ALBERT

Beschreibung: Py4HIP is an open-source software tool for Heat-In-Place calculations implemented as a self-explanatory Jupyter notebook written in Python (Py4HIP.ipynb) Calculating the Heat In Place (HIP) is a standard method for assessing the geothermal potential for a defined geological unit (e.g., Nathenson, 1975; Muffler and Cataldi, 1978; Garg and Combs, 2015). The respective implementation in Py4HIP is based on a volumetric quantification of contained energy after Muffler and Cataldi (1978), where the geological unit at hand is considered spatially variable in terms of its temperature, thickness, porosity, density and volumetric heat capacity of its solid and fluid (brine) components. The energy values

Beschreibung: The airborne hyperspectral image was acquired by the AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument during the AVIRIS-NG Europe 2021 HyperSense campaign that has been conducted as a joint effort of ESA, NASA/JPL and the University of Zurich. Acquired was an agricultural area near Irlbach, Germany on May 30th, 2021. The data was preprocessed (radiometrically, geometrically and atmospherically corrected) to contain 419 bands in the 402 - 2495 nm spectral range. Metadata was acquired on the same day for the variables Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Chlorophyll content, crop height and phenology. An overview of metadata acquisition and processing can be found in the HYPERedu YouTube videos on ground reference data acquisition in the field and ground reference data acquisition in the lab. More details on LAI and chlorophyll acquisition can be found in the field data guides assembled by the authors of this dataset via enmap.org (Danner et al., 2015; Süß et al., 2015). The dataset is made publically available within the massive open online course (MOOC) "Beyond the Visible - Introduction to Imaging Spectroscopy for Agricultural Applications", available from December 2022.

Beschreibung: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests on feldspar sand FS900S used for the simulation of brittle behaviour in crust- and lithosphere-scale analogue experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (Zwaan et al. in prep; Richetti et al. in prep). The materials have been characterized by means of internal friction parameters as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (Germany). According to our analysis both materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the feldspar sand are μP = 0.65, μD = 0.57, and μR = 0.62, respectively, and the Cohesion of the feldspar sand is in the order of 5-20 Pa. An insignificant rate-weakening of less than 1% per ten-fold rate change is registered for the feldspar sand. Granular healing is also minor.

Beschreibung: This dataset includes five stations of an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) experiment conducted at the southern end of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the Lau Basin, southwestern Pacific. The OBS recorded continuously for 32-days on 4 components, including a hydrophone and a 3-component 4.5 Hz geophone. The experiment was conducted during RV Sonne cruise SO267, project ARCHIMEDES I. In the article, the authors report an increasing trend of methane emissions for June and July at a permafrost site in Siberia (Lena River Delta). Using the longest set of observational methane flux data in the Arctic, the authors demonstrate that the continuous warming has begun to trigger the projected enhancement of methane release in Arctic permafrost ecosystems. This software is written in MATLAB. Running the codes ([.m files](Code)) and loading the data files ([.mat files](Data)) requires the pre-installation of [MATLAB](/https://de.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html). IMPORTANT: The repository only contains dummy data. The data that is needed to run the code can be requested by Torsten Sachs and Christian Wille (contact authors). Although the scripts and the data files have been tested for newer versions of MATLAB (〉= MATLAB R2017a). The code might also run in older versions of MATLAB, but this has not been tested.

Beschreibung: Orbital products describe positions and velocities of satellites, be it the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites or Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellites. These orbital products can be divided into the fastest available ones, the Near Realtime Orbits (NRT), which are mostly available within 15 to 60 minutes delay, followed by Rapid Science Orbit (RSO) products with a latency of two days and finally the Precise Science Orbit (PSO) which, with a latency of up to a few weeks, are the most delayed. The absolute positional accuracy increases with the time delay. This dataset compiles the RSO products for various LEO missions and the appropriate GNSS constellation in sp3 format. The individual solutions for each satellite mission are published with individual DOI as part of this compilation. GNSS Constellation: • GNSS 24h (v01) • GNSS 30h (v02) LEO Satellites: • CHAMP • GRACE • GRACE-FO • SAC-C • TanDEM-X/ TerraSAR-X Each solution is given in the Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (CTS). • The GNSS RSOs are 30-hour long arcs starting at 21:00 the day before the actual day and ending at 03:00 the day after. The accuracy of the GPS RSO sizes at the 3-cm level in terms of RMS values of residuals after Helmert transformation onto IGS combined orbit solutions (Version 1 GNSS RSOs are 24-hour long arcs starting at 00:00 and ending at 24:00 the actual day). • The LEO RSOs are generated based on these 30-hour GNSS RSOs in two pieces for the actual day with arc lengths of 14 hours and overlaps of 2 hours. One starting at 22:00 and ending at 12:00, one starting at 10:00 and ending at 24:00. The accuracy of the LEO RSOs is at the level of 1-2 cm in terms of SLR validation. The exact time covered by an arc is defined in the header of the files and indicated as well as in the filename. This dataset compiles RSO products for various LEO missions and the corresponding GNSS constellation in sp3 format in a revised processing version 2. The switch from previous version 1 to 2 was performed on 18-Feb-2019. Major changes from version 1 to 2 are the change from IERS 2003 to IERS 2010 conventions and ITRF 2008 to ITRF-2014, as well as the temporal extension of the GNSS constellation from previous 24 hours (version 1) to 30 hours (version 2) arcs. This temporal expansion eliminates the chaining of two consecutive 24-hour GNSS constellation solutions previously used to process day-overlapping LEO arcs in Version 1. This 24h GNSS constellation (Version 1) will continue to operate and be stored on the ISDC ftp server, as discussed in more detail in Section 8.1. All RSO LEO arcs will no longer be continued in version 1 after the changeover date and will only be available in version 2 since then.

Beschreibung: The scope of the Science Plan is to describe the scientific background, applications, and activities of the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) imaging spectroscopy mission. Primarily, this document addresses scientists and funding institutions, but it may also be of interest to environmental stakeholders and governmental agencies. It is designed to be a living document that will be updated throughout the entire mission lifetime. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of the principles and current state of imaging spectroscopy. This is followed by an introduction to the EnMAP mission, including its objectives and impact on international programs as well as major environmental and societal challenges. Chapter 2 describes the EnMAP system together with data products and access, calibration/validation, and synergies with other missions. Chapter 3 gives an overview of the major fields of application such as vegetation and forests, geology and soils, coastal and inland waters, cryosphere, urban areas, atmosphere and hazards. Finally, Chapter 4 outlines the scientific exploitation strategy, which includes the strategy for community building and training, preparatory flight campaigns and software developments. A list of abbreviations is provided in the annex to this document and an extended glossary of terms and abbreviations is available on the EnMAP website.

Beschreibung: The WHU-GRACE-GPD01s models are the latest monthly gravity field solutions recovered from GRACE intersatellite geopotential difference (GPD) data processed at the School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, China. The intersatellite GPDs are estimated from GRACE Level-1B (RL03) data based on the improved energy balance equation and remove-compute-restore (RCR) technique, and the background models are consistent with GRACE Level-2 processing standards document (RL06). Further details are presented in Zhong et al. (2020, 2022). The WHU-GRACE-GPD01s models include two sets of GRACE monthly solutions: one is the unconstrained monthly solutions with the maximum degree and order of 60, the other is the constrained monthly solutions up to the maximum degree and order 96 with Kaula regularization constraint, and the optimal regularization parameter is determined using variance component estimation (VCE). This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41974015, 41474019, 42061134007) and the Project Supported by the Special Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory (Grant No. 220100004).

Beschreibung: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the Onsala station (code OS, instrument GWR OSG 054) was established in 2009 thanks to the financial support of the Committee for Infrastructure of the Swedish Research Council, until 2021, and of the Swedish geodetic survey Lantmäteriet since 2021. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from OS are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Centre) at GFZ. The OS station (longitude: 11.9266 E; latitude: 57.3858 N and elevation: 7.93 m) is located at the Onsala Space Observatory, south of Gothenbourg, a well instrumented site for geodetic and meteorological studies (https://www.chalmers.se/en/researchinfrastructure/oso/Pages/default.aspx). An air-circulation system controls the humidity and temperature in the gravimeter house and there are 3 pillars available. Absolute gravity measurements are done every year by Lantmäteriet. - The time series of gravity and barometric pressure started in July 2009 and is going on. - The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 minute. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087). Rainfall data are also provided as auxiliary data to IGETS database. OS data are used in conjunction with projects of the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) - Working Group for Geodynamics (https://www.nordicgeodeticcommission.com/working-group-of-geodynamics/). Interactive graphs are available at https://lab3.oso.chalmers.se/wx/gravimeter_data/

Beschreibung: This dataset provides results from rheological tests of glucose syrup from two suppliers tested within the EPOS Multi-scale Laboratories (MSL) trans-national access (TNA) program 2019 at the Laboratory of Experimental Tectonics (LET), Univ. Roma TRE, Italy. Syrups Glucowheat 45/81 (GW45) and Glucowheat 60/79 (GW60) are produced by Blattmann Schweiz AG, Switzerland (2019 batch). Syrups GlucoSweet 44 (GS44) and GlucoSweet 62 (GS62) are produced by ADEA (Amidi Destrini ed Affini), Italy (2019 batch) . The four tested glucose syrups are labeled according to their DE value (dextrose equivalent value). For tested products from Blattmann Schweiz AG, the second number refers to the weight percentage of dry substance. Glucose syrup GS44 is used in full lithospheric scale analogue experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Lab (TecLab) at the University of Bern, Switzerland as a low-viscosity material simulating the asthenospheric mantle lithosphere to provide isostatic equilibration. The materials have been analyzed using a MCR301 Rheometer (Anton Paar) equipped with parallel plates geometry and rotational regime . To prevent the evaporation of the samples during the measurements, an external water-lock device has been used.

Beschreibung: The new unconstrained GRACE monthly solution SWPU-GRACE2021 is recently developed with the dynamic approach. The reprocessed GRACE L1B RL03 data and de-aliasing product AOD1B RL06 are applied to compute SWPU-GRACE2021. The arc length is variable according to the L1B data quality, but the maximum is no more than 24 hours. The bias vector and scale matrix of the GRACE Accelerometer observation ACC1B product are estimable parameters. The data covers the period from April 2002 to Mai 2017. Due to data quality problems, there are some data gaps between September 2016 and April 2017.

Beschreibung: Ireland Array is an array of 20 broadband seismometers that was operated by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies across the Republic of Ireland. The array comprised up to 20 stations running simultaneously, all equipped with Trillium 120PA seismometers and Taurus data loggers. The 20 stations were installed in 20102012. Some of the stations were moved to new locations in Ireland in the course of the operation of the array, either in order to enhance the data sampling of the island or when the old deployment sites became unsuitable. Ireland Array dramatically increased the seismic data sampling of Ireland and enabled advances and discoveries in the studies of the structure and evolution of Ireland’s crust and lithosphere, seismicity of Ireland, and mechanisms of the Paleogene intraplate volcanism in Ireland and surroundings.

Beschreibung: Project SWEAP (Southwest Indian Ridge Earthquakes and Plumes), a collaborative effort led by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, installed a network of 10 broad-band ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) along the ultraslow-spreading Oblique Supersegment of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The presented data set covers the continuous records of 8 stations of the network provided by the DEPAS instrument pool. One station of the original network could not be recovered, another one did not return data. The instruments were spaced at roughly 15 km intervals in a triangular shape network to either side of the rift axis covering about 60 km along axis between 13°E and 13.8°E and 60 km across axis between 52°S and 52.6°S. The determination of the OBS positions is described by Schmid et al. (2016). The network design was optimized for detecting and locating deep seismicity in the area. The rift valley was filled with soft silica ooze, producing considerable delay of S-phases at selected stations. Instrument deployment started during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/2 on December 05 2012. Instrument recovery was completed during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/8 on November 26 2013. 5 Refraction seismic lines were acquired by RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/8 from November 17 to 19 in 2013. All OBS could be synchronized with the GPS clock upon recovery such that skew values describing the clock drift are available for all stations. The non-linear clock drift of station SWE05 was determined by means of noise cross-correlations and applied to the data set. All other stations show a linear drift, which was corrected.

Beschreibung: Gakkel Deep is a pilot project that installed a network of four broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) near Gakkel Deep, the deepest depression in the Arctic Ocean, at the eastern end of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge. The area is covered year-round by sea ice. In order to enable a safe recovery of the OBS in a sea ice covered ocean, the OBS were modified to include a positioning system that allows to track the instruments at meter accuracy during descent and ascent and when stuck beneath ice floes. This pilot studied aimed at testing the recovery procedure of the OBS, checking the performance of the modified instrument design, getting an overview of ambient seismic noise at the bottom of the Arctic Ocean and at contributing to a better understanding of the origin of the Gakkel Deep depression with more than 3000 m of topography. The network is shaped as a rectangle with 8 km and 10 km side length and is centered at about 82°N 119.5°E at water depths between 3600 m and 4100 m. It is positioned slightly to the east of the present plate boundary in an area with volcanic structures. Instruments from the German Instrument Pool of Amphibian Seismology (DEPAS) were deployed during RV Polarstern cruise PS115/2 on September 15, 2018. Instrument recovery was completed during RV Polarstern cruise PS122/1 on September 27, 2019. The data set contains about 377 days of continuous records at 250 Hz sample rate. The station locations were determined with Ultra Short Baseline (USBL) ranging, the accuracy is approx. 10 m. The non-linear clock drift was determined by means of noise cross-correlations and applied to the data set.

Beschreibung: This data set is the part 8 of a series reporting chemical data for accessory minerals from felsic igneous rocks. Compositional data were acquired by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) between about 1995 and 2005 on surface rocks and borehole samples. This data set assembles the results of EPMA of fluorapatite from felsic rocks representing three groups of granites in the Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province of Germany emplaced in the late Carboniferous: F-poor biotite granites, F-poor two-mica granites, and P-F-rich Li-mica granite. In these rocks, fluorapatite is typically omnipresent. It has to be noted that apatite has not yet been in the focus of mineralogical studies of the granites in this province and a comprehensive survey of its compositional signature and variability in space and time is still pending. However, the data listed in this data set provide a valuable glimpse into the similarities and differences in apatite chemistry between geochemically distinct felsic rocks, and into the evolution in composition from early to late crystallizing apatite populations. The data underpin that apatite is a sensitive monitor of the compositional properties of the media (melts and fluids) from which it was deposited or with which it interacted. Apatite from the studied rocks is basically fluorapatite with little or no Cl and OH detected respectively inferred. Elemental variations are observed at various scales, i.e., between granite groups, subsequently crystallized sub-intrusion within composite massifs, grains present in a single thin section, or between the center and the rim of a particular grain. These variations in particular refer to the following elements: Mn, Fe, Na, and the rare-earth elements (REE). For example, measured Mn concentrations range from 0.15 to 8.8 wt% MnO. The data set contains the complete pile of electron-microprobe analyses for fluorapatite (APAT-ERZ-2020). The data are presented as Excel (xlsx) and tab-delimited text (txt) formats. The content of the tables and further information on the granites and regional geology are provided in the data description file.

