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Geological storage of carbon dioxide (2004)

Baines, Shelagh J. [Hrsg.] ; Worden, Richard H. [Hrsg.]

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 05.0197

In: Geological Society special publication

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: 255 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.

ISBN: 1862391637

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 233

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol233/issue1/

Location: Reading room

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (2004)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Baines, Shelagh J. ; Worden, Richard H.

London : The Geological Society

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Description / Table of Contents: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main compound identified as affecting the stability of the Earth's climate. A significant reduction in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is a key mechanism for mitigating climate change. Geological storage of CO 2, or the injection and long-term stabilization of large volumes of CO 2 in the subsurface in saline aquifers, in existing hydrocarbon reservoirs or in unmineable coal seams, is one of the more technologically advanced options available. A number of studies have been carried out and are reported here. They are aimed at understanding the safety, physical and chemical behaviour and long-term fate of CO 2 when stored in geological formations. Until efficient, alternative energy options can be developed, geological storage of CO 2, the subject of this volume, provides a mechanism to reduce carbon emissions significantly whilst continuing to meet the global demand for energy.

Pages: Online-Ressource (255 Seiten)

ISBN: 1862391637

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/233/1.toc

Language: English

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Geological storage of carbon dioxide (2007)

Baines, Shelagh J. ; Worden, Richard H.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 233: 1-6.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: Carbon dioxide is the main compound identified as affecting the stability of the Earth's climate. A significant reduction in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is a key mechanism for mitigating against climate change. Geological storage of CO2, or the injection and stabilization of large volumes of CO2 in the subsurface in saline aquifers, existing hydrocarbon reservoirs or unmineable coal-seams, is one of the more technologically advanced options available. A number of studies have been carried out aimed at understanding the behaviour and long term fate of CO2 when stored in geological formations.

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The long-term fate of CO2 in the subsurface: natural analogues for CO2 storage (2007)

Baines, Shelagh J. ; Worden, Richard H.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 233: 59-85.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: CO2 is a common gas in geological systems so that planned storage of CO2 in the subsurface may do no more than mimic nature. Natural CO2 has a wide number of sources that can be at least partly identified by carbon stable isotope geochemistry. Three pairs of case studies with different reservoir characteristics and CO2 contents have been examined to assess the natural impact of adding CO2 to geological systems. Carbonate minerals partially dissolve when CO2 is added simply because the CO2 dissolves in water and forms an acidic solution. Therefore, carbonate minerals in the subsurface are not capable of sequestering secondary CO2. The addition of CO2 to a pure quartz sandstone (or a sandstone in which the supply of reactive aluminosilicate minerals has been exhausted by excess natural CO2 addition) will have no consequences: the CO2 will simply saturate the water and then build up as a separate gas phase. The addition of CO2 to carbonate cemented sandstone without reactive aluminosilicate minerals will induce a degree of carbonate mineral dissolution but no solid phase sequestration of the added CO2. When CO2 is naturally added to sandstones it will induce combined aluminosilicate dissolution and carbonate cementation if the aluminosilicate minerals contain calcium or magnesium (or possibly iron). Examination of a CO2-filled porous sandstone with abundant reactive aluminosilicate minerals that received a huge CO2 charge about 8000 to 100 000 years ago reveals minimal evidence of solid phase sequestration of the added CO2. This indicates that either dissolution of reactive aluminosilicates or precipitation of carbonate minerals is relatively slow. It is very likely that the slow dissolution of reactive aluminosilicates is the rate-limiting step. Solid phase sequestration of CO2 occurs only when reactive aluminosilicates are present in a rock and when the system has had many tens to hundreds of thousands of years to equilibrate. The two critical aspects of the behaviour of CO2 when injected into the subsurface are (1) that the rock must contain reactive Ca and Mg aluminosilicates and (2) that reaction to produce carbonate minerals is extremely slow on a human timescale. The reactive minerals include anorthite, zeolite, smectite and other Fe- and Mg-clay minerals. Such minerals are absent from clean sandstones and limestones but are present in dirty' standstones (lithic arenites which are mineralogically immature) and some mudstones. The analysis of geological analogues shows that injection of CO2 into carbonate-bearing rocks that do not contain reactive minerals will induce dissolution of the carbonate, whether it is a matrix cement, rock fragment, fault seal or part of a top-sealing mudstone.

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