for the seismogenesis of earthquakes occurring in the Kachchh rift zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:189-218, first published on July 11, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.6 --- Mita Rajaram, S. P. Anand, V. C. Erram, and B. N. Shinde: Insight into the structures below the Deccan Trap-covered region of Maharashtra, India from geopotential data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:219-236, first published on September 16, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.8 --- D. M. Maurya, Vikas Chowksey, A. K. Patidar, and L. S. Chamyal: A review and new data on neotectonic evolution of active faults in the Kachchh Basin, Western India: legacy of post-Deccan Trap tectonic inversion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:237-268, first published on September 19, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.7 --- Achyuta Ayan Misra and Soumyajit Mukherjee: Dyke–brittle shear relationships in the Western Deccan Strike-slip Zone around Mumbai (Maharashtra, India) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:269-295, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.4 --- Wei Ju, Guiting Hou, and K. R. Hari: Dyke emplacement in the Narmada rift zone and implications for the evolution of the Deccan Traps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:297-315, first published on May 30, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.1 --- R. D. Kaplay, M. D. Babar, Soumyajit Mukherjee, and T. Vijay Kumar: Morphotectonic expression of geological structures in the eastern part of the South East Deccan Volcanic Province (around Nanded, Maharashtra, India) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:317-335, first published on November 8, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.12 --- M. D. Babar, Ramakant D. Kaplay, Soumyajit Mukherjee, and P. S. Kulkarni: Evidence of the deformation of dykes from the Central Deccan Volcanic Province, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 445:337-353, first published on November 8, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP445.13

Description / Table of Contents: The topics of climate change, weather prediction, atmospheric sciences and other related fields are gaining increased attention due to the possible impacts of changes in climate and weather upon the planet. Concurrently, the increasing ability to computationally model the governing partial differential equations that describe these various topics of climate has gained a great deal of attention as well. In the current book, several aspects of these topics are examined to provide another stepping stone in recent advances in the fields of study and also focal points of endeavor in the evolving technology.

Description / Table of Contents: The reversible elimination of hydrogen from metal hydrides serves as the basis for unique methods of energy transformation. This technology has found widespread practical utilization in applications such as hydrogen compressors, storage, and sensors, as well as batteries. Moreover, it is plausible that metal hydride technology could be utilized to provide practically viable solutions to the challenges of energy storage. For nearly two decades, an extensive, worldwide research effort has been devoted to complex metal hydrides possessing high volumetric and/or gravimetric hydrogen densities with the goal of their practical utilization as onboard hydrogen storage materials. Additionally, a significant and growing number of efforts have been devoted to developing metal hydrides as advanced sensors and ionic conductors, and for electrochemical and stationary energy storage. This Special Issue will provide a sampling of on-going, state-of-art research on metal hydrides, ranging from fundamental investigations to practical applications with a concentration on topics which are currently of high interest.