Beschreibung: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Membach station is located near the river Vesdre. It consists of a 130 m long gallery excavated in the side of the valley that rises to the Hautes Fagnes plateau. At the end of the gallery, there are two rooms, located at ~45 m below the ground surface. Room 1 is dedicated to absolute gravity and seismic measurements; room 2 houses the superconducting gravimeter. The structure of the gallery and the rooms is in reinforced concrete. It was built in the early 1970s to monitor the seismic activity in the vicinity of the Gileppe and Eupen water reservoirs. Works were performed contemporeanously with the raising of the Gileppe dam. The gallery has been excavated in low-porosity argillaceous sandstone with quartzitic beds. As a function of rainfall and seasonal effects, gravity variations up to 40 nms-2 have been observed, and are mostly due to groundwater changes in the vadose zone above the underground laboratory (Van Camp et al., 2006). Strong rainfall induces rapid gravity decreases (Meurers et al 2007; Delobbe et al., 2019). At the surface, a beech forest. Absolute gravity measurements have been performed on average every month since 1996, using the FG5#202 gravimeter and the station is also the reference point for the Belgian gravity network. The SG GWR#C021 has been operating continuously since 1995 August so that, since 2017 September 18, it holds both records for the longest continuous time spent measuring gravity variations in the same place and for the longest superconducting levitation of an artefact (Van Camp et al., 2017). For high precision works like Earth tides analysis on long time series, data should not be used before 1998 June 12, when the original "TIDE" card in the SG electronics was replaced by the "GGP" one. Filters are different, and so are the transfer functions. Moreover, in this early period, the SG suffered from numerous technical issues, causing several changes in the amplitude and phase calibrations and making it difficult to ensure that the data are as reliable as after 1998 June.

Beschreibung: This package provides a set of tools to read, manipulate and convert seismic waveforms generated by DAS systems. In particular, the ones saved in TDMs format: - dasconv: This utility lets you convert and manipulate seismic waveforms in TDMs format and export them into MiniSEED. - tdmsws (experimental) - a stand-alone implementation of the FDSN Dataselect web service, which is able to serve miniSEED data extracted from a folder with TDMS files.

Beschreibung: This dataset comprises numerical outputs from the thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIE-GCM) simulations described in the article "Modeling of planetary wave influences on the pre-reversal enhancement of the equatorial F region vertical plasma drift" (Yamazaki & Diéval, 2021).

Beschreibung: This dataset resulted from a parallel monitoring at two lakes, Lake Tiefer See (near Klocksin, TSK; 53° 35.5’ N, 12° 31.8’ E; 62 masl; N Germany) and Lake Czechowskie (Jezioro Czechowskie, JC; 53° 52.4’ N, 18° 14.3’ E; 108 masl; N Poland), and includes four different type of data for both locations: (i) sediment cores microfacies data, (ii) sediment fluxes and composition, (iii) selected water column data, and (iv) selected meteorological information obtained on site. This dual lake monitoring set-up was established in 2012 with the aim to investigate seasonal sedimentation and varve forming processes in detail. The datasets are provided in individual *.csv files, per type of data and per lake. The thin section data from surface sediment cores comprises the thicknesses of the most recent calcite varves’ sub-layers: spring diatom sub-layer, summer calcite sub-layer, and autumn/winter re-suspension sub-layer. The sediment flux data was obtained from sediment traps located in different water depths (epi- and hypolimnion), and the sediment composition is given by the fluxes of total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate (as calculated from total inorganic carbon; TIC), and diatoms & inorganic matter. The water column data comprises water temperature from stationary loggers, and dissolved oxygen measured in ~ 1 meter depth-resolution. The meteorological data includes daily averages of air temperature and mean wind-speed, and summed daily rainfall. Further details about the sampling and analytical methods, data acquisition, and processing are given in Roeser et al. (2021; http://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12506).

Beschreibung: The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, which comprises two spacecraft, GRACE-A and GRACE-B, were launched on 17 March 2002 into a near-circular, polar (inclination = 89◦ ) orbit with an initial altitude of about 490 km. The two satellites follow each other at a distance of about 200 km. The primary objective of the GRACE mission is to provide global high-resolution models of the Earth’s gravity field. The instruments supporting our study are the K-Band Ranging System (KBR), and the GPS Space Receiver (GPS). The K-Band Ranging System (KBR) system is the key science instrument of GRACE which measures the dual one-way range change between both satellites with a precision of about 1 μm per second. From the KBR1B data we can get the change of Total Electron Content (TEC). In addition the GPS Navigation Data (GNV1B) can provide us the position of the two satellites. From these data we can derive the average electron density between the two satellites. The data are stored as daily ASCII files using the file naming convention 'KBRNE_YYYY_MM_DD.dat'. Headers in each data file contain a short name for each column. A more detailed description is provided in the readme file.

Beschreibung: The software RST Evaluation is a series of scripts to semi-automatically evaluate shear experiments done at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling. In principle, it may be used for other measurements done in a similar setup, but it was build with our standardized workflow in mind. The shear experiments are done in a ring shear type shear cell rst.pc01 manufactured by D. Schulze (Details in ASTM standard D-6773). It uses an easy and reproducible workflow to determine yield properties, cohesion and dilational properties of a granular bulk material, such as sand or glass beads.

Beschreibung: This data is an high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated for the Merapi summit by combining terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) photogrammetry data and TanDEM-X data acquired in the years between 2012 and 2017. The structures of the data are further analysed in Darmawan et al. 2017a (http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.006), and a previous DEM was available in Darmawan et al. 2017b (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2017.003). The 3D point clouds of the different data were merged and interpolated to a raster format (Geotiff format).

Beschreibung: The Proterozoic Carpentaria province in northern Australia is host to several of the world’s largest clastic dominant (CD-type) massive sulphide deposits. These deposits are mostly hosted primarily in dolomitic silt- and mudstones. The hydrothermal alteration footprint of these CD-type systems is not well constrained, which poses challenges for the targeting of future discoveries. One important aspect to developing alteration models relates to defining the composition of the unaltered protolith to mineralization. In this dataset, we provide whole rock lithogeocheochemical data generated from samples obtained from drill-holes that intersected the mineralization in the Teena subbasin. A small number of samples are from 2 drill-holes from an adjoining subbasin (Myrtle) in the area. The samples were selected from stratigraphy of the Barney Creek Formation and are from the hangingwall to the mineralization in either subbasin. This data report includes bulk rock major, minor, and trace element composition. The data were generated using X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and LECO analyses. Access to drill cores was granted by Teck Australia (Pty Ltd) and the drill core IDs and depths of individual samples are reported in the data table. For further details see: Magnall et al. (2021 - WHEN AVAILABLE)

Beschreibung: This dataset collects the results of a series of experiments carried out on air-filled cracks injected into pigskin gelatin blocks between September 2019 and May 2020 at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (Germany). Such experiments were intended to simulate dike propagation in the upper crust, in settings where tectonic and surface unloading stress are dominant in determining the stress field within the medium. The gelatin blocks were laterally strained and rift-like excavations were moulded on their surfaces. These data include pictures of each experimental setup and video records of each injected crack, as well as tables collecting the measured arrival points of the cracks at the surface of the gelatin and relevant elastic and geometric parameters. The data publication is a Supplement to Mantiloni et al. (2020): "Stress inversion in a gelatin box: testing eruptive vent location forecasts with analog models" (Geophys. Res. Lett.), to which the reader is referred for further information.

Beschreibung: GFZ acts as a global analysis center of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and provides operationally ultra-rapid (last 24h), rapid (last day), and final (last week) solutions and contributes to the reprocessing activities of the IGS. The GFZ repro3 product solution series covers data from 1994 to 2020 and is published in daily and weekly files. The following satellite systems are contained: GPS (from 1994), GLONASS (from 2012), and Galileo (from 2014).

Beschreibung: This data set was taken within the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/) of the GFZ Potsdam. This project aims to better understand the role of earthquakes on earth surface processes. Strong earthquakes cause transient perturbations of the near Earth’s surface system. These include the widespread landsliding and subsequent mass movement and the loading of rivers with sediments. In addition, rock mass is shattered during the event, forming cracks that affect rock strength and hydrological conductivity. Often overlooked in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, these perturbations can represent a major part of the overall disaster with an impact that can last for years before restoring to background conditions. Thus, the relaxation phase is part of the seismically induced change by an earthquake and needs to be monitored in order to understand the full impact of earthquakes on the Earth system. Early June 2015, shortly after the April 2015 Mw7.9 Gorkha earthquake, 6 automatic compact weather station were installed in the upper Bhotekoshi catchment covering an area ~50km2. The weather station network is centered around the Kahule Khola catchment, a small headwater catchment and is part of a wider data acquisition strategy including hydrological monitoring, seismometers, geophones and high resolution optical (RapidEye) as well as radar imagery (TanDEM TerraSAR-X). https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/sektion/geomorphologie/projekte/pressure/

Beschreibung: This data set was taken within the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/) of the GFZ Potsdam. This project aims to better understand the role of earthquakes on earth surface processes. Strong earthquakes cause transient perturbations of the near Earth’s surface system. These include the widespread landsliding and subsequent mass movement and the loading of rivers with sediments. In addition, rock mass is shattered during the event, forming cracks that affect rock strength and hydrological conductivity. Often overlooked in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, these perturbations can represent a major part of the overall disaster with an impact that can last for years before restoring to background conditions. Thus, the relaxation phase is part of the seismically induced change by an earthquake and needs to be monitored in order to understand the full impact of earthquakes on the Earth system. Early June 2015, shortly after the April 2015 Mw7.9 Gorkha earthquake, 6 automatic compact weather station were installed in the upper Bhotekoshi catchment covering an area ~50km2. The weather station network is centered around the Kahule Khola catchment, a small headwater catchment and is part of a wider data acquisition strategy including hydrological monitoring, seismometers, geophones and high resolution optical (RapidEye) as well as radar imagery (TanDEM TerraSAR-X). https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/sektion/geomorphologie/projekte/pressure/

Beschreibung: The data set contains VNIR and SWIR raw and reference hyperspectral imaging data of the Apliki mine open cut and of samples from the surface of the mine measured in the laboratory. It is con-nected to the published spectral library and chemical analyses of 37 different surface materials from the copper-gold-pyrite mine Apliki in the Republic of Cyprus (Koerting et al., 2019). The field outcrop scan was acquired in March 2018 in cooperation with the Geological Survey Department of the Republic of Cyprus (GSD) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The laboratory sample scan presented in this document is a collection of hyperspectral scans compiled in one large dataset. The hyperspectral data in the field and the lab were acquired with the HySpex sys-tem in a range of 414 – 2498 nm. The field data is shared as one VNIR and one SWIR radiance and reflectance data cube each. The laboratory data is shared as one full VNIR-SWIR (414 – 2450nm) reflectance data cube that was processed and corrected for the detector jump, data spikes and the last 8 SWIR bands were clipped due to a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). The data and the samples originate from fieldwork in the Republic of Cyprus and laboratory work at the GFZ Potsdam. A detailed description of the data acquisition and processing can be found in Koerting (2021).

Beschreibung: GRACE-FO carries a magnetometer as part of its attitude orbit control system (AOCS). The magnetometer does not belong to the scientific payload of the mission. However, after postprocessing of the data, information on the geomagnetic field and on electric currents in near Earth space are derived. Each GRACE-FO satellite (GF1 and GF2) carries two fluxgate magnetometers (FGM), an active one, FGM A, and a redundant one, FGM B. So far, the redundant magnetometers were not switched and are not included in the data set. The provided data consists of raw magnetic field data as provided by L1b (RAW), Magnetic field data aligned, calibrated and corrected (ACAL_CORR), CHAOS7 magnetic model predictions for core, crustal and large-scale magnetospheric field (CHAOS7), Magnetic coordinates (APEX) and Radial and field-aligned currents derived from magnetic data in ACAL_CORR (FAC). The data are provided in NASA CDF format (https://cdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/).

Beschreibung: This dataset provides mechanical test data for quartz sand (“MAM1ST-300”, Sibelco, Mol, Belgium), gypsum powder (plaster; “Goldband”, Knauf), kaolin clay powder, garnet sand, and mixtures of quartz sand and gypsum powder, used at the Analogue Laboratory of the Department of Geography at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, for simulating brittle rocks in the upper crust (Poppe et al., 2019). The measured properties are density ρ, tensile strength T0, shear strength σ, obtained by density measurements, ring-shear tests (RST; at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ, Germany), direct shear tests, traction tests (at University of Maine, Le Mans, France) and extension tests. The obtained tensile strengths and shear strengths reconstruct two-dimensional failure envelopes for each material. By fitting linear Coulomb and non-linear combined Griffith failure criteria to the characterised failure envelopes (Jaeger et al., 2007), the internal friction coefficient µC, Coulomb cohesion CC and Griffith cohesion CG are obtained. The influence of the material emplacement technique has been investigated in Poppe et al. (2021) to which this data set is supplementary, by repeat characterisation of the above physical parameters under three emplacement conditions, i.e. sieving, pouring (non-dried state) and compaction after pouring (oven-dried state). We find that densities of the materials and mixtures range from ~1600 kg.m³ (sieved) and ~1700 kg.m³ (compacted) for pure quartz sand to ~600 kg.m³ (poured) to ~900 kg.m³ (compacted) for pure plaster. Tensile strengths range from ~166 Pa (sand) to ~425 Pa (plaster). Velocity ring-shear tests on a 90 wt% quartz sand – 10 wt% plaster mixture show a minor shear rate-weakening of 〈2% per ten-fold increase in shear velocity. The materials show a behavior ranging from Mohr-Coulomb behavior for the materials with coarser grain size (sands) to combined Griffith-Mohr-Coulomb behavior for the powder materials (plaster, kaolin), with the sand-plaster mixtures occupying a spectrum between both end-members. Peak friction coefficients range from ~0.5 (sand) to ~0.6 (plaster) with a maximum of ~0.9 (80:20 wt% sand:plaster), peak Coulomb cohesions range from 13 Pa (sand) to 248 Pa (plaster), peak Griffith cohesions range from ~10 Pa (sand) to ~425 Pa (plaster).

Beschreibung: The database presented here contains radiogenic neodymium and strontium isotope ratios measured on both terrestrial and marine sediments. It was compiled to help assessing sediment provenance and transport processes for various time intervals. This can be achieved by either mapping sediment isotopic signature and/or fingerprinting source areas using statistical tools (e.g. Blanchet, 2018b, 2018a). The database has been built by incorporating data from the literature and various databases and data compilations, and harmonizing the metadata, especially units and geographical coordinates. The original data were processed in three steps. Firstly, a specific attention has been devoted to provide geographical coordinates to each sample in order to be able to map the data. When available, the original geographical coordinates from the reference (generally DMS coordinates, with different precision standard) were transferred into the decimal degrees system. When coordinates were not provided, an approximate location was derived from available information in the original publication. Secondly, all samples were assigned a set of standardized criteria that help splitting the dataset in specific categories. We defined categories associated with the sample location, the type of sample, the sedimentary fraction measured, or the deposition age (as given in the original publication). This dataset consists of one spreadsheet: "Dataset_Nd_Sr_isotopes_V3.txt", which contains the assembled dataset of marine and terrestrial Nd and/or Sr concentration and isotopes, together with sorting criteria and geographical locations. A full reference list is provided in the file “References_Database_Nd_Sr_isotopes_V3.pdf”. R code for mapping the data and running statistical analyses is also available for this dataset (Blanchet, 2018b, 2018a).

Beschreibung: This data publication contains global maps of the vertical total electron content (VTEC) of the Earth's ionosphere. They are computed at GFZ from ground GNSS data and provided on an operational basis. The dataset covers the period since the beginning of 2000 and is published in daily files.

Beschreibung: In the frame of the EU-project COSEISMIQ (COntrol SEISmicity and Manage Induced earthQuakes) natural and induced seismic events were monitored in Iceland. A temporary seismic network has been deployed in the Hengill geothermal region in Iceland, where the two largest geothermal power plants of the country are currently in operation. The GFZ contribution was the installation and operation of a small-scale seismic array in 2019-2021 in the vicinity of the broadband station MEI05 (ETH), in cooperation with ISOR (Iceland), ETH (Zurich) and DIAS (Dublin). This dataset is particularly valuable since a very dense network was deployed in a seismically active region where both induced and natural seismicity are occurring. For this reason, the collected COSEISMIQ-dataset can be used within a broad range of research topics in seismology ranging from the development and testing of new data analysis methods to induced seismicity and seismo-tectonics studies.

Beschreibung: This repository contains spatially distributed ground motion fields (GMF) for six determinist subduction earthquake scenarios for Metropolitan Lima and Callao (Peru). They have moment magnitudes between Mw 8.5 to 9.0 and emulate the historical earthquake that occurred in 1746 and caused extensive damage to that area. 1000 ground motion realisations in .XML format are generated using a single ground motion prediction equation per earthquake rupture with uncorrelated and cross-correlated residuals.

Beschreibung: The data set contains LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) emission spectra of 18 lithium-bearing minerals and their corresponding hyperspectral reflectance spectra. The data were collected within the research project LIGHTS (Lightweight Integrated Ground and Airborne Hyperspectral Topological Solutions, http://lights.univ-lorraine.fr/) which aims at developing a new exploration process for Li targets combining drone-borne hyperspectral data and field observations. Hyperspectral data were acquired with the HySpex system in a wavelength range of 414 - 2498 nm and are presented in a spectral library. Detailed information about the samples and area of spectral retrieval is presented in the data sheet below. The spectral library presented here expands the collection of spectral libraries including samples from rare-earth minerals, rare-earth-oxides (Koerting et al., 2019a) and copper-bearing minerals (Koellner et al., 2019) which are fully described in Koerting et al. (2021). These libraries aim to give a spectral overview of important resources and deposit mineralizations. 18 samples taken partly from the collections of the University of Potsdam (UP) and the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and partly in the field during previous measurement campaigns were hyperspectrally measured and geochemically analysed by using a LIBS handheld analyzer. A description of the HySpex system in lab use can be found in Koerting et al. (2021). The lithium-bearing mineral samples were measured without prior sample preparation as the surface of the minerals and the influence of the mineral structure were of interest (Figure 1). Figure 1 shows one HySpex scan of four lepidolite samples (Lep1, Lep2, Lep3, Lep4) displayed as a true color RGB image in order to show the untreated samples and the white reflectance (WR) panel needed for the hyperspectral measurements (WR 90%).

Beschreibung: This data publication is composed by two main folders: (1) “Top-down_exposure_modelling_Lima” and (2) “Vulnerability_models_Lima/”. The first one contains a complete collection of data models used to represent the residential building portfolio of Lima and Callao (Peru) using a top-down approach (census-based desktop study). Therein, the reader can find a comprehensive description of the procedure of how the exposure models were constructed. This includes python scripts and postprocessed geodatasets to represent these building stock into predefined and separate classes for earthquake and tsunami physical vulnerabilities. The second folder contains sets of fragility functions for these building classes and the assumed economic consequence model. These models are suplement material of a submitted paper (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021b). Please note it is an unpublished preprint version at the time of writing this document. The reader is strongly advised to look for the definitive version once (if so) it is accepted and published.

Beschreibung: A sprinkling experiment was conducted at the geodetic observatory Wettzell (Bavaria, Germany) with the intention to combine classical hydrological field observations of soil moisture with gravity data and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The setup consisted of 8 sprinkling units installed around a gravimeter in field enclosure. Artificial rainfall was applied for 6 hours. The sprinkling area of 15 x 15 m was equipped with 3 vertical soil moisture sensor profiles, 1 horizontal soil moisture transect, near-surface soil moisture sensors and 3 ERT profiles. The non-invasive gravity data and the ancillary monitoring data were used to infer water transport processes in the subsurface during the sprinkling experiment. To this end, the gravity data were used to identify the structure and the parameters of a subsurface flow model in an inverse modelling approach by optimizing the simulated gravity response with respect to the observations. The ancillary soil moisture and ERT data were used to evaluate the model outputs in terms of adequacy and dominant subsurface flow processes. Model data cover the following subtopics: • virtual experiments to show the theoretical relationships between subsurface water re-distribution processes and their corresponding gravity responses • an uncertainty analysis of the sprinkling experiment, e.g., with respect to water volumes and their spatial distribution, and the impact on the expected gravity response • inverse modelling to identify dominant subsurface water re-distribution processes • a synthetical model setup based on the ancillary datasets of soil moisture and ERT Monitoring and model output data used for this investigation is provided within this data repository. A detailed description and discussion can be found in Reich et al. (2021). The inverse modelling was carried out using the R-package gravityInf (Reich, 2021).

Beschreibung: This data repository contains the spatial distribution of the direct financial loss computed expected for the residential building stock of Metropolitan Lima (Peru) after the occurrence of six decoupled earthquake and tsunami risk scenarios (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021a; Harig and Rakowsky, 2021). These risk scenarios were independently calculated making use of the DEUS (Damage Exposure Update Service) available in https://github.com/gfzriesgos/deus. The reader can find documentation about this programme in (Brinckmann et al, 2021) where the input files required by DEUS and outputs are comprehensively described. Besides the spatially distributed hazard intensity measures (IM), other inputs required by DEUS to computed the decoupled risk loss estimates comprise: spatially aggregated building exposure models classified in every hazard-dependent scheme. Each class must be accompanied by their respective fragility functions, and financial consequence model (with loss ratios per involved damage state). The collection of inputs is presented in Gomez-Zapata et al. (2021b). The risk estimates are computed for each spatial aggregation areas of the exposure model. For such a purpose, the initial damage state of the buildings is upgraded from undamaged (D0) to any progressive damage state permissible by the fragility functions. The resultant outputs are spatially explicit .JSON files that use the same spatial aggregation boundaries of the initial building exposure models. An aggregated direct financial loss estimate is reported for each cell after every hazard scenario. It is reported one seismic risk loss distribution outcome for each of the 2000 seismic ground motion fields (GMF) per earthquake magnitude (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021a). Therefore, 1000 seismic risk estimates from uncorrelated GMF are stored in “Clip_Mwi_uncorrelated” and 1000 seismic risk estimates from spatially cross-correlated GMF (using the model proposed by Markhvida et al. (2018)) are stored in “Clip_ Mwi_correlated”. It is worth noting that the prefix “clip” of these folders refers to the fact that, all of the seismic risk estimates were clipped with respect to the geocells were direct tsunami risk losses were obtained. This spatial compatibility in the losses obtained for similar areas and Mw allowed the construction of the boxplots that are presented in Figure 16 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021). The reader should note that folder “All_exposure_models_Clip_8.8_uncorrelated_and_correlated” also contains another folder entitled “SARA_entire_Lima_Mw8.8” where the two realisations (with and without correlation model) selected to produce Figure 10 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021) are stored. Moreover, the data to produce Figure 9 (boxplots comparing the variability in the seismic risk loss estimates for this specific Mw 8.8, are presented in the following .CSV file: “Lima_Mw_8.8_direct_finantial_loss_distributions_all_spatial_aggregations_Corr_and_NoCorr.csv”. Naturally, 1000 values emulating the 1000 realisations are the values that compose the variability expressed in that figure. Since that is a preliminary study (preprint version), the reader is invited to track the latest version of the actually published (if so) journal paper and check the actual the definitive numeration of the aforementioned figures.

Beschreibung: The software component DEUS (Damage-Exposure-Update-Service) is a Python3 script to evaluate/ update the physical damage and the structural vulnerability of a given building stock classified in terms of hazard-dependent classes (i.e. exposure model). This is obtained by estimating the damage evolution of the building stock given their initial damage state; the location of the scenario-based IM; and the use of selected fragility functions that must be compatible with the predefined building classes and IM. It can be run locally on your computer as well as a WPS (Web Processing Service). This version can handle single or consecutive deterministic hazard scenarios with spatially distributed Intensity Measures (IM). For single hazard scenarios, the process requires a single execution. In the case of consecutive deterministic hazard scenarios, the executions are proportional to the number of consecutive risk scenario (events) of interest.

Beschreibung: This data publication is composed by two main folders: (1) “Focus_map_construction” and (2) “CVT_models”. The first one contains the individual raster inputs (tsunami inundation and population distribution) that are combined to construct two different focus maps for the cities of Lima and Callao (Peru). The reader can find a more complete description about the focus map concept in Pittore (2015). These raster focus maps are used as inputs to generate variable-resolution CVT (Central Voronoi Tessellation) geocells following the method presented in Pittore et al., (2020). They are vector-based data (ESRI shapefiles) that are stored in the second folder. These resultant CVT-geocells are used by Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021) as spatial aggregation boundaries to represent the residential building portfolio for the cities of Lima and Callao (Peru).

Beschreibung: As a supplement to Huang et al. (2021) “Anelasticity and lateral heterogeneities in Earth’s upper mantle: impact on surface displacements, self-attraction and loading and ocean tide dynamics”, the global amplitude and root-mean-square fields of surface vertical displacement and self-attraction and loading due to ocean tide loading - the M2 tide derived from model TiME (Sulzbach et al., 2021), and the root-mean-square fields of M2 tide are presented here. The fields have been calculated for the 1D elastic solid Earth model PREM and 3D and 1D anelastic models. Figures 4-7, S1 and S2, and tables 1-2 in Huang et al. (2021) can be easily reproduced from these data fields applying the calculus discussed in the paper. The anelastic Earth models can be constructed with the methodology outlined in Huang et al. (2021) by making use of the elastic and attenuation tomography models from the University of California, Berkeley (Karaoğlu, H. & Romanowicz, B., 2018) and the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon (Debayle et al., 2020), respectively. All response fields (U and SAL) are calculated with the spectral-finite element method (Martinec 2000, Tanaka et al. 2019).

Beschreibung: The data set contains chemical analyses of 32 different surface materials from the Bajoca feldspar mine in Portugal and their corresponding hyperspectral reflectance spectra. The field samples were collected in May 2019 within the LIGHTS (Lightweight Integrated Ground and Airborne Hyperspectral Topological Solutions) project. The goal in this project is to develop tools for hybrid data analysis of remote sensing data from different scales, geochemical and geological data for Li target area exploration (LIGHTS; Cardoso-Fernandes et al. (2020a,b & 2021) & Fabre et al. (in prep.)). The hyperspectral data were acquired in the laboratory with the HySpex system in a range of 414 – 2498nm and on-site with the Spectral Evolution PSR+ 3500 handheld spectroradiometer (short “PSR+”) in a range of 350 – 2500nm. The sample spectra of 32 different surface samples are presented for both sensors systems. The resulting HySpex reflectance data are scaled from 0 – 10000, the PSR+ reflectance data are scaled from 0-1. Detailed information about the samples and geochemistry is presented in the data sheets.

Beschreibung: Carbon dioxide is the most abundant, non-condensable gas in volcanic systems, released into the atmosphere through either diffuse or advective fluid flow. The emission of substantial amounts of CO2 at Earth’s surface is not only controlled by volcanic plumes during periods of eruptive activity or fumaroles, but also by soil degassing along permeable structures in the subsurface. Monitoring of these processes is of utmost importance for volcanic hazard analyses, and is also relevant for managing geothermal resources. Fluid-bearing faults are key elements of economic value for geothermal power generation. Here, we describe for the first time how sensitively and quickly natural gas emissions react to changes within a deep hydrothermal system due to geothermal fluid reinjection. For this purpose, we deployed an automated, multi-chamber CO2 flux monitoring system within the damage zone of a deep-rooted major normal fault in the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex (LHVC) in Mexico and recorded data over a period of five months. After removing the atmospheric effects on variations in CO2 flux, we calculated correlation coefficients between residual CO2 emissions and reinjection rates, identifying an inverse correlation of ρ = -0.51 to -0.66. Our results indicate that gas emissions respond to changes in reinjection rates within 24 hours, proving an active hydraulic communication between the hydrothermal system and Earth’s surface. This finding is a promising indication not only for geothermal reservoir monitoring but also for advanced long-term volcanic risk analysis. Response times allow for estimation of fluid migration velocities, which is a key constraint for conceptual and numerical modelling of fluid flow in fracture-dominated systems.

Beschreibung: We provide strontium isotope data (for both the "radiogenic" isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr, and the "stable" isotope ratio 88Sr/86Sr, expressed as delta88Sr) for critical zone compartments (rock, saprolite, soil, plants, and river dissolved loads) at three sites along a global transect of mountain landscapes that differ in erosion rates – an “erodosequence”. These sites are the Swiss Central Alps, a rapidly-eroding post-glacial mountain belt; the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, eroding at moderate rates; and the slowly-eroding tropical Highlands of Sri Lanka. Key metrics for strontium elemental partitioning (strontium concentrations and ratios to the major elements sodium and calcium) are also provided. All samples are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN), a globally unique and persistent Identifier for physical samples. The IGSNs are provided in the data tables and link to a comprehensive sample description. Further details on sampling and locations are provided in von Blanckenburg et al (2021). The IGSN data can be accessed by adding the IGSN after igsn.org, e.g. igsn.org/GFFB1005U The dataset consist of 8 Tables that are provided as Excel and printable PDF versions: Table A1. Swiss Alps analyses of soil, saprolite, rock Table A2. Swiss Alps analyses of water samples Table A3. Swiss Alps analyses of plant samples Table SN1. Sierra Nevada analyses of soil, saprolite, rock, bedload sediment and suspended stream load Table SN2. Sierra Nevada analyses of water samples Table SN3. Sierra Nevada analyses of plant samples Table SL1. Sri Lanka analyses of soil, saprolite, rock Table E. Relative elemental amounts (compared to bulk) present in the different extraction pools

Beschreibung: This dataset provides friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) for mixtures of quartz sand and sili-cate cenospheres, which are used for analog experiments in the laboratory of the Institute of Geo-physics of the Czech Academy of Science (IG CAS) (Warsitzka et al., 2021). The mixtures have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesion C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. According to our analysis the materials show a Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by a linear failure envelope. Peak friction coefficients µP of the tested materials range between 0.55 and 0.75, dynamic friction coefficients µD between 0.47 and 0.60 and reactivation friction coefficients µR be-tween 0.52 and 0.65. Cohesions of the materials vary between 20 and 120 Pa. The materials show a minor rate-weakening of 〈1.2% per ten-fold change in shear velocity v.

Beschreibung: These datasets were used to evaluate the main controls on last ~6 million years erosion rate variability of the northwestern Himalaya. The Earth’s climate has been cooling during the last ~15 million years and started fluctuating between cold and warm periods since ~2-3 million years ago. Many researchers think that these long-term climatic changes were accompanied by changes in continental erosion. However, quantifying erosion rates in the geological past is challenging, and previous studies reached contrasting conclusions. In this study, we quantified erosion rates in the north-western Indian Himalaya over the past 6 million years by measuring in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be in exhumed older foreland basin sediments. The 10Be is produced by cosmic rays in minerals at the Earth's surface, and its abundance indicates erosion rates. Our reconstructed erosion rates show a quasi-cyclic pattern with a periodicity of ~1 million year and a gradual increase towards the present. We suggest that both patterns—cyclicity and gradual increase—are unrelated to climatic changes. Instead, we propose that the growth of the Himalaya by repeatedly scraping off rocks from the Indian plate (basal accretion), resulted in changes of its topography that were accompanied by changes in erosion rates. In this scenario, basal accretion episodically changes rock-uplift patterns, which brings landscapes out of equilibrium and results in quasi-cyclic variations in erosion rates. We used numerical landscape evolution simulations to demonstrate that this hypothesis is physically plausible. Datasets provided here includes summary of the location, depositional age, and stratigraphic position of 41 Siwalik sandstone samples collected from the Haripur section in Himachal Pradesh, India (Dataset S1); 10Be analysis results of Siwalik samples (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S1); sample location and 10Be analysis results of modern river sands from the Yamuna River and its tributaries near the Dehradun Basin (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S2); input parameters for the calculation of paleoerosion rates (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S3); and reconstructed 10Be paleoconcentrations and paleoerosion rates (Dataset S4). Moreover, the data include a compilation of published magnetostratigraphy-derived sediment accumulation rates in the late Cenozoic Himalayan foreland basin (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Dataset-S5). We also include a movie (2021-006_Mandal-et-al_Movie-S1) that is a complete numerical landscape evolution model run with four consecutive accretion cycles of equal magnitude. For more information (for e.g., sampling method, analytical procedure, and data processing) please refer to the associated data description file and the main article (Mandal et al., 2021).

Beschreibung: The fiber optic cable was installed down to 832 m behind the production casing of a 9 5/8" (445-2932 m) and 9 7/8" (0 - 445 m) production casing in well RN-15/DEEPEGS/IDDP-2 in the Reykjanes geothermal field, SW Iceland (depth reference: surface). Fiber optic distributed temperature data was acquired (campaign based) during cementation (09/2016) of the production casing, at the end of the cold fluid injection (09/2018) as well during the onset of well stimulation (10/2019-04/2020).

Beschreibung: This data set is the 1st part of a mini-series assembling whole-rock chemical data for late-Variscan granites of the Erzgebirge-Vogtland metallogenic province in the German Erzgebirge, in the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan Orogen, which is dedicated to the group of P-F-rich Li-mica granites. Listed are data from the massifs/plutons of Eibenstock in the western Erzgebirge and Annaberg, Geyer, Pobershau, and Seiffen in the central Erzgebirge (Figure 1). All these occurrences represent composite bodies made-up of texturally and geochemically distinct, but cogenetic sub-intrusions, which are associated with intra- und perigranitic aplitic dykes, pegmatitic schlieren, and frequently mineralized quartz veins and greisens (Tables 1-3). These granites exhibit moderately to strongly elevated concentrations of P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Ta, Sn, W and U, but are low to very low in Ti, Mg, V, Sc, Co, Ni, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, Hf, Th, and the REEs. Crystal-melt fractionation was the dominant process controlling the evolution of bulk composition in the course of massif/pluton formation. However, metasomatic processes involving late-stage residual melts and high-T late- to postmagmatic fluids became increasingly more important in highly evolved units and have variably modified the abundances of mobile elements (P, F, Li, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr). Interaction with the various country rocks and infiltration of meteoric low-T fluids have further disturbed the initial chemical patterns. The data set reports whole-rock geochemical analyses for granites, aplites, and endocontact rocks obtained for the massifs/plutons of Eibenstock, Pobershau, Satzung, Annaberg, and Geyer. Data are provided as separate excel and csv files. The content of the excel sheet and further information on the granites and regional geology are provided in the data description file.

Beschreibung: We provide geochemical data for three sites that define a gradient of erosion rates – an “erodosequence”. These sites are the Swiss Central Alps, a rapidly-eroding post-glacial mountain belt; the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, eroding at moderate rates; and the slowly-eroding tropical Highlands of central Sri Lanka. Specifically, we provide silicon isotope ratios and germanium/silicon ratios and the major element composition of 1) rock, 2) saprolite, 3) soil, 4) plants, 5) river dissolved loads, 6) the soil and saprolite amorphous silica fraction (accessed with a NaOH leach), and 7) the soil and saprolite clay-size fraction (isolated with a differential settling protocol). These data serve two purposes. First, they allow us to improve understanding of the controls on silicon isotopes and germanium/silicon ratios in the 'Critical Zone'. Specifically, we can quantify the fractionation factors (for silicon isotopes) and the exchange coefficients (for germanium/silicon ratios), for secondary mineral precipitation and for biological uptake. Secondly, we can use mass-balance approaches to quantify the partitioning of silicon - a nutrient, and a major rock-forming element - among secondary minerals, plant material, and solutes. All samples are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN), a globally unique and persistent Identifier for physical samples. The IGSNs are provided in the data tables and link to a comprehensive sample description. This dataset consists of five tables: S1. Analyses of soil, saprolite, and rock from the Swiss Alps study site S2. Analyses of soil, saprolite, and rock from the Sierra Nevada study site S3. Analyses of soil, saprolite, and rock from the Sri Lanka study site S4. Analyses of stream water from the Swiss Alps, Sierra Nevada, and Sri Lanka study sites S5. Analyses of plant material from the Swiss Alps, Sierra Nevada, and Sri Lanka study sites

Beschreibung: We provide geochemical background data on the partitioning and cycling of elements between rock, saprolite, soil, plants, and river dissolved and solid loads from at three sites along a global transect of mountain landscapes that differ in erosion rates – an “erodosequence”. These sites are the Swiss Central Alps, a rapidly-eroding post-glacial mountain belt; the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, eroding at moderate rates; and the slowly-eroding tropical Highlands of Sri Lanka. The backbone of this analysis is an extensive data set of rock, saprolite, soil, water, and plant geochemical data. This set of elemental concentrations is converted into process rates by using regolith production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides, and estimates of biomass growth. Combined, they allow us to derive elemental fluxes through regolith and vegetation. The main findings are: 1) the rates of weathering are set locally in regolith, and not by the rate at which entire landscapes erode; 2) the degree of weathering is mainly controlled by regolith thickness. This results in supply-limited weathering in Sri Lanka where weathering runs to completion, and kinetically-limited weathering in the Alps and Sierra Nevada where soluble primary minerals persist; 3) these weathering characteristics are reflected in the sites’ ecosystem processes, namely in that nutritive elements are intensely recycled in the supply-limited setting, and directly taken up from soil and rock in the kinetically settings; 4) contrary to common paradigms, the weathering rates are not controlled by biomass growth; 5) at all sites we find a deficit in river solute export when compared to solute production in regolith, the extent of which differs between elements but not between erosion rates. Plant uptake followed by litter erosion might explain this deficit for biologically utilized elements of high solubility, and rare, high-discharge flushing events for colloidal-bound elements of low solubility. Our data and the new metrics have begun to serve for calibrating metal isotope systems in the weathering zone, the isotope ratios of which depend on the flux partitioning between the compartments of the Critical Zone. We demonstrate this application in several isotope geochemical companion papers with associated datasets from the same samples. All samples are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN), a globally unique and persistent Identifier for physical samples. The IGSNs are provided in the data tables and link to a comprehensive sample description in the internet.

Beschreibung: We have installed 19 new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) markers in the Hindu Kush (NE-Afghanistan) and the North Pamir front (Alai valley) and measured a total of 25 new and existing markers, if possible annually between 2014 and 2020 in survey mode. The stations are positioned along three profiles crossing the NE-striking Panjsheer fault and N-striking Badakhshan fault in the Hindu Kush, and the E-striking Pamir thrust system at the Trans Alai Range. The Hindu Kush survey data are the first of their kind in Afghanistan. The Pamir profile densifies a 1 Hz-GNSS profile that was installed in the Altyndara valley in 2013-2015; the GNSS time-series are affected by the 2015 Mw7.2 Sarez, Central Pamir, earthquake and probably the 2016 Mw6.4 Sary-Tash earthquake. The data are presented in receiver independent exchange (RNX) format and complemented by logsheets, field photos and a technical report describing the surveys in more detail.

Beschreibung: The differences of atmospheric delays (Atmospheric ties) are theoretically affected by the height differences between antennas at the same site and the meteorological conditions. However, there is often a discrepancy between the expected zenith delay differences and those estimated from geodetic analysis. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the possibility effects that could caused biases on GNSS atmospheric delays at co-location site.

Beschreibung: Following Barker, Pople and Gubbins & Gray, the u-expansion of the perturbation theory, used for developing equations of state for fluids, requires sets of J-, K-, L-, M-, and N-integrals as a function of rho* and T*. These integrals are calculated here from pair and triplet correlation functions, which were derived in a previous communication, using particle configurations from extensive Monte-Carlo simulations of a Lennard-Jones fluid. The pair and triplet correlation functions are based on 27615 state points covering a rho*-T* space from 0.002-1.41 and 0.45-25 in reduced variables, respectively, which is also the range of the calculated integrals. Quadruplet correlation functions, required by the M- and N-integrals, were calculated using the trans-superposition approximation, using pair and triplet correlation functions. Here the unfitted raw data of 597 J-, 90 K-, 256 L-, 4M-, and 4N-integrals are reported. The number of available values at different rho*-T* state points are 27615 for the J-integrals, and in the range of 6999-7053, 6789-7055, 6440-6587, 6544-6751 for the K-, L-, M-, andN-integrals, respectively.

Beschreibung: Faults and fractures form the largest contrast of fluid flow in the subsurface, while their permeability is highly affected by effective pressure changes. In this experimental study, fractured low-permeability Flechtingen (Rotliegend) sandstones were cyclically loaded in a MTS tri-axial compression cell. Two different loading scenarios were considered: “continuous cyclic loading” (CCL) and “progressive cyclic loading” (PCL). During continuous cyclic loading, a displaced tensile fracture was loaded hydrostatically from 2 to 60 MPa in several repeated cycles. During progressive cyclic loading, the load was increased with a step-wise function (15, 30, 45 and 60 MPa) and unloaded after every loading step. For full elasticity of rock matrix deformation each rock sample has been preconditioned up to 65 MPa. After that, an artificial tensile fracture was introduced into the sample using the Brazilian Disk test. The fractured sample was installed into the MTS triaxial cell at a given offset of 0.5 mm and hydrostatic loading was applied accordingly. The fracture permeability was measured continuously using the cubic law calculated from the hydraulic aperture. Fracture closure was measured using LVDT extensometers during the entire experiment and the resulting fracture closure and stiffness was calculated accordingly. The total deformation of the sample was corrected by the amount of elastic deformation of the rock matrix to obtain the fracture closure only. Potential changes to the fracture surface topography before and after the experiments were analysed from high-resolution surface scans obtained by a 3D profilometer using the fringe pattern projection. The scale-independent roughness exponent was calculated using power spectral density method assuming self-affinity. The fracture aperture distribution and contact-area ratio was calculated by matching the best fitting principal planes of the bottom and top surface and applying a grid search algorithm. The results showed a “stress-memory” effect of fracture stiffness during progressive loading that can be used to identify previous stress states in fractures. This effect is characterized by a transition from a non-linear to a linear (reversible to non-reversible) behaviour of specific fracture stiffness when a previous stress-maximum is exceeded. Furthermore, the evolution of fracture permeability shows less reduction during progressive cyclic loading compared to continuous cyclic loading. The data measured during the flow-through experiment under varying effective pressure are provided in the file “MTS_data.zip”. The data are provided as separate text-files as well as in Excel format with different spreadsheets, such that each figure in the paper can be recalculated and that the underlying data is comprehensive. The name of all three rock samples is given in the file name including the type of the experiment (CCL or PCL). The fracture surfaces and the fracture aperture distributions are found within the file “Surface_data.zip”. This file contains the fracture data of each of the three rock samples as point cloud data (text-files), as well the data calculated from the surfaces.

Beschreibung: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments (Table 1) on the effect of weakness during distributed crustal extension performed at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. Ten generic analogue models made of a layer of Quartz sand (G12, Rosenau et al., 2018) including a weak silicone oil “seed” (PDMS G30M, Rudolf et al., 2016) to localize deformation have been extended on top of a basal foam block. A benchmark experiment (basal foam only) and a reference model (layer of sand without seed) are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Osagiede et al. (2021) to which this data set is supplement. The models have been monitored by means of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis (Adam et al., 2005). DIC analysis yields quantitative information about model surface deformation in 2D and 3D. The data presented here are visualized as finite strain and displacement maps as well as cumulative strain and displacement profiles.

Beschreibung: The 208 km long profile 3B/MVE (West) was recorded in 1990 as part of the joint seismic reflection venture DEKORP 1990-3/MVE (Muenchberg-Vogtland-Erzgebirge) between the two former German Republics shortly before their unification. The aim of DEKORP 1990-3/MVE was to explore the structure of the crust from the Rhenish Shield through the Bohemian Massif to the Ore Mountains. The entire profile consists of DEKORP 3A, DEKORP 3B/MVE (West) and its prolongation to the east DEKORP 3B/MVE (East). Its total length amounts to about 600 km. 24 short seismic cross lines and associated 3D blocks with single fold coverage were also recorded. The seismic survey of 3B/MVE (West) was performed to investigate the deep crustal structure and the transition zone between the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian units with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition. The results were compared with the results from the surveys DEKORP 1 and DEKORP 2, running nearly parallel to the line 3B/MVE (West). Details of the 3B/MVE (West) experiment, its preliminary results and interpretations may be obtained from DEKORP Research Group (A) et al. (1994) and DEKORP Research Group (C) et al. (1994). The Technical Report of line 3B/MVE (West) gives complete information about acquisition and processing parameters. The European Variscides, extending from the French Central Massif to the East European Platform, originated during the collision between Gondwana and Baltica in the Late Palaeozoic. Due to involvement of various crustal blocks in the orogenesis, the mountain belt is subdivided into distinct zones. The external fold-and-thrust belts of the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian as well as the predominantly crystalline body of the Moldanubian dominate the central European segment of the Variscides. Polyphase tectonic deformation, magmatism and metamorphic processes led to a complex interlinking between the units. The mainly NW-SE running DEKORP 3B/MVE (West) runs perpendicular to the Variscan strike direction and traverses the southern part of the Rhenohercynian unit with the Northern Phyllite Zone and the northern part of the Saxothuringian unit including the Mid-German Crystalline High. Starting in the Kellerwald the profile crosses the Hessian Depression, the Tertiary volcanic Rhoen Mountains and the Mesozoic of the Franconian Basin (DEKORP Research Group (C) et al., 1994). East of Staffelstein the profile turns to the east and ends on the Franconian Line, the southwestern boundary fault zone of the Bohemian Massif. The line 3B/MVE (West) is intersected by ten cross lines along the profile and by DEKORP 3A at its northwestern end. To the east the profile is extended by DEKORP 3B/MVE (East).

Beschreibung: The 128 km long profile 3A was recorded in 1990 as part of the joint seismic reflection venture DEKORP 1990-3/MVE (Muenchberg-Vogtland-Erzgebirge) between the two former German Republics shortly before their unification. The aim of DEKORP 1990-3/MVE was to explore the structure of the crust from the Rhenish Shield through the Bohemian Massif to the Ore Mountains. The entire profile consists of DEKORP 3A, DEKORP 3B/MVE (West) and its prolongation to the east DEKORP 3B/MVE (East). Its total length amounts to about 600 km. 24 short cross lines and associated 3D blocks with single fold coverage were also recorded. The seismic survey of 3A was conducted to investigate the deep crustal structure of the Hessian Depression with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition, and thus to connect DEKORP 3B/MVE (West) to oil industry seismic profiles in the Leinegraben area. Details of the experiment, preliminary results and interpretations may be obtained from DEKORP Research Group (A) et al. (1994) and DEKORP Research Group (C) et al. (1994). The Technical Report of line 3A gives complete information about acquisition and processing parameters. The European Variscides, extending from the French Central Massif to the East European Platform, originated during the collision between Gondwana and Baltica in the Late Palaeozoic. Due to involvement of various crustal blocks in the orogenesis, the mountain belt is subdivided into distinct zones. The external fold-and-thrust belts of the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian as well as the predominantly crystalline body of the Moldanubian dominate the central European segment of the Variscides. Polyphase tectonic deformation, magmatism and metamorphic processes led to a complex interlinking between the units. The N-S trending DEKORP 3A line aimed at a seismic characterisation of the crust beneath the Permo-Mesozoic to Tertiary Hessian Depression. Running from the Solling Dome in the Rhenohercynian through the Kassel Graben and the late Tertiary volcanic fields of the Reinhardswald and Soehrewald, the 3A line ends in the Northern Phyllite Zone north of the Vogelsberg Volcano, the largest of the Cenozoic volcanoes in Europe (DEKORP Research Group (C) et al., 1994). DEKORP 3A is intersected by six short cross lines along the profile and by DEKORP 3B/MVE (West) at its southern end.

Beschreibung: The data publication contains a dataset for fast assessment of earthquakes based on seismic waveforms. The dataset encompasses Northern Chile. Due to the large scale of the dataset, it is intended for use in machine learning. A similar dataset for chile has been published as Münchmeyer et al. (2020). A similar dataset for Japan can be obtained using the scripts at https://github.com/yetinam/TEAM The datasets are provided as a hdf5-file (Folk et al. 2011), a hierachical file format. Source code for reading and processing the data is available at https://github.com/yetinam/TEAM. The hdf5-file contains the two groups “metadata” and “data” that are described below. These groups are the hdf5-analog of folders in a file system.

Beschreibung: We present a compilation and analysis of 1099 Holocene relative shore-level (RSL) indicators including 867 relative sea-level data points and 232 data points from the Ancylus Lake and the following transitional phase from 10.7 to 8.5 ka BP located around the Baltic Sea. The spatial distribution covers the Baltic Sea and near-coastal areas fairly well, but some gaps remain mainly in Sweden. RSL data follow the standardized HOLSEA format and, thus, are ready for spatially comprehensive applications in, e.g., glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling. Sampling method The data set is a compilation of rather different samples from geological, geomorphological and archaeological studies. Most of the data was already published in different formats. In this compilation we homogenized the meta information of the available information according to the HOLSEA database format, https://www.holsea.org/archive-your-data, which is a modification of the recommendations given in Hijma et al. (2015). In addition to the reformatting, the majority of samples with radiocarbon dating were recalibrated with oxcal-software using the calib13 and marine13 curves. Furthermore, all sample descriptions were critically checked for consistency in positioning, levelling and indicative meaning by experts of the respective geographic region see Supplement 2. Analytical method In principle, it is a compilation, recalibration and revision of already published data. Data Processing Data of individual compilations were revised and imported into a relational database system. Therein, the data was transferred into the HOLSEA format by specified rules. By this procedure, a homogeneous categorisation was achieved without losing the original data. Also this is stored in the relational database system allowing for later updates of the transfer procedure or a recalibration of the data. Description of data table HOLSEA-baltic-yymmdd.xlsx The workbook in excel format contains 5 sheets, see https://www.holsea.org/archive-your-data: · Long-form, containing the complete information available for each sample · Short-form, a subset of attributes of the Long-form sheet · Radiocarbon, containing the radiocarbon dating information of the respective samples · U-series, a corresponding table containing the respective information of Uranium dating · References, a complete reference list of the primary publications in which the individual data sampling is described. All online sources for the compilation are included in the metadata. A full list of source references is provided in the data description file.

Beschreibung: KTB Borehole Measurements Data Magnetic Susceptibility and Magnetic Field Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The Magnetic Susceptibility (MSUS) and Magnetic Field data files comprise data from a magnetic susceptibility sonde from the university of Munich, and two magnetometer sondes from the university of Braunschweig (FML-BS) and of Schlumberger (GPIT). MSUS was only run in the KTB-VB. The Braunschweig magnetometer was run in both KTB boreholes and the GPIT only in the KTB-HB. The MSUS log and the magnetic field log in the KTB-VB are not depth corrected to the reference GR because the sondes had no GR sensor. Both types of magnetic field logs in the KTB-HB are depth corrected to the reference GR. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

Beschreibung: During the transpolar drifting campaign MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) of RV Polarstern (AWI, 2017), GNSS was used among other techniques to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. This dataset comprises the RINEX data tracked by a top-side GNSS antenna installed at the compass deck of RV Polarstern. The GNSS equipment was installed on July 4th, 2019. For logistical reasons, the receiver was switched off on October 3rd at a position very close to Ny Ålesund, Svalbard. According to the MOSAiC data guidelines, data for the following periods are not provided in this dataset: - September 12-26, 2019 - June 3-8, 2020 - October 2-3, 2020

Beschreibung: The data set contains stress-strain data of Carrara marble experimentally deformed in triaxial compression at temperatures of 20 – 800°C, confining pressures of 30 – 300 MPa, and strain rates between 10-3 and 10-6 s-1. This range covers conditions, at witch marble deforms in the semi-brittle regime, i.e., strength depends on all parameters, but with different sensitivity. Semi-brittle deformation behavior is expected to be important in the mid continental crust. The experiments were conducted in the Experimental Rock Deformation Laboratory of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. The data are separated into 91 individual ASCII files, one for each sample. The corresponding temperature, pressure and strain rate conditions are listed in Tab. 1. of the data description and in the associated work by Rybacki et al. (submitted).

Beschreibung: The project DARE proposes an integrated study of seismic site effects on the deep and elongated Messinian Rhône Canyon (French Rhône Valley). Lithological information from boreholes reaching the bedrock and preliminary geophysical campaigns indicate that the canyon can reach locally 〉500 m and may be deeply incised. The strong material contrast between the sedimentary filling and the substratum, as well as its expected confined geometry make this canyon a good candidate for generating various kinds of multi-dimensional site effects. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code Y7.

Beschreibung: The temporary seismic array of MySCOLAR in northern Myanmar consists of 30 broadband stations. The overall scientific goals are to understand the transition from continental collision to oceanic subduction, to quantify the partitioning of deformation in the accretionary prism, in the Burma Plate and along the strike-slip Sagaing fault system and to image the subducting Indian Plate beneath Myanmar and southwest China. The seismological analysis methods applied to this dataset will include location of local earthquakes and determining their focal mechanisms, surface wave tomography from ambient noise and earthquake data, body wave tomography from local and teleseismic earthquakes, full waveform inversion for Earth structure, receiver functions, and shear wave splitting. A subset of the stations was transmitting data in real time, and these stations contributed to real-time earthquake analysis by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) in Myanmar and the GEOFON earthquake monitoring service. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6C.

Beschreibung: The Villarrica Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in South America and is located in a major tourism region. A dense seismological network is used to investigate the seismic characteristics of the volcano and its seismic structure tomographically with high spatial resolution. The network was in operation for 2 week from 01.03.2012 to 14.03.2012. It consisted of 30 3-component and 45 1-component short period seismographs covering an area of 2000 km*2. The covered area has a diameter of 45 km and includes the volcanic building.

Beschreibung: The main aim of this project is to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone in China, based on a very dense passive seismology profile. The Longmenshan fault zone hosted the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008 with a magnitude (Mw) of 7.9 and the Lushan earthquake of June 2013 with a magnitude (Mw) of 6.6. It is planned to mainly use the receiver-function method, to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data center, under network code 4O under license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, and are embargoed until February 2024.

Beschreibung: Irpinia seismic Array is part of the DEnse mulTi-paramEtriC observations and 4D high resoluTion imaging (DETECT) project focused on the acquisition of a unique multiparametric dataset and fosters collaboration among various institutions. The University of Naples Federico II (UniNa) and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) are leading this effort carried out in collaboration with various local institutions and supported by the local municipalities. The DETECT project aims at exploiting very dense seismic networks deployed across a segmented fault system (Irpinia and Pergola-Melandro) to foster the development of scientific integrated methodologies for monitoring and imaging the fault behavior during the inter-seismic phase. The Irpinia seismic Array consists of a dense constellation of seismic antennas using more than 200 seismic stations deployed for one year. Each seismic antenna, with maximum aperture of ~2 km, uses one broad-band sensor, one short period sensor with 1 Hz and 8 with 4.5 Hz natural frequency. The antennas are deployed above and near the fault segments that generated during the last centuries many strong earthquakes in the southern Apennines. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZK.

Beschreibung: This dataset provides friction and elasticity data from ring shear and axial tests, respectively, on rock analogue materials used at the University Roma Tre (Rome, IT) in “Foamquake”, a novel seismotectonic analog model mimicking the megathrust seismic cycle (Mastella et al., under review). Two granular materials (quartz sand and Jasmine rice) have been characterized by means of internal friction coefficients µ and cohesions C. An elastic material (foam rubber) have been characterized by means of Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratio v. According to our analysis the granular materials show Mohr-Coulomb behaviour characterized by linear failure envelopes in the shear stress vs. normal load Mohr space. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the quartz sand are µP = 0.69, µD = 0.56 and µR = 0.64, respectively. Cohesion ranges between 50 and 100 Pa. Rate-dependency of friction in quartz sand seems insignificant. Peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients of the Jasmine rice are µP = 0.70, µD = 0.59 and µR = 0.61, respectively. Cohesion ranges between 30 and 50 Pa. Rate-weakening of Jasmine rice is c. 6% per tenfold change in shear velocity v. The Young’s modulus of the foam rubber has been constrained to 30 kPa, its Poisson’s ratio is v=0.1.

Beschreibung: This dataset includes particle image correlation data from 26 experiments performed with Foamquake, a novel analog seismotectonic model reproducing the megathrust seismic cycle. The seismotectonic model has been monitored by the means of a high-resolution top-view monitoring camera. The dataset presented here represents the particle image velocimetry surface velocity field extracted during the experimental model through the cross-correlation between consecutive images. This dataset is supplementary to Mastella et al. (2021) where detailed descriptions of models and experimental results can be found.

Beschreibung: The data result from a sedimentological and geochemical multiproxy approach to study a Holocene palaeolake record north of Tayma, NW Saudi Arabia. The lacustrine, partly varved record was analysed in the frame of the DFG founded project CLEAR “Holocene climatic events in Northern Arabia - Environmental changes and human response”. The Tayma palaeolake record comprises continuous lacustrine sediments covering the early to mid-Holocene. The dataset allows detailed palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate interpretations from the early Holocene humid period and subsequent dryer conditions during the mid-Holocene. The dataset is part of the supplementary material to “Neugebauer et al. (submitted)” where further details about the locality, core composite, age model, sampling and analytical methods and data processing are given. The data are provided in individual xlsx-files per type of data. The different files include sedimentological and geochemical data determined on the ca. 6 m long master core from the sediment cores (Tay 220/221 and Tay 253/254/255/256): (i) sediment core microfacies data, (ii) bulk total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate delta13C_carb and delta18O_carb data, (iii) single aragonite laminae delta13C_arag and delta18O_arag data, (iv) concentrations of n-alkanes n-C29 and n-C31 and hydrogen isotope composition deltaD, (v) XRF core scanning data. All data are provided on composite depths and age scales (based on Bayesian age modelling of radiocarbon dates, varve counting and one tephrochronological anchor; see details in the Supplementary material of Neugebauer et al., submitted).

Beschreibung: This dataset was collected during field-based monitoring in the Kali Gandaki River catchment be-tween the years 2013 and 2017. The monitoring aims to understand the hydrological fluxes and feedback with weathering and erosion processes across the mountain range. The Kali Gandaki River sources its water in the North and traverses through the Himalayan Mountain Range, along a north-south transect. The field-based monitoring comprises targeted field campaigns to revisit locations at different years and seasons in order to constrain the annual and intra-annual variability. This is complemented by permanent installations and routine river and rain sampling at two loca-tions, Lete and Purtighat. Lete is situated at the orographic barrier, at ~2500 m asl. and the up-stream catchment integrates the northern part of the Himalayan Range as well as some of the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Purtighat is located further south and integrates the north-ern part as well as south-facing flanks of the Higher and Lower Himalayas. At both locations, auto-mated river monitoring is installed as well as a trained station ward for daily routine sampling. At Lete, rainfall samples are obtained on a daily resolution during the monsoon. This sampling was not feasible at Purtighat for logistic reasons. Instead, rain was sampled daily in Kathmandu. This dataset contains five tables of stable water isotope analysis. One containing grab samples from the Kali Gandaki river in its vicinities and 4 tables with time series sampling from the Kali Gandaki River and from rainfall.

Beschreibung: This data publication includes standard rock magnetic data related to concentration, coercivity and magneto-mineralogy versus depth from six sediment cores (M72/5-22GC3, M72-5-22GC4, M72-5-22GC6, M72-5-22GC8, M72-5-24GC3, M72-5-25GC1), collected at the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the Southeastern Black Sea during the marine expedition M72/5 of the German research vessel RV METEOR (in May 2007). The data are related to publications by Liu et al. (2018, 2019, 2020), Liu (2019) and Nowaczyk et al. (2012, 2013, 2018, 2021a, b). Sediment cores were recovered using gravity corers. For paleo- and rock magnetic analyses clear plastic boxes of 20×20×15 mm were pressed into the split halves of the generally 1 m long sections of the sediment cores. Data are provided as six ASCII files (.dat, one for each core) with metadata header, followed by 12 data columns and are decribed in the associated data description file (pdf).

Beschreibung: This data publication includes standard rock magnetic data related to concentration, coercivity and magneto-mineralogy versus depth from twelve sediment cores recovered from the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the Southeastern Black Sea, German RV Maria S. Merian expedition MSM33 in 2013: MSM33-51-3, MSM33-52-1, MSM33-53-1, MSM33-54-3, MSM33-55-1, MSM33-56-1, MSM33-57-1, MSM33-60-1, MSM33-61-1, MSM33-62-2, MSM33-63-1, MSM33-64-1. The data are related to publications by Liu et al. (2018, 2019, 2020), Liu (2019) and Nowaczyk et al. (2012, 2013, 2018, 2021a, b). Sediment cores were recovered using gravitiy and piston corers. For paleo- and rock magnetic analyses clear plastic boxes of 20×20×15 mm were pressed into the split halves of the generally 1 m long sections of the sediment cores. Data are provided as 12 ASCII files (.dat, one for each core) with metadata header and are decribed in the associated data description file (pdf).

Beschreibung: This data publication includes stacked paleomagnetic data, inclinations, declinations, and relative paleointensities, for the time interval 120 to 180 ka, comprising data from twelve sediment cores recovered from the Arkhangelsky Ridge in the Southeastern Black Sea; German RV Meteor expedition M72/5 in 2007: M72/5-22GC6, M72/5-22GC8; German RV Maria S. Merian expedition MSM33 in 2013: MSM33-51-3, MSM33-52-1, MSM33-54-3, MSM33-56-1, MSM33-57-1, MSM33-60-1, MSM33-61-1, MSM33-62-2, MSM33-63-1, MSM33-64-1. The data are also described in Nowaczyk et al. (2021). Sediment cores were recovered using gravitiy and piston corers. For paleo- and mineral-magnetic analyses clear plastic boxes of 20×20×15 mm were pressed into the split halves of the generally 1 m long sections of the sediment cores. Data are provided as six ASCII files (.dat, one for each core) with metadata header, followed by 12 data columns and are decribed in the associated data description file (pdf).

Beschreibung: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. In 2014 December the Royal Observatory of Belgium installed the iGrav #019 at the surface site of the Rochefort "Lorette" cave laboratory. The Lorette cave is one of several cavities that belong to the Wamme–Lomme karst system, a 10 km long karst area. At the surface of the site, a small and solid building, located at the border of a large sinkhole, hosts the gravity laboratory, which is thermally stabilized at ~25°C by a heater, excepted during a few days each summer when the temperature may increase above that level. The iGrav #019 is installed directly on the bedrock (limestone) in a 1 m deep shaft. Two meters away from the iGrav there is a pillar of cement (60% sand, 40% cement, no iron nor stones) founded 1 meter deep on the bedrock and on which absolute gravity measurements are performed 10 times or more per year with the FG5#202 absolute gravimeter. See description in Fig A7 in Van Camp et al., 2017. As this instrument was installed among others to investigate flash floods in the caves, it regularly monitors sudden changes in gravity reaching 50-100 nm/s², especially during the winter (Watlet et al., 2020). This should be considered when performing e.g. tidal analyses.

Beschreibung: In geosciences 3D geomechanical-numerical models are used to estimate the in-situ stress state. In such a model each geological unit is populated with the rock properties Young’s module, Poisson ratio, and density. Usually, each unit is assigned a single set of homogene-ous properties. However, variable rock properties are observed and expected within the same geological unit. Even within small volumes large variabilities may occur.

Beschreibung: This data publication provides supplementary data to the X9_2015 network that was operated from 2015 until 2016 within the KISS experiment in the area of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group. In addition, the associated seismic waveform data are archived in the GFZ GEOFON archive with the https://doi.org/10.14470/K47560642124 (Shapiro et al., 2015) and the associated Scientific Technical Report – Data (Green et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.48440/GFZ.B103-21019). Please refer to this site for any further information. Data in the KISS experiment was mainly recorded by Cube3 digitizers which requires a conversion into standard seismological formats including a resampling to adjust the timing of the data to the GPS signals. The data in the GEOFON archive does therefore already include some degree of processing and some loss of information contained in the GPS tags of the raw data. We therefore provide a copy of the raw data as it was retrieved from the Cube digitizers (www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp → Instruments). Additionally, we provide raw data from the Baikal digitizers and photographs of the sites from the station collection.

Beschreibung: The dataset is supplementary material to the Solid Earth research article of Leonhardt et al. (2021). The dataset is a high-resolution catalog of seismicity framing the stimulation campaign of a 6.1 km deep Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) in Helsinki suburban area, Finland. Within the St1 Deep Heat project, a total of 18,160 m3 of fresh water was injected into crystalline rocks during 49 days in summer 2018. The seismicity was monitored by a 12-level seismometer array at 〉2km depth and a seismic network of near-surface borehole sensors surrounding the EGS site. We expanded and refined the original catalog of Kwiatek et al. (2019) including detected seismic events and earthquakes that occurred two month after the end of injection and determining new locations and relocations on the basis of a new velocity model derived from a post-stimulation vertical seismic profiling campaign. A detailed description of the catalog reprocessing as well as a description of basic statistical and spatio-temporal properties of the catalog can be find in the data description file. Definition of columns in the data table (also in the header of the data): event ID, event class, datenumber [integer part = day since year 0], year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds, local magnitude MLHEL, moment magnitude MW, absolute location in local cartesian coordinates [easting (m), northing (m), altitude (m)], relocated location in local cartesian coordinates [easting (m), northing (m), altitude (m)], fault plane solutions of estimated focal mechnisms [strike (°), dip (°), rake(°)] and root mean square fault plane uncertainty of estimated focal mechanisms.

Beschreibung: The 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling aims at a continuous description of the stress state in a subsurface volume. The model is fitted to the model-independent stress data records by adaptation of the displacement boundary conditions. This process is herein referred to as model calibration. Depending on the amount of available stress data records and the complexity of the model the calibration can be a lengthy process of trial-and-error to estimate the best-fit boundary conditions. The tool FAST Calibration (Fast Automatic Stress Tensor Calibration) is a Matlab script that facilitates and speeds up this calibration process. By using a linear regression it requires only three test model scenarios with different displacement boundary conditions to calibrate a geomechanical-numerical model on available stress data records. The differences between the modelled and observed stresses are used for the linear regression that allows to compute the displacement boundary conditions required for the best-fit estimation. The influence of observed stress data records on the best-fit displacement boundary conditions can be weighted. Furthermore, FAST Calibration provides a cross checking of the best-fit estimate against indirect stress information that cannot be used for the calibration process, such as the observation of borehole breakouts or drilling induced fractures.

Beschreibung: Surface deformation in the continental interior, away from active tectonic margins, is enigmatic, with the underlying mechanisms responsible not fully understood. Therefore, it is considered an open and important question in continental dynamics. The Hangai Dome, central Mongolia, is a natural laboratory to explore this question. It is a high-elevation, low-relief, intra-continental region within the Mongolian plateau. It is located between the Siberian and North China cratons and lies within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Central Mongolia has a complex tectonic history that is not well understood. It consists of several lithotectonic units that have influenced the formation and development of the region. The Hangai region has a long history of volcanic activity, including Cenozoic episodes of intraplate volcanism, which occurred as recently as the Holocene. It is characterized by dispersed, low-volume, alkali basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, major fault systems bound the Hangai region and large parts of central Mongolia. The processes and driving mechanisms responsible for creating the Hangai region remain largely unexplained. Therefore, we aim to collect high-resolution magnetotelluric data to image the electrical conductivity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Hangai Dome in order to better understand the mechanisms responsible for intracontinental uplift and intraplate volcanism in this unique region. To achieve this objective a project was created, titled “Crust-mantle interactions beneath the Hangai Mountains in western Mongolia - Insights from 3-D magnetotelluric studies and 4-D thermo-mechanical modelling”. The first phase of the project was completed in 2016. Magnetotelluric data were recorded across the Hangai Dome in a grid (~400 by ~200 km), with a nominal site spacing of 50 km. Broadband measurements were acquired at each grid node and, additionally, long period measurements were acquired along two profiles. This data report provides details on the data collection, the measurement site locations, the instrumentation, and the data format. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201613.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).

Beschreibung: Surface deformation in the continental interior, away from active tectonic margins, is enigmatic, with the underlying mechanisms responsible not fully understood. Therefore, it is considered an open and important question in continental dynamics. The Hangai Dome, central Mongolia, is an ideal location to explore this because it is a high-elevation, low-relief, intra-continental region within the Mongolian plateau, between the Siberian and North China cratons, and within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The tectonic history of Central Mongolia is not well understood. It consists of several lithotectonic units that have influenced the formation and development of the region. The Hangai region has had intraplate volcanism throughout the Cenozoic, including as recently as the Holocene, in addition to older Mesozoic volcanic activity. It is characterized by dispersed, low-volume, alkali basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, major shear fault systems bound the Hangai region and central Mongolia. Our objective is to collect high-resolution magnetotelluric data to image the electrical resistivity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Hangai Dome in order to better understand the processes and mechanisms responsible for intracontinental uplift and intraplate volcanism in this unique region, helping shed light on the Hangai region. Building on the successful first phase of the project (2016), a second phase was completed in 2017. We expanded our magnetotelluric measurement array: to the west along four new profiles; to the south, across the Gobi-Altai mountains; to the north, across the Bulnay fault segments; filling in the previous profiles for denser site spacing. This new grid of data is ~650 km long and ~400 km wide, with a nominal site spacing of 50 km for broadband measurements. In addition, we completed a small profile across the Tariat/Khorgo region and a reconnaissance profile in Zavkhan. This data report provides details on the data collection, the measurement site locations, the instrumentation, and the data format. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.201706.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).

Beschreibung: Following a sequence of seismic events detected by the National Geographic Institute (IGN Spain), on 13.09.2021 the new volcano Cumbre Vieja initiated an eruption, located on the mid-western flank at a location just to the north of the 1949 eruption site. The eruption fed a lava flow that buried already some hundreds of houses, with a high economic estimated loss. Previous studies have shown that La Palma was the source of 3 or 4 large sector collapses associated with avalanches under see and tsunami generation. This volcanic activity is accompanied with an increased seismic activity. The GFZ contributes to the monitoring of the seismic activity by sending experts in the frame of a Hazard and Risk Team (HART). Our partner is the National Geographic Institute. Besides tiltmeters, a temporary 4 station seismic network with TrilliumCompact 20 sec posthole seismometers, D-Cube digitisers (100 sample/sec) and C-Cubes LTE communication for real-time data transmission is being deployed near the Cumbre Vieja volcano, increasing the station density of the IGN network. Data access is being restricted for some time.

Beschreibung: Between early 2018 and late 2019 the STIMTEC hydraulic stimulation experiment was performed at ca.~130 m below surface at the Reiche Zeche underground research laboratory in Freiberg, Saxony/Germany. The project aimed at gaining insight into the creation and growth of fractures in anisotropic and heterogeneous metamorphic gneiss, to develop and optimise hydraulic stimulation techniques and to control the associated induced seismicity under in situ conditions at the mine-scale. These aspects of failure and associated seismicity are important for the development of enhanced geothermal energy systems. A combined seismic network consisted of 12 single-component acoustic emission sensors (sensitivity 1-100 kHz) and three single-component Wilcoxon accelerometers (sensitivity 50 Hz-25 kHz) were installed in boreholes drilled into the test volume, surrounding the stimulation site (Figure 1). A stimulation borehole with 63 m length was drilled with 15° northward inclination. This data set of 314 active ultrasonic transmission (UT) measurements is supplementary to Boese et al. (2021), which introduces the STIMTEC experiment and its active measurement campaigns. This data set was used to derive an anisotropic velocity model for the STIMTEC rock volume. The active seismic data provided here are from six boreholes (BH09, BH10, BH12, BH15, BH16, BH17) as shown in Figure 1. of the associated data description. There are three tables provided as metadata that contain the STIMTEC sensor coordinates, event information of the 314 UT measurements and the UT picks. The UT measurements were recorded with a sampling rate of 1 MHz and results from an automatic stack of 1024 UT pulses generated by the ultrasonic transmitter and recorded by the STIMTEC sensors. The UT measurements are saved in binary file format (fsf file format). Fsf-files can be processed with FOCI software: https://www.induced.pl/software/foci. Each fsf file contains 32768 samples, which corresponds to 0.032768 seconds. All UT event files were manual inspected and phase arrivals identified. These are stored in the fsf-file header as well as in the table STIMTEC_UT_picks.csv.

Beschreibung: The stable isotopic composition of pyrite (δ34Spyrite) and barite (δ34Sbarite, δ18Obarite) in marine sedimentary rocks provides a valuable archive for reconstructing the biogeochemical processes that link the sulfur, carbon, and iron cycles. Highly positive δ34Spyrite values that exceed coeval unmodified seawater sulfate (δ34Spyrite 〉 δ34SSO4(SW)), have been recorded in both modern sediments and ancient sedimentary records and are interpreted to result from various biotic and abiotic processes under a range of environmental conditions. A host of processes, including basin restriction, euxinia, low seawater sulfate, dissimilatory microbial sulfate reduction, sulfide reoxidation, and sulfur disproportionation, have been suggested to account for the formation of highly positive δ34Spyrite values in marine environments. Significantly, determining which of these factors was responsible for the pyrite formation is impeded by a lack of constraints for coeval sulfate, with relatively few examples available where δ34Spyrite and proxies for δ34Ssulfate values (e.g., barite) have been paired at high resolution. In the Selwyn Basin, Canada, the Late Devonian sedimentary system is host to large, mudstone-hosted bedded barite units. These barite units have been interpreted in the past as distal expressions of SEDEX mineralization. However, recent studies on similar settings have highlighted how barite may have formed by diagenetic processes before being subsequently replaced during hydrothermal sulfide mineralization. Coincidentally, highly positive δ34Sbarite values have been recorded in such barite occurring coevally with pyrite in diagenetic redox front, where sulfate reduction is coupled to anaerobic oxidation of methane (SR-AOM) at the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ). The mechanisms of sulfur cycling and concurrent processes are, nevertheless, poorly constrained. Grema et al. (2021) integrate high-resolution scanning electron microscopy petrography of barite (+ associated barium phases) and pyrite, together with microscale isotopic microanalyses of δ34Spyrite, δ34Sbarite, and δ18Obarite of selected samples from the Late Devonian Canol Formation of the Selwyn Basin. Samples containing both barite and pyrite were targeted to develop paired isotopic constraints on the evolution of sulfur during diagenesis. We have focused on the precise mechanism by which highly positive δ34Spyrite values developed in the Canol Formation and discuss the implications for interpreting sulfur isotopes in similar settings. This data report comprises microscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of the isotopic compositions of pyrite (δ34Spyrite; n= 200) and barite (δ34Sbarite; n= 485, δ18Obarite; n= 338) in nine stratigraphic sections of the Northwest Territories’ part of the Selwyn Basin. Microdrills of regions of interest (n= 54) were made on polished sections to obtain suitable subsamples, using a 4 mm diameter diamond core drill. Several representative subsamples were cast into 25 mm epoxy pucks, together with reference materials (RMs) of pyrite S0302A (δ34S V-CDT = 0.0 ± 0.2‰ (Liseroudi et al., 2021)) and barite S0327 (δ34SV-CDT = 11.0 ± 0.5 ‰; δ18OV-SMOW = 21.3 ± 0.2 ‰ (Magnall et al., 2016)). Microscale isotopic analyses were carried out using Cameca IMS1280 large-geometry secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) operated in multi-collector mode at the NordSIMS laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden. External analytical reproducibility (1 σ) was typically ± 0.04‰ δ34S for pyrite, ± 0.15‰ δ34S, and ± 0.12‰ δ18O for barite. The sample identification, location, and depth are reported in the data files.

Beschreibung: This data publication is supplementary material to McCutcheon et al. (2021): "Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a leading cause of land-ice mass loss and cryosphere-attributed sea level rise. Blooms of pigmented glacier ice algae lower ice albedo and accelerate surface melting in the ice sheet’s southwest sector. Although glacier ice algae cause up to 13% of the surface melting in this region, the controls on bloom development remain poorly understood. Here we show a direct link between mineral phosphorus in surface ice and glacier ice algae biomass through the quantification of solid and fluid phase phosphorus reservoirs in surface habitats across the southwest ablation zone of the ice sheet. We demonstrate that nutrients from mineral dust likely drive glacier ice algal growth, and thereby identify mineral dust as a secondary control on ice sheet melting." Tables included in this data publication: Supplementary Table 1. Locations, dates and sample types collected for particulate analyses. Sites 4a and 4b were the base camp locations for 2016 and 2017, respectively. Supplementary Table 2. Results of a Tukey HSD test with a 95% family-wise confidence interval for Fv/Fm measurements made at 24 h and 120 h in the nutrient addition experiment. Supplementary Table 3. Results of a Tukey HSD test with a 95% family-wise confidence interval for rETRmax measurements made at 24 h and 120 h in the nutrient addition experiment. Supplementary Table 4. Glacier algal cell concentrations (cells·mL-1) at the end of the 120 h nutrient incubation experiment. Glacier algae assemblage used for the incubations had an initial mean cell concentration of 8.0 ± 2.1  103 cells·mL-1. Supplementary Table 5. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of solid LAPs collected from melted surface ice. TC: total carbon. TOC: total organic carbon, IC: inorganic carbon, Pexch: exchangeable/loosely bound phosphorus, Pmin: mineral phosphorus, Porg: organic phosphorus. Supplementary Table 6. Mineral phase abundances in 2016 and 2017 particulate samples as determined by Rietveld refinement with powder X-ray diffraction data. Abundances given as weight percent of total mineral dust (n=20). Supplementary Table 7. Mineral class abundances in high algal biomass (Hbio) ice sampled across the ablation zone in 2016. Values listed in weight percent of total mineral dust % (+/- standard error where applicable). Two-sided t-test comparing of mineral class abundances between site 3 and 4a. Supplementary Table 8. Major cation and anion concentrations in the fluid phase and pH, conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) of supraglacial stream water and melted ice and snow samples. LOD: level of detection, LOQ: level of quantification, ND: no data. Supplementary Table 9. Number of raw and processed sequences after each quality filtering step for 16S, ITS2 and 18S. Supplementary Table 10. Table shows the full bacterial community composition with the taxonomic assignments of each ASV on the lowest possible level. Values represent the relative abundances of the 16S ASVs in percentage of the total number of sequences and collapsed on the species level. Values are rounded to one decimal place, thus “〈” represents relative abundance values 〈 0.05 and 〉 0. Supplementary Table 11. Table shows the full eukaryotic community composition collapsed into higher eukaryotic taxonomic groups. Values represent the relative abundance of the 18S ASVs in percentage of the total number of sequences and collapsed on the species level. Values are rounded to one decimal place, thus “〈” represents relative abundance 〈 0.05 and 〉 0. Supplementary Table 12. Table shows the fungal community composition with the taxonomic assignments of the ten most abundant ASV on the lowest possible level. The representative sequences were blasted against NCBI and the closest accession number with the respective similarity were recorded. If several hits shared the similarity one hit was chosen as an example (“e.g.”). Values represent the relative abundance of the ITS2 ASVs in percentage of the total number of sequences. Values are rounded to one decimal place, thus “〈” represents relative abundance values 〈 0.05 and 〉 0. Supplementary Table 13. Table shows the full algal community composition with the taxonomic assignments of each ASV on the lowest possible level. Values represent the relative abundance of the 18S ASVs in percentage of the total number of sequences. All ASVs were blasted against NCBI and the closest accession number with the respective similarity were recorded. If several hits shared the similarity one hit was chosen as an example (“e.g.”). Values are rounded to one decimal place, hence “〈” represents relative abundance 〈 0.05 and 〉 0. *Based on light microscopic identifications in Lutz et al. (2018), this ASV likely represents Mesotaenium sp. (99.4% similarity with M. berggrenii var. alaskana) and not Ancylonema nordenskioeldii despite the slightly higher similarity (99.6%). Supplementary Table 14. Rare Earth Element (REE) analysis concentrations (µg·g-1) for the mineral dust in particulate samples.

Beschreibung: This dataset contains processed (downsampled, rotated to local Äspö96 coordinate system, cut) broadband seismograms from two seismometers (Trillium Compact 120s), showing long-period transients on the horizontal components recorded during multiple hydraulic fracturing experiments in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL). Furthermore, the dataset contains extracted tilt time series and the injection parameters of the experiment to allow reproducing the results of Niemz et al. (2021). The seismic waveforms were recorded during meter-scale hydraulic fracturing experiments in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden (Zang et al., 2017). This dataset only contains a subset of the data recorded during the experiments, monitored by a complementary monitoring system. The two seismometers contained in this dataset (A89 and A8B) were located in galleries adjacent/close to the injection borehole (see Fig. 2 in Niemz et al., 2021). The experiments were conducted at the 410m-depth level of the Äspö HRL. Each of the six experiments (HF1 to HF6) consisted of multiple stages with an initial fracturing and three to five refracturing stages (see injection parameters contained in this dataset). The six injection intervals were located along a 28m-long injection borehole. The borehole was drilled sub-parallel to the minimum horizontal compressive stress direction. The distance of the two seismometers to the injection intervals in the injection borehole is between 17 m and 29 m for sensor A89 and 52 m to 72 m for sensor A8B. A89 and A8B correspond to BB1 and BB2 in Niemz et al., 2021. For more details regarding the experimental setup, see Zang et al., 2017; Niemz et al., 2020; and Niemz et al., 2021. The records of the two seismometers show long-period transients that correlate with the injection parameters. These transients are the response of the seismometers to a tilting of the gallery floor. The extracted tilt time series provide independent insight into the fracturing process during the hydraulic stimulations (Niemz et al., 2021).

Beschreibung: The dataset contains a set of structural and non-structural attributes collected using the GFZ RRVS (Remote Rapid Visual Screening) methodology. It is composed by 604 randomly distributed buildings in the urban area of Valparaiso and Viña del Mar (Chile). The survey has been carried out between November and December 2018 using a Remote Rapid Visual Screening system developed by GFZ and employing omnidirectional images from Google StreetView (vintage: December 2018) and footprints from OpenStreetMap (OSM). The buildings were inspected by local structural engineers from the Chilean Research Centre for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN) while collecting their attribute values in terms of the GEM v.2.0 taxonomy

Beschreibung: This data set is Part 9 of a series of data sets dealing with the composition of accessory minerals from felsic igneous rocks compiles chemical data for monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from several, late-Variscan granite occurrences in the Aue-Schwarzenberg Granite Zone (ASGZ) located in the Western Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province of Germany. The rocks treated in this data set encompass the biotite granites of the Aue suite, Bernsbach and Beierfeld, and the two-mica granites from Lauter and the Schwarzenberg suite. The data set contains the complete pile of electron-microprobe analyses for monazite-(Ce) (MONA-ASGZ-2021), xenotime-(Y) (XENO-ASGZ-2021) and zircon (ZIRC-ASGZ-2021). Tables are presented as Excel (xlsx) resp. machine-readable csv formats. The content of the tables and further information on the granites and regional geology are provided in the data description file and the supplementary literature. The ASGZ (about 325-322 Ma) is located within the deep-reaching Gera-Jáchymov Fault Zone and includes the F-poor biotite granites of the Aue suite (including the granite occurrences at Schlema-Alberoda, Aue, Auerhammer, and Schneeberg), Bernsbach and Beierfeld, and the F-poor two-mica granites of the Schwarzenberg suite (covering the granite occurrences at Schwarzenberg, Neuwelt, and Erla) and Lauter (Fig. 1). The granite encountered by drilling at the village Burkersdorf does not represent an independent intrusion, but is instead a subsurface exposure of the westerly Kirchberg granite, at the contact to the metamorphic country rock. The petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic composition, and geochronology of the ASGZ rocks have been comprehensively described by Förster et al. (2009). The paper of Förster (2010) reports a selection of results of electron-microprobe analyses of monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon, but the bulk of the obtained data remained unpublished. This paper also provides a mineralogical mass-balance calculation for the lanthanides and actinides of the Aue and Schwarzenberg granite suites and a selection of back-scattered electron images displaying the intergrowths, texture, and alteration patterns of the radioactive and REE-Y-Zr-bearing accessory species. The F-poor biotite granites of the ASGZ are weakly to mildly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.07 – 1.14; SiO2 = 70 – 76 wt.%). The F-poor two-mica granites are mildly to strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.17 – 1.26) and cover a similar range in silica concentration (69 – 77 wt%). From this granite group, only more fractionated, higher evolved sub-intrusions were subjected to the study of accessory-mineral composition. Some granites of this zone are genetically related with ortho-magmatic W-Mo veins and para-magmatic vein-type U mineralization.

Beschreibung: This dataset contains a high resolution Moho map of the in the Eastern Alps focused on the SWATH-D network. The Moho map was produced by manually picking the Moho on narrow transects (CCP stacks) calculated with the receiver function method. These manual picks were then fit with a spline in 3-D. Three separate and sometimes overlapping maps are included corresponding to the European, Adriatic, and Pannonian Mohos. In addition to Moho depth, Ps travel time and crustal average Vp/Vs are also reported.

Beschreibung: The stations are part of a seismic network in the Helsinki capital area of Finland in 2020. The stations recorded the response to a second stimulation of a ∼ 6 km deep enhanced geothermal system in the Otaniemi district of Espoo that followed on the first larger stimulation in 2018. The second stimulation from 6 May to 24 May 2020 established a geothermal doublet system. The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH), installed the 70 GIPP-provided geophones in addition to surface broadband sensors, ISUH-owned short-period instruments, and a borehole satellite network deployed by the operating company. The data set consists of raw CUBE-recorder data and converted MSEED data. The data set has been collected to underpin a wide range of seismic analysis techniques for complementary scientific studies of the evolving reservoir processes and the induced event properties. These should inform the legislation and educate the public for transparent decision making around geothermal power generation in Finland. The full 2020 network and with it the deployment of the CUBE stations is described in a Seismological Research Letter Data Mine Column by A. Rintamäki et al. (2021).

Beschreibung: This dataset contains data of a reflection seismic profile in North-Western Namibia. The measurements were carried out in continuation of the LISPWAL project aiming to decipher the lithospheric structure of the Namibian passive margin at the intersection with the Walvis Ridge (Ryberg et al., 2014a, b; 2015). Scientific aims were a) to produce a high-resolution image of the reflectivity of the lower-crustal high-velocity body revealed by wide-angle observations; b) an improved understanding of how continental crust and plume head interact, c) to investigate what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating are, and d) to understand how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break up process. The dataset contains seismic data, including raw and SEG Y files, of the controlled-source survey in North-Western Namibia (Kaokoveld) using near-vertical reflection seismic methods. Additional Information The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.

Beschreibung: This version of Shakyground (V.1.0) comprise several Python3 scripts and returns the median values of spatially-distributed ground motion fields for a selected area and a given synthetic earthquake rupture. These values are simulated by means of a set of GMPEs (Ground Motion Prediction Equations) developed by several experts for specific tectonic areas. The outputs can be provided in community standard formats (.xml). A simple ipython notebook to visualise these results is also included.

Beschreibung: Assetmaster and Modelprop are WPS (Web Processing Services) software components written in Python 3. They are implementing two of the several steps of a multi-hazard scenario-based decentralized risk assessment for the RIESGOS project. The reader can find more details in https://github.com/riesgos. Assetmaster provides as output a structural exposure model defined in terms of risk-oriented building classes (for a reference geographical region) in GeoJSON format. The simple service is based on an underlying exposure model in GeoPackage format (.gpkg). Modelprop provides as output for each defined building class the correspondent fragility function. The python code implementing the service can also be run locally in your computer to assess the physical vulnerability of a given building portfolio computing the direct financial losses associated to hazard and multi-hazard scenarios making use of the DEUS program. It is available in: https://github.com/gfzriesgos/deus/.

Beschreibung: This repository is composed of two main folders: (1) “Exposure_fuzzy_scores” and (2) “Inter-scheme_mapping”. The first one contains an ipython notebook with a complete description of two earthquake building schemes: SARA and HAZUS in terms of faceted attributes contained in the GEM V.2.0 taxonomy. Both schemes have already been proposed for exposure modelling at the third administrative division “commune” in Chile in earlier works. They are inputs for the use of a Python script (contained in the second folder) to calculate an inter-scheme compatibility matrix, that uses SARA as the source and HAZUS as the target schemes. These models and data are supplement material to Gomez-Zapata et al. (2021).

Beschreibung: This version of Quakeledger (V.1.0) is a Python3 program that can also be used as a WPS (Web Processing Service). It returns the available earthquake events contained within a given local database (so called catalogue) that must be customised beforehand (e.g. historical, expert and/or stochastic events). This is a rewrite from: https://github.com/GFZ-Centre-for-Early-Warning/quakeledger and https://github.com/bpross-52n/quakeledger. In these original codes, an earthquake catalogue had to be initially provided in .CSV format. The main difference with this version is that, this code is refactored and uses a SQLITE database. The user can find the parser code in: “quakeledger/assistance/import_csv_in_sqlite.py”

Beschreibung: Hekla is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Iceland presenting a high hazard to air travel and a growing tourist population. It is hence important to monitor its seismic activity in real-time. However, until now the pre-eruption warning time is only around one hour. A temporary seismic network deployed by us around Hekla summit in 2012 recorded unexpected background micro-seismicity (Eibl et al., 2014). Seismic monitoring directly on the edifice could provide a possible means to early-warning if micro-seismicity on Hekla increases prior to an eruption. In addition, the monitoring of a fissure eruption close up is expected to better understand how it initiates in detail. This prompted the installation of the Hekla Real-Time Seismic Network (HERSK) in 2018 (Möllhoff et al., 2018a/b). We experienced logistical difficulties especially in winter months, mainly in relation to power provision. In this project we build on the first phase of HERSK to (1) test novel ways of powering stations that transmit real-time data in very harsh environments and (2) to work towards a real-time event detection and location system dedicated to seismic activity at Hekla volcano. The development of the real-time system necessitates the derivation of a velocity model which we derive by inverting observed microseismicty data. This opens the way to image the internal structure of Hekla volcano. This research is part of project EUROVOLC that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation actions under grant agreement No 731070. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code XE and embargoed until Jan 2025. The seismic waveforms were recorded during meter-scale hydraulic fracturing experiments in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden (Zang et al., 2017). This dataset only contains a subset of the data recorded during the experiments, monitored by a complementary monitoring system. The two seismometers contained in this dataset (A89 and A8B) were located in galleries adjacent/close to the injection borehole (see Fig. 2 in Niemz et al., 2021). The experiments were conducted at the 410m-depth level of the Äspö HRL. Each of the six experiments (HF1 to HF6) consisted of multiple stages with an initial fracturing and three to five refracturing stages (see injection parameters contained in this dataset). The six injection intervals were located along a 28m-long injection borehole. The borehole was drilled sub-parallel to the minimum horizontal compressive stress direction. The distance of the two seismometers to the injection intervals in the injection borehole is between 17 m and 29 m for sensor A89 and 52 m to 72 m for sensor A8B. A89 and A8B correspond to BB1 and BB2 in Niemz et al., 2021. For more details regarding the experimental setup, see Zang et al., 2017; Niemz et al., 2020; and Niemz et al., 2021. The records of the two seismometers show long-period transients that correlate with the injection parameters. These transients are the response of the seismometers to a tilting of the gallery floor. The extracted tilt time series provide independent insight into the fracturing process during the hydraulic stimulations (Niemz et al., 2021).

Beschreibung: The deep seismic reflection survey DEKORP 1-Laacher See was conducted as additional measurements in the Laacher See area in 1987 as part of the DEKORP-1 project, one main traverse of the German continental seismic reflection program. This small survey was an attempt to reveal the 3-D crustal structure in an area of the Quaternary East Eifel Volcanism and possibly find some magma chambers in the crust with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The measurement consists of a 8,64 km long, multifold 2D seismic line 8701 across the Laacher See in NE-SW direction and two pseudo-3D seismic areas 8702 north of the lake and 8703 beneath the lake with one-fold coverage in each case. Laacher See or Lake Laach is a caldera lake in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the volcanic centres of the East Eifel Volcanic Field. It belongs together with the West Eifel to the youngest volcanic areas in Central Europe. The caldera of the Laacher See was formed about 12 900 years ago after the volcano explosively erupted, and the remaining crust collapsed into the empty magma chamber below. The Laacher See is still considered to be an active volcano, proven by seismic activities and thermal anomalies under the lake. The first processing of the Laacher See data was carried out at the Geophysical Institute of the CAU University Kiel in 1990. Unfortunately, these results have not been preserved or published. According to DEKORP Research Group (1991) the first processing resulted in poor data quality caused by high scattering and attenuation in the volcanic material near the surface. This reflected energy was not enough to image a magma chamber beneath the lake or any other structures. Thus, information about the structure of the Earth’s crust of the Eifel is mainly based on the deep seismic reflexion profile DEKORP 1B, running ca. 25 km to the west from the Laacher See und crossing DEKORP 1A at its northern profile end. In recent years, deep low‐frequency (DLF) earthquakes have been detected in the Laacher See area indicating ongoing magmatic activity in the lower crust and upper mantle (Hensch et al., 2019, Dahm et al. 2020). These and other signatures suggested the reprocessing of the Laacher See data with modern methods. Thus, the 2D seismic line 8701 has been reprocessed in 2020 within the framework of the Master’s thesis by Agafonova (2020) written at the Technical University of Berlin and supervised by the GFZ Potsdam. All reprocessed data come in SEGY trace format, the final sections additionally in PNG or PDF graphic format: as raw FF-sorted unstacked data, as preprocessed CDP-/FF-sorted unstacked data as well as poststack-time/-depth unmigrated and migrated sections. Moreover, the results of the tomographic inversion are included. Detailed information about acquisition and reprocessing parameters of line 8701 can be found in the accompanying Technical Report (Agafonova & Stiller, 2021). The reprocessed results of the Laacher See survey 1987 can be of importance for better understanding the structure of the Eifel crust. Even though significant knowledge gaps and uncertainties exist due to the insufficient data quality, such important questions can already be discussed as: • How complex is the structure beneath the Laacher See? • Can the Mantle-Crust Boundary be defined at ca. 34 km depth? • Are the strongly inclined events in the Upper Crust between 1-5 km depth parts of caldera ring-faults? • Do the reflections between 5-7 km depth indicate boundaries of a possible magma chamber?

Beschreibung: The southern Central Andes (SCA, 29°S-39°S) are characterized by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. One striking feature of this area is the change of the subduction angle of the Nazca Plate between 33°S and 35°S from the Chilean-Pampean flat-slab zone (〈 5° dip) in the north to a steeper sector in the south (~30° dip). Subduction geometry, tectonic deformation, and seismicity at this plate boundary are closely related to the lithospheric strength in the upper plate. Despite recent research focused on the compositional and thermal characteristics of the SCA lithosphere, the lithospheric strength distribution remains largely unknown. Here we calculated the long-term lithospheric strength on the basis of an existing 3D model describing the variation of thickness, density and temperature of geological units forming the lithosphere of the SCA. The model consists of a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen (i.e. magmatic arc, main orogenic wedge), the forearc and the foreland, and it extents down to 200 km depth.

Beschreibung: The Central Andean orogen formed as a result of the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the continental South-American plate. In the southern segment of the Central Andes (SCA, 29°S-39°S), the oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate with distinct dip angles from north to south. Subduction geometry, tectonic deformation, and seismicity at this plate boundary are closely related to lithospheric temperature distribution in the upper plate. Previous studies provided insights into the present-day thermal field with focus on the surface heat flow distribution in the orogen or through modelling of the seismic velocity distribution in restricted regions of the SCA as indirect proxy of the deep thermal field. Despite these recent advances, the information on the temperature distribution at depth of the SCA lithosphere remains scarcely constrained. To gain insight into the present-day thermal state of the lithosphere in the region, we derived the 3D lithospheric temperature distribution from inversion of S-wave velocity to temperature and calculations of the steady state thermal field. The configuration of the region – concerning both, the heterogeneity of the lithosphere and the slab dip – was accounted for by incorporating a 3D data-constrained structural and density model of the SCA into the workflow (Rodriguez Piceda et al. 2020a-b). The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen (i.e. magmatic arc, main orogenic wedge), the forearc and the foreland, and it extents down to 200 km depth.

Beschreibung: South Wales is characterised by a rich variety of geologic formations and rocks of different ages and periods, and a large asymmetric syncline, as perhaps its most significant structural geological feature, extending from east to west over a length of approximately 96 km and 30 km from north to south, respectively. This oval-shaped syncline is part of the Variscan orogenic thrust and fold belt in Central Europe and covers some 2,700 km2, with coal-bearing rocks from the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian Stage) deposited in the central syncline and older rocks outcropping in a peripheral belt around it. The coal-bearing sequence begins with Namurian grits and shales, overlain by the more productive Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures. A 3D structural geological model has been implemented for the central part of the South Wales Syncline and its bedrock geology. The oldest rocks in the model domain date back to the Pridoli Series from the uppermost Silurian, the youngest to the Westphalian Stage of the Upper Carboniferous. For model implementation, mainly open access data from the British Geological Survey (BGS) has been used. The final 3D structural geological model covers the entire Central South Wales Syncline and is 32.8 km wide and 36.6 km long. In total, the 3D model includes 21 fault zones and the elevation depth of ten surfaces: (1) Top Upper Coal Measures Formation; (2) Top Middle Coal Measures Formation; (3) Top Lower Coal Measures Formation; (4) Top Millstone Grit Group; (5) Top Dinantian Rocks; (6) Top Upper Devonian Rocks; (7) Top Lower Devonian Rocks (sandstone dominated); (8) Top Lower Devonian Rocks (mudstone dominated); (9) Top Pridoli Rocks; (10) Top Ludlow Rocks (in parts). These risk scenarios were independently calculated making use of the DEUS (Damage Exposure Update Service) available in https://github.com/gfzriesgos/deus. The reader can find documentation about this programme in (Brinckmann et al, 2021) where the input files required by DEUS and outputs are comprehensively described. Besides the spatially distributed hazard intensity measures (IM), other inputs required by DEUS to computed the decoupled risk loss estimates comprise: spatially aggregated building exposure models classified in every hazard-dependent scheme. Each class must be accompanied by their respective fragility functions, and financial consequence model (with loss ratios per involved damage state). The collection of inputs is presented in Gomez-Zapata et al. (2021b). The risk estimates are computed for each spatial aggregation areas of the exposure model. For such a purpose, the initial damage state of the buildings is upgraded from undamaged (D0) to any progressive damage state permissible by the fragility functions. The resultant outputs are spatially explicit .JSON files that use the same spatial aggregation boundaries of the initial building exposure models. An aggregated direct financial loss estimate is reported for each cell after every hazard scenario. It is reported one seismic risk loss distribution outcome for each of the 2000 seismic ground motion fields (GMF) per earthquake magnitude (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021a). Therefore, 1000 seismic risk estimates from uncorrelated GMF are stored in “Clip_Mwi_uncorrelated” and 1000 seismic risk estimates from spatially cross-correlated GMF (using the model proposed by Markhvida et al. (2018)) are stored in “Clip_ Mwi_correlated”. It is worth noting that the prefix “clip” of these folders refers to the fact that, all of the seismic risk estimates were clipped with respect to the geocells were direct tsunami risk losses were obtained. This spatial compatibility in the losses obtained for similar areas and Mw allowed the construction of the boxplots that are presented in Figure 16 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021). The reader should note that folder “All_exposure_models_Clip_8.8_uncorrelated_and_correlated” also contains another folder entitled “SARA_entire_Lima_Mw8.8” where the two realisations (with and without correlation model) selected to produce Figure 10 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021) are stored. Moreover, the data to produce Figure 9 (boxplots comparing the variability in the seismic risk loss estimates for this specific Mw 8.8, are presented in the following .CSV file: “Lima_Mw_8.8_direct_finantial_loss_distributions_all_spatial_aggregations_Corr_and_NoCorr.csv”. Naturally, 1000 values emulating the 1000 realisations are the values that compose the variability expressed in that figure. Since that is a preliminary study (preprint version), the reader is invited to track the latest version of the actually published (if so) journal paper and check the actual the definitive numeration of the aforementioned figures.